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Thakral A, Sen S, Singh VP, Ramakrishna N, Mandlik VB. Aspiration of an endodontic file. Med J Armed Forces India 2016; 71:S509-11. [PMID: 26843771 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Nanda P, Prakash P, Choudhury KJ, Singh VP, Prakash S. A prospective, randomised, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effect of nitrous oxide on propofol requirement in elective craniotomy in which entropy was used to measure depth of anaesthesia. SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/22201181.2015.1122708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rastogi B, Singh VP, Gupta K, Jain M, Singh M, Singh I. Postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy by preemptive use of intravenous paracetamol or ketorolac: A comparative study. INDIAN JOURNAL OF PAIN 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/0970-5333.173460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Maithani T, Singh VP, Pandey A. Acute Subperiosteal Hematoma of the Orbit with Visual Impairment: An Unconventional Presentation. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2016; 14:84-86. [PMID: 27892448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute subperiosteal hematoma of orbit is a rare condition and its presentation with rapid severe diminution of vision is even rarest. Urgent intervention is required for these patients presenting with visual compromise. Needle aspiration is safe and simple procedure for management of such hematoma provided the patient presents early and does not have any associated complications. We present one such rare case highlighting the importance of timely diagnosis and urgent management to overcome functional complications in acute subperiosteal hematoma. To best of our knowledge this is the first pediatric case presenting with acute subperiosteal hematoma accompanied by severely diminished vision within few hours of trauma.
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Noel P, Patel K, Durgampudi C, Trivedi RN, de Oliveira C, Crowell MD, Pannala R, Lee K, Brand R, Chennat J, Slivka A, Papachristou GI, Khalid A, Whitcomb DC, DeLany JP, Cline RA, Acharya C, Jaligama D, Murad FM, Yadav D, Navina S, Singh VP. Peripancreatic fat necrosis worsens acute pancreatitis independent of pancreatic necrosis via unsaturated fatty acids increased in human pancreatic necrosis collections. Gut 2016; 65:100-11. [PMID: 25500204 PMCID: PMC4869971 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Peripancreatic fat necrosis occurs frequently in necrotising pancreatitis. Distinguishing markers from mediators of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is important since targeting mediators may improve outcomes. We evaluated potential agents in human pancreatic necrotic collections (NCs), pseudocysts (PCs) and pancreatic cystic neoplasms and used pancreatic acini, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and an acute pancreatitis (AP) model to determine SAP mediators. METHODS We measured acinar and PBMC injury induced by agents increased in NCs and PCs. Outcomes of caerulein pancreatitis were studied in lean rats coadministered interleukin (IL)-1β and keratinocyte chemoattractant/growth-regulated oncogene, triolein alone or with the lipase inhibitor orlistat. RESULTS NCs had higher fatty acids, IL-8 and IL-1β versus other fluids. Lipolysis of unsaturated triglyceride and resulting unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) oleic and linoleic acids induced necro-apoptosis at less than half the concentration in NCs but other agents did not do so at more than two times these concentrations. Cytokine coadministration resulted in higher pancreatic and lung inflammation than caerulein alone, but only triolein coadministration caused peripancreatic fat stranding, higher cytokines, UFAs, multisystem organ failure (MSOF) and mortality in 97% animals, which were prevented by orlistat. CONCLUSIONS UFAs, IL-1β and IL-8 are elevated in NCs. However, UFAs generated via peripancreatic fat lipolysis causes worse inflammation and MSOF, converting mild AP to SAP.
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Valipour M, Singh VP. Global Experiences on Wastewater Irrigation: Challenges and Prospects. BALANCED URBAN DEVELOPMENT: OPTIONS AND STRATEGIES FOR LIVEABLE CITIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28112-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Singh R, Singh S, Parihar P, Mishra RK, Tripathi DK, Singh VP, Chauhan DK, Prasad SM. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Beneficial Companions of Plants' Developmental Processes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1299. [PMID: 27729914 PMCID: PMC5037240 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated inevitably in the redox reactions of plants, including respiration and photosynthesis. In earlier studies, ROS were considered as toxic by-products of aerobic pathways of the metabolism. But in recent years, concept about ROS has changed because they also participate in developmental processes of plants by acting as signaling molecules. In plants, ROS regulate many developmental processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, programmed cell death, seed germination, gravitropism, root hair growth and pollen tube development, senescence, etc. Despite much progress, a comprehensive update of advances in the understanding of the mechanisms evoked by ROS that mediate in cell proliferation and development are fragmentry and the matter of ROS perception and the signaling cascade remains open. Therefore, keeping in view the above facts, an attempt has been made in this article to summarize the recent findings regarding updates made in the regulatory action of ROS at various plant developmental stages, which are still not well-known.
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Yan J, Poon JF, Singh VP, Gates P, Engman L. Regenerable Thiophenolic Radical-Trapping Antioxidants. Org Lett 2015; 17:6162-5. [PMID: 26651856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diphenyl disulfides carrying alkyltelluro groups in the o-, m-, and p-positions were prepared using ortho-lithiation and lithium halogen exchange reactions. The novel antioxidants showed only minimal inhibitory effect on the azo-initiated peroxidation of linoleic acid in chlorobenzene until reduced to the corresponding thiophenols by tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP). The best in situ generated thiophenol (from 7c) under these conditions quenched peroxyl radicals more efficiently than α-tocopherol with an almost 3-fold increase in inhibition time.
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Avinash S, Singh VP, Agarwal AK, Chatterjee S, Araya V. Identification and Stratification of Diabetic Kidney Disease Using Serum Cystatin C and Serum Creatinine Based Estimating Equations in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Analysis. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2015; 63:28-35. [PMID: 29900708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystatin C is a low molecular weight protein produced by all nucleated human cells, with a stable production rate. Its levels are not influenced by inflammation, infections, hepatic or renal diseases, or by dietary or constitutional factors. We compared serum cystatin C and serum creatinine based predicting equations to estimate glomerular filteration rate (GFR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus, using the staging of chronic kidney disease (CKD) defined by the National Kidney Foundation. We also explored the relationship of urine albumin, GFR, serum creatinine and cystatin C concentrations. METHODS : A cross-sectional study was performed at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi. Consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus above the age of 35 years were enrolled. Fasting and 2-hour-postprandial blood glucose, fasting lipid profile, lipoprotein(a), haemoglobin, microalbuminuria, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), liver and renal function tests were assessed. Serum levels of Cystatin C were measured using immune-turbidometric method (Dade Behring analyzer BN2). Estimated GFR (eGFR) was calculated using Cockcroft-Gault formula, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) Cys C formula. The three sets of eGFR were compared using repeated measure ANOVA. Linear regression analysis was performed to find the factor that affects the albumin excretion rate (AER) and e-GFR levels using all three equations. RESULTS We assessed 172 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mean age of the patients was 61.4 ± 9.6 years with mean duration of diabetes of 11.40 ± 7.5 years. Approximately 70% of patients had hypertension. A family history of diabetes was present in 53.4% of subjects and a history of CAD in first degree relatives in 20.9%. The prevalence of coronary artery disease was 17.4%. Albumin excretion correlated with e-GFR estimated using each of the three equations. The best correlation was seen with the CKD-EPI equation derived e-GFR. The CKD-EPI equation also identified the maximum number of patients in the normo-albuminuria group as having CKD. Albuminuria correlated with blood urea levels (p = 0.014) and serum cystatin C levels (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION The new cystatin C based Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology equation identifies more patients in early CKD and also patients with normo-albuminuric CKD compared to the creatinine based Cockcroft-Gault equation or the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formulae.
