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Ma L, Liang Z, Zhou H, Qu L. Applications of RNA Indexes for Precision Oncology in Breast Cancer. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 2018; 16:108-119. [PMID: 29753129 PMCID: PMC6112337 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Precision oncology aims to offer the most appropriate treatments to cancer patients mainly based on their individual genetic information. Genomics has provided numerous valuable data on driver mutations and risk loci; however, it remains a formidable challenge to transform these data into therapeutic agents. Transcriptomics describes the multifarious expression patterns of both mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which facilitates the deciphering of genomic codes. In this review, we take breast cancer as an example to demonstrate the applications of these rich RNA resources in precision medicine exploration. These include the use of mRNA profiles in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtyping to inform corresponding candidate targeted therapies; current advancements and achievements of high-throughput RNA interference (RNAi) screening technologies in breast cancer; and microRNAs as functional signatures for defining cell identities and regulating the biological activities of breast cancer cells. We summarize the benefits of transcriptomic analyses in breast cancer management and propose that unscrambling the core signaling networks of cancer may be an important task of multiple-omic data integration for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zirui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lianghu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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252
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Kok VC. Hepatic metastasectomy and paclitaxel provide long-term survival for a young woman with recurrent triple-negative metastatic breast cancer: 16 years follow-up. J Cancer Res Ther 2018; 14:722-723. [PMID: 29893352 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.179087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor C Kok
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center of Kuang Tien General Hospital, Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University Taiwan, Taichung, Taiwan
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253
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Meng Q, Meng J, Ran W, Wang J, Zhai Y, Zhang P, Li Y. Light-Activated Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Spatiotemporally Specific Treatment of Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ACS Nano 2018; 12:2789-2802. [PMID: 29462553 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b09210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors are heterogeneous, with mesenchymal-like cells at their core and fast proliferating cells on the periphery. It is desirable and beneficial to treat TNBC cells of different phenotypes with the most appropriate drugs. Here, we report a 78 nm, chlorin e6-, docetaxel-, and anti-Twist siRNA-containing polymeric nanoparticle (CDTN) with spatiotemporally specific activity when irradiated by light. Under conditions mimicking superficial tumor tissue with sufficient light input, TNBC cells are mainly killed by the photodynamic therapy (PDT) function of CDTNs. In contrast, under conditions mimicking deep tumor tissue with weak light input, PDT potentiates chemotherapy (CT) and gene therapy (GT) by facilitating the endolysosomal escape of CDTNs. Compared with free drugs, CDTNs improve the intratumoral exposure of docetaxel and anti-Twist siRNA by 2.5- and 2-fold, respectively. When combined with laser irradiation applied at the time of maximal intratumoral accumulation, the CDTNs significantly inhibit the growth of primary tumors and their lung metastasis (both >80%) by killing the peripheral cells, mainly through PDT and prohibiting the growth and metastasis of deep cells through PDT as enhanced CT and GT. On the contrary, dual-modality nanomedicine lacking CT, GT, or PDT showed fast primary tumor growth, poor metastasis control, or both, respectively. This study reveals the spatiotemporally specific mechanism of CDTNs in treating metastatic TNBC and highlights the importance of combined therapy in treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshuo Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wei Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Junyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
- Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130012 , China
| | - Yihui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
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Absmaier M, Napieralski R, Schuster T, Aubele M, Walch A, Magdolen V, Dorn J, Gross E, Harbeck N, Noske A, Kiechle M, Schmitt M. PITX2 DNA-methylation predicts response to anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer patients. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:755-767. [PMID: 29328369 PMCID: PMC5807037 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) constitutes a heterogeneous breast cancer subgroup with poor prognosis; survival rates are likely to be lower with TNBC compared to other breast cancer subgroups. For this disease, systemic adjuvant chemotherapy regimens often yield suboptimal clinical results. To improve treatment regimens in TNBC, identification of molecular biomarkers may help to select patients for individualized adjuvant therapy. Evidence has accumulated that determination of the methylation status of the PITX2 gene provides a predictive value in various breast cancer subgroups, either treated with endocrine-based therapy or anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. To further explore the validity of this novel predictive candidate biomarker, in the present exploratory retrospective study, determination of the PITX2 DNA-methylation status was assessed for non-metastatic TNBC patients treated with adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy by molecular analysis of breast cancer tissues. The PITX2 DNA-methylation status was determined in fresh-frozen tumor tissue specimens (n=56) by methylation-specific qRT-PCR (qMSP) and the data related to disease-free and overall survival, applying an optimized DNA-methylation score of 6.35%. For non-metastatic TNBC patients treated with adjuvant systemic anthracycline-based chemotherapy, a low PITX2 DNA-methylation status (<6.35) defines TNBC patients with poor disease-free and overall survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrate the statistically independent predictive value of PITX2 DNA-methylation. For non-metastatic TNBC patients, selective determination of the PITX2 DNA-methylation status may serve as a cancer biomarker for predicting response to anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy. The assay based on methylation of the PIXT2 gene can be applied to frozen and routinely available formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tumor tissues that will not only define those TNBC patients who may benefit from anthracycline-based chemotherapy but also those who should be spared the necessity of such potentially toxic treatment. Such patients should be allocated to alternative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Absmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Napieralski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tibor Schuster
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Aubele
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Viktor Magdolen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Dorn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Gross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Breast Center, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Aurelia Noske
- Department of Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmitt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Yang H, Chen L, Zhou L, Liu C, Tang L, Zhang J, Fan F, Zhong Z, Shi G, Li Z. Serum Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 is a Novel Biomarker for Recurrence and Metastasis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Lab 2017; 63:53-58. [PMID: 28164487 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2016.160524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of serum human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) for recurrence and metastasis in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS A total of 200 patients with benign breast tumors and 300 patients with breast cancer treated in the Department of Breast Surgery, Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo City (China) between December 2006 and December 2013 were enrolled. Another 500 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals served as controls. The serum level of HER2 was determined using suspension array technology. Patients with breast cancer were further divided into ER-/PR-/HER2- and ER-/PR-/HER2+ groups and followed up for 5 years to analyze the serum concentration of HER2. RESULTS The serum HER2 concentration was significantly higher in patients with breast cancer than in healthy controls or patients with benign tumors (both p < 0.01). The serum HER2 concentration also was significantly higher in patients with TNBC than in healthy controls (p < 0.01). The serum concentration of HER2 was significantly higher in TNBC patients who experienced recurrence and metastasis than in TNBC patients who did not experience recurrence and metastasis (both p < 0.01). Notably, the serum HER2 concentration in TNBC patients who experienced recurrence and metastasis was increased to a level statistically similar to that in patients with HER2+ breast cancer (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with TNBC still have an increased serum HER2 concentration, and serum HER2 may be a valuable, novel biomarker for recurrence and metastasis in TNBC.
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256
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Babyshkina N, Zavyalova M, Tarabanovskaya N, Dronova T, Krakhmal N, Slonimskaya E, Kzhyshkowska J, Choynzonov E, Cherdyntseva N. Predictive value of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 in triple-negative breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 444:197-206. [PMID: 29230610 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The identification of informative biomarkers that could predict the treatment response is particularly important in the triple-negative (TN) breast cancer, which is characterized by biological diversity. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR2) expression and its gene polymorphisms on pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in Russian patients with TN breast cancer. We performed a retrospective analysis of 70 women with operable TN breast cancer, who underwent NCT with 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) or cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and capecitabine (CAX) between 2007 and 2013. VEGFR2 expression was evaluated before NCT by immunohistochemistry. TaqMan SNP assays were used for genotyping KDR - 604T>C (rs2071559) and KDR 1192G>A (rs2305948) polymorphisms. The pCR was used as an end-point in the treatment efficacy analysis. In the univariate analysis, the pCR rate was strongly associated with young age (P = 0.004), high Ki67 expression (P = 0.012), lymph node negativity (P = 0.023) as well as with positive VEGFR2 expression (P = 0.019) and the CAX regimen (P = 0.005). In the multivariate analysis, only patient's age (P = 0.005) and pre-NCT VEGFR2 expression (P = 0.048) remained significant predictors of pCR. The pCR rate was higher in the CAX-treated patients than that in the FAC-treated patients (P = 0.005). Our results revealed that - 604TT genotype of rs2071559 and age < 50 years were correlated with a pCR in the CAX-treated patients. VEGFR2 expression in pre-NCT tumors and KDR gene polymorphism can be considered as additional predictive molecular markers of pCR in Russian TN breast cancer patients treated with NCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Babyshkina
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Саncеr Research Institute", Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Kooperativny Street, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation.
