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Plavcová L, Gallenmüller F, Morris H, Khatamirad M, Jansen S, Speck T. Mechanical properties and structure-function trade-offs in secondary xylem of young roots and stems. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:3679-3691. [PMID: 31301134 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bending and torsional properties of young roots and stems were measured in nine woody angiosperms. The variation in mechanical parameters was correlated to wood anatomical traits and analysed with respect to the other two competing functions of xylem (namely storage and hydraulics). Compared with stems, roots exhibited five times greater flexibility in bending and two times greater flexibility in torsion. Lower values of structural bending and structural torsional moduli (Estr and Gstr, respectively) of roots compared with stems were associated with the presence of thicker bark and a greater size of xylem cells. Across species, Estr and Gstr were correlated with wood density, which was mainly driven by the wall thickness to lumen area ratio of fibres. Higher fractions of parenchyma did not translate directly into a lower wood density and reduced mechanical stiffness in spite of parenchyma cells having thinner, and in some cases less lignified, cell walls than fibres. The presence of wide, partially non-lignified rays contributed to low values of Estr and Gstr in Clematis vitalba. Overall, our results demonstrate that higher demands for mechanical stability in self-supporting stems put a major constraint on xylem structure, whereas root xylem can be designed with a greater emphasis on both storage and hydraulic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Plavcová
- University of Hradec Králové, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Rokitanského, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Friederike Gallenmüller
- Plant Biomechanics Group Freiburg, Botanic Garden of the Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestrasse, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hugh Morris
- Laboratory for Applied Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Khatamirad
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group Freiburg, Botanic Garden of the Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestrasse, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Freiburg, Germany
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202
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Thibaut B. Three-dimensional printing, muscles, and skeleton: mechanical functions of living wood. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:3453-3466. [PMID: 30957846 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wood is well defined as an engineering material. However, living wood in the tree is often regarded only as a passive skeleton consisting of a sophisticated pipe system for the ascent of sap and a tree-like structure made of a complex material to resist external forces. There are two other active key roles of living wood in the field of biomechanics: (i) additive manufacturing of the whole structure by cell division and expansion, and (ii) a 'muscle' function of living fibres or tracheids generating forces at the sapwood periphery. The living skeleton representing most of the sapwood is a mere accumulation of dead tracheids and libriform fibres after their programmed cell death. It keeps a record of the two active roles of living wood in its structure, chemical composition, and state of residual stresses. Models and field experiments define four biomechanical traits based on stem geometry and parameters of wood properties resulting from additive manufacturing and force generation. Geometric parameters resulting from primary and secondary growth play the larger role. Passive wood properties are only secondary parameters, while dissymmetric force generation is key for movement, posture control, and tree reshaping after accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Thibaut
- Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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203
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Pundarikakshudu K, Sharma AK, Bhatt CJ, Kanaki NS. Development and Validation of a High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Reserpine, Atropine, and Piperine in Sarpagandha Ghanvati, a Classical Ayurvedic Preparation. J AOAC Int 2019; 102:1021-1026. [PMID: 30558695 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.18-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorders are the most common of emotional disorders, affecting more than 20 million people annually. Sarpagandha Ghanvati is a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation prescribed in conditions of insomnia, hysteria, and is used as an anxiolytic agent. Standardization and quality control are the two major issues that need to be addressed for herbal formulations, especially those containing multiple herbal ingredients. Objective: An HPTLC method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of reserpine, atropine, and piperine from Sarpagandha Ghanvati containing Rauwolfia serpentine (root), Hyoscyamus niger (seed), and Piper longum (root and stem). Methods: The marker compounds were effectively resolved on a silica gel G TLC plate using toluene-ethyl acetate-diethyl amine (7+2+1, v/v) as the mobile phase. The detected wavelengths for reserpine, atropine, and piperine were 269, 220, and 254 nm, respectively. The method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Results: R. serpentine roots contained 0.82% w/w of reserpine. Atropine content in the seeds of H. niger was found to be 0.004% w/w, whereas P. longum roots were found to contain 0.508% of piperine. The method was found to be accurate, which was evident from 98.93, 99.46, and 99.10% recovery of reserpine, atropine, and piperine, respectively, when the respective herbs were spiked with them. By the developed HPTLC method, 1.0 g of Sarpagandha Ghanvati was found to contain 4.94, 0.049, and 0.318 mg of reserpine, atropine, and piperine, respectively. The recoveries of these three markers from the formulation were found to be 90.32, 92.45, and 89.97%, respectively. Conclusions: The developed method can be successfully used for simultaneous estimation of these marker compounds and for the quality control of the classical Ayurvedic formulation Sarpagandha Ghanvati. Highlights: This works describes effects of extraction solvents on the quantities of marker compounds in the formulations. It also suggests a simple and reliable HPTLC method for simultaneous quantification of three different marker compounds from a poly-herbal formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilambi Pundarikakshudu
- L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L.J. Campus, between Kataria Motors and Sarkhej-Sanand Circle, S.G. Rd, Ahmedabad, India 382210
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- AIMIL Pharmaceuticals (India) Ltd, Saini Majra, Ropar Nalagarh Rd, Tehsil Nalagarh, District Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India 174101
| | - Chaitanya J Bhatt
- Ydik Nature Care Products Private Ltd, Plot No. 944, Rambhai Estate, Behind Kankuba Sanskar Kendra, Aslali, Ahmedabad 382427, Gujarat, India
| | - Niranjan S Kanaki
- K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Sector - 23, Near GH - 6, Gandhinagar, India 382023
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204
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Xin L, Guo Z, Xiao X, Peng C, Zeng P, Feng W, Xu W. Feasibility of anaerobic digestion on the release of biogas and heavy metals from rice straw pretreated with sodium hydroxide. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:19434-19444. [PMID: 31077050 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of anaerobic digestion on the release of biogas and heavy metals from contaminated rice straw pretreated with NaOH solution was studied. The results show that NaOH pretreatment can significantly boost the release of biogas and heavy metals from rice straw using anaerobic digestion. Under the optimal conditions for biomass pretreated 6% (w/w) NaOH with a solid-to-solution ratio of 1:20, total biogas and methane yields of 446.3 mL/g and 263.5 mL/g volatile solids were achieved, which were 22.18% and 41.59% higher than those of the control without NaOH pretreatment, respectively, and the release percentages of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn from rice straw reached 86.95-97.69%. The release of heavy metals from rice straw can contribute to both the degradation of lignin by NaOH pretreatment and the utilization/transformation of lignocellulose via anaerobic digestion. The acidification levels and total volatile fatty acid contents significantly influence on the release of heavy metals. Based on the Illumina HiSeq sequencing analysis, the dominant phyla in the biogas residues were proteolytic (Bacteroidetes) and hydrogen-producing (Firmicutes) bacteria, while the growth of Methanospirillum and Methanosaeta in anaerobically digested effluent was promoted. The results revealed that anaerobic digestion combined with NaOH pretreatment is suitable for the disposal of heavy metal-contaminated biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Xin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, No. 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, No. 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, No. 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Peng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, No. 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, No. 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Feng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, No. 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxuan Xu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, No. 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
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205
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Mohamed I, Ali M, Ahmed N, Chen F. Cadmium immobilization and alleviation of its toxicity for soybean grown in a clay loam contaminated soil using sugarcane bagasse-derived biochar. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:21849-21857. [PMID: 31134549 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of organic amendments is one of the most eco-friendly and economic strategies for the restoration of contaminated soils through diminishing mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in these soils. This study was carried out under field conditions during the summer season of 2017 on a clay loam soil naturally polluted with Cd (7.61 mg kg-1) due to successive irrigations with wastewater. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of sugarcane bagasse-derived biochar (SBDB) at different rates on fractionation of Cd in soil and its implications on the growth of soybean and concentrations of Cd within the different plant parts. Incorporation of SBDB into the chosen contaminated soil caused noticeable changes in soil pH, electrical conductivity and organic matter, especially with increasing the rate of application. Immobilization of Cd in the used soil was highly influenced by soil properties. According to the sequential extraction procedure, application of SBDB had an efficient role in reducing the soluble/exchangeable fraction. Moreover, it declined both the reducible and oxidizable forms of Cd. The dry weight of soybean organs (roots, seeds, and straw) improved significantly with SBDB additions. The highest dry weight values of straw and seeds for soybean plants were recorded when the soil was treated with SBDB at rates of 15 and 30 t ha-1. Concentrations of Cd in straw and seeds of soybean were markedly affected by its availability in the soil. They decreased from 2.77, 0.96, and 0.62 mg kg-1 at the control treatment (CK) to 1.75, 0.47, and 0.20 mg kg-1 at B4 treatment (30 t SBDB) ha-1 in roots, straw, and seeds of soybean, respectively. In conclusion, the use of SBDB showed high efficiency in the amelioration of Cd-polluted soils and in decreasing Cd toxicity on soybean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Mohamed
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Kalyoubia, 13736, Egypt.