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Dang H, Singh VP. Nanowire CdS-CdTe Solar Cells with Molybdenum Oxide as Contact. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14859. [PMID: 26439839 PMCID: PMC4594302 DOI: 10.1038/srep14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a 10 nm thick molybdenum oxide (MoO3−x) layer as a transparent and low barrier contact to p-CdTe, we demonstrate nanowire CdS-CdTe solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 11% under front side illumination. Annealing the as-deposited MoO3 film in N2 resulted in a reduction of the cell’s series resistance, from 9.97 Ω/cm2 to 7.69 Ω/cm2, and increase in efficiency from 9.9% to 11%. Under illumination from the back, the MoO3−x/Au side, the nanowire solar cells yielded Jsc of 21 mA/cm2 and efficiency of 8.67%. Our results demonstrate use of a thin layer transition metal oxide as a potential way for a transparent back contact to nanowire CdS-CdTe solar cells. This work has implications toward enabling a novel superstrate structure nanowire CdS-CdTe solar cell on Al foil substrate by a low cost roll-to roll fabrication process.
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Liu X, Wang S, Xue H, Singh VP. Simulating Crop Evapotranspiration Response under Different Planting Scenarios by Modified SWAT Model in an Irrigation District, Northwest China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139839. [PMID: 26439928 PMCID: PMC4595335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modelling crop evapotranspiration (ET) response to different planting scenarios in an irrigation district plays a significant role in optimizing crop planting patterns, resolving agricultural water scarcity and facilitating the sustainable use of water resources. In this study, the SWAT model was improved by transforming the evapotranspiration module. Then, the improved model was applied in Qingyuan Irrigation District of northwest China as a case study. Land use, soil, meteorology, irrigation scheduling and crop coefficient were considered as input data, and the irrigation district was divided into subdivisions based on the DEM and local canal systems. On the basis of model calibration and verification, the improved model showed better simulation efficiency than did the original model. Therefore, the improved model was used to simulate the crop evapotranspiration response under different planting scenarios in the irrigation district. Results indicated that crop evapotranspiration decreased by 2.94% and 6.01% under the scenarios of reducing the planting proportion of spring wheat (scenario 1) and summer maize (scenario 2) by keeping the total cultivated area unchanged. However, the total net output values presented an opposite trend under different scenarios. The values decreased by 3.28% under scenario 1, while it increased by 7.79% under scenario 2, compared with the current situation. This study presents a novel method to estimate crop evapotranspiration response under different planting scenarios using the SWAT model, and makes recommendations for strategic agricultural water management planning for the rational utilization of water resources and development of local economy by studying the impact of planting scenario changes on crop evapotranspiration and output values in the irrigation district of northwest China.
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da Silva YJAB, Cantalice JRB, Singh VP, do Nascimento CWA, Piscoya VC, Guerra SMS. Trace element fluxes in sediments of an environmentally impacted river from a coastal zone of Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:14755-14766. [PMID: 25989857 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Data regarding trace element concentrations and fluxes in suspended sediments and bedload are scarce. To fill this gap and meet the international need to include polluted rivers in future world estimation of trace element fluxes, this study aimed to determine the trace element fluxes in suspended sediment and bedload of an environmentally impacted river in Brazil. Water, suspended sediment, and bedload from both the upstream and the downstream cross sections were collected. To collect both the suspended sediment and water samples, we used the US DH-48. Bedload measurements were carried out using the US BLH 84 sampler. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). As and Hg were determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA-FIAS). The suspended sediments contributed more than 99 % of the trace element flux. By far Pb and to a less extent Zn at the downstream site represents major concerns. The yields of Pb and Zn in suspended sediments were 4.20 and 2.93 kg km(2) year(-1), respectively. These yields were higher than the values reported for Pb and Zn for Tuul River (highly impacted by mining activities), 1.60 and 1.30 kg km(2) year(-1), respectively, as well as the Pb yield (suspended + dissolved) to the sea of some Mediterranean rivers equal to 3.4 kg km(2) year(-1). Therefore, the highest flux and yield of Pb and Zn in Ipojuca River highlighted the importance to include medium and small rivers-often overlooked in global and regional studies-in the future estimation of world trace element fluxes in order to protect estuaries and coastal zones.
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Nawaz H, Koutroumpakis E, Easler J, Slivka A, Whitcomb DC, Singh VP, Yadav D, Papachristou GI. Elevated serum triglycerides are independently associated with persistent organ failure in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110:1497-503. [PMID: 26323188 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2015.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) represents a major health problem with prevalence exceeding 30% in the U.S. The present study aims to assess the effect of elevated serum triglyceride (TG) levels on the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS Prospectively enrolled AP patients were categorized into normal, mild, moderate, and severe/very severe categories based on their TG levels and compared in respect to demographics, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes. Multivariate analysis determined whether elevated TG levels were independently associated with persistent organ failure. RESULTS Two hundred and one out of 400 AP patients had serum TGs measured within 72 h of presentation, of which 115 had normal TG levels and 86 HTG (20 mild, 41 moderate, and 25 severe/very severe). Patients with HTG were of younger age (44 vs. 52 years), predominantly male (65% vs. 45%), obese (57% vs. 34%), diabetic (38% vs. 17%), and developed more frequently persistent organ failure (40% vs. 17%) compared with those with normal TGs (P<0.02). The rate of persistent organ failure increased proportionally with HTG severity grades (17% when normal TGs, 30% in mild, 39% in moderate, and 48% in severe/very severe HTG, Ptrend<0.001). On multivariate analysis controlling for age, gender, body mass index, diabetes, and alcohol etiology, moderate HTG (odds ratio (OR), 2.6; P=0.04) and severe/very severe HTG (OR, 4.9; P=0.009) were independently associated with persistent organ failure. CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum TGs in AP patients are independently and proportionally correlated with persistent organ failure regardless of etiology. TG-mediated lipotoxicity may be an attractive target to design novel interventions for severe AP.