- Department of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation.
| | - Marina Zavyalova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Саncеr Research Institute", Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
- Department of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
- Department of General Oncology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Tarabanovskaya
- Department of General Oncology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Cаncеr Research Institute", Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Dronova
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Саncеr Research Institute", Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Kooperativny Street, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
- Department of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Nadejda Krakhmal
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Саncеr Research Institute", Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
- Department of General Oncology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Slonimskaya
- Department of General Oncology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Cаncеr Research Institute", Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
- Department of General Oncology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Department of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Evgeny Choynzonov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Саncеr Research Institute", Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Nadejda Cherdyntseva
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Саncеr Research Institute", Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Kooperativny Street, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
- Department of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
- Department of General Oncology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
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257
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Liu W, Fu X, Yang Z, Li S, Cao Y, Li Q, Luan J. Moderate intermittent negative pressure increases invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells. Breast 2017; 38:14-21. [PMID: 29182982 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effect moderate intermittent negative pressure breast reconstructive model exerts on human triple negative breast cancer cell (TNBC) invasion and explore the related mechanism. METHODS The human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 was used. Cells in external volume expansion (EVE) group were exposed to an intermittent -25 mmHg for 12 h; the pressure for non-EVE group was constantly 0 mmHg. In vivo, MDA-MB-231 cell suspensions were injected subcutaneously into dorsal skin of nude mice (n = 27 mice/group). Tumors on mice in EVE group received -25 mmHg suction 3 h/day; while mice in non-EVE group were under normal pressure. Cell invasion assay, ELISA, RT-PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis between the two groups in both vitro and vivo experiments. RESULTS MDA-MB-231 cells in the EVE group were more invasive and had higher expressions of IL-8 (30.02 ± 10.44 pg/ml vs. 18.82 ± 9.26 pg/ml, P < 0.05) and TNF-α (20.59 ± 4.72 pg/ml vs. 14.10 ± 3.36 pg/ml, P < 0.05) than the non-EVE group. Grafted MDA-MB-231 tumors in EVE group showed a more obvious epithelial-mesenchymal transition at 2 week and better angiogenesis at 2 and 4 week, respectively. CONCLUSION Moderate intermittent negative pressure induces MDA-MB-231 cells to be more invasive. Future studies should figure out other effects this intervention may bring. Clinical studies should also be conducted to further evaluate its safety and optimize the clinical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Liu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Badachu Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, PR China; Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women 's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115-6195, United States
| | - Xin Fu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Badachu Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, PR China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Badachu Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, PR China
| | - Shangshan Li
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Badachu Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, PR China
| | - Yan Cao
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Badachu Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, PR China
| | - Qiuchen Li
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Badachu Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, PR China
| | - Jie Luan
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Badachu Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, PR China.
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258
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel M-Rabet
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM (Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Marseille), Équipe immunité et cancer, Université d'Aix-Marseille, UM 105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Équipe oncologie moléculaire, Université d'Aix-Marseille, UM 105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, 27, boulevard Lei Roure, 13009 Marseille, France - Département d'oncologie médicale, Université d'Aix-Marseille, UM 105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Équipe oncologie moléculaire, Université d'Aix-Marseille, UM 105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, 27, boulevard Lei Roure, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Marc Lopez
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Équipe oncologie moléculaire, Université d'Aix-Marseille, UM 105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, 27, boulevard Lei Roure, 13009 Marseille, France
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259
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Abstract
RATIONALE Breast cancer, the most common form of cancer among women, rarely metastases to the head and neck region. To date, there have been only 6 similar cases in the literature, and most patients in these reports had very poor prognosis. PATIENTS CONCERNS We report a 61-year-old female presented pain and numbness on the right side of the face 5 years after being diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer. DIAGNOSIS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a tissue mass in the sphenoid sinus. The tissue biopsy confirmed metastasis of breast cancer. INTERVENTION The patient received initial chemotherapy and radiotherapy plus 10 cycles of maintenance chemotherapy OUTCOMES:: The patient got long-term progression-free survival time. The total time to progression was 32 months. LESSONS Although breast cancer rarely metastasizes to the head and neck region, awareness should be raised when breast cancer patients experience headache or have sinus-related symptoms. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be effective to treat paranasal sinus metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer, and patients may achieve long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liduan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
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260
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Barnes SL, Sorace AG, Whisenant JG, McIntyre JO, Kang H, Yankeelov TE. DCE- and DW-MRI as early imaging biomarkers of treatment response in a preclinical model of triple negative breast cancer. NMR Biomed 2017; 30:e3799. [PMID: 28915312 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluates quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) parameters as early biomarkers of response in a preclinical model of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The standard Tofts' model of DCE-MRI returns estimates of the volume transfer constant (Ktrans ) and the extravascular extracellular volume fraction (ve ). DW-MRI returns estimates of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Mice (n = 38) were injected subcutaneously with MDA-MB-231. Tumors were grown to approximately 275 mm3 and sorted into the following groups: saline controls, low-dose Abraxane (15 mg/kg) and high-dose Abraxane (25 mg/kg). Animals were imaged at days zero, one and three. On day three, tumors were extracted for immunohistochemistry. The positive percentage change in ADC on day one was significantly higher in both treatment groups relative to the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the positive percentage change in Ktrans was significantly higher than controls (p < 0.05) on day one for the high-dose group and on days one and three for the low-dose group. The percentage change in tumor volume was significantly different between the high-dose and control groups on day three (p = 0.006). Histology confirmed differences at day three through reduced numbers of proliferating cells (Ki67 staining) in the high-dose group (p = 0.03) and low-dose group (p = 0.052) compared with the control group. Co-immunofluorescent staining of vascular maturity [using von Willebrand Factor (vWF) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)] indicated significantly higher vascular maturation in the low-dose group compared with the controls on day three (p = 0.03), and trending towards significance in the high-dose group compared with controls on day three (p = 0.052). These results from quantitative imaging with histological validation indicate that ADC and Ktrans have the potential to serve as early biomarkers of treatment response in murine studies of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Barnes
- Institute for Computational and Engineering Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer G Whisenant
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Oliver McIntyre
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas E Yankeelov
- Institute for Computational and Engineering Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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261
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Gregório AC, Lacerda M, Figueiredo P, Simões S, Dias S, Moreira JN. Therapeutic Implications of the Molecular and Immune Landscape of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 24:701-716. [PMID: 28913723 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Treatment and management of breast cancer imposes a heavy burden on public health care, and incidence rates continue to increase. Breast cancer is the most common female neoplasia and primary cause of death among women worldwide. The recognition of breast cancer as a complex and heterogeneous disease, comprising different molecular entities, was a landmark in our understanding of this malignancy. Valuing the impact of the molecular characteristics on tumor behavior enabled a better assessment of a patient's prognosis and increased the predictive power to therapeutic response and clinical outcome. Molecular heterogeneity is also prominent in the triple-negative breast cancer subtype, and is reflected by the distinct prognostic and patient's sensitivity to treatment, being chemotherapy the only systemic treatment currently available. From a therapeutic perspective, gene expression profiling of triple-negative tumors has notably contributed to the exploration of new druggable targets and brought to light the need to align these patients to the various therapies according to their triple-negative subtype. Additionally, the higher amount of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and the prevalence of an increased expression of PD-1 receptor and its ligand, PD-L1, in triple-negative tumors, created a new treatment opportunity with immune checkpoint inhibitors. This manuscript addresses the current knowledge on the molecular and immune profiles of breast cancer, and its impact on the development of targeted therapies, with a particular emphasis on the triple-negative subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Gregório
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuela Lacerda
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Figueiredo
- IPOFG-EPE - Portuguese Institute of Oncology Francisco Gentil, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Simões
- FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Dias
- IMM - Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
- FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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262
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Wang Y, Brodsky AS, Xiong J, Lopresti ML, Yang D, Resnick MB. Stromal Clusterin Expression Predicts Therapeutic Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 18:e373-e379. [PMID: 28890185 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of clusterin correlates with tumor progression and therapeutic response in several human malignancies, including breast cancer. However, its predictive value in the neoadjuvant setting in breast cancer remains unexplored. The objective of this explorative study was to determine whether clusterin expression in breast cancer correlated with clinical pathologic characteristics and whether its expression was predictive of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We determined the clusterin expression pattern in 72 triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) treated with NAC before surgery. Clusterin expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and was correlated with pathologic characteristics and response to NAC using residual cancer burden score. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a differential pattern of expression between tumor and stroma. Clusterin expression in the tumor associated stroma as opposed to expression by the neoplastic epithelium was significantly associated with neoadjuvant-treated TNBC. Low stromal clusterin, low stromal content, and high tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were associated with a significantly greater likelihood of achieving a good pathologic response as reflected by lower residual cancer burden scores (P = .002, P = .003, and P = .001, respectively). Tumor and/or stromal clusterin expression were not associated with patient age, tumor histologic grade, stage, and lymph node status. CONCULSION This study suggests a potential role for the assessment of stromal clusterin as a predictive biomarker for response of TNBC to neoadjuvant therapy. Further validation of this biomarker in a large study is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
