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Zhang B, Yan X, Li Y, Zhu H, Lu Z, Jia Z. Trends in Methamphetamine Use in the Mainland of China, 2006-2015. Front Public Health 2022; 10:852837. [PMID: 35570894 PMCID: PMC9096246 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.852837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methamphetamine is the most prevalent drug in the mainland of China, yet few studies on the non-medical use of methamphetamine nationwide have been conducted. This study aimed to examine the trends in the prevalence of non-medical methamphetamine use and to explore the flow pattern of internal migrant methamphetamine users in the mainland of China. Methods Data were extracted from the National Dynamic Management and Control Database for Drug Users (NDMCD). Joinpoint regressions were used to examine trends in the prevalence and population size of methamphetamine use. Results A total of 1,821,468 methamphetamine use cases registered in NDMCD from 2006 to 2015 were identified. The number of methamphetamine use cases presented an increasing trend in all age subgroups, and among them, the elderly increased the fastest [annual percent change (APC2006−2015), 122.9; 95% CI, 113.0–133.3; p < 0.001]. The prevalence of methamphetamine use increased from 4.69 per 100,000 population in 2008 to 45.38 per 100,000 population in 2015 (APC2008−2015, 36.1; 95% CI, 31.9–40.6; p < 0.001). The regions of the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration absorbed over 96% of all internal migrant methamphetamine use cases, and the number of migrant methamphetamine use cases presented increased trends in these three regions. Conclusions The increasing trends in methamphetamine use have become a threat to all age groups in China. Substance use prevention programs should focus on internal migrant drug users, especially in economically developed regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Yan
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjie Li
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhu
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongwei Jia
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Drug Abuse Control and Prevention, National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
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202
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Chavez-Baray SM, Martinez O, Chaparro P, Moya EM. The Use of Photovoice Methodology to Assess Health Needs and Identify Opportunities Among Migrant Transgender Women in the U.S.-Mexico Border. Front Public Health 2022; 10:865944. [PMID: 35664104 PMCID: PMC9160798 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.865944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial, social and structural conditions have rarely been studied among transgender women in the U.S.-Mexico Border. This study used Photovoice methodology to empower migrant transgender women of color (TWC) to reflect on realities from their own perspectives and experiences and promote critical dialogue, knowledge, and community action. Sixteen participants documented their daily experiences through photography, engaged in photo-discussions to assess needs and identify opportunities, and developed a community-informed Call to Action. Four major themes emerged from the participants' photographs, discussions, and engagement: (1) mental health, (2) migration experiences and challenges, (3) stigma, discrimination, and resiliency, and (4) impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through active community engagement, a Call to Action was developed. A binational advisory committee of decision makers and scholars reviewed a set of recommendations to better respond to the needs of TWC in the U.S.-Mexico Border. Photovoice served as an empowerment tool for TWC to assess the myriad of syndemic conditions, including mental health, stigma, discrimination and COVID-19, affecting them daily and identify initiatives for change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M. Chavez-Baray
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States,Chicano Studies, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States,Border Biomedical Research Center, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Silvia M. Chavez-Baray
| | - Omar Martinez
- School of Social Work, College of Public Health, Temple University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Omar Martinez
| | - Perla Chaparro
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Eva M. Moya
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States,Border Biomedical Research Center, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States,Eva M. Moya
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203
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Rajkumar V, McCausland K, Lobo R. A Rapid Review of Interventions to Increase Hepatitis B Testing, Treatment, and Monitoring among Migrants Living in Australia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19105947. [PMID: 35627481 PMCID: PMC9141177 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) disproportionately affects migrants with low health literacy and help-seeking behaviour living in high-income countries. Evidence of effective interventions is required to increase hepatitis B (HBV) testing, treatment, and monitoring. Available evidence from Medline, Embase, Scopus, Google, and Google Scholar was identified, collated, and synthesised. Inclusion criteria included grey and peer-reviewed literature published in English between January 2012 and December 2021. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were excluded. Seventeen peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. Most interventions were conducted at the individual level and were typically outreach testing initiatives. One study was conducted at a structural level. All studies were successful in encouraging HBV screening uptake, and 10 studies demonstrated effective linkage to care. Two studies showed evidence of monitoring participants post-intervention. Most interventions had more female than male participants. Interventions conducted across community and clinical-based settings had more participants engage in screening and/or linkage to care in community settings. Effective interventions to prevent HBV transmission and CHB-related morbidity and mortality were approaches that utilised linguistic-specific and culturally appropriate resources to successfully engage migrants. Community outreach programmes that educate participants about HBV transmission, screening, and treatment can promote community dialogue and understanding to reduce stigma and discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnupriya Rajkumar
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (K.M.); (R.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kahlia McCausland
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (K.M.); (R.L.)
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH), School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Roanna Lobo
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (K.M.); (R.L.)
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH), School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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204
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Immordino P, Genovese D, Morales F, Casuccio A, Amodio E. Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Cases in Non-Italian Nationals in Sicily: Identifying Vulnerable Groups in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sicily, Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:5767. [PMID: 35565161 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As in other parts of the world, undocumented migrants in Italy suffer worse health status due to their immigration enforcement situation and other vulnerabilities such as precarious illegal jobs, exploitation and abuse or barriers to higher education, with higher prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic, as other pandemics, has not affected everyone equally. The undocumented was one of the most affected groups with regard to hospitalization rates and mortality worldwide. Sicily is one of the gates of entrance to Europe for migrants and asylum seekers from Africa and Asia. Herein, we described the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Sicily to compare hospitalization rate and mortality between Italian nationals and foreigners. We extracted data from the integrated national surveillance system established by the Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS) to collect information on all COVID-19 cases and deaths in Sicily. We found that the hospitalization rates were higher in undocumented foreigners, and they were most likely to present a more severe clinical outcome compared to Italian nationals. Inclusive public health policies should take this population group into consideration to achieve the Health for All goal.
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205
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Harvey B, Dalal W, Amin F, McIntyre E, Ward S, Merrill RD, Mohamed A, Hsu CH. Planning and implementing a targeted polio vaccination campaign for Somali mobile populations in Northeastern Kenya based on migration and settlement patterns. Ethn Health 2022; 27:817-832. [PMID: 33126830 PMCID: PMC10120329 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2020.1838455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Supporting the global eradication of wildpoliovrisu (WPV), this project aimed to provide polio and measles vaccines to a population frequenty missed by immunization services and campaigns, ethnic Somali children living among mobile populations within Kenya's Northeastern Region. Additionally, nutritional support, albendazole (for treatment of intestinal parasites) and vitamin A were provided to improve children's health and in accordance with regional vaccination campaign practices. To better understand movement patterns and healthcare-seeking behaviors within this population, we trained community-based data collectors in qualitative and geospatial data collection methods. Data collectors conducted focus group and participatory mapping discussions with ethnic Somalis living in the region. Qualitative and geospatial data indicated movement patterns that followed partially definable routes and temporary settlement patterns with an influx of ethnic Somali migrants into Kenya at the start of the long rainy season (April-June). Community members also reported concerns about receiving healthcare services in regional health facilities. Using these data, an 8-week vaccination campaign was planned and implemented: 2196 children aged 0-59 months received polio vaccine (9% had not previously received polio vaccine), 2524 children aged 9-59 months received measles vaccine (27% had not previously received measles vaccine), 113 were referred for the treatment of severe acute malnourishment, 150 were referred to a supplementary feeding program due to moderate acute malnourishment, 1636 children aged 12-59 months were provided albendazole and 2008 children aged 6-59 months were provided with vitamin A. This project serves as an example for how community-based data collectors and local knowledge can help adapt public health programming to the local context and could aid disease eradication in at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Harvey
- Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Warren Dalal
- International Organization for Migration, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Farah Amin
- International Organization for Migration, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elvira McIntyre
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences (DTHHS), Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Ward
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Merrill
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Christopher H. Hsu
- Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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206
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Zhang Y, Wiseman V, Applegate TL, Lourenco RDA, Street DJ, Smith K, Jamil MS, Terris-Prestholt F, Fairley CK, McNulty A, Hynes A, Johnson K, Chow EPF, Bavinton BR, Grulich A, Stoove M, Holt M, Kaldor J, Guy R, Ong JJ. Preferences for HIV Testing Services and HIV Self-Testing Distribution Among Migrant Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in Australia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:839479. [PMID: 35514755 PMCID: PMC9063480 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.839479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Australia, undiagnosed HIV rates are much higher among migrant gay, bisexual, or other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) than Australian-born GBMSM. HIV self-testing is a promising tool to overcome barriers to HIV testing and improve HIV testing uptake among migrant GBMSM. We compared the preferences for HIV testing services, including HIV self-testing, among migrant and Australian-born GBMSM. Methods Preferences were assessed via two discrete choice experiments (DCEs). Participants were recruited between December 2017 and January 2018 using online and offline advertising and randomly assigned to complete one of two online DCE surveys. Migrant GBMSM were classified as being born in a country with a reciprocal healthcare agreement (RHCA) with Australia (providing free or subsided health care) or not. Latent class analysis and mixed logit models were used to explore heterogeneity in preferences. Findings We recruited 1,606 GBMSM, including 583 migrant men of whom 419 (72%) were born in non-RHCA countries. Most participants preferred a free or cheap oral test with higher accuracy and a shorter window period to facilitate early detection of infections. Cost was more important for men born in non-RHCA countries than for men from RHCA countries or Australia. All groups preferred accessing kits through online distributers or off the shelf purchasing from pharmacies. Men born in RHCA countries least preferred accessing HIV self-testing kits from a medical clinic, while more than half of men from non-RHCA countries most preferred sourcing kits from a clinic. Sex-on-premises venues were the least preferred location to access test kits among all groups. In addition, two latent class analyses explored heterogeneity in preferences among men from non-RHCA countries and we found four latent classes for HIV testing services and two latent classes for HIVST distribution. Interpretation Our findings emphasise the need for high-performing and low-cost HIV self-testing kits that are accessible from a variety of distribution points as a component of Australia's HIV response, especially for those who do not have access to free or subsidised health care in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Ye Zhang
