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Kuroda H, Jamiyan T, Yamaguchi R, Kakumoto A, Abe A, Harada O, Enkhbat B, Masunaga A. Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes and plasma cells in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2021; 28:904-14. [PMID: 33629216 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent investigations have demonstrated that the tumor microenvironment, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), is an important factor in tumor growth and development. While the prognostic correlation of tumor-infiltrating T cells has been widely studied in breast cancer, that of tumor-infiltrating B cells and plasma cells has not received so much attention, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods We investigated 114 patients with TNBC who had surgery between 2006 and 2019 at Dokkyo Medical University Hospital. Intratumoral (i) TILs were considered to be lymphocytes within cancer cell nests and directly infiltrating tumor cells. Similarly, stromal (s) TILs were considered to be lymphocytes within the tumor stroma, but not directly infiltrating tumor cells. CD20 + , CD38 + and CD138 + staining was determined by estimating the number of positive B cells. Results sCD20 + TILs had prognostic significance for relapse-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.043) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.027). The sCD38 + TILs were significantly related to favorable RFS (p = 0.042). iCD38, iCD138, and sCD138 was not significantly correlated with RFS (p = 0.065, p = 0.719, p = 0.074) or OS (p = 0.071, p = 0.689, p = 0.082). Conclusions The present study demonstrated that a high density of sCD20 + TILs was significantly related to favorable prognosis in both RFS and OS. Increased sCD38 + TILs in TNBC were correlated with a significantly favorable prognosis in RFS. These results indicate that TILs–B may have a profound influence on the clinical outcome of TNBC.
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Huang H, Zhu J, Yao M, Kim TM, Yoon DH, Cho SG, Eom HS, Lim ST, Yeh SP, Song Y, Kwong YL, Kim JS, Jin J, Shi Y, Kim H, Qing M, Zhou T, Gao G, Dong Z, Qi M, Kim WS. Daratumumab monotherapy for patients with relapsed or refractory natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 study. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:25. [PMID: 33588922 PMCID: PMC7885403 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a disease with limited treatment options and poor outcomes. Daratumumab monotherapy demonstrated clinical activity in a single-patient case report. We present data from the primary analysis of a phase 2 study of daratumumab monotherapy in relapsed or refractory (R/R) NKTCL. Methods This phase 2 study with Simon’s two-stage design evaluated daratumumab in patients with histologically confirmed extranodal NKTCL, nasal type, per WHO classification that was refractory to or relapsed after ≥ 1 line of chemotherapy, who were not candidates for other treatment modalities. All patients received daratumumab 16 mg/kg intravenously once weekly for Cycles 1 and 2, every other week for Cycles 3 through 6, and every 4 weeks thereafter until progression or unacceptable toxicity; all cycles were 28 days. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) based on blinded independent central review per Revised Criteria for Response Assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (Lugano classification).
Results In total, 32 Asian patients received daratumumab. The ORR was 25.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.5–43.4); all 8 responders had a partial response; and the median duration of response was 55.0 days (95% CI 29–339). At 10.2 months of median follow-up, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 53.0 days (95% CI 43–106); the 4-month PFS rate was 13.0%. Median overall survival (OS) was 141.0 days (95% CI 94–438); the 6-month OS rate was 42.9%. Nineteen (59.4%) patients had grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs); the most common was thrombocytopenia (25.0%; n = 8). TEAEs leading to death occurred in 4 patients (death, respiratory failure, septic shock, and pneumonia); all were unrelated to daratumumab.
Conclusions In patients with R/R NKTCL, daratumumab monotherapy was well tolerated with no new safety concerns and achieved an ORR of 25.0%. However, no patients achieved complete response, and duration of response was short. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02927925. Registered 7 October 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Zhu
- Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yao
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dok Hyun Yoon
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Soon Thye Lim
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su-Peng Yeh
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Jin Seok Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jie Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - HyeJin Kim
- Janssen (China) Research & Development, Beijing, China
| | - Min Qing
- Janssen (China) Research & Development, AP Center of Excellence, Translational Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhou
- Janssen (China) Research & Development, AP Center of Excellence, Translational Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Grace Gao
- Janssen (China) Research & Development, AP Center of Excellence, Translational Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongqi Dong
- Janssen (China) Research & Development, AP Center of Excellence, Translational Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
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Malavasi F, Faini AC, Morandi F, Castella B, Incarnato D, Oliviero S, Horenstein AL, Massaia M, van de Donk NWCJ, Richardson PG. Molecular dynamics of targeting CD38 in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2021; 193:581-591. [PMID: 33570193 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple functions of CD38 need exploring to expand clinical application of anti-CD38 antibodies in multiple myeloma (MM). We investigated membrane dynamics of MM cells and subsequent events when CD38 is targeted by therapeutic antibodies. Human MM cells (BF01) were co-cultured in vitro with therapeutic antibody (or control immunoglobulin G) and analysed using gene expression profiling. Microvesicles from antibody-exposed cells were analysed for differential gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression, and for phenotypic characterisation. Exposure of BF01 cells to anti-CD38 antibody resulted in CD38 membrane redistribution, upregulation of metabolism-related genes and downregulation of genes involved in cell cycle processes. Microvesicles derived from antibody-exposed cells showed increased CD73 and CD39 expression, presence of programmed death-ligand 1 and significant up-/down-modulation of miRNAs. Microvesicles accumulated around immunoglobulin Fc receptor-positive (FcR+ ) cells. Upon internalisation, natural killer cells displayed significantly increased expression of genes related to activation and immune response, and downregulation of genes involved in the cell cycle. Cells may use microvesicles to transmit signals distally as part of a survival strategy. Microvesicles are equipped on their surface with enzymatic machinery leading to production of tolerogenic adenosine. Further, they are internalised in FcR+ cells with significant functional modifications. These observations have relevance for improving anti-CD38 therapeutic antibodies through targeting this mechanism and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Turin, and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo C Faini
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Turin, and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Morandi
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Barbara Castella
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Biologia Molecolare (CIRBM), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Danny Incarnato
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, and Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, and Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto L Horenstein
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Turin, and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Biologia Molecolare (CIRBM), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Niels W C J van de Donk
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wang C, Chen Y, Hou YN, Liu Q, Zhang D, Zhao H, Zhang Y, An S, Li L, Hou J, Huang G, Liu J, Zhao YJ, Wei W. ImmunoPET imaging of multiple myeloma with [ 68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Nb1053. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:2749-60. [PMID: 33543326 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable and its diagnosis relies heavily on bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. CD38 is a glycoprotein highly specific for MM. Antibody therapeutics (e.g., daratumumab) targeting CD38 have shown encouraging efficacy in treating MM, either as a monotherapy agent or in combination with other regimens. However, efficient stratification of patients who might benefit from daratumumab therapy and timely monitoring of the therapeutic responses are still clinical challenges. This work aims to devise a CD38-targeted imaging strategy and assess its value in diagnosing MMs. METHODS By labeling a CD38-specific single domain antibody (Nb1053) with 68Ga (t1/2 = 1.1 h), we developed a CD38-targeted immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging probe [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Nb1053. The probe was developed with good radiochemical yield (> 50%), excellent radiochemical purity (> 99%), and immunoreactivity (> 95%). The diagnostic accuracy of the probe was thoroughly investigated in preclinical MM models. RESULTS ImmunoPET imaging with [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Nb1053 specifically depicted all the subcutaneous and orthotopic MM lesions, outperforming the traditional 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET and the nonspecific [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-NbGFP immunoPET. More importantly, daratumumab preloading significantly reduced [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Nb1053 uptake in the disseminated bone lesions, indicating the overlapping targeting epitopes of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Nb1053 with that of daratumumab. Furthermore, premedication with sodium maleate or fructose significantly decreased kidney retention of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Nb1053 and improved the diagnostic value of the probe in lymphoma models. CONCLUSION This work successfully developed a novel CD38-targeted immunoPET imaging approach that enabled precise visualization of CD38 and diagnosis of MMs. Upon clinical translation, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Nb1053 immunoPET may serve as a valuable CD38-targeted molecular imaging toolbox, facilitating early diagnosis of MM and precise assessment of the therapeutic responses.
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205
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Koutsakos M, Rowntree LC, Hensen L, Chua BY, van de Sandt CE, Habel JR, Zhang W, Jia X, Kedzierski L, Ashhurst TM, Putri GH, Marsh-Wakefield F, Read MN, Edwards DN, Clemens EB, Wong CY, Mordant FL, Juno JA, Amanat F, Audsley J, Holmes NE, Gordon CL, Smibert OC, Trubiano JA, Hughes CM, Catton M, Denholm JT, Tong SY, Doolan DL, Kotsimbos TC, Jackson DC, Krammer F, Godfrey DI, Chung AW, King NJ, Lewin SR, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Subbarao K, McMahon J, Thevarajan I, Nguyen TH, Cheng AC, Kedzierska K. Integrated immune dynamics define correlates of COVID-19 severity and antibody responses. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100208. [PMID: 33564749 PMCID: PMC7862905 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes a spectrum of COVID-19 disease, the immunological basis of which remains ill defined. We analyzed 85 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals at acute and/or convalescent time points, up to 102 days after symptom onset, quantifying 184 immunological parameters. Acute COVID-19 presented with high levels of IL-6, IL-18, and IL-10 and broad activation marked by the upregulation of CD38 on innate and adaptive lymphocytes and myeloid cells. Importantly, activated CXCR3+cTFH1 cells in acute COVID-19 significantly correlate with and predict antibody levels and their avidity at convalescence as well as acute neutralization activity. Strikingly, intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe COVID-19 display higher levels of soluble IL-6, IL-6R, and IL-18, and hyperactivation of innate, adaptive, and myeloid compartments than patients with moderate disease. Our analyses provide a comprehensive map of longitudinal immunological responses in COVID-19 patients and integrate key cellular pathways of complex immune networks underpinning severe COVID-19, providing important insights into potential biomarkers and immunotherapies. Analyses of 184 immune features define kinetics of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 Circulating TFH1 cells in acute COVID-19 correlate with antibodies sIL-6R levels are elevated in severe COVID-19 but do not correlate with IL-6 Elevated IL-6 and IL-18 correlate with immune cell hyperactivation
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise C. Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendon Y. Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Carolien E. van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer R. Habel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wuji Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas M. Ashhurst
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research Facility, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Givanna H. Putri
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Felix Marsh-Wakefield
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark N. Read
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Westmead Initiative, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Davis N. Edwards
- School of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Westmead Initiative, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - E. Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chinn Yi Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francesca L. Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Jennifer Audsley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natasha E. Holmes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Data Analytics Research and Evaluation (DARE) Centre, Austin Health and University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Claire L. Gordon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivia C. Smibert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason A. Trubiano
- Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Carly M. Hughes
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mike Catton
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin T. Denholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Services, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Doherty Department University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Y.C. Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Services, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Doherty Department University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Denise L. Doolan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Tom C. Kotsimbos
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology, and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David C. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging at the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas J.C. King
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research Facility, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Nano, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sharon R. Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Services, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Doherty Department University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James McMahon
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Irani Thevarajan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Services, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Doherty Department University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Thi H.O. Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Allen C. Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Corresponding author
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Holm KN, Herren AW, Taylor SL, Randol JL, Kim K, Espinal G, Martiínez-Cerdeño V, Pessah IN, Hagerman RJ, Hagerman PJ. Human Cerebral Cortex Proteome of Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:600840. [PMID: 33585555 PMCID: PMC7879451 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.600840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder associated with premutation CGG-repeat expansions (55–200 repeats) in the 5′ non-coding portion of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. Core features of FXTAS include progressive tremor/ataxia, cognitive decline, variable brain volume loss, and white matter disease. The principal histopathological feature of FXTAS is the presence of central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS intranuclear inclusions. Objective: To further elucidate the molecular underpinnings of FXTAS through the proteomic characterization of human FXTAS cortexes. Results: Proteomic analysis of FXTAS brain cortical tissue (n = 8) identified minor differences in protein abundance compared to control brains (n = 6). Significant differences in FXTAS relative to control brain predominantly involved decreased abundance of proteins, with the greatest decreases observed for tenascin-C (TNC), cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38), and phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1); proteins typically increased in other neurodegenerative diseases. Proteins with the greatest increased abundance include potentially novel neurodegeneration-related proteins and small ubiquitin-like modifier 1/2 (SUMO1/2). The FMRpolyG peptide, proposed in models of FXTAS pathogenesis but only identified in trace amounts in the earlier study of FXTAS inclusions, was not identified in any of the FXTAS or control brains in the current study. Discussion: The observed proteomic shifts, while generally relatively modest, do show a bias toward decreased protein abundance with FXTAS. Such shifts in protein abundance also suggest altered RNA binding as well as loss of cell–cell adhesion/structural integrity. Unlike other neurodegenerative diseases, the proteome of end-stage FXTAS does not suggest a strong inflammation-mediated degenerative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Nichole Holm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anthony W Herren
- Mass Spectrometry Research Core, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sandra L Taylor
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jamie L Randol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States.,Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Glenda Espinal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Verónica Martiínez-Cerdeño
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Isaac N Pessah
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Randi J Hagerman
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Paul J Hagerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States.,Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
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Cohen YC, Oriol A, Wu KL, Lavi N, Vlummens P, Jackson C, Garvin W, Carson R, Crist W, Fu J, Feng H, Xie H, Schecter J, San-Miguel J, Lonial S. Daratumumab With Cetrelimab, an Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody, in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2021; 21:46-54.e4. [PMID: 33485428 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daratumumab is approved for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) as monotherapy or in combination regimens. We evaluated daratumumab plus cetrelimab, a programmed death receptor-1 inhibitor, in RRMM. PATIENTS AND METHODS This open-label, multiphase study enrolled adults with RRMM with ≥ 3 prior lines of therapy. Part 1 was a safety run-in phase examining dose-limiting toxicities of daratumumab (16 mg/kg intravenously weekly for cycles 1-2, biweekly for cycles 3-6, and monthly thereafter) plus cetrelimab (240 mg intravenously biweekly, all cycles). In Parts 2 and 3, patients were to be randomized to daratumumab with or without cetrelimab (same schedule as Part 1). Endpoints included safety, overall response rate, pharmacokinetics, and biomarker analyses. RESULTS Nine patients received daratumumab plus cetrelimab in the safety run-in, and 1 received daratumumab in Part 2 before administrative study termination following a data monitoring committee's global recommendation to stop any trial including daratumumab combined with inhibitors of programmed death receptor-1 or its ligand (programmed death-ligand 1). The median follow-up times were 6.7 months (safety run-in) and 0.3 months (Part 2). No dose-limiting toxicities occurred. All 10 patients had ≥ 1 treatment-emergent adverse event; 7 patients had grade 3 to 4 treatment-emergent adverse events, and none led to treatment discontinuation or death. In the safety run-in, 7 (77.7%) patients had ≥ 1 infusion-related reaction (most grade 1-2), and 1 had a grade 2 immune-mediated reaction. Among safety run-in patients, the overall response rate was 44.4%. CONCLUSIONS No new safety concerns were identified for daratumumab plus cetrelimab in RRMM. The short study duration and small population limit complete analysis of this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael C Cohen
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky (Ichilov) Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Albert Oriol
- Institut Català d'Oncologia i Institut Josep Carreras, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ka Lung Wu
- Department of Hematology, ZNA Stuivenberg Lange Beeldekensstraat, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Noa Lavi
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Philip Vlummens
- Department of Clinical Hematology, UZ Gent - Department of Clinical Hematology, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Wendy Garvin
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ
| | - Robin Carson
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA
| | - Wendy Crist
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA
| | - Jiayu Fu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA
| | - Huaibao Feng
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA
| | - Hong Xie
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA
| | | | - Jesús San-Miguel
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra-CIMA, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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208
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Jepsen WM, De Both M, Siniard AL, Ramsey K, Piras IS, Naymik M, Henderson A, Huentelman MJ. Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily C member 1 ( ABCC1) overexpression reduces APP processing and increases alpha- versus beta-secretase activity, in vitro. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio.054627. [PMID: 32878879 PMCID: PMC7860133 DOI: 10.1242/bio.054627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic anion transporter Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1), also known as MRP1, has been demonstrated in murine models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) to export amyloid beta (Abeta) from the endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier to the periphery, and that pharmaceutical activation of ABCC1 can reduce amyloid plaque deposition in the brain. Here, we show that ABCC1 is not only capable of exporting Abeta from the cytoplasm of human cells, but also that its overexpression significantly reduces Abeta production and increases the ratio of alpha- versus beta-secretase mediated cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), likely via indirect modulation of alpha-, beta- and gamma-secretase activity. Summary:Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1) overexpression skews APP processing towards the non-amyloidogenic pathway. Increasing ABCC1 expression or activity may prevent or attenuate Alzheimer's disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne M Jepsen
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004 USA.,Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 3330 N. 2nd St., Ste. 402 Phoenix, AZ, 85012 USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall Tempe, AZ, 85281 USA.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, 4745 N. 7th St., Ste. 105 Phoenix, AZ, 85014 USA
| | - Matthew De Both
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004 USA
| | - Ashley L Siniard
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004 USA.,Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 3330 N. 2nd St., Ste. 402 Phoenix, AZ, 85012 USA
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004 USA.,Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 3330 N. 2nd St., Ste. 402 Phoenix, AZ, 85012 USA
| | - Ignazio S Piras
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004 USA.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, 4745 N. 7th St., Ste. 105 Phoenix, AZ, 85014 USA
| | - Marcus Naymik
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004 USA.,Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 3330 N. 2nd St., Ste. 402 Phoenix, AZ, 85012 USA
| | - Adrienne Henderson
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004 USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004 USA .,Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 3330 N. 2nd St., Ste. 402 Phoenix, AZ, 85012 USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E. Tyler Mall Tempe, AZ, 85281 USA.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, 4745 N. 7th St., Ste. 105 Phoenix, AZ, 85014 USA
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209
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Poels R, Drent E, Lameris R, Katsarou A, Themeli M, van der Vliet HJ, de Gruijl TD, van de Donk NWCJ, Mutis T. Preclinical Evaluation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Modified with CD38 or BCMA Chimeric Antigen Receptors for Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1096. [PMID: 33499253 PMCID: PMC7865760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the CD1d restricted recognition of altered glycolipids, Vα24-invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are excellent tools for cancer immunotherapy with a significantly reduced risk for graft-versus-host disease when applied as off-the shelf-therapeutics across Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) barriers. To maximally harness their therapeutic potential for multiple myeloma (MM) treatment, we here armed iNKT cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) directed against the MM-associated antigen CD38 and the plasma cell specific B cell maturation antigen (BCMA). We demonstrate that both CD38- and BCMA-CAR iNKT cells effectively eliminated MM cells in a CAR-dependent manner, without losing their T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated cytotoxic activity. Importantly, iNKT cells expressing either BCMA-CARs or affinity-optimized CD38-CARs spared normal hematopoietic cells and displayed a Th1-like cytokine profile, indicating their therapeutic utility. While the costimulatory domain of CD38-CARs had no influence on the cytotoxic functions of iNKT cells, CARs containing the 4-1BB domain showed a better expansion capacity. Interestingly, when stimulated only via CD1d+ dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), both CD38- and BCMA-CAR iNKT cells expanded well, without losing their CAR- or TCR-dependent cytotoxic activities. This suggests the possibility of developing an off-the-shelf therapy with CAR iNKT cells, which might even be boostable in vivo by administration α-GalCer pulsed DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Poels
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.P.); (E.D.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (N.W.C.J.v.d.D.)
| | - Esther Drent
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.P.); (E.D.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (N.W.C.J.v.d.D.)
| | - Roeland Lameris
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.L.); (H.J.v.d.V.); (T.D.d.G.)
| | - Afroditi Katsarou
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.P.); (E.D.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (N.W.C.J.v.d.D.)
| | - Maria Themeli
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.P.); (E.D.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (N.W.C.J.v.d.D.)
| | - Hans J. van der Vliet
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.L.); (H.J.v.d.V.); (T.D.d.G.)
- Lava Therapeutics, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.L.); (H.J.v.d.V.); (T.D.d.G.)
| | - Niels W. C. J. van de Donk
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.P.); (E.D.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (N.W.C.J.v.d.D.)
| | - Tuna Mutis
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.P.); (E.D.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (N.W.C.J.v.d.D.)