| | - Alexander S Brodsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Jinjun Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Mary L Lopresti
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Dongfang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Murray B Resnick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
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263
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Dozie-Nwachukwu SO, Obayemi JD, Danyuo Y, Anuku N, Odusanya OS, Malatesta K, Soboyejo WO. A comparative study of the adhesion of biosynthesized gold and conjugated gold/prodigiosin nanoparticles to triple negative breast cancer cells. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2017; 28:143. [PMID: 28819929 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the adhesion of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and gold (Au) nanoparticle/prodigiosin (PG) drug nanoparticles to breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 cells). The AuNPs were synthesized in a record time (less than 30 s) from Nauclea latifolia leaf extracts, while the PG was produced via bacterial synthesis with Serratia marcescens sp. The size distributions and shapes of the resulting AuNPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while the resulting hydrodynamic diameters and polydispersity indices were studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to study the adhesion between the synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)/LHRH-conjugated AuNPs and triple negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 cells), as well as the adhesion between LHRH-conjugated AuNP/PG drug and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The adhesion forces between LHRH-conjugated AuNPs and breast cancer cells are shown to be five times greater than those between AuNPs and normal breast cells. The increase in adhesion is shown to be due to the over-expression of LHRH receptors on the surfaces of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, which was revealed by confocal immuno-fluorescence microscopy. The implications of the results are then discussed for the selective and specific targeting and treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Dozie-Nwachukwu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology (AUST) Abuja-Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Biotechnology Advanced Research Center, Sheda Science and Technology Complex (SHESTCO) P.M.B 186, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - J D Obayemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology (AUST) Abuja-Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Olden Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Y Danyuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology (AUST) Abuja-Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - N Anuku
- Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), Bowen Hall, 70 Prospect Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - O S Odusanya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology (AUST) Abuja-Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Biotechnology Advanced Research Center, Sheda Science and Technology Complex (SHESTCO) P.M.B 186, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - K Malatesta
- Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), Bowen Hall, 70 Prospect Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - W O Soboyejo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology (AUST) Abuja-Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Olden Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
- Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), Bowen Hall, 70 Prospect Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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264
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Abstract
One of the most controversial women malignancies, triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are critically overviewed here, being focused on data useful in clinical practice or to improve the therapy and patients survival. TNBCs "choose" young women and its "kiss" is, unfortunately deadly in most cases. Currently, few sparse data are available in literature concerning the origins of TNBC. Vasculogenic mimicry detected in TNBCs, seems to be determined by a population of CD133+ cells and may be stimulated by different pharmacological agents such sunitinib. Despite the fact that TNBCs do not usually metastasize through the lymphatic pathways, TNBCs may be characterized by lymphatic invasion and by an increased lymphatic microvascular density. If TNBCs treatment depends on the molecular profile of the tumor, the same statement may be postulated for TNBCs metastasis. Whether metastases have a similar phenotype as the primary tumor remains an enigma. Therefore, the question: 'Could TNBC be subject to a standardized, unanimously accepted therapeutic strategy or is it strictly subclass-dependent?' remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana-Andreea Jitariu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Anca Maria Cîmpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- National Cancer Institute “ Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
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265
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El Amarti L, Raiss H, Layachi M, Baldé S, Ettahri H, Elghissassi I, Mrabti H, Errihani H. Breast Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature. Gulf J Oncolog 2017; 1:66-69. [PMID: 28798006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare subtype of invasive breast cancer. It has a particular interest because of its excellent prognosis conversely to other triple-negative breast cancers that are associated with poor prognosis. The place of chemotherapy and radiotherapy remains controversial and there is no consensus on optimal management of the ACC of the breast. CASE REPORT A 50-year-old woman, presented with a palpable right breast lump. Core biopsy of the lump revealed an adenoid cystic carcinoma. A lumpectomy with axillary lymph node dissection was performed and completed by a mastectomy because of the positive surgical margins. The histopathological examination revealed an adenoid cystic carcinoma, with negative expression of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 HER2 and with no lymph node involvement. The patient underwent adjuvant sequential chemotherapy with anthracycline and taxane followed by radiotherapy. We discuss diagnosis, prognostic, and treatment options for ACC of the breast in light of existing literature. CONCLUSION Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast is a rare variant of triple negative breast cancer with excellent prognosis. Surgical treatment is the mainstay with no clear consensus for radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiae El Amarti
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hanan Raiss
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Layachi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Salif Baldé
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hamza Ettahri
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ibrahim Elghissassi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hind Mrabti
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hassan Errihani
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
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266
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Morry J, Ngamcherdtrakul W, Gu S, Reda M, Castro DJ, Sangvanich T, Gray JW, Yantasee W. Targeted Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer by PLK1 siRNA Delivered by an Antioxidant Nanoparticle Platform. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:763-772. [PMID: 28138033 PMCID: PMC5445934 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is developed in about 20% to 30% of newly diagnosed patients with early-stage breast cancer despite treatments. Herein, we report a novel nanoparticle platform with intrinsic antimetastatic properties for the targeted delivery of Polo-like kinase 1 siRNA (siPLK1). We first evaluated it in a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) model, which shows high metastatic potential. PLK1 was identified as the top therapeutic target for TNBC cells and tumor-initiating cells in a kinome-wide screen. The platform consists of a 50-nm mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNP) core coated layer-by-layer with bioreducible cross-linked PEI and PEG polymers, conjugated with an antibody for selective uptake into cancer cells. siRNA is loaded last and fully protected under the PEG layer from blood enzymatic degradation. The material has net neutral charge and low nonspecific cytotoxicity. We have also shown for the first time that the MSNP itself inhibited cancer migration and invasion in TNBC cells owing to its ROS- and NOX4-modulating properties. In vivo, siPLK1 nanoconstructs (six doses of 0.5 mg/kg) knocked down about 80% of human PLK1 mRNA expression in metastatic breast cancer cells residing in mouse lungs and reduced tumor incidence and burden in lungs and other organs of an experimental metastasis mouse model. Long-term treatment significantly delayed the onset of death in mice and improved the overall survival. The platform capable of simultaneously inhibiting the proliferative and metastatic hallmarks of cancer progression is unique and has great therapeutic potential to also target other metastatic cancers beyond TNBC. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 763-72. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingga Morry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Worapol Ngamcherdtrakul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shenda Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Moataz Reda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - David J Castro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Portland, Oregon
| | - Thanapon Sangvanich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joe W Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Wassana Yantasee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Portland, Oregon
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267
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Parvani JG, Jackson MW. Silencing the roadblocks to effective triple-negative breast cancer treatments by siRNA nanoparticles. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:R81-R97. [PMID: 28148541 PMCID: PMC5471497 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, RNA interference (RNAi) has been ubiquitously utilized to study biological function in vitro; however, limitations were associated with its utility in vivo More recently, small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticles with improved biocompatibility have gained prevalence as a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of various diseases. The adaptability of siRNA nanoparticles enables the delivery of virtually any siRNA, which is especially advantageous for therapeutic applications in heterogeneous diseases that lack unifying molecular features, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that is stratified by the lack of estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor expression and HER2 amplification. There are currently no FDA-approved targeted therapies for the treatment of TNBCs, making cytotoxic chemotherapy the only treatment option available to these patients. In this review, we outline the current status of siRNA nanoparticles in clinical trials for cancer treatment and discuss the promising preclinical approaches that have utilized siRNA nanoparticles for TNBC treatment. Next, we address TNBC subtype-specific therapeutic interventions and highlight where and how siRNA nanoparticles fit into these strategies. Lastly, we point out ongoing challenges in the field of siRNA nanoparticle research that, if addressed, would significantly improve the efficacy of siRNA nanoparticles as a therapeutic option for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny G Parvani
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark W Jackson
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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268
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Ni Q, Teng Z, Dang M, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Huang P, Su X, Lu N, Yang Z, Tian W, Wang S, Liu W, Tang Y, Lu G, Zhang L. Gold nanorod embedded large-pore mesoporous organosilica nanospheres for gene and photothermal cooperative therapy of triple negative breast cancer. Nanoscale 2017; 9:1466-1474. [PMID: 28066849 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07598c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To date, clinicians still lack an effective strategy to treat triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this work, we design for the first time a gold nanorod embedded large-pore mesoporous organosilica (GNR@LPMO) nanoplatform for gene and photothermal cooperative therapy of TNBC. The synthesized GNR@LPMOs possess a uniform size (175 nm), high surface area (631 m2 g-1), large pore size, excellent photothermal efficiency, and good biocompatibility. Thanks to the large-pore mesoporous organosilica layer, the GNR@LPMO nanoplatforms display much higher loading capacity of siRNA compared with traditional liposome and bare gold nanorods. Thus, functional siRNA can be efficiently delivered into TNBC cells by GNR@LPMOs, causing much higher cell apoptosis through knocking down the PLK1 proteins. By combining the effective gene delivery and photothermal abilities, the GNR@LPMO nanoplatforms are further used for gene and photothermal cooperative therapy of TNBC, which induce a 15 fold higher mice tumor inhibition rate than sole therapy modality, indicating the potential clinical use of this novel nanoplatform in treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ni
