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García-Crespo C, de Ávila AI, Gallego I, Soria ME, Durán-Pastor A, Somovilla P, Martínez-González B, Muñoz-Flores J, Mínguez P, Salar-Vidal L, Esteban-Muñoz M, Cañar-Camacho E, Ferrer-Orta C, Zuñiga S, Sola I, Enjuanes L, Esteban J, Fernández-Roblas R, Gadea I, Gómez J, Verdaguer N, Domingo E, Perales C. Synergism between remdesivir and ribavirin leads to SARS-CoV-2 extinction in cell culture. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2636-2654. [PMID: 38616133 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is a need for effective anti-COVID-19 treatments, mainly for individuals at risk of severe disease such as the elderly and the immunosuppressed. Drug repositioning has proved effective in identifying drugs that can find a new application for the control of coronavirus disease, in particular COVID-19. The purpose of the present study was to find synergistic antiviral combinations for COVID-19 based on lethal mutagenesis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of combinations of remdesivir and ribavirin on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture has been tested. Viral populations were monitored by ultra-deep sequencing, and the decrease of infectivity as a result of the treatment was measured. KEY RESULTS Remdesivir and ribavirin exerted a synergistic inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2, quantified both by CompuSyn (Chou-Talalay method) and Synergy Finder (ZIP-score model). In serial passage experiments, virus extinction was readily achieved with remdesivir-ribavirin combinations at concentrations well below their cytotoxic 50 value, but not with the drugs used individually. Deep sequencing of treated viral populations showed that remdesivir, ribavirin, and their combinations evoked significant increases of the number of viral mutations and haplotypes, as well as modification of diversity indices that characterize viral quasi-species. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS SARS-CoV-2 extinction can be achieved by synergistic combination treatments based on lethal mutagenesis. In addition, the results offer prospects of triple drug treatments for effective SARS-CoV-2 suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos García-Crespo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel de Ávila
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Gallego
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Soria
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Durán-Pastor
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Somovilla
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brenda Martínez-González
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Mínguez
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Llanos Salar-Vidal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Esteban-Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Cañar-Camacho
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ferrer-Orta
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Zuñiga
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sola
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Enjuanes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Esteban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Fernández-Roblas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gadea
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Gómez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina 'López-Neyra' (CSIC), Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Nuria Verdaguer
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Domingo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Perales
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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Andronova VL, Galegov GA, Vozdvizhenskaya OA, Levit GL, Krasnov VP, Charushin VN. Combined Effect of Basic Antiherpetic Drugs with a New Inhibitor of the Terminase Complex of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Vero Cell Cultures. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2024; 517:55-58. [PMID: 38955885 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496624701035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Carriers of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) account for more than 90% of the global population. Infection manifests itself in the formation of blisters and ulcers on the face or genitals and can cause blindness, encephalitis, and generalized infection. All first- and second-line modern antiherpetic drugs selectively inhibit viral DNA polymerase. The purine-benzoxazine conjugate LAS-131 ((S)-4-[6-(purin-6-yl)aminohexanoyl]-7,8-difluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-[1,4]benzoxazine), which we have described earlier, uses the large subunit of the HSV-1 terminase complex as a biotarget and selectively inhibits HSV-1 reproduction in vitro. Basically new results were for the first time obtained to characterize the combined effect on human herpesvirus infection for LAS-131 used in combination with practically significant antiviral compounds, including the nucleoside analogs acyclovir (ACV), penciclovir (PCV), ganciclovir (GCV), brivudine (BVdU), iododeoxyuridine (IdU), and adenine arabinoside (Ara-A); the nucleoside phosphonate analog cidofovir (CDV); and the pyrophosphate analog foscarnet (FOS). A cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay showed that the drug concentration that inhibited the virus-induced CPE by 50% decreased by a factor of 2 (an additive effect, FOS) or more (a synergistic effect; ACV, PCV, GCV, IdU, BVdU, Ara-A, and CDV) when the drugs were used in combination with LAS-131. Nonpermissive conditions for HSV-1 reproduction were thus created at lower drug concentrations, opening up new real possibilities to control human herpesvirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Andronova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia.
| | - G A Galegov
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - O A Vozdvizhenskaya
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - G L Levit
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - V P Krasnov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - V N Charushin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Zhu Y, Yurgelonis I, Noell S, Yang Q, Guan S, Li Z, Hao L, Rothan H, Rai DK, McMonagle P, Baniecki ML, Greasley SE, Plotnikova O, Lee J, Nicki JA, Ferre R, Byrnes LJ, Liu W, Craig TK, Steppan CM, Liberator P, Soares HD, Allerton CMN, Anderson AS, Cardin RD. In vitro selection and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 nirmatrelvir resistance mutations contributing to clinical virus resistance surveillance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl4013. [PMID: 39047088 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl4013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
To facilitate the detection and management of potential clinical antiviral resistance, in vitro selection of drug-resistant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) against the virus Mpro inhibitor nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid active component) was conducted. Six Mpro mutation patterns containing T304I alone or in combination with T21I, L50F, T135I, S144A, or A173V emerged, with A173V+T304I and T21I+S144A+T304I mutations showing >20-fold resistance each. Biochemical analyses indicated inhibition constant shifts aligned to antiviral results, with S144A and A173V each markedly reducing nirmatrelvir inhibition and Mpro activity. SARS-CoV-2 surveillance revealed that in vitro resistance-associated mutations from our studies and those reported in the literature were rarely detected in the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data database. In the Paxlovid Evaluation of Protease Inhibition for COVID-19 in High-Risk Patients trial, E166V was the only emergent resistance mutation, observed in three Paxlovid-treated patients, none of whom experienced COVID-19-related hospitalization or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuao Zhu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Irina Yurgelonis
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Stephen Noell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Qingyi Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Shunjie Guan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhenghui Li
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Li Hao
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Hussin Rothan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Devendra K Rai
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Patricia McMonagle
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Mary Lynn Baniecki
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Olga Plotnikova
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Jonathan Lee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Jennifer A Nicki
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - RoseAnn Ferre
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | - Laura J Byrnes
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | - Timothy K Craig
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Claire M Steppan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Paul Liberator
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Holly D Soares
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | | | - Rhonda D Cardin
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
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Prabaharan C, Figiel M, Szczepanowski RH, Skowronek K, Zajko W, Thangaraj V, Chamera S, Nowak E, Nowotny M. Structural and biochemical characterization of cauliflower mosaic virus reverse transcriptase. J Biol Chem 2024:107555. [PMID: 39002684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcriptases (RTs) are enzymes with DNA polymerase and RNase H activities. They convert single-stranded RNA into double-stranded DNA and are key enzymes for the replication of retroviruses and retroelements. Caulimoviridae is a major family of plant-infecting viruses. Caulimoviruses have a circular dsDNA genome that is replicated by reverse transcription, but in contrast to retroviruses, they lack integrase. Caulimoviruses are related to Ty3 retroelements. Ty3 RT has been extensively studied structurally and biochemically, but corresponding information for caulimoviral RTs is unavailable. In the present study, we report the first crystal structure of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) RT in complex with a duplex made of RNA and DNA strands (RNA/DNA hybrid). CaMV RT forms a monomeric complex with the hybrid, unlike Ty3 RT, which does so as a dimer. Results of the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity assays showed that individual CaMV RT molecules are able to perform full polymerase functions. However, our analyses showed that an additional CaMV RT molecule needs to transiently associate with a polymerase-competent RT molecule to execute RNase H cuts of the RNA strand. Collectively, our results provide details into the structure and function of CaMV RT and describe how the enzyme compares to other related RTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekaran Prabaharan
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Figiel
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman H Szczepanowski
- Biophysics and Bioanalytics Facility, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowronek
- Biophysics and Bioanalytics Facility, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Zajko
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Sebastian Chamera
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Nowak
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Nowotny
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland.