- China Program of International Plant Nutrition Institute, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Maha Ali
- Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Kalyoubia, 13736, Egypt
| | - Nevin Ahmed
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Kalyoubia, 13736, Egypt
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- China Program of International Plant Nutrition Institute, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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206
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Yu HH, Lin Y, Zeng R, Li X, Zhang T, Tasneem S, Chen C, Qiu YX, Li B, Liao J, Wang YH, Cai X, Wang W. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of Kadsura heteroclita stems, an anti-arthritic Chinese Tujia ethnomedicinal herb. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 238:111902. [PMID: 31018145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by failure of spontaneous resolution of inflammation. The stem of Kadsura heteroclite (KHS) is a well-known anti-arthritic Tujia ethnomedicinal plant, which named Xuetong in folk, has long been used for the prevention and treatment of rheumatic and arthritic diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and the potential mechanisms behind such effects of KHS would be investigated by using different animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The abdominal writhing episodes of mice induced by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid and the tail-flick response induced by radiant heat stimulation were used to evaluate the analgesic effect of KHS. The number of abdominal writhing episodes of mice and the latency of tail-flick in rats were measured and recorded. In acute inflammatory models, the ear edema of mice was induced by applying xylene on the ear surface, while the paw edema of male and female rats was induced by subcutaneous injection of carrageenan into the right hind paws of animals. The carrageenan-induced paw swelling in rats were selected as an anti-acute inflammatory mechanism of KHS. Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA, and protein expression of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected by Western blot. RESULTS The maximal tolerated single dose of KHS was determined to be 26 g/kg in both sexes of mice. Pharmacological studies showed that KHS at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly prolonged the reaction time of rats to radiant heat stimulation and suppressed abdominal writhing episodes of mice induced by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid. KHS at the dose of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, showed dose-dependent inhibition of xylene-induced ear swelling in mice. KHS at the dose of 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg demonstrated dose- and time-dependent suppression of paw edema induced by subcutaneous injection of carrageenan in both all rats. Mechanistic studies revealed that the anti-inflammatory effect of KHS was associated with inhibition of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and effectively decreased the expression of COX and iNOS proteins in the carrageenan-injected rat serum, paw tissues and inflammatory exudates. The positive reference drug, rotundine at a dosage of 100 mg/kg and indomethacin at a dosage of 10 mg/kg were used in both mice and rat models. CONCLUSION These results suggested that KHS has significant effects on analgesia and anti-inflammation with decreasing the pro-inflammation cytokines of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and inhibiting the proteins expression of COX-2 and iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-He Yu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China; Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Ye Lin
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Rong Zeng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Shumaila Tasneem
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Cong Chen
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Yi-Xing Qiu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Jin Liao
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Yu-Hong Wang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Xiong Cai
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
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207
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Twumasi MA, Tandoh A, Mante PK, Ekuadzi E, Boakye-Gyasi ME, Benneh CK, Kumadoh D, Woode E. Leaves and stems of Capparis erythrocarpos, more sustainable than roots, show antiarthritic effects. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 238:111890. [PMID: 30999014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Capparis erythrocarpos is a medicinal plant used widely in many parts of Africa for the management of pain and inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Its wide range of use, popularity and high value, make C. erythrocarpos containing products a target for economically driven adulteration. This is made worse, by the use of roots, which are unsustainable plant parts. In addition, the mechanism of anti-inflammation is not clearly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY Therefore, this study comparatively evaluated the anti-arthritic and analgesic effects of the leaves, stems and roots of C. erythrocarpos, while elucidating the mechanism of anti-inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the complete Freund's adjuvant arthritis model, the antiathritic effects were evaluated. The analgesic effects were determined by measuring responses to Von Frey filament number 9. Effects of C. erythrocarpos extracts on the levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined using ELISA. Haematological and serum biochemical assays were also carried out. RESULTS The leaf, stem and root extracts significantly reduced paw volumes with ED50 values (mg/kg) of 182.5, 181.5 and 36.4 respectively. The leaf extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg showed substantial analgesic activity with a decrease in the percentage response to Von Frey filament 9. However, there was no significant difference in activities of the leaf, stem and root extracts. Results from ELISA assays show that lower doses of the stem extracts reduce levels of IL-6. Lower doses of all extracts also reduce TNF-α levels. Haematological analysis showed extracts reversed elevated WBC and platelet levels. Toxicity evaluation with kidney and liver function tests indicated no significant differences between the treatment and control groups. CONCLUSIONS The leaves and stems, just as the roots, have antiarthritic and analgesic effects and can be used as more sustainable alternatives to the roots. This will support the continuous growth of the industry that has developed around C. erythrocarpos.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Twumasi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - A Tandoh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - P K Mante
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - E Ekuadzi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - M E Boakye-Gyasi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - C K Benneh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - D Kumadoh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong, Ghana
| | - E Woode
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Han X, Li L, Wei C, Zhang J, Bao J. Facilitation of l-Lactic Acid Fermentation by Lignocellulose Biomass Rich in Vitamin B Compounds. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:7082-7086. [PMID: 31199642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vitamins are important nutrients for many fermentations, but they are generally costly. Agricultural lignocellulose biomass contains considerable amounts of vitamin B compounds, but these water-soluble vitamins are easily lost into wastewater discharge during pretreatment or detoxification of lignocellulose in biorefinery processes. Here, we showed that the dry acid pretreatment and biodetoxification process allowed the preservation of significant amounts of vitamin B, which promoted l-lactic acid fermentation efficiency significantly. Supplementation with specific vitamin B compounds, VB3 and VB5, into corn stover hydrolysate led to further increases of cellulosic l-lactic acid yield and fermentation rates. This study provided a new solution for the enhancement of biorefinery fermentation efficiency by using vitamin B compounds in lignocellulose biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xushen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Chengxiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
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209
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Gutsch A, Sergeant K, Keunen E, Prinsen E, Guerriero G, Renaut J, Hausman JF, Cuypers A. Does long-term cadmium exposure influence the composition of pectic polysaccharides in the cell wall of Medicago sativa stems? BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:271. [PMID: 31226937 PMCID: PMC6588869 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) accumulates in the environment due to anthropogenic influences. It is unessential and harmful to all life forms. The plant cell wall forms a physical barrier against environmental stress and changes in the cell wall structure have been observed upon Cd exposure. In the current study, changes in the cell wall composition and structure of Medicago sativa stems were investigated after long-term exposure to Cd. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for quantitative protein analysis was complemented with targeted gene expression analysis and combined with analyses of the cell wall composition. RESULTS Several proteins determining for the cell wall structure changed in abundance. Structural changes mainly appeared in the composition of pectic polysaccharides and data indicate an increased presence of xylogalacturonan in response to Cd. Although a higher abundance and enzymatic activity of pectin methylesterase was detected, the total pectin methylation was not affected. CONCLUSIONS An increased abundance of xylogalacturonan might hinder Cd binding in the cell wall due to the methylation of its galacturonic acid backbone. Probably, the exclusion of Cd from the cell wall and apoplast limits the entry of the heavy metal into the symplast and is an important factor during tolerance acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Gutsch
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Els Keunen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Ju C, Zhang H, Yao S, Dong S, Cao D, Wang F, Fang H, Yu Y. Uptake, Translocation, and Subcellular Distribution of Azoxystrobin in Wheat Plant ( Triticum aestivum L.). J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:6691-6699. [PMID: 31135152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The uptake mechanism, translocation, and subcellular distribution of azoxystrobin (5 mg kg-1) in wheat plants was investigated under laboratory conditions. The wheat-water system reached equilibrium after 96 h. Azoxystrobin concentrations in roots were much higher than those in stems and leaves under different exposure times. Azoxystrobin uptake by roots was highly linear at different exposure concentrations, while the bioconcentration factors and translocation factors were independent of the exposed concentration at the equilibrium state. Dead roots adsorbed a larger amount of azoxystrobin than fresh roots, which was measured at different concentrations. Azoxystrobin preferentially accumulated in organelles, and the highest distribution proportion was detected in the soluble cell fractions. This study elucidated that the passive transport and apoplastic pathway dominated the uptake of azoxystrobin by wheat roots. Azoxystrobin primarily accumulated in roots and could be acropetally translocated, but its translocation capacity from roots to stems was limited. Additionally, the uptake and distribution of azoxystrobin by wheat plants could be predicted well by a partition-limited model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ju
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Hongchao Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Shijie Yao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Suxia Dong
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Duantao Cao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Feiyan Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Hua Fang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
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211
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Kwon KR, Alam MB, Park JH, Kim TH, Lee SH. Attenuation of UVB-Induced Photo-Aging by Polyphenolic-Rich Spatholobus Suberectus Stem Extract Via Modulation of MAPK/AP-1/MMPs Signaling in Human Keratinocytes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061341. [PMID: 31207929 PMCID: PMC6627339 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that ultraviolet light activates mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase by increasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body, enhancing activating protein 1(AP-1) complexes (c-Jun and c-Fos), increasing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and degrading collagen and elastin. In this study, we confirmed that polyphenolic rich Spatholobus suberectus (SS) stem extracts suppressed ultraviolet (UV)-induced photo-aging. The major active components of SS stem extracts were identified as gallic acid, catechin, vanillic acid, syringic acid and epicatechin. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the stem of SS (SSW and SSE, respectively) significantly reduced the elastase enzyme activity. Moreover, both extracts were suppressed the ROS generation and cellular damage induced by UVB in HaCaT cells. Our results also revealed that SSE could regulate the expression of MMPs, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), elastin (ELN) and hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) at their transcriptional and translational level. Furthermore, SSE was blocked the UVB-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and c-Jun. Moreover, combination of syringic acid, epicatechin and vanillic acid showed strong synergistic effects on elastase inhibition activity, in which the combination index (CI) was 0.28. Overall, these results strongly suggest that the polyphenolics of SSE exert anti-ageing potential as a natural biomaterial to inhibit UVB-induced photo-aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoo-Ri Kwon
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Anti-ageing Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Tae-Ho Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea.
