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Zhao Q, Telu S, Jana S, Morse CL, Pike VW. Isotopologues of potassium 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxide for applications in positron emission tomography and beyond. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5798. [PMID: 38987549 PMCID: PMC11237122 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group increasingly features in drugs and potential tracers for biomedical imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). Herein, we describe a rapid and transition metal-free conversion of fluoroform with paraformaldehyde into highly reactive potassium 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxide (CF3CH2OK) and demonstrate robust applications of this synthon in one-pot, two-stage 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxylations of both aromatic and aliphatic precursors. Moreover, we show that these transformations translate easily to fluoroform that has been labeled with either carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) or fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 109.8 min), so allowing the appendage of complex molecules with a no-carrier-added 11C- or 18F- 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group. This provides scope to create candidate PET tracers with radioactive and metabolically stable 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy moieties. We also exemplify syntheses of isotopologues of potassium 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxide and show their utility for stable isotopic labeling which can be of further benefit for drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunchao Zhao
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA
| | - Sanjay Telu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA.
| | - Susovan Jana
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA
| | - Cheryl L Morse
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA.
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2
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Veth L, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Synthesis of 18F-labeled Aryl Trifluoromethyl Sulfones, -Sulfoxides, and -Sulfides for Positron Emission Tomography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404278. [PMID: 38656696 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is becoming increasingly important in nuclear medicine and drug discovery. To date, the development of many potential PET tracers is hampered by the lack of suitable synthetic pathways for their preparation. This is particularly true for the highly desired radiolabeling of compounds bearing [18F]CF3-groups. For instance, S(O)nCF3-groups (n=0, 1, 2) serve as structural motif in a range of biologically active compounds, but their radiosynthesis remains largely unprecedented (for n=1, 2). Herein, we describe general methods for the radiosynthesis of 18F-labeled aryl trifluoromethyl sulfones, -sulfoxides, and -sulfides. All three methods are operationally straightforward, start from widely available precursors, i.e., sulfonyl fluorides and thiophenols, and make use of the recently established [18F]Ruppert-Prakash reagent. Further, the syntheses display good functional group tolerance as demonstrated by the 18F-labeling of more than 40 compounds. The applicability of the new method is demonstrated by the radiolabeling of three bioactive molecules, optionally to be used as PET tracers. In a broader context, this work presents a substantial expansion of the chemical space of radiofluorinated structural motifs to be used for the development of new PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Veth
- Dept. of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Dept. of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Dept. of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Veth L, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Synthesis of 18F-labelled aryl trifluoromethyl ketones with improved molar activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6801-6804. [PMID: 38869169 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01776e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
A method for the radiosynthesis of 18F-labelled aryl trifluoromethyl ketones starting from widely available Weinreb amides using [18F]fluoroform is presented. The method uses potassium hexamethyldisilazane as base and delivers products in high molar activity (up to 24 GBq μmol-1) and excellent radiochemical conversions. The applicability for PET tracer synthesis is demonstrated by the radiosynthesis of ten (hetero)aryl trifluoromethylketones, bearing electron-withdrawing and -donating substituents including a derivative of bioactive probenecid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Veth
- Dept. of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Dept. of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Dept. of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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4
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Rivas M, Debnath S, Giri S, Noffel YM, Sun X, Gevorgyan V. One-Pot Formal Carboradiofluorination of Alkenes: A Toolkit for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Probe Development. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19265-19273. [PMID: 37625118 PMCID: PMC10760797 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the first one-pot formal alkene carboradiofluorination reaction employing easily accessible alkenes as both prosthetic group precursors and coupling partners. The methodology features rapid sequential Markovnikov-selective iodofluorination and photoinduced Pd(0/I/II)-catalyzed alkyl Heck reaction as a mild and robust fluorine-18 (18F) radiochemical approach for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probe development. A new class of prosthetic groups for PET imaging probe synthesis was isolated as iodofluorinated intermediates in moderate to excellent yields. The one-pot formal alkenylfluorination reaction was carried out to produce over 30 analogues of a wide range of bioactive molecules. Further application of the Pd(0/I/II) manifold in PET probe development was illustrated by the direct carbo(radio)fluorination of electron-rich alkenes. The methods were successfully translated to radiolabel a broad scope of medicinally relevant small molecules in generally good radiochemical conversion. The protocol was further optimized to accommodate no-carrier-added conditions with similar efficiency for future (pre)clinical translation. Moreover, the radiosynthesis of prosthetic groups was automated in a radiochemistry module to facilitate its practical use in multistep radiochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rivas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Sashi Debnath
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Sachin Giri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Yusuf M Noffel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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5
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Rong J, Haider A, Jeppesen TE, Josephson L, Liang SH. Radiochemistry for positron emission tomography. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3257. [PMID: 37277339 PMCID: PMC10241151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) constitutes a functional imaging technique that is harnessed to probe biological processes in vivo. PET imaging has been used to diagnose and monitor the progression of diseases, as well as to facilitate drug development efforts at both preclinical and clinical stages. The wide applications and rapid development of PET have ultimately led to an increasing demand for new methods in radiochemistry, with the aim to expand the scope of synthons amenable for radiolabeling. In this work, we provide an overview of commonly used chemical transformations for the syntheses of PET tracers in all aspects of radiochemistry, thereby highlighting recent breakthrough discoveries and contemporary challenges in the field. We discuss the use of biologicals for PET imaging and highlight general examples of successful probe discoveries for molecular imaging with PET - with a particular focus on translational and scalable radiochemistry concepts that have been entered to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Troels E Jeppesen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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6
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Luo Z, Cahard D, Tsui GC. Using Fluoroform in Trifluoromethylation Reactions. J Fluor Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2023.110092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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7
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Wang C, Lin R, Yao S. Recent Advances in 18F-Labeled Amino Acids Synthesis and Application. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102207. [PMID: 36297641 PMCID: PMC9609324 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled amino acids are an important class of agents for positron emission tomography imaging that target amino acid transporters in many tumor types. Traditional 18F-labeled amino acid synthesis strategies are always based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with multistep radiosynthesis and low radiochemical yields. In recent years, new 18F-labeling methodologies such as metal-catalyzed radiofluorination and heteroatom (B, P, S, Si, etc.)-18F bond formation are being effectively used to synthesize radiopharmaceuticals. This review focuses on recent advances in the synthesis, radiolabeling, and application of a series of 18F-labeled amino acid analogs using new 18F-labeling strategies.
