76
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Ito C, Itoigawa M, Otsuka T, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Furukawa H. Constituents of Boronia pinnata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2000; 63:1344-1348. [PMID: 11076549 DOI: 10.1021/np0000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel quinolone, pinolinone (1); seven new phenylpropanoids, boropinols A (2), B (3), C (4), boropinals A (5), B (6), C (7), and boropinic acid (8); and a new lignan, boropinan (9), were isolated from the roots of Boronia pinnata, and their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS analyses. In a search for novel cancer chemopreventive agents (antitumor-promoters), we screened 10 compounds isolated from the plant for their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in Raji cells. Boropinic acid (8) and 4'-hydroxy-3'-prenylcinnamaldehyde were observed to significantly inhibit the EBV-EA activation.
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77
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Jacquemond-Collet I, Hannedouche S, Fourasté I, Moulis C. Novel quinoline alkaloid from trunk bark of Galipea officinalis. Fitoterapia 2000; 71:605-6. [PMID: 11449523 DOI: 10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The isolation of N-methyl-4-hydroxy-3-(2',3'-epoxyisobutyl)-2-quinolone (1), a new natural compound, and candicine (2) from Galipea officinalis trunk bark is reported. This is the first report of candicine in the genus Galipea.
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78
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Fokialakis N, Magiatis P, Skaltsounis AL, Tillequin F, Sévenet T. The structure of sarcomejine: an application of long-range (1)H-(15)N correlation at natural abundance. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2000; 63:1004-1005. [PMID: 10924187 DOI: 10.1021/np000083x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new 4(1H)-quinolinone alkaloid, sarcomejine (1), has been isolated from the bark of Sarcomelicope megistophylla. Its structure has been elucidated on the basis of MS and NMR data and especially with a long-range (1)H-(15)N correlation NMR spectrum at natural abundance.
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79
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Hamasaki N, Ishii E, Tominaga K, Tezuka Y, Nagaoka T, Kadota S, Kuroki T, Yano I. Highly selective antibacterial activity of novel alkyl quinolone alkaloids from a Chinese herbal medicine, Gosyuyu (Wu-Chu-Yu), against Helicobacter pylori in vitro. Microbiol Immunol 2000; 44:9-15. [PMID: 10711594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2000.tb01240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the antibacterial activity of Gosyuyu, the crude extract from the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa, a Chinese herbal medicine, has been fractionated chromatographically, and each fraction was assayed for antibacterial activity against Helicobacterpylori (H. pylori) in vitro. As the result, a single spot having marked antibacterial activity against H. pylori was obtained and the chemical structure was analyzed. The isolated compound was revealed to be a novel alkyl quinolone alkaloid based on the solubility, IR spectra, NMR analysis and mass spectrometric data after purification by TLC of silica. We compared the antimicrobial activity of this compound with that of other antimicrobial agents and examined susceptibility of various intestinal pathogens. As the result, the new quinolone compounds obtained from Gosyuyu extracts were found to be a mixture of two quinolone alkaloids, 1-methyl-2-[(Z)-8-tridecenyl]-4-(1H)-quinolone and 1-methyl-2-[(Z)-7-tridecenyl]-4-(1H)-quinolone (MW: 339), reported previously. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these compounds against reference strains and clinically isolated H. pylori strains were less than 0.05 microg/ml, which was similar to the MIC of amoxicillin and clarithromycin that are used worldwide for the eradication of H. pylori, clinically. Furthermore, it was noted that the antimicrobial activity of these compounds was highly selective against H. pylori and almost non-active against other intestinal pathogens. The above results showed that these alkyl methyl quinolone (AM quinolones) alkaloids were useful for the eradication of H. pylori without affecting other intestinal flora.
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80
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Smith AR, Kirchhoff JR, Zhang Z, Tillekeratne LM, Hudson RA. Separation of the enzyme cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone and three isomeric analogues by capillary electrophoresis with ion-pairing media. J Chromatogr A 2000; 876:193-9. [PMID: 10823514 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) was successfully separated from three closely related isomeric analogues by capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection. Rapid and efficient separation of all four negatively charged isomers with baseline resolution was achieved by the addition of low concentrations (1-5 mM) of short chain tetraalkylammonium (TAA) salts to the capillary buffer. The TAA cations act as ion-pairing agents and promote differential migration of the isomers with only a minimal reduction in the electroosmotic flow. The effects of the TAA salt concentration and the alkyl chain length were examined. Detection limits of PQQ and its isomers were in the range of 7-15 microM with mass detection limits of 98-210 fmol.
