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Abstract
There is some concern about the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine among young adult women due to the risk of prior HPV infection. This study used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012 data to evaluate the effectiveness of HPV vaccination among women 20-26 years of age who were vaccinated after 12 years of age. This cross-sectional study examined 878 young adult women (20-26 years) with complete information on HPV prevalence and HPV vaccination status from NHANES 2007-2012. Vaginal swab specimens were analyzed for HPV DNA by L1 consensus polymerase chain reaction followed by type-specific hybridization. Multivariate logistic regression models controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behaviors were used to compare type-specific HPV prevalence between vaccinated and unvaccinated women. A total of 21.4% of young adult women surveyed through NHANES between 2007 and 2012 received the HPV vaccine. Vaccinated women had a lower prevalence of vaccine types than unvaccinated women (7.4% vs 17.1%, prevalence ratio 0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.88). The prevalence of high-risk nonvaccine types was higher among vaccinated women than unvaccinated women (52.1% vs 40.4%, prevalence ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.06-1.57), but this difference was attenuated after adjusting for sexual behavior variables (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.19, 95% CI 0.99-1.43). HPV vaccination was effective against all 4 vaccine types in young women vaccinated after age 12. However, vaccinated women had a higher prevalence of high-risk nonvaccine types, suggesting that they may benefit from newer vaccines covering additional types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjian Guo
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology ; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health; The University of Texas Medical Branch ; Galveston , TX USA
| | - Jacqueline M Hirth
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology ; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health; The University of Texas Medical Branch ; Galveston , TX USA
| | - Abbey B Berenson
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology ; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health; The University of Texas Medical Branch ; Galveston , TX USA
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302
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Liskamp CP, Janssens GO, Bussink J, Melchers WJ, Kaanders JH, Verhoef CG. Adverse effect of smoking on prognosis in human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck 2016; 38:1780-1787. [PMID: 27248701 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify prognostic factors in a cohort of patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). METHODS Medical records of 142 patients treated with (chemo)radiotherapy between September 2005 and September 2011 were reviewed and the human papillomavirus (HPV) status was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Potential prognostic factors for 3-year locoregional control and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. RESULTS HPV-positive patients (n = 82) had locoregional control and OS of 78% and 79%, respectively. Significant prognostic factors on multivariate analysis were smoking (p = .03) for locoregional control and OS, and comorbidity (p = .04) for OS. Further stratification was done according to smoking behavior in HPV-positive patients. Locoregional control in current smokers was 67% compared to 86% in never smokers and former smokers, respectively (p = .02). CONCLUSION Smoking was the only modifiable prognostic factor in HPV-positive patients. Therefore, active stop-smoking programs must be integrated in the routine management of patients to maximize treatment results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1780-1787, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen P Liskamp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert O Janssens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bussink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J Melchers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H Kaanders
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia G Verhoef
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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303
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Piyathilake CJ, Badiga S, Chambers MM, Brill IK, Matthews R, Partridge EE. Accuracy of urinary human papillomavirus testing for the presence of cervical human papillomaviruses and higher grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Cancer 2016; 122:2836-44. [PMID: 27243771 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although urine-based testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) is being explored as a practical approach for cervical cancer screening, whether the results differ by age, race, or indicators of excess body weight or in populations exposed to HPV vaccines has not been documented by previous studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of urinary HPV testing for the presence of cervical HPVs and high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (grade 2 and 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN]) by the aforementioned population characteristics. METHODS The study population consisted of 502 women diagnosed with different grades of CIN. HPV testing was performed with paired urine and cervical cell DNA with the Roche Diagnostics Linear Array test. Agreement coefficient 1 and probabilities were calculated to determine the accuracy of urinary HPV testing for the presence of cervical HPVs and CIN lesions. RESULTS Substantial to almost perfect agreement (0.66-0.83) was observed in the detection of any HPV genotype in urine specimens versus cervical specimens, regardless of the population characteristics. Although the positive predictive value for the detection of CIN lesions was relatively low, the negative predictive value for CIN-3 was high (≥90%) among women positive for any of the urinary or cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes or HPV genotypes not included in currently available HPV vaccines. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that urinary HPV testing provides highly satisfactory results for excluding the possibility of any cervical HPV infections, including HPV types not included in vaccines and CIN lesions associated with any HR-HPV, regardless of a woman's age, race, or excess body weight. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2836-2844. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suguna Badiga
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michelle M Chambers
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ilene K Brill
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Roland Matthews
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Edward E Partridge
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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304
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Laprise JF, Markowitz LE, Chesson HW, Drolet M, Brisson M. Comparison of 2-Dose and 3-Dose 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Schedules in the United States: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:685-8. [PMID: 27234416 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent clinical trial using the 9-valent human papillomavirus virus (HPV) vaccine has shown that antibody responses after 2 doses are noninferior to those after 3 doses, suggesting that 2 and 3 doses may have comparable vaccine efficacy. We used an individual-based transmission-dynamic model to compare the population-level effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of 2- and 3-dose schedules of 9-valent HPV vaccine in the United States. Our model predicts that if 2 doses of 9-valent vaccine protect for ≥20 years, the additional benefits of a 3-dose schedule are small as compared to those of 2-dose schedules, and 2-dose schedules are likely much more cost-efficient than 3-dose schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Laprise
- Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Mélanie Drolet
- Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Brisson
- Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Canada Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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305
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Chin RI, Spencer CR, DeWees T, Hwang MY, Patel P, Sinha P, Gay HA, Haughey BH, Nussenbaum B, Adkins DR, Lewis JS, Thorstad WL. Reevaluation of postoperative radiation dose in the management of human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer. Head Neck 2016; 38:1643-1649. [PMID: 27152851 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of patients with p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) before and after an institutional dose reduction policy effective on February 2009. METHODS Between 1998 and 2013, 175 consecutive patients with p16-positive oropharyngeal SCC with extracapsular extension (ECE) and/or close or positive margins were treated postoperatively to 66 Gy (n = 109) or 60 Gy (n = 66) in 2 Gy/fx. RESULTS Between the 66 and 60 Gy groups, there was no difference in tumor classification (pT4 vs pT1-T3; p = .181) and nodal classification (pN2c-N3 vs pN0-N2b; p = .704), and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) group stage (IV vs I-III; p = .473). Median follow-up was 5.9 years overall (66 Gy: 7.4 years; 60 Gy: 4.0 years). There was no difference in locoregional recurrence-free survival (2-year: 98.1% vs 98.5%; p = .421). CONCLUSION This study suggests that treating p16-positive oropharyngeal SCC with ECE and/or close or positive margins with postoperative IMRT to 60 Gy may not compromise locoregional recurrence-free survival compared to 66 Gy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708-1716, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Re-I Chin
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Christopher R Spencer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Todd DeWees
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Pranav Patel
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Parul Sinha
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hiram A Gay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bruce H Haughey
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Surgery, University of Auckland School of Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brian Nussenbaum
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Douglas R Adkins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - James S Lewis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Wade L Thorstad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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306
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Guo T, Eisele DW, Fakhry C. The potential impact of prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccination on oropharyngeal cancer. Cancer 2016; 122:2313-23. [PMID: 27152637 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is significantly increasing in the United States. Given that these epidemiologic trends are driven by human papillomavirus (HPV), the potential impact of prophylactic HPV vaccines on the prevention of OPC is of interest. The primary evidence supporting the approval of current prophylactic HPV vaccines is from large phase 3 clinical trials focused on the prevention of genital disease (cervical and anal cancer, as well as genital warts). These trials reported vaccine efficacy rates of 89% to 98% for the prevention of both premalignant lesions and persistent genital infections. However, these trials were designed before the etiologic relationship between HPV and OPC was established. There are differences in the epidemiology of oral and genital HPV infection, such as differences in age and sex distributions, which suggest that the vaccine efficacy observed in genital cancers may not be directly translatable to the cancers of the oropharynx. Evaluation of vaccine efficacy is challenging in the oropharynx because no premalignant lesion analogous to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in cervical cancer has yet been identified. To truly investigate the efficacy of these vaccines in the oropharynx, additional clinical trials with feasible endpoints are needed. Cancer 2016;122:2313-2323. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David W Eisele
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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307
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Mazzoni SE, Brewer SE, Pyrzanowski JL, Durfee MJ, Dickinson LM, Barnard JG, Dempsey AF, O’Leary ST. Effect of a multi-modal intervention on immunization rates in obstetrics and gynecology clinics. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214:617.e1-7. [PMID: 26627727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing attention on immunizations by obstetrician-gynecologists and a need to improve vaccination rates for all women. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a multimodal intervention on rates of immunization with tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap); human papillomavirus (HPV); and influenza in outpatient obstetrics and gynecology clinics. STUDY DESIGN Immunization rates at 2 clinics were compared pre- and post-implementation of multiple interventions at a public integrated health-care system. Study interventions began on June 6, 2012 and concluded on May 31, 2014; the preimplementation time period used was June 6, 2010 to June 5, 2012. Interventions included stocking of immunizations in clinics, revision and expansion of standing orders, creation of a reminder/recall program, identification of an immunization champion to give direct provider feedback, expansion of a payment assistance program, and staff education. All women aged 15 and older who made a clinic visit during influenza season were included in the influenza cohort; women who delivered an infant during the study time period and had at least 1 prenatal visit within 9 months preceding delivery were included in the Tdap cohort; each clinic visit by a nonpregnant woman aged 15-26 years was assessed and included in the HPV analysis as an eligible visit if the patient was lacking any of the 3 HPV vaccines in the series. The primary outcome was receipt of influenza and Tdap vaccine per current American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines and receipt of HPV vaccine during eligible visits. Influenza and Tdap were assessed with overall coverage rates at the institutional level, and HPV was assessed at the visit level by captured opportunities. All analyses included generalized estimating equations and the primary outcome was assessed with time as a covariate in all models. RESULTS A total of 19,409 observations were included in the influenza cohort (10,231 pre- and 9178 post-intervention), 2741 in the Tdap cohort (1248 pre- and 1493 post-intervention), and 12,443 in the HPV cohort (7966 pre- and 4477 post-intervention). Our population was largely Hispanic, English-speaking, and publicly insured. The rate of influenza vaccination increased from 35.4% pre-intervention to 46.0% post-intervention (P < .001). The overall rate for Tdap vaccination increased from 87.6% pre-intervention to 94.5% post-intervention until the recommendation to vaccinate during each pregnancy was implemented (z = 4.58, P < .0001). The average Tdap up-to-date rate after that recommendation was 75.0% (z = -5.77, P < .0001). The overall rate of HPV vaccination with an eligible visit increased from 7.1% before to 23.7% after the intervention. CONCLUSION Using evidence-based practices largely established in other settings, our intervention was associated with increased rates of influenza, Tdap, and HPV vaccination in outpatient underserved obstetrics and gynecology clinics. Integrating such evidence-based practices into routine obstetrics and gynecology care could positively impact preventive health for many women.