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Nagpal BN, Ghosh SK, Eapen A, Srivastava A, Sharma MC, Singh VP, Parashar BD, Prakash S, Mendki MJ, Tikar SN, Saxena R, Gupta S, Tiwari SN, Ojha VP, Ravindran KJ, Ganesan K, Rao AN, Sharma RS, Tuli NR, Yadav NK, Vijayaraghavan R, Dua VK, Dash AP, Kaushik MP, Joshi PL, Valecha N. Control of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, the vectors of dengue and chikungunya, by using pheromone C21 with an insect growth regulator: Results of multicentric trials from 2007-12 in India. J Vector Borne Dis 2015; 52:224-231. [PMID: 26418653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Aedes mosquito control has gained much importance nowadays in view of rise in number of reported cases of dengue and chikungunya in India and other countries. In the present study, C21 attracticide (containing a pheromone and an insect growth regulator—IGR, developed by Defence Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior, India was tested for its feasibility for surveillance and control of Aedes mosquito in a multicentric mode from October 2007 to June 2012 in urban (Delhi, and Bengaluru district, Karnataka) and suburban (Alappuzha district, Kerala) settings of the country in three phases. METHODS Across the randomly selected households in each study area, two to four containers treated with attracticide (experimental) and untreated (control) were placed and monitored by trained surveillance workers on weekly/ fortnightly basis for determining the presence of eggs, larvae and pupae. Container positivity, percent larvae, egg and pupae collected were determined during different phases and analyzed statistically using SPSS 18.0. RESULTS Container positivity was found statistically significant at Bengaluru and Alappuzha, Kerala while in Delhi, it was found non-significant. Eggs collected from experimental containers were significantly higher in comparison to control at all the locations except Delhi. Also larvae collected from control containers were significantly higher at all the locations except Bengaluru. Pupae collected from control containers remained significantly higher at all the locations as no pupal formation was recorded from experimental containers. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The use of C21 attracticide hampered pupal formation, thus inhibiting adult population in the study areas. The study established that C21 attracticide was efficacious in the field conditions and has potential for use in surveillance and management of dengue and chikungunya mosquitoes.
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Sohoulande Djebou DC, Singh VP. Retrieving vegetation growth patterns from soil moisture, precipitation and temperature using maximum entropy. Ecol Modell 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Singh VP, Poon JF, Butcher RJ, Lu X, Mestres G, Ott MK, Engman L. Effect of a Bromo Substituent on the Glutathione Peroxidase Activity of a Pyridoxine-like Diselenide. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7385-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Prakash J, Pant P, Singh AK, Sriniwas S, Singh VP, Singh U. Renal cortical necrosis is a disappearing entity in obstetric acute kidney injury in developing countries: our three decade of experience from India. Ren Fail 2015; 37:1185-9. [PMID: 26133740 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1062340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONAL Obstetrical complications are the commonest causes of Renal Cortical Necrosis (RCN). However, the overall incidence of RCN in obstetric acute kidney injury in developing countries has been decreasing in recent years. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the changing profile of RCN in obstetric AKI over the last three decades. METHODS This single center study included patients with biopsy proven renal cortical necrosis over a period of 32 years from 1982 to 2014. The diagnosis of RCN was suspected in patients with prolonged AKI (>4 weeks) with absolute anuria in the setting of hemorrhage, hypotension and sepsis; and was confirmed by renal biopsy. The changing pattern in the incidence, etiology and outcome of RCN in patients with obstetric AKI was compared in the three study periods, namely 1982-1991, 1992-2002 and 2003-2014. RESULTS Over a period of 32 years, RCN was diagnosed in 15/259(5.8%) cases of obstetric AKI. Diffuse and patchy cortical necrosis were noted in 8(53.3%) and 7(46.7%) patients, respectively. RCN occurred in 17%(11/65), 2.4%(3/125) and 1.44%(1/69) patients in 1982-1991, 1992-2002 and 2003-2014, respectively. Septic abortion was commonest cause of RCN in the first two study periods but no case was observed in last decade. The decrease in incidence of RCN over the three decades was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). Maternal mortality decreased to zero in 2003-2014 from 72.7% in 1982-1991. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of RCN in obstetric AKI in developing countries has declined low enough to label it as a disappearing entity.
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Loverdos I, Swan MC, Shekherdimian S, Al-Rasheed AA, Schneider R, Fish JS, Ngan BY, Adeli K, Lowe ME, Singh VP, Sevilla WMA, Langer JC, Gonska T. A case of pancreatitis, panniculitis and polyarthritis syndrome: Elucidating the pathophysiologic mechanisms of a rare condition. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2015; 3:223-226. [PMID: 27182490 PMCID: PMC4864014 DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis-Panniculitis-Polyarthritis (PPP) syndrome is rare and its physiopathology unclear. A 6-year old boy suffered of traumatic pancreatitis complicated by PPP syndrome. Extensive investigations demonstrated high levels of pancreatic lipase and fatty acids in the affected peripheral tissues. These findings support the sequence of peripheral lipolysis and fatty acid accumulation inducing tissue inflammation.
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Gupta K, Rastogi B, Gupta PK, Rastogi A, Jain M, Singh VP. Subarachnoid block with Taylor's approach for surgery of lower half of the body and lower limbs: A clinical teaching study. Anesth Essays Res 2015; 6:38-41. [PMID: 25885500 PMCID: PMC4173443 DOI: 10.4103/0259-1162.103370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid anesthesia is used as the sole anesthetic technique for below umbilical surgeries, but patients with deformed spine represent technical difficulty for its establishment. This study was aimed to find out whether training of Taylor's approach to residents on normal spine is beneficial for establishing subarachnoid block in patients with deformed spine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The total of 174 patients of ASA I-III with normal and deformed spine of both genders scheduled for below umbilical surgeries under the subarachnoid block and met the inclusion criteria, were enrolled for this two-phased clinical teaching study. All participating residents have performed more than 100 subarachnoid block with the median and paramedian approach. Residents were randomized into two equal groups. During the first phase program, Group I was taught Taylor's approach by hands on method for the subarachnoid block while Group II kept on observation for the technique. During the second phase of program, Group II was also taught Taylor's approach for establishing the subarachnoid block. Block success was defined according to clinical efficacy. RESULTS The results of teaching of Taylor's approach were encouraging. Initially, the residents faced difficulty for establishing the subarachnoid block in deformed spine but after learning by observation and practical hands on, both groups had successfully performed the subarachnoid block by Taylor's approach in one or more attempts in patient with deformed spine with the acceptable failure rate of 15%. CONCLUSION Taylor's approach for establishing subarachnoid block in deformed spine should be taught to residents on normal spine.