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210
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Sanchez L, Richter J, Cho HJ, Jagannath S, Madduri D, Parekh S, Richard S, Tam L, Verina D, Chari A. Subcutaneous daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj in newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Ther Adv Hematol 2021; 12:2040620720987075. [PMID: 33613930 PMCID: PMC7841854 DOI: 10.1177/2040620720987075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Daratumumab, a human immunoglobulin G1 kappa monoclonal antibody that targets CD38, is currently approved as monotherapy and in varying combinations with approved anti-myeloma regimens in both newly diagnosed multiple myeloma and relapsed refractory multiple myeloma. Originally developed for intravenous administration, the subcutaneous formulation of daratumumab (daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj) was recently approved by the US Federal Drug Administration and European Commission in 2020. In clinical trials, compared with the intravenous formulation, subcutaneous daratumumab (Dara-SC) has significantly shorter administration time (median first dose 7 h versus 3–5 min, respectively), lower rates of infusion-related reactions (median first dose 50% versus less than 10%, respectively), and lower volume of infusion (median 500–1000 ml versus 15 ml, respectively). Otherwise, the pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and efficacy are comparable. This review summarizes the pivotal trials that led to the approval of Dara-SC, highlights important clinical considerations for the use of Dara-SC, and provides practical guidelines for the administration of Dara-SC in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Sanchez
- Multiple Myeloma Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Richter
- Multiple Myeloma Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hearn Jay Cho
- Multiple Myeloma Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sundar Jagannath
- Multiple Myeloma Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepu Madduri
- Multiple Myeloma Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samir Parekh
- Multiple Myeloma Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shambavi Richard
- Multiple Myeloma Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lowena Tam
- Multiple Myeloma Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Verina
- Multiple Myeloma Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ajai Chari
- Multiple Myeloma Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1185, New York, NY 10029, USA
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211
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Park JH, Lo EH, Hayakawa K. Endoplasmic Reticulum Interaction Supports Energy Production and Redox Homeostasis in Mitochondria Released from Astrocytes. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 12:1045-1054. [PMID: 33479917 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria can be released by astrocytes as part of a help-me signaling process in stroke. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms that underlie mitochondria secretion, redox status, and functional regulation in the extracellular environment. Exposure of rat primary astrocytes to NAD or cADPR elicited an increase in mitochondrial calcium through ryanodine receptor (RyR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Importantly, CD38 stimulation with NAD accelerated ATP production along with increasing glutathione reductase (GR) and dipicolinic acid (DPA) in intracellular mitochondria. When RyR was blocked by Dantrolene, all effects were clearly diminished. Mitochondrial functional assay showed that these activated mitochondria appeared to be resistant to H2O2 exposure and sustained mitochondrial membrane potential, while inhibition of RyR resulted in disrupted membrane potential under oxidative stress. Finally, a gain- or loss-of-function assay demonstrated that treatment with DPA in control mitochondria preserved GR contents and increased mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas inhibiting GR with carmustine decreased membrane potentials in extracellular mitochondria released from astrocytes. Collectively, these data suggest that ER-mitochondrial interaction mediated by CD38 stimulation may support mitochondrial energy production and redox homeostasis during the mode of mitochondrial transfer from astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Park
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149-2401, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149-2401, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149-2401, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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212
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Angelicola S, Ruzzi F, Landuzzi L, Scalambra L, Gelsomino F, Ardizzoni A, Nanni P, Lollini PL, Palladini A. IFN-γ and CD38 in Hyperprogressive Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:309. [PMID: 33467713 PMCID: PMC7830527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve the survival of patients with multiple types of cancer. However, low response rates and atypical responses limit their success in clinical applications. The paradoxical acceleration of tumor growth after treatment, defined as hyperprogressive disease (HPD), is the most difficult problem facing clinicians and patients alike. The mechanisms that underlie hyperprogression (HP) are still unclear and controversial, although different factors are associated with the phenomenon. In this review, we propose two factors that have not yet been demonstrated to be directly associated with HP, but upon which it is important to focus attention. IFN-γ is a key cytokine in antitumor response and its levels increase during ICI therapy, whereas CD38 is an alternative immune checkpoint that is involved in immunosuppressive responses. As both factors are associated with resistance to ICI therapy, we have discussed their possible involvement in HPD with the conclusion that IFN-γ may contribute to HP onset through the activation of the inflammasome pathway, immunosuppressive enzyme IDO1 and activation-induced cell death (AICD) in effector T cells, while the role of CD38 in HP may be associated with the activation of adenosine receptors, hypoxia pathways and AICD-dependent T-cell depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Angelicola
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Francesca Ruzzi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Laura Scalambra
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Francesco Gelsomino
- Divisione di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Divisione di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Patrizia Nanni
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Arianna Palladini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
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213
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Katsuyama E, Suarez-Fueyo A, Bradley SJ, Mizui M, Marin AV, Mulki L, Krishfield S, Malavasi F, Yoon J, Sui SJH, Kyttaris VC, Tsokos GC. The CD38/NAD/SIRTUIN1/EZH2 Axis Mitigates Cytotoxic CD8 T Cell Function and Identifies Patients with SLE Prone to Infections. Cell Rep 2021; 30:112-123.e4. [PMID: 31914379 PMCID: PMC7577012 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) suffer frequent infections that account for significant morbidity and mortality. T cell cytotoxic responses are decreased in patients with SLE, yet the responsible molecular events are largely unknown. We find an expanded CD8CD38high T cell subset in a sub-group of patients with increased rates of infections. CD8CD38high T cells from healthy subjects and patients with SLE display decreased cytotoxic capacity, degranulation, and expression of granzymes A and B and perforin. The key cytotoxicity-related transcription factors T-bet, RUNX3, and EOMES are decreased in CD8CD38high T cells. CD38 leads to increased acetylated EZH2 through inhibition of the deacetylase Sirtuin1. Acetylated EZH2 represses RUNX3 expression, whereas inhibition of EZH2 restores CD8 T cell cytotoxic responses. We propose that high levels of CD38 lead to decreased CD8 T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and increased propensity to infections in patients with SLE, a process that can be reversed pharmacologically. Katsuyama et al. find that an expanded CD8CD38high T cell population in SLE patients is linked to infections. CD8CD38high T cells display decreased cytotoxic capacity by suppressing the expression of related molecules through an NAD+/Sirtuin1/EZH2 pathway. EZH2 inhibitors increase cytotoxicity offering a means to mitigate infection rates in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Katsuyama
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abel Suarez-Fueyo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean J Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masayuki Mizui
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana V Marin
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lama Mulki
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne Krishfield
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - Joon Yoon
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shannan J Ho Sui
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vasileios C Kyttaris
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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214
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Rutkowska E, Kwiecień I, Kulik K, Chełstowska B, Kłos K, Rzepecki P, Chciałowski A. Usefulness of the New Hematological Parameter: Reactive Lymphocytes RE-LYMP with Flow Cytometry Markers of Inflammation in COVID-19. Cells 2021; 10:E82. [PMID: 33419040 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of patients with activation of the immune system which indicates the presence of infection is essential, especially in the times of the global coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reactive lymphocytes (RE-LYMP) parameter in COVID-19 and to correlate it with activation lymphocytes markers by flow cytometry. The study group consisted of 40 patients: with COVID-19 infection (n = 20) and with others virus infections without COVID-19 (COVID-19(−) virus (n = 20)) and 20 healthy donors (HC). Blood count and flow cytometry were performed. The COVID-19(+) group had significantly lower RE-LYMP parameter than the COVID-19(−) virus group (5.45 vs. 11.05, p < 0.05). We observed higher proportion of plasmablasts in the COVID-19(+) and COVID-19(−) virus groups than HC (8.8 vs. 11.1 vs. 2.7, p < 0.05). In the COVID-19(+) there was a lower proportion of CD4+ CD38+ cells than in the other groups (significant differences between COVID-19(+) and COVID-19(−) virus groups). RE-LYMP correlated with activated T lymphocytes CD38+ and HLA-DR+ in the COVID-19(−) virus group, however in the COVID-19(+) group correlations with T lymphocytes CD25+ and CD45RO+ were observed. In summary the analysis of the RE-LYMP together with flow cytometric activation markers can be helpful in identifying and distinguishing patients with COVID-19(+) from other viruses and HC.
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215
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Costa F, Marchica V, Storti P, Malavasi F, Giuliani N. PD-L1/PD-1 Axis in Multiple Myeloma Microenvironment and a Possible Link with CD38-Mediated Immune-Suppression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E164. [PMID: 33418913 PMCID: PMC7825118 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in MM immune-microenvironment has been highlighted by several studies. However, discordant data have been reported on PD-1/PD-L1 distribution within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment of patients with monoclonal gammopathies. In addition, the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade as a therapeutic strategy to reverse myeloma immune suppression and inhibit myeloma cell survival still remains unknown. Recent data suggest that, among the potential mechanisms behind the lack of responsiveness or resistance to anti-PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies, the CD38 metabolic pathways involving the immune-suppressive factor, adenosine, could play an important role. This review summarizes the available data on PD-1/PD-L1 expression in patients with MM, reporting the main mechanisms of regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 axis. The possible link between the CD38 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways is also reported, highlighting the rationale for the potential use of a combined therapeutic approach with CD38 blocking agents and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in order to improve their anti-tumoral effect in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Costa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.C.); (V.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Valentina Marchica
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.C.); (V.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Paola Storti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.C.); (V.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.C.); (V.M.); (P.S.)
- Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Tereshchenko S, Kasparov E, Zobova S, Smolnikova M, Evert L, Semenova N, Zaitseva O, Shubina M, Gorbacheva N, Lapteva L. Oxytocin Pathway Gene ( CD38, OXTR) Variants Are Not Related to Psychosocial Characteristics Defined by Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Adolescents: A Field School-Based Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:714093. [PMID: 34434131 PMCID: PMC8380924 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.714093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: CD38 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that regulates oxytocin (OT) production and influences social interactions. The oxytocin receptor (OXTR) has been studied intensively regarding its association with human psychosocial functions. Many studies have demonstrated a link between CD38 rs3796863 and OXTR rs53576 polymorphic regions and psychosocial characteristics as well as various psychiatric disorders in adolescents. Some studies, however, have reported null findings. Methods: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a brief psychopathologic screening tool recommended for detecting psychosocial problems and psychiatric disorders in adolescents. The current field school-based study, conducted among urban Siberian adolescents (n = 298 aged 12-18), explored the SDQ scales in relation to polymorphisms of the CD38 and the OXTR genes (rs3796863 and rs53576, respectively). Results: None of the studied genotypes were associated with the SDQ results for the complete sample with presumed statistical power as 0.80 to detect a medium-size effect (Cramer's V = 0.3) at α = 0.0083. Post-hoc analysis in subgroups showed that OT pathway high activity may cause some negative consequences, such as emotional instability in older (aged 15-18) adolescent boys who are carriers of the rs53576 GG variant. Conclusion: Variations at the CD38 rs3796863 and OXTR rs53576 loci were not associated with psychosocial characteristics of adolescents assessed with the SDQ. In studies with a similar design, we recommend replication with larger samples and greater power to detect small effects, especially in age-sex subgroups of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Tereshchenko
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Edward Kasparov
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana Zobova
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Marina Smolnikova
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Lidia Evert
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Semenova
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Olga Zaitseva
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Margarita Shubina
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nina Gorbacheva
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Ludmila Lapteva
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Baum N, Fliegert R, Bauche A, Hambach J, Menzel S, Haag F, Bannas P, Koch-Nolte F. Daratumumab and Nanobody-Based Heavy Chain Antibodies Inhibit the ADPR Cyclase but not the NAD + Hydrolase Activity of CD38-Expressing Multiple Myeloma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010076. [PMID: 33396591 PMCID: PMC7795599 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy of antibody-producing plasma cells in the bone marrow. Nucleotides released from cells in the tumor microenvironment act as inflammatory danger signals. CD38 and other enzymes on the surface of cancer cells hydrolyze these nucleotides to immunosuppressive mediators, thereby hampering anti-tumor immune responses. Daratumumab and other CD38-specific antibodies mediate killing of tumor cells by natural killer cells, macrophages, and the complement system. Here, we investigated whether CD38-specific antibodies also inhibit the enzyme activity of CD38-expressing tumor cells, thereby providing a potential second mode of action. Our results showed that daratumumab and nanobody-based heavy chain antibodies inhibit the ADPR cyclase but not the NAD+ hydrolase activity of CD38. Thus, there remains a need for better CD38-inhibitory antibodies. Abstract The nucleotides ATP and NAD+ are released from stressed cells as endogenous danger signals. Ecto-enzymes in the tumor microenvironment hydrolyze these inflammatory nucleotides to immunosuppressive adenosine, thereby, hampering anti-tumor immune responses. The NAD+ hydrolase CD38 is expressed at high levels on the cell surface of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Daratumumab, a CD38-specific monoclonal antibody promotes cytotoxicity against MM cells. With long CDR3 loops, nanobodies and nanobody-based heavy chain antibodies (hcAbs) might bind to cavities on CD38 and thereby inhibit its enzyme activity more potently than conventional antibodies. The goal of our study was to establish assays for monitoring the enzymatic activities of CD38 on the cell surface of tumor cells and to assess the effects of CD38-specific antibodies on these activities. We monitored the enzymatic activity of CD38-expressing MM and other tumor cell lines, using fluorometric and HPLC assays. Our results showed that daratumumab and hcAb MU1067 inhibit the ADPR cyclase but not the NAD+ hydrolase activity of CD38-expressing MM cells. We conclude that neither clinically approved daratumumab nor recently developed nanobody-derived hcAbs provide a second mode of action against MM cells. Thus, there remains a quest for “double action” CD38-inhibitory antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Baum
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.B.); (J.H.); (S.M.); (F.H.)
| | - Ralf Fliegert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (R.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Andreas Bauche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (R.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Julia Hambach
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.B.); (J.H.); (S.M.); (F.H.)
| | - Stephan Menzel
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.B.); (J.H.); (S.M.); (F.H.)
| | - Friedrich Haag
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.B.); (J.H.); (S.M.); (F.H.)