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308
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Varier I, Keeley BR, Krupar R, Patsias A, Dong J, Gupta N, Parasher AK, Genden EM, Miles BA, Teng M, Bakst RL, Gupta V, Misiukiewicz KJ, Chiao EY, Scheurer ME, Laban S, Zhang D, Ye F, Cui M, Demicco EG, Posner MR, Sikora AG. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of oropharyngeal carcinoma related to high-risk non-human papillomavirus16 viral subtypes. Head Neck 2016; 38:1330-7. [PMID: 27080140 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPCs) are associated with HPV genotype 16; however, OPC can be associated with other high-risk non-HPV16 genotypes. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of patients with high-risk non-HPV16 OPC treated at a single tertiary institution. Sociodemographic and clinical information was obtained by chart review. HPV genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Baseline data and outcomes were compared between HPV16 and high-risk non-HPV16 groups. RESULTS High-risk non-HPV16 genotypes accounted for 9% of HPV-related OPC. Of the 27 total high-risk non-HPV16 OPCs, HPV35 was most prevalent (48%). High-risk non-HPV16 OPC presented at a slightly higher age (p = .021) and higher clinical T classification (p = .008) compared to HPV16 OPC, but there was no significant survival difference. CONCLUSION Clinical characteristics of high-risk non-HPV16 OPC were largely consistent with those of HPV16 OPC. Additional multi-institutional studies will be required to demonstrate conclusively that the favorable prognosis of patients with HPV16 applies to all high-risk HPV types. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1330-1337, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Varier
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brieze R Keeley
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Rosemarie Krupar
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexis Patsias
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine, NY, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA
| | - Joanna Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Nikita Gupta
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Arjun K Parasher
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Eric M Genden
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Brett A Miles
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Marita Teng
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Richard L Bakst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Vishal Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Y Chiao
- Department of Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Simon Laban
- Head and Neck Cancer Center Ulm, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - David Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Pathology, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Miao Cui
- Department of Pathology, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | | | - Marshall R Posner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Andrew G Sikora
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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309
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Zou H, Tabrizi SN, Grulich AE, Hocking JS, Garland SM, Bradshaw CS, Cornall AM, Fairley CK, Chen MY. Antibody responses following incident anal and penile infection with human papillomavirus in teenage men who have sex with men. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:639-46. [PMID: 26991809 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal cancer. Few data exist on antibody responses following incident anogenital infection with HPV in teenage MSM. A cohort of 200 MSM aged 16-20 years from Melbourne, Australia were assessed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. At each visit anal and penile swabs were collected for HPV DNA and serum for HPV antibodies for genotypes 6, 11, 16 and 18 (Merck's Multiplex Assays using Luminex). The main outcome, seroconversion, was defined as the detection of HPV antibodies following a negative antibody result for the same HPV type at baseline. The seroincidence rates for HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 were: 19 (95% CI 12-26), 7 (3-12), 4 (1-8) and 6 (3-11) per 100 person-years, respectively. Men who experienced incident anal HPV infections from types 6/11 were significantly more likely to develop serum antibodies to the same HPV type(s) than those who experienced incident anal infections from types 16/18 [73 vs. 18%, odds ratio (OR) = 15, 95% CI: 2-118]. The median time between incident anal HPV infection and seroconversion for HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 was: 91, 38, 161 and 182 days, respectively. Antibody responses against HPV types 6/11 were significantly more likely to occur following incident anal compared with incident penile infection with HPV types 6/11 (OR = 6, 95% CI: 2-21). The likelihood of antibody responses following anogenital HPV infections depends on the HPV type and site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachun Zou
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, SY, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, ME, Australia
| | - Sepehr N Tabrizi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, ME, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Women's Hospital, ME, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, ME, Australia
| | | | - Jane S Hocking
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, ME, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Garland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, ME, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Women's Hospital, ME, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, ME, Australia
| | - Catriona S Bradshaw
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, ME, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, ME, Australia
| | - Alyssa M Cornall
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Women's Hospital, ME, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, ME, Australia
| | - Christopher K Fairley
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, ME, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, ME, Australia
| | - Marcus Y Chen
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, ME, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, ME, Australia
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310
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Xu L, Verdoodt F, Wentzensen N, Bergeron C, Arbyn M. Triage of ASC-H: A meta-analysis of the accuracy of high-risk HPV testing and other markers to detect cervical precancer. Cancer Cytopathol 2016; 124:261-72. [PMID: 26618614 PMCID: PMC4833620 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with a cytological diagnosis of atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) are usually immediately referred for colposcopy. However, triage may reduce the burden of the diagnostic workup and prevent overtreatment. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the accuracy of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing and testing for other molecular markers for the detection of grade 2 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or worse (CIN2+) or grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or worse (CIN3+) in women with ASC-H. An additional question that was assessed was whether triage would be useful in light of the relatively high pretriage probability of underlying precancer. RESULTS The pooled absolute sensitivity and specificity of the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assay for CIN2 + (derived from 19 studies) were 93% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89%-95%) and 45% (95% CI, 41%-50%), respectively. p16(INK4a) staining (only 3 studies) had similar sensitivity (93%; 95% CI, 75%-100%) but superior specificity (specificity ratio, 1.69) to HC2 for CIN2+. Testing for paired box 1 gene methylation (only 1 study) showed a superior specificity of 95% (specificity ratio, 2.08). The average pretest risk was 34% for CIN2 + and 20% for CIN3+. A negative HC2 result decreased this to 8% and 5%, respectively, whereas a positive result upgraded the risk to 47% and 28%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Because of the high probability of precancer with a diagnosis of ASC-H, the utility of triage is limited. The usual recommendation for referring women with ASC-H for colposcopy is not altered by a positive triage test, whatever test is used. A negative hrHPV DNA or p16(INK4a) test may allow repeat testing, but this recommendation will depend on local decision thresholds for referral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xu
- Belgian Cancer Centre/Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Freija Verdoodt
- Belgian Cancer Centre/Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, USA
| | | | - Marc Arbyn
- Belgian Cancer Centre/Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
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311
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Jiang W, Chamberlain PD, Garden AS, Kim BY, Ma D, Lo EJ, Bell D, Gunn GB, Fuller CD, Rosenthal DI, Beadle BM, Frank SJ, Morrison WH, El-Naggar AK, Glisson BS, Sturgis EM, Phan J. Prognostic value of p16 expression in Epstein-Barr virus-positive nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Head Neck 2016; 38 Suppl 1:E1459-66. [PMID: 26560893 PMCID: PMC5903429 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of p16 is associated with improved outcomes among patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma. However, its role in the outcomes of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) remains unclear. METHODS Eighty-six patients with NPC treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center from 2000 to 2014 were identified. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) status were determined by in situ hybridization (ISH) and p16 by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS EBV positivity was associated with extended overall survival (OS; median, 95.0 vs 44.9 months; p < .004), progression-free survival (PFS; median, 80.4 vs 28.1 months; p < .013), and locoregional control (median, 104.4 vs 65.5 months; p < .043). In patients with EBV-positive tumors, p16 overexpression correlated with improved PFS (median, 106.3 vs 27.1 months; p < .02) and locoregional control (median, 93.6 vs 64.5 months; p < .02). CONCLUSION P16 overexpression is associated with improved PFS and locoregional control in patients with EBV-positive NPC. P16 expression may complement EBV status in predicting treatment outcomes for patients with NPC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1459-E1466, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Florida
| | - Paul D. Chamberlain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Florida
| | - Adam S. Garden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Florida
| | | | - Dominic Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Florida
| | - Emily J. Lo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Florida
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Florida
| | - G. Brandon Gunn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Florida
| | - C. David Fuller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Florida
| | - David I. Rosenthal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Florida
| | - Beth M. Beadle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Florida
| | - Steven J. Frank
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Florida
| | - William H. Morrison
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Florida
| | - Adel K. El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Florida
| | - Bonnie S. Glisson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Florida
| | - Erich M. Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Florida
| | - Jack Phan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Florida
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312
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Garden AS, Fuller CD, Rosenthal DI, William WN, Gunn GB, Beadle BM, Johnson FM, Morrison WH, Phan J, Frank SJ, Kies MS, Sturgis EM. Radiation therapy (with or without neck surgery) for phenotypic human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer. Cancer 2016; 122:1702-7. [PMID: 27019396 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Favorable outcomes for human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer have led to interest in identifying a subgroup of patients with the lowest risk of disease recurrence after therapy. De-intensification of therapy for this group may result in survival outcomes that are similar to those associated with current therapy but with less toxicity. To advance this effort, this study analyzed the outcomes of oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with or without systemic therapy. METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated between 1985 and 2012. The criteria for inclusion were ≤10 pack-years of cigarette smoking and stage III/IVA cancer limited to T1-3, N1-N2b, and T3N0 disease. A survival analysis was performed with the primary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS The cohort included 857 patients. Systemic therapy was given to 439 patients (51%). The median survival was 80 months. The 2-year PFS rate was 91%. When the analysis was limited to 324 patients irradiated without systemic therapy, the 2- and 5-year PFS rates were 90% and 85%, respectively. Furthermore, for these 324 patients, the 5-year PFS rates for T1, T2, and T3 disease were 90%, 83%, and 70%, respectively. The 5-year PFS rate for patients treated with systemic therapy for T3 disease was 77% (P = .07). CONCLUSIONS According to the low-risk definition currently established in cooperative trials, the patients had a 2-year PFS rate approximating 90%. When patients who were treated with radiation alone were evaluated, no compromise was observed in this high rate of PFS, which is higher than the 2-year PFS thresholds used in current cooperative trials. Cancer 2016;122:1702-7. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Garden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Clifton D Fuller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David I Rosenthal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - William N William
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gary B Gunn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Beth M Beadle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Faye M Johnson
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - William H Morrison
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jack Phan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven J Frank