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8
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Sap JBI, Meyer CF, Ford J, Straathof NJW, Dürr AB, Lelos MJ, Paisey SJ, Mollner TA, Hell SM, Trabanco AA, Genicot C, Am Ende CW, Paton RS, Tredwell M, Gouverneur V. [ 18F]Difluorocarbene for positron emission tomography. Nature 2022; 606:102-108. [PMID: 35344982 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The advent of total-body positron emission tomography (PET) has vastly broadened the range of research and clinical applications of this powerful molecular imaging technology1. Such possibilities have accelerated progress in fluorine-18 (18F) radiochemistry with numerous methods available to 18F-label (hetero)arenes and alkanes2. However, access to 18F-difluoromethylated molecules in high molar activity is mostly an unsolved problem, despite the indispensability of the difluoromethyl group for pharmaceutical drug discovery3. Here we report a general solution by introducing carbene chemistry to the field of nuclear imaging with a [18F]difluorocarbene reagent capable of a myriad of 18F-difluoromethylation processes. In contrast to the tens of known difluorocarbene reagents, this 18F-reagent is carefully designed for facile accessibility, high molar activity and versatility. The issue of molar activity is solved using an assay examining the likelihood of isotopic dilution on variation of the electronics of the difluorocarbene precursor. Versatility is demonstrated with multiple [18F]difluorocarbene-based reactions including O-H, S-H and N-H insertions, and cross-couplings that harness the reactivity of ubiquitous functional groups such as (thio)phenols, N-heteroarenes and aryl boronic acids that are easy to install. The impact is illustrated with the labelling of highly complex and functionalized biologically relevant molecules and radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen B I Sap
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Claudio F Meyer
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- Discovery Chemistry Janssen Research and Development, Toledo, Spain
| | - Joseph Ford
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Stephen J Paisey
- Wales Research and Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre (PETIC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tim A Mollner
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandrine M Hell
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Wales Research and Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre (PETIC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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9
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Pérez-García RM, Riss PJ. Mild, Organo-Catalysed Borono-Deamination as a Key to Late-Stage Pharmaceutical Precursors and 18F-Labelled Radiotracers. Front Chem 2022; 10:884478. [PMID: 35559222 PMCID: PMC9089349 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.884478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane catalysed method for the synthesis of boronic acid esters from aromatic amines in yields of up to 93% was devised. Mild conditions, benign reagents, short reaction times, low temperatures and a wide substrate scope characterize the method. The reaction was found applicable to the synthesis of boronic acid ester derivatives of complex drug molecules in up to 86% isolated yield and high purity suitable for labelling. These boronates were subsequently labelled with [18F]fluoride ion in radiochemical yields of up to 55% with and even without isolation of the boronate-intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl M. Pérez-García
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrick J. Riss
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospitals HF, Oslo, Norway
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Patrick J. Riss,
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10
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Bock L, Schultheiß SK, Maschauer S, Lasch R, Gradl S, Prante O, Zard SZ, Heinrich MR. Synthesis of 2‐(Chlorodifluoromethyl)indoles for Nucleophilic Halogen Exchange with [
18
F]Fluoride. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Bock
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Stefanie K. Schultheiß
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Simone Maschauer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schwabachanlage 12 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Roman Lasch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Susanne Gradl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Olaf Prante
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schwabachanlage 12 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique associé au CNRS Ecole Polytechnique 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
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11
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Yang RY, Gao X, Gong K, Wang J, Zeng X, Wang M, Han J, Xu B. Synthesis of ArCF 2X and [ 18F]Ar-CF 3 via Cleavage of the Trifluoromethylsulfonyl Group. Org Lett 2021; 24:164-168. [PMID: 34882424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A versatile synthesis of ArCF2X and [18F]Ar-CF3 type compounds from readily available ArCF2SO2CF3 has been developed. Diverse nucleophiles, including weak nucleophiles such as halides (18F-, Cl-, Br-, and I-), RSH, and ROH, could react with ArCF2SO2CF3 efficiently to give the corresponding difluoromethylene products. The control experiments and the Hammett plot indicated that the reaction might proceed through a difluorocarbocation intermediate generated from the steric hindrance-assisted cleavage of the trifluoromethylsulfonyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Yin Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, North Renmin Road 2999, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xinyan Gao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Xietu Road 2094, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Kehao Gong
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Xietu Road 2094, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, North Renmin Road 2999, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaojun Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junbin Han
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Xietu Road 2094, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, North Renmin Road 2999, Shanghai 201620, China
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Siméon FG, Lee JH, Morse CL, Stukes I, Zoghbi SS, Manly LS, Liow JS, Gladding RL, Dick RM, Yan X, Taliani S, Costa B, Martini C, Da Settimo F, Castellano S, Innis RB, Pike VW. Synthesis and Screening in Mice of Fluorine-Containing PET Radioligands for TSPO: Discovery of a Promising 18F-Labeled Ligand. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16731-16745. [PMID: 34756026 PMCID: PMC8817670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is a biomarker of neuroinflammation. [11C]ER176 robustly quantifies TSPO in the human brain with positron emission tomography (PET), irrespective of subject genotype. We aimed to develop an ER176 analog with potential for labeling with longer-lived fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 109.8 min). New fluoro and trifluoromethyl analogs of ER176 were prepared through a concise synthetic strategy. These ligands showed high TSPO affinity and low human genotype sensitivity. Each ligand was initially labeled by a generic 11C-methylation procedure, thereby enabling speedy screening in mice. Each radioligand was rapidly taken up and well retained in the mouse brain at baseline after intravenous injection. Preblocking of TSPO showed that high proportions of brain uptake were specifically bound to TSPO at baseline. Overall, the 3-fluoro analog of [11C]ER176 ([11C]3b) displayed the most promising imaging properties. Therefore, a method was developed to label 3b with [18F]fluoride ion. [18F]3b gave similarly promising PET imaging results and deserves evaluation in higher species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice G Siméon
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03772, South Korea
| | - Cheryl L Morse
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ian Stukes
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sami S Zoghbi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Lester S Manly
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jeih-San Liow
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Robert L Gladding
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Rachel M Dick