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nangjing 210002, Jiangsu, P.R. China. and Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Zhaogang Teng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nangjing 210002, Jiangsu, P.R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Meng Dang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nangjing 210002, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nangjing 210002, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Peng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Su
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Nan Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nangjing 210002, Jiangsu, P.R. China. and Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Zhenlu Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nangjing 210002, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nangjing 210002, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Shouju Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nangjing 210002, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nangjing 210002, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Yuxia Tang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nangjing 210002, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nangjing 210002, Jiangsu, P.R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nangjing 210002, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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269
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Spitzer MH, Carmi Y, Reticker-Flynn NE, Kwek SS, Madhireddy D, Martins MM, Gherardini PF, Prestwood TR, Chabon J, Bendall SC, Fong L, Nolan GP, Engleman EG. Systemic Immunity Is Required for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy. Cell 2017; 168:487-502.e15. [PMID: 28111070 PMCID: PMC5312823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 611] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses involve coordination across cell types and tissues. However, studies in cancer immunotherapy have focused heavily on local immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. To investigate immune activity more broadly, we performed an organism-wide study in genetically engineered cancer models using mass cytometry. We analyzed immune responses in several tissues after immunotherapy by developing intuitive models for visualizing single-cell data with statistical inference. Immune activation was evident in the tumor and systemically shortly after effective therapy was administered. However, during tumor rejection, only peripheral immune cells sustained their proliferation. This systemic response was coordinated across tissues and required for tumor eradication in several immunotherapy models. An emergent population of peripheral CD4 T cells conferred protection against new tumors and was significantly expanded in patients responding to immunotherapy. These studies demonstrate the critical impact of systemic immune responses that drive tumor rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Baxter Lab in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Yaron Carmi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | - Serena S Kwek
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Deepthi Madhireddy
- Baxter Lab in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maria M Martins
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pier Federico Gherardini
- Baxter Lab in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tyler R Prestwood
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan Chabon
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sean C Bendall
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Baxter Lab in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Edgar G Engleman
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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270
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Darouich S, El Amine El Hadj O, Betaieb I, Goucha A, Dhiab T, Rahal K, Gamoudi A, El May A. Triple negative breast cancer: A clinico-epidemiological and histopronostic study of 90 cases. Tunis Med 2017; 95:37-44. [PMID: 29327767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to describe the clinico-epidemiological and histopronostic characteristics of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and to evaluate the therapeutic results in tunisian women. METHODS We reported the results of a retrospective study including 90 patients treated for TNBC between Junuary 2008 and December 2009 in the Salah Azaiz Institute of Tunis. RESULTS TNBCoccured in 14% of diagnosed breast cancers. The mean age at diagnosis was 53.67 years. Family history of breast cancer was reported in 10% of cases.The majority of tumors were classified as T2 (41%) and associated with invasive ductal carcinoma histological type (99%) and SBR grade-II (54%). Tumor lymph node metastases were detected in 44% of patients.Among operated patients, 46% of patients underwent conservative surgery and 54% radical surgery. Chemotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy were given in97% and 80%of patients, respectively. After a median follow-up of 33.51 months, 61% of patients remained free of disease, 12% hadloco-regional recurrence, 9% had disease progression during chemotherapy and 21% developed systemic disease. CONCLUSION TNBC diagnosis is often made in the advanced stage and has a tendency to recur after treatment. The variable responseto chemotherapy is due to the molecular tumor heterogeneity. The development of targeted therapies is necessary to improve outcome of chemoresistant TNBC.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Incidence
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Tunisia/epidemiology
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271
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Moon SY, Lee KH, Lee JS, Yang HS, Lee HG, Cho YH, Yoon SY. Acute cor pulmonale due to pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy in two patients with breast cancer. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:190-194. [PMID: 26842105 PMCID: PMC5214717 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Young Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Sik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Ghi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yo Han Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to So Young Yoon, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Korea Tel: +82-2-2030-7537 Fax: +82-2-2030-7748 E-mail:
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Stocke NA, Sethi P, Jyoti A, Chan R, Arnold SM, Hilt JZ, Upreti M. Toxicity evaluation of magnetic hyperthermia induced by remote actuation of magnetic nanoparticles in 3D micrometastasic tumor tissue analogs for triple negative breast cancer. Biomaterials 2016; 120:115-125. [PMID: 28056401 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia as a treatment modality is acquiring increased recognition for loco-regional therapy of primary and metastatic lung malignancies by pulmonary delivery of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP). The unique characteristic of magnetic nanoparticles to induce localized hyperthermia in the presence of an alternating magnetic field (AMF) allows for preferential killing of cells at the tumor site. In this study we demonstrate the effect of hyperthermia induced by low and high dose of MNP under the influence of an AMF using 3D tumor tissue analogs (TTA) representing the micrometastatic, perfusion independent stage of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) that infiltrates the lungs. While application of inhalable magnetic nanocomposite microparticles or magnetic nanocomposites (MnMs) to the micrometastatic TNBC model comprised of TTA generated from cancer and stromal cells, showed no measureable adverse effects in the absence of AMF-exposure, magnetic hyperthermia generated under the influence of an AMF in TTA incubated in a high concentration of MNP (1 mg/mL) caused significant increase in cellular death/damage with mechanical disintegration and release of cell debris indicating the potential of these inhalable composites as a promising approach for thermal treatment of diseased lungs. The novelty and significance of this study lies in the development of methods to evaluate in vitro the application of inhalable composites containing MNPs in thermal therapy using a physiologically relevant metastatic TNBC model representative of the microenvironmental characteristics in secondary lung malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael A Stocke
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Pallavi Sethi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Amar Jyoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Ryan Chan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Susanne M Arnold
- College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - J Zach Hilt
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Meenakshi Upreti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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273
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Turkman YE, Sakibia Opong A, Harris LN, Knobf MT. Biologic, demographic, and social factors affecting triple negative breast cancer outcomes. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2016; 19:62-7. [PMID: 25689650 DOI: 10.1188/15.cjon.62-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype that disproportionately affects women who are African American, younger, or carriers of the BRCA1 gene. No targeted treatments exist for the disease, which has distinct features and presents unique challenges to patients who have been diagnosed with it. OBJECTIVES TNBC is reviewed in this article according to incidence, tumor grade, stage of diagnosis, biologic and social risk factors, mortality, and treatment. METHODS Published articles pertaining to TNBC and located through online database searches were reviewed. Articles were selected either because they offered the most current information about TNBC or contributed to the understanding of TNBC. FINDINGS Biologic, demographic, and social factors present unique challenges in the treatment of women with TNBC. Knowing about the characteristics of TNBC and the populations who are most at risk for the disease might help healthcare providers better respond to their patients. It may also facilitate responsiveness to patients' needs and enhance their quality of life.
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274
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Joyce DP, Murphy D, Lowery AJ, Curran C, Barry K, Malone C, McLaughlin R, Kerin MJ. Prospective comparison of outcome after treatment for triple-negative and non-triple-negative breast cancer. Surgeon 2016; 15:272-277. [PMID: 28277293 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are associated with a poor prognosis owing to an aggressive phenotype. We aimed to carry out a prospective study comparing management strategies and response to therapy in TNBC and non-TNBC patients. METHODS Data were obtained from a prospectively maintained database of patients treated for breast cancer. RESULTS A total of 142 TNBC and 142 age-, stage- and NPI-matched non-TNBC patients were treated. The difference in overall survival between the 2 groups was statistically significant (77% of TNBC patients alive at a mean follow-up of 32 months, versus 92% of non-TNBC patients at a mean follow-up of 38 months, P = 0.0 Log rank test). This survival difference was found to be independent of NPI (P = 0.0 Log rank test). Locoregional recurrence rates were similar between TNBC patients who were treated with wide local excision versus mastectomy (P = 0.449 Log rank test). A significant difference in survival was noted between TNBC patients who responded differentially to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.035 Log rank test). CONCLUSION Patients with TNBC have adverse outcomes despite aggressive treatment. The development of effective targeted therapies is essential for this breast cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Joyce
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
| | - D Murphy
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - A J Lowery
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - C Curran
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - K Barry
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - C Malone
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - R McLaughlin
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - M J Kerin
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
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275
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Hamilton DH, Roselli M, Ferroni P, Costarelli L, Cavaliere F, Taffuri M, Palena C, Guadagni F. Brachyury, a vaccine target, is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:783-796. [PMID: 27580659 PMCID: PMC5010091 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have a high rate of tumor metastasis and a poor prognosis. The treatment option for these patients is currently chemotherapy, which results in very low response rates. Strategies that exploit the immune system for the treatment of cancer have now shown the ability to improve survival in several tumor types. Identifying potential targets for immune therapeutic interventions is an important step in developing novel treatments for TNBC. In this study, in silico analysis of publicly available datasets and immunohistochemical analysis of primary and metastatic tumor biopsies from TNBC patients were conducted to evaluate the expression of the transcription factor brachyury, which is a driver of tumor metastasis and resistance and a target for cancer vaccine approaches. Analysis of breast cancer datasets demonstrated a predominant expression of brachyury mRNA in TNBC and in basal vs luminal or HER2 molecular breast cancer subtypes. At the protein level, variable levels of brachyury expression were detected both in primary and metastatic TNBC lesions. A strong association was observed between nuclear brachyury protein expression and the stage of disease, with nuclear brachyury being more predominant in metastatic vs primary tumors. Survival analysis also demonstrated an association between high levels of brachyury in the primary tumor and poor prognosis. Two brachyury-targeting cancer vaccines are currently undergoing clinical evaluation; the data presented here provide rationale for using brachyury-targeting immunotherapy approaches for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane H. Hamilton