| | - Peter Bannas
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.B.); (J.H.); (S.M.); (F.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-407-4105-3612
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Steinhardt MJ, Zhou X, Krummenast F, Meckel K, Nickel K, Böckle D, Messerschmidt J, Knorz S, Dierks A, Heidemeier A, Lapa C, Einsele H, Rasche L, Kortüm KM. Sequential CD38 monoclonal antibody retreatment leads to deep remission in a patient with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2020; 34:2058738420980258. [PMID: 33353443 PMCID: PMC7768838 DOI: 10.1177/2058738420980258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a currently 76-year-old female patient with relapsed/refractory (RR) multiple myeloma (MM) treated at our institution. This patient had received six lines of therapy including tandem autologous stem cell transplant, proteasome inhibitor, immunomodulatory drugs and CD38 antibody MOR202. At the last relapse, she progressed during treatment with pomalidomide and MOR202. In an individualized therapy concept, we started a multi-agent salvage therapy with pomalidomide, bortezomib, doxorubicin, dexamethasone, and CD38 antibody daratumumab (“Pom-PAD-Dara”), which resulted in a stringent complete remission with minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity after nine cycles. So far, our patient shows a progression free survival of more than 12 months. Our case demonstrates the feasibility of successful CD38 antibody retreatment in a patient with heavily pretreated CD38 antibody resistant MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Krummenast
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Meckel
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Nickel
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - David Böckle
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Janin Messerschmidt
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Knorz
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dierks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Anke Heidemeier
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Leo Rasche
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Martin Kortüm
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
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219
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Chulián S, Martínez-Rubio Á, Pérez-García VM, Rosa M, Blázquez Goñi C, Rodríguez Gutiérrez JF, Hermosín-Ramos L, Molinos Quintana Á, Caballero-Velázquez T, Ramírez-Orellana M, Castillo Robleda A, Fernández-Martínez JL. High-Dimensional Analysis of Single-Cell Flow Cytometry Data Predicts Relapse in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010017. [PMID: 33374500 PMCID: PMC7793064 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia is one of the most common cancers in childhood, with 20% of patients eventually relapsing. Flow cytometry is routinely used for diagnosis and follow-up, but it currently does not provide prognostic value at diagnosis. The volume and the high-dimensional character of this data makes it ideal for its exploitation by means of Artificial Intelligence methods. We collected flow cytometry data from 56 patients from two hospitals. We analysed differences in intensity of marker expression in order to predict relapse at the moment of diagnosis. We finally correlated this data with biomolecular information, constructing a classifier based on CD38 expression. Abstract Artificial intelligence methods may help in unveiling information that is hidden in high-dimensional oncological data. Flow cytometry studies of haematological malignancies provide quantitative data with the potential to be used for the construction of response biomarkers. Many computational methods from the bioinformatics toolbox can be applied to these data, but they have not been exploited in their full potential in leukaemias, specifically for the case of childhood B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. In this paper, we analysed flow cytometry data that were obtained at diagnosis from 56 paediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia patients from two local institutions. Our aim was to assess the prognostic potential of immunophenotypical marker expression intensity. We constructed classifiers that are based on the Fisher’s Ratio to quantify differences between patients with relapsing and non-relapsing disease. We also correlated this with genetic information. The main result that arises from the data was the association between subexpression of marker CD38 and the probability of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Chulián
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (S.C.); (Á.M.-R.); (M.R.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Rubio
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (S.C.); (Á.M.-R.); (M.R.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Víctor M. Pérez-García
- Department of Mathematics, Mathematical Oncology Laboratory (MOLAB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada a la Ciencia y la Ingeniería (IMACI), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- ETSI Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - María Rosa
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (S.C.); (Á.M.-R.); (M.R.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Blázquez Goñi
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 11407 Hospital de Jerez Cádiz, Spain; (C.B.G.); (J.F.R.G.); (L.H.-R.)
| | | | - Lourdes Hermosín-Ramos
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 11407 Hospital de Jerez Cádiz, Spain; (C.B.G.); (J.F.R.G.); (L.H.-R.)
| | | | | | - Manuel Ramírez-Orellana
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-O.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Ana Castillo Robleda
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-O.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Juan Luis Fernández-Martínez
- Department of Mathematics, Group of Inverse Problems, Optimisation and Machine Learning, University of Oviedo, 33005 Oviedo, Spain;
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Lee HT, Kim Y, Park UB, Jeong TJ, Lee SH, Heo YS. Crystal structure of CD38 in complex with daratumumab, a first-in-class anti-CD38 antibody drug for treating multiple myeloma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 536:26-31. [PMID: 33360095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a blood cancer characterized by the plasma cell malignancy in the bone marrow, resulting in the destruction of bone tissue. Recently, the US FDA approved two antibody drugs for the treatment of multiple myeloma, daratumumab and isatuximab, targeting CD38, a type II transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed in plasma cells and multiple myeloma cells. Here, we report the crystal structure of CD38 in complex with the Fab fragment of daratumumab, providing its exact epitope on CD38 and the structural insights into the mechanism of action of the antibody drug. Daratumumab binds to a specific discontinuous region on CD38 that includes residues located opposite to the active site of CD38. All the six complementarity determining regions of daratumumab are involved in the CD38 interaction. The epitopes of daratumumab and isatuximab do not overlap at all and their bindings to CD38 induce different structural changes within the CD38 protein. This structural study can facilitate the design of improved biologics or effective combination therapies for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Tae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Beom Park
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The concept of extracellular purinergic signaling was first proposed by Geoffrey Burnstock in the early 1970s. Since then, extracellular ATP and its metabolites ADP and adenosine have attracted an enormous amount of attention in terms of their involvement in a wide range of immunomodulatory, thromboregulatory, angiogenic, vasoactive and other pathophysiological activities in different organs and tissues, including the vascular system. In addition to significant progress in understanding the properties of nucleotide- and adenosine-selective receptors, recent studies have begun to uncover the complexity of regulatory mechanisms governing the duration and magnitude of the purinergic signaling cascade. This knowledge has led to the development of new paradigms in understanding the entire purinome by taking into account the multitude of signaling and metabolic pathways involved in biological effects of ATP and adenosine and compartmentalization of the adenosine system. Along with the "canonical route" of ATP breakdown to adenosine via sequential ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 activities, it has now become clear that purine metabolism is the result of concerted effort between ATP release, its metabolism through redundant nucleotide-inactivating and counteracting ATP-regenerating ectoenzymatic pathways, as well as cellular nucleoside uptake and phosphorylation of adenosine to ATP through complex phosphotransfer reactions. In this review I provide an overview of key enzymes involved in adenosine metabolic network, with special emphasis on the emerging roles of purine-converting ectoenzymes as novel targets for cancer and vascular therapies.
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222
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Yilmaz V, Tuzun E, Durmus H, Oflazer P, Aysal F, Parman Y, Gungor-Tuncer O, Deymeer F, Saruhan-Direskeneli G. The treatment effect on peripheral B cell markers in antibody positive myasthenia gravis patients. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 349:577402. [PMID: 32977248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
B cells play a major role in the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis (MG) with their ability to produce disease specific, pathogenic antibodies. However, their status during disease development and follow-up stages of the disease in the peripheral blood may need further studies to determine useful markers. In this study, we aimed to detect B cell associated factors concerning immunosuppressive treatment in generalized non-thymomatous MG patients. Although CD19+ B cell distribution did not vary among disease subgroups, expressions of both CD38 and BAFFR were altered on B cells in MG patients under immunosuppressive therapy. Serum levels of BAFF were elevated in untreated MG patients as compared to treated MG patients and healthy controls. B cell activation factors may show profound alterations due to immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul University, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey..
| | - E Tuzun
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Durmus
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - P Oflazer
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - F Aysal
- Department of Neurology, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, Turkey
| | - Y Parman
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - O Gungor-Tuncer
- Department of Neurology, Sisli Florence Nightingale Hospital, Demiroglu Bilim University, Turkey
| | - F Deymeer
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
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Furumaki H, Takeshita A, Ohto H, Yamada C, Fujihara H, Ishizuka K, Shibata H, Shinba T, Nemoto N, Ino K, Ozawa A, Watanabe H, Kawabata K, Obata Y. A newly devised flow cytometric antibody binding assay helps evaluation of dithiothreitol treatment for the inactivation of CD38 on red blood cells. Vox Sang 2020; 116:725-734. [PMID: 33314130 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, including daratumumab and isatuximab, often interfere with pretransfusion testing. Dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment of red blood cells (RBCs) negates this interference. However, the optimum DTT concentration and treatment time have not been well defined. Here, we quantified CD38 on RBCs before and after DTT treatment using a flow cytometric antibody binding assay (FABA) to specify the optimum conditions for CD38 inactivation. MATERIALS AND METHODS For FABA, untreated or DTT-treated RBCs were incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled anti-CD38 antibody, in the presence or absence of 100-fold or more excess of unlabelled anti-CD38 antibody, and then analysed by flow cytometry (FCM). Dissociation of CD38-positive and control histograms was determined from the D-value using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results from FABA were compared with those from conventional FCM, indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) and Western blotting. RESULTS The results from FABA were more consistent than those from conventional FCM. The D-value was found to be reliable in the analysis of difference between CD38 before and after DTT treatment. Our data showed that 0·0075 mol/l DTT for 30 min is sufficient to inactivate CD38 on RBCs. These results were stable and consistent with the findings from IAT. CONCLUSION Flow cytometric antibody binding assay is an objective way of evaluating the efficacy of DTT treatment for CD38 on RBCs. This approach allows the detection of a small number of cell surface antigens and will be useful for assessing the various chemical treatments to denature RBC antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Furumaki
- Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takeshita
- Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chiaki Yamada
- Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Harumi Fujihara
- Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishizuka
- Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shibata
- Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takahito Shinba
- Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoki Nemoto
- Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kaede Ino
- Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akari Ozawa
- Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroko Watanabe
- Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kinuyo Kawabata
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yukako Obata
- Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Zannetti BA, Faini AC, Massari E, Geuna M, Maffini E, Poletti G, Cerchione C, Martinelli G, Malavasi F, Lanza F. Novel Insights in Anti- CD38 Therapy Based on CD38-Receptor Expression and Function: The Multiple Myeloma Model. Cells 2020; 9:E2666. [PMID: 33322499 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological disease characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of malignant plasmacells (PCs) in the bone marrow (BM). Despite widespread use of high-dose chemotherapy in combination with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and the introduction of novel agents (immunomodulatory drugs, IMiDs, and proteasome inhibitors, PIs), the prognosis of MM patients is still poor. CD38 is a multifunctional cell-surface glycoprotein with receptor and ectoenzymatic activities. The very high and homogeneous expression of CD38 on myeloma PCs makes it an attractive target for novel therapeutic strategies. Several anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies have been, or are being, developed for the treatment of MM, including daratumumab and isatuximab. Here we provide an in-depth look at CD38 biology, the role of CD38 in MM progression and its complex interactions with the BM microenvironment, the importance of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, and the main mechanisms of antibody resistance. We then review a number of multiparametric flow cytometry techniques exploiting CD38 antigen expression on PCs to diagnose and monitor the response to treatment in MM patients.