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Huang WJ, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Wang S, Chen FE. Structure-based discovery of novel piperidine-biphenyl-DAPY derivatives as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors featuring improved potency, safety, and selectivity: From piperazine-biphenyl-DAPYs to piperidine-biphenyl-DAPYs. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116668. [PMID: 38996652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Starting from our previously reported nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI, 3), continuous efforts were made to enhance its potency and safety through a structure-based drug design strategy. This led to the discovery of a series of novel piperidine-biphenyl-diarylpyrimidines (DAPYs). Compound 10p, the most active compound in this series, exhibited an EC50 value of 6 nM against wide-type HIV-1 strain, which was approximately 560-fold more potent than the initial compound 3 (EC50 = 3.36 μM). Furthermore, significant improvements were observed in cytotoxicity and selectivity (CC50 > 202.17 μM, SI > 33144) compared to compound 3 (CC50 = 14.84 μM, SI = 4). Additionally, compound 10p demonstrated increased inhibitory activity against clinically mutant virus strains (EC50 = 7-63 nM). Further toxicity evaluation revealed that compound 10p exhibited minimal CYP enzyme and hERG inhibition. Importantly, single-dose acute toxicity testing did not result in any fatalities or noticeable pathological damage in mice. Therefore, compound 10p can be regarded as a lead candidate for guiding further development of biphenyl-diarylpyrimidine NNRTIs with favorable druggability for HIV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Huang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | | | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shuai Wang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Tanushree, Sharma A, Monika, Singh RP, Jhawat V. Human immunodeficiency virus infection challenges: Current therapeutic limitations and strategies for improved management through long-acting injectable formulation. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2563. [PMID: 38886179 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
HIV infection has been a severe global health burden, with millions living with the virus and continuing new infections each year. Antiretroviral therapy can effectively suppress HIV replication but requires strict lifelong adherence to daily oral medication regimens, which presents a significant challenge. Long-acting formulations of antiretroviral drugs administered infrequently have emerged as a promising strategy to improve treatment outcomes and adherence to HIV therapy and prevention. Long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations are designed to gradually release drugs over extended periods of weeks or months following a single injection. Critical advantages of LAIs over conventional oral dosage forms include less frequent dosing requirements, enhanced patient privacy, reduced stigma associated with daily pill regimens, and optimised pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles. Several LAI antiretroviral products have recently gained regulatory approval, such as the integrase strand transfer inhibitor cabotegravir for HIV preexposure prophylaxis and the Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine combination for HIV treatment. A leading approach for developing long-acting antiretroviral depots involves encapsulating drug compounds in polymeric microspheres composed of biocompatible, biodegradable materials like poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid). These injectable depot formulations enable high drug loading with customisable extended-release kinetics controlled by the polymeric matrix. Compared to daily oral therapies, LAI antiretroviral formulations leveraging biodegradable polymeric microspheres offer notable benefits, including prolonged therapeutic effects, reduced dosing frequency for improved adherence, and the potential to kerb the initial HIV transmission event. The present manuscript aims to review the pathogenesis of the virus and its progression and propose therapeutic targets and long-acting drug delivery strategies that hold substantial promise for enhancing outcomes in HIV treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Medical and Allied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Monika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Medical and Allied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Rahul Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Medical and Allied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Jhawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Medical and Allied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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Zou X, He J, Li X, Zheng J, Su X, Chen J, Chen X. Epidemic characteristics of local HIV-2 transmission across Hunan province, China. Virus Res 2024; 345:199385. [PMID: 38723949 PMCID: PMC11109882 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the epidemiological features of HIV-2 in Hunan Province, China, utilizing sequence analysis. METHODS Thirteen individuals diagnosed with HIV-2 infection in Hunan Province, China, from 2017 to 2023 were included in this study. Amplification of HIV-2 env and pol regions was conducted, followed by Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic and molecular transmission network analyses were performed to delineate molecular features and transmission dynamics. RESULTS All 14 individuals contracted HIV-2 through heterosexual intercourse, comprising 7 males and 7 females, with a median age of 58 years. Among them, three couples (HN001 and HN013, HN010 and HN011, HN008 and HN009) were identified, along with commercial sexual activity engagement reported for subject HN004. Notably, subjects HN001, HN003, HN008, and HN010 engaged in commercial sexual activities at the same location as subject HN004. Phylogenetic analysis of the pol gene revealed close proximity of sequences from all subjects to reference sequences from Gambia (Sub-type A). Employing a genetic distance threshold of 1.5 %, eight out of the 14 subjects formed a molecular transmission network, with HN002 and HN004 identified as central nodes. CONCLUSION From 2017 to 2023, all HIV-2-infected individuals in Hunan Province, China, acquired the virus through identifiable routes, indicating transmission of similar HIV-2 strains among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobai Zou
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 861 Xinglian Road, Kaifu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410005, PR China
| | - Jianmei He
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 861 Xinglian Road, Kaifu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410005, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 861 Xinglian Road, Kaifu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410005, PR China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 861 Xinglian Road, Kaifu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410005, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Su
- Xiangtan City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 12 North Second Ring Road, Yuhu District, Xiangtan City, 411200, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 861 Xinglian Road, Kaifu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410005, PR China; Xiangtan City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 12 North Second Ring Road, Yuhu District, Xiangtan City, 411200, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 861 Xinglian Road, Kaifu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410005, PR China.
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Zhu X, Patel EU, Berry SA, Grabowski MK, Abraham AG, Davy-Mendez T, Hogan B, Althoff KN, Redd AD, Laeyendecker O, Quinn TC, Gebo KA, Tobian AA. Hospital readmissions among adults living with and without HIV in the US: findings from the Nationwide Readmissions Database. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 73:102690. [PMID: 39007069 PMCID: PMC11246008 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Thirty-day hospital readmission measures quality of care, but there are limited data among people with HIV (PWH) and people without HIV (PWoH) in the era of universal recommendation for antiretroviral therapy. We descriptively compared 30-day all-cause, unplanned readmission risk between PWH and PWoH. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the 2019 Nationwide Readmissions Database (2019/01/01-2019/12/31), an all-payer database that represents all US hospitalizations. Index (initial) admissions and readmissions were determined using US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services definitions. Crude and age-adjusted risk ratios (aRR) comparing the 30-day all-cause, unplanned readmission risk between PWH to PWoH were estimated using random effect logistic regressions and predicted marginal estimates. Survey weights were applied to all analyses. Findings We included 24,338,782 index admissions from 18,240,176 individuals. The median age was 52(IQR = 40-60) years for PWH and 61(IQR = 38-74) years for PWoH. The readmission risk was 20.9% for PWH and 12.2% for PWoH (age-adjusted-RR:1.88 [95%CI = 1.84-1.92]). Stratified by age and sex, young female (age 18-29 and 30-39 years) PWH had a higher readmission risk than young female PWoH (aRR = 3.50 [95%CI = 3.11-3.88] and aRR = 4.00 [95%CI = 3.67-4.32], respectively). While the readmission risk increased with age among PWoH, the readmission risk was persistently high across all age groups among PWH. The readmission risk exceeded 30% for PWH admitted for hypertensive heart disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. Interpretation PWH have a disproportionately higher risk of readmission than PWoH, which is concerning given the aging profile of PWH. More efforts are needed to address readmissions among PWH. Funding US National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eshan U. Patel
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen A. Berry
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary K. Grabowski
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison G. Abraham
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Heath, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thibaut Davy-Mendez
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brenna Hogan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keri N. Althoff
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D. Redd
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oliver Laeyendecker
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas C. Quinn
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelly A. Gebo
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaron A.R. Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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9
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Arribas L, Menéndez-Arias L, Betancor G. May I Help You with Your Coat? HIV-1 Capsid Uncoating and Reverse Transcription. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7167. [PMID: 39000271 PMCID: PMC11241228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) capsid is a protein core formed by multiple copies of the viral capsid (CA) protein. Inside the capsid, HIV-1 harbours all the viral components required for replication, including the genomic RNA and viral enzymes reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN). Upon infection, the RT transforms the genomic RNA into a double-stranded DNA molecule that is subsequently integrated into the host chromosome by IN. For this to happen, the viral capsid must open and release the viral DNA, in a process known as uncoating. Capsid plays a key role during the initial stages of HIV-1 replication; therefore, its stability is intimately related to infection efficiency, and untimely uncoating results in reverse transcription defects. How and where uncoating takes place and its relationship with reverse transcription is not fully understood, but the recent development of novel biochemical and cellular approaches has provided unprecedented detail on these processes. In this review, we present the latest findings on the intricate link between capsid stability, reverse transcription and uncoating, the different models proposed over the years for capsid uncoating, and the role played by other cellular factors on these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Arribas
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Luis Menéndez-Arias
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Gilberto Betancor
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
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10
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Han X, Sun J, Zhang Y, Jiang T, Zheng Q, Peng H, Wang Y, Xia W, Zhang T, Sun L, Yun X, Qin H, Wu H, Su B. Population pharmacokinetics of Ainuovirine and exposure-response analysis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01109. [PMID: 38934053 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ainuovirine (ANV) is a new generation of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection. This study aimed to evaluate the population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) profile and exposure-response relationship of ANV among people living with HIV. METHODS Plasma concentration-time data from phase 1 and phase 3 clinical trials of ANV were pooled for developing the PopPK model. Exposure estimates obtained from the final model were used in exposure-response analysis for virologic responses and safety responses. RESULTS ANV exhibited a nonlinear pharmacokinetic profile, which was best described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. There were no significant covariates correlated to the pharmacokinetic parameters of ANV. The PopPK parameter estimate (relative standard error [%]) for CL/F was 6.46 (15.00) L/h, and the clearance of ANV increased after multiple doses. The exposure-response model revealed no significant correlation between the virologic response (HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL) at 48 weeks and the exposure, but the incidence of adverse events increased with the increasing exposure( P value of steady-state trough concentration and area under the steady-state curve were 0.0177 and 0.0141, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our PopPK model supported ANV 150 mg once daily as the recommended dose for people living with HIV, requiring no dose adjustment for the studied factors. Optimization of ANV dose may be warranted in clinical practice due to an increasing trend in adverse reactions with increasing exposure. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry https://www.chictr.org.cn (Nos. ChiCTR1800018022 and ChiCTR1800019041).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Taiyi Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qingshan Zheng
- Beijing BioVoice Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100068, China
| | - Haiyan Peng
- Beijing CO-CRO Medical Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100061, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Beijing CO-CRO Medical Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100061, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinming Yun
- Jiangsu Aidea Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211899, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Jiangsu Aidea Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211899, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Bin Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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11
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Coulter SM, Pentlavalli S, An Y, Vora LK, Cross ER, Moore JV, Sun H, Schweins R, McCarthy HO, Laverty G. In Situ Forming, Enzyme-Responsive Peptoid-Peptide Hydrogels: An Advanced Long-Acting Injectable Drug Delivery System. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38922296 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Long-acting drug delivery systems are promising platforms to improve patient adherence to medication by delivering drugs over sustained periods and removing the need for patients to comply with oral regimens. This research paper provides a proof-of-concept for the development of a new optimized in situ forming injectable depot based on a tetrabenzylamine-tetraglycine-d-lysine-O-phospho-d-tyrosine peptoid-D-peptide formulation ((NPhe)4GGGGk(AZT)y(p)-OH). The chemical versatility of the peptoid-peptide motif allows low-molecular-weight drugs to be precisely and covalently conjugated. After subcutaneous injection, a hydrogel depot forms from the solubilized peptoid-peptide-drug formulation in response to phosphatase enzymes present within the skin space. This system is able to deliver clinically relevant concentrations of a model drug, the antiretroviral zidovudine (AZT), for 35 days in Sprague-Dawley rats. Oscillatory rheology demonstrated that hydrogel formation began within ∼30 s, an important characteristic of in situ systems for reducing initial drug bursts. Gel formation continued for up to ∼90 min. Small-angle neutron scattering data reveal narrow-radius fibers (∼0.78-1.8 nm) that closely fit formation via a flexible cylinder elliptical model. The inclusion of non-native peptoid monomers and D-variant amino acids confers protease resistance, enabling enhanced biostability to be demonstrated in vitro. Drug release proceeds via hydrolysis of an ester linkage under physiological conditions, releasing the drug in an unmodified form and further reducing the initial drug burst. Subcutaneous administration of (NPhe)4GGGGk(AZT)y(p)-OH to Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in zidovudine blood plasma concentrations within the 90% maximal inhibitory concentration (IC90) range (30-130 ng mL-1) for 35 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M Coulter