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Anti-ageing Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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212
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Smedbol É, Lucotte M, Maccario S, Gomes MP, Paquet S, Moingt M, Mercier LLC, Sobarzo MRP, Blouin MA. Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid Content in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean Leaves, Stems, and Roots and Associated Phytotoxicity Following a Single Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Application. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:6133-6142. [PMID: 31067046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) applications were reported to induce physiological damages to glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean, which were mainly attributed to aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). In order to study glyphosate and AMPA dynamics in plants and associated phytotoxic effects, a greenhouse experiment was set where GR soybeans were exposed to GBH (0.7 to 4.5 kg glyphosate ha-1) and sampled over time (2, 7, 14, and 28 days after treatment (DAT)). Hydrogen peroxide content increased 2 DAT, while a decrease was observed for the effective quantum yield (2, 7, 14 DAT), stomatal conductance (2 DAT), and biomass (14 DAT). Glyphosate content was higher in leaves, followed by stems, and then roots. AMPA content tended to increase with time, especially in roots, and the amount of AMPA in roots was negatively correlated to mostly all phytotoxicity indicators. This finding is important since AMPA residues are measured in agricultural soils several months after GBH applications, which could impact productivity in GR crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élise Smedbol
- Université du Québec à Montréal , GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement , 201 Avenue du Président-Kennedy , H2X 3Y7 Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Marc Lucotte
- Université du Québec à Montréal , GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement , 201 Avenue du Président-Kennedy , H2X 3Y7 Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Sophie Maccario
- Université du Québec à Montréal , GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement , 201 Avenue du Président-Kennedy , H2X 3Y7 Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes
- Universidade Federal do Paraná , Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas , 80050-540 Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Serge Paquet
- Université du Québec à Montréal , Département des Sciences Biologiques , 141 Avenue du Président-Kennedy , H2X 1Y4 Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Matthieu Moingt
- Université du Québec à Montréal , GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement , 201 Avenue du Président-Kennedy , H2X 3Y7 Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Lila Lucero Celis Mercier
- Université du Québec à Montréal , Département des Sciences Biologiques , 141 Avenue du Président-Kennedy , H2X 1Y4 Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Millaray Rayen Perez Sobarzo
- Université du Québec à Montréal , Département de Chimie , 2101 rue Jeanne-Mance , H2X 2J6 Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Marc-André Blouin
- Université du Québec à Montréal , Département de Chimie , 2101 rue Jeanne-Mance , H2X 2J6 Montréal , Québec , Canada
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213
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Zhao W, Zheng Z, Zhang J, Roger SF, Luo X. Allelopathically inhibitory effects of eucalyptus extracts on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa. Chemosphere 2019; 225:424-433. [PMID: 30889406 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa), as the dominant algae in eutrophic water bodies, has caused a serious harm to the local eco-environment. A biological tool, employing allelopathic inhibitory of eucalyptus to control M. aeruginosa, has been receiving tremendous attention. This work presents the results of the allelopathic inhibitory effects of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis × E.urophylla 'GLGU9') extracts of roots (ERE), stems (ESE), and leaves (ELE) on culture solutions of M. aeruginosa and its eco-physiological mechanism. The inhibitory effects of the extracts on the growth of M. aeruginosa varied greatly with ELE exhibiting the highest level of potency. Modes of action by which ELE inhibited M. aeruginosa growth were established. They involved reduction in photosynthesis, disruption of the cell membrane integrity, and inhibition of esterase activities of the cyanobacterial cells. However, ELE did not exhibit any gradients of toxicity towards zebrafish nor Washington grass plant. Species abundance and diversity in the systems remained likewise unaffected by ELE. The synergistic interaction between ELE and single-component allelochemicals (e.g., gallic acid and berberine) was ascribed to the increase in efficacy of allelochemicals in the various systems. The results of this study provide an underlying, novel, and attractive approach for controlling the growth of M. aeruginosa in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
| | - JunLei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Saint-Fort Roger
- Department of Environmental Science, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, T3E 6K6, Canada
| | - XingZhang Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
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214
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Cetina-Montejo L, Ayora-Talavera G, Borges-Argáez R. Zeylanone epoxide isolated from Diospyros anisandra stem bark inhibits influenza virus in vitro. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1543-1552. [PMID: 30905031 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus infection is a public health problem, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Currently, zanamivir and oseltamivir are in common use, and there are already reports of antiviral resistance. Several studies have shown the antiviral potential of a wide variety of plant-based natural compounds, among them those of the quinone type. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of naphthoquinones isolated from the stem bark of Diospyros anisandra, and we selected zeylanone epoxide (ZEP) to study its effects on influenza A and B viruses. Our results indicated that ZEP inhibits the replication of influenza A and B viruses, at early and middle stages of the replication cycle. Confined nuclear localization of the viral NP indicated that ZEP affects its intracellular distribution and reduces viral yield. This is the first report on the antiviral properties and possible mechanism of action of ZEP in vitro, showing its broad-spectrum activity against influenza A and B viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisseth Cetina-Montejo
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 Número 130 x 32 y 34, CP 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera
- Departamento de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr, Hideyo Nogüchi", Calle 96 s/n x Av. Jacinto Canek y calle 47 Paseo de Las Fuentes, CP 97225, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - Rocío Borges-Argáez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 Número 130 x 32 y 34, CP 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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215
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Zhu YX, Zhang ZX, Zhang HP, Chai LS, Li L, Ma SG, Li Y. A new ascorbic acid derivative and two new terpenoids from the leaves and twigs of Rhododendron decorum. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2019; 21:579-586. [PMID: 30668153 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1561669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical study of the ethanol extract of the leaves and twigs of Rhododendron decorum afforded a new ascorbic acid derivative (1), a new ionone analogue (2), a new ursane-type triterpenoid glucoside (3), and four known compounds (4-7). The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including HRESIMS, 1D, and 2D NMR. The anti-neuroinflammatory activities of the compounds were evaluated by measuring inhibitory effects of LPS-induced NO production in BV2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xun Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhao-Xin Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huan-Ping Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li-Sha Chai
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuang-Gang Ma
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yong Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, China
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216
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Nayan N, van Erven G, Kabel MA, Sonnenberg ASM, Hendriks WH, Cone JW. Evaluation of fungal degradation of wheat straw cell wall using different analytical methods from ruminant nutrition perspective. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:4054-4062. [PMID: 30737799 PMCID: PMC6593870 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White rot fungi have been used to improve the nutritive value of lignocellulose for ruminants. In feed analysis, the Van Soest method is widely used to determine the cell wall contents. To assess the reliability of this method (Method A) for determination of cell wall contents in fungal-treated wheat straw, we compared a combined monosaccharide analysis and pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) (Method B). Ruminal digestibility, measured as in vitro gas production (IVGP), was subsequently used to examine which method explains best the effect of fungal pretreatment on the digestibility of wheat straw. RESULTS Both methods differed considerably in the mass recoveries of the individual cell wall components, which changed on how we assess their degradation characteristics. For example, Method B gave a higher degradation of lignin (61.9%), as compared to Method A (33.2%). Method A, however, showed a better correlation of IVGP with the ratio of lignin to total structural carbohydrates, as compared to Method B (Pearson's r of -0.84 versus -0.69). Nevertheless, Method B provides a more accurate quantification of lignin, reflecting its actual modification and degradation. With the information on the lignin structural features, Method B presents a substantial advantage in understanding the underlying mechanisms of lignin breakdown. Both methods, however, could not accurately quantify the cellulose contents - among others, due to interference of fungal biomass. CONCLUSION Method A only accounts for the recalcitrant residue and therefore is more suitable for evaluating ruminal digestibility. Method B allows a more accurate quantification of cell wall, required to understand and better explains the actual modification of the cell wall. The suitability of both methods, therefore, depends on their intended purposes. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazri Nayan
- Animal Nutrition GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Erven
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A Kabel
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Wouter H Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - John W Cone
- Animal Nutrition GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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217
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Meng X, Li BB, Lin X, Jiang YY, Zhang L, Li HZ, Cui L. New polyacetylenes glycoside from Eclipta prostrate with DGAT inhibitory activity. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2019; 21:501-506. [PMID: 29882413 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1452914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One new polyacetylene glycoside eprostrata Ⅰ (1), together with seven known compounds (2-8), were isolated from Eclipta prostrata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and physico-chemical analyses. All the isolates were evaluated inhibitory activity on DGAT in an in vitro assay. Compounds 1-8 were found to exhibit inhibitory activity of DGAT1 with IC50 values ranging from 74.4 ± 1.3 to 101.1 ± 1.1 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Meng
- a College of Pharmacy , Beihua University , Jilin 132013 , China
| | - Ban-Ban Li
- a College of Pharmacy , Beihua University , Jilin 132013 , China
| | - Xin Lin
- a College of Pharmacy , Beihua University , Jilin 132013 , China
| | - Yi-Yu Jiang
- a College of Pharmacy , Beihua University , Jilin 132013 , China
| | - Le Zhang
- a College of Pharmacy , Beihua University , Jilin 132013 , China
| | - Hao-Ze Li
- a College of Pharmacy , Beihua University , Jilin 132013 , China
| | - Long Cui
- a College of Pharmacy , Beihua University , Jilin 132013 , China
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218
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Liu Y, Sohi SP, Jing F, Chen J. Oxidative ageing induces change in the functionality of biochar and hydrochar: Mechanistic insights from sorption of atrazine. Environmental Pollution 2019; 249:1002-1010. [PMID: 31146306 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One attraction of using hydrochar (HC) and biochar (BC) in soil is their intrinsic affinity for organic contaminants. Oxidative ageing is likely to induce changes in physicochemical properties and functionality. To explore the long-term potential trajectories for corn stalk HC and BC to adsorb organic pollutants, we employed HC and BC exposure in 5% H2O2 to simulate oxidative ageing and get insights into mechanisms of atrazine adsorption on fresh and artificially aged materials. The physicochemical properties of fresh and aged materials were systematically compared using elemental analysis, SSA, FTIR, XPS and SEM-EDS, alongside K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 treatment to assess chemical oxidation stability. Atrazine is a typical herbicide chemical and hydrophobic organic pollutant. Adsorption isotherms of atrazine were used to reveal differences in mechanisms of sorption to BC and HC, by assessment before and ageing. BC freshly produced at 650 °C displayed higher capacity for atrazine sorption than BC produced at 500 °C, with a dominant role for π-π EDA interactions. The sorption capacity of HC freshly produced at 250 °C was higher than for HC produced at 200 °C HC, owing to higher C content and atrazine partitioning into the organic phase. Ageing increased the surface abundance of oxygenated functional groups for BC and HC and diminished bulk aromaticity. After ageing, atrazine sorption by high temperature BC was lower, but for HC it was increased. Such divergent effects must be considered when developing strategies to co-manage contaminants and carbon through the addition of carbonized materials to land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Saran P Sohi
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Fanqi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
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219
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Wang J, Zhang J, Zhang CN, Liao XC, Li J, Ma BP. [Difference of alkaloid components between old stems and tender stems of Gelsemium elegans]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:2552-2558. [PMID: 31359723 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190416.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to comprehensively assess the difference of alkaloid components between old stems and tender stems of Gelsemium elegans by using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photo-diode array and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry( UPLC-Q-TOF/MS~E) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detector( HPLC-UV). Firstly,the different components in old stems and tender stems were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MSEcombined with principal component analysis( PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis( OPLS-DA),respectively. As a result,17 major different components were found. At the same time,the distribution of these alkaloids in old stems and tender stems was determined,and the alkaloids with higher polarity are relatively higher in the tender stems,while the old stems are in the opposite case. In addition,three main components in the G. elegans were quantified by HPLC-UV. The results showed that the contents of koumine and humantenmine in old stems were higher than those in tender stems,and the content of gelsemine in tender stems was relatively high. This study systematically evaluated the differences of alkaloids between the old stems and tender stems of G. elegans,and quantified the main three alkaloids. It laid the foundation of the safe and effective application of G. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 300193,China Institute of Radiation Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Academy of Military Sciences Beijing 100850,China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Academy of Military Sciences Beijing 100850,China