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Verkleij CPM, Jhatakia A, Broekmans MEC, Frerichs KA, Zweegman S, Mutis T, Bezman NA, van de Donk NWCJ. Preclinical Rationale for Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis in Combination with a CD38 Antibody in Multiple Myeloma and Other CD38-Positive Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123713. [PMID: 33321969 PMCID: PMC7764511 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The CD38-targeting antibody daratumumab mediates its anti-myeloma activities not only through direct effects on tumor cells, but also by its effects on T-cell immunity through depletion of CD38+ immune suppressor cells. We hypothesized that combining daratumumab with modulators of other potent immune inhibitory pathways, such as the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, may further improve its efficacy. We show that during MM progression there is increased expression of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway components in the bone marrow microenvironment. Although nivolumab (a PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor) moderately increased T-cell frequencies in ex vivo experiments with bone marrow samples from MM patients, no single agent activity was observed, and addition of nivolumab did not enhance the activity of daratumumab in these short-term assays. However, with a longer treatment duration, in mouse experiments, we demonstrate that anti-CD38 and anti-PD-1 antibodies synergize to eradicate MM cells. In addition, our results suggest that this combined immunotherapeutic approach may also be beneficial in other CD38-positive malignancies. Abstract The CD38-targeting antibody daratumumab mediates its anti-myeloma activities not only through Fc-receptor-dependent effector mechanisms, but also by its effects on T-cell immunity through depletion of CD38+ regulatory T-cells, regulatory B-cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Therefore, combining daratumumab with modulators of other potent immune inhibitory pathways, such as the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, may further improve its efficacy. We show that multiple myeloma (MM) cells from relapsed/refractory patients have increased expression of PD-L1, compared to newly diagnosed patients. Furthermore, PD-1 is upregulated on T-cells from both newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory MM patients, compared to healthy controls. In short-term experiments with bone marrow samples from MM patients, daratumumab-mediated lysis was mainly associated with the MM cells’ CD38 expression levels and the effector (NK-cells/monocytes/T-cells)-to-target ratio, but not with the PD-L1 expression levels or PD-1+ T-cell frequencies. Although PD-1 blockade with nivolumab did not affect MM cell viability or enhanced daratumumab-mediated lysis in short-term ex vivo experiments, nivolumab resulted in a mild but clear increase in T-cell numbers. Moreover, with a longer treatment duration, PD-1 blockade markedly improved anti-CD38 antibody-mediated cytotoxicity in vivo in murine CD38+ tumor models. In conclusion, dual targeting of CD38 and PD-1 may represent a promising strategy for treating MM and other CD38-positive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie P. M. Verkleij
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.P.M.V.); (M.E.C.B.); (K.A.F.); (S.Z.); (T.M.)
| | - Amy Jhatakia
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA; (A.J.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Marloes E. C. Broekmans
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.P.M.V.); (M.E.C.B.); (K.A.F.); (S.Z.); (T.M.)
| | - Kristine A. Frerichs
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.P.M.V.); (M.E.C.B.); (K.A.F.); (S.Z.); (T.M.)
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.P.M.V.); (M.E.C.B.); (K.A.F.); (S.Z.); (T.M.)
| | - Tuna Mutis
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.P.M.V.); (M.E.C.B.); (K.A.F.); (S.Z.); (T.M.)
| | - Natalie A. Bezman
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA; (A.J.); (N.A.B.)
- Arsenal Bio, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Niels W. C. J. van de Donk
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.P.M.V.); (M.E.C.B.); (K.A.F.); (S.Z.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)20-4442604
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Piedra-Quintero ZL, Wilson Z, Nava P, Guerau-de-Arellano M. CD38: An Immunomodulatory Molecule in Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:597959. [PMID: 33329591 PMCID: PMC7734206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.597959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 is a molecule that can act as an enzyme, with NAD-depleting and intracellular signaling activity, or as a receptor with adhesive functions. CD38 can be found expressed either on the cell surface, where it may face the extracellular milieu or the cytosol, or in intracellular compartments, such as endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membrane, and mitochondria. The main expression of CD38 is observed in hematopoietic cells, with some cell-type specific differences between mouse and human. The role of CD38 in immune cells ranges from modulating cell differentiation to effector functions during inflammation, where CD38 may regulate cell recruitment, cytokine release, and NAD availability. In line with a role in inflammation, CD38 appears to also play a critical role in inflammatory processes during autoimmunity, although whether CD38 has pathogenic or regulatory effects varies depending on the disease, immune cell, or animal model analyzed. Given the complexity of the physiology of CD38 it has been difficult to completely understand the biology of this molecule during autoimmune inflammation. In this review, we analyze current knowledge and controversies regarding the role of CD38 during inflammation and autoimmunity and novel molecular tools that may clarify current gaps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayda L. Piedra-Quintero
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zachary Wilson
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Porfirio Nava
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), México City, México
| | - Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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227
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Apte SH, Minigo G, Groves PL, Spargo JC, Plebanski M, Grigg MJ, Kenangalem E, Burel JG, Loughland JR, Flanagan KL, Piera KA, William T, Price RN, Woodberry T, Barber BE, Anstey NM, Doolan DL. A population of CD4 hiCD38hi T cells correlates with disease severity in patients with acute malaria. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1209. [PMID: 33282291 PMCID: PMC7684974 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD4+ T cells are critical mediators of immunity to Plasmodium spp. infection, but their characteristics during malarial episodes and immunopathology in naturally infected adults are poorly defined. Flow cytometric analysis of PBMCs from patients with either P. falciparum or P. knowlesi malaria revealed a pronounced population of CD4+ T cells co-expressing very high levels of CD4 and CD38 we have termed CD4hiCD38hi T cells. We set out to gain insight into the function of these novel cells. METHODS CD4+ T cells from 18 patients with P. falciparum or P. knowlesi malaria were assessed by flow cytometry and sorted into populations of CD4hiCD38hi or CD4norm T cells. Gene expression in the sorted populations was assessed by qPCR and NanoString. RESULTS CD4hiCD38hi T cells expressed high levels of CD4 mRNA and canonical type 1 regulatory T-cell (TR1) genes including IL10, IFNG, LAG3 and HAVCR2 (TIM3), and other genes with relevance to cell migration and immunomodulation. These cells increased in proportion to malaria disease severity and were absent after parasite clearance with antimalarials. CONCLUSION In naturally infected adults with acute malaria, a prominent population of type 1 regulatory T cells arises that can be defined by high co-expression of CD4 and CD38 (CD4hiCD38hi) and that correlates with disease severity in patients with falciparum malaria. This study provides fundamental insights into T-cell biology, including the first evidence that CD4 expression is modulated at the mRNA level. These findings have important implications for understanding the balance between immunity and immunopathology during malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon H Apte
- Infectious Diseases ProgramQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia,Present address:
Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles HospitalChermsideQLDAustralia
| | - Gabriela Minigo
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Penny L Groves
- Infectious Diseases ProgramQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Jessie C Spargo
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash UniversityPrahranVICAustralia,School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRMIT UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Mathew J Grigg
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Enny Kenangalem
- Papuan Health and Community Development FoundationTimikaIndonesia
| | - Julie G Burel
- Infectious Diseases ProgramQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia,Present address:
La Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Jessica R Loughland
- Infectious Diseases ProgramQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia,Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Department of Immunology and PathologyMonash UniversityPrahranVICAustralia,School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRMIT UniversityBundooraVICAustralia,School of MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaLauncestonTASAustralia
| | - Kim A Piera
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Timothy William
- School of MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaLauncestonTASAustralia
| | - Ric N Price
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia,Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineCentre for Tropical Medicine and Global HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK,Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research UnitFaculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Tonia Woodberry
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Bridget E Barber
- Infectious Diseases ProgramQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia,Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Nicholas M Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaNTAustralia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Infectious Diseases ProgramQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia,Centre for Molecular TherapeuticsAustralian Institute of Tropical Health & MedicineJames Cook UniversityCairnsQLDAustralia
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228
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Sangwan J, Sen S, Gupta RM, Shanmuganandan K, Grewal RS. Immune activation markers in individuals with HIV-1 disease and their correlation with HIV-1 RNA levels in individuals on antiretroviral therapy. Med J Armed Forces India 2020; 76:402-409. [PMID: 33162648 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and HIV-1 RNA levels are being utilized to predict outcome of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Recently, the role of immune activation in HIV disease progression and response to treatment is being investigated. This study focused on the expression of CD38 and HLA-DR on lymphocyte subsets in various groups of HIV-infected individuals and to determine their association with HIV-1 disease progression. Methods Ninety-eight cases of patients with HIV/AIDS in different disease stages and twenty-four healthy HIV-negative individuals were included in the cross-sectional study. Their immune function and abnormal immune activation markers (CD38 & HLA-DR) were detected using a flowcytometer, and HIV-1 RNA levels in individuals receiving antiretroviral drugs were estimated. Results The immune activation marker levels were significantly different between patients with different disease stages (P < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was observed between peripheral blood CD4+ T cell counts and immune activation markers. Also, a significant positive correlation was observed between HIV-1 RNA levels and CD38+CD8+ T lymphocyte. Conclusion Immune activation markers (CD38 & HLA-DR) increase with disease progression. CD38+ on CD8+ T lymphocyte correlates well with HIV1 RNA levels in individuals failing on antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sangwan
- Associate Professor (Microbiology), SHKM Government Medical College, Mewat, Haryana, India
| | - Sourav Sen
- Professor & Head, Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | | | - K Shanmuganandan
- Professor of Medicine & Rheumatology, Department of General Hospital, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Rajan S Grewal
- Director General Medical Services (Air), O/o DGMS (Air), IHQ, Air Headquarter, RK Puram, New Delhi 110066, India
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229
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Verkleij CP, Frerichs KA, Broekmans M, Absalah S, Maas-Bosman PW, Kruyswijk S, Nijhof IS, Mutis T, Zweegman S, van de Donk NW. T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies targeting BCMA for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4076-4081. [PMID: 33227097 PMCID: PMC7665238 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeting bispecific antibodies and bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) redirect T-cells to BCMA-expressing multiple myeloma (MM) cells. These MM cells are subsequently eliminated via various mechanisms of action including the release of granzymes and perforins. Several phase 1, dose-escalation studies show pronounced activity of BCMA-targeting bispecific antibodies, including teclistamab, AMG420 and CC-93269, in heavily pretreated MM patients. Cytokine release syndrome is the most common adverse event, which can be adequately managed with tocilizumab or steroids. Several clinical trials are currently evaluating combination therapy with a BCMA-specific bispecific antibody, based on preclinical findings showing that immunomodulatory drugs or CD38-targeting antibodies enhance the activity of bispecific antibodies. In addition, bispecific antibodies, targeting other MM cell surface antigens (i. e. GPRC5D, CD38 and FcRH5), are also evaluated in early phase clinical trials. Such bispecific antibodies, targeting other antigens, may be given to patients with low baseline BCMA expression, disease with substantial heterogeneity in BCMA expression, following prior BCMA-targeted therapy, or combined with BCMA bispecific antibodies to prevent development of antigen escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie P.M. Verkleij
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Shared first authors
| | - Kristine A. Frerichs
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Shared first authors
| | - Marloes Broekmans
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saida Absalah
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sandy Kruyswijk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inger S. Nijhof
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tuna Mutis
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niels W.C.J. van de Donk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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230
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Omstead DT, Mejia F, Sjoerdsma J, Kim B, Shin J, Khan S, Wu J, Kiziltepe T, Littlepage LE, Bilgicer B. In vivo evaluation of CD38 and CD138 as targets for nanoparticle-based drug delivery in multiple myeloma. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:145. [PMID: 33138841 PMCID: PMC7607744 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-loaded nanoparticles have established their benefits in the fight against multiple myeloma; however, ligand-targeted nanomedicine has yet to successfully translate to the clinic due to insufficient efficacies reported in preclinical studies. METHODS In this study, liposomal nanoparticles targeting multiple myeloma via CD38 or CD138 receptors are prepared from pre-synthesized, purified constituents to ensure increased consistency over standard synthetic methods. These nanoparticles are then tested both in vitro for uptake to cancer cells and in vivo for accumulation at the tumor site and uptake to tumor cells. Finally, drug-loaded nanoparticles are tested for long-term efficacy in a month-long in vivo study by tracking tumor size and mouse health. RESULTS The targeted nanoparticles are first optimized in vitro and show increased uptake and cytotoxicity over nontargeted nanoparticles, with CD138-targeting showing superior enhancement over CD38-targeted nanoparticles. However, biodistribution and tumor suppression studies established CD38-targeted nanoparticles to have significantly increased in vivo tumor accumulation, tumor cell uptake, and tumor suppression over both nontargeted and CD138-targeted nanoparticles due to the latter's poor selectivity. CONCLUSION These results both highlight a promising cancer treatment option in CD38-targeted nanoparticles and emphasize that targeting success in vitro does not necessarily translate to success in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Omstead
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA
| | - Franklin Mejia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA
| | - Jenna Sjoerdsma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA
| | - Baksun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA
| | - Jaeho Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA
| | - Sabrina Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA
| | - Junmin Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA
| | - Tanyel Kiziltepe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA
- Harper Center Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Laurie E Littlepage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Harper Center Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Basar Bilgicer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 205C McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556-5637, USA.