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Merrill S Kies
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Erich M Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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313
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Berenson AB, Rahman M, Hirth JM, Rupp RE, Sarpong KO. A brief educational intervention increases providers' human papillomavirus vaccine knowledge. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1331-6. [PMID: 25945895 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1022691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recommendation by a healthcare provider is critical to increase human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake in the US. However, current deficits in providers' knowledge of HPV and its vaccine are not fully understood and interventions to amend knowledge gaps are untested. To determine whether attending a structured presentation could increase provider knowledge of the HPV vaccine, we assessed knowledge levels of physicians, non-physician healthcare workers, and medical students before and after attending a 30-minute lecture held between October 2012 and June 2014. Paired t-test and McNemar's test were used to compare knowledge scores and the proportion of correct responses for each question, respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine correlates of baseline knowledge and change in knowledge scores post-intervention. A total of 427 participants, including 75 physicians, 208 medical students, and 144 nurses or other healthcare workers, attended one of 16 presentations and responded to both pre-test and post-test surveys. Baseline knowledge was low among all groups, with scores higher among older participants and physicians/medical students. On average, knowledge scores significantly improved from 8 to 15 after the presentation (maximum possible score 16) (P < .001), irrespective of specialty, race/ethnicity, gender, and age. Although lower at baseline, knowledge scores of younger participants and non-physician healthcare workers (e.g., nurses, physician assistants (PAs), nursing students) improved the most of all groups. We conclude that a brief, structured presentation increased HPV knowledge among a variety of healthcare workers, even when their baseline knowledge was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey B Berenson
- a Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health; The University of Texas Medical Branch ; Galveston , TX , USA
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314
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Jalilvand S, Saidi M, Shoja Z, Ghavami N, Hamkar R. The prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in Iranian patients with sinonasal inverted papilloma. J Chin Med Assoc 2016; 79:137-40. [PMID: 26782082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcma.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inverted papilloma (IP) is an uncommon disease which arises in the mucosal membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus. It has been proposed that human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causal agent in the pathogenesis of IP and plays a key role in the progression from benign IP to malignancy. As there are no prior studies that focus on an Iranian population, this study intended to characterize the prevalence of HPV types in benign and malignant forms of IP. METHODS In this retrospective study, we included a total of 40 IP patients [37 benign IP and 3 IP/squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)] who were referred to Amiralam Hospital in Tehran from 2004-2006. RESULTS HPV was detected in 18.9% and 100% of IP and IP/SCC cases, respectively. In all HPV positive cases of IP and IP/SCC cases, HPV6/11 and HPV16/18 were detected, respectively. Therefore, HPV types were different between the IP and IP/SCC patients, and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION This study suggests that HPV6 and 11 may be involved in the development of IP, but HPV16 and 18 likely play an important role in the progression from benign to malignant form of IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Saidi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nastaran Ghavami
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasool Hamkar
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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315
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Marzouki HZ, Biron VL, Harris J, O'Connell D, Seikaly H. Human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and anogenital cancers in men: Epidemiologic evaluation of association. Head Neck 2016; 38 Suppl 1:E2100-2. [PMID: 26849535 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible epidemiological association between oropharyngeal carcinoma and anogenital tumors. METHODS Population-based demographic and pathologic data on all male patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and anogenital cancer between 1980 and 2011 in the province of Alberta was collected. The risk of association between anogenital cancers and OPSCCs was estimated. RESULTS Between 1980 and 2011, a total of 2105 male patients were diagnosed with OPSCC and 914 with anogenital cancers. Only 5 patients were diagnosed with both. CONCLUSION In our male population, there was no significant association between anogenital and OPSCCs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2100-E2102, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Z Marzouki
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincent L Biron
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Harris
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel O'Connell
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hadi Seikaly
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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316
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Klapsinou E, Argyri E, Panotopoulou E, Daskalopoulou D, Patsouris E, Nonni A, Lazaris AC, Thomopoulou GH. Bax and Bak expression in cervical smears of women with low-and high-risk HPV types: A study of 120 cases. J Cytol 2016; 32:223-9. [PMID: 26811568 PMCID: PMC4707782 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.171222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to be involved in the carcinogenesis of squamous cells in uterine cervix cancer, mostly by binding and inactivating the p53 and pRb tumor suppressor genes. Lately, evidence has emerged suggesting that HPV oncoproteins may interact with proteins involved in cellular apoptosis as well. AIM This study aimed to investigate the expression of proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak in women with low-risk and high-risk HPV types as opposed to HPV-negative women, and in women with normal pap smear compared to women with abnormal Papanicolau test (Pap) smear. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 liquid-based cervical samples were subtyped for HPV types with microarray hybridization and then stained and evaluated immunocytochemically for Bax and Bak expression. Statistical analysis was performed on the Bax and Bak scores (percentage of positive cells × staining intensity), the overall percentage of positive cells, and the most prevalent staining intensity group found in each sample. RESULTS A weak association between negative Bax staining and cytologically normal Pap smears was discovered, whereas cytologically abnormal samples tended to stain weakly or moderately positive. No other statistically significant difference was found in the other analyzed parameters. CONCLUSION Cytologically normal pap smears seem to have a slight tendency to stain negative for Bax as opposed to cytologically abnormal pap smears. Although the association is weak, it is an indication that there might be a connection between the expression of Bax and the development of cervical intraepithelial dysplasia, which warrants further investigation in larger-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Klapsinou
- Department of Cytology, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center of Athens "Hygeia", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Argyri
- Department of Virology, G Papanicolaou Research Center of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathia Panotopoulou
- Department of Virology, G Papanicolaou Research Center of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Daskalopoulou
- Department of Cytology, Regional Anticancer Oncology Hospital of Athens "St. Savvas", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios Patsouris
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Afroditi Nonni
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas C Lazaris
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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317
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Yar DD, Salifu SP, Darko SN, Annan AA, Gyimah AA, Buabeng KO, Owusu-Dabo E. Genotypic characterisation of human papillomavirus infections among persons living with HIV infection; a case-control study in Kumasi, Ghana. Trop Med Int Health 2015; 21:275-82. [PMID: 26598430 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to describe the burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among women living with HIV and non-infected women in Ghana. METHODS A case-control study was conducted involving 107 women living with HIV aged between 18 and 59 years (cases) and 100 non-HIV-infected apparently healthy women (controls) who were recruited from the Kumasi South Hospital, from July to December, 2014. Cervicovaginal swabs were taken from study participants to characterise 28 high- and low-risk HPV genotypes using a multiplex real-time PCR. RESULTS The overall mean age for the participants was 40.10 ± 9.76 years. The prevalence of high-risk (hr)-HPV genotypes was significantly higher among the cases than the controls (77.4% vs. 41.6%, P < 0.0001). Overall, HPV 58 and 54 were the most predominant high-risk (18.8%) and low-risk (15.0%) genotypes detected. The two most common hr-HPV genotype isolates were 58 (18.8%) and 35 (15.9%) with 58 being the most prevalent among age group 35-44 years compared with hr-HPV 16, 18, 35 and 45, found predominantly among 18-34 age group. CONCLUSIONS Significant variations exist in HPV genotypes among HIV-infected and uninfected women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Dekugmen Yar
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samson Pandam Salifu
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samuel Nkansah Darko
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Augustina Angelina Annan
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Kwame Ohene Buabeng
- Department of Clinical and Social Pharmacy, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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318
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Abstract
The high rate of coverage that has been achieved to date by the Australian government's Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Program has already led to profound reductions in the prevalence of biopsy-confirmed, high-grade abnormalities and of vaccine-preventable HPV types in Australia. Declines in the prevalence of vaccine preventable HPV have occurred not only in vaccinated women but also in unvaccinated women, suggesting a herd-immunity affect. These declines were anticipated on the basis of modelling and were the major drivers for the changes proposed to the Australian National Cervical Screening Program. The federal and state-based Australian governments established a "Renewal Steering Committee," which conducted a literature search and a review of the available evidence to assess its applicability and quality. Together with this information the committee also used modeling to determine the optimal screening pathway for cervical cancer screening and constructed a plan for implementing the changes that will be required to transition from the currently successful screening program to the renewed program. The committee recommended that Australia move to a screening program based on testing every 5 years using an HPV test with partial genotyping with reflex liquid-based cytology (LBC) triage for HPV-vaccinated and unvaccinated women ages 25 to 69 years, and an additional exit test for women up to age 74 years. Primary HPV testing and reflex LBC will be funded by government. Symptomatic women outside the screening program will also be able to access government funded testing. The new screening program, to be rolled out in 2017, will also provide a cost-effective framework for an evaluation of the national HPV vaccination program, enabling ongoing monitoring of HPV genotypes and cervical lesions in screened women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marion Saville
- Victorian Cytology Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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319
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Cruz L, Biryukov J, Conway MJ, Meyers C. Cleavage of the HPV16 Minor Capsid Protein L2 during Virion Morphogenesis Ablates the Requirement for Cellular Furin during De Novo Infection. Viruses 2015; 7:5813-30. [PMID: 26569287 PMCID: PMC4664983 DOI: 10.3390/v7112910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents for the development of cervical cancer. As with other non-enveloped viruses, HPVs are taken up by the cell through endocytosis following primary attachment to the host cell. Through studies using recombinant pseudovirus particles (PsV), many host cellular proteins have been implicated in the process. The proprotein convertase furin has been demonstrated to cleave the minor capsid protein, L2, post-attachment to host cells and is required for infectious entry by HPV16 PsV. In contrast, using biochemical inhibition by a furin inhibitor and furin-negative cells, we show that tissue-derived HPV16 native virus (NV) initiates infection independent of cellular furin. We show that HPV16 L2 is cleaved during virion morphogenesis in differentiated tissue. In addition, HPV45 is also not dependent on cellular furin, but two other alpha papillomaviruses, HPV18 and HPV31, are dependent on the activity of cellular furin for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cruz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Jennifer Biryukov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Michael J Conway
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Craig Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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320