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Costa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Robert B Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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13
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Pees A, Beaino W, Kooijman EJM, Schreurs M, Verlaan M, Schuit RC, Vosjan MJWD, Engelsman AF, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Synthesis and evaluation of [ 18F]cinacalcet for the imaging of parathyroid hyperplasia. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 102-103:97-105. [PMID: 34743064 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parathyroid hyperplasia is a disease characterized by overactive parathyroid glands secreting increased levels of parathyroid hormone. Surgical removal of the parathyroid glands is the standard treatment but requires precise pre-operative localization of the glands. However, currently available imaging modalities show limited sensitivity. Since positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technique with high accuracy and sensitivity, our aim was to develop a new PET tracer for overactive parathyroid glands imaging by radiolabelling cinacalcet, a drug binding to the calcium-sensing receptor of the parathyroid glands. METHODS [18F]Cinacalcet was synthesized by copper-catalysed [18F]trifluoromethylation of a boronic acid precursor using high molar activity [18F]fluoroform. Ex vivo biodistribution and metabolism were evaluated in 12 healthy male Wistar rats at 5, 15, 45 and 90 min. PET scans were performed at baseline and after blocking with NPS R-568. RESULTS [18F]Cinacalcet was obtained in an overall radiosynthesis time of 1 h with a radiochemical purity of 98 ± 1%, a radiochemical yield of 8 ± 4% (overall, n = 7, corrected for decay) and a molar activity of 40 ± 11 GBq/μmol (n = 7, at EOS). The ex vivo biodistribution showed uptake in the thyroid and parathyroid glands as well as in other glands such as adrenals, salivary glands and pancreas. The tracer was rapidly cleared from the blood via liver and kidneys and showed fast metabolism. PET images confirmed uptake in the target organ. However, in a blocking study with NPS R-568 specific binding of [18F]cinacalcet to the CaSR could not be confirmed. CONCLUSIONS [18F]Cinacalcet was successfully synthesized. First in vivo experiments in healthy rats showed uptake of the tracer in the target organ and fast metabolism, encouraging further in vivo evaluation of this tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pees
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radionuclide Center, De Boelelaan 1085c, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radionuclide Center, De Boelelaan 1085c, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther J M Kooijman
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radionuclide Center, De Boelelaan 1085c, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maxime Schreurs
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radionuclide Center, De Boelelaan 1085c, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska Verlaan
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radionuclide Center, De Boelelaan 1085c, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuit
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radionuclide Center, De Boelelaan 1085c, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Anton F Engelsman
- Amsterdam UMC, VU Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radionuclide Center, De Boelelaan 1085c, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radionuclide Center, De Boelelaan 1085c, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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14
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Pees A, Vosjan MJWD, Chai JY, Cha H, Chi DY, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Evaluating N-difluoromethyltriazolium triflate as a precursor for the synthesis of high molar activity [ 18 F]fluoroform. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2021; 64:466-476. [PMID: 34382259 PMCID: PMC9293032 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The trifluoromethyl group is a prominent motif in biologically active compounds and therefore of great interest for the labeling with the positron emitter fluorine-18 for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Multiple labeling strategies have been explored in the past; however, most of them suffer from low molar activity due to precursor degradation. In this study, the potential of 1-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-3-ium triflate as precursor for the synthesis of the [18 F]trifluoromethylation building block [18 F]fluoroform with high molar activity was investigated. The triazolium precursor was reacted under various conditions with [18 F]fluoride, providing [18 F]fluoroform with radiochemical yields (RCY) and molar activities (Am ) comparable and even superior with already existing methods. Highest molar activities (Am = 153 ± 14 GBq/μmol, dc, EOS) were observed for the automated procedure on the Neptis® perform module. Due to its easy handling and good RCY and Am in the [18 F]fluoroform synthesis, the triazolium precursor is a valuable alternative to already known precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pees
- Amsterdam UMC, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radionuclide CenterVU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jin Young Chai
- Department of ChemistrySogang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyojin Cha
- Department of ChemistrySogang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Dae Yoon Chi
- Department of ChemistrySogang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Amsterdam UMC, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radionuclide CenterVU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Amsterdam UMC, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radionuclide CenterVU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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15
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Ajenjo J, Destro G, Cornelissen B, Gouverneur V. Closing the gap between 19F and 18F chemistry. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:33. [PMID: 34564781 PMCID: PMC8464544 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) has become an invaluable tool for drug discovery and diagnosis. The positron-emitting radionuclide fluorine-18 is frequently used in PET radiopharmaceuticals due to its advantageous characteristics; hence, methods streamlining access to 18F-labelled radiotracers can make a direct impact in medicine. For many years, access to 18F-labelled radiotracers was limited by the paucity of methodologies available, and the poor diversity of precursors amenable to 18F-incorporation. During the last two decades, 18F-radiochemistry has progressed at a fast pace with the appearance of numerous methodologies for late-stage 18F-incorporation onto complex molecules from a range of readily available precursors including those that do not require pre-functionalisation. Key to these advances is the inclusion of new activation modes to facilitate 18F-incorporation. Specifically, new advances in late-stage 19F-fluorination under transition metal catalysis, photoredox catalysis, and organocatalysis combined with the availability of novel 18F-labelled fluorination reagents have enabled the invention of novel processes for 18F-incorporation onto complex (bio)molecules. This review describes these major breakthroughs with a focus on methodologies for C-18F bond formation. This reinvigorated interest in 18F-radiochemistry that we have witnessed in recent years has made a direct impact on 19F-chemistry with many laboratories refocusing their efforts on the development of methods using nucleophilic fluoride instead of fluorination reagents derived from molecular fluorine gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ajenjo
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Gianluca Destro
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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16