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Sharma D, Singh VP, Malhotra MK, Gupta K. Optimum depth of central venous catheter - Comparision by pere's, landmark and endocavitory (atrial) ECG technique: A prospective study. Anesth Essays Res 2015; 7:216-20. [PMID: 25885836 PMCID: PMC4173511 DOI: 10.4103/0259-1162.118966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Blind insertion of central venous catheter has many implications. Better options should be sought to perform this procedure. Aim: To evaluate various options for positioning central venous catheter tip. Settings and Design: This is institutional based randomized prospective controlled study. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study depth and position of central venous catheter were evaluated in 150 patients in intensive care unit. Three different methods: Pere's, landmark, and endocavitory (atrial) ECG control were used. Statistical Analysis: Twoway ANOVA test was applied on SPSS version 16 to test the significant difference between the three groups. Results: Patient characteristic and demographic data were similar in the three groups. The average depth of central venous catheter by Pere's, landmark, and endocavitory (ECG) technique were 14.20 ± 0.69 cm, 12.08 ± 0.98 cm, and 8.18 ± 0.74 cm, respectively. Conclusion: The correct position of central venous catheter by endocavitory (atrial) ECG appears not only to reduce the procedure related complications but also post procedure manipulation of catheter tip detected by post procedure chest X-ray.
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Gupta K, Rastogi B, Krishan A, Gupta A, Singh VP, Agarwal S. The prophylactic role of tranexamic acid to reduce blood loss during radical surgery: A prospective study. Anesth Essays Res 2015; 6:70-3. [PMID: 25885506 PMCID: PMC4173437 DOI: 10.4103/0259-1162.103378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The radical surgical procedures are associated with perioperative blood loss. This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in reducing perioperative blood loss in patients undergoing radical surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty ASA class I and II adult consented female patients, scheduled for elective radical surgery and met the inclusion criterion, were blindly randomized into two groups to receive either intravenous 1 g tranexamic acid 20 min before skin incision or an equivalent volume of normal saline as placebo (P). All patient's total blood loss was measured and recorded perioperatively at the 12(th)h postoperatively. The preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit values, serum creatinine, activated thromboplastin time, prothombin time, thrombocyte count, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and symptoms of pulmonary embolism were comparatively evaluated. RESULTS The tranexamic acid significantly reduced the quantity of total blood loss, 576 ± 53 mL in study group as compared to 823 ± 74 mL in the control group (P<0.01). Postoperatively hematocrit values were higher in the tranexamic acid group. The coagulation profile did not differ between the groups, but D-dimer concentrations were increased in the control group. No complications or adverse effects were reported in the either group. CONCLUSION The prophylactic administration of tranexamic acid has effectively reduced theblood loss and transfusion needs during radical surgery without any adverse effects or complication of thrombosis.
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Gupta K, Singh I, Singh VP, Gupta PK, Tiwari V. Preemptive analgesia of oral clonidine during subarachnoid block for laparoscopic gynecological procedures: A prospective study. Anesth Essays Res 2015; 8:187-91. [PMID: 25886224 PMCID: PMC4173624 DOI: 10.4103/0259-1162.134498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preemptive analgesia is known modality to control the peri-operative pain. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of oral clonidine on subarachnoid block characteristics, hemodynamic changes, sedation and respiratory efficiency in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological procedures. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 64 adult consenting females of American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status I and II were randomized double blindly into two groups of 32 patients each. Patients in the clonidine group received oral clonidine (100 μg) and patients of the control group received placebo capsule, 90 min before subarachnoid block with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (3.5 ml). The onset of sensory and motor block, maximum cephalic sensory level and regression times of sensory and motor blockade were assessed. Intra-operative hemodynamic changes, respiratory efficiency, shoulder pain and sedation score were recorded. The other side-effects, if any were noted and managed. RESULTS The onset of sensory blockade was earlier in patients of clonidine group with prolonged duration of analgesia (216.4 ± 23.3 min vs. 165.8 ± 37.2 min, P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed on motor blockade between groups. The hemodynamic parameters and respiratory efficiency were maintained within physiological limits in patients of clonidine group and no patient experienced shoulder pain. The Ramsey sedation score was 2.96 ± 0.75. In the control group, 17 patients experienced shoulder pain, which was effectively managed with small doses of ketamine and 15 patients required midazolam for anxiety. CONCLUSION Premedication with oral clonidine (100 μg) has enhanced the onset and prolonged the duration of spinal analgesia, provided sedation with no respiratory depression. The hemodynamic parameters remained stabilized during the pneumoperitoneum.
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Jain M, Rastogi B, Singh VP, Gupta K. Central venous catheter placement: An alternative of Certodyn(®) (Universal Adapter). Anesth Essays Res 2015; 5:242-3. [PMID: 25885401 PMCID: PMC4173389 DOI: 10.4103/0259-1162.94798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Anand A, Singh VP, Anand KP. George Nicholas Papanicolaou, Father of Modern Cytopathology. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2015; 63:107-108. [PMID: 26540862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Singh VP, Anand A, Kumar S. Dr. Dwarkanath Kotnis. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2015; 63:116-117. [PMID: 26540868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Singh VP, Gurunathan C, Singh S, Singh B, Lakshmi BJ, Mishra AP, Kumar S. Genetic deletion of Wdr13 improves the metabolic phenotype of Lepr (db/db) mice by modulating AP1 and PPARγ target genes. Diabetologia 2015; 58:384-92. [PMID: 25417213 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS Type 2 diabetes is a complex disease characterised by hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance accompanied by inflammation. Previously, we showed that mice lacking the Wdr13 gene had increased islet mass due to enhanced beta cell proliferation. We hypothesised that introgression of a Wdr13-null mutation, a beta cell-proliferative phenotype, into Lepr(db/db) mice, a beta cell-destructive phenotype, might rescue the diabetic phenotype of the latter. METHODS Wdr13-deficient mice were crossed with Lepr(db/db) mice to generate mice with the double mutation. We measured various serum metabolic variables of Wdr13(+/0)Lepr(db/db) and Wdr13(-/0) Lepr(db/db) mice. Further, we analysed the histopathology and gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and, activator protein (AP)1 targets in various metabolic tissues. RESULTS Lepr(db/db) mice with the Wdr13 deletion had a massively increased islet mass, hyperinsulinaemia and adipocyte hypertrophy. The increase in beta cell mass in Wdr13(-/0)Lepr(db/db) mice was due to an increase in beta cell proliferation. Hypertrophy of adipocytes may be the result of increase in transcription of Pparg and its target genes, leading in turn to increased expression of several lipogenic genes. We also observed a significant decrease in the expression of AP1 and nuclear factor κ light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) target genes involved in inflammation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study provides evidence that loss of WD repeat domain 13 (WDR13) protein in the Lepr (db/db) mouse model of diabetes is beneficial. Based on these findings, we suggest that WDR13 may be a potential drug target for ameliorating hyperglycaemia and inflammation in diabetic conditions.