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Yan X, Wang D, Liang F, Fu L, Guo C. HPV16L1-attenuated Shigella recombinant vaccine induced strong vaginal and systemic immune responses in guinea pig model. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:3491-8. [PMID: 25483698 DOI: 10.4161/hv.36084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Though human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines based on L1 virus-like particles (VLPs) have excellent protective effect against HPV-induced cervical cancer, they are too expensive to be afforded by the developing countries, where most cases of cervical cancer occur. A live bacterial-based vaccine could be an inexpensive alternative. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential value of live attenuated Shigella. flexneri 2a sc602 strain-based HPV16L1 as a high-efficiency, low-cost HPV16L1 mucosal vaccine. Recombinant sc602/L1 vaccine induced high L1-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses as well as cell-mediated Th1 and Th2 immune responses in guinea pig model. Sc602/L1 vaccine induced higher L1-specific IgG and IgA antibodies as well as HPV16-neutralizing antibodies in genital region in sc602/L1 mucosal immunized animals than in L1 intramuscular immunized animals. Though both are via mucosal delivery, immunized sc602/L1 vaccine by rectum route induced higher L1-specific IgA and IgG titers in genital region than by conjunctiva route. In addition, sc602/L1 also strongly increased L1-specific IFN-γ and IL-4 expression, implying its effect on cell-mediated immune response. HPV16L1 was expressed in sc602 bacteria and their biologic characteristics were detected by immunoblot, electron microscope and HeLa cell invasion assay. Guinea pigs were immunized with sc602L1 through conjunctiva (i.c.) or rectum (i.r.). Mucosal and systemic immune responses were detected by ELISA, ELISPOT and Neutralization activity assays. Strong mucosal and systemic immune responses were induced by sc602/L1 vaccine. This study provides evidence that sc602/L1 vaccine may have protective effect on HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yan
- a Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology ; Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University ; Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
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321
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Choi JW, Kim Y, Lee JH, Kim YS. The clinical performance of primary HPV screening, primary HPV screening plus cytology cotesting, and cytology alone at a tertiary care hospital. Cancer Cytopathol 2015; 124:144-52. [PMID: 26457676 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Algorithms for primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening, primary HPV screening plus cytology cotesting, and cytology alone were evaluated previously in large cohort trials for cervical cancer detection, although the quality of cytology in those studies was controversial. To investigate whether these 3 algorithms would be applicable in routine practice at a tertiary care hospital, the authors compared their clinical performance. In addition, the prevalence of HPV genotypes was determined. METHODS Cervical cytology samples (n = 1000) were tested using liquid-based cytology (LBC), a nucleic acid hybridization assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, and direct HPV DNA sequencing. The clinical performance of the 3 algorithms was compared among women in different age groups (age range, 17-86 years; median age, 44.7 years). RESULTS For cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN 2+), the sensitivity of primary HPV screening alone, cotesting, and LBC alone was 71.7%, 72.5%, and 63.8%, respectively; whereas the specificity was 87.5%, 96.5%, and 97.4%, respectively. Cotesting and LBC alone had slightly higher positive predictive values for CIN 2 + (97.8% and 98.9%, respectively) than primary HPV screening alone (91%), whereas primary HPV screening alone and cotesting demonstrated higher negative predictive values (63.6% and 62.5%, respectively) than LBC alone (43.2%). High-risk HPV types were detected in 24.3% of individuals. The most common type was HPV type 16 (HPV-16) followed by multiple HPV infections and HPV-58, HPV-52, HPV-31, HPV-35, HPV-51, HPV-39, HPV-56, HPV-33, HPV-18, HPV-59, and HPV-45. CONCLUSIONS Primary HPV screening alone in a tertiary care hospital demonstrated a performance that was equivalent to that of cotesting for CIN 2+, irrespective of patient age. With regard to the distribution of HPV genotypes, the nonavalent HPV vaccine would prevent approximately 60% of high-risk HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Woo Choi
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Younghye Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
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322
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Sun P, Dong L, MacDonald AI, Akbari S, Edward M, Hodgins MB, Johnstone SR, Graham SV. HPV16 E6 Controls the Gap Junction Protein Cx43 in Cervical Tumour Cells. Viruses 2015; 7:5243-56. [PMID: 26445057 PMCID: PMC4632379 DOI: 10.3390/v7102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) causes a range of cancers including cervical and head and neck cancers. HPV E6 oncoprotein binds the cell polarity regulator hDlg (human homologue of Drosophila Discs Large). Previously we showed in vitro, and now in vivo, that hDlg also binds Connexin 43 (Cx43), a major component of gap junctions that mediate intercellular transfer of small molecules. In HPV16-positive non-tumour cervical epithelial cells (W12G) Cx43 localised to the plasma membrane, while in W12T tumour cells derived from these, it relocated with hDlg into the cytoplasm. We now provide evidence that E6 regulates this cytoplasmic pool of Cx43. E6 siRNA depletion in W12T cells resulted in restoration of Cx43 and hDlg trafficking to the cell membrane. In C33a HPV-negative cervical tumour cells expressing HPV16 or 18 E6, Cx43 was located primarily in the cytoplasm, but mutation of the 18E6 C-terminal hDlg binding motif resulted in redistribution of Cx43 to the membrane. The data indicate for the first time that increased cytoplasmic E6 levels associated with malignant progression alter Cx43 trafficking and recycling to the membrane and the E6/hDlg interaction may be involved. This suggests a novel E6-associated mechanism for changes in Cx43 trafficking in cervical tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Feinberg School of Medicine, North Western University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Li Dong
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Alasdair I MacDonald
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Shahrzad Akbari
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Michael Edward
- Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, Scotland, UK.
| | - Malcolm B Hodgins
- Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, Scotland, UK.
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, Scotland, UK.
| | - Sheila V Graham
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
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323
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Lee H, Lee EJ. HPV infection and p16 promoter methylation as predictors of ASC-US/LSIL progression. Cancer Cytopathol 2015; 124:58-65. [PMID: 26335500 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although patients found to have atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) on Papanicolaou (Pap) testing are treated conservatively, 5.2% to 18.8% of them progress to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). The objective of the current study was to identify predictors of progression to HSIL and determine what percentage of ASC-US/LSIL cases harbor cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or higher. METHODS The current study included 381 consecutive cases with ASC-US/LSIL. After the exclusion of 87 cases because of a history of dysplasia or loss to follow-up, 165 cases with follow-up cytology were used to analyze predictive factors of progression to HSIL, and 129 cases that underwent immediate tissue biopsy were subjected to correlation analysis between cytology and histology. Disease regression was defined as a reversion to normal or benign cellular changes, disease persistence as maintenance at ASC-US/LSIL, and disease progression as progression to HSIL. Data regarding clinical parameters were obtained from medical records. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was performed using cytology samples to evaluate methylation of the p16 promoter. RESULTS Of 165 cases, 131 (79.4%) regressed, 23 (13.9%) were persistent, and 11 cases (6.7%) progressed. Human papillomavirus infection was more common in women with disease progression than in those with disease regression or persistence (P = .033). Promoter methylation of p16 in the cytology sample was more common in cases that progressed (5 of 6 cases) than in cases that regressed (0 of 8 cases). Twenty-three of 129 cases (17.8%) were found to harbor cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or higher on immediate tissue biopsy. CONCLUSIONS Human papillomavirus infection and p16 promoter methylation might be valuable surrogate markers of disease progression from ASC-US/LSIL to HSIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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324
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Abstract
The HPV viral lifecycle is tightly linked to the host cell differentiation, causing difficulty in growing virions in culture. A system that bypasses the need for differentiating epithelium has allowed for generation of recombinant particles, such as virus-like particles (VLPs), pseudovirions (PsV), and quasivirions (QV). Much of the research looking at the HPV life cycle, infectivity, and structure has been generated utilizing recombinant particles. While recombinant particles have proven to be invaluable, allowing for a rapid progression of the HPV field, there are some significant differences between recombinant particles and native virions and very few comparative studies using native virions to confirm results are done. This review serves to address the conflicting data in the HPV field regarding native virions and recombinant particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Biryukov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Craig Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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325
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Richardson LA, El-Zein M, Ramanakumar AV, Ratnam S, Sangwa-Lugoma G, Longatto-Filho A, Cardoso MA, Coutlée F, Franco EL. HPV DNA testing with cytology triage in cervical cancer screening: Influence of revealing HPV infection status. Cancer Cytopathol 2015; 123:745-54. [PMID: 26230283 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) status might influence a cytotechnician's assessment of cellular abnormalities. The authors compared original cytotechnicians' Papanicolaou (Pap) readings for which HPV status was concealed with Pap rereads for which HPV status was revealed separately for 3 screening populations. METHODS Previously collected cervical Pap smears and clinical data were obtained from the Canadian Cervical Cancer Screening Trial (study A), the Democratic Republic of Congo Community-Based Screening Study (study B), and the Brazilian Investigation into Nutrition and Cervical Cancer Prevention (study C). Smears were reread with knowledge of HPV status for all HPV-positive women as well as a sample of HPV-negative women. Diagnostic performance of Pap cytology was compared between original readings and rereads. RESULTS A total of 1767 Pap tests were reread. Among 915 rereads for HPV-positive women, the contrast between "revealed" and "concealed" Pap readings demonstrated revisions from negative to positive results for 109 women (cutoff was atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse) and 124 women (cutoff was low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions [LSIL] or worse). For a disease threshold of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or worse, specificity significantly declined at the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance cutoff for studies A (86.6% to 75.3%) and C (42.5% to 15.5%), and at the LSIL cutoff for study C (61.9% to 37.6%). Sensitivity remained nearly unchanged between readings, except in study C, in which reread performance was superior (91.3% vs 71.9% for the LSIL cutoff). CONCLUSIONS A reduction in the diagnostic accuracy of Pap cytology was observed when revealing patients' cervical HPV status, possibly due to a heightened awareness of potential abnormalities, which led to more false-positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay Ann Richardson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariam El-Zein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agnihotram V Ramanakumar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel Ratnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.,Public Health Laboratory, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Ghislain Sangwa-Lugoma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 14, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marly Augusto Cardoso
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francois Coutlée
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Montreal University Medical Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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326
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Naud PS, Roteli-Martins CM, De Carvalho NS, Teixeira JC, de Borba PC, Sanchez N, Zahaf T, Catteau G, Geeraerts B, Descamps D. Sustained efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine: final analysis of a long-term follow-up study up to 9.4 years post-vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:2147-62. [PMID: 25424918 PMCID: PMC4896780 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HPV-023 (NCT00518336; ClinicalTrial.gov) is a long-term follow-up of an initial double-blind, randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled study (HPV-001, NCT00689741) evaluating the efficacy against human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 infection and associated cyto-histopathological abnormalities, persistence of immunogenicity, and safety of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine. Among the women, aged 15-25 years, enrolled in HPV-001 and who participated in the follow-up study HPV-007 (NCT00120848), a subset of 437 women from five Brazilian centers participated in this 36-month long-term follow-up (HPV-023) for a total of 113 months (9.4 years). During HPV-023, anti-HPV-16/18 antibodies were measured annually by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and pseudovirion-based neutralisation assay (PBNA). Cervical samples were tested for HPV DNA every 6 months, and cyto-pathological examinations were performed annually. During HPV-023, no new HPV-16/18-associated infections and cyto-histopathological abnormalities occurred in the vaccine group. Vaccine efficacy (VE) against HPV-16/18 incident infection was 100% (95%CI: 66.1, 100). Over the 113 months (9.4 years), VE was 95.6% (86.2, 99.1; 3/50 cases in vaccine and placebo groups, respectively) against incident infection, 100% (84·1, 100; 0/21) against 6-month persistent infection (PI); 100% (61·4, 100; 0/10) against 12-month PI; 97·1% (82.5, 99.9; 1/30) against ≥ ASC-US; 95·0% (68.0, 99.9; 1/18) against ≥ LSIL; 100% (45.2, 100; 0/8) against CIN1+; and 100% (-128.1, 100; 0/3) against CIN2+ associated with HPV-16/18. All vaccinees remained seropositive to HPV-16/18, with antibody titers remaining several folds above natural infection levels, as measured by ELISA and PBNA. There were no safety concerns. To date, these data represent the longest follow-up reported for a licensed HPV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo S Naud