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Co. Antrim BT9 7BL, N. Ireland
| | - Sreekanth Pentlavalli
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Co. Antrim BT9 7BL, N. Ireland
| | - Yuming An
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Co. Antrim BT9 7BL, N. Ireland
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Co. Antrim BT9 7BL, N. Ireland
| | - Emily R Cross
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Co. Antrim BT9 7BL, N. Ireland
| | - Jessica V Moore
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Co. Antrim BT9 7BL, N. Ireland
| | - Han Sun
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Co. Antrim BT9 7BL, N. Ireland
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Large Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue - Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, Grenoble Cedex 9, 38042, France
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Co. Antrim BT9 7BL, N. Ireland
| | - Garry Laverty
- Biofunctional Nanomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Co. Antrim BT9 7BL, N. Ireland
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12
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Li X, Mi Z, Liu Z, Rong P. SARS-CoV-2: pathogenesis, therapeutics, variants, and vaccines. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1334152. [PMID: 38939189 PMCID: PMC11208693 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1334152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in December 2019 with staggering economic fallout and human suffering. The unique structure of SARS-CoV-2 and its underlying pathogenic mechanism were responsible for the global pandemic. In addition to the direct damage caused by the virus, SARS-CoV-2 triggers an abnormal immune response leading to a cytokine storm, culminating in acute respiratory distress syndrome and other fatal diseases that pose a significant challenge to clinicians. Therefore, potential treatments should focus not only on eliminating the virus but also on alleviating or controlling acute immune/inflammatory responses. Current management strategies for COVID-19 include preventative measures and supportive care, while the role of the host immune/inflammatory response in disease progression has largely been overlooked. Understanding the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and its receptors, as well as the underlying pathogenesis, has proven to be helpful for disease prevention, early recognition of disease progression, vaccine development, and interventions aimed at reducing immunopathology have been shown to reduce adverse clinical outcomes and improve prognosis. Moreover, several key mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence result in an enhanced binding affinity to the host cell receptor, or produce immune escape, leading to either increased virus transmissibility or virulence of variants that carry these mutations. This review characterizes the structural features of SARS-CoV-2, its variants, and their interaction with the immune system, emphasizing the role of dysfunctional immune responses and cytokine storm in disease progression. Additionally, potential therapeutic options are reviewed, providing critical insights into disease management, exploring effective approaches to deal with the public health crises caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ze Mi
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Morsica G, Messina E, Bagaglio S, Galli L, Lolatto R, Sampaolo M, Barakat M, Israel RJ, Castagna A, Clementi N. Clinico-Virological Outcomes and Mutational Profile of SARS-CoV-2 in Adults Treated with Ribavirin Aerosol for COVID-19 Pneumonia. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1146. [PMID: 38930529 PMCID: PMC11205916 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants can affect vaccine efficacy, laboratory diagnosis and the therapies already available, triggering interest in the search for antiviral agents for SARS-CoV-2 infections. Ribavirin (RBV) is a broad-spectrum antiviral with demonstrated in vitro activity against multiple viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. This retrospective study evaluated the dynamics and viral clearance of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalised adult participants (PTs) with COVID-19 pneumonia who received an RBV aerosol within a compassionate use study. The impact of RBV on the clinical outcome and the mutational profile of SARS-CoV-2 was also assessed. The median RNA values measured in nine PTs included in this study decreased from baseline to discharge (at BL, threshold cycle (Ct) = 22.4, IQR 19.84-5.07; at discharge, Ct = 27.92, IQR 26.43-36.11), with a significant decline in the Ct value evaluated by Friedman rank ANOVA analysis, p = 0.032. Seven out of nine PTs experienced a clinical improvement, while two PTs deceased during hospitalisation. In PTs with a favourable outcome, the virus clearance rate at discharge was 28.6%. The cumulative clearance rate was 71.4% within 14 days from discharge. A mutational pattern after RBV was detected in three out of five PTs in whom whole-genome sequencing was available. Our findings suggest that RBV limits SARS-CoV-2 replication, possibly resulting in a favourable clinical outcome. Ribavirin may also contribute to the mutational spectrum of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Morsica
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (R.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Emanuela Messina
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (R.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Sabrina Bagaglio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (R.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Laura Galli
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (R.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Riccardo Lolatto
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (R.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Michela Sampaolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (N.C.)
| | | | | | - Antonella Castagna
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (R.L.); (A.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (N.C.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
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14
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Sakander N, Ahmed A, Bhardwaj M, Kumari D, Nandi U, Mukherjee D. A path from synthesis to emergency use authorization of molnupiravir as a COVID-19 therapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107379. [PMID: 38643567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Coronaviruses are a group of enveloped viruses with non-segmented, single-stranded, and positive-sense RNA genomes. It belongs to the 'Coronaviridae family', responsible for various diseases, including the common cold, SARS, and MERS. The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in March 2020, has affected 209 countries, infected over a million people, and claimed over 50,000 lives. Significant efforts have been made by repurposing several approved drugs including antiviral, to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Molnupiravir is found to be the first orally acting efficacious drug to treat COVID-19 cases. It was approved for medical use in the UK in November 2021 and other countries, including USFDA, which granted approval an emergency use authorization (EUA) for treating adults with mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. Considering the importance of molnupiravir, the present review deals with its various synthetic strategies, pharmacokinetics, bio-efficacy, toxicity, and safety profiles. The comprehensive information along with critical analysis will be very handy for a wide range of audience including medicinal chemists in the arena of antiviral drug discovery especially anti-viral drugs against any variant of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norein Sakander
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ajaz Ahmed
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mahir Bhardwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Diksha Kumari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Debaraj Mukherjee
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700091, WB, India.
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15
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Tang L, Remiszewski S, Snedeker A, Chiang LW, Shenk T. An allosteric inhibitor of sirtuin 2 blocks hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA establishment and its transcriptional activity. Antiviral Res 2024; 226:105888. [PMID: 38641024 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
296 million people worldwide are predisposed to developing severe end-stage liver diseases due to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. HBV forms covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) molecules that persist as episomal DNA in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes and drive viral replication. Occasionally, the HBV genome becomes integrated into host chromosomal DNA, a process that is believed to significantly contribute to circulating HBsAg levels and HCC development. Neither cccDNA accumulation nor expression from integrated HBV DNA are directly targeted by current antiviral treatments. In this study, we investigated the antiviral properties of a newly described allosteric modulator, FLS-359, that targets sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), an NAD+-dependent deacylase. Our results demonstrate that SIRT2 modulation by FLS-359 and by other tool compounds inhibits cccDNA synthesis following de novo infection of primary human hepatocytes and HepG2 (C3A)-NTCP cells, and FLS-359 substantially reduces cccDNA recycling in HepAD38 cells. While pre-existing cccDNA is not eradicated by short-term treatment with FLS-359, its transcriptional activity is substantially impaired, likely through inhibition of viral promoter activities. Consistent with the inhibition of viral transcription, HBsAg production by HepG2.2.15 cells, which contain integrated HBV genomes, is also suppressed by FLS-359. Our study provides further insights on SIRT2 regulation of HBV infection and supports the development of potent SIRT2 inhibitors as HBV antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudi Tang
- Evrys Bio, LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA; Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA.
| | - Stacy Remiszewski
- Evrys Bio, LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | | | - Lillian W Chiang
- Evrys Bio, LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Thomas Shenk
- Evrys Bio, LLC, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
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16
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Maio N, Heffner AL, Rouault TA. Iron‑sulfur clusters in viral proteins: Exploring their elusive nature, roles and new avenues for targeting infections. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119723. [PMID: 38599324 PMCID: PMC11139609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Viruses have evolved complex mechanisms to exploit host factors for replication and assembly. In response, host cells have developed strategies to block viruses, engaging in a continuous co-evolutionary battle. This dynamic interaction often revolves around the competition for essential resources necessary for both host cell and virus replication. Notably, iron, required for the biosynthesis of several cofactors, including iron‑sulfur (FeS) clusters, represents a critical element in the ongoing competition for resources between infectious agents and host. Although several recent studies have identified FeS cofactors at the core of virus replication machineries, our understanding of their specific roles and the cellular processes responsible for their incorporation into viral proteins remains limited. This review aims to consolidate our current knowledge of viral components that have been characterized as FeS proteins and elucidate how viruses harness these versatile cofactors to their benefit. Its objective is also to propose that viruses may depend on incorporation of FeS cofactors more extensively than is currently known. This has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of viral replication, thereby carrying significant implications for the development of strategies to target infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunziata Maio
- Molecular Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Audrey L Heffner
- Molecular Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Tracey A Rouault
- Molecular Medicine Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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17
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Zhao KX, Zhang YY, Wang JS, Wang S, Corona A, Maloccu S, Tramontano E, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Meng G, Wang L, Chen FE. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of Thiazolo[3, 2-a]Pyrimidine derivatives as novel RNase H inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107495. [PMID: 38805850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Targeting Ribonuclease H (RNase H) has been considered a viable strategy for HIV therapy. In this study, a series of novel thiazolo[3, 2-a]pyrimidine derivatives were firstly designed and synthesized as potential inhibitors of HIV-1 RNase H. Among these compounds, A28 exhibited the most potent inhibition against HIV-1 RNase H with an IC50 value of 4.14 μM, which was about 5-fold increase in potency than the hit compound A1 (IC50 = 21.49 μM). To gain deeper insights into the structure-activity relationship (SAR), a CoMFA model was constructed to yield reasonable statistical results (q2 = 0.658 and R2 = 0.969). Results from magnesium ion chelation experiments and molecular docking studies revealed that these thiazolopyrimidine inhibitors may exert their inhibitory activity by binding to an allosteric site on RNase H at the interface between subunits p51 and p66. Furthermore, this analog demonstrated favorable physicochemical properties. Our findings provide valuable groundwork for further development of allosteric inhibitors targeting HIV-1 RNase H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Targeting Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yi-Ying Zhang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jin-Si Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Targeting Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Angela Corona
- Dept Appl Sci Biosyst, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Stefania Maloccu
- Dept Appl Sci Biosyst, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Dept Appl Sci Biosyst, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | | | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ge Meng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Targeting Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Targeting Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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18
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Palazzotti D, Sguilla M, Manfroni G, Cecchetti V, Astolfi A, Barreca ML. Small Molecule Drugs Targeting Viral Polymerases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:661. [PMID: 38794231 PMCID: PMC11124969 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Small molecules that specifically target viral polymerases-crucial enzymes governing viral genome transcription and replication-play a pivotal role in combating viral infections. Presently, approved polymerase inhibitors cover nine human viruses, spanning both DNA and RNA viruses. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of these licensed drugs, encompassing nucleoside/nucleotide inhibitors (NIs), non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNIs), and mutagenic agents. For each compound, we describe the specific targeted virus and related polymerase enzyme, the mechanism of action, and the relevant bioactivity data. This wealth of information serves as a valuable resource for researchers actively engaged in antiviral drug discovery efforts, offering a complete overview of established strategies as well as insights for shaping the development of next-generation antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (D.P.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (V.C.); (A.A.)