| | - Virginia Wiseman
- Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya L. Applegate
- Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenco
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Deborah J. Street
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirsty Smith
- Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Muhammad S. Jamil
- Global Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis and Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fern Terris-Prestholt
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher K. Fairley
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna McNulty
- Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam Hynes
- Thorne Harbour Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Eric P. F. Chow
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin R. Bavinton
- Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Grulich
- Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Martin Holt
- Centre for Social Research in Health, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Kaldor
- Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Guy
- Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason J. Ong
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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207
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Yu X, Liang J, Zhang Y. Air Pollution and Settlement Intention: Evidence from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19084924. [PMID: 35457791 PMCID: PMC9028250 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study analyses the effect of air pollution on the settlement intention of migrants in China. In recent years, the willingness of residents to migrate induced by air pollution has received a lot of attention from academics. By matching information from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey from 2015 to 2017 with the air quality index (AQI), we used the Probit model to assess the impact of air pollution on the settlement intentions of migrants with different socioeconomic statuses. First, we demonstrated that air pollution has a significant negative effect on migrants’ settlement intention. Second, we found that the effect of air pollution on settlement intention is influenced by individual socioeconomic status; that education level, as an indicator of cognitive ability, affects migrants’ motivation to migrate; and that personal income, as an indicator of economic ability, affects the feasibility of their migration. Motivation to migrate and the feasibility of moving determine together the divergence in settlement intention, and those with higher incomes and higher education levels are more likely to leave cities with serious air pollution. Third, the heterogeneous effects suggested that the negative effect of air pollution was greater for older, male, and married migrants. Our findings suggested that air pollution has a variety of effects on the heterogeneous migrants, resulting in changes in the demographic structure of cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Northeast Asian Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Jianing Liang
- Northeast Asian Studies College, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; or
| | - Yanzhe Zhang
- Northeast Asian Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18340481717
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208
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de Lima P, Leach B, Radford D, Arora-Jonsson S. Editorial: The Well-being of International Migrants in Rural Areas: Bridging the Migration-Development Nexus. Front Sociol 2022; 7:870810. [PMID: 35495569 PMCID: PMC9053667 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.870810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philomena de Lima
- University of the Highlands and Islands-Inverness College, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Radford
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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209
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Ramos-Rincon JM, Cobos-Palacios L, López-Sampalo A, Ricci M, Rubio-Rivas M, Martos-Pérez F, Lalueza-Blanco A, Moragón-Ledesma S, Fonseca-Aizpuru EM, García-García GM, Beato-Perez JL, Josa-Laorden C, Arnalich-Fernández F, Molinos-Castro S, Torres-Peña JD, Artero A, Vargas-Núñez JA, Mendez-Bailon M, Loureiro-Amigo J, Hernández-Garrido MS, Peris-García J, López-Reboiro ML, Barón-Franco B, Casas-Rojo JM, Gómez-Huelgas R. Ethnicity and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in Spain: Results from the Multicenter SEMI-COVID-19 Registry. J Clin Med 2022; 11:1949. [PMID: 35407557 PMCID: PMC8999367 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This work aims to analyze clinical outcomes according to ethnic groups in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in Spain. (2) Methods: This nationwide, retrospective, multicenter, observational study analyzed hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in 150 Spanish hospitals (SEMI-COVID-19 Registry) from 1 March 2020 to 31 December 2021. Clinical outcomes were assessed according to ethnicity (Latin Americans, Sub-Saharan Africans, Asians, North Africans, Europeans). The outcomes were in-hospital mortality (IHM), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and the use of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Associations between ethnic groups and clinical outcomes adjusted for patient characteristics and baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index values and wave were evaluated using logistic regression. (3) Results: Of 23,953 patients (median age 69.5 years, 42.9% women), 7.0% were Latin American, 1.2% were North African, 0.5% were Asian, 0.5% were Sub-Saharan African, and 89.7% were European. Ethnic minority patients were significantly younger than European patients (median (IQR) age 49.1 (40.5−58.9) to 57.1 (44.1−67.1) vs. 71.5 (59.5−81.4) years, p < 0.001). The unadjusted IHM was higher in European (21.6%) versus North African (11.4%), Asian (10.9%), Latin American (7.1%), and Sub-Saharan African (3.2%) patients. After further adjustment, the IHM was lower in Sub-Saharan African (OR 0.28 (0.10−0.79), p = 0.017) versus European patients, while ICU admission rates were higher in Latin American and North African versus European patients (OR (95%CI) 1.37 (1.17−1.60), p < 0.001) and (OR (95%CI) 1.74 (1.26−2.41), p < 0.001). Moreover, Latin American patients were 39% more likely than European patients to use IMV (OR (95%CI) 1.43 (1.21−1.71), p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: The adjusted IHM was similar in all groups except for Sub-Saharan Africans, who had lower IHM. Latin American patients were admitted to the ICU and required IMV more often.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidia Cobos-Palacios
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (A.L.-S.); (M.R.); (R.G.-H.)
- Medicine Department, University of Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Almudena López-Sampalo
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (A.L.-S.); (M.R.); (R.G.-H.)
- Medicine Department, University of Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Michele Ricci
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (A.L.-S.); (M.R.); (R.G.-H.)
- Medicine Department, University of Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Rubio-Rivas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | | | | | - Sergio Moragón-Ledesma
- Internal Medicine Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | | | - Jose-Luis Beato-Perez
- Internal Medicine Department, Albacete University Hospital Complex, 02006 Albacete, Spain;
| | | | | | - Sonia Molinos-Castro
- Internal Medicine Department, Santiago de Compostela Clinic Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - José-David Torres-Peña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
- Spain CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Artero
- Internal Medicine Department, Doctor Peset University Hospital, 46017 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Juan-Antonio Vargas-Núñez
- Internal Medicine Department, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro—Segovia de Arana, 28222 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Jose Loureiro-Amigo
- Internal Medicine Department, Moisès Broggi Hospital, 08970 Sant Joan Despí, Spain;
| | | | - Jorge Peris-García
- Internal Medicine Department, de Sant Joan d’Alacant University Clínic Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain;
| | | | - Bosco Barón-Franco
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Jose-Manuel Casas-Rojo
- Internal Medicine Department, Infanta Cristina University Hospital, Parla, 28981 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (A.L.-S.); (M.R.); (R.G.-H.)
- Medicine Department, University of Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Spain CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Ali A, Alfajjam S, Gasana J. Diabetes Mellitus and Its Risk Factors among Migrant Workers in Kuwait. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19073943. [PMID: 35409622 PMCID: PMC8997920 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is growing enormously worldwide, and actions need to be taken in order to minimize the burden of diabetes mellitus and reduce its complications. Since two-thirds of Kuwait's population are expatriates, the prevalence of and factors associated with diabetes among migrant workers was assessed as it has a significant impact on migrant workers' quality of life, health, and productivity. The data used in this study was for all migrant workers who attended Shuaiba Industrial Medical Center (SIMC) for physical examination in the year 2018. Univariate and multivariate regression were used to assess the relationship between diabetes mellitus and the other independent factors where odds ratios with confidence intervals were delineated. Information for a total of 3477 participants was recorded in the dataset for 2018. Of the total participants, 10.1% had diabetes mellitus. About 49% of the participants were overweight. The largest age group of participants was between 31 and 40 years of age. A small percentage of the participants were diagnosed with hypertension at 11.8%. Additionally, 76.1% of the participants reported themselves as non-smokers. Diabetes was positively associated with age, hypertension, and nationalities. However, no association was found between BMI and smoking tobacco. This is the first study in SIMC to assess DM and its associated risk factor among migrants, since migrant workers are neglected subpopulations that need our focus and attention to achieve justice and fairness. The findings revealed that the prevalence of DM among our study population was considerably lower. However, a healthy lifestyle, including a healthy diet and being physically active, need to be introduced to prevent any further damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ali
- Public Health Department, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 5, Kuwait City 12009, Kuwait;
| | - Shaikhah Alfajjam
- Occupational Health Department, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 5, Kuwait City 12009, Kuwait;
| | - Janvier Gasana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait
- Correspondence:
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211
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Ribeiro RM, Gonçalves L, Havik PJ, Craveiro I. Tuberculosis and Migrant Pathways in an Urban Setting: A Mixed-Method Case Study on a Treatment Centre in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:3834. [PMID: 35409517 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease associated with poverty. In the European Union TB tends to concentrate in urban settings. In Lisbon, previous studies revealed, the presence of migrant populations from a high endemic country, is one of the risk factors contributing to TB. To better understand TB in foreign-born individuals in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, a mixed-method case study was undertaken on a TB treatment centre in a high-risk part of urban Portugal. Quantitatively, annual TB cases were analysed from 2008 to 2018, dividing foreign-origin cases into recent migrants and long-term migrants. Qualitatively, we explored recent migrants’ reasons, experiences and perceptions associated with the disease. Our results showed that foreign-born individuals accounted for 45.7% of cases, mainly originated from Angola, Guinea-Bissau, and Cabo Verde. TB in recent migrants increased over the years for Angola and Guinea-Bissau, while for Cabo Verde TB cases were due to migrants residing in Portugal for more than 2 years. Recent migrants’ reasons to travel to Portugal were to study, to live and work, tourism, and seeking better healthcare. Visiting family and friends, historical links and common language were key drivers for the choice of country. Recent migrants and long-term migrants may present distinct background profiles associated with diagnosed TB.