- a Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Paulo
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327
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Driessen JP, van Bemmel AJM, van Kempen PMW, Janssen LM, Terhaard CHJ, Pameijer FA, Willems SM, Stegeman I, Grolman W, Philippens MEP. Correlation of human papillomavirus status with apparent diffusion coefficient of diffusion-weighted MRI in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E613-8. [PMID: 25783872 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of prognostic patient characteristics in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is of great importance. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive HNSCCs have favorable response to (chemo)radiotherapy. Apparent diffusion coefficient, derived from diffusion-weighted MRI, has also shown to predict treatment response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between HPV status and apparent diffusion coefficient. METHODS Seventy-three patients with histologically proven HNSCC were retrospectively analyzed. Mean pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient was calculated by delineation of total tumor volume on diffusion-weighted MRI. HPV status was analyzed and correlated to apparent diffusion coefficient. RESULTS Six HNSCCs were HPV-positive. HPV-positive HNSCC showed significantly lower apparent diffusion coefficient compared to HPV-negative. This correlation was independent of other patient characteristics. CONCLUSION In HNSCC, positive HPV status correlates with low mean apparent diffusion coefficient. The favorable prognostic value of low pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient might be partially attributed to patients with a positive HPV status. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E613-E618, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette P Driessen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander J M van Bemmel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline M W van Kempen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk M Janssen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris H J Terhaard
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A Pameijer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Stegeman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilko Grolman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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328
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Khunamornpong S, Settakorn J, Sukpan K, Srisomboon J, Intaraphet S, Siriaunkgul S. High performance of combined HPV testing and genotyping for HPV16/18/52/58 in triaging women with minor cervical cytological abnormalities in northern Thailand. J Med Virol 2015; 88:135-43. [PMID: 26129775 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an important cause of cervical cancer. Screening with cytology or combined cytology and HPV testing helps to detect early cervical cancers and precancerous lesions (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse [HSIL+]). Minor cytological abnormalities (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) account for the majority of abnormal cervical cytology results, but only 10-20% of women with minor cytological abnormalities have histologic HSIL+. Triage tests are useful to identify the high-risk patients and reduce the colposcopy burden. This study was aimed to evaluate the triage performance of combined HPV DNA testing and genotyping. Cervical samples from women with minor cytological abnormalities, who underwent colposcopy at Chiang Mai University Hospital in northern Thailand between October 2010 and February 2014, were tested for HPV DNA using Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2). Genotyping was performed using Linear Array assay. Of 223 women with cervical histology confirmation, histologic HSIL+ was detected in 25 women (11.2%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 3 triage methods for histologic HSIL+ were; 100%, 47.5%, 19.4%, and 100% by HC2 only; 40.0%, 88.4%, 30.3%, and 92.1% by combined HC2 and genotypes HPV16/18; and 96.0%, 75.8%, 33.3%, and 99.3% by combined HC2 and genotypes HPV16/18/52/58. Triage using combined HC2 and genotypes HPV16/18/52/58 showed significantly greater area under the receiver operating curve than the other 2 methods (P < 0.001). Combined HPV DNA testing and genotyping for HPV16/18/52/58 is useful for triaging women with minor cervical cytological abnormalities in northern Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surapan Khunamornpong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jongkolnee Settakorn
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kornkanok Sukpan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jatupol Srisomboon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Sumalee Siriaunkgul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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329
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Umbreit C, Erben P, Faber A, Hofheinz RD, Aderhold C, Weiss C, Hoermann K, Wenzel A, Schultz JD. MMP9, Cyclin D1 and β-Catenin Are Useful Markers of p16-positive Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Therapeutic EGFR Inhibition In Vitro. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:3801-3810. [PMID: 26124325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM In the United States 53,640 new cases of head and neck cancer were estimated in 2013. Over 95% of these cases were evaluated as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). At present, smoking, drinking alcohol, chewing betel and infection with high-risk types of human papilloma virus (HPV) are classified as risk factors of oropharyngeal squamous cancer cell carcinoma (OPSCC). It could be suggested that patients with HPV-positive OPSCC have a better response to chemoradiotherapy than patients without. In many studies, there was observed an inverse correlation between epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and HPV status in p16-positive SCC. Therefore, it is of great clinical interest to specify the phenotype of cancer cells in order to further individualize treatment modalities. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression pattern of specific markers in p16-positive SCC cells after stimulation with lapatinib and gefitinib. MATERIALS AND METHODS We incubated p16-positive CERV196 cells with lapatinib and gefitinib (2 μg/ml) and after 5, 24 and 96 h determined E-cadherin, vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), cyclin D1 and β-catenin by immunocytochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS We found an increase of E-cadherin and a decrease of vimentin in unstimulated cells. We detected an alteration of expression of vimentin and E-cadherin level after treatment with lapatinib and gefitinib. We demonstrated a statistically significant lapatinib- and gefitinib-induced repression of cyclin D1, MMP9 and β-catenin in CERV196 cells dependent on incubation time. CONCLUSION Cyclin D1 and MMP9 expression profiles may represent an early measure of sensitivity and level of response to lapatinib and gefitinib. The presented cell culture model is, therefore, well-suited for further study of epigenetic regulation of molecular targeted-therapy by EGFR inhibition and prevention of mesenchymal transition in p16-positive SCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Umbreit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Faber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ralf-Dieter Hofheinz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Aderhold
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christel Weiss
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Biometry, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karl Hoermann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Angela Wenzel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes David Schultz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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330
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Hong A, Lee CS, Jones D, Veillard AS, Zhang M, Zhang X, Smee R, Corry J, Porceddu S, Milross C, Elliott M, Clark J, Rose B. Rising prevalence of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer in Australia over the last 2 decades. Head Neck 2015; 38:743-50. [PMID: 25521312 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study provides Australian data on the characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) over the last 2 decades. METHODS The HPV status of 515 patients with oropharyngeal SCC diagnosed between 1987 and 2010 was determined by HPV E6-targeted multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) and p16 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The HPV positivity rate increased from 20.2% (1987-1995) to 63.5% (2006-2010). Among HPV-positive oropharyngeal SCC over the study period, the median age increased from 55.4 years to 59.8 years (p = .004) and there was a trend of an increasing proportion of never smokers (19.2% to 34.0%). The use of radiation therapy (RT) in patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer increased from 26.9% to 68.1% (p = .007) and we also observed a trend of improved outcomes. CONCLUSION Our data show a rising prevalence of HPV-positive oropharyngeal SCC in Australia over the last 2 decades. These patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal SCC are now presenting at an older age and about one third have never smoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Hong
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Soon Lee
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deanna Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne-Sophie Veillard
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mei Zhang
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Smee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - June Corry
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandro Porceddu
- Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher Milross
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Elliott
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Clark
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barbara Rose
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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331
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Hariri S, Johnson ML, Bennett NM, Bauer HM, Park IU, Schafer S, Niccolai LM, Unger ER, Markowitz LE. Population-based trends in high-grade cervical lesions in the early human papillomavirus vaccine era in the United States. Cancer 2015; 121:2775-81. [PMID: 26098295 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2, 3, and adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2+) lesions can be monitored as early indicators of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine impact. Changes to screening utilization will affect observed reductions in CIN2+ rates and complicate the interpretation of vaccine impact. METHODS From 2008 to 2012, 9119 cases of CIN2+ among 18- to 39-year-old residents of catchment areas in California, Connecticut, New York, and Oregon were reported to the HPV-IMPACT Project, a sentinel system for monitoring the population impact of HPV vaccine. Age-stratified CIN2+ incidence rates were calculated for each catchment. Annual cervical screening was estimated for California, New York, and Oregon catchments with administrative and survey data. The Cochran-Armitage test was used to examine trends. RESULTS From 2008 to 2012, the incidence of CIN2+ significantly decreased among 18- to 20-year-olds (California, from 94 to 5 per 100,000 women; Connecticut, from 450 to 57 per 100,000 women; New York, from 299 to 43 per 100,000 women; and Oregon, from 202 to 37 per 100,000 women; Ptrend < .0001) and among 21- to 29-year-olds in Connecticut (from 762 to 589 per 100,000 women) and New York (from 770 to 465 per 100,000 women; Ptrend < .001); rates did not differ among 30- to 39-year-olds. During the same period, screening rates also declined, with the largest decreases among 18- to 20-year-olds (from 67% in Oregon to 88% in California) and with smaller declines among 21- to 29-year-olds (13%-27%) and 30- to 39-year-olds (3%-21%). CONCLUSIONS The declines in CIN2+ detection in young women were likely due to reduced screening but could also reflect the impact of vaccination. These data illustrate challenges in interpreting CIN2+ ecologic trends in the new era of cervical cancer prevention and emphasize the importance of information such as HPV types detected in lesions to assess the impact of HPV vaccine on cervical precancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hariri
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michelle L Johnson
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nancy M Bennett
- Center for Community Health and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Heidi M Bauer
- STD Control Branch, HIV/STD/TB Program, Center for Public Health Practice, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
| | - Ina U Park
- STD Control Branch, HIV/STD/TB Program, Center for Public Health Practice, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
| | - Sean Schafer
- HIV/STD/TB Program, Center for Public Health Practice, Oregon Public Health Division, Portland, Oregon
| | - Linda M Niccolai
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elizabeth R Unger
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lauri E Markowitz
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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332