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19
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Xiong Y, Wang Z, Liu J, Li K, Zhang Y. The Effect of Low HBV-DNA Viral Load on Recurrence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Who Underwent Primary Locoregional Treatment and the Development of a Nomogram Prediction Model. Microorganisms 2024; 12:976. [PMID: 38792805 PMCID: PMC11124523 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: HBV-DNA is an essential clinical indicator of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis. Our study aimed to investigate the prognostic implication of a low load of HBV-DNA in HCC patients who underwent local treatment. Additionally, we developed and validated a nomogram to predict the recurrence of patients with low (20-100 IU/mL) viral loads (L-VL). (2) Methods: A total of 475 HBV-HCC patients were enrolled, including 403 L-VL patients and 72 patients with very low (<20 IU/mL) viral loads (VL-VL). L-VL HCC patients were randomly divided into a training set (N = 282) and a validation set (N = 121) at a ratio of 7:3. Utilizing the Lasso-Cox regression analysis, we identified independent risk factors for constructing a nomogram. (3) Results: L-VL patients had significantly shorter RFS than VL-VL patients (38.2 m vs. 23.4 m, p = 0.024). The content of the nomogram included gender, BCLC stage, Glob, and MLR. The C-index (0.682 vs. 0.609); 1-, 3-, and 5-year AUCs (0.729, 0.784, and 0.783, vs. 0.631, 0.634, the 0.665); calibration curves; and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves of the training and validation cohorts proved the excellent predictive performance of the nomogram. There was a statistically significant difference in RFS between the low-, immediate-, and high-risk groups both in the training and validation cohorts (p < 0.001); (4) Conclusions: Patients with L-VL had a worse prognosis. The nomogram developed and validated in this study has the advantage of predicting patients with L-VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Xiong
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.X.)
| | - Ziling Wang
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.X.)
| | - Jiajun Liu
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.X.)
| | - Kang Li
- Research Center for Biomedical Resources, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Y.X.)
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20
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Sabadini G, Mellado M, Morales C, Mella J. Arylamines QSAR-Based Design and Molecular Dynamics of New Phenylthiophene and Benzimidazole Derivatives with Affinity for the C111, Y268, and H73 Sites of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro Enzyme. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:606. [PMID: 38794177 PMCID: PMC11124164 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A non-structural SARS-CoV-2 protein, PLpro, is involved in post-translational modifications in cells, allowing the evasion of antiviral immune response mechanisms. In this study, potential PLpro inhibitory drugs were designed using QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics. A combined QSAR equation with physicochemical and Free-Wilson descriptors was formulated. The r2, q2, and r2test values were 0.833, 0.770, and 0.721, respectively. From the equation, it was found that the presence of an aromatic ring and a basic nitrogen atom is crucial for obtaining good antiviral activity. Then, a series of structures for the binding sites of C111, Y268, and H73 of PLpro were created. The best compounds were found to exhibit pIC50 values of 9.124 and docking scoring values of -14 kcal/mol. The stability of the compounds in the cavities was confirmed by molecular dynamics studies. A high number of stable contacts and good interactions over time were exhibited by the aryl-thiophenes Pred14 and Pred15, making them potential antiviral candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Sabadini
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile;
| | - Marco Mellado
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
| | - César Morales
- Laboratorio de Materiales Funcionales, Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Bernardo OHiggins, General Gana 1702, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Jaime Mella
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación de Productos Bioactivos (CInBIO), Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
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21
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Du K, Wang X, Bai Y, Zhang X, Xue J, Li S, Xie Y, Sang Z, Tang Y, Wang X. Development of benzimidazole-based compounds as novel capsid assembly modulators for the treatment of HBV infection. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116402. [PMID: 38636128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) represent a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of HBV infection. In this study, the hit compound CDI (IC50 = 2.46 ± 0.33 μM) was identified by screening of an in-house compound library. And then novel potent benzimidazole derivatives were designed and synthesized as core assembly modulators, and their antiviral effects were evaluated in vitro and in vivo biological experiments. The results indicated that compound 26f displayed the most optimized modulator of HBV capsid assembly (IC50 = 0.51 ± 0.20 μM, EC50 = 2.24 ± 0.43 μM, CC50 = 84.29 μM) and high selectivity index. Moreover, treatment with compound 26f for 14 days significantly decreased serum levels of HBV DNA levels in the Hydrodynamic-Injection (HDI) mouse model. Therefore, compound 26f could be considered as a promising candidate drug for further development of novel HBV CAMs with the desired potency and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Du
- Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education and One Health Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xianyang Wang
- Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuxin Bai
- Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education and One Health Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jie Xue
- Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhipei Sang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education and One Health Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education and One Health Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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22
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Zhu XD, Corona A, Maloccu S, Tramontano E, Wang S, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Meng G, Chen FE. Structure-Based Design of Novel Thiazolone[3,2- a]pyrimidine Derivatives as Potent RNase H Inhibitors for HIV Therapy. Molecules 2024; 29:2120. [PMID: 38731613 PMCID: PMC11085872 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ribonuclease H (RNase H) was identified as an important target for HIV therapy. Currently, no RNase H inhibitors have reached clinical status. Herein, a series of novel thiazolone[3,2-a]pyrimidine-containing RNase H inhibitors were developed, based on the hit compound 10i, identified from screening our in-house compound library. Some of these derivatives exhibited low micromolar inhibitory activity. Among them, compound 12b was identified as the most potent inhibitor of RNase H (IC50 = 2.98 μM). The experiment of magnesium ion coordination was performed to verify that this ligand could coordinate with magnesium ions, indicating its binding ability to the catalytic site of RNase H. Docking studies revealed the main interactions of this ligand with RNase H. A quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) was also conducted to disclose several predictive mathematic models. A molecular dynamics simulation was also conducted to determine the stability of the complex. Taken together, thiazolone[3,2-a]pyrimidine can be regarded as a potential scaffold for the further development of RNase H inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-De Zhu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (X.-D.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Angela Corona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Science Biosyst, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (S.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Stefania Maloccu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Science Biosyst, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (S.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Science Biosyst, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (S.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Shuai Wang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (X.-D.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.P.); (E.D.C.)
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.P.); (E.D.C.)
| | - Ge Meng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (X.-D.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (X.-D.Z.); (S.W.)
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23
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Bai Y, Xi Y, He X, Twumasi G, Ma S, Tao Q, Xu M, Jiang S, Zhang T, Lu Y, Han X, Qi J, Li L, Bai L, Liu H. Genome-wide characterization and comparison of endogenous retroviruses among 3 duck reference genomes. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103543. [PMID: 38447307 PMCID: PMC11067759 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERV) are viral genomes integrated into the host genome and can be stably inherited. Although ERV sequences have been reported in some avian species' genome, the duck endogenous retroviruses (DERV) genome has yet to be quantified. This study aimed to identify ERV sequences and characterize genes near ERVs in the duck genome by utilizing LTRhavest and LTRdigest tools to forecast the duck genome and analyze the distribution of ERV copies. The results revealed 1,607, 2,031, and 1,908 full-length ERV copies in the Pekin duck (ZJU1.0), Mallard (CAU_wild_1.0), and Shaoxing duck (CAU_laying_1.0) genomes, respectively, with average lengths of 7,046, 7,027, and 6,945 bp. ERVs are mainly distributed on the 1, 2, and sex chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the presence of Betaretrovirus in 3 duck genomes, whereas Alpharetrovirus was exclusively identified in the Shaoxing duck genome. Through screening, 596, 315, and 343 genes adjacent to ERV were identified in 3 duck genomes, respectively, and their functions of ERV neighboring genes were predicted. Functional enrichment analysis of ERV-adjacent genes revealed enrichment for Focal adhesion, Calcium signaling pathway, and Adherens junction in 3 duck genomes. The overlapped genes were highly expressed in 8 tissues (brain, fat, heart, kidney, liver, lung, skin, and spleen) of 8-wk-old Mallard, revealing their important expression in different tissues. Our study provides a new perspective for understanding the quantity and function of DERVs, and may also provide important clues for regulating nearby genes and affecting the traits of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Yang Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Xinxin He
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Grace Twumasi
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Shengchao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Qiuyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Mengru Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Shuaixue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Yinjuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Lili Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China
| | - Hehe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, P. R. Chengdu 613000, China.
