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Huang P, Wei G, Kirkpatrick JD, Lin Y, Tan L, Matta H, Nasser I, Huang M, Chen L, Petitjean M, Skelton-Badlani D, Gao W, Vaid K, Zhao S, Lugovskoy A, Alenzi M, Chen X, Gores GJ, Popov YV. Transposon-based oncogene integration in Abcb4(Mdr2)-/- mice recapitulates high susceptibility to cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Hepatol 2024:S0168-8278(24)02423-1. [PMID: 39089631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a dreaded complication of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), difficult to diagnose and associated with high mortality. Lack of animal models of CCA recapitulating the hepatic microenvironment of sclerosing cholangitis hinders development of novel treatments. Here we sought to develop such PSC-associated CCA model in mice. METHODS Ten-week-old Mdr2-/- mice with congenital PSC-like disease, and healthy wild-type littermates were subjected to either modified retrograde biliary instillation or hydrodynamic tail vein injection of sleeping beauty transposon-transposase plasmid system with activated AKT (myr-AKT) and Yap (YapS127A) protooncogenes (SB AKT/YAP1). The role of TGFβ was interrogated via ALK5 inhibitor (SB-525334) administration. Tumor phenotype, burden and desmoplastic reaction were analyzed histologically and via RNA-seq. RESULTS While SB AKT/YAP1 plasmids via retrograde biliary injection caused tumors in Mdr2-/-, only 26.67% (4/15) of these tumors were CCA. Alternatively, hydrodynamic tail vein injection of SB AKT/YAP1 resulted in robust tumorigenesis in all fibrotic Mdr2-/- mice with high CCA burden compared to healthy mice. Tumors phenotypically resembled human CCA, expressed multiple CCA (but not hepatocellular carcinoma) markers, and exhibited a profound desmoplastic reaction. RNA-seq analysis revealed profound transcriptional changes in CCA evolving in PSC-like context, with specific alterations in multiple immune pathways. Pharmacological TGFβ inhibition led to enhanced immune cell tumor infiltration, reduced tumor burden and suppressed desmoplastic collagen accumulation compared to placebo CONCLUSION: We established a new high-fidelity cholangiocarcinoma model in mice, termed SB CCA.Mdr2-/-, which recapitulates the increased susceptibility to CCA in the setting of biliary injury and fibrosis observed in PSC. Through transcriptomics and pharmacological studies, we show dysregulation of multiple immune pathways and TGFβ signaling as potential drivers of CCA in PSC-like microenvironment. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS There is a lack of animal models for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) related cholangiocarcinoma (PSC-CCA). We have developed and characterized a new mouse model of PSC-CCA, termed SB CCA.Mdr2-/-, which features reliable tumor induction in PSC-like background of biliary injury and fibrosis. Global gene expression alterations were identified and standardized tools, including automated whole slide image analysis methodology for tumor burden and feature analysis, were established to enable systematic research into PSC-CCA biology and formal pre-clinical drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinzhu Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine; Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyan Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jesse D Kirkpatrick
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Tan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine; Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heansika Matta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine
| | - Imad Nasser
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingzhe Huang
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Wen Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine
| | - Kahini Vaid
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Alicia Lugovskoy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine
| | - Maram Alenzi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine
| | - Xin Chen
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yury V Popov
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine.