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81
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Rho TC, Bae EA, Kim DH, Oh WK, Kim BY, Ahn JS, Lee HS. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of quinolone alkaloids from Evodiae fructus. Biol Pharm Bull 1999; 22:1141-3. [PMID: 10549874 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.22.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A biologically monitored fractionation of methanol extract of the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa led to the isolation of six quinolone alkaloids, evocarpine (1), 1-methyl-2-[(4Z,7Z)-4,7-tridecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (2), 1-methyl-2-[(6Z,9Z)-6,9-pentadecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolo ne (3), 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone (4), dihydroevocarpine (5), 1-methyl-2-pentadecyl-4(1H)-quinolone (6). They showed potent anti-Helicobacter pylori activity with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 10-20 microg/ml. However, they had no effect on Helicobacter pylori urease activity at the concentration of 300 microg/ml.
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82
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Pesci EC, Milbank JB, Pearson JP, McKnight S, Kende AS, Greenberg EP, Iglewski BH. Quinolone signaling in the cell-to-cell communication system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:11229-34. [PMID: 10500159 PMCID: PMC18016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.20.11229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 777] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous species of bacteria use an elegant regulatory mechanism known as quorum sensing to control the expression of specific genes in a cell-density dependent manner. In Gram-negative bacteria, quorum sensing systems function through a cell-to-cell signal molecule (autoinducer) that consists of a homoserine lactone with a fatty acid side chain. Such is the case in the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which contains two quorum sensing systems (las and rhl) that operate via the autoinducers, N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone and N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone. The study of these signal molecules has shown that they bind to and activate transcriptional activator proteins that specifically induce numerous P. aeruginosa virulence genes. We report here that P. aeruginosa produces another signal molecule, 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone, which has been designated as the Pseudomonas quinolone signal. It was found that this unique cell-to-cell signal controlled the expression of lasB, which encodes for the major virulence factor, LasB elastase. We also show that the synthesis and bioactivity of Pseudomonas quinolone signal were mediated by the P. aeruginosa las and rhl quorum sensing systems, respectively. The demonstration that 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone can function as an intercellular signal sheds light on the role of secondary metabolites and shows that P. aeruginosa cell-to-cell signaling is not restricted to acyl-homoserine lactones.
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83
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Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), otherwise known as methoxatin, is a water-soluble, redox-cycling orthoquinone that was initially isolated from cultures of methylotropic bacteria. It has been found to be a cofactor of some bacterial alcohol dehydrogenases, and is present in many animal tissues. It may be a novel vitamin because it has been shown to be essential for normal growth and development. The redox-cycling ability of PQQ enables it to scavenge or generate superoxide. When fed to animals as a supplement, PQQ prevents oxidative changes that would ordinarily occur. It has been reported to inhibit glutamate decarboxylase activity and protect against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated neurotoxicity in the brain. It appears that in the whole animal, however, PQQ does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, it increases nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis in mouse astroglial cells, but has to be bound to glycine to penetrate and exert this effect in whole brain. It may therefore be regarded as a "Janus faced" molecule, with its potential for a therapeutic role in the brain still in question.
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84
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Heguy A, Cai P, Meyn P, Houck D, Russo S, Michitsch R, Pearce C, Katz B, Bringmann G, Feineis D, Taylor DL, Tyms AS. Isolation and characterization of the fungal metabolite 3-O-methylviridicatin as an inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor alpha-induced human immunodeficiency virus replication. Antivir Chem Chemother 1998; 9:149-55. [PMID: 9875386 DOI: 10.1177/095632029800900206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) has been shown to play a role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication by activating transcription of the provirus in both T cells and macrophages. Therefore, agents that block TNF-alpha-induced HIV expression could have therapeutic value in the treatment of AIDS. We have sought to identify antiviral agents that block TNF-alpha induction of HIV LTR-directed transcription, using a cell-based, virus-free assay system in automated high-throughput screening. HeLa cells were transfected with an HIV LTR-luciferase reporter plasmid and a stable line was isolated in which TNF-alpha increased luciferase production by two- to threefold. This cell line was used to screen approximately 15,000 fungal extracts. An inhibitory activity specific for TNF-alpha-induced HIV LTR transcription was observed in culture OS-F67406. The active component was isolated and identified as a known metabolite, 3-O-methylviridicatin, by NMR and mass spectrometry. No biological activity has been associated with this compound previously. This compound blocks TNF-alpha activation of the HIV LTR in the HeLa-based system, with an IC50 of 5 microM, and inhibited virus production in the OM-10.1 cell line, a model of chronic infection responsive to induction by TNF-alpha, with an IC50 of 2.5 microM.