| | - Chun-Ni Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Academy of Military Sciences Beijing 100850,China
| | - Xiao-Chun Liao
- Yunnan Mingjinghengli Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. Kunming 650100,China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Academy of Military Sciences Beijing 100850,China
| | - Bai-Ping Ma
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 300193,China Institute of Radiation Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Academy of Military Sciences Beijing 100850,China
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220
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Dos Santos CHC, de Carvalho MG, Franke K, Wessjohann L. Dammarane-type triterpenoids from the stem of Ziziphus glaziovii Warm. (Rhamnaceae). Phytochemistry 2019; 162:250-259. [PMID: 30965192 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Seven undescribed dammarane-type triterpenoids, together with ten known compounds, were isolated from the stems of Ziziphus glaziovii Warm (= Sarcomphalus glaziovii (Warm.) Hauenschild). The structures were fully assigned by means of uni- and bidimensional NMR and HR-ESI-MS experiments. Extract, fractions and also isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial (against Bacillus subtilis and Aliivibrio fischeri), cytotoxic (against PC-3 and HT-29 human cancer cell lines), anthelmintic (against Caenorhabditis elegans) and antifungal (against Septoria triciti, Botrytis cinerea and Phytopthoria infestans) activities. The methanolic crude extract exhibited substantial antibacterial and cytotoxic activity. The known triterpenes epigouanic acid and alphitolic acid were the most active compounds against B. subtilis, with IC50 of 12 and 22 μM, respectively. The isolated compounds presented up to a concentration of 10 μM none or only weak effects in the cytotoxicity assays. No anthelminthic and antifungal activities were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique Corrêa Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Mario Geraldo de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Katrin Franke
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ludger Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Wang XD, Han QH, Zhang J, Zhang QY, Tu PF, Liang H. Three new triterpenoid saponins from Albizia julibrissin. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2019; 21:535-541. [PMID: 29756490 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1473385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three new triterpenoid saponins, julibrosides A5-A7 (1-3), together with five known saponins (4-8), were isolated from the stem bark of Albizia julibrissin. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analysis of MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and chemical methods. Compounds 7 and 8 were isolated from the genus Albizia for the first time. The new compounds showed no cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Da Wang
- a Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Qing-Hua Han
- a Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Jun Zhang
- a Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Qing-Ying Zhang
- a Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- a Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Hong Liang
- a Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
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Sukandar ER, Kaennakam S, Rassamee K, Ersam T, Siripong P, Tip-Pyang S. Tetrandraxanthones A-I, Prenylated and Geranylated Xanthones from the Stem Bark of Garcinia tetrandra. J Nat Prod 2019; 82:1312-1318. [PMID: 30978023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nine new xanthones, tetrandraxanthones A-I (1-9), and 22 known xanthones (10-31) were isolated from Garcinia tetrandra stem bark. The structures of 1-9 were characterized through detailed spectroscopic analysis, including HRESIMS and 2D NMR data. Among the compounds tested for their cytotoxicity, 26 showed significant cytotoxic effects against five human cancer cell lines, including MCF-7, HT-29, KB, Hep G2, and HeLa S3, with IC50 values in the range of 1.6-3.4 μM, while 10 and 11 were cytotoxic against the MCF-7, HeLa S3, and KB cell lines, with IC50 values of 4.3-9.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Risky Sukandar
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand
- Natural Products and Synthesis Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember , Kampus ITS Sukolilo , Surabaya 60111 , Indonesia
| | - Sutin Kaennakam
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand
| | - Kitiya Rassamee
- Natural Products Research Section, Research Division , National Cancer Institute , Bangkok 10400 , Thailand
| | - Taslim Ersam
- Natural Products and Synthesis Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember , Kampus ITS Sukolilo , Surabaya 60111 , Indonesia
| | - Pongpun Siripong
- Natural Products Research Section, Research Division , National Cancer Institute , Bangkok 10400 , Thailand
| | - Santi Tip-Pyang
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand
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Park KJ, Kim CS, Khan Z, Oh J, Kim SY, Choi SU, Lee KR. Securinega Alkaloids from the Twigs of Securinega suffruticosa and Their Biological Activities. J Nat Prod 2019; 82:1345-1353. [PMID: 31082231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Seven new Securinega alkaloids, securingines A-G (1-7), together with seven known analogues (8-14), were isolated from the twigs of Securinega suffruticosa. Their chemical structures were elucidated by a combined approach of spectroscopic analysis, chemical methods, ECD calculations, and DP4+ probability analysis. The full NMR assignments and the absolute configuration of compound 8 are also reported. In addition, all the isolated phytochemicals (1-14) were assessed for their cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and potential neuroprotective activities. Compound 4 showed cytotoxic activity (IC50 values of 1.5-6.8 μM) against four human cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT15). Compounds 3, 10, 12, and 13 showed potent inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production (IC50 values of 12.6, 12.1, 1.1, and 7.7 μM, respectively) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine microglia BV-2 cells. Compound 5 exhibited a nerve growth factor production effect (172.6 ± 1.2%) in C6 glioma cells at 20 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Jin Park
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Sub Kim
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Zahra Khan
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , Gachon University , Incheon 21936 , Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy , Gachon University , #191, Hambakmoero , Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936 , Republic of Korea
| | - Joonseok Oh
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
- Chemical Biology Institute , Yale University , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , Gachon University , Incheon 21936 , Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy , Gachon University , #191, Hambakmoero , Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Choi
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Ro Lee
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
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Dongmo OLM, Epoh NJ, Tadjoua HT, Yousuf S, Telefo PB, Tapondjou LA, Choudhary MI. Acute and sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous extract from the stem bark of Tetrapleura tetrapteura Taub. (Fabaceae) in mice and rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 236:42-49. [PMID: 30771517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tetrapleura tetrapteura Taub. is a leguminous multipurpose tree (Fabaceae) indigenous to tropical Africa. Fruits, seeds and stem bark infusions or decoctions of Tetrapleura tetrapteura Taub. are used to treat many diseases, such as gastric ulcer, rheumatism, malaria, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. AIM OF THE STUDY This work was conducted to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Tetrapleura tetrapteura Taub. (AETT) stem barks. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the study of acute toxicity, single oral doses of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg of AETT were administrated to male and female Balb/c mice, followed by observation of mice for 14 days. In the study of sub-acute toxicity, 48 albino wistar rats of both genders were randomly divided into six groups of 8 animals and they were daily and orally administrated for twenty eight days. The animal's test groups and satellite test group were administrated with the extract (AETT) at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively. On the 29th day, the satellite group (control 2 and satellite 400 mg/kg) were observed during two more weeks. General behavior changes, mortality, body weight of animal, water and food intake were recorded during the study period. At the end of each treatment period, biochemical and hematological parameters were measured and histological examinations of liver and kidneys sections performed. RESULTS Up to 5000 mg/kg single dose administration of AETT for fourteen days registered no death animal. In sub-acute study, no mortality was recorded in various experimental groups. Significant reductions in body weight, water and food intake were recorded in all treated animals. Relative weights of liver, kidneys, stomach, spleen, lungs, and heart of treated animals remained unchanged. Significant increases in the number of platelets as well as in serum ALAT level were recorded in rats, treated with 400 mg/kg of AETT. Female rat liver histology showed, at a higher dose of AETT, a slight congestion of portal vein. CONCLUSION AETT is safe after therapeutic (200 mg/kg) or acute administration. Higher dose (400 mg/kg) administered for longer period showed signs of liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivette Laure Matafack Dongmo
- Department of Biochemistry, Dschang University, Laboratory of Biochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition, P.O Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Nadine Joissy Epoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dschang University, Laboratory of Biochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition, P.O Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Herve Tchoumbou Tadjoua
- Department of Animal Biology, Dschang University, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, P.O Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- H.E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Phelix Bruno Telefo
- Department of Biochemistry, Dschang University, Laboratory of Biochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences and Nutrition, P.O Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Leon Azefack Tapondjou
- Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (P.C.M.D.), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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225
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Sasikumar P, Lekshmy K, Sini S, Prabha B, Kumar NA, Sivan VV, Jithin MM, Jayamurthy P, Shibi IG, Radhakrishnan KV. Isolation and characterization of resveratrol oligomers from the stem bark of Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabb. And their antidiabetic effect by modulation of digestive enzymes, protein glycation and glucose uptake in L6 myocytes. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 236:196-204. [PMID: 30844488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabb. Is used in traditional herbal formulations for diabetes complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of extracts and compounds from H. ponga. MATERIALS AND METHODS Silica gel column chromatography was performed to identify various chemical components of the plant extract. Different extracts of H. ponga and isolated compounds were screened for their antidiabetic effect by modulation of digestive enzymes and protein glycation. The effect of glucose uptake by the compounds and the pathways through which the compounds mediate the glucose uptake potential were confirmed by fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry and western blot analysis. RESULTS Acetone and ethanol extracts of the stem bark of Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabb. Afforded six resveratrol oligomers namely, E-resveratrol (1), (-)-ε-viniferin (2), (-)-α-viniferin (3), trihydroxyphenanthrene glucoside (THPG) (4), vaticaphenol A (5), (-)-hopeaphenol (6), along with four phytosterols. The structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data. Compounds 1-5 and 7-10 were tested for their α-glucosidase, α-amylase and glycation inhibitiory activities. All the resveratrol oligomers (1-5) showed prominent α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 values, 12.56 ± 1.00, 23.98 ± 1.11, 7.17 ± 1.10, 31.74 ± 0.42 and 16.95 ± 0.39 μM, respectively. Molecular docking studies also supported the observed α-glucosidase inhibition. Compound 3 displayed IC50 values of 4.85 ± 0.06 and 27.10 ± 0.04 μM in α-amylase and glycation inhibitory assays activity. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed that the compounds 3 and 4 were found to be less toxic at a concentration of 100 μM (<10%) and 25 μM (<20%), respectively. The effect of glucose uptake performed by 2-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) in L6 myoblast were measured by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. The compounds 3 and 4 showed 2-NBDG uptake of 49.6% and 38.8% respectively. By examining the molecular pathway through which the compounds elicit their glucose uptake potential, it was observed that both the compounds mainly act via AMPK pathway. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the isolation of compounds from H. ponga. Altogether, the results of this study reveal the antidiabetic effects of H. ponga extracts and isolated compounds promoting traditional use of this plant in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sasikumar
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - K Lekshmy
- Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - S Sini
- Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - B Prabha
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - N Anil Kumar
- M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation-Community Agrobiodiversity Centre (MSSRF-CAbC), Puthurvayal, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - V V Sivan
- M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation-Community Agrobiodiversity Centre (MSSRF-CAbC), Puthurvayal, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - M M Jithin
- M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation-Community Agrobiodiversity Centre (MSSRF-CAbC), Puthurvayal, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - P Jayamurthy
- Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - I G Shibi
- Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College, Chempazhanthy, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - K V Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India.