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24
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Baysal M, Karaduman AB, Korkut Çelikateş B, Atlı-Eklioğlu Ö, Ilgın S. Assessment of the toxicity of different antiretroviral drugs and their combinations on Sertoli and Leydig cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38647040 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2336506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus continues to pose a significant global public health challenge, affecting millions of individuals. The current treatment strategy has incorporated the utilization of combinations of antiretroviral drugs. The administration of these drugs is associated with many deleterious consequences on several physiological systems, notably the reproductive system. This study aimed to assess the toxic effects of abacavir sulfate, ritonavir, nevirapine, and zidovudine, as well as their combinations, on TM3 Leydig and TM4 Sertoli cells. The cell viability was gauged using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed via the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) test, and DNA damage was determined using the comet assay. Results indicated cytotoxic effects at low drug concentrations, both individually and combined. The administration of drugs, individually and in combination, resulted in the production of ROS and caused damage to the DNA at the tested concentrations. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the administration of antiretroviral drugs can lead to testicular toxicity by promoting the generation of ROS and DNA damage. Furthermore, it should be noted that the toxicity of antiretroviral drug combinations was shown to be higher compared to that of individual drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Baysal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Burak Karaduman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Büşra Korkut Çelikateş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Özlem Atlı-Eklioğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Ilgın
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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25
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Kaggiah A, Maina CN, Kinuthia J, Barthold D, Hauber B, Tran J, Simoni JM, Graham SM. Key informant views on potential acceptability and feasibility of long-acting antiretroviral treatment for HIV in Kenya. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:415. [PMID: 38641565 PMCID: PMC11027348 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2020, 14% of diagnosed persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Kenya were not taking antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 19% of those on ART had unsuppressed viral loads. Long-acting antiretroviral therapy (LA-ART) may increase viral suppression by promoting ART uptake and adherence. We conducted key informant (KI) interviews with HIV experts in Kenya to identify product and delivery attributes related to the acceptability and feasibility of providing LA-ART to PLWH in Kenya. METHODS Interviews were conducted via Zoom on potential LA-ART options including intra-muscular (IM) injections, subcutaneous (SC) injections, implants, and LA oral pills. KI were asked to discuss the products they were most and least excited about, as well as barriers and facilitators to LA-ART roll-out. In addition, they were asked about potential delivery locations for LA-ART products such as homes, pharmacies, and clinics. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and data were analyzed using a combination of inductive and deductive coding. RESULTS Twelve KI (5 women, 7 men) participated between December 2021 and February 2022. Overall, participants reported that LA-ART would be acceptable and preferable to PLWH because of fatigue with daily oral pills. They viewed IM injections and LA oral pills as the most exciting options to ease pill burden and improve adherence. KI felt that populations who could benefit most were adolescents in boarding schools and stigmatized populations such as sex workers. SC injections and implants were less favored, as they would require new training initiatives for patients or healthcare workers on administration. In addition, SC injections would require refrigeration and needle disposal after use. Some KI thought patients, especially men, might worry that IM injections and implants would impact fertility, given their role in family planning. Pharmacies were perceived by most KI as suboptimal delivery locations; however, given ongoing work in Kenya to include pharmacies in antiretroviral delivery, they recommended asking patients their views. CONCLUSION There is interest and support for LA-ART in Kenya, especially IM injections and LA oral pills. Identifying patient preferences for modes and delivery locations and addressing misconceptions about specific products as they become available will be important before wide-scale implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kaggiah
- Research and Programs Department, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Catherine N Maina
- Research and Programs Department, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Kinuthia
- Research and Programs Department, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Douglas Barthold
- The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brett Hauber
- The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Worldwide Medical and Safety, Pfizer, Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacinda Tran
- The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jane M Simoni
- Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Graham
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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26
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Zou C. A novel activation function based on DNA enzyme-free hybridization reaction and its implementation on nonlinear molecular learning systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11854-11866. [PMID: 38567416 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
With the advent of the post-Moore's Law era, the development of traditional silicon-based computers has reached its limit, and there is an urgent need to develop new computing technologies to meet the needs of science, technology, and daily life. Due to its super-strong parallel computing capability and outstanding data storage capacity, DNA computing has become an important branch and hot research topic of new computer technology. DNA enzyme-free hybridization reaction technology is widely used in DNA computing, showing excellent performance in computing power and information processing. Studies have shown that DNA molecules not only have the computing function of electronic devices, but also exhibit certain human brain-like functions. In the field of artificial intelligence, activation functions play an important role as they enable artificial intelligence systems to fit and predict non-linear and complex variable relationships. Due to the difficulty of implementing activation functions in DNA computing, DNA circuits cannot easily achieve all the functions of artificial intelligence. DNA circuits need to rely on electronic computers to complete the training and learning process. Based on the parallel computing characteristics of DNA computing and the kinetic features of DNA molecule displacement reactions, this paper proposes a new activation function. This activation function can not only be easily implemented by DNA enzyme-free hybridization reaction reactions, but also has good nesting properties in DNA circuits, and can be cascaded with other DNA reactions to form a complete DNA circuit. This paper not only provides the mathematical analysis of the proposed activation function, but also provides a detailed analysis of its kinetic features. The activation function is then nested into a nonlinear neural network for DNA computing. This system is capable of fitting and predicting a certain nonlinear function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Zou
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
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27
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van der Post J, Guerra TEJ, van den Hof M, Vaz FM, Pajkrt D, van Genderen JG. Plasma Lipidomic Profiles in cART-Treated Adolescents with Perinatally Acquired HIV Compared to Matched Controls. Viruses 2024; 16:580. [PMID: 38675922 PMCID: PMC11053976 DOI: 10.3390/v16040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (PHIV) are growing into adulthood with HIV and treatment-associated comorbidities, such as dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. HIV is identified as independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The hypothesis behind increased CVD risk associated with HIV includes vascular inflammation, dyslipidemia and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) metabolomic toxicity. To investigate differences in lipid profiles and pathophysiological mechanisms of CVD risk in adolescents with PHIV, we compared the plasma lipidome of PHIV adolescents and HIV-negative controls. We additionally investigated the influence of current cART regimens and increased lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels on the plasma lipidome. We included 20 PHIV-infected adolescents and 20 HIV-negative controls matched for age, sex, ethnic origin and socio-economic status. Plasma lipidome was measured using Thermo Scientific Ultimate 3000 binary high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-mass spectrometry. We evaluated the plasma lipidome in PHIV adolescents using different cART regimens (including those known to be associated with lipid alterations). The median age was 17.5 years (15.5-20.7) and 16.5 years (15.7-19.8) for PHIV adolescents and controls, respectively. Of PHIV adolescents, 45% used a non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based (25%) or protease inhibitor (PI)-based (20%) cART regimen. In this pilot study, we observed no significant differences between lipidomic profiles between PHIV adolescents and controls. We observed no differences in the plasma lipidome in participants with increased versus normal Lp(a) levels. Different cART regimens appear to influence chain length differences in the plasma lipidome of PHIV adolescents; however, the significance and causality of this observation remains undetermined. Further research on the influence of cART on lipid composition could further identify these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie van der Post
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thiara E. J. Guerra
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Malon van den Hof
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Ageing & Later Life, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric M. Vaz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jason G. van Genderen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wang F, Liu D, Gao D, Yuan J, Zhao J, Yuan S, Cen Y, Lin GQ, Zhao J, Tian P. Discovery of natural catechol derivatives as covalent SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro inhibitors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130377. [PMID: 38395279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to pose a threat to public health, and extensive research by scientists worldwide has also prompted the development of antiviral therapies. The 3C-like protease (3CLpro) is critical for SARS-CoV-2 replication and acts as an effective target for drug development. To date, numerous of natural products have been reported to exhibit inhibitory effects on 3CLpro, which encourages us to identify other novel inhibitors and elucidate their mechanism of action. In this study, we first screened an in-house compound library of 101 natural products using FRET assay, and found that oleuropein showed good inhibitory activity against SARS CoV-2 3CLpro with an IC50 value of 4.18 μM. Further studies revealed that the catechol core is essential for activity and can covalently bind to SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Among other 45 catechol derivatives, wedelolactone, capsazepine and brazilin showed better SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 1.35 μM, 1.95 μM and 1.18 μM, respectively. These catechol derivatives were verified to be irreversible covalent inhibitors by time-dependent experiments, enzymatic kinetic studies, dilution and dialysis assays. It also exhibited good selectivity towards different cysteine proteases (SARS-CoV-2 PLpro, cathepsin B and cathepsin L). Subsequently, the binding affinity between brazilin and SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro was determined by SPR assay with KD value of 0.80 μM. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations study showed the binding mode of brazilin in the target protein. In particular, brazilin displayed good anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in A549-hACE2-TMPRSS2 cells with EC50 values of 7.85 ± 0.20 μM and 5.24 ± 0.21 μM for full time and post-infection treatments, respectively. This study provides a promising lead compound for the development of novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Donglan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China
| | - Dingding Gao
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jinwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Jingxian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Health and Quarantine Laboratory, Guangzhou Customs District Technology Center, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Yixin Cen
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ping Tian
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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29
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Sever B, Otsuka M, Fujita M, Ciftci H. A Review of FDA-Approved Anti-HIV-1 Drugs, Anti-Gag Compounds, and Potential Strategies for HIV-1 Eradication. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3659. [PMID: 38612471 PMCID: PMC11012182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an enormous global health threat stemming from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Up to now, the tremendous advances in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) have shifted HIV-1 infection from a fatal illness into a manageable chronic disorder. However, the presence of latent reservoirs, the multifaceted nature of HIV-1, drug resistance, severe off-target effects, poor adherence, and high cost restrict the efficacy of current cART targeting the distinct stages of the virus life cycle. Therefore, there is an unmet need for the discovery of new therapeutics that not only bypass the limitations of the current therapy but also protect the body's health at the same time. The main goal for complete HIV-1 eradication is purging latently infected cells from patients' bodies. A potential strategy called "lock-in and apoptosis" targets the budding phase of the life cycle of the virus and leads to susceptibility to apoptosis of HIV-1 infected cells for the elimination of HIV-1 reservoirs and, ultimately, for complete eradication. The current work intends to present the main advantages and disadvantages of United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-HIV-1 drugs as well as plausible strategies for the design and development of more anti-HIV-1 compounds with better potency, favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, and improved safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgin Sever
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Türkiye;
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Halilibrahim Ciftci
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Türkiye
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30
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Mahajan PS, Smith SJ, Li M, Craigie R, Hughes SH, Zhao XZ, Burke TR. N-Substituted Bicyclic Carbamoyl Pyridones: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors that Potently Inhibit Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Integrase Mutants. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:917-927. [PMID: 38346249 PMCID: PMC10928719 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
HIV-1 integrase (IN) is an important molecular target for the development of anti-AIDS drugs. A recently FDA-approved second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) cabotegravir (CAB, 2021) is being marketed for use in long-duration antiviral formulations. However, missed doses during extended therapy can potentially result in persistent low levels of CAB that could select for resistant mutant forms of IN, leading to virological failure. We report a series of N-substituted bicyclic carbamoyl pyridones (BiCAPs) that are simplified analogs of CAB. Several of these potently inhibit wild-type HIV-1 in single-round infection assays in cultured cells and retain high inhibitory potencies against a panel of viral constructs carrying resistant mutant forms of IN. Our lead compound, 7c, proved to be more potent than CAB against the therapeutically important resistant double mutants E138K/Q148K (>12-fold relative to CAB) and G140S/Q148R (>36-fold relative to CAB). A significant number of the BiCAPs also potently inhibit the drug-resistant IN mutant R263K, which has proven to be problematic for the FDA-approved second-generation INSTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj S Mahajan