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212
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Straiton M, Hollander AC, Hynek KA, Liefbroer AC, Hauge LJ. The relationship between motherhood and use of mental health care services among married migrant and non-migrant women: a national register study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:211. [PMID: 35313854 PMCID: PMC8939178 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giving birth to one's first child is a life changing event. Beyond the post-partum period, little is known about the association between becoming a mother and mental disorder among migrant women. This study investigates outpatient mental health (OPMH) service use, a proxy for mental disorder, among married migrant and non-migrant women who become mothers and those who do not. METHODS Using Norwegian register data, we followed 90,195 married women, aged 18-40 years, with no children at baseline between 2008-2013 to see if becoming a mother was associated with OPMH service use. Data were analysed using discrete time analyses. RESULTS We found an interaction between motherhood and migrant category. Married non-migrant mothers, both in the perinatal period and beyond, had lower odds of OPMH use than married non-mothers. There was no association between motherhood and OPMH service use for migrants. However, there was no significant interaction between motherhood and migrant category when we excluded women who had been in Norway less than five years. Among women aged 25-40 years, a stable labour market attachment was associated with lower odds of OPMH use for non-migrants but not migrants, regardless of motherhood status. CONCLUSIONS The perinatal period is not associated with increased odds of OPMH use and appears to be associated with lower odds for married non-migrant women. Selection effects and barriers to care may explain the lack of difference in OPMH service use that we found across motherhood status and labour market attachment for married migrant women. Married migrant women in general have a lower level of OPMH use than married non-migrants. Married migrant women with less than five years in Norway and those with no/weak labour market attachment may experience the greatest barriers to care. Further research to bridge the gap between need for, and use of, mental health care among migrant women is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Straiton
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anna-Clara Hollander
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance Use and Social Environment, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamila Angelika Hynek
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aart C. Liefbroer
- grid.450170.70000 0001 2189 2317Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, PO Box 11650, 2502 AR The Hague, The Netherlands ,grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Johan Hauge
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
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213
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Pullia A, Jeemi Z, Reina Ortiz M, Dantas JAR. Physical Activity Experiences of South Asian Migrant Women in Western Australia: Implications for Intervention Development. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:3585. [PMID: 35329275 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of physical activity are widely recognised; however, physical activity uptake remains low in South Asian populations. South Asian migrant women face health risks as they adapt to new cultures, and these risks are often intensified through their limited participation in physical activity as one of the behaviours that promote positive health outcomes. Three focus group discussions with sixteen South Asian migrant women aged between 33 and 64 years, with a median age of 48 years and who live in Western Australia, were conducted. Thematic analysis of the transcribed qualitative data was completed to explore and uncover South Asian women’s experiences with physical activity, as well as their motivation, beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge about physical activity. Five major themes emerged after coding and analysing the data. The themes included the women’s knowledge of physical activity, their general attitudes and beliefs surrounding physical activity, the advantages and disadvantages of participation in physical activity, their experiences with physical activity, and the barriers, challenges, and facilitators surrounding physical activity. Recommendations are proposed to increase physical activity among this group to improve overall health and wellbeing and implications for intervention development are discussed.
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214
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Sawka A, Geake J, Stapledon R, Barry S. TB, focussed tools, and the right schools: estimated impact and cost of a targeted student screening program for tuberculosis infection. Intern Med J 2022. [PMID: 35289041 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WHO recommends targeted screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) amongst high-risk populations. Recent studies that evaluate targeted school- based programmes in low burden settings are scarce. AIMS To evaluate a school screening programme for recently arrived migrant students from moderate and high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries and estimate 1- the number of cases of active TB that were prevented and 2- the cost per case of active TB prevented. METHODS Students were screened with tuberculin skin tests (TST) at schools with a high migrant population intake. Those with positive results were referred for specialist evaluation. Outcomes were retrospectively assessed using five years of prospectively collected data. Cost data were collected. Main outcomes measured were the number of children were diagnosed with LTBI who completed treatment, and programme costs. RESULTS Of 4728 student screened, 295(6.2%) were diagnosed with LTBI. Of these, 273 (92.5%) were offered preventive therapy, 242 (82.0%) commenced and 204 (69.2%) completed therapy. The number needed to screen (NNS) was 23 per completed course of preventive treatment for LTBI. Assuming a 10% lifetime risk of reactivation, the NNS was 386 per case of TB disease notification avoided. The cost of screening was $23 932 AUD per case of TB disease avoided. CONCLUSIONS This TB strategy is supported by the high rate of TB infection in the student group, the treatment uptake and completion rates. Cost-benefit is linked with lifetime risk of TB reactivation. Targeted school screening programmes represent an important opportunity for TB control in low-burden settings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Sawka
- Respiratory advanced trainee, Department of respiratory medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Rd, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000.,Clinical lecturer, university of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
| | - James Geake
- Respiratory advanced trainee, Department of respiratory medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Rd, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000.,Clinical lecturer, university of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
| | - Richard Stapledon
- Respiratory advanced trainee, Department of respiratory medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Rd, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
| | - Simone Barry
- Respiratory advanced trainee, Department of respiratory medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Rd, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000.,Clinical lecturer, university of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
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215
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Gower S, Jeemi Z, Wickramasinghe N, Kebble P, Forbes D, Dantas JAR. Impact of a Pilot Peer-Mentoring Empowerment Program on Personal Well-Being for Migrant and Refugee Women in Western Australia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:3338. [PMID: 35329021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Empowerment and Peer Mentoring of Migrant and Refugee Women study (EMPOWER) examined the effectiveness of a participatory, peer mentoring program specifically tailored for migrant and refugee women to build ability, confidence, and knowledge to seek employment, a known contributor to mental health and wellbeing. Female migrant mentors (n = 21) supported five cohorts of mentees (n = 32), predominantly from Middle Eastern and Asian backgrounds, over a period of 3-12 months each between September 2019 and November 2021. The program consisted of both individual mentoring and group workshops facilitated by content experts and the research team. The mental health and wellbeing outcomes for the mentees were explored through individual interviews with both mentors and mentees. Results indicate the program helped participants develop social connections, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and personal health and safety skills. There are ongoing mental health needs in this cohort related to competing priorities and trauma. The development of trusting, respectful relationships with mentors who are committed and flexible is essential for positive wellbeing outcomes. Peer mentoring programs for migrant and refugee women can enhance mental health and wellbeing outcomes and facilitate independence. Mentors need resources to provide appropriate mental and physical health support for some groups.
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216
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Noack EM, Schäning J, Müller F. A Multilingual App for Providing Information to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Candidates with Limited Language Proficiency: Development and Pilot. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:360. [PMID: 35334992 PMCID: PMC8955787 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Language barriers are obstacles in receiving vaccinations against COVID-19. They jeopardize informed consent, vaccination safety, and a positive immunization experience. We have developed a multilingual app to overcome language barriers when dealing with vaccination candidates with a limited proficiency in the locally spoken language. We applied the Spiral Technology Action Research (STAR) model to create the app within a discursive process involving healthcare professionals (HCPs) from vaccination sites, literature searches and guidelines, and field trials at vaccination centers. In a real-world pilot test, we assessed the usability and feedback for further improvement. Our efforts resulted in an app that facilitates communication with vaccination candidates in 40 languages, each with over 500 phrases that can be played back or displayed as text. In the pilot test, the app demonstrated its usability, and was well accepted by the vaccination candidates (n = 20). The app was mainly used to inform about the risks and benefits of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Some HCPs struggled to navigate the comprehensive content and the pilot test exposed the need for additional phrases. The STAR model proved to be flexible in adapting to dynamic pandemic conditions and changing recommendations. This multilingual app overcomes language barriers in healthcare settings, promoting vaccines to migrants with limited language proficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Noack
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (J.S.); (F.M.)
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217
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Orang TM, Missmahl I, Thoele AM, Valensise L, Brenner A, Gardisi M, Peter H, Kluge U. New directions in the mental health care of migrants, including refugees-A randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of value-based counselling. Clin Psychol Psychother 2022; 29:1433-1446. [PMID: 35199419 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Specialized literature has identified a need for evidence-based, low-threshold, short-term, and intracultural psychological interventions that can be made available to migrants, including refugees, who suffer from psychological symptoms in host countries. The objective of the present study is to measure the efficacy of value-based counselling (VBC) as such an intervention. METHOD We conducted a pragmatic, rater-blinded randomized controlled trial employing a pre-post control group design to assess the efficacy of VBC based on a study sample of 103 migrants, including refugees, who resided in Germany at the time. A set of instruments was used to evaluate primary outcome measures of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, perceived stress, generalized anxiety, and somatic complaints. RESULTS Per protocol analysis included 42 participants in the VBC group, and 43 in the waiting list. Compared with participants in the waiting-list group, the VBC group, following an average of four counselling sessions, experienced a clinically meaningful reduction of depression (adjusted difference 7.06, 95% CI [4.86, 9.26], effect size 0.68, p < .001), PTSD (adjusted difference 17.15, 95% CI [10.49, 23.81], effect size 0.76, p < .001), perceived stress (adjusted difference 9.25, 95% CI [6.23, 12.27], effect size 0.75, p < .001), anxiety (adjusted difference 5.34, 95% CI [3.47, 7.20], effect size 0.70, p < .001), and somatic complaints (adjusted difference 5.52, 95% CI [3.30, 7.74], effect size 0.72, p < .001). The positive outcomes were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Utilization of mental health services was significantly reduced at the 3-month follow-up conducted with participants of the VBC group. CONCLUSIONS VBC, a culturally sensitive and strength-based mental health service, is an effective short-term intervention which meets the specific mental health needs of migrants, including refugees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Mina Orang
- Ipso gGmbH - International Psychosocial Organisation, Berlin, Germany.,Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inge Missmahl
- Ipso gGmbH - International Psychosocial Organisation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Thoele
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Livia Valensise
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Brenner
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maryam Gardisi
- Ipso gGmbH - International Psychosocial Organisation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Peter
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Falkenried, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kluge
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,Berliner Institut für empirische Integrations- und Migrationsforschung (BIM), Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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218
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Gama A, Rocha JV, Marques MJ, Azeredo-Lopes S, Pedro AR, Dias S. How Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Migrant Populations in Lisbon, Portugal? A Study on Perceived Effects on Health and Economic Condition. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:1786. [PMID: 35162809 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that its social and health impacts are being disproportionately shouldered by socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, including migrants. Knowledge of how these populations are experiencing the COVID-19 crisis is scarce. We examined the effects of the pandemic on the perceived individual financial situation and health condition of migrants in Lisbon, Portugal, and described the most affected subgroups. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a diverse community-based sample of 1126 migrants. A worsening of their financial situation since the pandemic was reported by 55.6% of the participants and a worsening of their health condition by 19.9%. A worsened financial situation was most often reported by those ≥45 years old and with a lower income (<EUR 650). Likewise, a worsened health condition was most often reported by older and lower-income migrants, as well as by women and those with a lower level of education. Migration-related factors such as length of stay and migration status were not associated with worsened health conditions. Socioeconomic characteristics appear to be more important when assessing differences in perceived effects of the pandemic among migrants. The social impact of the pandemic both exacerbates economic and gender inequalities and may lead to worse health conditions within the population in the medium and long terms.
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219
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Chiu MYL, Ghoh C, Wong C, Wong KL. Dying in a foreign land: A study of completed suicides among foreign workers in Singapore. Transcult Psychiatry 2022; 59:63-77. [PMID: 34287079 PMCID: PMC8859692 DOI: 10.1177/13634615211023672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a public health issue that impacts a nation's resident and non-resident populations alike. Singapore has one of the largest non-resident (work permit holder) populations in the world, yet very little attention has been given to examining suicide in this population. The current study examined the case materials of all 303 non-resident completed suicides in Singapore in the period January 2011 to December 2014. Their basic profiles were compared with that of the 1,507 resident cases in the same period. A sample of 30 death notes written by non-residents were randomly selected and thematically analyzed to supplement the descriptive findings and discussion. Results showed that suicides were highest among males, those aged 21-35 years old, and South Asians. Most non-resident suicide cases did not have known physical or mental health issues, prior suicide attempts, or suicide notes. Suicide decedents from South Asia and Europe most frequently used hanging, while jumping was most common among decedents from other regions. Relationship and health problems emerged as the top two suspected triggers for suicide based on our analysis of the suicide notes. The unique situation of working abroad may increase non-residents' vulnerability in general, while adverse life events such as relationship and health issues may be too overwhelming to bear, especially when support services are not readily available and accessible. The results have implications for suicide prevention among this neglected group of people who choose to work in foreign lands.