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Britton R, Gouverneur V, Lin JH, Meanwell M, Ni C, Pupo G, Xiao JC, Hu J. Contemporary synthetic strategies in organofluorine chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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van der Wildt B, Nezam M, Kooijman EJ, Reyes ST, Shen B, Windhorst AD, Chin FT. Evaluation of carbon-11 labeled 5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N-(2-methyl-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamido)phenyl)nicotinamide as PET tracer for imaging of CSF-1R expression in the brain. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 42:116245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Pees A, Vosjan MJWD, Vasdev N, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Fluorine-18 labelled Ruppert-Prakash reagent ([ 18F]Me 3SiCF 3) for the synthesis of 18F-trifluoromethylated compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5286-5289. [PMID: 33942818 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01789f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the first synthesis and application of fluorine-18 labelled Ruppert-Prakash reagent [18F]Me3SiCF3. [18F]Me3SiCF3 was synthesized from [18F]fluoroform with radiochemical yields of 85-95% and radiochemical purities of >95% within 20 minutes. 18F-trifluoromethylated compounds were successfully prepared by reaction of [18F]Me3SiCF3 with benzaldehydes, acetophenones and benzophenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pees
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Radiology and Nuclear medicine, Radionuclide Center, De Boelelaan 1085c, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto M5T-1R8, ON, Canada
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Radiology and Nuclear medicine, Radionuclide Center, De Boelelaan 1085c, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Radiology and Nuclear medicine, Radionuclide Center, De Boelelaan 1085c, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Chai JY, Cha H, Lee SS, Oh YH, Lee S, Chi DY. Mechanistic study of nucleophilic fluorination for the synthesis of fluorine-18 labeled fluoroform with high molar activity from N-difluoromethyltriazolium triflate. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6099-6106. [PMID: 35423150 PMCID: PMC8694808 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09827b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of fluorine-18 labeled fluoroform with high molar activity has grown in importance for the development of fluorine-18 labeled aryl-CF3 radiopharmaceuticals that are useful as diagnostic radiotracers for the powerful technique of positron emission tomography (PET). We designed a strategy of synthesizing fluorine-18 labeled fluoroform from N1-difluoromethyl-N3-methyltriazolium triflate (1) via SN2 fluorination without stable fluorine isotope scrambling. Fluoroform was generated at rt in 10 min by fluorination of the triazolium precursor with TBAF (6 equiv.). We propose three routes (a), (b), and (c) for this fluorination. Quantum chemical calculations have been carried out to elucidate the mechanism of experimentally observed nucleophilic attack of fluoride at difluoromethyl group via route (a), not N3-methyl via route (b). 1H and 19F NMR studies using deuterium source have been performed to examine the competition between SN2 fluorination (route (a)) and the formation of difluorocarbene (route (c)). The observed superiority of SN2 pathway to formation of difluorocarbene in the reaction of the precursor using CsF in (CD3CN/(CD3)3COD (17.8 : 1)) gives the possibility of preparing the fluorine-18 labeled fluoroform in high molar activity. Route a: desired SN2 reaction of fluoride to form fluoroform with high molar activity; route b: side reaction to form methyl fluoride; route c: side reaction to form difluorocarbene to give fluoroform with lower molar activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Chai
- Department of Chemistry
- Sogang University
- Seoul 04107
- Korea
| | - Hyojin Cha
- Department of Chemistry
- Sogang University
- Seoul 04107
- Korea
| | - Sung-Sik Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin-si
- Korea
| | - Young-Ho Oh
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin-si
- Korea
| | - Sungyul Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin-si
- Korea
| | - Dae Yoon Chi
- Department of Chemistry
- Sogang University
- Seoul 04107
- Korea
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20
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An F, Nurili F, Sayman H, Ozer Z, Cakiroglu H, Aras O, Ting R. One-Step, Rapid, 18F- 19F Isotopic Exchange Radiolabeling of Difluoro-dioxaborinins: Substituent Effect on Stability and In Vivo Applications. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12693-12706. [PMID: 32787084 PMCID: PMC8399557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The β-diketone moiety is commonly present in many anticancer drugs, antibiotics, and natural products. We describe a general method for radiolabeling β-diketone-bearing molecules with fluoride-18. Radiolabeling was carried out via 18F-19F isotopic exchange on nonradioactive difluoro-dioxaborinins, which were generated by minimally modifying the β-diketone as a difluoroborate. Radiochemistry was one-step, rapid (<10 min), and high-yielding (>80%) and proceeded at room temperature to accommodate the half-life of F-18 (t1/2 = 110 min). High molar activities (7.4 Ci/μmol) were achieved with relatively low starting activities (16.4 mCi). It was found that substituents affected both the solvolytic stability and fluorescence properties of difluoro-dioxaborinins. An F-18 radiolabeled difluoro-dioxaborinin probe that was simultaneously fluorescent showed sufficient stability for in vivo positron emission tomography (PET)/fluorescence imaging in mice, rabbits, and patients. These findings will guide the design of probes with specific PET/fluorescence properties; the development of new PET/fluorescence dual-modality reporters; and accurate in vivo tracking of β-diketone molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei An
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413E, 69th St, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fuad Nurili
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Haluk Sayman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Fatih, Istanbul, 34303, Turkey
| | - Zahide Ozer
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413E, 69th St, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Huseyin Cakiroglu
- Medical and Experimental Research Center, Sakarya University Medical Faculty, Adapazari/Sakarya, 54290, Turkey
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Richard Ting
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413E, 69th St, New York, NY 10065, USA
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21
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Ramos-Torres KM, Zhou YP, Yang BY, Guehl NJ, Sung-Hyun M, Telu S, Normandin MD, Pike VW, Brugarolas P. Syntheses of [ 11C]2- and [ 11C]3-trifluoromethyl-4-aminopyridine: potential PET radioligands for demyelinating diseases. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1161-1167. [PMID: 33479620 PMCID: PMC7651860 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00190b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl groups are of great interest in PET radiopharmaceuticals. Radiolabelled 4-aminopyridine (4AP) derivatives have been proposed for imaging demyelinating diseases. Here, we describe methods for producing 11C-trifluoromethylated derivatives of 4AP and present early imaging results with [11C]3-trifluoromethyl-4AP in a rhesus macaque. This study shows the utility of [11C]CuCF3 for labelling pyridines and provides initial evidence for the potential use of [11C]3-trifluoromethyl-4AP as a PET radioligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla M Ramos-Torres
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging , Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA .
| | - Yu-Peng Zhou
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging , Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA .
| | - Bo Yeun Yang
- Molecular Imaging Branch , National Institute of Mental Health , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA .
| | - Nicolas J Guehl
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging , Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA .
| | - Moon Sung-Hyun
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging , Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA .
| | - Sanjay Telu
- Molecular Imaging Branch , National Institute of Mental Health , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA .
| | - Marc D Normandin
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging , Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA .
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch , National Institute of Mental Health , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA .
| | - Pedro Brugarolas
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging , Department of Radiology , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA .
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22
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Hu W, Pan S, Xu X, Vicic DA, Qing F. Nickel‐Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Phenol Derivatives by Aryl C−O Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Science Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Science Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiu‐Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Science Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - David A. Vicic
- Department of Chemistry Lehigh University 6 E. Packer Avenue Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Feng‐Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Science Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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23
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Hu WQ, Pan S, Xu XH, Vicic DA, Qing FL. Nickel-Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Phenol Derivatives by Aryl C-O Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16076-16082. [PMID: 32452144 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The increasing pharmaceutical importance of trifluoromethylarenes has stimulated the development of more efficient trifluoromethylation reactions. Tremendous efforts have focused on copper- and palladium-mediated/catalyzed trifluoromethylation of aryl halides. In contrast, no general method exists for the conversion of widely available inert electrophiles, such as phenol derivatives, into the corresponding trifluoromethylated arenes. Reported herein is a practical nickel-mediated trifluoromethylation of phenol derivatives with readily available trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane (TMSCF3 ). The strategy relies on PMe3 -promoted oxidative addition and transmetalation, and CCl3 CN-induced reductive elimination. The broad utility of this transformation has been demonstrated through the direct incorporation of trifluoromethyl into aromatic and heteroaromatic systems, including biorelevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - David A Vicic
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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24
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Jana S, Telu S, Yang BY, Haskali MB, Jakobsson JE, Pike VW. Rapid Syntheses of [ 11C]Arylvinyltrifluoromethanes through Treatment of ( E)-Arylvinyl(phenyl)iodonium Tosylates with [ 11C]Trifluoromethylcopper(I). Org Lett 2020; 22:4574-4578. [PMID: 32459101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a method for labeling arylvinyltrifluoromethanes with carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) as representatives of a new radiolabeled chemotype that has potential for developing radiotracers for biomedical imaging with positron emission tomography. Treatment of (E)-arylvinyl(phenyl)iodonium tosylates (1a-1k) with [11C[CuCF3 gave the corresponding [11C]arylvinyltrifluoromethanes ([11C]2a-[11C]2k) in high radiochemical yields (90-97%) under rapid (2 min) and mild (60 °C) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susovan Jana
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sanjay Telu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Bo Yeun Yang
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Mohammad B Haskali
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jimmy E Jakobsson
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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25
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Wright JS, Kaur T, Preshlock S, Tanzey SS, Winton WP, Sharninghausen LS, Wiesner N, Brooks AF, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Copper-Mediated Late-stage Radiofluorination: Five Years of Impact on Pre-clinical and Clinical PET Imaging. Clin Transl Imaging 2020; 8:167-206. [PMID: 33748018 PMCID: PMC7968072 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-020-00368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Copper-mediated radiofluorination (CMRF) is emerging as the method of choice for the formation of aromatic C-18F bonds. This minireview examines proof-of-concept, pre-clinical, and in-human imaging studies of new and established imaging agents containing aromatic C-18F bonds synthesized with CMRF. An exhaustive discussion of CMRF methods is not provided, although key developments that have enabled or improved upon the syntheses of fluorine-18 imaging agents are discussed. METHODS A comprehensive literature search from April 2014 onwards of the Web of Science and PubMed library databases was performed to find reports that utilize CMRF for the synthesis of fluorine-18 radiopharmaceuticals, and these represent the primary body of research discussed in this minireview. Select conference proceedings, previous reports describing alternative methods for the synthesis of imaging agents, and preceding fluorine-19 methodologies have also been included for discussion. CONCLUSIONS CMRF has significantly expanded the chemical space that is accessible to fluorine-18 radiolabeling with production methods that can meet the regulatory requirements for use in Nuclear Medicine. Furthermore, it has enabled novel and improved syntheses of radiopharmaceuticals and facilitated subsequent PET imaging studies. The rapid adoption of CMRF will undoubtedly continue to simplify the production of imaging agents and inspire the development of new radiofluorination methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tanpreet Kaur
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sean Preshlock
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sean S Tanzey
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wade P Winton
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Wiesner
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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26
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Pees A, Windhorst AD, Vosjan MJWD, Tadino V, Vugts DJ. Synthesis of [18
F]Fluoroform with High Molar Activity. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pees
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Radionuclide Center; Amsterdam UMC, VU University; De Boelelaan 1085c Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Radionuclide Center; Amsterdam UMC, VU University; De Boelelaan 1085c Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Vincent Tadino
- ORA Neptis; Rue de la Gendarmerie 50/B 5600 Philippeville Belgium
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Radionuclide Center; Amsterdam UMC, VU University; De Boelelaan 1085c Amsterdam The Netherlands
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27
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Music A, Baumann AN, Spieß P, Plantefol A, Jagau TC, Didier D. Electrochemical Synthesis of Biaryls via Oxidative Intramolecular Coupling of Tetra(hetero)arylborates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4341-4348. [PMID: 32040918 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report herein versatile, transition metal-free and additive-free (hetero)aryl-aryl coupling reactions promoted by the oxidative electrocoupling of unsymmetrical tetra(hetero)arylborates (TABs) prepared from ligand-exchange reactions on potassium trifluoroarylborates. Exploiting the power of electrochemical oxidations, this method complements the existing organoboron toolbox. We demonstrate the broad scope, scalability, and robustness of this unconventional catalyst-free transformation, leading to functionalized biaryls and ultimately furnishing drug-like small molecules, as well as late stage derivatization of natural compounds. In addition, the observed selectivity of the oxidative coupling reaction is related to the electronic structure of the TABs through quantum-chemical calculations and experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Music
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Andreas N Baumann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Philipp Spieß
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Allan Plantefol
- Sorbonne University, Campus Pierre and Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas C Jagau
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Dorian Didier
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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28
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Sakurai S, Tsuzuki S, Sakamoto R, Maruoka K. Cu-Catalyzed Generation of Alkyl Radicals from Alkylsilyl Peroxides and Subsequent C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) Cross-Coupling with Arylboronic Acids. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3973-3980. [PMID: 31939666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a novel and practical method for the Cu-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp2) cross-coupling of alkylsilyl peroxides with arylboronic acids. The reductive cleavage of the O-O bond of alkylsilyl peroxides and the desired cross-coupling reactions to afford alkyl-substituted aromatic rings proceed smoothly at room temperature promoted by simple Cu-based catalysts and do not require activation by visible light. The results of mechanistic investigations support a radical-mediated C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond formation via β-scission of the alkoxy radicals generated from the alkylsilyl peroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Saori Tsuzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryu Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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29
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The chemistry of labeling heterocycles with carbon-11 or fluorine-18 for biomedical imaging. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Yang BY, Telu S, Haskali MB, Morse CL, Pike VW. A Gas Phase Route to [ 18F]fluoroform with Limited Molar Activity Dilution. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14835. [PMID: 31619702 PMCID: PMC6795885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an important imaging modality for biomedical research and drug development. PET requires biochemically selective radiotracers to realize full potential. Fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 109.8 min) is a major radionuclide for labeling such radiotracers but is only readily available in high activities from cyclotrons as [18F]fluoride ion. [18F]fluoroform has emerged for labeling tracers in trifluoromethyl groups. Prior methods of [18F]fluoroform synthesis used difluoro precursors in solution and led to high dilution with carrier and low molar activity (Am). We explored a new approach for the synthesis of [18F]fluoroform based on the radiosynthesis of [18F]fluoromethane from [18F]fluoride ion and then cobaltIII fluoride mediated gas phase fluorination. We estimate that carrier dilution in this process is limited to about 3-fold and find that moderate to high Am values can be achieved. We show that [18F]fluoroform so produced is highly versatile for rapidly and efficiently labeling various chemotypes that carry trifluoromethyl groups, thereby expanding prospects for developing new PET radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yeun Yang
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA
| | - Sanjay Telu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA
| | - Mohammad B Haskali
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA
| | - Cheryl L Morse
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA.