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Steven J Smith
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Min Li
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Robert Craigie
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Stephen H Hughes
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Xue Zhi Zhao
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Terrence R Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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31
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Du S, Hu X, Menéndez-Arias L, Zhan P, Liu X. Target-based drug design strategies to overcome resistance to antiviral agents: opportunities and challenges. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101053. [PMID: 38301487 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections have a major impact in human health. Ongoing viral transmission and escalating selective pressure have the potential to favor the emergence of vaccine- and antiviral drug-resistant viruses. Target-based approaches for the design of antiviral drugs can play a pivotal role in combating drug-resistant challenges. Drug design computational tools facilitate the discovery of novel drugs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current drug design strategies employed in the field of antiviral drug resistance, illustrated through the description of a series of successful applications. These strategies include technologies that enhance compound-target affinity while minimizing interactions with mutated binding pockets. Furthermore, emerging approaches such as virtual screening, targeted protein/RNA degradation, and resistance analysis during drug design have been harnessed to curtail the emergence of drug resistance. Additionally, host targeting antiviral drugs offer a promising avenue for circumventing viral mutation. The widespread adoption of these refined drug design strategies will effectively address the prevailing challenge posed by antiviral drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xueping Hu
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Luis Menéndez-Arias
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China; China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China; China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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32
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Wong XK, Ng CS, Yeong KY. Shaping the future of antiviral Treatment: Spotlight on Nucleobase-Containing drugs and their revolutionary impact. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107150. [PMID: 38309002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Nucleobases serve as essential molecular frameworks present in both natural and synthetic compounds that exhibit notable antiviral activity. Through molecular modifications, novel nucleobase-containing drugs (NCDs) have been developed, exhibiting enhanced antiviral activity against a wide range of viruses, including the recently emerged SARS‑CoV‑2. This article provides a detailed examination of the significant advancements in NCDs from 2015 till current, encompassing various aspects concerning their mechanisms of action, pharmacology and antiviral properties. Additionally, the article discusses antiviral prodrugs relevant to the scope of this review. It fills in the knowledge gap by examining the structure-activity relationship and trend of NCDs as therapeutics against a diverse range of viral diseases, either as approved drugs, clinical candidates or as early-stage development prospects. Moreover, the article highlights on the status of this field of study and addresses the prevailing limitations encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Khai Wong
- School of Science, Monash University (Malaysia Campus), Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chen Seng Ng
- School of Science, Monash University (Malaysia Campus), Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University (Malaysia Campus), Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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33
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Payra S, Manjhi PK, Singh S, Kumar R, Singh SK, Kumar A, Maharshi V. HIV cure: Are we going to make history? HIV Med 2024; 25:322-331. [PMID: 37821095 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is the mainstay for the treatment of people living with HIV/AIDS. cART can suppress the viral load to a minimal level; however, the possibility of the emergence of full-blown AIDS is always there. In the latter part of the first decade of the 21st century, an HIV-positive person received stem cell transplantation (SCT) for treatment of his haematological malignancy. The patient was able to achieve remission of the haematological condition as well as of HIV following SCT. Thorough investigations of various samples including blood and biopsy could not detect the virus in the person's body. The person was declared to be the first cured case of HIV. LITERATURE SEARCH Over the next decade, a few more similar cases were observed and have recently been declared cured of the infection. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane library and Google Scholar. Four such additional cases were found in literature. DESCRIPTION & DISCUSSION These cases all share a common proposed mechanism for the HIV cure, that is, transplantation of stem cells from donors carrying a homozygous mutation in a gene encoding for CCR5 (receptor utilized by HIV for entry into the host cell), denoted as CCR5△32. This mutation makes the host immune cells devoid of CCR5, causing the host to acquire resistance against HIV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to look at relevant and updated information of all cured cases of HIV as well as the related landmarks in history and discusses the underlying mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvasree Payra
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Manjhi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Shruti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Vikas Maharshi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
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Wang J, Yuan X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Han M, Lu H, Liu S, Zhang Y, Ge F, Liu Y, Cheng J. PreS1BP mediates inhibition of Hepatitis B virus replication by promoting HBx protein degradation. Virus Res 2024; 341:199326. [PMID: 38253259 PMCID: PMC10846407 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PreS1-binding protein (PreS1BP), recognized as a nucleolar protein and tumor suppressor, influences the replication of various viruses, including vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Its role in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and the underlying mechanisms, however, remain elusive. METHODS We investigated PreS1BP expression levels in an HBV-replicating cell and animal model and analyzed the impact of its overexpression on viral replication metrics. HBV DNA, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg), and HBV RNA levels were assessed in HBV-expressing stable cell lines under varying PreS1BP conditions. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays were used to detect PreS1BP- hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) interactions and HBx stability modulated by PreS1BP. RESULTS Our study revealed a marked decrease in PreS1BP expression in the presence of active HBV replication. Functional assays showed that PreS1BP overexpression significantly inhibited HBV replication and transcription, evidenced by the reduction in HBV DNA, cccDNA, HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBV RNA levels. At the molecular level, PreS1BP facilitated the degradation of HBx in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown of PreS1BP led to an increase in HBx levels. Subsequent investigations uncovered that PreS1BP accelerated HBx protein degradation via K63-linked ubiquitination in a ubiquitin-proteasome system-dependent manner. Co-immunoprecipitation assays further established that PreS1BP enhances the recruitment of the proteasome 20S subunit alpha 3 (PSMA3) for interaction with HBx, thereby fostering its degradation. CONCLUSIONS These findings unveil a previously unidentified mechanism wherein PreS1BP mediates HBx protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, consequentially inhibiting HBV replication. This insight positions PreS1BP as a promising therapeutic target for future HBV interventions. Further studies are warranted to explore the clinical applicability of modulating PreS1BP in HBV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; The Division of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yun Wang
- The Division of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Division of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Ming Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; The Division of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Hongping Lu
- Hebei Utu Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 052165, China
| | - Shunai Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; The Division of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Feilin Ge
- Department of Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Jun Cheng
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China; Hebei Utu Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 052165, China.
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35
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Wolstenholme AJ, Andersen EC, Choudhary S, Ebner F, Hartmann S, Holden-Dye L, Kashyap SS, Krücken J, Martin RJ, Midha A, Nejsum P, Neveu C, Robertson AP, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Walker R, Wang J, Whitehead BJ, Williams PDE. Getting around the roundworms: Identifying knowledge gaps and research priorities for the ascarids. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2024; 123:51-123. [PMID: 38448148 PMCID: PMC11143470 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The ascarids are a large group of parasitic nematodes that infect a wide range of animal species. In humans, they cause neglected diseases of poverty; many animal parasites also cause zoonotic infections in people. Control measures include hygiene and anthelmintic treatments, but they are not always appropriate or effective and this creates a continuing need to search for better ways to reduce the human, welfare and economic costs of these infections. To this end, Le Studium Institute of Advanced Studies organized a two-day conference to identify major gaps in our understanding of ascarid parasites with a view to setting research priorities that would allow for improved control. The participants identified several key areas for future focus, comprising of advances in genomic analysis and the use of model organisms, especially Caenorhabditis elegans, a more thorough appreciation of the complexity of host-parasite (and parasite-parasite) communications, a search for novel anthelmintic drugs and the development of effective vaccines. The participants agreed to try and maintain informal links in the future that could form the basis for collaborative projects, and to co-operate to organize future meetings and workshops to promote ascarid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Wolstenholme
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, ISP, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Erik C Andersen
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shivani Choudhary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Friederike Ebner
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Institute for Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lindy Holden-Dye
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sudhanva S Kashyap
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jürgen Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ankur Midha
- Institute for Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cedric Neveu
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, ISP, Nouzilly, France
| | - Alan P Robertson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Robert Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jianbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | | | - Paul D E Williams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Citarella A, Vittorio S, Dank C, Ielo L. Syntheses, reactivity, and biological applications of coumarins. Front Chem 2024; 12:1362992. [PMID: 38440776 PMCID: PMC10909861 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1362992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review, covering 2021-2023, explores the multifaceted chemical and pharmacological potential of coumarins, emphasizing their significance as versatile natural derivatives in medicinal chemistry. The synthesis and functionalization of coumarins have advanced with innovative strategies. This enabled the incorporation of diverse functional fragments or the construction of supplementary cyclic architectures, thereby the biological and physico-chemical properties of the compounds obtained were enhanced. The unique chemical structure of coumarine facilitates binding to various targets through hydrophobic interactions pi-stacking, hydrogen bonding, and dipole-dipole interactions. Therefore, this important scaffold exhibits promising applications in uncountable fields of medicinal chemistry (e.g., neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Citarella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Vittorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Christian Dank
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Ielo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Comia IR, Manuel L, Miambo RD, Carimo AA, Manjate PDF, Maholela AE, Banze LR, Buene TP, Nhancupe N, Sousa IM, Benson CA, Schooley RT, Sacarlal J, Noormahomed EV. A Cross Sectional Study on the Bidirectional Interactions Between Leptospirosis and HIV Infection Among Patients from Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique. Res Rep Trop Med 2024; 15:1-11. [PMID: 38371361 PMCID: PMC10871144 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s445878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aims to determine the baseline seroprevalence of leptospirosis, a zoonotic and neglected disease, in people living with HIV (PWH) in Maputo, Mozambique, and to evaluate the relationship between selected HIV-related factors that might influence risk of coinfection with leptospirosis, such as degree of immunosuppression, as assessed by CD4 cell count, World Health Organization (WHO) HIV/AIDS clinical stage and antiretroviral therapy (ART) intake. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional analysis of 157 PWH, aged over 18 years old, admitted to the Maputo Central Hospital, in Maputo, Mozambique, between March 2020 and October 2021. The study participants were recruited as a convenience sample regardless of the reasons for their admission. We collected sociodemographic and clinical data, including ART and WHO HIV/AIDS clinical stage, and blood for CD4 cell count and detection of Leptospira IgG antibodies using a commercial Kit ab247199 Leptospira IgG ELISA (www.abcam.com/ab247199) with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 97.3%, respectively. Laboratory testing was performed at the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University and Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, in Maputo. Results Participants were aged 18 to 72 years (median age 39 years; SD ± 10.5), the majority were female 100 (63.7%), from urban areas 138 (87.9%), with secondary-level education 80 (51%). The overall seroprevalence of Leptospira IgG antibodies was 40.1%. The median CD4 cell count was 385 cells/µl (02 to 2297; SD ± 378.47). Higher seroprevalence of Leptospira antibodies was found among participants with CD4 cell counts <250 cells/µl (54.8%), WHO HIV/AIDS stage IV (70.2%) and those on ART (92%), though there were no statistically significant differences between groups with and without Leptospira antibodies. Conclusion Our study confirmed that Leptospira antibodies are highly prevalent in PWH in Maputo; however, Leptospira infection was not associated with the degree of immunosuppression, WHO HIV/AIDS clinical stage, or the use of ART. Our data support the need for routine screening for leptospirosis in PWH in Mozambique. Future studies are warranted to characterize the incidence and outcomes of symptomatic leptospirosis in this patient population and to identify circulating serovars and species in the country and region, as well as the implicated reservoirs.