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220
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van Apeldoorn JA, van der Linden EL, Bahendeka S, Beune E, Meeks KA, Klipstein-Grobusch K, van den Born BJ, Agyemang C. C-reactive protein and hypertension among Ghanaian migrants and their homeland counterparts: the Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants study. J Hypertens 2022; 40:283-291. [PMID: 34478414 PMCID: PMC8728758 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension (HTN) is a growing public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and SSA migrants in Europe. Elevated levels of inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) have been linked to HTN but the relationship of CRP and HTN among SSA populations has not been studied. To address this knowledge gap, we studied the association between CRP and HTN in migrant and nonmigrant SSA populations residing in different settings. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the multicentre Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study were analysed including 5683 Ghanaians aged at least 18 years, residing in rural and urban Ghana, and Europe. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between high levels of CRP (≥3 mg/l) and HTN (SBP ≥140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥90 mmHg and/or use of antihypertensive medication) per geographical site and sex. RESULTS The association between CRP levels and HTN varied by sex and geographical location. In age-adjusted models, there was an association between high CRP levels and HTN in urban-Ghanaian women (odds ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.10-2.03), and European-Ghanaian men (1.68, 1.16-2.43) and women (1.63, 1.28-2.07). However, these associations were attenuated after adjustment for conventional risk factors, especially BMI. No association was found in rural-Ghanaians or urban-Ghanaian men. CONCLUSION Our findings show an association between CRP and HTN among Ghanaian migrants and urban-Ghanaian women, however, this was largely explained by conventional risk factors. Thus, prevention of conventional risk factors, in particular obesity, may help to reduce the potentially low-grade inflammatory mechanism underlying HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A.N. van Apeldoorn
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute
| | - Eva L. van der Linden
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute
| | - Karlijn A.C. Meeks
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bert-Jan van den Born
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute
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221
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Kjøllesdal M, Skyrud K, Gele A, Arnesen T, Kløvstad H, Diaz E, Indseth T. The correlation between socioeconomic factors and COVID-19 among im migrants in Norway: a register-based study. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:52-60. [PMID: 33983088 PMCID: PMC8807998 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211015860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Immigrants in Norway have higher COVID-19 notification and hospitalisation rates than Norwegian-born individuals. The knowledge about the role of socioeconomic factors to explain these differences is limited. We investigate the relationship between socioeconomic indicators at group level and epidemiological data for all notified cases of COVID-19 and related hospitalisations among the 23 largest immigrant groups in Norway. METHODS We used data on all notified COVID-19 cases in Norway up to 15 November 2020, and associated hospitalisations, from the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases and the emergency preparedness register at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. We report notified COVID-19 cases and associated hospitalisation rates per 100,000 and their correlation to income, education, unemployment, crowded housing and years of residency at the group level. RESULTS Crowded housing and low income at a group level were correlated with rates of both notified cases of COVID-19 (Pearson`s correlation coefficient 0.77 and 0.52) and related hospitalisations (0.72, 0.50). In addition, low educational level and unemployment were correlated with a high number of notified cases. CONCLUSIONS Immigrant groups living in disadvantaged socioeconomic positions are important to target with preventive measures for COVID-19. This must include targeted interventions for low-income families living in overcrowded households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Kjøllesdal
- Health Services Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Skyrud
- Health Services Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Abdi Gele
- Health Services Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude Arnesen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Kløvstad
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Esperanza Diaz
- Health Services Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thor Indseth
- Health Services Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Chavan BS, Sidana A, Arun P, Rohilla R, Singh GP, Solanki RK, Aneja J, Murara MK, Verma M, Chakraborty S, Singh C, Sharrma H, Sharma R, Bahri S, Dushant. Psychiatric morbidity and substance use in migrant workers: A population based study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:210-215. [PMID: 33446003 DOI: 10.1177/0020764020988881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of mental health problems and substance abuse in the migrant population is higher than the general population. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence and pattern of mental health issues and substance use in the migrant population and highlight the association with the reverse migration of migrant workers. METHODOLOGY The field staff visited the shelter homes for migrant population in four cities of Northern India (Chandigarh (UT), Bhatinda (Punjab), Panchkula (Haryana) and Jaipur (Rajasthan). After maintaining the social distance and wearing masks by the staff and migrants, written informed consent was taken for participation in the study. The socio-demographic details of reverse migrants were noted down and Hindi version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for mental health problems and screening tool for pattern of substance abuse was administered. Geographically matched undisplaced were also administered these tools. RESULTS A total of 275 reverse migrants and 276 undisplaced were included in the study. The prevalence of ever use for all the substances among reverse migrants was 44.4% (122/275) and among undisplaced, it was 45.3%. The prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis was higher than the general population. The prevalence of at least one diagnosis on PHQ-9 is 13.45% (reverse migrants 19.3% and undisplaced 7.6) and the prevalence of other depressive disorder is significantly higher in reverse migrants (17.1%) than undisplaced (4.0%). CONCLUSION The study concludes that prevalence of mental health issues and substance abuse in migrant population is significantly higher than the general population and the prevalence of at least one diagnosis and other depressive disorder is significantly higher in reverse migrants than undisplaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Chavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College & Hospital (GMCH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajeet Sidana
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College & Hospital (GMCH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Priti Arun
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College & Hospital (GMCH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravi Rohilla
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurvinder Pal Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College & Hospital (GMCH), Chandigarh, India
| | - R K Solanki
- Department of Psychiatry, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, RJ, India
| | | | | | - Madhur Verma
- Department of Community/Family Medicine, AIIMS Bhatinda, Bhatinda, PB, India
| | | | - Chitra Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, RJ, India
| | - Himanshu Sharrma
- Department of Psychiatry, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, RJ, India
| | | | | | - Dushant
- Volunteer member Corona Sena, Panchkula, HR, India
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Brzoska P, Erdsiek F, Aksakal T, Mader M, Ölcer S, Idris M, Altinok K, Wahidie D, Padberg D, Yilmaz-Aslan Y. Pictorial Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life. Development and Pre-Test of the PictoQOL Questionnaire. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19031620. [PMID: 35162642 PMCID: PMC8835013 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop a pictorial questionnaire for the assessment of health-related quality of life (PictoQOL) and to examine its content validity and usability across three exemplary population groups of different origin residing in Germany (non-migrants, Turkish migrants and Arabic-speaking migrants). A mixed-methods design combining qualitative and quantitative methods was used, comprising 6 focus group discussions with a total of 17 participants, 37 cognitive interviews and a quantitative pretest with 15 individuals. The PictoQOL consists of a pictorial representation of a total of 15 different situations. Using a visual Likert scale, respondents indicate how much each situation applies to them. Some representations proved to be culturally sensitive and were adapted. Respondents found the use of an additional graphic layer in the form of symbols in addition to pictures helpful for interpretation. The PictoQOL is considered to allow a more accessible assessment and better comparability of HRQOL across different population groups regardless of their literacy level. It is therefore considered to be superior to existing instruments for routine use in health research and practice. Future studies need to examine its convergent and factorial validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Brzoska
- Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany; (F.E.); (T.A.); (M.M.); (S.Ö.); (M.I.); (K.A.); (D.W.); (D.P.); (Y.Y.-A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabian Erdsiek
- Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany; (F.E.); (T.A.); (M.M.); (S.Ö.); (M.I.); (K.A.); (D.W.); (D.P.); (Y.Y.-A.)
| | - Tuğba Aksakal
- Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany; (F.E.); (T.A.); (M.M.); (S.Ö.); (M.I.); (K.A.); (D.W.); (D.P.); (Y.Y.-A.)
| | - Maria Mader
- Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany; (F.E.); (T.A.); (M.M.); (S.Ö.); (M.I.); (K.A.); (D.W.); (D.P.); (Y.Y.-A.)
- Department of Epidemiology & International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sabahat Ölcer
- Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany; (F.E.); (T.A.); (M.M.); (S.Ö.); (M.I.); (K.A.); (D.W.); (D.P.); (Y.Y.-A.)
| | - Munzir Idris
- Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany; (F.E.); (T.A.); (M.M.); (S.Ö.); (M.I.); (K.A.); (D.W.); (D.P.); (Y.Y.-A.)
| | - Kübra Altinok
- Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany; (F.E.); (T.A.); (M.M.); (S.Ö.); (M.I.); (K.A.); (D.W.); (D.P.); (Y.Y.-A.)
| | - Diana Wahidie
- Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany; (F.E.); (T.A.); (M.M.); (S.Ö.); (M.I.); (K.A.); (D.W.); (D.P.); (Y.Y.-A.)
| | - Dennis Padberg
- Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany; (F.E.); (T.A.); (M.M.); (S.Ö.); (M.I.); (K.A.); (D.W.); (D.P.); (Y.Y.-A.)
| | - Yüce Yilmaz-Aslan
- Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany; (F.E.); (T.A.); (M.M.); (S.Ö.); (M.I.); (K.A.); (D.W.); (D.P.); (Y.Y.-A.)