- Harper Center Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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231
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Huetter FK, Moehlendick B, Knop D, Siffert W. Lack of association of common polymorphisms linked to empathic behavior with self-reported trait empathy in healthy volunteers. Horm Behav 2020; 126:104841. [PMID: 32828797 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previously specified sample of 421 healthy subjects, we found associations of a common oxytocin receptor (OXTR) polymorphism with self-reported trait empathy. In this study, we used this sample to explore polymorphisms in other genes which have been frequently linked to empathic behavior for associations with self-reported trait empathy: CD38 (CD38), involved in oxytocin secretion, the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) and the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1). METHODS We genotyped our sample for the following common polymorphisms: rs3796863 in the CD38 gene, 5-HTTLPR in the SLC6A4 gene, rs4680 in the COMT gene and rs242924 in the CRHR1 gene. Dispositional empathy was tested using Davis' Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). We used a Bonferroni corrected alpha level of p = 0.002 to adjust for multiple comparisons. RESULTS None of the genotypes were associated with any of the IRI scales for the complete sample (n = 421) or for the sub-groups of male (n = 213) and female (n = 190) participants. Our sample of 421 participants achieved 95% power to detect effects greater than r = ±0.18. For smaller effects, however, false negatives could not be rejected with equal confidence as false positives. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that an association between the four polymorphisms with trait empathy measured by the IRI may not be present. We propose that the associations that have been found in other studies can be largely explained by differences in empathy-related constructs and measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Korbinian Huetter
- Institut für Pharmakogenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Birte Moehlendick
- Institut für Pharmakogenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Knop
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Winfried Siffert
- Institut für Pharmakogenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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232
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Huang W, He W, Shi X, Ye Q, He X, Dou L, Gao Y. Mucosal-associated invariant T-cells are severely reduced and exhausted in humans with chronic HBV infection. J Viral Hepat 2020; 27:1096-1107. [PMID: 32510704 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (CHBV) infection is a major cause of liver diseases. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are important for antiviral immunity in the liver, but the distinction between intrasinusoidal and peripheral MAIT cells in patients with CHBV infections remains unclear. PBMCs were obtained from patients with CHBV infections (n = 29) and age-matched controls (n = 46). Liver-associated mononuclear cells (LMCs) were collected from healthy donors (n = 29) and explanted livers (n = 19) from patients and used for phenotypic, functional and TCR diversity analyses. The percentages of both peripheral and intrasinusoidal MAIT cells were significantly reduced in the CHBV infection group compared to the control group. Peripheral MAIT cells from CHBV-infected patients expressed higher levels of HLA-DR, CD69, CD38 and PD-1 than those of controls. We also confirmed that peripheral MAIT cells in HBV patients had elevated expression T-cell exhaustion genes. Except for a difference in the level of PD-1, no differences were observed between the liver MAIT cells of the two groups. The production of IFN-α in peripheral MAIT cells of CHBV infection patients was lower than in control patients, but no such difference was observed in liver MAIT cells. Additionally, a distinct TCR signature was found in CHBV patients. Hence, we found distinct activities and functions in liver and peripheral MAIT cells of patients with CHBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Huang
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing He
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Shi
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyu Ye
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshun He
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Dou
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifang Gao
- Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Minnix M, Adhikarla V, Caserta E, Poku E, Rockne R, Shively JE, Pichiorri F. Comparison of CD38-Targeted α- Versus β-Radionuclide Therapy of Disseminated Multiple Myeloma in an Animal Model. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:795-801. [PMID: 33127621 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.251983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies for multiple myeloma (MM) include the anti-CD38 antibody daratumumab, which, in addition to its inherent cytotoxicity, can be radiolabeled with tracers for imaging and with β- and α-emitter radionuclides for radioimmunotherapy. Methods: We have compared the potential therapeutic efficacy of β- versus α-emitter radioimmunotherapy using radiolabeled DOTA-daratumumab in a preclinical model of disseminated multiple myeloma. Multiple dose levels were investigated to find the dose with the highest efficacy and lowest toxicity. Results: In a dose–response study with the β-emitter 177Lu-DOTA-daratumumab, the lowest tested dose, 1.85 MBq, extended survival from 37 to 47 d but did not delay tumor growth. Doses of 3.7 and 7.4 MBq extended survival to 55 and 58 d, respectively, causing a small equivalent delay in tumor growth, followed by regrowth. The higher dose, 11.1 MBq, eradicated the tumor but had no effect on survival compared with untreated controls, because of whole-body toxicity. In contrast, the α-emitter 225Ac-DOTA-daratumumab had a dose-dependent effect, in which 0.925, 1.85, and 3.7 kBq increased survival, compared with untreated controls (35 d), to 47, 52, and 73 d, respectively, with a significant delay in tumor growth for all 3 doses. Higher doses of 11.1 and 22.2 kBq resulted in equivalent survival to 82 d but with significant whole-body toxicity. Parallel studies with untargeted 225Ac-DOTA-trastuzumab conferred no improvement over untreated controls and resulted in whole-body toxicity. Conclusion: We conclude, and mathematic modeling confirms, that maximal biologic doses were achieved by targeted α-therapy and demonstrated 225Ac to be superior to 177Lu in delaying tumor growth and decreasing whole-body toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Minnix
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Vikram Adhikarla
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Enrico Caserta
- Briskin Myeloma Center and Department of Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California; and
| | | | - Russell Rockne
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - John E Shively
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Briskin Myeloma Center and Department of Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California; and
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234
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Graeff R, Guedes A, Quintana R, Wendt-Hornickle E, Baldo C, Walseth T, O’Grady S, Kannan M. Novel Pathway of Adenosine Generation in the Lungs from NAD +: Relevance to Allergic Airway Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214966. [PMID: 33120985 PMCID: PMC7663290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine and uric acid (UA) play a pivotal role in lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the present experiments, we measured adenosine synthesis from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in membranes prepared from wild type (WT) and CD38 knockout (CD38KO) mouse lungs, from cultured airway smooth muscle and epithelial cells, and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after airway challenge with epidemiologically relevant allergens. Adenosine was determined using an enzymatically coupled assay that produces ATP and is detected by luminescence. Uric acid was determined by ELISA. Exposure of cultured airway epithelial cells to Alternaria alternata extract caused significant nucleotide (NAD+ and ATP) release in the culture media. The addition of NAD+ to membranes prepared from WT mice resulted in faster generation of adenosine compared to membranes from CD38KO mice. Formation of adenosine from NAD+ affected UA and ATP concentrations, its main downstream molecules. Furthermore, NAD+ and adenosine concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid decreased significantly following airway challenge with house-dust mite extract in WT but not in CD38KO mice. Thus, NAD+ is a significant source of adenosine and UA in the airways in mouse models of allergic airway disease, and the capacity for their generation from NAD+ is augmented by CD38, a major NADase with high affinity for NAD+. This novel non-canonical NAD+-adenosine-UA pathway that is triggered by allergens has not been previously described in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Graeff
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Alonso Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (A.G.); (R.Q.); (E.W.-H.); (C.B.)
| | - Ruth Quintana
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (A.G.); (R.Q.); (E.W.-H.); (C.B.)
| | - Erin Wendt-Hornickle
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (A.G.); (R.Q.); (E.W.-H.); (C.B.)
| | - Caroline Baldo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (A.G.); (R.Q.); (E.W.-H.); (C.B.)
| | - Timothy Walseth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Scott O’Grady
- Department of Animal Science, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Mathur Kannan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
- Correspondence:
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235
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Chiba Y, Matsumoto M, Hanazaki M, Sakai H. Downregulation of miR-140-3p Contributes to Upregulation of CD38 Protein in Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7982. [PMID: 33121100 PMCID: PMC7663226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In allergic bronchial asthma, an increased smooth muscle contractility of the airways is one of the causes of the airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Increasing evidence also suggests a possible involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in airway diseases, including asthma, although their roles in function and pathology largely unknown. The current study aimed to determine the role of a miRNA, miR-140-3p, in the control of protein expression of CD38, which is believed to regulate the contraction of smooth muscles, including the airways. In bronchial smooth muscles (BSMs) of the mice that were actively sensitized and repeatedly challenged with ovalbumin antigen, an upregulation of CD38 protein concurrently with a significant reduction of miR-140-3p was observed. In cultured human BSM cells (hBSMCs), transfection with a synthetic miR-140-3p inhibitor caused an increase in CD38 protein, indicating that its basal protein expression is regulated by endogenous miR-140-3p. Treatment of the hBSMCs with interleukin-13 (IL-13), an asthma-related cytokine, caused both an upregulation of CD38 protein and a downregulation of miR-140-3p. Transfection of the hBSMCs with miR-140-3p mimic inhibited the CD38 protein upregulation induced by IL-13. On the other hand, neither a CD38 product cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) nor its antagonist 8-bromo-cADPR had an effect on the BSM contraction even in the antigen-challenged mice. Taken together, the current findings suggest that the downregulation of miR-140-3p induced by IL-13 might cause an upregulation of CD38 protein in BSM cells of the disease, although functional and pathological roles of the upregulated CD38 are still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Chiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Mayumi Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Motohiko Hanazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.M.); (M.H.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan;
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236
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Frederick DW, McDougal AV, Semenas M, Vappiani J, Nuzzo A, Ulrich JC, Becherer JD, Preugschat F, Stewart EL, Sévin DC, Kramer HF. Complementary NAD + replacement strategies fail to functionally protect dystrophin-deficient muscle. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:30. [PMID: 33092650 PMCID: PMC7579925 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle wasting disorder stemming from a loss of functional dystrophin. Current therapeutic options for DMD are limited, as small molecule modalities remain largely unable to decrease the incidence or mitigate the consequences of repetitive mechanical insults to the muscle during eccentric contractions (ECCs). METHODS Using a metabolomics-based approach, we observed distinct and transient molecular phenotypes in muscles of dystrophin-deficient MDX mice subjected to ECCs. Among the most chronically depleted metabolites was nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), an essential metabolic cofactor suggested to protect muscle from structural and metabolic degeneration over time. We tested whether the MDX muscle NAD pool can be expanded for therapeutic benefit using two complementary small molecule strategies: provision of a biosynthetic precursor, nicotinamide riboside, or specific inhibition of the NAD-degrading ADP-ribosyl cyclase, CD38. RESULTS Administering a novel, potent, and orally available CD38 antagonist to MDX mice successfully reverted a majority of the muscle metabolome toward the wildtype state, with a pronounced impact on intermediates of the pentose phosphate pathway, while supplementing nicotinamide riboside did not significantly affect the molecular phenotype of the muscle. However, neither strategy sustainably increased the bulk tissue NAD pool, lessened muscle damage markers, nor improved maximal hindlimb strength following repeated rounds of eccentric challenge and recovery. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of dystrophin, eccentric injury contributes to chronic intramuscular NAD depletion with broad pleiotropic effects on the molecular phenotype of the tissue. These molecular consequences can be more effectively overcome by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of CD38 than by supplementing nicotinamide riboside. However, we found no evidence that either small molecule strategy is sufficient to restore muscle contractile function or confer protection from eccentric injury, undermining the modulation of NAD metabolism as a therapeutic approach for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Frederick
- Muscle Metabolism Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Research Triangle Park, NC, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Alan V McDougal
- Muscle Metabolism Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Research Triangle Park, NC, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Melisa Semenas
- Muscle Metabolism Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Research Triangle Park, NC, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | - Andrea Nuzzo
- Target Sciences, Computational Biology, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - John C Ulrich
- Muscle Metabolism Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Research Triangle Park, NC, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - J David Becherer
- Muscle Metabolism Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Research Triangle Park, NC, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Frank Preugschat
- Muscle Metabolism Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Research Triangle Park, NC, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Eugene L Stewart
- Computational Sciences, Molecular Design, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA.