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De Bona GS, Adrian M, Negrel J, Chiltz A, Klinguer A, Poinssot B, Héloir MC, Angelini E, Vincenzi S, Bertazzon N. Dual Mode of Action of Grape Cane Extracts against Botrytis cinerea. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:5512-5520. [PMID: 31008600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Crude extracts of Vitis vinifera canes represent a natural source of stilbene compounds with well characterized antifungals properties. In our trials, exogenous application of a stilbene extract (SE) obtained from grape canes on grapevine leaves reduces the necrotic lesions caused by Botrytis cinerea. The SE showed to possess a direct antifungal activity by inhibiting the mycelium growth. The activation of some grapevine defense mechanism was also investigated. H2O2 production and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation cascades as well as accumulation of stilbenoid phytoalexins were explored on grapevine cell suspension. Moreover, the transcription of genes encoding for proteins affecting defense responses was analyzed on grapevine plants. The SE induced some grapevine defense mechanisms including MAPK activation, and the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and of a gene encoding the glutathione-S-transferase 1 ( GST1) . By contrast, treatment of grapevine leaves with SE negatively regulates de novo stilbene production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marielle Adrian
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon , CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne , Franche-Comte , F-21000 Dijon , France
| | - Jonathan Negrel
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon , CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne , Franche-Comte , F-21000 Dijon , France
| | - Annick Chiltz
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon , CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne , Franche-Comte , F-21000 Dijon , France
| | - Agnès Klinguer
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon , CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne , Franche-Comte , F-21000 Dijon , France
| | - Benoît Poinssot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon , CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne , Franche-Comte , F-21000 Dijon , France
| | - Marie-Claire Héloir
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon , CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne , Franche-Comte , F-21000 Dijon , France
| | - Elisa Angelini
- CREA Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via XXVIII Aprile 26 , Conegliano , Treviso 31015 , Italy
| | | | - Nadia Bertazzon
- CREA Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via XXVIII Aprile 26 , Conegliano , Treviso 31015 , Italy
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Jia YN, Peng YL, Zhao YP, Cheng XF, Zhou Y, Chai CL, Zeng LS, Pan MH, Xu L. Comparison of the Hepatoprotective Effects of the Three Main Stilbenes from Mulberry Twigs. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:5521-5529. [PMID: 31012578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the hepatoprotective effects of Oxy (oxyresveratrol), Res (resveratrol), and MulA (mulberroside A) (80 mg/kg body weight/d, i.g.) on acute liver injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine (d-GalN) in mice. After 7 h of LPS (50 μg/kg body weight, i.p.) and d-GalN (500 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) exposure, the activities of serum transaminases and antioxidant enzymes were determined. The expressions of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signal pathway, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway related proteins were evaluated by Western blot assays. Histopathological analysis was performed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining on the separated livers of mice. The results showed that treatment with Oxy, Res, and MulA could significantly decreases the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) ( P < 0.01). MulA was the most effective ingredient among the three, and the ALT and AST levels were reduced at 90.3 ± 1.3% and 93.9 ± 1.1% compared with the LPS/D-GalN treated group ( P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the stilbenes curbed the expression of inflammatory factors, NF-κB pathway activation, and MAPKs phosphorylation and upregulated antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2, NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression levels. Stilbenes might protect the ALI caused by LPS/d-GalN through inhibiting the negative effectiveness of oxidation stress and inflammation. The protective performance of MulA was better than those of Oxy and Res, and we hypothesize that it might be due to the mediation of the specific metabolic pathway of the MulA in vivo. All of these results implied that stilbenes in mulberry twigs might be promising as natural additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Ya-Lin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Xi-Fei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Chun-Li Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Ling-Shu Zeng
- Chongqing Sericulture Science and Technology Research Institute , No. 1 Shangba Road, Dongyang Street , Beibei District, Chongqing 400700 , China
| | - Min-Hui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
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Tu WC, Qi YY, Ding LF, Yang H, Liu JX, Peng LY, Song LD, Gong X, Wu XD, Zhao QS. Diterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids from the stem bark of Metasequoia glyptostroboides. Phytochemistry 2019; 161:86-96. [PMID: 30822624 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical study on the stem bark of Metasequoia glyptostroboides led to the isolation of sixty-one diterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, including seventeen previously undescribed compounds, metaglyptins A-Q. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data (IR, UV, HRESIMS, and 1H, 13C and 2D NMR). The absolute configurations of metaglyptins I, J, and O were determined by the ECD data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The undescribed compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HeLa, AGS, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. The results revealed that metaglyptin A exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cell line with IC50 value of 20.02 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yan-Yan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Lin-Fen Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jiang-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Li-Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Liu-Dong Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xing-De Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Mushtaq W, Ain Q, Siddiqui MB, Hakeem KR. Cytotoxic allelochemicals induce ultrastructural modifications in Cassia tora L. and mitotic changes in Allium cepa L.: a weed versus weed allelopathy approach. Protoplasma 2019; 256:857-871. [PMID: 30656457 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-01343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The stress induced by allelochemicals present in stem aqueous extract (SAE) of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia on alterations in growth, ultrastructure on Cassia tora L., and mitotic changes on Allium cepa L. were inspected. Application of SAE at different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, and 4%) expressively reduced the growth of C. tora in terms of seedling length and dry biomass. Moreover, the ultrastructural variations induced in the epidermis of Cassia leaf (adaxial and abaxial surface) of 15-day-old saplings were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The variations noticed are rupturing and shrinking of cells along epidermis; damaged margins, extensively curled leaf apex along with the appearance of puff-like structures, grooves, and thread-like structures on the leaf surface. The epidermal cells of samples exposed to treatment no longer appear smooth relative to control, besides showing necrosis as well. Upon exposure to different concentrations of extract, A. cepa root tip cells showed aberrations in chromosome arrangement and disparity in the shape of the interphase and prophase nuclei along various phases of mitotic cycle as compared to control. The mitotic index (MI) showed a concentration-dependent decline in onion root tips exposed to SAE. The aberrations appearing frequently were formation of multinucleated cells, sticky metaphase and anaphase with bridges, sticky telophase, disturbed polarity, etc. The results also show the induction of elongated cells, giant cells, and cells with membrane damage by extract treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the methanolic extract of N. plumbaginifolia stem. Overall, 62 compounds were reported, covering 99.61% of the entire constituents, which can be considered responsible for the allelopathic suppression of C. tora. The chief component was 4-tert-butylcalix[4]arene with the highest composition of 19.89%, followed by palmitic acid (12.25%), palmitoleic acid (8.23%), precocene 2 (7.53%), isophytyl acetate (4.01%), and betastigmasterol (3.95%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Mushtaq
- Alleopathy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Quratul Ain
- Alleopathy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - M B Siddiqui
- Alleopathy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Lan XY, Yan YY, Yang B, Li XY, Xu FL. Subcellular distribution of cadmium in a novel potential aquatic hyperaccumulator - Microsorum pteropus. Environ Pollut 2019; 248:1020-1027. [PMID: 31091634 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microsorum pteropus is a novel potential Cd (cadmium) aquatic hyperaccumulator. In the present study, hydroponic experiments were conducted to assess the accumulation and subcellular distribution of Cd in the root, stem and leaf of M. pteropus. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) - EDX (energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) were used to observe the ultrastructure of different tissues under 500 μM Cd exposure. After exposure to 500 μM Cd for 7 days, the root, stem and leaf of M. pteropus can accumulate to be > 400 mg/kg Cd in dry mass with no significant influence on the growth. In the root and leaf of M. pteropus, the Cd was more likely to store in the cell wall fraction. However, Cd in the stem was mainly stored in both the cell wall fraction and the cytoplasm fraction. Under SEM observation and EDX detection, 1) Cd was found to be sequestrated in the epidermis or chelated in the root cells, 2) no significant deposit spots were observed in the stem, 3) Cd was found in the trichome of the leaf, and the sporangium was not damaged. TEM observations revealed 1) possible Cd precipitations in the root cell and 2) no significant ultrastructure variation in the stem, and 3) the chloroplast retained its structure and was not affected by the Cd. M. pteropus showed great capacity for Cd accumulation without influencing growth. In addition, the ultrastructure of all the tissues was not damaged by the Cd. M. pteropus showed a great potential in phytoremediation in heavy metal polluted water solutions, and may provide new directions for the study of resistance mechanisms of aquatic hyperaccumulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Lan
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yun-Yun Yan
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bin Yang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Li
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fu-Liu Xu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Tavares-Silva C, Holandino C, Homsani F, Luiz RR, Prodestino J, Farah A, Lima JDP, Simas RC, Castilho CVV, Leitão SG, Maia LC, Fonseca-Gonçalves A. Homeopathic medicine of Melissa officinalis combined or not with Phytolacca decandra in the treatment of possible sleep bruxism in children: A crossover randomized triple-blinded controlled clinical trial. Phytomedicine 2019; 58:152869. [PMID: 30831467 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of homeopathic medicines of Melissa officinalis (MO), Phytolacca decandra (PD), and the combination of both in the treatment of possible sleep bruxism (SB) in children. STUDY DESIGN Patients (n = 52) (6.62 ± 1.79 years old) were selected based on the parents report of SB. The study comprised a crossover design that included 4 phases of 30-day treatment (Placebo; MO 12c; PD 12c; and MO 12c + PD 12c), with a wash-out period of 15 days between treatments. METHODS At baseline and after each phase, the Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) was used as the primary outcome measure to evaluate the influence of treatments on the reduction of SB. The following additional outcome measures were used: a children's sleep diary with parent's/guardian's perceptions of their children's sleep quality, the trait of anxiety scale (TAS) to identify changes in children's anxiety profile, and side effects reports. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures followed by Post Hoc LSD test. RESULTS Significant reduction of SB was observed in VAS after the use of Placebo (-1.72 ± 0.29), MO (-2.36 ± 0.36), PD (-1.44 ± 0.28) and MO + PD (-2.21 ± 0.30) compared to baseline (4.91 ± 1.87). MO showed better results compared to PD (p = 0.018) and Placebo (p = 0.050), and similar result compared to MO+PD (p = 0.724). The sleep diary results and TAS results were not influenced by any of the treatments. No side effects were observed after treatments. CONCLUSION MO showed promising results in the treatment of possible sleep bruxism in children, while the association of PD did not improve MO results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Tavares-Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Carla Holandino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Fortune Homsani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Ronir Raggio Luiz
- Institute for Studies in Public Health, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Jessica Prodestino
- Institute for Studies in Public Health, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Farah
- Nutrition Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Brazil
| | - Andréa Fonseca-Gonçalves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Brazil.