- Department of Epidemiology & International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Nursing and Health Services Research, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The promotion of health literacy of the population in a situation of migration, in the community, is a fundamental field of intervention in health promotion, for the reduction of inequalities in access to health care services. It is increasingly necessary to make health care services more equitable for migrant populations. The aim of the study was to characterize the level of health literacy of the population in a migrant situation, attending a primary health care unit in the Lisbon region, to identify priority areas for community intervention that will become the focus of intervention and contribute to the increase in the health literacy levels in this population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out by applying the Health Literacy Survey (ILS-PT) to a sample of the population in a situation of migration, found by 27 participants. RESULTS The general health literacy index of the sample is inadequate (21.23 points). An analysis of the sub-indexes revealed that 75% of the participants had difficulties related to information about health care and 80% had difficulties in the field of health promotion. CONCLUSIONS Problematic and inadequate levels of health literacy was significantly frequent among migrant population. So that enhancing health literacy among migrant is essential to reduce health inequalities to achieve better health outcomes and contribute to defense of human rights of this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Medina
- Nursing Research, Innovation and Development Centre of Lisbon (CIDNUR), Nursing School of Lisbon (ESEL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Maia
- Nursing Research, Innovation and Development Centre of Lisbon (CIDNUR), Nursing School of Lisbon (ESEL), Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Costa
- Nursing Research, Innovation and Development Centre of Lisbon (CIDNUR), Nursing School of Lisbon (ESEL), Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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225
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Song Y, Zhu N. Does Natural Amenity Matter on the Permanent Settlement Intention? Evidence from Elderly Migrants in Urban China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19031022. [PMID: 35162046 PMCID: PMC8834362 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the role of natural amenity in spurring the permanent settlement of elderly migrants in China, in the period from 2009 to 2017. Based on a combination of NASA's Global Annual PM2.5 Grid data, and a nationwide China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) dataset, a binary logit model was used to investigate the settlement intention of migrants over 60 years old, across 291 cities in China. The empirical results revealed that there was a significant inverted U-shape between the annual temperature and permanent settlement, and prefectures with warmer winters and higher air quality were more attractive to elderly migrants when controlling for the urban endowment and economic conditions. In addition, the coefficient of the interaction term of air quality and precipitation was negative, indicating that the hindrance of precipitation on permanent settlement intention decreased with the enhancement in better air quality. Furthermore, there was significant group heterogeneity in the elderly's migration reasons. The group of active movers cared more about environmental quality, whereas for the passive group, air quality had no effect on their permanent settlement.
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226
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Barkati S, Greenaway C, Libman MD. Strongyloidiasis in immunocompromised migrants to non-endemic countries in the era of COVID-19: what is the role for presumptive ivermectin? J Travel Med 2022; 29:6374820. [PMID: 34581413 PMCID: PMC8500134 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread use of dexamethasone. Corticosteroid therapy is an important risk factor for Strongyloides hyperinfection. Challenges associated with the performance of Strongyloides tests, and the poor availability of high quality and timely diagnostic testing, makes the use of presumptive ivermectin reasonable in selected situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapha Barkati
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Sapha Barkati, J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases at McGill University, 1001 Boulevard Decarie, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4A 3J1. Tel: 514-934-1934 ext. 42812; Fax: 514-843-1582;
| | - Christina Greenaway
- J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, SBMD Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael D Libman
- J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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227
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Zheng X, Xue Y, Yin Y, Dong F, Chang J, Zhang C. The Impact of Health and Wealth on Settlement Intention of Migrants: The Moderating Effect of Social Welfare. Front Public Health 2022; 9:741812. [PMID: 35004570 PMCID: PMC8733198 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.741812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: With the rapid urbanization, citizenization of migrants is becoming the development tendency in China. It is significant to analyze the determining factors of the settlement intention of migrants. Methods: The data we used were taken from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) in 2017. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between air pollution, economic advantages, and settlement intention between different migrants and the moderating effect of social welfare. Results: At the individual level, being female, married, urban and other ethnic, having higher education, older, and health associated with likelihood of settlement intention of migrants. Higher health education, social integration, and, have a health record were positively associated with the likelihood of settlement intention. Higher educated, urban areas, and Han migrants were willing to reduce their pursuit of health for economic development. Conclusion: Health education and more social organizational participation can reduce the negative effect of air pollution and increase the positive effect of economic advantages on settlement intention of migrants. But, in less economically advantaged areas, it has no obvious effect. In the choice of health and wealth, the settlement intention of migrants shows difference, and unfairness and social welfare, in particular health education, can narrow this difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zheng
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqing Xue
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Yin
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Dong
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghui Chang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chichen Zhang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Health Management, Nafang Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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228
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Bentivegna E, Di Meo S, Carriero A, Capriotti N, Barbieri A, Martelletti P. Access to COVID-19 Vaccination during the Pandemic in the Informal Settlements of Rome. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:719. [PMID: 35055541 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of vaccines, the world has a chance to see a real end to the COVID-19 pandemic. To make this possible, however, it is necessary that all groups of people are considered. Contexts of informal settlements and populations such as the homeless and migrants are often forgotten by vaccination campaigns. In this study, carried out as a result of a collaboration with MEDU, a non-profit association aimed at bringing healthcare to vulnerable populations, we provide important data related to the vaccination campaign carried out in the informal settlements of Rome. The objectives of this work are to (1) evaluate vaccination coverage in these contexts, (2) assess the gap with the vaccination coverage of the Italian population and try to hypothesize the causes, and (3) provide recommendations for how humanitarian associations can respond to reduce this gap. We observed important differences in vaccination coverage depending on the type of settlement. The percentage of vaccinated people in these contexts at the beginning of October range between 14.4% and 55.5%, underlining an important gap with the vaccination rate of Italy’s population, which is close to 80%. The data also show that particular attention must be paid to the transiting and irregular people as they are more at risk for a lack of access to vaccination. With this study, in which we provide recommendations that integrate MEDU’s fieldwork experience with the advice of the Framework report, we hope we can help those who work in similar contexts, to carry out a fair and effective vaccination campaign.
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229
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Panneer S, Kantamaneni K, Akkayasamy VS, Susairaj AX, Panda PK, Acharya SS, Rice L, Liyanage C, Pushparaj RRB. The Great Lockdown in the Wake of COVID-19 and Its Implications: Lessons for Low and Middle-Income Countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:610. [PMID: 35010863 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Concern for public health has been growing with the increasing volume of cases of COVID-19 in India. To combat this pandemic, India has implemented nationwide lockdowns, and unlocking phases continue with certain restrictions in different parts of the country. The lockdown has required people to adopt social-distance measures to minimize contacts in order to reduce the risks of additional infection. Nevertheless, the lockdown has already impacted economic activities and other dimensions of the health of individuals and society. Although many countries have helped their people through advanced welfare protection networks and numerous support aids, several emerging economies face specific difficulties to adapt to the pandemic due to vulnerable communities and scarce resources. However, certain lower-income countries need more rigorous analysis to implement more effective strategies to combat COVID-19. Accordingly, the current systematic review addresses the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns in India in relation to health and the economy. This work also provides further information on health inequalities, eco-nomic and social disparities in the country due to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns and also contributes pragmatic suggestions for overcoming these challenges. These observations will be useful to the relevant local and national officials for improving and adopting novel strategies to face lockdown challenges.
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230
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Peñuela-O'Brien E, Wan MW, Edge D, Berry K. Health professionals' experiences of and attitudes towards mental healthcare for migrants and refugees in Europe: A qualitative systematic review. Transcult Psychiatry 2022; 60:176-198. [PMID: 34986056 PMCID: PMC10074763 DOI: 10.1177/13634615211067360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Migrants living in Europe constitute over half of the world's international migrants and are at higher risk of poor mental health than non-migrants, yet also face more barriers in accessing and engaging with services. Furthermore, the quality of care received is shaped by the experiences and attitudes of health professionals. The aim of this review was to identify professionals' attitudes towards migrants receiving mental healthcare and their perceptions of barriers and facilitators to service provision. Four electronic databases were searched, and 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. Using thematic synthesis, we identified three themes: 1) the management of multifaceted and complex challenges associated with the migrant status; 2) professionals' emotional responses to working with migrants; and 3) delivering care in the context of cultural difference. Professionals employed multiple strategies to overcome challenges in providing care yet attitudes towards this patient group were polarized. Professionals described mental health issues as being inseparable from material and social disadvantage, highlighting a need for effective collaboration between health services and voluntary organizations, and partnerships with migrant communities. Specialist supervision, reflective practice, increased training for professionals, and the adoption of a person-centered approach are also needed to overcome the current challenges in meeting migrants' needs. The challenges experienced by health professionals in attempting to meet migrant needs reflect frustrations in being part of a system with insufficient resources and without universal access to care that effectively stigmatizes the migrant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peñuela-O'Brien
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, 5292University of Manchester.,9022Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M W Wan
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, 5292University of Manchester
| | - D Edge
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, 5292University of Manchester.,9022Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K Berry
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, 5292University of Manchester.,9022Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust
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231
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Zöllkau J, Ankert J, Pletz MW, Mishra S, Seliger G, Lobmaier SM, Prazeres Da Costa CU, Seidel V, Weizsäcker KV, Jablonka A, Dopfer C, Baier M, Horvatits T, Reiter-Owona I, Groten T, Schleenvoigt BT. Hepatitis E, Schistosomiasis and Echinococcosis-Prevalence in a Cohort of Pregnant Migrants in Germany and Their Influence on Fetal Growth Restriction. Pathogens 2022; 11:58. [PMID: 35056006 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Infections, as well as adverse birth outcomes, may be more frequent in migrant women. Schistosomiasis, echinococcosis, and hepatitis E virus (HEV) seropositivity are associated with the adverse pregnancy outcomes of fetal growth restriction and premature delivery. Methods: A cohort study of 82 pregnant women with a history of migration and corresponding delivery of newborns in Germany was conducted. Results: Overall, 9% of sera tested positive for anti-HEV IgG. None of the patients tested positive for anti-HEV IgM, schistosomiasis, or echinococcus serology. Birth weights were below the 10th percentile for gestational age in 8.5% of the neonates. No association between HEV serology and fetal growth restriction (FGR) frequency was found. Conclusions: In comparison to German baseline data, no increased risk for HEV exposure or serological signs of exposure against schistosomiasis or echinococcosis could be observed in pregnant migrants. An influence of the anti-HEV serology status on fetal growth restriction could not be found.