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31
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Trump L, Lemos A, Lallemand B, Pasau P, Mercier J, Lemaire C, Luxen A, Genicot C. Late-Stage 18 F-Difluoromethyl Labeling of N-Heteroaromatics with High Molar Activity for PET Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13149-13154. [PMID: 31323171 PMCID: PMC6790700 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite a growing interest in CHF2 in medicinal chemistry, there is a lack of efficient methods for the insertion of CHF18 F into druglike compounds. Herein described is a photoredox flow reaction for 18 F-difluoromethylation of N-heteroaromatics that are widely used in medicinal chemistry. Following the two-step synthesis for a new 18 F-difluoromethylation reagent, the photoredox reaction is completed within two minutes and proceeds by C-H activation, circumventing the need for pre-functionalization of the substrate. The method is operationally simple and affords straightforward access to radiolabeled N-heteroaromatics with high molar activity suitable for biological in vivo studies and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Trump
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma sprl1420Braine-l'AlleudBelgium
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo ImagingCyclotron Research Center-B30Université de LiègeQuartier Agora, 6 allée du six août4000LiègeBelgium
| | - Agostinho Lemos
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo ImagingCyclotron Research Center-B30Université de LiègeQuartier Agora, 6 allée du six août4000LiègeBelgium
| | - Bénédicte Lallemand
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma sprl1420Braine-l'AlleudBelgium
| | - Patrick Pasau
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma sprl1420Braine-l'AlleudBelgium
| | - Joël Mercier
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma sprl1420Braine-l'AlleudBelgium
| | - Christian Lemaire
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo ImagingCyclotron Research Center-B30Université de LiègeQuartier Agora, 6 allée du six août4000LiègeBelgium
| | - André Luxen
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo ImagingCyclotron Research Center-B30Université de LiègeQuartier Agora, 6 allée du six août4000LiègeBelgium
| | - Christophe Genicot
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma sprl1420Braine-l'AlleudBelgium
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32
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Trump L, Lemos A, Lallemand B, Pasau P, Mercier J, Lemaire C, Luxen A, Genicot C. Late‐Stage
18
F‐Difluoromethyl Labeling of N‐Heteroaromatics with High Molar Activity for PET Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Trump
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicines UCB Biopharma sprl 1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging Cyclotron Research Center-B30 Université de Liège Quartier Agora, 6 allée du six août 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Agostinho Lemos
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging Cyclotron Research Center-B30 Université de Liège Quartier Agora, 6 allée du six août 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Lallemand
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicines UCB Biopharma sprl 1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
| | - Patrick Pasau
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicines UCB Biopharma sprl 1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
| | - Joël Mercier
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicines UCB Biopharma sprl 1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
| | - Christian Lemaire
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging Cyclotron Research Center-B30 Université de Liège Quartier Agora, 6 allée du six août 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging Cyclotron Research Center-B30 Université de Liège Quartier Agora, 6 allée du six août 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Christophe Genicot
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicines UCB Biopharma sprl 1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
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33
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Xiang J, Ouyang Y, Xu X, Qing F. Argentination of Fluoroform: Preparation of a Stable AgCF
3
Solution with Diverse Reactivities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10320-10324. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Xiang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yao Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiu‐Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Feng‐Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-TextilesMinistry of EducationCollege of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua University 2999 North Renmin Lu Shanghai 201620 China
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34
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Kim HY, Lee JY, Lee YS, Jeong JM. Design and synthesis of enantiopure 18 F-labelled [ 18 F]trifluoromethyltryptophan from 2-halotryptophan derivatives via copper(I)-mediated [ 18 F]trifluoromethylation and evaluation of its in vitro characterization for the serotonergic system imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:566-579. [PMID: 31134670 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized [18 F]trifluoromethyl-l-tryptophan ([18 F]CF3 -l-Trp) using Cu(I)-mediated [18 F]trifluoromethylation to image serotonergic system. Radiochemical yield was 6 ± 1.5% (n = 9), and radiochemical purity was over 99%. The molar activity was 0.44 to 0.76 GBq/μmol. [18 F]CF3 -l-Trp was stable for up to 6 hours in mouse and human sera at 37°C. Protein-binding was 0.26 ± 0.03% and 0.34 ± 0.02% in human and mouse serum at 60 minutes, respectively. In conclusion, enantiopure [18 F]CF3 -l-Trp was synthesized as a feasible imaging agent for the serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Young Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Youn Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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35
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Xiang J, Ouyang Y, Xu X, Qing F. Argentination of Fluoroform: Preparation of a Stable AgCF
3
Solution with Diverse Reactivities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Xiang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yao Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiu‐Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Feng‐Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-TextilesMinistry of EducationCollege of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua University 2999 North Renmin Lu Shanghai 201620 China
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36
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Artelsmair M, Miranda-Azpiazu P, Kingston L, Bergare J, Schou M, Varrone A, Elmore CS. Synthesis, 3 H-labelling and in vitro evaluation of a substituted dipiperidine alcohol as a potential ligand for chemokine receptor 2. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:265-279. [PMID: 30937946 PMCID: PMC6617762 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is implicated in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders. The C‐C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is one of the key targets involved in the activation of the immune system. A suitable ligand for CCR2 could be a useful tool to study immune activation in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Herein, we describe the synthesis, tritium radiolabelling, and preliminary in vitro evaluation in post‐mortem human brain tissue of a known potent small molecule antagonist for CCR2. The preparation of a tritium‐labelled analogue for the autoradiography (ARG) study gave rise to an intriguing and unexpected side reaction profile through a novel amination of ethanol and methanol in the presence of tritium. After successful preparation of the tritiated radioligand, in vitro ARG measurements on human brain sections revealed nonspecific binding properties of the selected antagonist in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Artelsmair
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patricia Miranda-Azpiazu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre of Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lee Kingston
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergare