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mario Roselli
- Department of Systems Medicine, Medical Oncology, Tor Vergata Clinical Center, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Palena
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
- Corresponding Author: Claudia Palena, Ph.D., Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892. Telephone: (301) 496-1528; fax: (301) 496-2756;
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
- Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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276
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Santarpia L, Bottai G, Kelly CM, Győrffy B, Székely B, Pusztai L. Deciphering and Targeting Oncogenic Mutations and Pathways in Breast Cancer. Oncologist 2016; 21:1063-78. [PMID: 27384237 PMCID: PMC5016060 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : Advances in DNA and RNA sequencing revealed substantially greater genomic complexity in breast cancer than simple models of a few driver mutations would suggest. Only very few, recurrent mutations or copy-number variations in cancer-causing genes have been identified. The two most common alterations in breast cancer are TP53 (affecting the majority of triple-negative breast cancers) and PIK3CA (affecting almost half of estrogen receptor-positive cancers) mutations, followed by a long tail of individually rare mutations affecting <1%-20% of cases. Each cancer harbors from a few dozen to a few hundred potentially high-functional impact somatic variants, along with a much larger number of potentially high-functional impact germline variants. It is likely that it is the combined effect of all genomic variations that drives the clinical behavior of a given cancer. Furthermore, entirely new classes of oncogenic events are being discovered in the noncoding areas of the genome and in noncoding RNA species driven by errors in RNA editing. In light of this complexity, it is not unexpected that, with the exception of HER2 amplification, no robust molecular predictors of benefit from targeted therapies have been identified. In this review, we summarize the current genomic portrait of breast cancer, focusing on genetic aberrations that are actively being targeted with investigational drugs. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Next-generation sequencing is now widely available in the clinic, but interpretation of the results is challenging, and its impact on treatment selection is often limited. This work provides an overview of frequently encountered molecular abnormalities in breast cancer and discusses their potential therapeutic implications. This review emphasizes the importance of administering investigational targeted therapies, or off-label use of approved targeted drugs, in the context of a formal clinical trial or registry programs to facilitate learning about the clinical utility of tumor target profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libero Santarpia
- Oncology Experimental Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Bottai
- Oncology Experimental Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Balázs Győrffy
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Borbala Székely
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Yale Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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277
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Dai D, Chen B, Tang H, Wang B, Zhao Z, Xie X, Wei W. Nomograms for Predicting the Prognostic Value of Pre-Therapeutic CA15-3 and CEA Serum Levels in TNBC Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161902. [PMID: 27561099 PMCID: PMC4999206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15–3 (CA15-3) levels are both independent prognostic factors in breast cancer. However, the utility of CEA and CA15-3 levels as conventional cancer biomarkers in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains controversial. The current study was performed to explore the predictive value of pre-therapeutic serum CEA and CA15-3 levels, and nomograms were developed including these serum cancer biomarkers to improve the prognostic evaluation of TNBC patients. Pre-therapeutic CA15-3 and CEA concentrations were measured in 247 patients with stage I–IV TNBC. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that TNBC patients with high levels of both CEA and CA15-3 had shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates than those in the low-level groups (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis suggested that pre-therapeutic CA15-3 and CEA levels are independent predictive elements for OS (p = 0.022 and p = 0.040, respectively) and DFS (p = 0.023 and p = 0.028, respectively). In addition, novel nomograms were established and validated to provide personal forecasts of OS and DFS for patients with TNBC. These novel nomograms may help physicians to select the optimal treatment plans to ensure the best outcomes for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danian Dai
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiping Zhao
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (XX)
| | - Weidong Wei
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (XX)
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278
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is high-risk due to its rapid drug resistance and recurrence, metastasis, and lack of targeted therapy. So far, no molecularly targeted therapeutic agents have been clinically approved for TNBC. It is imperative that we discover new targets for TNBC therapy. OBJECTIVES A large volume of cancer genomics data are emerging and advancing breast cancer research. We may integrate different types of TNBC genomic data to discover molecular targets for TNBC therapy. DATA SOURCES We used publicly available TNBC tumor tissue genomic data in the Cancer Genome Atlas database in this study. METHODS We integratively explored genomic profiles (gene expression, copy number, methylation, microRNA [miRNA], and gene mutation) in TNBC and identified hyperactivated genes that have higher expression, more copy numbers, lower methylation level, or are targets of miRNAs with lower expression in TNBC than in normal samples. We ranked the hyperactivated genes into different levels based on all the genomic evidence and performed functional analyses of the sets of genes identified. More importantly, we proposed potential molecular targets for TNBC therapy based on the hyperactivated genes. RESULTS Some of the genes we identified such as FGFR2, MAPK13, TP53, SRC family, MUC family, and BCL2 family have been suggested to be potential targets for TNBC treatment. Others such as CSF1R, EPHB3, TRIB1, and LAD1 could be promising new targets for TNBC treatment. By utilizing this integrative analysis of genomic profiles for TNBC, we hypothesized that some of the targeted treatment strategies for TNBC currently in development are more likely to be promising, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, while the others are more likely to be discouraging, such as angiogenesis inhibitors. LIMITATIONS The findings in this study need to be experimentally validated in the future. CONCLUSION This is a systematic study that combined 5 different types of genomic data to molecularly characterize TNBC and identify potential targets for TNBC therapy. The integrative analysis of genomic profiles for TNBC could assist in identifying potential new therapeutic targets and predicting the effectiveness of a targeted treatment strategy for TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinic Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Correspondence: Xiaosheng Wang, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (e-mail: )
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Core
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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279
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Brown RJ, Murphy CD, Lisella GH, Libby AL, Njiaju UO, Rabinovitch RA, Borges VF. A 40-Year-Old Woman With a New Triple-Negative Breast Mass, Shown on Biopsy to Be Metaplastic Carcinoma. Oncology (Williston Park) 2016; 30:628-652. [PMID: 27432366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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280
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Miquel-Cases A, Retèl VP, van Harten WH, Steuten LMG. Decisions on Further Research for Predictive Biomarkers of High-Dose Alkylating Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Value of Information Analysis. Value Health 2016; 19:419-430. [PMID: 27325334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To inform decisions about the design and priority of further studies of emerging predictive biomarkers of high-dose alkylating chemotherapy (HDAC) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) using value-of-information analysis. METHODS A state transition model compared treating women with TNBC with current clinical practice and four biomarker strategies to personalize HDAC: 1) BRCA1-like profile by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) testing; 2) BRCA1-like profile by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) testing; 3) strategy 1 followed by X-inactive specific transcript gene (XIST) and tumor suppressor p53 binding protein (53BP1) testing; and 4) strategy 2 followed by XIST and 53BP1 testing, from a Dutch societal perspective and a 20-year time horizon. Input data came from literature and expert opinions. We assessed the expected value of partial perfect information, the expected value of sample information, and the expected net benefit of sampling for potential ancillary studies of an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT; NCT01057069). RESULTS The expected value of partial perfect information indicated that further research should be prioritized to the parameter group including "biomarkers' prevalence, positive predictive value (PPV), and treatment response rates (TRRs) in biomarker-negative patients and patients with TNBC" (€639 million), followed by utilities (€48 million), costs (€40 million), and transition probabilities (TPs) (€30 million). By setting up four ancillary studies to the ongoing RCT, data on 1) TP and MLPA prevalence, PPV, and TRR; 2) aCGH and aCGH/MLPA plus XIST and 53BP1 prevalence, PPV, and TRR; 3) utilities; and 4) costs could be simultaneously collected (optimal size = 3000). CONCLUSIONS Further research on predictive biomarkers for HDAC should focus on gathering data on TPs, prevalence, PPV, TRRs, utilities, and costs from the four ancillary studies to the ongoing RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Miquel-Cases
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valesca P Retèl
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H van Harten
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Health Technology and Services Research, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Lotte M G Steuten
- Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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281
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Hapuarachchige S, Kato Y, Ngen EJ, Smith B, Delannoy M, Artemov D. Non-Temperature Induced Effects of Magnetized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Alternating Magnetic Field in Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156294. [PMID: 27244470 PMCID: PMC4887104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the damaging effects of magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (MNP) on magnetically labeled cancer cells when subjected to oscillating gradients in a strong external magnetic field. Human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were labeled with MNP, placed in the high magnetic field, and subjected to oscillating gradients generated by an imaging gradient system of a 9.4T preclinical MRI system. Changes in cell morphology and a decrease in cell viability were detected in cells treated with oscillating gradients. The cytotoxicity was determined qualitatively and quantitatively by microscopic imaging and cell viability assays. An approximately 26.6% reduction in cell viability was detected in magnetically labeled cells subjected to the combined effect of a static magnetic field and oscillating gradients. No reduction in cell viability was observed in unlabeled cells subjected to gradients, or in MNP-labeled cells in the static magnetic field. As no increase in local temperature was observed, the cell damage was not a result of hyperthermia. Currently, we consider the coherent motion of internalized and aggregated nanoparticles that produce mechanical moments as a potential mechanism of cell destruction. The formation and dynamics of the intracellular aggregates of nanoparticles were visualized by optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The images revealed a rapid formation of elongated MNP aggregates in the cells, which were aligned with the external magnetic field. This strategy provides a new way to eradicate a specific population of MNP-labeled cells, potentially with magnetic resonance imaging guidance using standard MRI equipment, with minimal side effects for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudath Hapuarachchige
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
| | - Yoshinori Kato
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, United States of America
| | - Ethel J. Ngen
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