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Patel K, Trivedi RN, Durgampudi C, Noel P, Cline RA, DeLany JP, Navina S, Singh VP. Lipolysis of visceral adipocyte triglyceride by pancreatic lipases converts mild acute pancreatitis to severe pancreatitis independent of necrosis and inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:808-19. [PMID: 25579844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Visceral fat necrosis has been associated with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) for over 100 years; however, its pathogenesis and role in SAP outcomes are poorly understood. Based on recent work suggesting that pancreatic fat lipolysis plays an important role in SAP, we evaluated the role of pancreatic lipases in SAP-associated visceral fat necrosis, the inflammatory response, local injury, and outcomes of acute pancreatitis (AP). For this, cerulein pancreatitis was induced in lean and obese mice, alone or with the lipase inhibitor orlistat and parameters of AP induction (serum amylase and lipase), fat necrosis, pancreatic necrosis, and multisystem organ failure, and inflammatory response were assessed. Pancreatic lipases were measured in fat necrosis and were overexpressed in 3T3-L1 cells. We noted obesity to convert mild cerulein AP to SAP with greater cytokines, unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), and multisystem organ failure, and 100% mortality without affecting AP induction or pancreatic necrosis. Increased pancreatic lipase amounts and activity were noted in the extensive visceral fat necrosis of dying obese mice. Lipase inhibition reduced fat necrosis, UFAs, organ failure, and mortality but not the parameters of AP induction. Pancreatic lipase expression increased lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells. We conclude that UFAs generated via lipolysis of visceral fat by pancreatic lipases convert mild AP to SAP independent of pancreatic necrosis and the inflammatory response.
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Singh VP. From the Editor's desk. J Pediatr Neurosci 2015; 10:303. [PMID: 26962331 PMCID: PMC4770637 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1745.174464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Tiwari P, ain M, Rastogi B, aggarwal S, Gupta K, Singh VP. A comparative clinical study of perineural administration of 0.75% ropivacaine with and without dexmedetomidinein upper limb surgery by ultrasound guided single injection supraclavicular brachial plexus block. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.15761/gapm.1000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Umaraw P, Pathak V, Rajkumar V, Verma AK, Singh VP, Verma AK. Microbial quality, instrumental texture, and color profile evaluation of edible by-products obtained from Barbari goats. Vet World 2015; 8:97-102. [PMID: 27047004 PMCID: PMC4777820 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.97-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The study was conducted to estimate the contribution of edible byproducts of Barbari kids to their live and carcass weight as well as to assess textural and color characteristics and microbiological status of these byproducts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Percent live weight, Percent carcass weight, Texture, color, and microbiological analysis was done for edible byproducts viz. liver, heart, kidney, spleen, brain and testicle and longissimus dorsi muscle was taken as a reference. RESULTS The edible byproducts of Barbari kids constitute about 3% of the live weight of an animal of which liver contributed maximum (1.47%) followed by testicles (0.69%) and heart (0.41%). While the same constituted 3.57, 1.70, and 0.99%, respectively on carcass weight. There was significant (p<0.05) difference among all organs regarding textural properties. Liver required the maximum shear force and work of shear (121.48N and 32.19 kg-sec) followed by spleen and heart. All organs revealed characteristics color values (L*, a*, b*, chroma, and hue) which were significantly different (p<0.05) from muscle values. The total viable count, coliform count showed slight differences for all organs studied. The staphylococcus counts were low with little differences among organs. CONCLUSION Edible byproducts have a significant contribution to carcass weight which could enhance total edible portion of the carcass. Efficient utilization of these by-products returns good source of revenue to the meat industries. Textural and color analysis give information for their incorporation in comminuted meat products, and microbial study tells about the storage study. However, study was in the preliminary and basic step forward toward better utilization of 3% of live animal which could increase the saleable cost of animal by 6.94%.
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Durgampudi C, Noel P, Patel K, Cline R, Trivedi RN, DeLany JP, Yadav D, Papachristou GI, Lee K, Acharya C, Jaligama D, Navina S, Murad F, Singh VP. Acute lipotoxicity regulates severity of biliary acute pancreatitis without affecting its initiation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1773-84. [PMID: 24854864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obese patients have worse outcomes during acute pancreatitis (AP). Previous animal models of AP have found worse outcomes in obese rodents who may have a baseline proinflammatory state. Our aim was to study the role of acute lipolytic generation of fatty acids on local severity and systemic complications of AP. Human postpancreatitis necrotic collections were analyzed for unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and saturated fatty acids. A model of biliary AP was designed to replicate the human variables by intraductal injection of the triglyceride glyceryl trilinoleate alone or with the chemically distinct lipase inhibitors orlistat or cetilistat. Parameters of AP etiology and outcomes of local and systemic severity were measured. Patients with postpancreatitis necrotic collections were obese, and 13 of 15 had biliary AP. Postpancreatitis necrotic collections were enriched in UFAs. Intraductal glyceryl trilinoleate with or without the lipase inhibitors resulted in oil red O-positive areas, resembling intrapancreatic fat. Both lipase inhibitors reduced the glyceryl trilinoleate-induced increase in serum lipase, UFAs, pancreatic necrosis, serum inflammatory markers, systemic injury, and mortality but not serum alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, or amylase. We conclude that UFAs are enriched in human necrotic collections and acute UFA generation via lipolysis worsens pancreatic necrosis, systemic inflammation, and injury associated with severe AP. Inhibition of lipolysis reduces UFA generation and improves these outcomes of AP without interfering with its induction.