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85
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Murata K, Seya K, Miki I, Junke H, Motomura S, Oshima Y. [Pharmacological properties of pteleprenine, a quinoline alkaloid from Orixa japonica (Rutaceae), in guinea pig ileum and canine left atrium]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1997; 110 Suppl 1:148P-152P. [PMID: 9503423 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.110.supplement_148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the pharmacological properties of pteleprenine, a quinoline alkaloid contained in the Rutaceous plant, Orixa japonica, on the contractile responses of the guinea pig ileum and on the inotropic responses of the canine left atrium. Contractile responses of the ileum to acetylcholine and histamine were not inhibited by less than 10(-6) M of pteleprenine. Meanwhile, the nicotine induced-contraction of the ileum was dose-dependently diminished by pteleprenine, but the contractile response to nicotine did not reach the maximum value in the presence of 10(-5) M of pteleprenine. The pA2 value of pteleprenine was 6.6 as determined from the Schild plot, which slope was nearly unity. Furthermore, the contraction of the ileum by 10(-5) M of 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP), a specific agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, was also dose-dependently suppressed by pteleprenine. On the other hand, 10(-5) M of pteleprenine did not have considerable inhibitory effects on acetylcholine- and nicotine-induced negative inotropic effects in the canine left atrium. From these results, it is suggested that pteleprenine has a specific inhibitory effect on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the guinea pig ileum.
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86
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Venables DA, Concepción GP, Matsumoto SS, Barrows LR, Ireland CM. Makaluvamine N: a new pyrroloiminoquinone from Zyzzya fuliginosa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 1997; 60:408-410. [PMID: 9134749 DOI: 10.1021/np9607262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Makaluvamine N (1), a new pyrroloiminoquinone, was isolated from the Philippine sponge Zyzzya fuliginosa, together with the known compounds makaluvamines A, C, D, E (2-5), and I (6). The structure of 1 was determined by spectroscopic investigation. Makaluvamine N demonstrated an ability to inhibit the catalytic activity of topoisomerase II.
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87
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Kamigiri K, Tokunaga T, Shibazaki M, Setiawan B, Rantiatmodjo RM, Morioka M, Suzuki K. YM-30059, a novel quinolone antibiotic produced by Arthrobacter sp. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1996; 49:823-5. [PMID: 8823519 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.49.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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88
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Paz MA, Martin P, Flückiger R, Mah J, Gallop PM. The catalysis of redox cycling by pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), PQQ derivatives, and isomers and the specificity of inhibitors. Anal Biochem 1996; 238:145-9. [PMID: 8660603 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1996.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a widely distributed redox-active cofactor and essential nutrient. For its detection in protein-free ultrafiltrates or dialysates, a highly sensitive amplification assay was developed on the basis of PQQ's ability to catalyze redox cycling at pH 10 in the presence of excess glycine, oxygen, and nitro blue tetrazolium. Herein, we examine the propensities of PQQ, PQQ triester, and its various isomers, and certain PQQ triester derivatives, to catalyze glycine-fueled redox cycling and show that PQQ is the most capable of catalyzing redox cycling. Furthermore, PQQ has a unique pattern of inhibition induced by a series of PQQ antagonists of different potencies. The data indicate that putative PQQ from a biological sample, separated by HPLC and detected by the glycine-fueled redox-cycling assay, can be further identified as PQQ based on the profile of inhibition it displays with the antagonists such as those employed in this study. The methodology presented here should facilitate the specific detection of PQQ in biological samples.
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89
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Arai T, Nimura N, Kinoshita T. Investigation of enantioselective separation of quinolonecarboxylic acids by capillary zone electrophoresis using vancomycin as a chiral selector. J Chromatogr A 1996; 736:303-11. [PMID: 8673250 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)01368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
When a chiral selector that is a pharmaceutical compound is added to the separation buffer in capillary electrophoresis, the enantioselectivity and the mobility of analytes which interact with that chiral selector may be altered. The changes in enantioselectivity and mobility of the analyte are a function of the strength of the affinity interaction, which depends on the structure of each. The macrocyclic antibiotic vancomycin contains a variety of functionalities that are known to be useful for enantioselective interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding groups, hydrophobic pockets, aromatic groups, amide linkages). Capillary electrophoresis with vancomycin as a buffer additive was used to separate the enantiomers of different compounds. In this study, the chiral separation of quinolonecarboxylic acids that exhibit marked antibacterial activity and of related compounds was achieved by capillary electrophoresis using vancomycin. The correlations between the separation parameters and analyte structures were investigated. The molecular interaction, which is based on the differences of structure, and the effect of experimental parameters on the enantioselective separation between the quinolonecarboxylic acids and vancomycin are discussed.