| | | | - H Fritz Kramer
- Muscle Metabolism Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Research Triangle Park, NC, Collegeville, PA, USA
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237
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Horenstein AL, Faini AC, Morandi F, Bracci C, Lanza F, Giuliani N, Paulus A, Malavasi F. The Circular Life of Human CD38: From Basic Science to Clinics and Back. Molecules 2020; 25:E4844. [PMID: 33096610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were initially considered as a possible “magic bullet” for in vivo elimination of tumor cells. mAbs represented the first step: however, as they were murine in nature (the earliest experience on the field), they were considered unfit for human applications. This prompted the development of techniques for cloning the variable regions of conventional murine antibodies, genetically mounted on human IgG. The last step in this years-long process was the design for the preparation of fully human reagents. The choice of the target molecule was also problematic, since cancer-specific targets are quite limited in number. To overcome this obstacle in the planning phases of antibody-mediated therapy, attention was focused on a set of normal molecules, whose quantitative distribution may balance a tissue-dependent generalized expression. The results and clinical success obtained with anti-CD20 mAbs revived interest in this type of strategy. Using multiple myeloma (MM) as a tumor model was challenging first of all because the plasma cells and their neoplastic counterpart eluded the efforts of the Workshop on Differentiation Antigens to find a target molecule exclusively expressed by these cells. For this reason, attention was turned to surface molecules which fulfill the requisites of being reasonably good targets, even if not specifically restricted to tumor cells. In 2009, we proposed CD38 as a MM target in virtue of its expression: it is absent on early hematological progenitors, has variable but generalized limited expression by normal cells, but is extremely high in plasma cells and in myeloma. Further, regulation of its expression appeared to be dependent on a variety of factors, including exposure to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a potent and highly specific inducer of CD38 expression in human promyelocytic leukemia cells that are now approved for in vivo use. This review discusses the history of human CD38, from its initial characterization to its targeting in antibody-mediated therapy of human myeloma.
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238
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Joe Y, Chen Y, Park J, Kim HJ, Rah SY, Ryu J, Cho GJ, Choi HS, Ryter SW, Park JW, Kim UH, Chung HT. Cross-talk between CD38 and TTP Is Essential for Resolution of Inflammation during Microbial Sepsis. Cell Rep 2020; 30:1063-1076.e5. [PMID: 31995750 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The resolution phase of acute inflammation is essential for tissue homeostasis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We demonstrate that resolution of inflammation involves interactions between CD38 and tristetraprolin (TTP). During the onset of acute inflammation, CD38 levels are increased, leading to the production of Ca2+-signaling messengers, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), ADP ribose (ADPR), and cyclic ADPR (cADPR) from NAD(P)+. To initiate the onset of resolution, TTP expression is increased by the second messengers, NAADP and cADPR, which downregulate CD38 expression. The activation of TTP by Sirt1-dependent deacetylation, in response to increased NAD+ levels, suppresses the acute inflammatory response and decreases Rheb expression, inhibits mTORC1, and induces autophagolysosomes for bacterial clearance. TTP may represent a mechanistic target of anti-inflammatory agents, such as carbon monoxide. TTP mediates crosstalk between acute inflammation and autophagic clearance of bacteria from damaged tissue in the resolution of inflammation during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsoo Joe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Yingqing Chen
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca(2+) signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; Dalian University Medical College, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Jeongmin Park
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - So-Young Rah
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca(2+) signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Jinhyun Ryu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52728, Korea
| | - Gyeong Jae Cho
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52728, Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Stefan W Ryter
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca(2+) signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea.
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Takada-Owada A, Nozawa Y, Onozaki M, Noda S, Jamiyan T, Tokura Y, Nakazato Y, Kamai T, Ishida K. Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of renal pelvis with positive zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1: a case report. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:124. [PMID: 33032610 PMCID: PMC7545836 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-01043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor transformation mechanism of a plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma remains unexplained. We describe the case of a plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis in which the expression of zinc finger E–box–binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), a key nuclear transcription factor in an epithelial–mesenchymal transition, is involved in tumor transformation. Case presentation The patient had a left nephrectomy with the clinical diagnosis of left pelvic renal cancer. The resected specimen showed that the tumor surface comprised a noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma with the carcinoma in situ, and the invasive area comprised a plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma characterized by the presence of single dyscohesive malignant cells that resembled plasma cells in a loose myxoid stroma. The noninvasive urothelial carcinoma was positive for cytokeratin and E–cadherin, and negative for vimentin and ZEB1. In contrast, the invasive plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma was positive for cytokeratin and also vimentin and ZEB1, and negative for E–cadherin. Additionally, this component was immunoreactive for CD138 and CD38 that are immunohistochemical markers for plasma cells. Conclusion We suggest that ZEB1 is involved in the plasmacytoid transformation by repressing the E–cadherin in a plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Takada-Owada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yumi Nozawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Masato Onozaki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Shuhei Noda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Tsengelmaa Jamiyan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yuumi Tokura
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakazato
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Takao Kamai
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ishida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapy for patients with multiple myeloma has improved dramatically over the past decade following the introduction of novel agents and combinations across the disease spectrum. When relapse or refractory disease develops, non-cross-resistant drugs, most often used in multidrug regimens, have provided significant improvements in patient outcomes. Despite these advances, myeloma remains incurable and additional therapeutic approaches, based on emerging molecular and cellular biology, are moving rapidly through development phases. Approaches new to myeloma, including antibody-drug conjugates, T-cell-directed therapies, and novel small molecules, are poised to bring in the next wave of treatment. AREAS COVERED This review addresses recent data for the management of relapsed/refractory disease, rationale for agent and regimen selection and combinations, and options showing early promise in trials. Literature and abstracts pertaining to trial data published or presented up to 2019 are included. EXPERT OPINION Therapeutic strategies continue to evolve in myeloma, with the application of existing platforms (e.g., antibody-drug conjugates) to target relevant biology (e.g., B cell maturation antigen). Within the next year, there will be additional agents approved for those with advanced disease, and combinations as well as placement in sequencing will deepen responses and improve outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn T Maples
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Emory University Hospitals and Winship Cancer Institute , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nisha S Joseph
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R Donald Harvey
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University , Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
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241
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Preeyaa SU, Murugesan A, Sopnajothi S, Yong YK, Tan HY, Larsson M, Velu V, Shankar EM. Peripheral Follicular T Helper Cells and Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Represent Activated Phenotypes During the Febrile Phase of Acute Dengue Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2020; 33:610-615. [PMID: 32996843 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral follicular helper T (pTfh) cells represent specialized CD4+ T cells that help B cells to secrete antibodies. Dengue infection appears to cause immune activation in a wide array of immune cells. Herein, we investigated the signatures of immune activation of circulating Tfh cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in adult subjects with confirmed acute clinical dengue virus (DENV) infection by multiparametric flow cytometry. The acute DENV infection induced a significant expansion of highly activated pTfh cells and circulating MAIT cells during acute febrile infection. We found a higher frequency of activated PD-1+ Tfh cells and CD38+ pTfh cells in clinical DENV infection. We also found similar activated and expanding phenotypes of MAIT cells in the patients tested. The total counts of activated pTfh cells and circulating MAIT cells were higher in dengue patients relative to healthy controls. We concluded that pTfh cells and circulating MAIT cells represent activated phenotypes in acute DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathappan U Preeyaa
- Infection Biology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Amudhan Murugesan
- Department of Microbiology, Government Theni Medical College and Hospital, Theni, India
| | | | - Yean K Yong
- Laboratory Center, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Hong Y Tan
- Laboratory Center, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Marie Larsson
- Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Esaki M Shankar
- Infection Biology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
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242
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Benzi A, Sturla L, Heine M, Fischer AW, Spinelli S, Magnone M, Sociali G, Parodi A, Fenoglio D, Emionite L, Koch-Nolte F, Mittrücker HW, Guse AH, De Flora A, Zocchi E, Heeren J, Bruzzone S. CD38 downregulation modulates NAD + and NADP(H) levels in thermogenic adipose tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158819. [PMID: 33010451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Different strategies to boost NAD+ levels are considered promising means to promote healthy aging and ameliorate dysfunctional metabolism. CD38 is a NAD+-dependent enzyme involved in the regulation of different cell functions. In the context of systemic energy metabolism, it has been demonstrated that brown adipocytes, the parenchymal cells of brown adipose tissue (BAT) as well as beige adipocytes that emerge in white adipose tissue (WAT) depots in response to catabolic conditions, are important to maintain metabolic homeostasis. In this study we aim to understand the functional relevance of CD38 for NAD+ and energy metabolism in BAT and WAT, also using a CD38-/- mouse model. During cold exposure, an increase in NAD+ levels occurred in BAT of wild type mice, together with a marked downregulation of CD38, as detected at the mRNA and protein level. CD38 downregulation was observed also in WAT of cold-exposed mice, where it was accompanied by a strong increase in NADP(H) levels. Accordingly, NAD kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were enhanced in WAT (but not in BAT). Increased NAD+ levels were observed in BAT/WAT from CD38-/- compared with wild type mice, in line with CD38 being a major NAD+-consumer in AT. CD38-/- mice kept at 6 °C had higher levels of Ucp1 and Pgc-1α in BAT and WAT, and increased levels of phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase in BAT, compared with wild type mice. These results demonstrate that CD38, by modulating cellular NAD(P)+ levels, is involved in the regulation of thermogenic responses in cold-activated BAT and WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Benzi
- DIMES-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Sturla
- DIMES-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Italy.