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Dahlstrom KR, Li G, Hussey CS, Vo JT, Wei Q, Zhao C, Sturgis EM. Circulating human papillomavirus DNA as a marker for disease extent and recurrence among patients with oropharyngeal cancer. Cancer 2015; 121:3455-64. [PMID: 26094818 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating Epstein-Barr virus DNA is a predictor of disease recurrence in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Circulating human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA has been detected in the sera of some patients with HPV-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPC). The goal of the current study was to determine whether pretreatment serum HPV DNA is a useful biomarker for disease recurrence in patients with HPV-positive OPC. METHODS The study included patients with newly diagnosed, previously untreated OPC. Tumor HPV status was determined by polymerase chain reaction; serum HPV DNA was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Differences in clinical characteristics between patients who were positive and negative for pretreatment serum HPV DNA were described using standard descriptive statistical methods. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated and log-rank tests were used to detect statistically significant differences in progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS A total of 262 patients were included. Patients with high N category and those with TNM stage IV disease were found to have higher rates of detectable pretreatment serum HPV DNA. Patients with HPV-positive tumors had better PFS than patients with HPV-negative tumors. Among patients with HPV-positive tumors, those who were negative for pretreatment serum HPV DNA had better PFS than those who were positive for pretreatment serum HPV DNA, but this result was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment serum HPV DNA was associated with higher N category and overall disease stage. However, pretreatment serum HPV DNA does not appear to have clinical usefulness as a marker for disease recurrence among patients with OPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina R Dahlstrom
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Caroline S Hussey
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jenny T Vo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Erich M Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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333
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Tomar S, Graves CA, Altomare D, Kowli S, Kassler S, Sutkowski N, Gillespie MB, Creek KE, Pirisi L. Human papillomavirus status and gene expression profiles of oropharyngeal and oral cancers from European American and African American patients. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E694-704. [PMID: 25899179 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disparities in prevalence, human papillomavirus (HPV) status, and mortality rates for head and neck cancer have been described between African American and European American patients. METHODS We studied the HPV status and gene expression profiles in 56 oropharyngeal/oral cavity tumors and 9 normal tissue samples from European American and African American patients treated in South Carolina between 2010 and 2012. RESULTS Overall, 59% of tumors were HPV DNA-positive, but only 48% of those expressed E7 mRNA (HPV-active). The prevalence of HPV-active tumors was 10% in African American patients and 39% in European American patients. Tumors positive for HPV DNA but negative for HPV mRNA exhibited gene expression profiles distinct from those of both HPV-active and HPV-negative cancers, suggesting that HPV DNA-positive/RNA-negative tumors may constitute a unique group. CONCLUSION This study provides a direct assessment of differential expression patterns in HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer arising from African American and European American patients, for which there is a paucity of data. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 00: 000-000, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Tomar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Christian A Graves
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Diego Altomare
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Sangeeta Kowli
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Susannah Kassler
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Natalie Sutkowski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - M Boyd Gillespie
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kim E Creek
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Lucia Pirisi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
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334
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Chockalingam R, Downing C, Tyring SK. Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Organ Transplant Recipients. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1229-39. [PMID: 26239556 PMCID: PMC4484997 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4061229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers represent a major cause of morbidity after organ transplantation. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are the most common cutaneous malignancies seen in this population, with a 65–100 fold greater incidence in organ transplant recipients compared to the general population. In recent years, human papillomaviruses (HPV) of the beta genus have been implicated in the pathogenesis of post-transplant SCCs. The underlying mechanism of carcinogenesis has been attributed to the E6 and E7 proteins of HPV. Specific immunosuppressive medications, such as the calcineurin inhibitors and azathioprine, are associated with a higher incidence of post-transplant SCCs compared to other immunosuppressive agents. Compared to other immunosuppressives, mTOR inhibitors and mycophenolate mofetil have been associated with a decreased risk of developing post-transplant non-melanoma skin cancers. As a result, they may represent ideal immunosuppressive medications in organ transplant recipients. Treatment options for post-transplant SCCs include surgical excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, systemic retinoid therapy, adjunct topical therapy, electrodessication and curettage, and radiation therapy. This review will discuss the epidemiology, risk factors, and management options of post-transplant SCCs. In addition, the underlying mechanisms of beta-HPV mediated carcinogenesis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Chockalingam
- Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | - Stephen K Tyring
- Center for Clinical Studies, 1401 Binz, Suite 200, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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335
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Ludmir EB, Stephens SJ, Palta M, Willett CG, Czito BG. Human papillomavirus tumor infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 6:287-95. [PMID: 26029456 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2015.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been recognized for over three decades. Recently, multiple meta-analyses have drawn upon existing literature to assess the strength of the HPV-ESCC linkage. Here, we review these analyses and attempt to provide a clinically-relevant overview of HPV infection in ESCC. HPV-ESCC detection rates are highly variable across studies. Geographic location likely accounts for a majority of the variation in HPV prevalence, with high-incidence regions including Asia reporting significantly higher HPV-ESCC infection rates compared with low-incidence regions such as Europe, North America, and Oceania. Based on our examination of existing data, the current literature does not support the notion that HPV is a prominent carcinogen in ESCC. We conclude that there is no basis to change the current clinical approach to ESCC patients with respect to tumor HPV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan B Ludmir
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sarah J Stephens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Manisha Palta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher G Willett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brian G Czito
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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336
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Dodd RH, Marlow LAV, Waller J. Discussing a diagnosis of human papillomavirus oropharyngeal cancer with patients: An exploratory qualitative study of health professionals. Head Neck 2015; 38:394-401. [PMID: 25351993 PMCID: PMC5032980 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (SCC) has now been well established. Clinicians' experiences and challenges of talking to patients about HPV have yet to be explored. Methods Fifteen health professionals caring for patients with oropharyngeal SCC were interviewed. Interviews were analyzed thematically. Results Participants expressed mixed views about explaining the causal role of HPV to their patients. Normalizing HPV and emphasizing the positive prognosis associated with it were regarded as key messages to be communicated. Challenging experiences included managing couples in a consultation and patients' concerns about transmitting HPV to their partners. Some participants described limitations to their HPV knowledge and identified the need for further information and training. Conclusion This study identified challenges experienced by health professionals working with patients with oropharyngeal SCC and highlights some key messages to convey to patients. Clinical guidance for health professionals and further information for patients about HPV‐positive oropharyngeal SCC are needed. © 2015 The Authors Head & Neck Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 394–401, 2016
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael H Dodd
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Cancer Research United Kingdom Health Behaviour Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura A V Marlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Cancer Research United Kingdom Health Behaviour Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Waller
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Cancer Research United Kingdom Health Behaviour Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
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337
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Zheng B, Li Z, Griffith CC, Yan S, Chen C, Ding X, Liang X, Yang H, Zhao C. Prior high-risk HPV testing and Pap test results for 427 invasive cervical cancers in China's largest CAP-certified laboratory. Cancer Cytopathol 2015; 123:428-34. [PMID: 25954852 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer and its precursor lesions are caused by a persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection. hrHPV testing has been reported to have higher sensitivity than Papanicolaou (Pap) testing for the detection of cervical precursor lesions. However, limited data are available for prior human papillomavirus (HPV) testing results for patients later diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer, especially in countries lacking a national cervical cancer screening program such as China. This study investigated prior hrHPV testing results for patients with invasive cervical cancer in China. METHODS Cases with a histologic diagnosis of invasive cervical carcinoma were retrieved from Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics (the largest independent pathology laboratory in China); prior hrHPV and Pap test results obtained within the year before the cancer diagnosis were recorded. RESULTS HPV testing was negative in 7.5% of 427 cases of invasive cervical carcinoma, including squamous cell carcinoma (5%) and adenocarcinoma (25%). In 155 cervical cancer cases with prior hrHPV and Pap testing, the negative rate for Pap testing was 1.9%, and the negative rate for HPV was 9.7%. Furthermore, when only cases of adenocarcinoma (n = 18) were examined, both the hrHPV-negative rate and the Pap-negative rate were higher at 33% and 5.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate a considerable prior hrHPV-negative rate and a lower prior Pap-negative rate in patients with invasive cervical carcinoma (especially adenocarcinoma) from a population of women without access to an established screening program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowen Zheng
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christopher C Griffith
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shanshan Yan
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Congde Chen
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoman Liang
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaitao Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Chengquan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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338
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Lyons YA, Kamat AA, Zhou H, Mody DR, Schwartz MR, Hobday C, Ge Y. Non-16/18 high-risk HPV infection predicts disease persistence and progression in women with an initial interpretation of LSIL. Cancer Cytopathol 2015; 123:435-42. [PMID: 25903015 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current management strategy for women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) is inefficient and expensive because of the inability to identify patients at high risk for disease progression. The current study was designed to determine the genotypic patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated with the persistence and progression of cervical lesions in women with an initial interpretation of LSIL. METHODS One hundred sixty-seven women with LSIL on Papanicolaou tests collected between December 1, 2009 and March 30, 2011 were studied. HPV DNA was extracted from residual SurePath specimens, genotypes were determined with a DNA microarray containing 40 HPV genotype probes, and microarray data were confirmed by sequencing. Follow-up Papanicolaou tests and/or biopsies were performed within a 20- to 46-month period after the initial diagnosis. RESULTS Ninety-seven of the 167 cases with follow-up results were included in the study. Compared with the women with a regressed cervical lesion, those with a persistent cervical lesion (PCL) were significantly more commonly infected with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes (P < .01) and particularly with non-16/18 HR-HPV genotypes (P < .05). The PCL group also had a significantly higher average number of HR-HPV genotypes and non-16/18 HPV genotypes per specimen (P < .01). Infection with HPV-16/18 genotypes was not significantly associated with the persistence or progression of cervical lesions. CONCLUSIONS Infection with non-16/18 HR-HPV genotypes but not with HPV-16/18 genotypes was a strong predictor of the persistence and progression of cervical disease upon follow-up. Genotyping solely for HPV-16/18 would miss the majority of patients with LSIL who progress to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Pooled HR-HPV tests provide a better predictive value than HPV-16/18 genotyping alone in guiding the clinical management of patients with LSIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Lyons