| | - Barbara Smith
- Cell Biology Imaging Facility, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
| | - Michael Delannoy
- Cell Biology Imaging Facility, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
| | - Dmitri Artemov
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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282
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Park D, Ahn KO, Jeong KC, Choi Y. Polypyrrole-based nanotheranostics for activatable fluorescence imaging and chemo/photothermal dual therapy of triple-negative breast cancer. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:185102. [PMID: 27004751 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/18/185102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, we fabricated polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPys) (termed HA10-PPy, HA20-PPy, and HA40-PPy) doped with different average molecular weight hyaluronic acids (HAs) (10, 20, and 40 kDa, respectively), and evaluated the effect of molecular weight of doped HA on photothermal induction, fluorescence quenching, and drug loading efficiencies. Doxorubicin-loaded HA-doped PPys (DOX@HA-PPys) could be used for imaging and therapy of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Fluorescence turn-on, stimuli-responsive drug release, and photo-induced heating of DOX@HA-PPys enabled not only activatable fluorescence imaging but also subsequent chemo/photothermal dual therapy for TNBC. In particular, we illustrated the potential usefulness of the photothermal effect of the nanoparticles for overcoming chemoresistance in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Park
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Branch, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea
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283
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Elias AD, Wang WS, Hardesty L. A 55-Year-Old Woman With New Triple-Negative Breast Mass, Less Than 2 cm on Both Mammogram and Ultrasound. Oncology (Williston Park) 2016; 30:258-262. [PMID: 26984221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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284
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Maka VV, Pancha H, Shukla SN, Talati SS, Shah PM, Patel KM, Anand AS, Shah SA, Patel AA, Parikh S. Clinical Characteristics and prognostic analysis of Triple-negative Breast Cancer: Single institute experience. Gulf J Oncolog 2016; 1:38-44. [PMID: 27050178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a poor prognostic subset of breast cancer that lacks the benefit of specific targeted therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study of the clinical profile of triple negative breast cancer cases at a tertiary referral centre. The duration of the study period was 26 months and the median follow up period was ten months. A total of 111 invasive breast cancer patients were evaluated from 1st August 2009 to 31st October 2011. We examined TNBC patients with respect to clinicopathological parameters, adjuvant chemotherapy regimens and relapse free survival. RESULTS In our study, patients were young (median age at presentation, 47yrs), premenopausal (54%), tumour size was discordant with lymph node positivity, the histology was predominantly intraductal carcinoma (90%), histological grade higher than two (90%). Relapses were early and preferential visceral (32%) and CNS metastasises (11.7%). 91% of patients were eligible for adjuvant therapy but only 80% of the patients could complete full course of adjuvant chemotherapy. Anthracycline-based regimens (43%), sequential anthracycline and taxane-based regimen (24%) and other regimes like CMF (13%) were used as adjuvant chemotherapy in eligible TNBC patients. Median relapse free survival in patients following adjuvant chemotherapy was around 10 months at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Patients with TNBC have aggressive clinicopathological characteristics with early and higher rate of disease relapse and therefore derive inadequate benefit from current adjuvant chemotherapy. So, new treatment strategies in adjuvant chemotherapy for TNBC are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Maka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - H Pancha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - S N Shukla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - S S Talati
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - P M Shah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - K M Patel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - A S Anand
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - S A Shah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - A A Patel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - S Parikh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Chandra D, Suresh P, Sinha R, Azam S, Batra U, Talwar V, Kumar K, Mehta A. Eight Year Survival Analysis of Patients with Triple Negative Breast Cancer in India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:2995-2999. [PMID: 27356724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) often presents as an interval cancer with short survival upon metastasis and thus represents an important clinical challenge. The present study investigated the clinicopathologic characteristics and long term survival outcome of early and locally advanced TNBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for 148 consecutive confirmed cases of TNBC treated in a single unit at our centre. Demographic profile, tumor type, histopathology details, treatment and follow-up information was recorded and immunohistochemistry was performed. RESULTS Age group >50 years was associated with tumors of clinical stage 3 (53.8%), pathological stage 3 (46.2%), pathological grade 3 (45.7%), presence of extracapsular extension (ECE, 48.5%) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI, 64.9%). Locally advanced breast cancers (LABCs) were characterized by pathological stage 3 (96.2%), presence of ECE (100%) and absence of LVI (46.7%) as compared to early breast cancers (EBCs) which had higher incidence of lower stage tumors (100%), absence of ECE (82%) and presence of LVI (91.9%; p-value <0.001. Better relapse free survival was observed in patients with no axillary involvement (69%; p-value <0.001) and absence of ECE (64%; p-value <0.001). Improved overall survival was seen in patients with EBC (90%; p-value 0.008), clear axilla (86%; p-value <0.001), absence of ECE (87%; p-value <0.001) and negative lymph nodes (90%; p-value 0.006). CONCLUSIONS TNBCs are aggressive tumors which show poor long term survival. Patients with TNBC benefit from chemotherapy, thus better and less toxic treatment options are needed. Identification of newer targets and development of targeted therapies are the need of the hour.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy
- Combined Modality Therapy/mortality
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Mastectomy, Segmental/mortality
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Chandra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India E-mail :
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286
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Aydiner A, Sen F, Tambas M, Ciftci R, Eralp Y, Saip P, Karanlik H, Fayda M, Kucucuk S, Onder S, Yavuz E, Muslumanoglu M, Igci A. Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma Versus Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Survival and Response to Treatment. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2341. [PMID: 26717372 PMCID: PMC5291613 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) differs from classic invasive ductal carcinomas regarding incidence, pathogenesis, and prognosis. The purpose of this study was to compare patients with MBC with clinicopathologic and treatment-matched patients with triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) in terms of response to treatment, progression, and survival.Fifty-four patients with MBC and 51 with TNBC, who were treated at Istanbul University, Institute of Oncology, between 1993 and 2014, were included in the study. After correctly matching the patients with 1 of the 2 groups, they were compared to determine differences in response to treatment, disease progression, clinical course, and survival.At a median follow-up of 28 months, 18 patients (17.1%) died and 27 (25.5%) had disease progression. Metaplastic histology was significantly correlated with worse 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) (51 ± 9% vs. 82 ± 6%, P = 0.013) and overall survival (OS) (68 ± 8% vs. 94 ± 4%, P = 0.009) compared with TNBC histology. Patients who received taxane-based chemotherapy (CT) regimens or adjuvant radiotherapy had significantly better PFS (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001) and OS (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001) compared with others. In the multivariate analysis, MBC (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.09, P < 0.001), presence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) (HR: 12.8, P = 0.05), and metastasis development at any time during the clinical course (HR: 38.7, P < 0.001) were significant factors that decreased PFS, whereas metastasis development was the only independent prognostic factor of OS (HR: 23.8, P = 0.009).MBC is significantly correlated with worse PFS and OS compared with TNBC. Patients with MBC are resistant to conventional CT agents, and more efficient treatment regimens are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Aydiner
- From the Department of Medical Oncology (AA, FS, RC, YE, PS); Department of Radiation Oncology (MT, MF, SK); Surgical Oncology Unit, Institute of Oncology (HK); Department of Pathology (SO, EY); and Surgical Oncology Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey (MM, AI)
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287
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Fan Y, Ding X, Xu B, Ma F, Yuan P, Wang J, Zhang P, Li Q, Luo Y. Prognostic Significance of Single Progesterone Receptor Positivity: A Comparison Study of Estrogen Receptor Negative/Progesterone Receptor Positive/Her2 Negative Primary Breast Cancer With Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2066. [PMID: 26579819 PMCID: PMC4652828 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Single progesterone receptor positive (PgR+), especially in form of ER-/PgR+/HER2-, is a nonnegligible phenomenon. Little is known about the characteristics and the role of single PgR positive in this phenotype. Therefore, we explore the significance of single PgR positivity by comparing ER-/PgR+/HER2- breast cancers with triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs).Three thousand nine hundred sixty-six cases of primary invasive breast carcinoma operated consecutively from January 2005 to May 2008 in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were examined. Two hundred forty (6%) cases were identified as ER-/PgR+/HER2- breast cancers and 348 (8.8%) cases as TNBCs. Clinicopathological characteristics and survivals were analyzed respectively and then compared between 2 subtypes.Compared with patients with TNBCs, ER-/PgR+/HER2- tumor tended to have lower tumor grade (Grade 3: 45.7% vs. 37.5%, P = 0.051) and smaller tumor size (P = 0.036). However, no differences were found between ER-/PgR+/HER2- and TNBC patients in relapse-free survival (RFS) and OS. The 5-year RFS rates were 80.7% and 77.4%, respectively (P = 0.330) and the 5-year OS rates were 88.0% and 85.2%, respectively (P = 0.290). ER-/PgR+/HER2- patients receiving adjuvant endocrine treatment had better RFS (P = 0.016) and overall survival (OS) (P < 0.0001) than patients receiving no endocrine therapy.This exclusive analysis of patients with ER-/PgR+/HER2- breast cancers showed that this subtype exhibited an aggressive behavior as TNBC, suggesting that it should also be regarded as biologically distinctive group and single PgR positive itself is not a good prognostic factor. However, adjuvant endocrine therapy could still benefit this group of patients. Further investigations should be done to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/etiology
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Analysis
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Tumor Burden
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital& Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (YF, BX, FM, PY, JW, PZ, QL, YL); and Department of Oncology, Beijing DiTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China (XD)
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288
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Santa-Maria CA, Camp M, Cimino-Mathews A, Harvey S, Wright J, Stearns V. Neoadjuvant Therapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Current Practice, Controversies, and Future Directions. Oncology (Williston Park) 2015; 29:828-838. [PMID: 26573062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Research in the fields of surgical, medical, and radiation oncology has changed the landscape of neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer, yet many areas of controversy still exist. When considering whether a patient is a candidate for neoadjuvant therapy, ideally the initial assessment should be multidisciplinary in nature and should include clinical, radiographic, and pathologic evaluation. Optimization of systemic therapy is dependent upon identifying the patient's breast cancer subtype; the best approach may include targeted agents, as well as the determination of eligibility for enrollment into clinical trials that incorporate novel therapeutics or predictive biomarkers. This article will review a variety of surgical and radiation-based strategies for management of early-stage breast cancer, including surgical options involving the breast and axilla, and the role of radiation based on response to systemic therapy. Key areas of controversy include the ideal systemic treatment for different breast cancer subtypes, the surgical and radiotherapeutic approaches for management of the axilla, and the role of pathologic response rates as a surrogate for survival in drug development.