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Sishi M, Muller M, de Beer D, van der Rijst M, Joubert E. Rooibos agro-processing waste as herbal tea products: optimisation of soluble solids extraction from dust and application to improve sensory profile, colour and flavonoid content of stem infusions. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:3653-3661. [PMID: 30637751 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rooibos represents 10% of the global herbal tea market. Shrinking production areas as a result of climate change necessitate the maximum conversion of plant biomass to product. The present study aimed to determine the potential of rooibos tea processing waste (i.e. fine dust and coarse stems) as potential flavour and herbal tea ingredients, respectively. RESULTS Hot water extraction of soluble solids (SS) from rooibos dust was optimised and extracts from different production batches (n = 20) were prepared. Their sensory profiles were similar, although less intense than that of infusions of commercial rooibos (n = 20) when diluted to the same SS content. The turbidity and flavonoid content of the diluted extracts was mostly lower (P < 0.05) than that of commercial rooibos. An atypical and negative aroma attribute, 'planky/pencil shavings', was predominant in the stem infusions (n = 20), which contained less SS (P < 0.05) than commercial rooibos. Blends of stem infusion and extract could not effectively mask this negative aroma note (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Rooibos dust could be used to produce a rooibos flavour extract, whereas the prominent atypical, negative 'planky/pencil shavings' aroma note of the stems would limit their inclusion in commercial rooibos blends. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzimase Sishi
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Magdalena Muller
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Dalene de Beer
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Marieta van der Rijst
- Biometry Unit, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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233
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Yu H, Zeng R, Lin Y, Li X, Tasneem S, Yang Z, Qiu YX, Li B, Wang YH, Cai X, Wang W. Kadsura heteroclita stem suppresses the onset and progression of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Phytomedicine 2019; 58:152876. [PMID: 30851579 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune diseased state, characterized by hyperplasia of the synovial membrane, degradation of cartilage, and bone erosion of diarthrodial joints. Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb) Craib (Schizandraceae), a traditional Tujia ethnomedicine called Xue Tong in China, has been long used for the prevention and treatment of rheumatic and arthritic diseases, especially in the southern China. This study aimed to evaluate anti-arthritic effects of the ethanol extract of Kadsura heteroclita stems (KHS) on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats, as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms of anti-arthritis. METHODS AIA was established in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats as described previously, and animals were daily treated by gavage with KHS ethanol extract (200, 400, or 800 mg/kg) or vehicle (0.3% CMCNa) throughout the 30-day experiment. The incidence and severity of arthritis were evaluated using clinical parameters. At the end of experiments, tissue swelling and bone destruction of the hind paws were assessed by computed tomography (CT) and histopathological analyses. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-17A and IL-17F were measured by ELISA, and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1), MMP-3 and tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 (TIMP-1) were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Treatment with KHS dose-dependently inhibited paw swelling and reduced arthritis scores of AIA rats. CT images displayed that KHS remarkably protected AIA rats from tissue swelling and bone erosion of joints. Histopathological analyses revealed that KHS markedly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, synovial proliferation, and the formation of pannus in the ankle joints of AIA rats. KHS was found to significantly suppress the production of TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-17A and IL-17F, inhibited the protein expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3, and elevated the protein expressions of TIMP-1. CONCLUSION KHS demonstrates potential anti-arthritic effects via inhibiting pivotal mediators of inflammation and cartilage destruction. This study strongly supports identification and isolation of active fractions of KHS which would be a potential candidate for further investigation as a new anti-arthritic botanical drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanghe Yu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, and Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China; Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Rong Zeng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, and Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Ye Lin
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Shumaila Tasneem
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, and Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Yi-Xing Qiu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, and Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, and Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Yu-Hong Wang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China
| | - Xiong Cai
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China.
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, and Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, PR China.
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234
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Heiling JM, Cook D, Lee ST, Irwin RE. Pollen and vegetative secondary chemistry of three pollen-rewarding lupines. Am J Bot 2019; 106:643-655. [PMID: 31046151 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Optimal defense theory predicts that selection should drive plants to disproportionally allocate resources for herbivore defense to tissues with high fitness values. Because pollen's primary role is the transport of gametes, plants may be expected to defend it from herbivory. However, for many animal-pollinated plants, pollen serves a secondary role as a pollinator reward. These dual roles may present a conflict between selection to defend pollen from herbivores and selection to reward pollinators. Here, we investigate whether pollen secondary chemistry in three pollen-rewarding Lupinus species better reflects the need to defend pollen or reward pollinators. METHODS Lupinus (Fabaceae) species are nectarless, pollen-rewarding, and produce defensive quinolizidine and/or piperidine alkaloids throughout their tissues. We used gas chromatography to identify and quantitate the alkaloids in four aboveground tissues (pollen, flower, leaf, stem) of three western North American lupines, L. argenteus, L. bakeri, and L. sulphureus, and compared alkaloid concentrations and composition among tissues within individuals. RESULTS In L. argenteus and L. sulphureus, pollen alkaloid concentrations were 11-35% of those found in other tissues. We detected no alkaloids in L. bakeri pollen, though they were present in other tissues. Alkaloid concentrations were not strongly correlated among tissues within individuals. We detected fewer alkaloids in pollen compared to other tissues, and pollen contained no unique alkaloids. CONCLUSIONS Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that, in these pollen-rewarding species, pollen secondary chemistry may reflect the need to attract and reward pollinators more than the need to defend pollen from herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Heiling
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gothic, CO, USA
| | - Daniel Cook
- USDA ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Stephen T Lee
- USDA ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Rebecca E Irwin
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gothic, CO, USA
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235
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Li L, Wang R, Jiang Z, Li W, Liu G, Chen C. Anaerobic digestion of tobacco stalk: biomethane production performance and kinetic analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:14250-14258. [PMID: 30864037 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco stalk, a common agricultural waste derived from the harvest of tobacco, caused serious environmental pollution in China. In this study, the performance of biomethane production and characteristics of four varieties of tobacco stalk were investigated for the first time. The results showed that the highest cumulative methane yield of 130.2 mL/g-VS was obtained from Nicotiana tabacum L., Yunyan114, which had lower lignin content than other varieties of tobacco stalk. Moreover, different kinetic models were used to describe the biomethane production process, and it was found that the modified Gompertz model was more suitable to simulate the anaerobic digestion (AD) of tobacco stalk. The findings of this study not only showed a feasible method for minimizing the pollution issues of tobacco stalk waste but also gave fundamental information for future AD application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 505A Zonghe Building, 15 North 3rd Ring East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ruolin Wang
- School of International Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhenlai Jiang
- School of International Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wanwu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 505A Zonghe Building, 15 North 3rd Ring East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guangqing Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 505A Zonghe Building, 15 North 3rd Ring East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chang Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 505A Zonghe Building, 15 North 3rd Ring East Road, Beijing, 100029, China.
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236
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Younus M, Hasan MM, Rehman MS, Abbas K, Sarwar G. Report: Pharmacognostic and physicochemical screening of Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:1111-1119. [PMID: 31278728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham. (Euphorbiaceae) is commonly known as Indian Spurge Tree in English, and "Saj Thor" or "Jhanami booti" in local language. The plant is used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases like inflammation, fever, worm infection, asthma, cough, wounds and diabetes. In current study fresh as well as dried aerial parts of the plant and cut sections were examined, both macroscopically and microscopically. The study also deals with fluorescence analysis and phytochemical characteristics and other WHO recommended methods for standardization. WHO guidelines on quality control for medicinal plants materials were used for pharmacognostical evaluation of E. nivulia, phytochemical screening helps in determining the predominant classes of active constituents responsible for the activity. The present work will be helpful in identification of the fresh and dried samples of aerial parts pharmacognostically and anatomically. These studies will serve as a reference for correct identification and may be helpful in checking any type of adulteration. These observations will also help in differentiating this species from closely related species of the same genus and family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Younus
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Khizer Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Baha ud Din Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Sarwar
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Zhou L, Zhao MX, Wang S, Kang CZ, Huang LQ, Guo LP. [Distribution and accumulation of inorganic elements in Ligusticum chuanxiong]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:1793-1798. [PMID: 31342704 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190426.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at the phenomenon of heavy metal Cd exceeding the standard of Chuanxiong medicinal materials,the accumulation of 12 inorganic elements,including heavy metals,in Ligusticum chuanxiong was studied in this paper. It was found that the contents and distribution of most inorganic elements in the stems and leaves of L. chuanxiong were higher than those in the rhizomes at seedling and shooting stages. The content of most elements in rhizome reached the highest at harvest stage,and the distribution ratio of some elements in rhizome was higher than that in stem and leaf at harvest stage. But rhizome,stem and leaf of L. chuanxiong have relatively stable absorption capacity and enrichment effect on different elements,and are less affected by growth period and position. Rhizomes and stems and leaves of L. chuanxiong were enriched with Cd,and stems and leaves also accumulated Pb at seedling stage and stem stage. The absorption capacity of Pb in stems and leaves of L. chuanxiong was higher than that of rhizomes,and the ability of absorbing Cd was less than that of rhizomes at harvest time. The total uptake of Cd and Pb by L. chuanxiong decreased with the prolongation of growth time,but the proportion of Cd and Pb in rhizome increased,so that the content of Cd and Pb increased with the prolongation of growth time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700,China
| | - Man-Xi Zhao
- KangHong Pharmaceutical Group Chengdu 610036,China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700,China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Kang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700,China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700,China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700,China