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Poon JF, Singh VP, Yan J, Engman L. Regenerable Antioxidants-Introduction of Chalcogen Substituents into Tocopherols. Chemistry 2014; 21:2447-57. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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183
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Saxena R, Das MK, Nagpal BN, Srivastava A, Gupta SK, Kumar A, Tomar AS, Sinha ATS, Vidyotma R, Jeyaseelan AT, Baraik VK, Singh VP. Identification of risk factors for malaria control by focused interventions in Ranchi district, Jharkhand, India. J Vector Borne Dis 2014; 51:276-281. [PMID: 25540958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand state is endemic for malaria, particularly the Bundu Primary Health Centre (PHC) is the worst affected. Therefore, a study was initiated during 2009 using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) to identify risk factors responsible for high endemicity in this PHC. METHODS Bundu and Angara in Ranchi district were identified as high and low malaria endemic PHCs based on epidemiological data of three years (2007-09). The habitation, streams, other water body, landform, PHC and village boundary thematic maps were prepared using IRS-P6/LISS III-IV imageries and macro level breeding sites were identified. Digital elevation model (DEM) of the PHCs was generated using Cartosat Stereo Pair images and from DEM, slope map was derived to calculate flat area. From slope, aspect map was derived to indicate direction of water flow. Length of perennial streams, area under rocky terrain and buffer zones of 250, 500 and 750 m were constructed around streams. High resolution remote sensing imageries were used to identify micro level breeding sites. Based on macro-micro breeding sites, six villages from each PHC were selected randomly having combination of different parameters representing all ecotypes. Entomological data were collected during 2010-11 in pre- and post-monsoon seasons following standard techniques and analyzed statistically. Differential analysis was attempted to comprehend socioeconomic and other determinants associated with malaria transmission. RESULTS The study identified eight risk factors responsible for higher malaria endemicity in Bundu in comparison to Angara PHC based on ecological, entomological, socioeconomic and other local parameters. CONCLUSION Focused interventions in integrated vector management (IVM) mode are required to be carried out in the district for better management and control of disease.
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Behari J, Li H, Liu S, Stefanovic-Racic M, Alonso L, O'Donnell CP, Shiva S, Singamsetty S, Watanabe Y, Singh VP, Liu Q. β-catenin links hepatic metabolic zonation with lipid metabolism and diet-induced obesity in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:3284-98. [PMID: 25300578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
β-catenin regulates the establishment of hepatic metabolic zonation. To elucidate the functional significance of liver metabolic zonation in the chronically overfed state in vivo, we fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to hepatocyte-specific β-catenin transgenic (TG) and knockout (KO) mice. Chow-fed TG and KO mice had normal liver histologic findings and body weight. However, HFD-fed TG mice developed prominent perivenous steatosis with periportal sparing. In contrast, HFD-fed KO mice had increased lobular inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis. HFD-fed TG mice rapidly developed diet-induced obesity and systemic insulin resistance, but KO mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity. However, β-catenin did not directly affect hepatic insulin signaling, suggesting that the metabolic effects of β-catenin occurred via a parallel pathway. Hepatic expression of key glycolytic and lipogenic genes was higher in HFD-fed TG and lower in KO mice compared with wild-type mice. KO mice also exhibited defective hepatic fatty acid oxidation and fasting ketogenesis. Hepatic levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1α, an oxygen-sensitive transcriptional regulator of glycolysis and a known β-catenin binding partner, were higher in HFD-fed TG and lower in KO mice. KO mice had attenuated perivenous hypoxia, suggesting disruption of the normal sinusoidal oxygen gradient, a major determinant of liver carbohydrate and liver metabolism. Canonical Wnt signaling in hepatocytes is essential for the development of diet-induced fatty liver and obesity.
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Sarangi LN, Thomas P, Gupta SK, Kumar S, Viswas KN, Singh VP. Molecular Epidemiology of Pasteurella multocida Circulating in India by Multilocus Sequence Typing. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:e286-92. [PMID: 25209973 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), a sequence-based typing method for bacterial pathogens, is currently the best method for long-term epidemiological study and to understand the population structure of the bacteria. This investigation was carried out to study the diversity of Pasteurella multocida isolates circulating in India. Ten different sequence types (ST) identified in this study are ST 122 from cattle, goat, mithun and pig; ST 50 from pig; ST 9 from cattle and sheep; ST 229 from cattle and goat; ST 71 and ST 277 from cattle; and ST 129, ST 280, ST 281 and ST 282 from avian species. Of these, ST 277, ST 280, ST 281 and ST 282 were identified for the first time. The analysis of results provides novel epidemiological information on the circulation of multiple STs across India. The majority of STs or their variants identified in this study have already been reported from different parts of the globe. This suggests that probably transboundary spread of strains across countries and continents has occurred across evolutionary time and is still happening. The isolation of ST 122 from small ruminants and pigs suggests that these species may be included in the preventive vaccination policy for effective control of haemorrhagic septicaemia in India.
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Saxena R, Nagpal BN, Singh VP, Srivastava A, Dev V, Sharma MC, Gupta HP, Tomar AS, Sharma S, Gupta SK. Impact of deforestation on known malaria vectors in Sonitpur district of Assam, India. J Vector Borne Dis 2014; 51:211-215. [PMID: 25253214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES An alarming rate of deforestation has been reported from Sonitpur district of Assam, India therefore, a study was initiated during 2009 using remote sensing (RS) to assess deforested areas in the district and to study the impact on malaria vectors in order to formulate appropriate control strategy. METHODS RS imageries of 2000 and 2009 were used to assess deforested areas in the selected district. Entomological data were collected in four surveys during 2009-2011. The data were analyzed statistically using test of single proportions (χ 2 ) and pair-wise comparison. Vector incrimination was done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and entomological inoculation rate (EIR) was calculated to estimate transmission intensity. RESULTS The deforested areas were identified in north-western parts of Sonitpur district falling in Dhekiajuli Primary Health Centre (PHC). The forest cover of the PHC decreased >50% during 2000-2009. Five species of anopheline vectors were collected. Anopheles minimus sensu lato (s.l.) was collected least abundantly while An. culicifacies s.l. prevailed most abundantly and significant difference was observed between proportions of the collected vector species. Pair-wise comparison between An. culicifacies s.l. and An. minimus s.l. was also found statistically significant indicating that An. culicifacies s.l. is establishing its population in deforested areas. An. culicifacies s.l. was found ELISA positive and EIR was measured as 4.8 during transmission season. CONCLUSION An. culicifacies s.l. replaced An. minimus s.l., the vector of malaria in northeast India and was found ELISA positive, therefore could have possible role in malaria transmission in the deforested areas of the district.