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Aparna A Kamat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Haijun Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Dina R Mody
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary R Schwartz
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher Hobday
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Yimin Ge
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
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339
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Bergeron C, Ikenberg H, Sideri M, Denton K, Bogers J, Schmidt D, Alameda F, Keller T, Rehm S, Ridder R. Prospective evaluation of p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology for managing women with abnormal Papanicolaou cytology: PALMS study results. Cancer Cytopathol 2015; 123:373-81. [PMID: 25891096 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testing for the presence of the human papillomavirus (HPV) is widely accepted for triaging Papanicolaou cytology results categorized as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US). In contrast, HPV testing has limited use in triaging cytological low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) due to prevalence rates of typically >80%. In the current study, the authors assessed the diagnostic performance of p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology in triaging ASC-US and LSIL cases within the prospective, multicentric Primary ASC-US LSIL Marker Study (PALMS). METHODS A total of 575 ASC-US cases and 529 LSIL cases from a cohort of 27,349 women who were prospectively enrolled into the PALMS study in 5 European countries were tested with p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology and Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) HPV testing. Colposcopy-guided biopsy results of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) were used as clinical endpoints. RESULTS p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology demonstrated comparable (ASC-US: 94.4% for dual-stained cytology vs 100% for HC2 testing; P = .317) or lower (LSIL: 85.7% for dual-stained cytology vs 98.4% for HC2 testing; P = .005) sensitivity for CIN2+, but higher levels of specificity compared with HC2 HPV testing in both ASC-US (78.7% vs 60.4%; P<.001) and LSIL (53.3% vs 15.6%; P<.001) cases. Positive predictive values for CIN2+ were substantially higher for dual-stained cytology versus HC2 HPV testing, especially in LSIL, and in ASC-US cases for women aged <30 years. CONCLUSIONS The clinical usefulness and efficiency of triaging women with ASC-US or LSIL Papanicolaou cytology results by p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology testing has been confirmed in this prospective, pan-European study. The high positive predictive value of dual-stained cytology for the presence of high-grade CIN may help to reduce the number of unnecessary colposcopy referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karin Denton
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Bogers
- Algemeen Medisch Laboratorium BVBA, Sonic Healthcare, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Francisco Alameda
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Ruediger Ridder
- Roche mtm laboratories, Mannheim, Germany.,Ventana Medical Systems Inc, Tucson, Arizona
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340
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Kaczmar JM, Tan KS, Heitjan DF, Lin A, Ahn PH, Newman JG, Rassekh CH, Chalian AA, O'Malley BW, Cohen RB, Weinstein GS. HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer: Risk factors for treatment failure in patients managed with primary transoral robotic surgery. Head Neck 2015; 38:59-65. [PMID: 25197014 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine clinical factors that predict locoregional recurrence or distant metastasis in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal cancer treated with surgery and guideline-indicated adjuvant therapy. METHODS We identified all presumed HPV-positive patients with oropharyngeal cancer in our health system from January 2010 to August 2012 treated with surgery and guideline-indicated adjuvant therapy. Statistical analysis was performed to identify clinical predictors associated with treatment failure. RESULTS One hundred fourteen p16+ oropharyngeal cancers managed with initial surgical resection were identified. Median follow-up was 17 months. Two-year locoregional failure was 3.3% and distant failure was 8.4%. Statistical analysis found that conventional poor prognostic features did not predict treatment failure. CONCLUSION Locoregional recurrence and development of distant metastatic disease are uncommon in patients who are appropriately selected for surgical management of p16+ oropharyngeal cancer regardless of the presence or absence of conventional poor prognostic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Kaczmar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center/Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kay See Tan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel F Heitjan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter H Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason G Newman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher H Rassekh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ara A Chalian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roger B Cohen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory S Weinstein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Rahman M, Laz TH, McGrath CJ, Berenson AB. Provider recommendation mediates the relationship between parental human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine awareness and HPV vaccine initiation and completion among 13- to 17-year-old U.S. adolescent children. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2015; 54:371-5. [PMID: 25238779 PMCID: PMC4366339 DOI: 10.1177/0009922814551135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between parental human papillomavirus (HPV) awareness and HPV vaccine initiation/completion based on 13- to 17-year-old US adolescent children and to explore whether these associations were mediated by provider recommendation. METHODS We used publicly available National Immunization Survey-Teen 2011 data (11 236 adolescent girls and 12 328 boys). RESULTS Weighted logistic regression analysis showed that parental HPV awareness and provider recommendation predicted HPV vaccine initiation and completion separately among both girls and boys, after adjusting for demographic and health care use variables. When provider recommendation and parental HPV awareness were entered in the model simultaneously, only provider recommendation was independently associated with HPV vaccine initiation and completion, demonstrating a mediation effect of provider recommendation. CONCLUSIONS Future studies are needed to better understand why physicians may not provide a recommendation for the HPV vaccine as well as to identify strategies to improve providers' ability to effectively communicate their recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubur Rahman
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
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Louvanto K, Franco EL, Ramanakumar AV, Vasiljević N, Scibior-Bentkowska D, Koushik A, Cuzick J, Coutlée F, Lorincz AT. Methylation of viral and host genes and severity of cervical lesions associated with human papillomavirus type 16. Int J Cancer 2015; 136:E638-45. [PMID: 25203794 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylation of human papillomavirus (HPV) and host genes may predict cervical cancer risk. We examined the methylation status of selected sites in HPV16 and human genes in DNA extracted from exfoliated cervical cell samples of 244 women harboring HPV16-positive cancer or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM). We quantified the methylation of CpG sites in the HPV16 L1 gene (CpG 6367 and 6389) and in the human genes EPB41L3 (CpG 438, 427, 425) and LMX1 (CpG 260, 262, 266, 274) following bisulfite treatment and pyrosequencing. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the diagnostic utility of methylation level for the different sites and for a joint predictor score. Methylation in all sites significantly increased with lesion severity (p < 0.0001). Area under the curve (AUC) was highest among the CIN2/3 vs. cancer ranging from 0.786 to 0.853 among the different sites. Site-specific methylation levels strongly discriminated CIN2/3 from NILM/CIN1 and cancer from CIN2/3 (range of odds ratios [OR]: 3.69-12.76, range of lower 95% confidence bounds: 1.03-4.01). When methylation levels were mutually adjusted for each other EPB41L3 was the only independent predictor of CIN2/3 vs. NILM/CIN1 contrasts (OR = 9.94, 95%CI: 2.46-40.27). High methylation levels of viral and host genes are common among precancerous and cancer lesions and can serve as independent risk biomarkers. Methylation of host genes LMX1 and EPB41L3 and of the viral HPV16 L1 sites has the potential to distinguish among precancerous lesions and to distinguish the latter from invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Louvanto
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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343
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Reuschenbach M, Huebbers CU, Prigge ES, Bermejo JL, Kalteis MS, Preuss SF, Seuthe IMC, Kolligs J, Speel EJM, Olthof N, Kremer B, Wagner S, Klussmann JP, Vinokurova S, von Knebel Doeberitz M. Methylation status of HPV16 E2-binding sites classifies subtypes of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers. Cancer 2015; 121:1966-76. [PMID: 25731880 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human papillomavirus (HPV) E2 protein is a transcriptional repressor of the oncogenes E6/E7 and loss of E2 function is considered a key step in carcinogenesis. Integration of HPV into the host genome may disrupt the E2 gene. Furthermore, methylation of CpG dinucleotides in E2-binding sites (E2BSs) in the HPV upstream regulatory region may interfere with transcriptional repression of E6 and E7 by E2. The authors hypothesized that the CpG methylation status of E2BS identifies subtypes of HPV type 16 (HPV16)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers (OPSCC) in association with E2 gene integrity and viral integration. METHODS Methylation of 10 CpG dinucleotides within the upstream regulatory region, encompassing E2BSs 1, 2, 3, and 4, was quantitatively analyzed by bisulfite pyrosequencing in 57 HPV16-associated OPSCC cases. E2 status was analyzed by gene amplification and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Viral integration was determined by integration-specific polymerase chain reaction methods. RESULTS Three subgroups with differential methylation at E2BS3 and E2BS 4 were identified: 1) complete methylation (>80%) associated with the presence of integrated HPV genomes with an intact E2 gene; 2) intermediate methylation levels (20%-80%) with predominantly episomal HPV genomes with intact E2; and 3) no methylation (<20%) with a disrupted E2 gene. Patients with high methylation levels tended to have a worse 5-year overall survival compared with patients with intermediate methylation (hazard ratio, 3.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-9.24 [P = .06]). CONCLUSIONS Methylation of E2BS3 and E2BS4 in OPSCC is associated with E2 integrity and viral physical status. It might explain deregulated viral oncogene expression in the presence of E2. The prognostic significance of E2BS methylation for patients with HPV-associated OPSCC needs to be analyzed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Reuschenbach
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian U Huebbers
- Jean-Uhrmacher Institute for Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Research, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena-Sophie Prigge
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justo Lorenzo Bermejo
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin S Kalteis
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon F Preuss
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Inga M C Seuthe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jutta Kolligs
- Jean-Uhrmacher Institute for Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Research, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ernst-Jan M Speel
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine Olthof
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Steffen Wagner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jens P Klussmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Svetlana Vinokurova
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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344
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Zhong P, Li J, Gu Y, Liu Y, Wang A, Sun Y, Lu L. P16 and Ki-67 expression improves the diagnostic accuracy of cervical lesions but not predict persistent high risk human papillomavirus infection with CIN1. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:2979-2986. [PMID: 26045807 PMCID: PMC4440116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between the expression of p16 and Ki-67 and cervical lesions, and to evaluate the role of p16 and Ki-67 as prognostic markers for persistent high risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection. METHODS Totally 1,154 cases of cervical biopsies were enrolled, 331 cases with negative for dysplasia (NEG), 462 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1), 176 with CIN2, 163 with CIN3 and 22 with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Furthermore, 283 women with CIN1 were recruited into 12-month follow-up, and HPV specific gene detection by polymerase chain reaction was used to detect hr-HPV of cervical secretions at 6-month-interval for 12-month follow-up period. 40 women were infected with persistent hr-HPV, 182 with transient infection and 61 unfected with hr-HPV. The expression of p16 and Ki-67 were evaluated by immunohistochemical method. The immunostaining results of p16 and Ki-67 were classified into four categories: negative, 1+, 2+ and 3+. RESULTS There was significant increase in the expression of p16 (P<0.001) and Ki-67 (P<0.001) from NEG to SCC. The expression of Ki-67 (P<0.001) but not p16 (P=0.254) significantly increased in CIN2, CIN3. Ratio of p16 (P=0.215) and Ki-67 (P=0.495) positivity were not correlated with persistent hr-HPV infection. CONCLUSION P16 and Ki-67 can improve the diagnostic accuracy of cervical lesions but can not predict persistent hr-HPV infection with CIN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Haidian Maternal & Child Health HospitalBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Jifeng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Gu