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre of Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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37
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Sap JBI, Wilson TC, Kee CW, Straathof NJW, Ende CWA, Mukherjee P, Zhang L, Genicot C, Gouverneur V. Synthesis of 18F-difluoromethylarenes using aryl boronic acids, ethyl bromofluoroacetate and [ 18F]fluoride. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3237-3241. [PMID: 30996907 PMCID: PMC6429591 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the radiosynthesis of 18F-difluoromethylarenes via the assembly of three components, a boron reagent, ethyl bromofluoroacetate, and cyclotron-produced non-carrier added [18F]fluoride. The two key steps are a copper-catalysed cross-coupling reaction, and a Mn-mediated 18F-fluorodecarboxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen B I Sap
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , Oxford University , OX1 3TA Oxford , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 285002
| | - Thomas C Wilson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , Oxford University , OX1 3TA Oxford , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 285002
| | - Choon Wee Kee
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , Oxford University , OX1 3TA Oxford , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 285002
| | - Natan J W Straathof
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , Oxford University , OX1 3TA Oxford , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 285002
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Inc., Medicine Design , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, and 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA
| | - Paramita Mukherjee
- Pfizer Inc., Medicine Design , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, and 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Pfizer Inc., Medicine Design , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, and 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA
| | - Christophe Genicot
- Global Chemistry, UCB New Medicines , UCB Biopharma Sprl , 1420 Braine-L'Alleud , Belgium
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , Oxford University , OX1 3TA Oxford , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 285002
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38
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Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemistry for Positron Emission Tomography: Recent Advances in 11 C-, 18 F-, 13 N-, and 15 O-Labeling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2580-2605. [PMID: 30054961 PMCID: PMC6405341 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technology that provides quantitative information about function and metabolism in biological processes in vivo for disease diagnosis and therapy assessment. The broad application and rapid advances of PET has led to an increased demand for new radiochemical methods to synthesize highly specific molecules bearing positron-emitting radionuclides. This Review provides an overview of commonly used labeling reactions through examples of clinically relevant PET tracers and highlights the most recent developments and breakthroughs over the past decade, with a focus on 11 C, 18 F, 13 N, and 15 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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39
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Wu J, Zhao Q, Wilson TC, Verhoog S, Lu L, Gouverneur V, Shen Q. Synthesis and Reactivity of α-Cumyl Bromodifluoromethanesulfenate: Application to the Radiosynthesis of [ 18 F]ArylSCF 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2413-2417. [PMID: 30575245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A highly reactive electrophilic bromodifluoromethylthiolating reagent, α-cumyl bromodifluoro-methanesulfenate 1, was prepared to allow for direct bromodifluoromethylthiolation of aryl boron reagents. This coupling reaction takes place under copper catalysis, and affords a large range of bromodifluoromethylthiolated arenes. These compounds are amenable to various transformations including halogen exchange with [18 F]KF/K222 , a process giving access to [18 F]arylSCF3 in two steps from the corresponding aryl boronic pinacol esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qunchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Thomas C Wilson
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Stefan Verhoog
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Long Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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40
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Synthesis and Reactivity of α-Cumyl Bromodifluoromethanesulfenate: Application to the Radiosynthesis of [18
F]ArylSCF3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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41
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Kerzig C, Guo X, Wenger OS. Unexpected Hydrated Electron Source for Preparative Visible-Light Driven Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2122-2127. [PMID: 30672694 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The hydrated electron is experiencing a renaissance as a superreductant in lab-scale reductions driven by light, both for the degradation of recalcitrant pollutants and for challenging chemical reactions. However, examples for its sustainable generation under mild conditions are scarce. By combining a water-soluble Ir catalyst with unique photochemical properties and an inexpensive diode laser as light source, we produce hydrated electrons through a two-photon mechanism previously thought to be unimportant for laboratory applications. Adding cheap sacrificial donors turns our new hydrated electron source into a catalytic cycle operating in pure water over a wide pH range. Not only is that catalytic system capable of detoxifying a chlorinated model compound with turnover numbers of up to 200, but it can also be employed for two novel hydrated electron reactions, namely, the decomposition of quaternary ammonium compounds and the conversion of trifluoromethyl to difluoromethyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Xingwei Guo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
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42
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Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemie der Positronenemissionstomographie: Aktuelle Fortschritte bei
11
C‐,
18
F‐,
13
N‐ und
15
O‐Markierungsreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine DesignPfizer Inc. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
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43
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Frost AB, Brambilla M, Exner RM, Tredwell M. Synthesis and Derivatization of 1,1-[ 18 F]Difluorinated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:472-476. [PMID: 30452114 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A general method for the synthesis of 1,1-[18 F]difluorinated alkenes from [18 F]fluoride is reported. This transformation is highly regioselective giving the desired 18 F-fluoroalkenes with radiochemical purities of up to 77 % within 20 minutes and a molar activity (Am ) of 1 GBq μmol-1 . The transformations are operationally simple to perform and were readily translated onto a commercial automated synthesis unit. The resultant 1,1-[18 F]difluorinated alkene motif is prevalent in numerous drug molecules, and this is the first general method to synthesize this motif with fluorine-18. 18 F-fluorinated alkenes are excellent building blocks and participate in a number of post-labeling transformations to access a range of 18 F-perfluorinated functional groups that have never before been radiolabeled with non-carrier-added [18 F]fluoride. This method considerably expands the range of 18 F-motifs accessible to radiochemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen B Frost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Marta Brambilla
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Rüdiger M Exner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Frost AB, Brambilla M, Exner RM, Tredwell M. Synthesis and Derivatization of 1,1-[ 18
F]Difluorinated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aileen B. Frost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Marta Brambilla
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Rüdiger M. Exner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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45