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289
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Shu D, Li H, Shu Y, Xiong G, Carson WE, Haque F, Xu R, Guo P. Systemic Delivery of Anti-miRNA for Suppression of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Utilizing RNA Nanotechnology. ACS Nano 2015; 9:9731-40. [PMID: 26387848 PMCID: PMC4723066 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play important roles in regulating the gene expression and life cycle of cancer cells. In particular, miR-21, an oncogenic miRNA is a major player involved in tumor initiation, progression, invasion and metastasis in several cancers, including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, delivery of therapeutic miRNA or anti-miRNA specifically into cancer cells in vivo without collateral damage to healthy cells remains challenging. We report here the application of RNA nanotechnology for specific and efficient delivery of anti-miR-21 to block the growth of TNBC in orthotopic mouse models. The 15 nm therapeutic RNA nanoparticles contains the 58-nucleotide (nt) phi29 pRNA-3WJ as a core, a 8-nt sequence complementary to the seed region of miR-21, and a 39-nt epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting aptamer for internalizing RNA nanoparticles into cancer cells via receptor mediated endocytosis. The RNase resistant and thermodynamically stable RNA nanoparticles remained intact after systemic injection into mice and strongly bound to tumors with little or no accumulation in healthy organs 8 h postinjection, and subsequently repressed tumor growth at low doses. The observed specific cancer targeting and tumor regression is a result of several key attributes of RNA nanoparticles: anionic charge which disallows nonspecific passage across negatively charged cell membrane; "active" targeting using RNA aptamers which increases the homing of RNA nanoparticles to cancer cells; nanoscale size and shape which avoids rapid renal clearance and engulfment by lung macrophages and liver Kupffer cells; favorable biodistribution profiles with little accumulation in healthy organs, which minimizes nonspecific side effects; and favorable pharmacokinetic profiles with extended in vivo half-life. The results demonstrate the clinical potentials of RNA nanotechnology based platform to deliver miRNA based therapeutics for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shu
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
| | - Hui Li
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Yi Shu
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Gaofeng Xiong
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - William E. Carson
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Farzin Haque
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Ren Xu
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
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290
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Chen L, Li CI. Racial disparities in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment by hormone receptor and HER2 status. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1666-72. [PMID: 26464428 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American and Hispanic women are more likely to be diagnosed with aggressive forms of breast cancer. Disparities within each subtype of breast cancer have not been well documented. METHODS Using data from 18 SEER cancer registries, we identified 102,064 women aged 20 years or older, diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in 2010-2011, and with known stage, hormone receptor (HR), and HER2 status. Associations between race/ethnicity and cancer stage and receipt of guideline-concordant treatment were evaluated according to HR/HER2 status. RESULTS Overall, African American and Hispanic women were 30% to 60% more likely to be diagnosed with stage II-IV breast cancer compared with non-Hispanic whites. African American women had 40% to 70% higher risks of stage IV breast cancer across all four subtypes. American Indian/Alaska Native women had a 3.9-fold higher risk of stage IV triple-negative breast cancer. African American and Hispanic whites were 30% to 40% more likely to receive non-guideline-concordant treatment for breast cancer overall and across subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Women in several racial/ethnic groups are more likely to be diagnosed with more advanced stage breast cancer. African American and American Indian/Alaska Native women in particular had the highest risk of being diagnosed with stage IV triple-negative breast cancer. African American and Hispanic women were also consistently at higher risk of not receiving guideline-concordant treatment across subtypes. IMPACT These findings provide important characterization of which subtypes of breast cancer racial/ethnic disparities in stage and treatment persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Christopher I Li
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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291
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Wu X, Zahari MS, Ma B, Liu R, Renuse S, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Chen L, Chaerkady R, Kim MS, Zhong J, Jelinek C, Barbhuiya MA, Leal-Rojas P, Yang Y, Kashyap MK, Marimuthu A, Ling M, Fackler MJ, Merino V, Zhang Z, Zahnow CA, Gabrielson E, Stearns V, Roa JC, Sukumar S, Gill PS, Pandey A. Global phosphotyrosine survey in triple-negative breast cancer reveals activation of multiple tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2015; 6:29143-60. [PMID: 26356563 PMCID: PMC4745717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. About 15-20% of all breast cancers are triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and are often highly aggressive when compared to other subtypes of breast cancers. To better characterize the biology that underlies the TNBC phenotype, we profiled the phosphotyrosine proteome of a panel of twenty-six TNBC cell lines using quantitative high resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry. A heterogeneous pattern of tyrosine kinase activation was observed based on 1,789 tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides identified from 969 proteins. One of the tyrosine kinases, AXL, was found to be activated in a majority of aggressive TNBC cell lines and was accompanied by a higher level of AXL expression. High levels of AXL expression are correlated with a significant decrease in patient survival. Treatment of cells bearing activated AXL with a humanized AXL antibody inhibited cell proliferation and migration in vitro, and tumor growth in mice. Overall, our global phosphoproteomic analysis provided new insights into the heterogeneity in the activation status of tyrosine kinase pathways in TNBCs. Our approach presents an effective means of identifying important novel biomarkers and targets for therapy such as AXL in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wu
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Muhammad Saddiq Zahari
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Binyun Ma
- 6 Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ren Liu
- 6 Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Santosh Renuse
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 5 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Nandini A. Sahasrabuddhe
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 5 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Lily Chen
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jun Zhong
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Christine Jelinek
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Mustafa A. Barbhuiya
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 5 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Pamela Leal-Rojas
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 7 Department of Pathology, Center of Genetic and Immunological Studies (CEGIN) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Yi Yang
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 5 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Arivusudar Marimuthu
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 5 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Min Ling
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Mary Jo Fackler
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Vanessa Merino
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Cynthia A. Zahnow
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Edward Gabrielson
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 4 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Vered Stearns
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- 8 Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Department of Pathology Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Saraswati Sukumar
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Parkash S. Gill
- 6 Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 4 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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292
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Severson TM, Peeters J, Majewski I, Michaut M, Bosma A, Schouten PC, Chin SF, Pereira B, Goldgraben MA, Bismeijer T, Kluin RJC, Muris JJF, Jirström K, Kerkhoven RM, Wessels L, Caldas C, Bernards R, Simon IM, Linn S. BRCA1-like signature in triple negative breast cancer: Molecular and clinical characterization reveals subgroups with therapeutic potential. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1528-38. [PMID: 26004083 PMCID: PMC5528786 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative (TN) breast cancers make up some 15% of all breast cancers. Approximately 10-15% are mutant for the tumor suppressor, BRCA1. BRCA1 is required for homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair and deficiency results in genomic instability. BRCA1-mutated tumors have a specific pattern of genomic copy number aberrations that can be used to classify tumors as BRCA1-like or non-BRCA1-like. BRCA1 mutation, promoter methylation, BRCA1-like status and genome-wide expression data was determined for 112 TN breast cancer samples with long-term follow-up. Mutation status for 21 known DNA repair genes and PIK3CA was assessed. Gene expression and mutation frequency in BRCA1-like and non-BRCA1-like tumors were compared. Multivariate survival analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. BRCA1 germline mutation was identified in 10% of patients and 15% of tumors were BRCA1 promoter methylated. Fifty-five percent of tumors classified as BRCA1-like. The functions of genes significantly up-regulated in BRCA1-like tumors included cell cycle and DNA recombination and repair. TP53 was found to be frequently mutated in BRCA1-like (P < 0.05), while PIK3CA was frequently mutated in non-BRCA1-like tumors (P < 0.05). A significant association with worse prognosis was evident for patients with BRCA1-like tumors (adjusted HR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.30-8.48, P = 0.01). TN tumors can be further divided into two major subgroups, BRCA1-like and non-BRCA1-like with different mutation and expression patterns and prognoses. Based on these molecular patterns, subgroups may be more sensitive to specific targeted agents such as PI3K or PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesa M Severson
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ian Majewski
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magali Michaut
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Bosma
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip C Schouten
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Tycho Bismeijer
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof J C Kluin
- Genomics Core Facility, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jettie J F Muris
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ron M Kerkhoven
