[Prague's study of illegitimate children, part 2. Changes in mothers' family status]

The authors examine changes in the status of 327 single mothers in Czechoslovakia as part of a long-term study on the development of children born to unmarried parents. "There prevails the tendency to conclude marriage with [the] father or at least to live in a permanent union with another man. The number of single [mothers] remains rather low and the tendency towards creating matrimonial families thus predominates." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)

[Fertility of women married before 1800 at Jablonec nad Nisou]

Using data from parish registers and family reconstitution methods, the authors analyze fertility levels and trends for women married before 1800 in the town of Jablonec nad Nisou, Czech Republic. "Analyzing matrimonial fertility of these families we have found...that during the whole 18th century the level of matrimonial fertility...was stable.... The number of children in a family depended on the age of woman at the time of marriage and length of marriage duration." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)

Three types of birthrates in the USSR: stages of demographic transition

"Regional differences in birthrate indicators, which are primarily associated with different stages of the demographic transition, are examined in three typical USSR republics: post-transitional (Estonia), transitional (Azerbaijan), and pre-transitional (Tajikistan). Demographic transition theory in the explanation and forecasting of birthrate trends is discussed. It is concluded that the experience of the USSR supports the universal nature of this theory."

[Ethnodemography: problems and priorities]

"The author [suggests] that Bulgarian ethnodemography should study the ethnic 'cross section' of demographic processes on three levels: first, in the European context; second, on the regional (Balkan) level, and third, on the national (including subnational) level." The focus is on mapping the ethnic groups of Bulgaria. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Availability of quality vaccines: policies of a non-government organization

The availability of vaccines, or any other health service, depends upon, first, the existence of a reliable system of delivery, and the effective management of this system to reach the target population and, second, the acceptance by parents or guardians of the value of the vaccine in preventing death and disability in young children and their mothers. This system must be fully funded and resourced for the foreseeable future if the service is to be sustainable. Today the major obstacles to effective immunization of young children in developing countries is the inadequate, insecure and unpredictable availability of funds and their management. Unless these problems are addressed and solved, the immunization targets set by the World Health Assembly (WHA) will not be met.

Recent studies on migration in Poland

The author reviews studies conducted between 1985 and 1990 concerning the impact of migration on socioeconomic development in Poland. The focus is on the consequences of rural-urban movement. "According to the results of [the] analysis, the demographic consequences of migration are...significant for rural areas, especially the ones showing large and long-term population outflow. The consequences of this stream of migration are not significant for the population situation on a nation-wide scale."

Regional population projections: a multiple base-point approach

Some alternative population projections are presented for Poland's major regions, based on a series of selected base years from 1977 to 1985. The author "interprets the corresponding observed demographic patterns as alternative model patterns on which consecutive projection runs are based." The projections, which are extended to 2050, exclude estimates for international migration.

[Disaggregation of age coefficients by region]

"A method of estimating coefficients of demographic events by age for a fixed region is proposed. The established coefficients for a bigger region are [disaggregated in order to obtain] adequate values of coefficients for...smaller regions...." The geographical focus is on Bulgaria. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)

[A brief outline of demographic development in Bulgaria]

The author reviews the major demographic trends of the twentieth century in Bulgaria. "The results from the analysis show that the demographic development of Bulgaria especially in the years after 1950 differs very little from the developed, urbanized and industrialized countries. The common features are: development towards [replacement] fertility, [lower mortality rates], zero natural growth [leading] to an increasing life expectancy at birth, [and] population ageing...." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)

[Maternal mortality in Bulgaria during the period 1964-1990]

"An exhaustive study on...mortality from complications of pregnancy, child birth and puerperium has been conducted. A steady and significant reduction of the maternal mortality in Bulgaria during the period 1964-1990 has been established.... The author points out the significant proportion of spontaneous and illegal abortions, relating it to the restrictive regime...abolished only in 1990, as well as to the long lasting minimal availability of contemporary contraceptives in Bulgaria." (SUMMARY IN ENG)