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Singh VP, Venkateshwaran K, Singh HB, Butcher RJ. Crystal structure of 4-bromo- N-(2-bromo-3-nitrobenzyl)-2-nitronaphthalen-1-amine. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:o960-1. [PMID: 25309280 PMCID: PMC4186169 DOI: 10.1107/s160053681401719x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C17H11Br2N3O4, the dihedral angle between the planes of the naphthalene system and the benzene ring is 52.86 (8)°. The nitro substituent and the attached naphthalene system are almost coplanar [dihedral angle = 5.6 (4)°], probably as a consequence of an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond with the amine group. The nitro substituent attached to the benzene ring is disordered over two sets of sites with occupancies of 0.694 (3) and 0.306 (3). The major component deviates significantly from the ring plane [dihedral angle = 53.6 (2)°]. In the crystal, the molecules are linked into a three-dimensional array by extensive π–π interactions involving both the naphthalene and benzene rings [range of centroid–centroid distances = 3.5295 (16)–3.9629 (18) Å] and C—H...O interactions involving the methylene H atoms and the phenyl-attached nitro group.
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Singh VP, Poon JF, Butcher RJ, Engman L. Pyridoxine-Derived Organoselenium Compounds with Glutathione Peroxidase-Like and Chain-Breaking Antioxidant Activity. Chemistry 2014; 20:12563-71. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Singh VP. A27 Session 8: Gastrointestinal Cryotherapeutic Indications. Cryobiology 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pandey PK, Kass PH, Soupir ML, Biswas S, Singh VP. Contamination of water resources by pathogenic bacteria. AMB Express 2014; 4:51. [PMID: 25006540 PMCID: PMC4077002 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Water-borne pathogen contamination in water resources and related diseases are a major water quality concern throughout the world. Increasing interest in controlling water-borne pathogens in water resources evidenced by a large number of recent publications clearly attests to the need for studies that synthesize knowledge from multiple fields covering comparative aspects of pathogen contamination, and unify them in a single place in order to present and address the problem as a whole. Providing a broader perceptive of pathogen contamination in freshwater (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, groundwater) and saline water (estuaries and coastal waters) resources, this review paper attempts to develop the first comprehensive single source of existing information on pathogen contamination in multiple types of water resources. In addition, a comprehensive discussion describes the challenges associated with using indicator organisms. Potential impacts of water resources development on pathogen contamination as well as challenges that lie ahead for addressing pathogen contamination are also discussed.
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Patel KS, Noel P, Singh VP. Potential influence of intravenous lipids on the outcomes of acute pancreatitis. Nutr Clin Pract 2014; 29:291-4. [PMID: 24687866 DOI: 10.1177/0884533614527774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) has been associated with a higher rate of adverse outcomes compared with enteral feeding in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). However, PN may be necessary when feeding via the enteral route is poorly tolerated or impossible, and PN is recommended as a second-line nutrition therapy in AP. Intravenous (IV) lipids are commonly used as a part of PN in patients with AP. While the adverse outcomes related to the use of PN in AP have commonly been attributed to infectious complications, data suggest that the unsaturated fatty acids in the triglycerides used in IV lipids may contribute to the development of organ failure. We discuss the clinical and experimental data on this issue and the alternative lipid emulsions that are being studied.
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Singh VP, Fidler AF, Rolczynski BS, Engel GS. Independent phasing of rephasing and non-rephasing 2D electronic spectra. J Chem Phys 2014; 139:084201. [PMID: 24006987 DOI: 10.1063/1.4818808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Assigning absolute phase to two-dimensional (2D) third-order nonlinear optical signals generally requires acquiring both the rephasing and the non-rephasing signals and comparing the sum of the two to spectrally resolved pump-probe spectra. To date, however, Gradient Assisted Photon Echo Spectroscopy (GRAPES) has only been able to acquire rephasing spectra. Such a constraint requires a new phasing protocol. Here, we analytically prove that the rephasing and non-rephasing spectra can be phased independently using pump-probe signal. We verify this result holds even for finite duration pulses by simulation. This relationship holds for all 2D spectroscopies, not only GRAPES. In addition, we present improvements to GRAPES that enable acquisition of rephasing and non-rephasing signals in different phase-matched directions. We employ our phasing protocol to phase the data for laser dye IR-144, leading to reconstruction of purely absorptive 2D spectrum.
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Mahmoud AM, Ding X, Dutta D, Singh VP, Kim K. Detecting hepatic steatosis using ultrasound-induced thermal strain imaging: an ex vivo animal study. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:881-95. [PMID: 24487698 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/4/881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis or fatty liver disease occurs when lipids accumulate within the liver and can lead to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer and eventual liver failure requiring liver transplant. Conventional brightness mode (B-mode) ultrasound (US) is the most common noninvasive diagnostic imaging modality used to diagnose hepatic steatosis in clinics. However, it is mostly subjective or requires a reference organ such as the kidney or spleen with which to compare. This comparison can be problematic when the reference organ is diseased or absent. The current work presents an alternative approach to noninvasively detecting liver fat content using US-induced thermal strain imaging (US-TSI). This technique is based on the difference in the change in the speed of sound as a function of temperature between water- and lipid-based tissues. US-TSI was conducted using two system configurations including a mid-frequency scanner with a single linear array transducer (5-14 MHz) for both imaging and heating and a high-frequency (13-24 MHz) small animal imaging system combined with a separate custom-designed US heating transducer array. Fatty livers (n = 10) with high fat content (45.6 ± 11.7%) from an obese mouse model and control livers (n = 10) with low fat content (4.8 ± 2.9%) from wild-type mice were embedded in gelatin. Then, US imaging was performed before and after US induced heating. Heating time periods of ∼ 3 s and ∼ 9.2 s were used for the mid-frequency imaging and high-frequency imaging systems, respectively, to induce temperature changes of approximately 1.5 °C. The apparent echo shifts that were induced as a result of sound speed change were estimated using 2D phase-sensitive speckle tracking. Following US-TSI, histology was performed to stain lipids and measure percentage fat in the mouse livers. Thermal strain measurements in fatty livers (-0.065 ± 0.079%) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those measured in control livers (-0.124 ± 0.037%). Using histology as a gold standard to classify mouse livers, US-TSI had a sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 90%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.775. This ex vivo study demonstrates the feasibility of using US-TSI to detect fatty livers and warrants further investigation of US-TSI as a diagnostic tool for hepatic steatosis.