- Department of Pathology, Haidian Maternal & Child Health HospitalBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Aichun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Haidian Maternal & Child Health HospitalBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Department of Pathology, Haidian Maternal & Child Health HospitalBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Haidian Maternal & Child Health HospitalBeijing, P. R. China
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345
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Muller K, Kazimiroff J, Fatahzadeh M, Smith RV, Wiltz M, Polanco J, Grossberg RM, Belbin TJ, Strickler HD, Burk RD, Schlecht NF. Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection and Oral Lesions in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Dental Patients. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:760-8. [PMID: 25681375 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the risk factors associated with oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and oral lesions in 161 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and 128 HIV-negative patients presenting for oral examination at 2 urban healthcare centers. Patients were interviewed on risk factors and provided oral-rinse samples for HPV DNA typing by polymerase chain reaction. Statistical associations were assessed by logistic regression. Oral HPV was prevalent in 32% and 16% of HIV-positive patients and HIV-negative patients, respectively, including high-risk HPV type 16 (8% and 2%, respectively; P = .049) and uncommon HPV types 32/42 (6% and 5%, respectively; P = .715). Among HIV-negative patients, significant risk factors for oral HPV included multiple sex partners (≥21 vs ≤5; odds ratio [OR], 9.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-49.3), heavy tobacco smoking (>20 pack-years vs none; OR, 9.2; 95% CI, 1.4-59.4), and marijuana use (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.3-12.4). Among HIV-positive patients, lower CD4(+) T-cell count only was associated with oral HPV detection (≤200 vs ≥500 cells/mm(3); OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.3-15.5). Detection of high-risk HPV was also associated with concurrent detection of potentially cancerous oral lesions among HIV-negative patients but not among HIV-positive patients. The observed risk factor associations with oral HPV in HIV-negative patients are consistent with sexual transmission and local immunity, whereas in HIV-positive patients, oral HPV detection is strongly associated with low CD4(+) T-cell counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Muller
- Department of Oral Health and Society, McGill Dentistry, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Mahnaz Fatahzadeh
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Richard V Smith
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department of Pathology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert D Burk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics Department of Microbiology and Immunology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Nicolas F Schlecht
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine Department of Epidemiology and Population Health
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346
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Reusser NM, Downing C, Guidry J, Tyring SK. HPV Carcinomas in Immunocompromised Patients. J Clin Med 2015; 4:260-81. [PMID: 26239127 PMCID: PMC4470124 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease worldwide and can result in pre-malignancies or overt malignancies of the skin and mucosal surfaces. HPV-related illnesses are an important personal and public health problem causing physical, mental, sexual and financial detriments. Moreover, this set of malignancies severely affects the immunosuppressed population, particularly HIV-positive patients and organ-transplant recipients. There is growing incidence of HPV-associated anogenital malignancies as well as a decrease in the average age of affected patients, likely related to the rising number of high-risk individuals. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of HPV-related malignancy. Current treatment options for HPV infection and subsequent disease manifestations include imiquimod, retinoids, intralesional bleomycin, and cidofovir; however, primary prevention with HPV vaccination remains the most effective strategy. This review will discuss anogenital lesions in immunocompromised patients, cutaneous warts at nongenital sites, the association of HPV with skin cancer in immunocompromised patients, warts and carcinomas in organ-transplant patients, HIV-positive patients with HPV infections, and the management of cutaneous disease in the immunocompromised patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Reusser
- Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | - Jacqueline Guidry
- Center for Clinical Studies, 1401 Binz, Suite 200, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
| | - Stephen K Tyring
- Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1401 Binz, Suite 200, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
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347
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Lee HY, Kwon M, Vang S, DeWolfe J, Kim NK, Lee DK, Yeung M. Disparities in Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Literacy and Vaccine Completion Among Asian American Pacific Islander Undergraduates: Implications for Cancer Health Equity. J Am Coll Health 2015; 63:316-323. [PMID: 25836058 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2015.1031237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low rates of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among young Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) women need to be addressed, particularly given the high incidence of cervical cancer in this population. The current study aims to investigate predictors of HPV vaccination in young AAPI and non-Latina white (NLW) women. METHODS A secondary data analysis was conducted of a health survey administered to college-aged women (N = 2,270) at a large public university in the Midwest. Andersen's behavioral model of health services utilization guided the study theoretically, and hierarchical logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate research aim. RESULTS NLW women had a significantly higher rate of vaccine completion than AAPI women (NLW = 60.7%; AAPI = 38.6%). NLW women also scored higher on all 5 measures of HPV vaccine literacy than AAPI women. Both groups of undergraduate women reported that increasing age, knowledge about HPV, greater use of gynecological services, and knowing someone who had cancer were significant factors related to HPV vaccination completion. In the NLW group, father's income was also found to be a predictor of HPV vaccination completion. CONCLUSIONS Rate and predictors of HPV vaccination completion vary between NLW and AAPI women. Greater promotion of HPV literacy and gynecological service use should be made to young AAPI women to increase their HPV uptake. Further research should examine sociocultural factors that could hinder or promote HPV vaccination in young AAPI women.
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348
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Linxweiler M, Bochen F, Wemmert S, Lerner C, Hasenfus A, Bohle RM, Al-Kadah B, Takacs ZF, Smola S, Schick B. Combination of p16(INK4a) /Ki67 immunocytology and HPV polymerase chain reaction for the noninvasive analysis of HPV involvement in head and neck cancer. Cancer Cytopathol 2014; 123:219-29. [PMID: 25557267 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been identified as a relevant risk for the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). As HPV status has also gained a role as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for this entity, there is a growing demand for valid HPV testing in HNSCC patients METHODS Liquid-based cytological smears from 45 HNSCC and 20 control patients were collected and used for simultaneous immunocytochemical p16(INK4a) /Ki67 staining using a CINtec PLUS kit after the presence of tumor cells was verified in a Papanicolaou-stained slide. The same cytological suspension was used for the detection of HPV DNA by specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Tumor cells were detected in the swab material of 44 HNSCC patients corresponding to a sensitivity of 98% (44 of 45). PCR analysis revealed the presence of HPV DNA in the cytological suspension of 13 patients (13 of 65, 20%) with simultaneous p16(INK4a) /Ki67 expression by the tumor cells in 11 of these HPV DNA-positive samples (11 of 13, 85%) - a staining pattern that is strongly associated with a carcinogenic HPV infection. CONCLUSIONS A simultaneous immunocytochemical detection of p16(INK4a) and Ki67 can reliably be performed on liquid-based cytological smears from HNSCC patients using a CINtec PLUS kit. In addition, the same cytological material can be used for the detection of HPV DNA by specific PCR. The combined results of both techniques enable better discrimination between latent and carcinogenic HPV infections as well as HPV-negative cases and thus can provide information on the prognosis of HNSCC patients and facilitate therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Linxweiler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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349
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Lai CY, Wu WW, Tsai SY, Cheng SF, Lin KC, Liang SY. The Effectiveness of a Facebook-Assisted Teaching Method on Knowledge and Attitudes About Cervical Cancer Prevention and HPV Vaccination Intention Among Female Adolescent Students in Taiwan. Health Educ Behav 2014; 42:352-60. [PMID: 25512072 DOI: 10.1177/1090198114558591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of education is a known barrier to vaccination, but data on the design and effectiveness of interventions remain limited. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the effectiveness of a Facebook-assisted teaching method on female adolescents' knowledge and attitudes about cervical cancer prevention and on their human papillomavirus vaccination intention. METHOD A quasi-experimental time series research design was used. Two hundred female adolescents at a senior high school in Taipei were recruited into two groups. Following a classroom lecture, one group was provided a Facebook-assisted online discussion, and the other group was provided an in-person discussion forum. A demographic questionnaire and cervical cancer prevention questionnaire were distributed. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics and generalized estimation equations. RESULTS Improvement from T0 to T2 in knowledge and attitude scores was 4.204 and 4.496 points, respectively. The Facebook group's improvement in vaccination intention from T0 to T2 was 2.310 times greater than the control group's improvement under conditions of out-of-pocket expenses and 2.368 times greater under conditions of free vaccination. CONCLUSIONS School-based cervical cancer prevention education can be effective. The Facebook-assisted discussion method was more effective than the in-person discussion. Providing the human papillomavirus vaccine free of charge would increase female adolescents' intention to be vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Lai
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Wu
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Su-Fen Cheng
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chia Lin
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Liang
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
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350
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Ludmir EB, Palta M, Zhang X, Wu Y, Willett CG, Czito BG. Incidence and prognostic impact of high-risk HPV tumor infection in cervical esophageal carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2014; 5:401-7. [PMID: 25436117 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2014.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical esophageal carcinoma (CEC) is an uncommon malignancy. Limited data supports the use of definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) as primary treatment. Furthermore, the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) tumor infection in CEC remains unknown. This study retrospectively analyzes both outcomes of CEC patients treated with CRT and the incidence and potential role of HPV tumor infection in CEC lesions. METHODS A total of 37 CEC patients were treated with definitive CRT at our institution between 1987 and 2013. Of these, 19 had tumor samples available for high-risk HPV (types 16 and 18) pathological analysis. RESULTS For all patients (n=37), 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and loco-regional control (LRC) rates were 34.1%, 40.2%, and 65.6%, respectively. On pathological analysis, 1/19 (5.3%) patients had an HPV-positive lesion. CONCLUSIONS Definitive CRT provides disease-related outcomes comparable to surgery. Moreover, HPV tumor infection in CEC is uncommon and its prognostic role is unclear. Our data contribute to the construction of an anatomical map of HPV tumor infection in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the upper aerodigestive tract, and suggest a steep drop in viral infection rates at sites distal to the oropharynx, including the cervical esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan B Ludmir
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, 2 Department of Pathology, 3 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Manisha Palta
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, 2 Department of Pathology, 3 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, 2 Department of Pathology, 3 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yuan Wu
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, 2 Department of Pathology, 3 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher G Willett
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, 2 Department of Pathology, 3 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brian G Czito
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, 2 Department of Pathology, 3 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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