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Grants
- research work and student fellowship
- the National Institutes of Health
- Fogarty International Center
- titled Enhanced Advanced Biomedical Training in Mozambique
- Additionally, RTS and EVN received support from the above-mentioned grant to support their efforts as PI and co-PI, respectively. RDM, IMS, LB, and TB received support from the above grant as mentors. NN, AC, PFM, AM, CAB, RTS, JS, and EVN received support from the grant number R25TW011216 also from NIH-FIC and PEPFAR. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funders
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Affiliation(s)
- Isac Rodrigues Comia
- Department of Research and Extension, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lúrio University, Nampula, Mozambique
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Leonardo Manuel
- Department of Research and Extension, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lúrio University, Nampula, Mozambique
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Regina Daniel Miambo
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Para-Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Awa Abdul Carimo
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Percílio da Floca Manjate
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ana Edith Maholela
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Medicine, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Lucas Raimundo Banze
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Titos Paulo Buene
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Noémia Nhancupe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Irina M Sousa
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Constance A Benson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert T Schooley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jahit Sacarlal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Emília Virgínia Noormahomed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
- Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Ye L, Lam SZ, Yang L, Suzuki K, Zou Y, Lin Q, Zhang Y, Clark P, Peng L, Chen S. AAV-mediated delivery of a Sleeping Beauty transposon and an mRNA-encoded transposase for the engineering of therapeutic immune cells. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:132-148. [PMID: 37430157 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Engineering cells for adoptive therapy requires overcoming limitations in cell viability and, in the efficiency of transgene delivery, the duration of transgene expression and the stability of genomic integration. Here we report a gene-delivery system consisting of a Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase encoded into a messenger RNA delivered by an adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding an SB transposon that includes the desired transgene, for mediating the permanent integration of the transgene. Compared with lentiviral vectors and with the electroporation of plasmids of transposon DNA or minicircle DNA, the gene-delivery system, which we named MAJESTIC (for 'mRNA AAV-SB joint engineering of stable therapeutic immune cells'), offers prolonged transgene expression, as well as higher transgene expression, therapeutic-cell yield and cell viability. MAJESTIC can deliver chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) into T cells (which we show lead to strong anti-tumour activity in vivo) and also transduce natural killer cells, myeloid cells and induced pluripotent stem cells with bi-specific CARs, kill-switch CARs and synthetic T-cell receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lupeng Ye
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Stanley Z Lam
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luojia Yang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Molecular Cell Biology, Genetics, and Development Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kazushi Suzuki
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yongji Zou
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qianqian Lin
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul Clark
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Molecular Cell Biology, Genetics, and Development Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Immunobiology Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Moso MA, Lim CK, Williams E, Marshall C, McCarthy J, Williamson DA. Prevention and post-exposure management of occupational exposure to Ebola virus. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 24:e93-e105. [PMID: 37722397 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
There have been significant advances in the prevention and management of Ebola virus disease (EVD) caused by Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV), including the development of two effective vaccines, rVSV-ZEBOV and Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo. In addition, ZEBOV monoclonal antibodies have become first-line therapy for EVD. However, the 2022-23 outbreak of Sudan Ebola virus (SUDV) in Uganda has highlighted the gap in current therapies and vaccines, whose efficacy is uncertain against non-ZEBOV species. Health-care and laboratory staff working in EVD treatment centres or Ebola virus diagnostic and research laboratories face unique risks relating to potential occupational exposure to Ebola viruses. Given the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with EVD, facilities should have strategies in place to manage occupational exposures, including consideration of post-exposure therapies. In this Review, we discuss currently available evidence for prevention and post-exposure prophylaxis of EVD, including therapies currently under evaluation for SUDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Moso
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Chuan K Lim
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eloise Williams
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Caroline Marshall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James McCarthy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Deborah A Williamson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Gillespie SW, Reddy AS, Burris DM, Naqvi SH, Byrareddy SN, Lorson CL, Singh K. Islatravir: evaluation of clinical development for HIV and HBV. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:85-93. [PMID: 38235744 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2305130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Islatravir (ISL) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor (NRTTI) that inhibits HIV RT through multiple mechanisms. Contrary to all approved NtRTIs, islatravir retains a 3'OH group. In vitro and clinical data show that ISL is an ultrapotent investigational drug with high tolerability. AREAS COVERED The historical development of islatravir and its mechanisms of HIV and HBV inhibition and resistance are covered. Additionally, the outcomes of Phase I and Phase II clinical trials are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Current first-line antiretroviral therapy, preexposure, and postexposure prophylactic interventions are highly effective in maintaining low or undetectable viral load. Despite these measures, an unusually high rate of new infections every year warrants developing novel antivirals that can suppress drug-resistant HIV and improve compliance. ISL, an NRTTI once deemed a long-acting drug, was placed on a clinical hold. The outcome of ongoing clinical trials with a reduced ISL dose will decide its future clinical application. Additionally, MK-8527, which inhibits HIV via same mechanism as that of ISL may supersede ISL. Data on ISL inhibition of HBV are scarce, and preclinical data show dramatically lower ISL efficacy against HBV than currently preferred nucleos(t)ide drugs, indicating that ISL may not be a potent anti-HBV drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Athreya S Reddy
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dana M Burris
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - S Hasan Naqvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Christian L Lorson
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kamal Singh
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Sawant‐Basak A, Bergman AJ, Mancuso J, Tripathy S, Gosset JR, Mendes da Costa L, Esler WP, Calle RA. Investigation of pharmacokinetic drug interaction between clesacostat and DGAT2 inhibitor ervogastat in healthy adult participants. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13687. [PMID: 38362827 PMCID: PMC10870243 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Co-administration of clesacostat (acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor, PF-05221304) and ervogastat (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase inhibitor, PF-06865571) in laboratory models improved non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) end points and mitigated clesacostat-induced elevations in circulating triglycerides. Clesacostat is cleared via organic anion-transporting polypeptide-mediated hepatic uptake and cytochrome P450 family 3A (CYP3A); in vitro clesacostat is identified as a potential CYP3A time-dependent inactivator. In vitro ervogastat is identified as a substrate and potential inducer of CYP3A. Prior to longer-term efficacy trials in participants with NAFLD, safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) were evaluated in a phase I, non-randomized, open-label, fixed-sequence trial in healthy participants. In Cohort 1, participants (n = 7) received clesacostat 15 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) alone (Days 1-7) and co-administered with ervogastat 300 mg b.i.d. (Days 8-14). Mean systemic clesacostat exposures, when co-administered with ervogastat, decreased by 12% and 19%, based on maximum plasma drug concentration and area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve during the dosing interval, respectively. In Cohort 2, participants (n = 9) received ervogastat 300 mg b.i.d. alone (Days 1-7) and co-administered with clesacostat 15 mg b.i.d. (Days 8-14). There were no meaningful differences in systemic ervogastat exposures when administered alone or with clesacostat. Clesacostat 15 mg b.i.d. and ervogastat 300 mg b.i.d. co-administration was overall safe and well tolerated in healthy participants. Cumulative safety and no clinically meaningful PK drug interactions observed in this study supported co-administration of these two novel agents in additional studies exploring efficacy and safety in the management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sawant‐Basak
- Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical DevelopmentWorldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Arthur J. Bergman
- Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical DevelopmentWorldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jessica Mancuso
- Statistics, Early Clinical DevelopmentWorldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sakambari Tripathy
- Clinical Assay GroupGlobal Product Development, Pfizer Inc.GrotonConnecticutUSA
| | - James R. Gosset
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Medicine DesignWorldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - William P. Esler
- Internal Medicine Research UnitWorldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Roberto A. Calle
- Internal Medicine Research UnitWorldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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Džidić-Krivić A, Sher EK, Kusturica J, Farhat EK, Nawaz A, Sher F. Unveiling drug induced nephrotoxicity using novel biomarkers and cutting-edge preventive strategies. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 388:110838. [PMID: 38104745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is still a significant obstacle in pharmacotherapy of various diseases and it accounts for around 25 % of serious side-effects reported after drug administration. Furthermore, some groups of drugs such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, antiviral drugs, antifungal drugs, immunosuppressants, and chemotherapeutic drugs have the "preference" for damaging the kidney and are often referred to as the kidney's "silent killer". Clinically, the onset of acute kidney injury associated with drug administration is registered in approximately 20 % of patients and many of them develop chronic kidney disease vulnerability. However, current knowledge about the mechanisms underlying this dangerous phenomenon is still insufficient with many unknowns. Hence, the valuable use of these drugs in clinical practice is significantly limited. The main aim of this study is to draw attention to commonly prescribed nephrotoxic drugs by clinicians or drugs bought over the counter. In addition, the complex relationship between immunological, vascular and inflammatory events that promote kidney damage is discussed. The practical use of this knowledge could be implemented in the engineering of novel biomarkers for early detection of drug-associated kidney damage such as Kidney Injury Molecule (KIM-1), lipocalin associated with neutrophil gelatinase (NGAL) and various microRNAs. In addition, the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) for the development of computer algorithms that could detect kidney damage at an early stage should be further explored. Therefore, this comprehensive review provides a new outlook on drug nephrotoxicity that opens the door for further clinical research of novel potential drugs or natural products for the prevention of drug-induced nephrotoxicity and accessible education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Džidić-Krivić
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Zenica, Zenica, 72000, Bosnia and Herzegovina; International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emina K Sher
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Jasna Kusturica
- Faculty of Medicine,Univerisity of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Esma K Farhat
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Technology, Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, 31000, Croatia
| | - Asma Nawaz
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
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Chen X, Wang X. The HIV-1 gag p6: a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Retrovirology 2024; 21:1. [PMID: 38263239 PMCID: PMC10807055 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-024-00633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The p6 domain of the Gag precursors (Gag p6) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) plays multifunctional roles in the viral life cycle. It utilizes the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system to facilitate viral budding and release from the plasma membrane through the interactions with the ESCRT-I component tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) and with the ALG-2 interacting protein X (ALIX). Moreover, Gag p6 contributes to viral replication by a range of posttranslational modifications such as SUMOylation, ubiquitination and phosphorylation. Additionally, Gag p6 also mediates the incorporation of the accessory protein Vpr into virions, thereby promoting Vpr-induced viral replication. However, less attention is focused on Gag p6 as therapeutic intervention. This review focuses on the structures and diverse functions of Gag p6 in viral replication, host cells, and pathogenesis. Additionally, several challenges were also discussed in studying the structure of Gag p6 and its interactions with partners. Consequently, it concludes that the Gag p6 represents an attractive target for the development of antiretroviral drugs, and efforts to develop p6-targeted antiretrovirals are expected to undergo significant growth in the forthcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, China
- Medicine & Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, China.