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Acharya C, Navina S, Singh VP. Role of pancreatic fat in the outcomes of pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2014; 14:403-8. [PMID: 25278311 PMCID: PMC4185152 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of obesity in relation to various disease processes is being increasingly studied, with reports over the last several years increasingly mentioning its association with worse outcomes in acute disease. Obesity has also gained recognition as a risk factor for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).The mortality in SAP may be as high as 30% and is usually attributable to multi system organ failure (MSOF) earlier in the disease, and complications of necrotizing pancreatitis later [9-11]. To date there is no specific treatment for acute pancreatitis (AP) and the management is largely expectant and supportive. Obesity in general has also been associated with poor outcomes in sepsis and other pathological states including trauma and burns. With the role of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) as propagators in SAP having recently come to light and with the recognition of acute lipotoxicity, there is now an opportunity to explore different strategies to reduce the mortality and morbidity in SAP and potentially other disease states associated with such a pathophysiology. In this review we will discuss the role of fat and implications of the consequent acute lipotoxicity on the outcomes of acute pancreatitis in lean and obese states and during acute on chronic pancreatitis.
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Singh VP, Banerji AK. Head injury due to vehicular accidents. Neurol India 2014; 62:585-7. [DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.149356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bresin M, Nadimpally BR, Nehru N, Singh VP, Hastings JT. Site-specific growth of CdS nanostructures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:505305. [PMID: 24284283 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/50/505305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The authors report the successful site-specific deposition of cadmium sulfide (CdS) using a focused electron beam and a liquid-phase solution of cadmium salts and thiourea as the primary reagents. Nanostructures with a minimum feature size of 84 nm are patterned with little to no extraneous deposition. The composition and phase of the CdS nanostructures is investigated by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Critically, these results demonstrate one-step patterning of a semiconducting material from a multi-reagent liquid precursor.
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Singh VP, Poon JF, Engman L. Catalytic Antioxidants: Regenerable Tellurium Analogues of Vitamin E. Org Lett 2013; 15:6274-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol403131t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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198
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Acharya C, Cline RA, Jaligama D, Noel P, Delany JP, Bae K, Furlan A, Baty CJ, Karlsson JM, Rosario BL, Patel K, Mishra V, Durgampudi C, Yadav D, Navina S, Singh VP. Fibrosis reduces severity of acute-on-chronic pancreatitis in humans. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:466-75. [PMID: 23684709 PMCID: PMC3964816 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) share etiologies, but AP can be more severe and is associated with a higher rate of mortality. We investigated features of CP that protect against severe disease. The amount of intrapancreatic fat (IPF) is increased in obese patients and fibrosis is increased in patients with CP, so we studied whether fibrosis or fat regulate severity of AP attacks in patients with CP. METHODS We reviewed records from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center/Presbyterian Hospital Autopsy Database (1998-2008) for patients with a diagnosis of AP (n = 23), CP (n = 35), or both (AP-on-CP; n = 15). Pancreatic histology samples from these patients and 50 randomly selected controls (no pancreatic disease) were analyzed, and IPF data were correlated with computed tomography data. An adipocyte and acinar cell Transwell coculture system, with or without collagen type I, was used to study the effects of fibrosis on acinar-adipocyte interactions. We studied the effects of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and adipokines on acinar cells in culture. RESULTS Levels of IPF were significantly higher in nonobese patients with CP than in nonobese controls. In patients with CP or AP-on-CP, areas of IPF were surrounded by significantly more fibrosis than in controls or patients with AP. Fat necrosis-associated peri-fat acinar necrosis (PFAN, indicated by NEFA spillage) contributed to most of the necrosis observed in samples from patients with AP; however, findings of peri-fat acinar necrosis and total necrosis were significantly lower in samples from patients with CP or AP-on-CP. Fibrosis appeared to wall off the fat necrosis and limit peri-fat acinar necrosis, reducing acinar necrosis. In vitro, collagen I limited the lipolytic flux between acinar cells and adipocytes and prevented increases in adipokines in the acinar compartment. This was associated with reduced acinar cell necrosis. However, NEFAs, but not adipokines, caused acinar cell necrosis. CONCLUSIONS Based on analysis of pancreatic samples from patients with CP, AP, or AP-on-CP and in vitro studies, fibrosis reduces the severity of acute exacerbations of CP by reducing lipolytic flux between adipocytes and acinar cells.
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Mishra V, Cline R, Noel P, Karlsson J, Baty CJ, Orlichenko L, Patel K, Trivedi RN, Husain SZ, Acharya C, Durgampudi C, Stolz DB, Navina S, Singh VP. Src Dependent Pancreatic Acinar Injury Can Be Initiated Independent of an Increase in Cytosolic Calcium. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66471. [PMID: 23824669 PMCID: PMC3688910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several deleterious intra-acinar phenomena are simultaneously triggered on initiating acute pancreatitis. These culminate in acinar injury or inflammatory mediator generation in vitro and parenchymal damage in vivo. Supraphysiologic caerulein is one such initiator which simultaneously activates numerous signaling pathways including non-receptor tyrosine kinases such as of the Src family. It also causes a sustained increase in cytosolic calcium- a player thought to be crucial in regulating deleterious phenomena. We have shown Src to be involved in caerulein induced actin remodeling, and caerulein induced changes in the Golgi and post-Golgi trafficking to be involved in trypsinogen activation, which initiates acinar cell injury. However, it remains unclear whether an increase in cytosolic calcium is necessary to initiate acinar injury or if injury can be initiated at basal cytosolic calcium levels by an alternate pathway. To study the interplay between tyrosine kinase signaling and calcium, we treated mouse pancreatic acinar cells with the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate. We studied the effect of the clinically used Src inhibitor Dasatinib (BMS-354825) on pervanadate or caerulein induced changes in Src activation, trypsinogen activation, cell injury, upstream cytosolic calcium, actin and Golgi morphology. Pervanadate, like supraphysiologic caerulein, induced Src activation, redistribution of the F-actin from its normal location in the sub-apical area to the basolateral areas, and caused antegrade fragmentation of the Golgi. These changes, like those induced by supraphysiologic caerulein, were associated with trypsinogen activation and acinar injury, all of which were prevented by Dasatinib. Interestingly, however, pervanadate did not cause an increase in cytosolic calcium, and the caerulein induced increase in cytosolic calcium was not affected by Dasatinib. These findings suggest that intra-acinar deleterious phenomena may be initiated independent of an increase in cytosolic calcium. Other players resulting in acinar injury along with the Src family of tyrosine kinases remain to be explored.
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Poon JF, Singh VP, Engman L. In Search of Catalytic Antioxidants—(Alkyltelluro)phenols, (Alkyltelluro)resorcinols, and Bis(alkyltelluro)phenols. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6008-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400703w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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