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90
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Matsuoka M, Banno K, Sato T. Analytical chiral separation of a new quinolone compound in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1996; 676:117-24. [PMID: 8852051 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Two methods for the separation of a new racemic quinolone compound, temafloxacin (TMFX), in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were studied. The first method was coupling of TMFX to S-(-)-N-1-(2-naphthyl sulfonyl)-2-pyrrolidine carbonylchloride (L-NSPC). The diastereomeric derivatives were separated on a silica gel column. The second method was separation on a chiral stationary phase with an ovomucoid conjugated to aminopropyl silica gel. Two enantiospecific methods gave a satisfactory result concerning both accuracy and precision, and the second method was superior to the first one for chromatographic separation. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers after oral administration of racemic TMFX to healthy volunteers was investigated by the second method.
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91
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Lavaud C, Massiot G, Vasquez C, Moretti C, Sauvain M, Balderrama L. 4-Quinolinone alkaloids from Dictyoloma peruviana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1995; 40:317-320. [PMID: 7546553 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The stem-bark of Dictyoloma peruviana yielded two new piperidino [1,2-a] 4-quinolinones, dictyolomide A and dictyolomide B. Their structures were established by NMR spectroscopy.
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92
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Zhang Z, Tillekeratne LM, Kirchhoff JR, Hudson RA. High performance liquid chromatographic separation and pH-dependent electrochemical properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone and three closely related isomeric analogues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 212:41-7. [PMID: 7612016 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone 1 (PQQ, methoxatin, 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid) is a novel coenzyme. Closely related isomeric analogues of PQQ may be formed in nature and may possess PQQ-like functions. Here, the electrochemical pH-dependent properties and the high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation protocols are reported for three major isomeric PQQ analogues likely to be formed in nature. The electrochemical data (cyclic voltammetry) provided the pKas of the five ionizable groups in each isomeric PQQ. The HPLC protocols provide the means of investigating the formation of PQQ and the PQQ isomers reported here during the normal turnover of eukaryotic amine oxidases containing integral topaquinone residues, as well as from direct enzyme-mediated reactions which remain to be characterized.
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93
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Perrett S, Whitfield PJ. Atanine (3-dimethylallyl-4-methoxy-2-quinolone), an alkaloid with anthelmintic activity from the Chinese medicinal plant, Evodia rutaecarpa. PLANTA MEDICA 1995; 61:276-278. [PMID: 7617774 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-958073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical studies using a range of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques coupled with in vitro bioassays against larval Schistosoma mansoni, L4 larvae of Ostertagia circumcincta, and adults and larvae of Caenorhabditis elegans have led to the isolation of an active anthelmintic compound in the Chinese medicinal plant Evodia rutaecarpa (Rutaceae) and its identification as atanine (3-dimethylallyl-4-methoxy-2-quinolone). Atanine has not previously been found to possess antiparasitic activity.
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94
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Toyama H, Fujii A, Matsushita K, Shinagawa E, Ameyama M, Adachi O. Three distinct quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases are expressed when Pseudomonas putida is grown on different alcohols. J Bacteriol 1995; 177:2442-50. [PMID: 7730276 PMCID: PMC176903 DOI: 10.1128/jb.177.9.2442-2450.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A bacterial strain that can utilize several kinds of alcohols as its sole carbon and energy sources was isolated from soil and tentatively identified as Pseudomonas putida HK5. Three distinct dye-linked alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs), each of which contained the prosthetic group pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), were formed in the soluble fractions of this strain grown on different alcohols. ADH I was formed most abundantly in the cells grown on ethanol and was similar to the quinoprotein ADH reported for P. putida (H. Görisch and M. Rupp, Antonie Leeuwenhoek 56:35-45, 1989) except for its isoelectric point. The other two ADHs, ADH IIB and ADH IIG, were formed separately in the cells grown on 1-butanol and 1,2-propanediol, respectively. Both of these enzymes contained heme c in addition to PQQ and functioned as quinohemoprotein dehydrogenases. Potassium ferricyanide was an available electron acceptor for ADHs IIB and IIG but not for ADH I. The molecular weights were estimated to be 69,000 for ADH IIB and 72,000 for ADH IIG, and both enzymes were shown to be monomers. Antibodies raised against each of the purified ADHs could distinguish the ADHs from one another. Immunoblot analysis showed that ADH I was detected in cells grown on each alcohol tested, but ethanol was the most effective inducer. ADH IIB was formed in the cells grown on alcohols of medium chain length and also on 1,3-butanediol. Induction of ADH IIG was restricted to 1,2-propanediol or glycerol, of which the former alcohol was more effective. These results from immunoblot analysis correlated well with the substrate specificities of the respective enzymes. Thus, three distinct quinoprotein ADHs were shown to be synthesized by a single bacterium under different growth conditions.