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232
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Grandi N, Paglietti B, Cusano R, Ibba G, Lai V, Piu C, Angioj F, Serra C, Kelvin DJ, Tramontano E, Rubino S. Genomic Snapshot of SARS-CoV-2 in Migrants Entering Through Mediterranean Sea Routes. Front Public Health 2022; 10:846115. [PMID: 35309205 PMCID: PMC8927662 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.846115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, a novel coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, China, rapidly spreading into a global pandemic. Italy was the first European country to experience SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, and one of the most severely affected during the first wave of diffusion. In contrast to the general restriction of people movements in Europe, the number of migrants arriving at Italian borders via the Mediterranean Sea route in the summer of 2020 had increased dramatically, representing a possible, uncontrolled source for the introduction of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. Importantly, most of the migrants came from African countries showing limited SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological surveillance. In this study, we characterized the SARS-CoV-2 genome isolated from an asymptomatic migrant arrived in Sardinia via the Mediterranean route in September 2020, in comparison with SARS-CoV-2 isolates arrived in Sicily through the Libyan migration route; with SARS-CoV-2 isolates circulating in Sardinia during 2020; and with viral genomes reported in African countries during the same summer. Results showed that our sequence is not phylogenetically related to isolates from migrants arriving in Sicily, nor to isolates circulating in Sardinia territory, having greater similarity to SARS-CoV-2 genomes reported in countries known for being sites of migrant embarkation to Italy. This is in line with the hypothesis that most SARS-CoV-2 infections among migrants have been acquired prior to embarking to Italy, possibly during the travel to or the stay in crowded Libyan immigrant camps. Overall, these observations underline the importance of dedicated SARS-CoV-2 surveillance of migrants arriving in Italy and in Europe through the Mediterranean routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Grandi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Bianca Paglietti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- SC Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Bianca Paglietti
| | - Roberto Cusano
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Science and Technology Park Polaris, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ibba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- SC Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lai
- SC Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudia Piu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- SC Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Flavia Angioj
- SC Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Caterina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- SC Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - David J. Kelvin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rubino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- SC Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Schnaubelt S, Schnaubelt B, Pilz A, Oppenauer J, Yildiz E, Schriefl C, Ettl F, Krammel M, Garg R, Niessner A, Greif R, Domanovits H, Sulzgruber P. BLS courses for refugees are feasible and induce commitment towards lay rescuer resuscitation. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13644. [PMID: 34185325 PMCID: PMC9285446 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-quality Basic Life Support (BLS), the first step in the Utstein formula for survival, needs effective education for all kinds of population groups. The feasibility of BLS courses for refugees is not well investigated yet. METHODS We conducted BLS courses including automated external defibrillator (AED) training for refugees in Austria from 2016 to 2019. Pre-course and after course attitudes and knowledge towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were assessed via questionnaires in the individuals' native languages, validated by native speaker interpreters. RESULTS We included 147 participants (66% male; 22 [17-34] years; 28% <18 years) from 19 countries (74% from the Middle East). While the availability of BLS courses in the participants' home countries was low (37%), we noted increased awareness towards CPR and AED use after our courses. Willingness to perform CPR increased from 25% to 99%. A positive impact on the participants' perception of integration into their new environment was noted after CPR training. Higher level of education, male gender, age <18 years and past traumatizing experiences positively affected willingness or performance of CPR. CONCLUSION BLS education for refugees is feasible and increases their willingness to perform CPR in emergency situations, with the potential to improve survival after cardiac arrest. Individuals with either past traumatizing experiences, higher education or those <18 years might be eligible for advanced life support education. Interestingly, these BLS courses bear the potential to foster resilience and integration. Therefore, CPR education for refuge should be generally offered and further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schnaubelt
- Department of Emergency MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Zurück ins LebenAssociation for First Aid Courses for MigrantsViennaAustria
- Austrian Cardiac Arrest Awareness Association–PULSViennaAustria
| | | | - Arnold Pilz
- Zurück ins LebenAssociation for First Aid Courses for MigrantsViennaAustria
- Department of PulmonologyClinic PenzingVienna Healthcare GroupViennaAustria
| | - Julia Oppenauer
- Department of Emergency MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Erdem Yildiz
- Zurück ins LebenAssociation for First Aid Courses for MigrantsViennaAustria
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christoph Schriefl
- Department of Emergency MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Austrian Cardiac Arrest Awareness Association–PULSViennaAustria
| | - Florian Ettl
- Department of Emergency MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Austrian Cardiac Arrest Awareness Association–PULSViennaAustria
| | - Mario Krammel
- Austrian Cardiac Arrest Awareness Association–PULSViennaAustria
- Emergency Medical Service ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Rakesh Garg
- All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Alexander Niessner
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Robert Greif
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain MedicineBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- School of MedicineSigmund Freud University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Hans Domanovits
- Department of Emergency MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Austrian Cardiac Arrest Awareness Association–PULSViennaAustria
| | - Patrick Sulzgruber
- Austrian Cardiac Arrest Awareness Association–PULSViennaAustria
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Bezemer D, Blenkinsop A, Hall M, van Sighem A, Cornelissen M, Wessels E, van Kampen J, van de Laar T, Reiss P, Fraser C, Ratmann O. Many but small HIV-1 non-B transmission chains in the Netherlands. AIDS 2022; 36:83-94. [PMID: 34618753 PMCID: PMC8655833 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate introductions and spread of different HIV-1 subtypes in the Netherlands. DESIGN We identified distinct HIV-1 transmission chains in the Netherlands within the global epidemic context through viral phylogenetic analysis of partial HIV-1 polymerase sequences from individuals enrolled in the ATHENA national HIV cohort of all persons in care since 1996, and publicly available international background sequences. METHODS Viral lineages circulating in the Netherlands were identified through maximum parsimony phylogeographic analysis. The proportion of HIV-1 infections acquired in-country among heterosexuals and MSM was estimated from phylogenetically observed, national transmission chains using a branching process model that accounts for incomplete sampling. RESULTS As of 1 January 2019, 2589 (24%) of 10 971 (41%) HIV-1 sequenced individuals in ATHENA had non-B subtypes (A1, C, D, F, G) or circulating recombinant forms (CRF01AE, CRF02AG, CRF06-cpx). The 1588 heterosexuals were in 1224, and 536 MSM in 270 phylogenetically observed transmission chains. After adjustments for incomplete sampling, most heterosexual (75%) and MSM (76%) transmission chains were estimated to include only the individual introducing the virus (size = 1). Onward transmission occurred mostly in chains size 2-5 amongst heterosexuals (62%) and in chains size at least 10 amongst MSM (64%). Considering some chains originated in-country from other risk-groups, 40% (95% confidence interval: 36-44) of non-B-infected heterosexuals and 62% (95% confidence interval: 49-73) of MSM-acquired infection in-country. CONCLUSION Although most HIV-1 non-B introductions showed no or very little onward transmission, a considerable proportion of non-B infections amongst both heterosexuals and MSM in the Netherlands have been acquired in-country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Blenkinsop
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Hall
- Oxford Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Marion Cornelissen
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| | - Els Wessels
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden
| | | | - Thijs van de Laar
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, laboratory of Blood-borne Infections, Sanquin Research
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Reiss
- Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Oliver Ratmann
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London
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235
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Lotto M, Fontaine H, Marcellin F, Périères L, Bureau-Stoltmann M, Carrat F, Pol S, Zoulim F, Carrieri P. Hepatitis Delta virus in migrants: The challenge of elimination (ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort). Liver Int 2022; 42:249-252. [PMID: 34825765 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel treatments for hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) infection provide promising opportunities to treat patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HDV co-infection. However, current clinical trials on HDV treatment rarely explore patients' barriers to treatments. In Europe, HDV infection mostly affects young migrants from HDV-endemic areas who experience early liver-related mortality. Migrants are more likely to face multiple situations of statutory and socioeconomic insecurity and structural barriers than non-migrants. These obstacles may impact their quality of life and can (i) lead them to give secondary importance to certain HDV care options, (ii) delay treatment initiation and (iii) affect their adherence and commitment to care. Preliminary results from the ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort show that the majority (61.6%) of HBV-HDV co-infected migrants live in poverty. Moreover, half were diagnosed and a quarter of those who initiated HBV treatment had been in France for no more than two years, a period when language skills are often still poor and when knowledge of the health and administrative system may be lacking. We advocate for increased social science research, in particular qualitative studies, to investigate the effects that multiple forms of precarity (weak access to social rights, language barriers, housing insecurity, unexpected expenditures and other difficulties) may have on HDV screening opportunities, follow-up, and treatment pathways in migrants. This will help adapt communication and care around viral hepatitis, as well as inform and orient medical services and public health actors about the difficulties that migrants encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lotto
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Fontaine
- Département d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.,INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Marcellin
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Lauren Périères
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Morgane Bureau-Stoltmann
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Carrat
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Unité de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Département d'Hépatologie, INSERM U1223, Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Département d'hépatologie, Université de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France
| | - Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
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236
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Egli-Gany D, Aftab W, Hawkes S, Abu-Raddad L, Buse K, Rabbani F, Low N, Onarheim K. The social and structural determinants of sexual and reproductive health and rights in migrants and refugees: a systematic review of reviews. East Mediterr Health J 2021; 27:1203-1213. [PMID: 35137389 DOI: 10.26719/emhj.20.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of migrants and refugees present important public health challenges. Social and structural determinants affect both the general health and SRHR of migrants, but the drivers of SRHR among migrant and refugee populations remain understudied. AIMS To identify upstream social and structural determinants of SRHR health of migrants and refugees reported in systematic reviews. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of reviews. We studied 3 aspects of SRHR: sexually transmitted infections, sexual violence and unintended pregnancy in migrants and refugees. We used an inductive approach to synthesize emerging themes, summarized them in a narrative format and made an adapted version of Dahlgren and Whitehead's social determinants of health (SDH) model. RESULTS We included 12 systematic reviews, of which 10 were related to sexually transmitted infections, 4 to sexual violence and 2 to unintended pregnancy. We identified 6 themes that operate at 4 different levels in an adapted version of the Dahlgren and Whitehead SDH model: economic crisis and hostile discourse on migration; limited legal entitlements, rights and administrative barriers; inadequate resources and financial constraints; poor living and working conditions; cultural and linguistic barriers; and stigma and discrimination based on migration status, gender, sex and ethnicity. CONCLUSION This review provides evidence of how upstream social and structural determinants undermine the SRHR of refugees and migrants. Unless these are addressed in policy-making and planning, the health of migrants and refugees is at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Egli-Gany
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wafa Aftab
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sarah Hawkes
- Centre for Gender and Global Health, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laith Abu-Raddad
- Healthier Societies Program, The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kent Buse
- Director, Healthier Societies Program, The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Fauziah Rabbani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nicola Low
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristine Onarheim
- Centre for Gender and Global Health, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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237
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Hoefer A, Pampaka D, Castrillejo D, Luenga-Cabrera J, Paisi M, Herrera-León S, López-Perea N, Del Diego-Salas J. Considerations for COVID-19 management in reception centers for refugees, asylum seekers and migrants, Spain 2020. Int J Infect Dis 2021:S1201-9712(21)01240-6. [PMID: 34952212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortly after the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments around the world were urged to leave no population behind. Following a COVID-19 risk evaluation in a refugee and asylum seekers reception center, in September 2020, we considered the priorities of managing COVID-19 in these settings. We encourage actions on four fronts to reduce the COVID-19 associated burden amongst these vulnerable populations based on our interviews, observations and recommendations: (i) decongestion, (ii) facilitated testing, (iii) screening for symptoms and (iv) targeted public health and risk communication.