- Genomics Core Facility, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sabine Linn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Swisher AK, Abraham J, Bonner D, Gilleland D, Hobbs G, Kurian S, Yanosik MA, Vona-Davis L. Exercise and dietary advice intervention for survivors of triple-negative breast cancer: effects on body fat, physical function, quality of life, and adipokine profile. Support Care Cancer 2015; 23:2995-3003. [PMID: 25724409 PMCID: PMC4624214 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-015-2667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regular exercise and healthy eating are routinely recommended for breast cancer survivors, and past studies show benefits in quality of life and decreased inflammation. However, this has not been tested specifically in triple-negative breast cancer survivors. Increasing physical activity and losing body fat are thought to positively affect inflammatory biomarkers that have been associated with breast cancer. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to determine if participation in an exercise and dietary counseling program can improve body fat, physical function, and quality of life in survivors of this aggressive breast cancer. Secondarily, we sought to determine if participation in the program had beneficial effects on obesity-related markers of the adipokine profile. METHODS Sixty-six survivors of triple-negative breast cancer with BMI >25 were invited to participate. Twenty-eight enrolled and 23 completed the randomized, controlled trial (13 intervention, 10 control). Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (150 min per week, for 12 weeks) and diet counseling were compared to usual care, education only. The primary outcome of interest was weight loss (body mass, BMI, % fat), and secondary outcomes included physical function (exercise capacity), quality of life (Function After Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B)), cytokines (C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, IL-6), and adipokine profile (leptin, adiponectin, insulin). RESULTS Participants in the program lost more body fat (2.4 % loss vs. 0.4 % gain, p < 0.05) than the control group. The intervention group also improved quality of life (FACT-B total score +14 pts) and decreased sedentary time but did not improve peak exercise capacity. The intervention had no effect on serum cytokines and adipokines after 12 weeks in the program. However, serum leptin and adiponectin and their ratio were significantly correlated with BMI in the intervention group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exercise and dietary counseling led to loss of body fat and improved quality of life in survivors of triple-negative breast cancer. BMI was associated with favorable changes in leptin and adiponectin which may reflect a change in adiposity with intervention. Exercise and healthy eating may be equally effective in this high-risk population as in other breast cancer survivors and should be encouraged as a part of a cancer survivorship program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Swisher
- Division of Physical Therapy, West Virginia University, PO Box 9226, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9226, USA,
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294
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Yue Y, Cui X, Bose S, Audeh W, Zhang X, Fraass B. Stratifying triple-negative breast cancer prognosis using 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 153:607-16. [PMID: 26346756 PMCID: PMC4589560 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to stratify prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients using pre-treatment 18F-FDG-PET/CT, alone and with correlation to immunohistochemistry biomarkers. 200 consecutive TNBC breast cancer patients treated between 2008 and 2012 were retrieved. Among the full cohort, 79 patients had pre-treatment 18F-FDG-PET/CT scans. Immunostaining status of basal biomarkers (EGFR, CK5/6) and other clinicopathological variables were obtained. Three PET image features were evaluated: maximum uptake values (SUVmax), mean uptake (SUVmean), and metabolic volume (SUVvol) defined by SUV > 2.5. All variables were analyzed versus disease-free survival (DFS) using univariate and multivariate Cox analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves, and log-rank tests. The optimal cutoff points of variables were estimated using time-dependent survival receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. All PET features significantly correlated with proliferation marker Ki-67 (all p < 0.010). SUVmax stratified the prognosis of TNBC patients with optimal cutoff derived by ROC analysis (≤3.5 vs. >3.5, AUC = 0.654, p = 0.006). SUVmax and EGFR were significant prognostic factors in univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. To integrate prognosis of biological and imaging markers, patients were first stratified by EGFR into low (≤15 %) and high (>15 %) risk groups. Further, SUVmax was used as a variable to stratify the two EGFR groups. In the high EGFR group, patients with high FDG uptake (SUVmax > 3.5) had worse survival outcome (median DFS = 7.6 months) than those patients with low FDG uptake (SUVmax ≤ 3.5, median DFS = 11.6 months). In the low EGFR group, high SUVmax also indicated worse survival outcome (17.2 months) than low SUVmax (22.8 months). The risk stratification with integrative EGFR and PET was statistically significant with log-rank p ≪ 0.001. Pre-treatment 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging has significant prognostic value for predicting survival outcome of TNBC patients. Integrated with basal-biomarker EGFR, PET imaging can further stratify patient risks in the pre-treatment stage and help select appropriate treatment strategies for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Shikha Bose
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - William Audeh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Benedick Fraass
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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295
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Matt L, Mozayen M, Gress T, Tirona MT. The Tri-State Experience. Outcome Analysis of Patients with Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treated at Marshall University. W V Med J 2015; 111:30-34. [PMID: 26521533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women in the United States. It is the second most common malignancy to cause death, with approximately 39,000 women dying of breast cancer in the United States in 2013. Triple negative breast cancer is defined as the absence of estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 receptors. It has been associated with a higher incidence in African American women, a younger age and a more advanced stage at diagnosis, and an inferior overall survival. To recognize the differences of our West Virginia community population when compared to the national average, we conducted a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with breast cancer from 2000-2012.
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296
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Bulut N, Altundag K. Excellent clinical outcome of triple-negative breast cancer in younger and older women. J BUON 2015; 20:1276-1281. [PMID: 26537075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the histopathological features and survival of triple-negative breast carcinomas (TBNC) in younger and older women. METHODS We documented 312 patients with TBNC between 2008 and 2013. The histopathological and clinical features of women who were 35 years old or younger (N=53) were compared to those of women who were 60 years old and older (N=58). Patients were administered adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and adjuvant radiotherapy. RESULTS We diagnosed and treated a total of 312 patients with TNBC. The median follow-up was 38 months (mean ±SD:37.36; range: 0.2-383.4). The median age of the younger patients was 32 years (mean ±SD:31.6 ± 3.72; range:19-36) and of older patients 67 years (mean ±SD: 68.21 ± 6.78; range:60-84). The tumor size in young patients was larger than in older patients (p=0.001). More comorbid diseases were observed in older patients than in younger ones (p=0.001). There was no difference in the histological grades, lymphovascular invasion, stage and nodal involvement between the two groups. Local / distant metastases were found in 11 (40.7%) patients in the young patient group and in 16 (59.3%) in old patient group (p=0.704). Three (5.4%) patients died from each group. No significant difference in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (p=0.914, p=0.939, respectively) was noticed. CONCLUSION This study showed that older and younger patients with TNBC had similar survival with neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy, which may be due to similar histopathologic features and intrinsic tumors' activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Bulut
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Institute of Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
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297
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Vasconcelos I, de Sousa Mendes M, Linke J, Schoenegg W. Sudden onset diffuse erythema and oedema of the breast. BMJ 2015; 351:h4166. [PMID: 26251406 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h4166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jörg Linke
- German Federal Armed Forces Pathology Practice, Berlin
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298
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Brady L. My Journey With Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Plast Surg Nurs 2015; 35:137-144. [PMID: 26313679 DOI: 10.1097/psn.0000000000000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Brady
- Leslie Brady is a mother of three boys who has a story to tell regarding her journey with triple negative breast cancer
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299
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300
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Zhai L, Li S, Li H, Zheng Y, Lang R, Fan Y, Gu F, Guo X, Zhang X, Fu L. Polymorphisms in poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) promoter and 3' untranslated region and their association with PARP1 expression in breast cancer patients. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:7059-7071. [PMID: 26261599 PMCID: PMC4525933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Within the past several years, inhibition of the PARP1 activity has been emerged as one of the most exciting and promising strategies for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) therapy. The purpose of this study is to assess PARP1 expression in TNBCs and to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in PARP1 promoter or 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) and PARP1 expression. It was found that PARP1 was overexpressed in nuclear (nPARP1), cytoplasm (cPARP1) and nuclear-cytoplasmic coexisting (coPARP1) of 187 TNBCs in comparison to that of 115 non-TNBCs (nPARP1, p<0.001; cPARP1, p<0.001; coPARP1, p<0.001). High expression of nPARP1 and cPARP1 in breast cancer was related to worse progression-free survival (nPARP1, p=0.007, cPARP1, p=0.003). Additionally, we identified seven published polymorphism sites in the promoter region and in 3'UTR of PARP1 by sequencing. rs7527192 and rs2077197 genotypes were found to be significantly associated with the cPARP1 expression in TNBC patients (rs7527192 AA+GA versus GG, p=0.014; rs2077197 AA+GA versus GG, p=0.041). These findings were confirmed in an independent validation set of 88 TNBCs (rs7527192 GG versus GA+AA, p=0.030; rs2077197 GG versus GA+AA, p=0.030). The PARP1 over-expression including nuclear, cytoplasm and nuclear-cytoplasmic coexisting is a feature of TNBCs and the assessment of its expression may help to predict the efficacy of chemotherapy with PARP1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhai
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer ResearchTianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer ResearchTianjin, P.R. China
| | - Huilan Li
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer ResearchTianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer ResearchTianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ronggang Lang
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer ResearchTianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer ResearchTianjin, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer ResearchTianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer ResearchTianjin, P.R. China
| | | | - Li Fu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer ResearchTianjin, P.R. China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical EpigeneticsTianjin, P.R. China
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