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonia Spinelli
- DIMES-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Italy
| | - Mirko Magnone
- DIMES-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniela Fenoglio
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Emionite
- Animal Facility, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Guse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Elena Zocchi
- DIMES-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Italy
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Jiao Y, Yi M, Xu L, Chu Q, Yan Y, Luo S, Wu K. CD38: targeted therapy in multiple myeloma and therapeutic potential for solid cancers. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1295-1308. [PMID: 32822558 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1814253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD38 is expressed by some cells of hematological malignancies and tumor-related immunosuppressive cells, including regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. CD38 is an effective target in some hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma (MM). Daratumumab (Dara), a CD38-targeting antibody, can eliminate CD38high immune suppressor cells and is regarded as a standard therapy for MM because of its outstanding clinical efficacy. Other CD38 monospecific antibodies, such as isatuximab, MOR202, and TAK079, showed promising effects in clinical trials. AREA COVERED This review examines the expression, function, and targeting of CD38 in MM and its potential to deplete immunosuppressive cells in solid cancers. We summarize the distribution and biological function of CD38 and discuss the application of anti-CD38 drugs in hematological malignancies. We also analyz the role of CD38+ immune cells in the tumor microenvironment to encourage additional investigations that target CD38 in solid cancers. PubMed and ClinicalTrials were searched to identify relevant literature from the database inception to 30 April 2020. EXPERT OPINION There is convincing evidence that CD38-targeted immunotherapeutics reduce CD38+ immune suppressor cells. This result suggests that CD38 can be exploited to treat solid tumors by regulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Linping Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Yongxiang Yan
- R & D Department, Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd , Wuhan, China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital , Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital , Zhengzhou, China
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Cronk RJ, Zurko J, Shah NN. Bispecific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy for B Cell Malignancies and Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2523. [PMID: 32899464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In relapsed, refractory B cell malignancies and multiple myeloma, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has represented a major scientific advancement with high response rates and durable responses for many. Nonetheless, target antigen downregulation in tumor cells can lead to poor responses and relapsed disease. Current FDA approved CAR T cell therapies only target a single B-cell specific cell marker. While effective, single targeted CAR T cell therapy can lead selective pressure against the target antigen leading to loss of expression and tumor cell escape. Simultaneous dual antigen targeting CAR therapy has been evaluated in multiple early phase clinical trials in response to these clinical challenges in hopes of improving response rates and preventing relapse. This article discusses the limitations of single targeted CAR T cell therapy, approaches to dual antigen targeting, and the results of early phase trials utilizing dual antigen targeting CAR T cell therapy. Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cell therapy offers a targeted immunotherapeutic approach to patients with refractory hematological malignancies. This technology is most advanced in B cell malignancies and multiple myeloma and is rapidly evolving as more data become available regarding clinical efficacy and response durability. Despite excellent initial response rates with single antigen targeting CARs, failure to respond to therapy and relapse due to target antigen downregulation remain clinical challenges. To mitigate immunophenotypic selective pressures, simultaneous dual antigen targeting with bispecific CAR T cells or multiple administration of different populations of CAR T cells may prevent relapse by addressing one resistance mechanism attributed to antigenic loss. This article will review recently published data on the use of dual targeting with CAR T cells from early phase clinical trials aimed at treating B cell malignancies and multiple myeloma.
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Storti P, Costa F, Marchica V, Burroughs-Garcia J, Dalla Palma B, Toscani D, Eufemiese RA, Giuliani N. Novel Approaches to Improve Myeloma Cell Killing by Monoclonal Antibodies. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2864. [PMID: 32899714 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have significantly changed the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. However, despite their introduction, MM remains an incurable disease. The mAbs currently used for MM treatment were developed with different mechanisms of action able to target antigens, such as cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) and SLAM family member 7 (SLAMF7) expressed by both, MM cells and the immune microenvironment cells. In this review, we focused on the mechanisms of action of the main mAbs approved for the therapy of MM, and on the possible novel approaches to improve MM cell killing by mAbs. Actually, the combination of anti-CD38 or anti-SLAMF7 mAbs with the immunomodulatory drugs significantly improved the clinical effect in MM patients. On the other hand, pre-clinical evidence indicates that different approaches may increase the efficacy of mAbs. The use of trans-retinoic acid, the cyclophosphamide or the combination of anti-CD47 and anti-CD137 mAbs have given the rationale to design these types of combinations therapies in MM patients in the future. In conclusion, a better understanding of the mechanism of action of the mAbs will allow us to develop novel therapeutic approaches to improve their response rate and to overcome their resistance in MM patients.
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Zhang MJ, Gao W, Liu S, Siu SPK, Yin M, Ng JCW, Chow VLY, Chan JYW, Wong TS. CD38 triggers inflammasome-mediated pyroptotic cell death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2895-2908. [PMID: 33042624 PMCID: PMC7539785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory cell death. Although it is recognized that NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome is involved in pyroptosis activation, the mechanism by which head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) inhibits pyroptotic cell death remains undefined. This study aims to delineate the role of calcium regulator CD38 in NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis in HNSCC. METHODS CD38 overexpressing HNSCC cell lines (SAS, CAL27, SNU899) were generated using lentiviral vectors. NLRP3 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) quantity were detected using Western blot. Caspase-1 activity changes were measured using the Caspase-Glo® 1 inflammasome assay. Cell death proportion was determined by flow cytometry analysis. Proliferation assay was performed using xCELLigence RTCA system. Mouse xenotransplantation was performed to evaluate the potential oncogenic or tumor-suppressive function of CD38. ChIP assay was conducted to verify whether transcription factor NFAT1-mediated NLRP3 expression. RESULTS Exogenous calcium treatment can lead to a significant increase in caspase-1 activity in HNSCC. This feature was also observed in HNSCC cells with stable CD38 overexpression. CD38-overexpressing cell lines showed a significant reduction in proliferation. Further, expression of NLRP3 protein level was significantly increased in CD38-overexpressing cell lines. The N-terminal effector domain of GSDMD was remarkably increased in the CD38-overexpressing HNSCC. ChIP assay indicated that calcium-sensitive transcription factor NFAT1 was possibly involved in the transcriptional upregulation of NLRP3 observed in CD38-overexpressing HNSCC. The pre-clinical xenograft model revealed that CD38 expression had an inhibiting function on HNSCC progression. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggested that activation of pyroptosis in HNSCC is a calcium-dependent process. Reduced expression of calcium ion regulator CD38 functions could prevent inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in HNSCC. CD38 may function as a tumor suppressor in HNSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Juan Zhang
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sharie Pui-Kei Siu
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, China
| | - Judy Chun-Wai Ng
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Velda Ling-Yu Chow
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jimmy Yu-Wai Chan
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thian-Sze Wong
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Abstract
CD38 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is widely expressed in a variety of human tissues and cells, especially those in the immune system. CD38 protein was previously considered as a cell activation marker, and today monoclonal antibodies targeting CD38 have witnessed great achievements in multiple myeloma and promoted researchers to conduct research on other tumors. In this review, we provide a wide-ranging review of the biology and function of the human molecule outside the field of myeloma. We focus mainly on current research findings to summarize and update the findings gathered from diverse areas of study. Based on these findings, we attempt to extend the role of CD38 in the context of therapy of solid tumors and expand the role of the molecule from a simple marker to an immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rui Yang
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Limo Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009 USA
| | - Sufang Wu
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Lidický O, Klener P, Machová D, Vočková P, Pokorná E, Helman K, Mavis C, Janoušková O, Etrych T. Overcoming resistance to rituximab in relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphomas by antibody-polymer drug conjugates actively targeted by anti- CD38 daratumumab. J Control Release 2020; 328:160-170. [PMID: 32860930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL) represent the most common type of hematologic malignancies in the Western hemisphere. The therapy of all B-NHL is based on the combination of different genotoxic cytostatics and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) rituximab. Unfortunately, many patients relapse after the mentioned front-line treatment approaches. The therapy of patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-NHL represents an unmet medical need. We designed, developed and tested novel actively targeted hybrid mAb-polymer-drug conjugate (APDC) containing anti-CD20, anti-CD38 or anti-CD19 mAbs. Biocompatible copolymers based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) with cytostatic agent doxorubicin attached via stimuli-sensitive hydrazone bond were employed for the mAb grafting. Anti-lymphoma efficacy of the APDC nanotherapeutics was evaluated in vivo on a panel of three patient-derived lymphoma xenografts derived from two patients with R/R B-NHL and one patient with so far untreated B-NHL. In both PDX models derived from patients with R/R B-NHL, the targeting with anti-CD38 antibody daratumumab demonstrated highly improved anti-lymphoma efficacy compared to the targeting with anti-CD20 rituximab, two experimental anti-CD19 antibodies and non-targeted controls. The results represent a proof-of-concept of a new algorithm of personalized anti-tumor therapy based on highly innovative APDC biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Lidický
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klener
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 5, 128 53 Prague 2, Czech Republic; First Department of Internal Medicine- Hematology, University General Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Machová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Vočková
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 5, 128 53 Prague 2, Czech Republic; First Department of Internal Medicine- Hematology, University General Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pokorná
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 5, 128 53 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Helman
- Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cory Mavis
- Department of Medicine Lymphoma/Myeloma, Roswell Park, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States of America
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Wu Y, Lu Y, Zou F, Fan X, Li X, Zhang H, Chen H, Sun X, Liu Y. PTEN participates in airway remodeling of asthma by regulating CD38/Ca 2+/CREB signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16326-16340. [PMID: 32889801 PMCID: PMC7485701 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Both phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) have been suggested to be key regulators of the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the precise role and molecular mechanisms by which PTEN and CD38 are involved in airway remodeling throughout asthma pathogenesis remains poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the role of PTEN and CD38 in airway remodeling of asthma. Exposure to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells markedly decreased PTEN expression, and increased expression of CD38. Overexpression of PTEN suppressed the expression of CD38 and downregulated proliferation and migration induced by TNF-α stimulation, which was partially reversed by CD38 overexpression. PTEN/CD38 axis regulated Ca2+ levels and cyclic AMP response-element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in TNF-α-stimulated ASM cells. The in vitro knockdown of CD38 or overexpression of PTEN remarkably restricted airway remodeling and decreased Ca2+ concentrations and CREB phosphorylation in asthmatic mice. CD38 overexpression abolished the inhibitory effects of PTEN overexpression on airway remodeling. These findings demonstrate that PTEN inhibits airway remodeling of asthma through the downregulation of CD38-mediated Ca2+/CREB signaling, highlighting a key role of PTEN/CD38/Ca2+/CREB signaling in the molecular pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Yiyi Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Fan Zou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Xinping Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Hongni Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Haijuan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Xiuzhen Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, PR China
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Kastritis E, Theodorakakou F, Roussou M, Psimenou E, Gakiopoulou C, Marinaki S, Gatou A, Fotiou D, Migkou M, Kanellias N, Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou E, Malandrakis P, Dialoupi I, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Kostopoulos IV, Terpos E, Gavriatopoulou M, Dimopoulos MA. Daratumumab-based therapy for patients with monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance. Br J Haematol 2020; 193:113-118. [PMID: 32829529 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of the plasma cell clone in monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) is necessary in order to reduce toxic immunoglobulin load to the kidneys and salvage renal function. There are limited data on the use of daratumumab in patients with MGRS. We summarize our experience with the use of daratumumab-based therapy in 25 MGRS patients, 12 of whom were previously untreated. The median follow-up of the cohort is 14 months. The best overall haematologic response in evaluable patients was complete response (CR) in five (22%), very good partial response (VGPR) in five (22%) and partial response (PR) in seven (30%) patients for an overall response rate of 74%. Two of five patients in CR and two patients with initially detectable clones, but non-measurable immunoglobulins, had undetectable minimal residual disease (MRD) with next-generation flow cytometry (NGF) after therapy. Haematologic response rate for previously untreated patients was 83% vs. 69% for previously treated and for daratumumab combinations it was 91% vs. 64%, and with CR/VGPR 82% vs. 29%, compared to daratumumab monotherapy. At six months, 12/22 (55%) patients not on dialysis achieved a reduction of proteinuria >30%, of at least 0·5 g/24 h, without an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reduction. The toxicity was mild and predictable. In conclusion, daratumumab-based therapy is a new option for patients with MGRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Foteini Theodorakakou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Roussou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Erasmia Psimenou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Charikleia Gakiopoulou
- 1st Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Smaragdi Marinaki
- Nephrology Unit, "Laikon" Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Despina Fotiou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Magdalini Migkou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kanellias
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Malandrakis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Dialoupi
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis V Kostopoulos
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios A Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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