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95
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Unkefer CJ, Houck DR, Britt BM, Sosnick TR, Hanners JL. Biogenesis of pyrroloquinoline quinone from 3C-labeled tyrosine. Methods Enzymol 1995; 258:227-35. [PMID: 8524153 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(95)58049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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96
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Flückiger R, Paz MA, Gallop PM. Redox-cycling detection of dialyzable pyrroloquinoline quinone and quinoproteins. Methods Enzymol 1995; 258:140-9. [PMID: 8524146 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(95)58043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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97
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Abstract
PQQ, also called methoxatin, has been isolated from guinea-pig neutrophils. The organic cations diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and diphenyliodonium (BPI) and the aromatic o-diamine 4,5-dimethylphenylenediamine (DIMPDA) sequester synthetic PQQ and inhibit its redox-cycling activity in a model system. Standards were made of adducts of tritiated PQQ with unlabeled DIMPDA and of unlabeled PQQ with tritiated DPI or DIMPDA. PQQ adducts were isolated from guinea-pig neutrophils with each of the tritiated inhibitors. They were separated and defined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Tiron, a disodium benzene disulphonic acid, broke the DPI-PQQ adduct isolated from neutrophils and released free PQQ. Both DPI and DIMPDA, as well as BPI, blocked O2.- release by stimulated neutrophils. The blockade exerted by these inhibitors was released by the addition of PQQ to the cell suspensions. The data demonstrate the presence of PQQ in guinea-pig neutrophils and suggest that it has a possible role, direct or indirect, in the O2.(-)-producing respiratory burst.
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98
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Basco LK, Mitaku S, Skaltsounis AL, Ravelomanantsoa N, Tillequin F, Koch M, Le Bras J. In vitro activities of furoquinoline and acridone alkaloids against Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38:1169-71. [PMID: 8067758 PMCID: PMC188171 DOI: 10.1128/aac.38.5.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activities of furo[2,3b]quinoline and acridone alkaloids against Plasmodium falciparum were evaluated by an isotopic semimicrotest. A pyran ring in the furoquinoline nucleus and 2-O-pyranoglycoside and 2-nitro substituents in the acridone nucleus improved the antimalarial activities of the compounds. These findings provide a clue for further chemical modifications.
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99
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Okunade AL, Hufford CD, Richardson MD, Peterson JR, Clark AM. Antimicrobial properties of alkaloids from Xanthorhiza simplicissima. J Pharm Sci 1994; 83:404-6. [PMID: 8207690 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600830327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The organic extract of the whole plant Xanthorhiza simplicissima was found to exhibit good activity against the AIDS-related opportunistic pathogens Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Mycobacterium intracellularae. Bioassay-directed fractionation of the extract led to the isolation of the known alkaloid berberine as the major active component. A second alkaloid of the isohomoprotoberberine family, puntarenine, was isolated from this plant family for the first time. Puntarenine also showed marginal activity against the dermatophytic fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Carlucci G, Cilli A, Liberato M, Mazzeo P. Determination of lomefloxacin in human plasma by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1993; 11:1105-8. [PMID: 8123720 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(93)80089-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of lomefloxacin in human plasma has been developed and validated. A solid-phase extraction procedure was used to isolate lomefloxacin from the biological matrix prior to the quantitative analysis. The compound was separated on a Vydac anion-exchange column using acetonitrile-phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) as the mobile phase and quantified by measuring its UV absorbance at 280 nm. The lower limit of detection for the analyte was 0.05 micrograms ml-1. Enoxacin was used as the internal standard. The calibration graph of the method was linear from 0.1 to 10 micrograms ml-1 of lomefloxacin in human plasma. This procedure is suitable for pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies of lomefloxacin.
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