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Khalifa HO, Al Ramahi YM. After the Hurricane: Anti-COVID-19 Drugs Development, Molecular Mechanisms of Action and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:739. [PMID: 38255813 PMCID: PMC10815681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new coronavirus in the Coronaviridae family. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has undoubtedly been the largest crisis of the twenty-first century, resulting in over 6.8 million deaths and 686 million confirmed cases, creating a global public health issue. Hundreds of notable articles have been published since the onset of this pandemic to justify the cause of viral spread, viable preventive measures, and future therapeutic approaches. As a result, this review was developed to provide a summary of the current anti-COVID-19 drugs, as well as their timeline, molecular mode of action, and efficacy. It also sheds light on potential future treatment options. Several medications, notably hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir, were initially claimed to be effective in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 but eventually demonstrated inadequate activity, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) withdrew hydroxychloroquine. Clinical trials and investigations, on the other hand, have demonstrated the efficacy of remdesivir, convalescent plasma, and monoclonal antibodies, 6-Thioguanine, hepatitis C protease inhibitors, and molnupiravir. Other therapeutics, including inhaled medicines, flavonoids, and aptamers, could pave the way for the creation of novel anti-COVID-19 therapies. As future pandemics are unavoidable, this article urges immediate action and extensive research efforts to develop potent specialized anti-COVID-19 medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazim O. Khalifa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Yousef M. Al Ramahi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates;
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Lembas A, Załęski A, Peller M, Mikuła T, Wiercińska-Drapało A. Human Immunodeficiency Virus as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:1-14. [PMID: 37982976 PMCID: PMC10838226 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The developments in HIV treatments have increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH), a situation that makes cardiovascular disease (CVD) in that population as relevant as ever. PLWH are at increased risk of CVD, and our understanding of the underlying mechanisms is continually increasing. HIV infection is associated with elevated levels of multiple proinflammatory molecules, including IL-6, IL-1β, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, TNF-α, TGF-β, osteopontin, sCD14, hs-CRP, and D-dimer. Other currently examined mechanisms include CD4 + lymphocyte depletion, increased intestinal permeability, microbial translocation, and altered cholesterol metabolism. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to decreases in the concentrations of the majority of proinflammatory molecules, although most remain higher than in the general population. Moreover, adverse effects of ART also play an important role in increased CVD risk, especially in the era of rapid advancement of new therapeutical options. Nevertheless, it is currently believed that HIV plays a more significant role in the development of metabolic syndromes than treatment-associated factors. PLWH being more prone to develop CVD is also due to the higher prevalence of smoking and chronic coinfections with viruses such as HCV and HBV. For these reasons, it is crucial to consider HIV a possible causal factor in CVD occurrence, especially among young patients or individuals without common CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lembas
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Załęski
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Peller
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mikuła
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Wiercińska-Drapało
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
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Barchielli G, Capperucci A, Tanini D. Therapeutic cysteine protease inhibitors: a patent review (2018-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:17-49. [PMID: 38445468 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2327299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cysteine proteases are involved in a broad range of biological functions, ranging from extracellular matrix turnover to immunity. Playing an important role in the onset and progression of several diseases, including cancer, immune-related and neurodegenerative disease, viral and parasitic infections, cysteine proteases represent an attractive drug target for the development of therapeutic tools. AREAS COVERED Recent scientific and patent literature focusing on the design and study of cysteine protease inhibitors with potential therapeutic application has been reviewed. EXPERT OPINION The discovery of a number of effective structurally diverse cysteine protease inhibitors opened up new challenges and opportunities for the development of therapeutic tools. Mechanistic studies and the availability of X-ray crystal structures of some proteases, alone and in complex with inhibitors, provide crucial information for the rational design and development of efficient and selective cysteine protease inhibitors as preclinical candidates for the treatment of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Barchielli
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino FI, Italy
| | - Antonella Capperucci
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino FI, Italy
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47
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Comley-White N, Ntsiea V, Potterton J. Physical functioning in adolescents with perinatal HIV. AIDS Care 2024; 36:60-69. [PMID: 37229771 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2214862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal HIV impacts on growth and development in childhood, with physical impairments such as growth limitations, decreased physical activity, reduced exercise tolerance and cardiopulmonary dysfunction continuing into adolescence. There is limited data on other physical functioning domains in perinatally HIV-infected adolescents (PHIVA) thus the aim of this study was to establish the physical sequelae of perinatal HIV in adolescents. This South African cross-sectional study compared PHIVA with HIV-negative adolescents, assessing anthropometry, muscle strength, endurance and motor performance. All ethical considerations were adhered to. The study included 147 PHIVA and 102 HIV-negative adolescents, aged 10-16 years. The majority (87.1%) of PHIVA were virally suppressed however, they still showed significant deficits in height (p < 0.001), weight (p < 0.001) and BMI (p = 0.004). Both groups performed poorly in muscle strength and endurance but did not differ significantly. In motor performance, the PHIVA scored significantly lower for manual dexterity and balance, with significantly more PHIVA with motor difficulty. A regression analysis showed that viral suppression predicted muscle strength (p = 0.032) and age positively predicted endurance (p = 0.044) and negatively predicated aiming and catching (p = 0.009). In conclusion, PHIVA face growth deficits and challenges with motor performance, especially with manual dexterity and balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Comley-White
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Veronica Ntsiea
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Joanne Potterton
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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48
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Kishimoto N, Misumi S. From Glycolysis to Viral Defense: The Multifaceted Impact of Glycolytic Enzymes on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:905-911. [PMID: 38692867 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Viruses require host cells to replicate and proliferate, which indicates that viruses hijack the cellular machinery. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) primarily infects CD4-positive T cells, and efficiently uses cellular proteins to replicate. Cells already have proteins that inhibit the replication of the foreign HIV-1, but their function is suppressed by viral proteins. Intriguingly, HIV-1 infection also changes the cellular metabolism to aerobic glycolysis. This phenomenon has been interpreted as a cellular response to maintain homeostasis during viral infection, yet HIV-1 efficiently replicates even in this environment. In this review, we discuss the regulatory role of glycolytic enzymes in viral replication and the impact of aerobic glycolysis on viral infection by introducing various host proteins involved in viral replication. Furthermore, we would like to propose a "glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-induced shock (G-shock) and kill strategy" that maximizes the antiviral effect of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) to eliminate latently HIV-1-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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Sun W, Zhang N, Ren X, Wu D, Jia Y, Wei Q, Ju H. Nano-matrixes propped self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence biosensor for microRNA detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115750. [PMID: 37844387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are the potential biomarker for breast cancer, a biosensor for detecting miRNA-21 was successfully prepared by covalently linking carbohydrazide (CON4H6) and tris (4,4 '- dicarboxylic acid-2,2' - bipyridyl) ruthenium dichloride (Ru (dcbpy)32+) as a self-enhanced emitter (Ru-CON4H6). The biosensor was prepared by coating the electrode with mesoporous silica encapsulated Ru-CON4H6 as luminophores (RMSNs) to covalently link a couple of DNA strands (Q1-H2). The RMSNs coated electrode exhibited strong ECL emission due to the intramolecular electron transfer between the electrochemically oxidized Ru (dcbpy)32+ and co-reactant CON4H6. In the presence of target miRNA-21 and an assistant hairpin H1, H2 could be released from the surface through a strand displacement reaction (SDR), and the reserved Q1 could form G-quadruplex upon the addition of K+. The formed G-quadruplex then interacted with Q2-Fc in the presence of Mg2+ to form a DNA complex on the biosensor surface, which quenched the nano-matrixes propped self-enhanced ECL emission through the electron exchange between Fc and electrode or oxidized ECL intermediates. Under optimal conditions, the ECL decrease showed a correlation with target concentration, leading to a biosensing method for sensitive detection of miRNA-21. The proposed ECL method demonstrated a detectable concentration range from 0.1 fM to 1 nM along with a detection limit of 0.03 fM, good accuracy, and acceptable reproducibility, showing that the self-enhanced ECL biosensing strategy supported by nano-matrix provided a new way for the ultrasensitive detection of miRNA, and promoted the development of breast cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Nuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China.
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China; Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Huangxian Ju
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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50
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Xu S, Sun L, Barnett M, Zhang X, Ding D, Gattu A, Shi D, Taka JRH, Shen W, Jiang X, Cocklin S, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Goldstone DC, Liu X, Dick A, Zhan P. Discovery, Crystallographic Studies, and Mechanistic Investigations of Novel Phenylalanine Derivatives Bearing a Quinazolin-4-one Scaffold as Potent HIV Capsid Modulators. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16303-16329. [PMID: 38054267 PMCID: PMC10790229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of compound 11L led to the identification of novel HIV capsid modulators, quinazolin-4-one-bearing phenylalanine derivatives, displaying potent antiviral activities against both HIV-1 and HIV-2. Notably, derivatives 12a2 and 21a2 showed significant improvements, with 2.5-fold over 11L and 7.3-fold over PF74 for HIV-1, and approximately 40-fold over PF74 for HIV-2. The X-ray co-crystal structures confirmed the multiple pocket occupation of 12a2 and 21a2 in the binding site. Mechanistic studies revealed a dual-stage inhibition profile, where the compounds disrupted capsid-host factor interactions at the early stage and promoted capsid misassembly at the late stage. Remarkably, 12a2 and 21a2 significantly promoted capsid misassembly, outperforming 11L, PF74, and LEN. The substitution of easily metabolized amide bond with quinolin-4-one marginally enhanced the stability of 12a2 in human liver microsomes compared to controls. Overall, 12a2 and 21a2 highlight their potential as potent HIV capsid modulators, paving the way for future advancements in anti-HIV drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Michael Barnett
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds St, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Xujie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dang Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Anushka Gattu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Dazhou Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jamie R H Taka
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds St, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Wenli Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiangyi Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Simon Cocklin
- Specifica Inc., The Santa Fe Railyard, 1607 Alcaldesa Street, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, United States
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David C Goldstone
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds St, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Alexej Dick
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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