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238
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Batoure AA, Batoure O, Anya BPM, Tambwe D, Baruani B, Khalef IE, Biey JNM, Katoto P, Wiysonge CS. Forced migration as a risk factor for COVID-19 infection in Africa: insight from Agadez, Niger. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 40:97. [PMID: 34909085 PMCID: PMC8607946 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.40.97.28116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Katoto
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Centre for Tropical Diseases and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo.,Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charles Shey Wiysonge
- Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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239
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Njue C, Nicholas N, Robertson H, Dawson A. Geographical Access to Child and Family Healthcare Services and Hospitals for Africa-Born Migrants and Refugees in NSW, Australia; A Spatial Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182413205. [PMID: 34948813 PMCID: PMC8701331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: African-born migrants and refugees arriving from fragile states and countries with political and economic challenges have unique health needs requiring tailored healthcare services and support. However, there is little investigation into the distribution of this population and their spatial access to healthcare in Australia. This paper reports on research that aimed to map the spatial distribution of Africa-born migrants from low and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs) and refugees in New South Wales (NSW) and access to universal child and family health (CFH) services and hospitals. Methods: We analysed the Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016 Census data and Department of Social Services 2018 Settlement data. Using a Geographic Information System mapping software (Caliper Corporation. Newton, MA, USA), we applied data visualisation techniques to map the distribution of Africa-born migrants and refugees relative to CFH services and their travel distance to the nearest service. Results: Results indicate a spatial distribution of 51,709 migrants from LLMICs in Africa and 13,661 refugees from Africa live in NSW, with more than 70% of the total population residing in Sydney. The Africa-born migrant and refugee population in Sydney appear to be well served by CFH services and hospitals. However, there is a marked disparity between local government areas. For example, the local government areas of Blacktown and Canterbury-Bankstown, where the largest number of Africa-born migrants and refugees reside, have more uneven and widely dispersed services than those in Sydney’s inner suburbs. Conclusion: The place of residence and travel distance to services may present barriers to access to essential CFH services and hospitals for Africa-born refugees and migrants. Future analysis into spatial-access disadvantages is needed to identify how access to health services can be improved for refugees and migrants.
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240
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Li Y, Xiong C, Zhu Z, Lin Q. Family Migration and Social Integration of Migrants: Evidence from Wuhan Metropolitan Area, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12983. [PMID: 34948593 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The social integration in host cities of China’s migrant population and its determinants has received much attention from researchers. However, few have directly addressed the family migration in differentiating migrants’ social integration. This study employs descriptive statistics and multivariate regression to explore the social integration across different family migration types, based on the data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey 2013 and 2017 in Wuhan metropolitan area. The findings show that the family migration in Wuhan metropolitan area is prevalent, and the central city Wuhan has advantages both in the proportion of whole-family migration and the scores of migrants’ social integration. In addition, the migrants’ family migration is significantly positively associated with their social integration, but the effect is variance in the regression models of social integration’s four dimensions. The findings reveal the Wuhan City’s leading position in promoting migrants’ social integration within the Wuhan metropolitan area. Furthermore, migration with more family members has higher levels of integration in economy and public service. This implies that the convenience provided by inflow cities’ government for family migration is crucial. To provide high-quality public services is of great significance to attract and retain migrants and then promote their overall social integration.
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241
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Duran-Kiraç G, Uysal-Bozkir Ö, Uittenbroek R, van Hout H, Broese van Groenou MI. Accessibility of health care experienced by persons with dementia from ethnic minority groups and formal and informal caregivers: A scoping review of European literature. Dementia (London) 2021; 21:677-700. [PMID: 34879748 PMCID: PMC8813582 DOI: 10.1177/14713012211055307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The number of persons with dementia from ethnic minority backgrounds is increasing.
However, ethnic minority groups use health care services less frequently compared to the
general population. We conducted a scoping review and used the theoretical framework
developed by Levesque to provide an overview of the literature concerning access to health
care for ethnic minority people with dementia and (in)formal caregivers. Studies mentioned
barriers in (1) the ability to perceive a need for care in terms of health literacy,
health beliefs and trust, and expectations; (2) the ability to seek care because of
personal and social values and the lack of knowledge regarding health care options; and
(3) lack of person-centered care as barrier to continue with professional health care.
Studies also mentioned barriers experienced by professionals in (1) communication with
ethnic minorities and knowledge about available resources for professionals; (2) cultural
and social factors influencing the professionals’ attitudes towards ethnic minorities; and
(3) the appropriateness of care and lacking competencies to work with people with dementia
from ethnic minority groups and informal caregivers. By addressing health literacy
including knowledge about the causes of dementia, people with dementia from ethnic
minorities and their informal caregivers may improve their abilities to access health
care. Health care professionals need to strengthen their competencies in order to
facilitate access to health care for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Duran-Kiraç
- Health and Social Care Department, 8771Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, Netherlands.,Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Özgül Uysal-Bozkir
- 6984Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald Uittenbroek
- Health and Social Care Department, 8771Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | - Hein van Hout
- Departments of General Practice & Medicine of Older People, 522567Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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242
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Xiao W, Chen B, Huang D, Chan O, Wei X, Zhou L, Zou G. Comparison of Delay in Tuberculosis Diagnosis Between Migrants and Local Residents in an Eastern County of China: An Analysis of the Electronic Data Between 2015 and 2019. Front Public Health 2021; 9:758335. [PMID: 34869174 PMCID: PMC8637117 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.758335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: China continues to rank among one of the countries with the highest number of tuberculosis (TB) cases globally. Migrants are a particularly at-risk subgroup for TB and pose a challenge for case management in contemporary China. The early diagnosis and treatment of patients with TB are pivotal for effective TB control. This study investigates the delay in the TB diagnosis of migrants as compared with residents, to provide an evidence base for improved case detection and the better management of migrant patients with TB. Materials and Methods: The data was collected from the Tuberculosis Information Management System (TBIMS) (2015-2019) in an eastern county of China. The total diagnostic delay, consisting of patient delay and health system delay, is defined as the interval between the onset of TB symptoms and the confirmation of TB diagnosis in the designated TB hospital. The comparison of the delay in the TB diagnosis between migrants and residents was conducted using a Mann-Whitney U-test and chi-square test. The difference in the delay curves between these two groups was examined using a log-rank test. Results: Of 2,487 patients with TB, 539 (22%) were migrants. The migrants tended to be younger, presented with less severe conditions, received an initial diagnosis at prefectural and above-level hospitals. Compared with the local patients with TB, the migrant patients with TB had a longer median total diagnostic delay (30 vs. 9, P = 0.000) and a higher proportion of patients with this delay >28 days (52 vs. 13%, P = 0.000). Similarly, the migrant patients with TB also had a longer median patient delay (13 vs. 9, P = 0.000) and a higher proportion of patients with this delay >14 days (47 vs. 30%, P = 0.000), longer median health system delay (9 vs. 0, P = 0.000), and a higher proportion of patients with this delay >14 days (42 vs. 0.5%, P = 0.000) than the local patients with TB. The survival curves of delay showed that the longer the time interval was, the more likely the migrant patients with TB were to be diagnosed (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Diagnosis is significantly delayed among migrant patients with TB. Our study highlights the importance of early screening and diagnosis for TB especially among migrants, to improve access and ensure better management for all patients with TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Xiao
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dajiang Huang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cangnan County, Wenzhou, China
| | - Olivia Chan
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaolin Wei
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology & Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lin Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanyang Zou
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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243
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Brzoska P, Wahidie D, Yilmaz-Aslan Y. An Intersectional Perspective on the Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening among Migrants. A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Survey Data from Austria. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6082. [PMID: 34885190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Studies from several countries have shown that migrant women utilize cervical cancer screening less frequently than non-migrant women. Little is known about how disparities differ across different countries of origin. The present study addresses this limitation by means of 2019 survey data from Austria. Comparing the five largest groups of migrants residing in the country, the results show that particularly Turkish migrant women have a lower utilization than the Austrian majority population. This illustrates the heterogeneity of migrants and likely results from different obstacles some groups of migrants encounter in the health system. The findings may contribute to raising the awareness of the heterogeneity of the migrant population and to providing cancer screening interventions tailored to different cultural backgrounds, consequently improving overall access to cancer screening for particularly disadvantaged and vulnerable population groups. Abstract In most European countries, migrant women have lower rates of cervical cancer screening utilization than non-migrant women. While studies have illustrated that disparities can be partially explained by social determinants, they usually did not take into account the heterogeneity of the migrant population in terms of cultural background or country of origin. Applying an intersectional approach and using 2019 data from a representative survey from Austria on 6228 women aged 20–69 years, the present study examines differences in the utilization of cervical cancer screening in the five largest migrant groups (i.e., individuals with a nationality from or born in a Yugoslav successor state, Turkey, Romania, Hungary, or Germany) residing in Austria. By means of a multivariable analysis, amongst others adjusted for socioeconomic and health-related determinants, it is illustrated that particularly Turkish migrant women have a lower utilization than the Austrian majority population (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.60; 95% confidential interval (CI): 0.40–0.91), while no significant differences between the majority population and other groups of migrants became evident. The findings are indicative of the heterogeneity of migrants and likely result from different obstacles some groups of migrants encounter in the health system. This heterogeneity must be taken into account in order to support informed decision-making and to ensure adequate preventive care.
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244
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Lauritano D, Moreo G, Carinci F, Campanella V, Della Vella F, Petruzzi M. Oral Health Status among Migrants from Middle- and Low-Income Countries to Europe: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182212203. [PMID: 34831957 PMCID: PMC8624247 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Economic inequality, political instability and globalization have contributed to the constant growth of the migration phenomenon in recent years. In particular, a total of 4.2 million people migrated to Europe during 2019 and most of them settled in Germany, France and Italy. Objectives. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies analyzing the oral health condition among migrants from middle- and low-income countries to Europe and assessing the eventual association between their sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics and oral health status. Materials and Methods. A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Science Direct databases. After titles, abstracts and full-text examination, only 27 articles were selected on the basis of inclusion criteria and consequently included for quality assessments and data extraction. Results. Most of the studies reported a higher prevalence of caries experience, a poorer periodontal health and more difficulties in accessing dentalcare services among migrant groups compared with the non-migrant population. Inequalities were mostly associated with ethnic background, economic condition and social grade. Conclusion. Our review demonstrates the lack of dental health among migrants, underlining that their cultural beliefs and their social and economic living conditions could influence their oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Lauritano
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-335-679-0163
| | - Giulia Moreo
- Dental and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Francesco Carinci
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Campanella
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00113 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fedora Della Vella
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.D.V.); (M.P.)
| | - Massimo Petruzzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.D.V.); (M.P.)