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Mestre J, Lishchynskyi A, Castillón S, Boutureira O. Trifluoromethylation of Electron-Rich Alkenyl Iodides with Fluoroform-Derived "Ligandless" CuCF 3. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8150-8160. [PMID: 29916255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We herein present a flexible approach for the incorporation of CF3 units into a predefined site of electron-rich alkenes that exploits the regiocontrolled introduction of an iodine handle and subsequent trifluoromethylation of the C(sp2)-I bond using fluoroform-derived "ligandless" CuCF3. The broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance together with the scalability and purity of the resulting products enabled the controlled, late-stage synthesis of single regioisomers of complex CF3-scaffolds, such as sugars, nucleosides (antivirals), and heterocycles (indoles and chromones), with potential for academic and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Mestre
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain.,Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Av. Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Anton Lishchynskyi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Av. Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Sergio Castillón
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Omar Boutureira
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
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46
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Vatsadze SZ, Eremina OE, Veselova IA, Kalmykov SN, Nenajdenko VG. 18F-Labelled catecholamine type radiopharmaceuticals in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and neuroendocrine tumours: approaches to synthesis and development prospects. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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King A, Doepner A, Turton D, Ciobota DM, Da Pieve C, Wong Te Fong AC, Kramer-Marek G, Chung YL, Smith G. Radiosynthesis of the anticancer nucleoside analogue Trifluridine using an automated 18F-trifluoromethylation procedure. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:2986-2996. [PMID: 29629716 PMCID: PMC5944245 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00432c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl groups are widespread in medicinal chemistry, yet there are limited 18F-radiochemistry techniques available for the production of the complementary PET agents. Herein, we report the first radiosynthesis of the anticancer nucleoside analogue trifluridine, using a fully automated, clinically-applicable 18F-trifluoromethylation procedure. [18F]Trifluridine was obtained after two synthetic steps in <2 hours. The isolated radiochemical yield was 3% ± 0.44 (n = 5), with a radiochemical purity >99%, and a molar activity of 0.4 GBq μmol-1 ± 0.05. Biodistribution and PET-imaging data using HCT116 tumour-bearing mice showed a 2.5 %ID g-1 tumour uptake of [18F]trifluridine at 60 minutes post-injection, with bone uptake becoming a prominent feature thereafter. In vivo metabolite analysis of selected tissues revealed the presence of the original radiolabelled nucleoside analogue, together with deglycosylated and phosphorylated [18F]trifluridine as the main metabolites. Our findings suggest a potential role for [18F]trifluridine as a PET radiotracer for elucidation of drug mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice King
- Department of Radiotherapy and Imaging , Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road , London , SW7 3RP , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)20 8722 4482
| | - Andreas Doepner
- Department of Radiotherapy and Imaging , Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road , London , SW7 3RP , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)20 8722 4482
| | - David Turton
- Department of Radiotherapy and Imaging , Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road , London , SW7 3RP , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)20 8722 4482
| | - Daniela M. Ciobota
- Department of Radiotherapy and Imaging , Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road , London , SW7 3RP , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)20 8722 4482
| | - Chiara Da Pieve
- Department of Radiotherapy and Imaging , Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road , London , SW7 3RP , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)20 8722 4482
| | - Anne-Christine Wong Te Fong
- Department of Radiotherapy and Imaging , Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road , London , SW7 3RP , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)20 8722 4482
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Department of Radiotherapy and Imaging , Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road , London , SW7 3RP , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)20 8722 4482
| | - Yuen-Li Chung
- Department of Radiotherapy and Imaging , Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road , London , SW7 3RP , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)20 8722 4482
| | - Graham Smith
- Department of Radiotherapy and Imaging , Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road , London , SW7 3RP , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)20 8722 4482
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48
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Levin MD, Chen TQ, Neubig ME, Hong CM, Theulier CA, Kobylianskii IJ, Janabi M, O'Neil JP, Toste FD. A catalytic fluoride-rebound mechanism for C(sp 3)-CF 3 bond formation. Science 2018. [PMID: 28642435 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The biological properties of trifluoromethyl compounds have led to their ubiquity in pharmaceuticals, yet their chemical properties have made their preparation a substantial challenge, necessitating innovative chemical solutions. We report the serendipitous discovery of a borane-catalyzed formal C(sp3)-CF3 reductive elimination from Au(III) that accesses these compounds by a distinct mechanism proceeding via fluoride abstraction, migratory insertion, and C-F reductive elimination to achieve a net C-C bond construction. The parent bis(trifluoromethyl)Au(III) complexes tolerate a surprising breadth of synthetic protocols, enabling the synthesis of complex organic derivatives without cleavage of the Au-C bond. This feature, combined with the "fluoride-rebound" mechanism, was translated into a protocol for the synthesis of 18F-radiolabeled aliphatic CF3-containing compounds, enabling the preparation of potential tracers for use in positron emission tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tiffany Q Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Megan E Neubig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cynthia M Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cyril A Theulier
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Mustafa Janabi
- Biomedical Isotope Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - James P O'Neil
- Biomedical Isotope Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - F Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. .,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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49
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Wilson TC, Cailly T, Gouverneur V. Boron reagents for divergent radiochemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:6990-7005. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00499d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses boron reagents as precursors for divergent radiolabelling with a focus on carbon-11, fluorine-18 and iodine-123, -125, -131.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Cailly
- Normandie Univ
- UNICAEN
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN)
- 14000 Caen
- France
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50
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Hong J, Wang G, Huo L, Zheng C. Copper-Promoted Conversion of Aromatic Amines into Trifluoromethylated Arenes: One-Pot Sandmeyer Trifluoromethylation. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Guifu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Lianguang Huo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Changge Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- College of Chemistry Engineering; Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830052 China
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