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Souilem F, Dias MI, Barros L, Calhelha RC, Alves MJ, Harzallah-Skhiri F, Ferreira ICFR. Phenolic Profile and Bioactive Properties of Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC.: An In Vitro Comparative Study between Leaves, Stems, and Flowers. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091696. [PMID: 31052298 PMCID: PMC6539727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to characterize leaves, stems, and flowers of Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC., by performing an analysis of the phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS, correlating them with bioactive properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities. Thirty polyphenols were identified in the hydroethanolic extract, including phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols, and flavonol glycosides derivatives (which presented the highest number of identified compounds). However, flavan-3-ols showed the highest concentration in stems (mainly owing to the presence of dimers, trimmers, and tetramers of type B (epi)catechin). Leaves were distinguished by their high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as their bactericidal effect against E. coli, while stems presented a higher cytotoxic activity and bactericidal effect against Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, a high correlation between the studied bioactivities and the presence of phenolic compounds was also verified. The obtained results bring added value to the studied plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedia Souilem
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
- Laboratoire de Recherche "Bioressources": Biologie Intégrative & Valorisation (BIOLIVAL) LR14ES06, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74,5000, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo C Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Maria José Alves
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Fethia Harzallah-Skhiri
- Laboratoire de Recherche "Bioressources": Biologie Intégrative & Valorisation (BIOLIVAL) LR14ES06, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74,5000, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Shehu A, Magaji MG, Yau J, Ahmed A. Methanol stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like behavior: Involvement of the HPA axis, BDNF, and stress biomarkers pathways. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:jbcpp-2018-0153. [PMID: 31017871 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae) is used locally in the management of depressive illnesses, and its antidepressant-like effect has been previously reported. The present study was aimed at determining the effect of the methanol extract of the stem bark of A. digitata (MEAD) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and the possible mechanism responsible for its antidepressant activity. Methods Acute toxicity of MEAD was determined using the OECD guideline 420. The CUMS model was used to induce depression, and behavioral tests such as sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), novel-object recognition test (NORT), and tail suspension test (TST) were carried out in mice. The concentrations of plasma cortisol and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein in the brain were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed using colorimetric methods. Results The LD50 was established to be ≥5000 mg/kg. On CUMS-induced depression, MEAD significantly (p ≤ 0.05) and dose dependently reversed the weight loss, increased the line-crossing activity in OFT, increased sucrose consumption in SPT, decreased the duration of immobility in TST, and increased the novelty exploration time in NORT. The MEAD extract significantly (p ≤ 0.05) and dose dependently increased the levels of BDNF, decreased the levels of plasma cortisol, increased the levels of total SOD activity, and decreased the levels of plasma MDA. Conclusion Our findings show that MEAD ameliorates CUMS-induced depressive-like behavior and its effect is possibly mediated via the neuroendocrine, neurotrophic, and oxidative stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishatu Shehu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1045, Zaria, Nigeria, Phone: + 234 803 6028298
| | - Mohammed Garba Magaji
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Jamilu Yau
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Michel P, Granica S, Magiera A, Rosińska K, Jurek M, Poraj Ł, Olszewska MA. Salicylate and Procyanidin-Rich Stem Extracts of Gaultheria procumbens L. Inhibit Pro-Inflammatory Enzymes and Suppress Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Oxidant Functions of Human Neutrophils Ex Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071753. [PMID: 30970662 PMCID: PMC6479601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylate-rich plants are an attractive alternative to synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs due to a better safety profile and the advantage of complementary anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the co-occurring non-salicylate phytochemicals. Here, the phytochemical value and biological effects in vitro and ex vivo of the stems of one of such plants, Gaultheria procumbens L., were evaluated. The best extrahent for effective recovery of the active stem molecules was established in comparative studies of five extracts. The UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS3, HPLC-PDA, and UV-photometric assays revealed that the selected acetone extract (AE) accumulates a rich polyphenolic fraction (35 identified constituents; total content 427.2 mg/g dw), mainly flavanols (catechins and proanthocyanidins; 201.3 mg/g dw) and methyl salicylate glycosides (199.9 mg/g dw). The extract and its model components were effective cyclooxygenase-2, lipoxygenase, and hyaluronidase inhibitors; exhibited strong antioxidant capacity in six non-cellular in vitro models (AE and procyanidins); and also significantly and dose-dependently reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the release of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α) and proteinases (elastase-2, metalloproteinase-9) in human neutrophils stimulated ex vivo by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP). The cellular safety of AE was demonstrated by flow cytometry. The results support the application of the plant in traditional medicine and encourage the use of AE for development of new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Michel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Warsaw Medical University, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Magiera
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Karolina Rosińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Jurek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Poraj
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Monika Anna Olszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
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241
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Ma B, Rodriguez RD, Bogatova E, Ruban A, Turanov S, Valiev D, Sheremet E. Non-invasive monitoring of red beet development. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 212:155-159. [PMID: 30634132 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural monitoring is required to enhance crop production, control plant stress, and predict pests and crop infection. Apart from monitoring the external influences, the state of the plant itself must be tracked. However, the modern methods for plant analysis are expensive and require plants processing often in a destructive way. Optical spectroscopy can be used for the non-invasive monitoring requiring no consumables, and little to none sample preparation. In this context, we found that the red beet growth can be monitored by Raman spectroscopy. Our analysis shows that, as plants age, the rate of betalain content increases. This increase makes betalain dominate the whole Raman spectra over other plant components. The dominance of betalain facilitates its use as a molecular marker for plant growth. This finding has implications in the understanding of plant physiology, particularly important for greenhouse growth and the optimization of external conditions such as artificial illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ma
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Raul D Rodriguez
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034 Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Elena Bogatova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexey Ruban
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Turanov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Damir Valiev
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
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Le THX, Mosley L, Marschner P. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater by sand with wheat straw. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:11212-11223. [PMID: 30796661 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wheat straw amendment to sandy soil has the potential to remove nutrients from wastewater. This study investigated the ability of wheat straw to remove inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from wastewater when mixed into sand at different rates. Wastewater from a sewage treatment plant was added to sand alone and amended with different wheat straw rates 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 g wheat straw kg-1 so that the sand was covered with about 15 cm of wastewater. Leaching was carried out after 4, 8, and 16 days and inorganic N and P were analysed after leaching in both the leachate and sand, as well as N2O and CO2 release. In the amended sand, nitrate was about fourfold lower throughout the experiment compared to sand alone. Ammonium was twofold higher than sand alone at 12.5 g straw kg-1 throughout the experiment and on day 16 also at ≥ 5 g straw kg-1. Leachate inorganic N concentration was up to 70-fold higher in sand alone than in amended soils irrespective of straw rate. On day 16, P leaching was about threefold lower and P retention was 40% higher in all amended treatments than sand alone. The redox potential in sand alone was higher than with straw amendments. With straw amendment, the release of CO2 per day was six times higher than with sand alone and increased with straw rates, but very little N2O and CH4 was released throughout the experiment. It can be concluded that amendment of sand with wheat straw can remove large proportions of inorganic N and P from wastewater, even at low straw rates. Likely mechanisms for retention are dissimilatory nitrate reduction and subsequent binding of ammonium to straw for N, and binding to the straw and microbial uptake for P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Huong Xuan Le
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Luke Mosley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Petra Marschner
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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243
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Sreedevi P, Jayachandran LE, Rao PS. Kinetic modeling of high-pressure induced inactivation of polyphenol oxidase in sugarcane juice (Saccharum officinarum). J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:2365-2374. [PMID: 30353562 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is the main enzyme in sugarcane juice associated with rapid browning and degradation of organoleptic properties. High-pressure processing (HPP) (300-600 MPa) of sugarcane juice in combination with moderate temperatures (30-60 °C) for different processing times (10-25 min) has shown promising results in minimizing PPO activity while preserving the juice's freshness. RESULTS A maximum PPO inactivation of 98% was achieved at 600 MPa/60 °C/25 min, while the corresponding value for thermal treatment at 0.1 MPa/60 °C was only 66%. The nonlinearity in the inactivation data was well described by the Weibull distribution model with a high adjusted R2 and reduced χ2 values at all levels of pressure and temperature. The PPO inactivation data were fitted at shape parameter, β = 1 (log linear) and β ≠ 1. A refitted Weibull model was used to predict kinetic parameters such as the inactivation rate constants (k), activation energy (Ea ) and activation volume (Va ), which govern PPO inactivation in HPP-treated sugarcane juice. A secondary kinetic model was formulated to predict the k values as a function of pressure (P) and temperature (T), incorporating Ea and Va . CONCLUSIONS Combined high-pressure and temperature processing has been considered a reliable alternative to conventional heat treatment for inhibiting PPO activity in sugarcane juice. While the isothermal inactivation of PPO followed first-order kinetics, inclusion of high pressure resulted in a strong deviation from log linear kinetics. Identification of suitable kinetic models describing these inactivation processes is expected to aid product development and process control of high-pressure processed sugarcane juice. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandraju Sreedevi
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Lakshmi E Jayachandran
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Pavuluri Srinivasa Rao
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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Wang D, Xue MY, Wang YK, Zhou DZ, Tang L, Cao SY, Wei YH, Yang C, Liang DL. Effects of straw amendment on selenium aging in soils: Mechanism and influential factors. Sci Total Environ 2019; 657:871-881. [PMID: 30677952 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) alters heavy metal availability, but whether straw amendment can manipulate soil selenium (Se) speciation and availability through DOM mineralization remains unclear. In this study, allochthonous maize straw and selenate were incubated together in four different soils for 1 y. The transformation and availability of DOM associated Se (DOM-Se) was investigated during aging. Results indicated that soil solution and soil particle surfaces were dominated by hexavalent hydrophilic acid-bound Se (Hy-Se). The amount of fulvic acid bound Se in soil solution (SOL-FA-Se) was higher than humic acid bound Se in soil solution (SOL-HA-Se), except in krasnozems, and mainly existed as hexavalent Se (Se(VI)). Tetravalent Se (Se(IV)) was the main valence state of FA-Se adsorbed on soil particle surfaces (EX-FA-Se) after 5 w of aging. The proportion of soil-available Se (SOL + EX-Se) decreased with increasing straw rate. However, under an application rate of 7500 kg·hm-2, soluble Se fraction (SOL-Se) reduction was minimal in acidic soils (18.7%-34.7%), and the organic bound Se fraction (OM-Se) was maximally promoted in alkaline soils (18.2%-39.1%). FA and HON could enhance the availability of Se in the soil solution and on particle surfaces of acidic soil with high organic matter content. While Se incorporation with HA could accelerate the fixation of Se into the solid phase of soil. Three mechanisms were involved in DOM-Se aging: (1) Reduction, ligand adsorption, and inner/outer-sphere complexation associated with the functional groups of straw-derived DOM, including hydroxyls, carboxyl, methyl, and aromatic phenolic compounds; (2) interconnection of EX-FA-Se between non-residual and residual Se pools; and (3) promotion by soil electrical conductivity (EC), clay, OM, and straw application. The dual effect of DOM on Se aging was highly reliant on the characteristics of the materials and soil properties. In conclusion, straw amendment could return selenium in soil and reduce soluble Se loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ming-Yue Xue