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Goupil de Bouillé J, Vigouroux C, Plessis L, Ghislain M, Teglas JP, Boufassa F, Goujard C, Vignes D, Bouchaud O, Salmon D, Meyer L, Abgrall S. Factors Associated With Being Overweight and Obesity in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy: Socioclinical, Inflammation, and Metabolic Markers. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1570-1580. [PMID: 33740044 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the association between socioclinical, inflammatory, and metabolic markers and weight gain in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). METHODS Individuals from the COPANA cohort of normal weight (body mass index [BMI], 18.5-24.9 [ calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) at cART initiation who achieved virological suppression (viral load, <50 copies/mL) and maintained it through 36 months of treatment were selected. Clinical, immunovirological, and socioeconomic data and inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, CXCL10, CXCL8, interleukin 6, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2, soluble CD14, and soluble CD16) and serum metabolic (glucose, insulin, lipid profile, adiponectin, and leptin) markers were assessed. Factors associated with becoming overweight (BMI, 25-29.9) or obese (BMI, ≥30) at 36 months were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS After 36 months of cART, 32 of 158 people with HIV (20%) became overweight or obese (21% female; 65% born in France and 23% born in sub-Saharan Africa; median BMI at cART initiation, 22 [interquartile range, 21-23]). After adjustment, higher BMI, originating from sub-Saharan Africa, living in a couple, and higher soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 and lower adiponectin concentrations at cART initiation were associated with becoming overweight or obese. CONCLUSION Weight gain on cART is multifactorial. Special attention should be given to migrants from sub-Saharan Africa. Monocyte activation and adipocyte dysfunction at cART initiation affect weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Goupil de Bouillé
- APHP, Hôpital Avicenne, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Bobigny, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm U1018, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Centre de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino-Sécrétion et de l'Insulino-Sensibilité, Service d'Endocrinologie et Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Inserm U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Lorraine Plessis
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm U1018, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mathilde Ghislain
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm U1018, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Paul Teglas
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm U1018, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Faroudy Boufassa
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm U1018, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Cécile Goujard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm U1018, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Dorothée Vignes
- AP-HP, Hôpital Béclère, Service de Médecine Interne, Clamart, France
| | - Olivier Bouchaud
- APHP, Hôpital Avicenne, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Bobigny, France.,Laboratoire Educations et Pratiques de Santé EA 3412, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Dominique Salmon
- AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Centre de Diagnostic et de Thérapeutique, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Meyer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm U1018, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Santé Publique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sophie Abgrall
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm U1018, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Béclère, Service de Médecine Interne, Clamart, France
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246
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Henríquez D, Urzúa A, López-López W. Indicators of Identity and Psychological Well-Being in Immigrant Population. Front Psychol 2021; 12:707101. [PMID: 34744867 PMCID: PMC8565597 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple research has indicated that group identity processes are critical to understanding the dynamics of psychological well-being linked to migration. However, few studies have analyzed the relationship between identity from different theoretical perspectives, and the mental health of migrants in the Latin-American context. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between several identity indicators such as ethnic identity, collective self-esteem, identity fusion (with the country of origin and the host country) simultaneously, and different dimensions of psychological well-being of Colombian migrants living in Chile. The sample consisted of 887 Colombian migrants, of whom 435 (49%) were men and 452 (51%) were women. Participants were residents of the cities of Arica (n=204; 23%), Antofagasta (n=469; 52.9%), and Santiago (n=214; 24.1%) in Chile. The results revealed by structural equation modeling indicate that collective self-esteem and ethnic identity show positive relationships with almost all dimensions of psychological well-being, while identity fusion with Colombia only showed a positive relationship with the dimension positive relationships and identity fusion with Chile only showed a positive relationship with the dimension autonomy. Implications and limitations of these results are discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Henríquez
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Alfonso Urzúa
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Wilson López-López
- Facultad de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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247
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this review was to identify and synthesize the findings of the existing literature that highlighted the psychosocial and mental health issues of the migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS An exploration of the PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google search, and some other manual searches was undertaken so that no relevant study was missed. A search on Indian scientific literature and cross-references retrieved was also conducted to get further information. The period of the search has been one year from March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021. The database was searched with the terms "migrants," "migrant workers," "COVID-19 pandemic," "lockdown," "migrant population," "mental health issues," "psychosocial issues" to retrieve the published literature. RESULTS Initially, 48 research articles were retrieved and 10 of them were excluded as they had no sufficient information about mental and psychosocial challenges faced by the migrants. In the remaining 38 articles, 9 articles were original research work (n = 9) published from India related to the impact of COVID-19 on migrants. The second category consisted of editorials or commentary or letters to the editor or policy paper on psychosocial and mental health aspects of migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 17). The third category was 11 articles on perspectives or opinions or viewpoints (n = 11) related to various psychosocial and mental health issues among migrants in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. Predominantly psychosocial issues found among migrants were living conditions, basic needs, family concerns, and joblessness. The mental health issues found among migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic included psychological distress, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders. CONCLUSION Existing literature from India has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted the psychosocial and mental health status of the migrants in India. This review suggests the need for more research work from the affected states of India and the development of psychosocial and mental health intervention strategies to minimize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurvinder Pal Singh
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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248
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Fang Q, Fisher KR, Li B. How can coproduction help to deliver culturally responsive disability support? A case study from Australia. Health Soc Care Community 2021; 29:e396-e404. [PMID: 33825253 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
How to improve access and quality of social services to respond to cultural diversity is receiving increased attention. Yet no approach to cultural responsiveness has been widely accepted. Coproduction has been championed in many service fields for better service outcomes and has the potential to inform practices for cultural responsiveness. This study explored how coproduction can be used to deliver culturally responsive social services. We conducted a qualitative case study and examined how an Australian disability service organisation operated a programme to improve cultural responsiveness with Australian Chinese people with disability and their families. The findings suggested that coproduction enabled the organisation to identify that the people with disability and their families considered services were culturally responsive when the staff were competent and committed to person-centred services. The coproduction contributed to continuous improvement of the services and revealed the qualities that were valued by the Australian Chinese service users. This study enriches the knowledge on coproduction by demonstrating the influence of the process of coproduction on outcomes for service users and providers. The study also contributes to the knowledge on cultural responsiveness by highlighting the elements of culturally responsive services valued by the service users. Coproduction could be more widely used for service development given its capacity to identify and respond to service needs. Practical implications for culturally responsive social services are that workforce training could focus on the principles of person-centred services and skills for working effectively with people from culturally diverse backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Fang
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen R Fisher
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bingqin Li
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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249
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Douglass CH, Block K, Horyniak D, Hellard ME, Lim MSC. Addressing alcohol and other drug use among young people from migrant and ethnic minority backgrounds: Perspectives of service providers in Melbourne, Australia. Health Soc Care Community 2021; 29:e308-e317. [PMID: 33825228 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Young people from migrant and ethnic minority backgrounds are recognised as emerging priority populations for reducing alcohol and other drug (AOD)-related harms in Australia. Limited research has investigated how service providers address AOD challenges in migrant communities. In this qualitative study, we interviewed 15 service providers from AOD, migrant support, community and other health services in a diverse region of Melbourne. Interviews explored the challenges that service providers faced and the strategies they implemented to engage with young migrants in relation to AOD use. Thematic analysis was used to generate four themes: stigma as a barrier to service delivery, intergenerational differences between young people and parents, the need for outreach and establishing trust and understanding over time. Service providers believed that stigma prevented many young people from migrant backgrounds having open conversations about their AOD use with family members and professionals. Participants perceived that some parents had less AOD-related knowledge and lower English language proficiency than their children creating challenges for effective communication. Service providers recognised the importance of engaging with young people in settings where they felt comfortable rather than expecting them to approach their service. Participants also acknowledged the need to invest time in establishing trust and understanding with young migrants so they could facilitate conversations about AOD use as relationships evolved. Although service providers had a strong understanding of young people's needs, they found it challenging to build relationships in the context of funding and time constraints. Our results indicate the need for long-term funding and timelines that enable service providers to build strong relationships with young migrants, their families and their broader cultural communities to facilitate access to AOD support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin H Douglass
- The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen Block
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Danielle Horyniak
- The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret E Hellard
- The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Megan S C Lim
- The Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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250
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Papwijitsil R, Kosiyaporn H, Sinam P, Phaiyarom M, Julchoo S, Suphanchaimat R. Factors Related to Health Risk Communication Outcomes among Migrant Workers in Thailand during COVID-19: A Case Study of Three Provinces. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182111474. [PMID: 34769988 PMCID: PMC8583699 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging infectious disease, and risk communication is one of several public health emergency responses. During the pandemic, many migrant workers in Thailand experienced barriers that hamper access to health information. This study aims to explore factors related to the outcomes of health risk communication, including awareness of public health measures and preventive practices. We conducted a cross-sectional survey on migrants between January and April 2021 using cluster sampling in Phuket, Ranong, and Samut Sakhon. In the descriptive analysis, we presented the median, proportion, and ratio, while in the inferential analysis, we employed a logistic regression with robust standard errors. Although a total of 303 participants were initially included in this study, the final number was narrowed down to 288 samples due to insufficient information required for the analysis. Frequent reception of health information and primary school education showed a statistically significant association with preventive practices. Middle-aged migrant workers demonstrated a significantly lower level of preventive practices than younger migrant workers. A longer stay in Thailand was significantly related to a lower degree of awareness toward public health measures. Thus, it is necessary to promote the accessibility of health information among migrant workers in Thailand, especially those who have lived in Thailand for more than eight years, are older, and have no formal education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchadaporn Papwijitsil
- Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
| | - Hathairat Kosiyaporn
- International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (H.K.); (P.S.); (M.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Pigunkaew Sinam
- International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (H.K.); (P.S.); (M.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Mathudara Phaiyarom
- International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (H.K.); (P.S.); (M.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Sataporn Julchoo
- International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (H.K.); (P.S.); (M.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Rapeepong Suphanchaimat
- Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand;
- International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (H.K.); (P.S.); (M.P.); (S.J.)
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