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ying-Kun Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - De-Zhi Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Li Tang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sheng-Yan Cao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu-Hong Wei
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dong-Li Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Siwe-Noundou X, Musyoka TM, Moses V, Ndinteh DT, Mnkandhla D, Hoppe H, Tastan Bishop Ö, Krause RWM. Anti-HIV-1 integrase potency of methylgallate from Alchornea cordifolia using in vitro and in silico approaches. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4718. [PMID: 30886338 PMCID: PMC6423119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the 2018 report of the United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), remains a significant public health problem. The non-existence of a cure or effective vaccine for the disease and the associated emergence of resistant viral strains imply an urgent need for the discovery of novel anti-HIV drug candidates. The current study aimed to identify potential anti-retroviral compounds from Alchornea cordifolia. Bioactive compounds were identified using several chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and subsequently evaluated for cytotoxicity and anti-HIV properties. Molecular modelling studies against HIV-1 integrase (HIV-1 IN) were performed to decipher the mode of action of methylgallate, the most potent compound (IC50 = 3.7 nM) and its analogues from ZINC database. Cytotoxicity assays showed that neither the isolated compounds nor the crude methanolic extract displayed cytotoxicity effects on the HeLa cell line. A strong correlation between the in vitro and in silico results was observed and important HIV-1 IN residues interacting with the different compounds were identified. These current results indicate that methylgallate is the main anti-HIV-1 compound in A. cordifolia stem bark, and could be a potential platform for the development of new HIV-1 IN inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Siwe-Noundou
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
| | - Thommas M Musyoka
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Vuyani Moses
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Derek T Ndinteh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Dumisani Mnkandhla
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Heinrich Hoppe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Özlem Tastan Bishop
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
| | - Rui W M Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
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Wang D, Cai J, Zhao F, Liu J. Low-quality rice straw forage increases the permeability of mammary epithelial tight junctions in lactating dairy cows. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:2037-2041. [PMID: 30142692 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that milking frequency and plasma hormones play important roles in regulating mammary permeability. However, it is still not known whether nutritional factors can influence udder permeability. DESIGN This study was conducted to investigate mammary epithelial tight-junction permeability in lactating dairy cows fed different forage-based diets. Twenty mid-lactating dairy cows were allocated to ten blocks based on their parity and milk yield and then randomly assigned into rice straw-based diet and alfalfa-based diet groups. Both diets contained 15% corn silage and 55% concentrate (dry matter basis). In terms of forage sources, rice straw-based diets (RS) contained 30% rice straw, whereas alfalfa-based diets (AH) contained 23% alfalfa hay plus 7% Chinese wild rye hay. RESULTS The concentrations of Na+ , Na+ /K+ ratio, bovine serum albumin, and plasmin in the milk, the plasma lactose concentration, and the mRNA abundance of BCL2 associated agonist of cell death, phosphatase and tensin homolog, and insulin like growth factor binding protein 5 in the mammary gland were greater in RS-fed cows than in AH-fed animals. Mammary expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and occludin was lower in RS-fed cows compared with the AH-fed group. The expressions of growth hormone receptor, claudin-1, -3, -4, and ZO-1 were similar in the two diet groups. CONCLUSION The cows fed RS showed higher mammary alveolar permeability, likely due to its effect on proliferation/apoptosis rates of mammary epithelial cells. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diming Wang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie Cai
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jianxin Liu
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Bergs M, Völkering G, Kraska T, Pude R, Do XT, Kusch P, Monakhova Y, Konow C, Schulze M. Miscanthus x giganteus Stem Versus Leaf-Derived Lignins Differing in Monolignol Ratio and Linkage. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1200. [PMID: 30857288 PMCID: PMC6429407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a renewable, Miscanthus offers numerous advantages such as high photosynthesis activity (as a C₄ plant) and an exceptional CO₂ fixation rate. These properties make Miscanthus very attractive for industrial exploitation, such as lignin generation. In this paper, we present a systematic study analyzing the correlation of the lignin structure with the Miscanthus genotype and plant portion (stem versus leaf). Specifically, the ratio of the three monolignols and corresponding building blocks as well as the linkages formed between the units have been studied. The lignin amount has been determined for M. x giganteus (Gig17, Gig34, Gig35), M. nagara (NagG10), M. sinensis (Sin2), and M. robustus (Rob4) harvested at different time points (September, December, and April). The influence of the Miscanthus genotype and plant component (leaf vs. stem) has been studied to develop corresponding structure-property relationships (i.e., correlations in molecular weight, polydispersity, and decomposition temperature). Lignin isolation was performed using non-catalyzed organosolv pulping and the structure analysis includes compositional analysis, Fourier transform infradred (FTIR), ultraviolet/visible (UV-Vis), hetero-nuclear single quantum correlation nuclear magnetic resonsnce (HSQC-NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and pyrolysis gaschromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Structural differences were found for stem and leaf-derived lignins. Compared to beech wood lignins, Miscanthus lignins possess lower molecular weight and narrow polydispersities (<1.5 Miscanthus vs. >2.5 beech) corresponding to improved homogeneity. In addition to conventional univariate analysis of FTIR spectra, multivariate chemometrics revealed distinct differences for aromatic in-plane deformations of stem versus leaf-derived lignins. These results emphasize the potential of Miscanthus as a low-input resource and a Miscanthus-derived lignin as promising agricultural feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bergs
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 2, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Georg Völkering
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 2, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Kraska
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Campus Klein-Altendorf 1, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Ralf Pude
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 2, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Campus Klein-Altendorf 1, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Xuan Tung Do
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Peter Kusch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Yulia Monakhova
- Spectral Service AG, Emil-Hoffmann-Strasse 33, D-50996 Köln, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Christopher Konow
- Department of Chemistry, MS 015, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
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248
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Barba J, Poyatos R, Vargas R. Automated measurements of greenhouse gases fluxes from tree stems and soils: magnitudes, patterns and drivers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4005. [PMID: 30850622 PMCID: PMC6408546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree stems exchange CO2, CH4 and N2O with the atmosphere but the magnitudes, patterns and drivers of these greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes remain poorly understood. Our understanding mainly comes from static-manual measurements, which provide limited information on the temporal variability and magnitude of these fluxes. We measured hourly CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes at two stem heights and adjacent soils within an upland temperate forest. We analyzed diurnal and seasonal variability of fluxes and biophysical drivers (i.e., temperature, soil moisture, sap flux). Tree stems were a net source of CO2 (3.80 ± 0.18 µmol m-2 s-1; mean ± 95% CI) and CH4 (0.37 ± 0.18 nmol m-2 s-1), but a sink for N2O (-0.016 ± 0.008 nmol m-2 s-1). Time series analysis showed diurnal temporal correlations between these gases with temperature or sap flux for certain days. CO2 and CH4 showed a clear seasonal pattern explained by temperature, soil water content and sap flux. Relationships between stem, soil fluxes and their drivers suggest that CH4 for stem emissions could be partially produced belowground. High-frequency measurements demonstrate that: a) tree stems exchange GHGs with the atmosphere at multiple time scales; and b) are needed to better estimate fluxes magnitudes and understand underlying mechanisms of GHG stem emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Barba
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, USA
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, USA.
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Minh TN, Xuan TD, Tran HD, Van TM, Andriana Y, Khanh TD, Quan NV, Ahmad A. Isolation and Purification of Bioactive Compounds from the Stem Bark of Jatropha podagrica. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050889. [PMID: 30832436 PMCID: PMC6429288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the successive isolation and purification of bioactive compounds from the stem bark of Jatropha podagrica, a widely known medicinal plant. The ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays (IC50 = 46.7, 66.0, and 492.6, respectively). By column chromatography (CC) with elution of hexane and ethyl acetate at 8:2, 7:3, and 6:4 ratios, the isolation of this active extract yielded five fractions (C1–C5). Chemical structures of the constituents included in C1–C5 were elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and resolved as methyl gallate (C1, C2, C3, C4), gallic acid (C1, C2), fraxetin (C2, C3, C4, C5), and tomentin (C3). Mixture C2 (IC50 DPPH and ABTS = 2.5 µg/mL) and C3 (IC50 FRAP = 381 µg/mL) showed the highest antioxidant properties. Among the isolated fractions, C4 was the most potential agent in growth inhibition of six bacterial strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes,Bacillus subtilis, and Proteus mirabilis (MIC = 5, 20, 30, 20, 25, and 20 mg/mL, respectively). All identified constituents exerted an inhibitory activity on the growth of Lactuca sativa, of which the mixture C3 performed the maximal inhibition on shoot (IC50 = 49.4 µg/mL) and root (IC50 = 47.1 µg/mL) growth. Findings of this study suggest that gallic acid, methyl gallate, fraxetin, and tomentin isolated from J. podagrica possessed antioxidant, antibacterial, and growth inhibitory potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong Ngoc Minh
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Hoang-Dung Tran
- Department of Biotechnology, NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen-Tat-Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen-Tat-Thanh Street, District 04, Ho chi Minh City 72820, Vietnam.
| | - Truong Mai Van
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Yusuf Andriana
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Tran Dang Khanh
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Hanoi City 123000, Vietnam.
- Center for Expert, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Van Quan
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Ateeque Ahmad
- Chemical Engineering, CSIR, CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226016, India.
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He L, Zhang S, Luo C, Sun Y, Lu Q, Huang L, Chen F, Tang L. Functional Teas from the Stems of Penthorum chinense Pursh.: Phenolic Constituents, Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2019; 74:83-90. [PMID: 30552560 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Penthorum chinense Pursh (PCP), a medicinal and edible plant, is traditionally used for liver protection and treatment of liver diseases. In this study, we compared the differences of composition and activity of flowers, stems and leaves of PCP to select a bioactive part. The stems of PCP with stronger antioxidant activity (6.25-100 μg/mL) and lower cytotoxicity (25-200 μg/mL) than the flowers and leaves were a better bioactive part. Then the chemical composition and hepatoprotective effects of an aqueous extract and an 70% ethanolic extract made with stems of PCP were investigated. We found that the 70% ethanolic extract enriched more polyphenols and flavonoids and possessed significantly stronger hepatoprotective activity than the aqueous extract in the dose range of 25-200 μg/mL, which indicated that 70% ethanol is the better solvent of PCP in extraction technology. Moreover, ethyl acetate extract of stems of PCP (PSE) was used to evaluate the hepatoprotective ability of PCP against oxidative damage using an in vitro model of a normal rat's liver cell (BRL-3A). Besides, 12 phenolic compounds were identified from PSE by ultra-performance liquid chromatography followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS). Obtained results strongly support the traditional use of PCP and prove stems of PCP to be an important source of bioactive compounds associated with hepatoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaomei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiran Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuxia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, China.
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