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Li XJ, Fang C, Zhao RH, Zou L, Miao H, Zhao YY. Bile acid metabolism in health and ageing-related diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116313. [PMID: 38788963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) have surpassed their traditional roles as lipid solubilizers and regulators of BA homeostasis to emerge as important signalling molecules. Recent research has revealed a connection between microbial dysbiosis and metabolism disruption of BAs, which in turn impacts ageing-related diseases. The human BAs pool is primarily composed of primary BAs and their conjugates, with a smaller proportion consisting of secondary BAs. These different BAs exert complex effects on health and ageing-related diseases through several key nuclear receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these effects are still debated. Therefore, the modulation of signalling pathways by regulating synthesis and composition of BAs represents an interesting and novel direction for potential therapies of ageing-related diseases. This review provides an overview of synthesis and transportion of BAs in the healthy body, emphasizing its dependence on microbial community metabolic capacity. Additionally, the review also explores how ageing and ageing-related diseases affect metabolism and composition of BAs. Understanding BA metabolism network and the impact of their nuclear receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor and G protein-coupled receptor 5 agonists, paves the way for developing therapeutic agents for targeting BA metabolism in various ageing-related diseases, such as metabolic disorder, hepatic injury, cardiovascular disease, renal damage and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, No.13, Shi Liu Gang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - Chu Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Rui-Hua Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Hua Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
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Pham HN, Pham L, Sato K. Navigating the liver landscape: upcoming pharmacotherapies for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:895-906. [PMID: 38813599 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2362263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a bile duct disorder characterized by ductular reaction, hepatic inflammation, and liver fibrosis. The pathogenesis of PSC is still undefined, and treatment options for patients are limited. Previous clinical trials evaluated drug candidates targeting various cellular functions and pathways, such as bile acid signaling and absorption, gut bacteria and permeability, and lipid metabolisms. However, most of phase III clinical trials for PSC were disappointing, except vancomycin therapy, and there are still no established medications for PSC with efficacy and safety confirmed by phase IV clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the currently ongoing or completed clinical studies for PSC, which are phase II or further, and discusses therapeutic targets and strategies, limitations, and future directions and possibilities of PSC treatments. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov utilizing the combination of the searched term 'primary sclerosing cholangitis' with other keywords, such as 'clinical trials,' 'antibiotics,' or drug names. Clinical trials at phase II or further were included for consideration. EXPERT OPINION Only vancomycin demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in the phase III clinical trial. Other drug candidates showed futility or inconsistent results, and the search for novel PSC treatments is still ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Nam Pham
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh Pham
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University - Central Texas, Killeen, TX, USA
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Marakovits C, Francis H. Unraveling the complexities of fibrosis and ductular reaction in liver disease: pathogenesis, mechanisms, and therapeutic insights. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C698-C706. [PMID: 38105754 PMCID: PMC11193454 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00486.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Ductular reaction and fibrosis are hallmarks of many liver diseases including primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cholangitis, biliary atresia, alcoholic liver disease, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Liver fibrosis is the accumulation of extracellular matrix often caused by excess collagen deposition by myofibroblasts. Ductular reaction is the proliferation of bile ducts (which are composed of cholangiocytes) during liver injury. Many other cells including hepatic stellate cells, hepatocytes, hepatic progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and immune cells contribute to ductular reaction and fibrosis by either directly or indirectly interacting with myofibroblasts and cholangiocytes. This review summarizes the recent findings in cellular links between ductular reaction and fibrosis in numerous liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinn Marakovits
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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Nyholm I, Sjöblom N, Pihlajoki M, Hukkinen M, Lohi J, Heikkilä P, Mutka A, Jahnukainen T, Davenport M, Heikinheimo M, Arola J, Pakarinen MP. Deep learning quantification reveals a fundamental prognostic role for ductular reaction in biliary atresia. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0333. [PMID: 38051554 PMCID: PMC10697619 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to quantify ductular reaction (DR) in biliary atresia using a neural network in relation to underlying pathophysiology and prognosis. METHODS Image-processing neural network model was applied to 259 cytokeratin-7-stained native liver biopsies of patients with biliary atresia and 43 controls. The model quantified total proportional DR (DR%) composed of portal biliary epithelium (BE%) and parenchymal intermediate hepatocytes (PIH%). The results were related to clinical data, Sirius Red-quantified liver fibrosis, serum biomarkers, and bile acids. RESULTS In total, 2 biliary atresia biopsies were obtained preoperatively, 116 at Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) and 141 during post-KPE follow-up. DR% (8.3% vs. 5.9%, p=0.045) and PIH% (1.3% vs. 0.6%, p=0.004) were increased at KPE in patients remaining cholestatic postoperatively. After KPE, patients with subsequent liver transplantation or death showed an increase in DR% (7.9%-9.9%, p = 0.04) and PIH% (1.6%-2.4%, p = 0.009), whereas patients with native liver survival (NLS) showed decreasing BE% (5.5%-3.0%, p = 0.03) and persistently low PIH% (0.9% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.11). In Cox regression, high DR predicted inferior NLS both at KPE [DR% (HR = 1.05, p = 0.01), BE% (HR = 1.05, p = 0.03), and PIH% (HR = 1.13, p = 0.005)] and during follow-up [DR% (HR = 1.08, p<0.0001), BE% (HR = 1.58, p = 0.001), and PIH% (HR = 1.04, p = 0.008)]. DR% correlated with Sirius red-quantified liver fibrosis at KPE (R = 0.47, p<0.0001) and follow-up (R = 0.27, p = 0.004). A close association between DR% and serum bile acids was observed at follow-up (R = 0.61, p<0.001). Liver fibrosis was not prognostic for NLS at KPE (HR = 1.00, p = 0.96) or follow-up (HR = 1.01, p = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS DR predicted NLS in different disease stages before transplantation while associating with serum bile acids after KPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iiris Nyholm
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, Children and Adolescent Department, New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatric Research Center, Children and Adolescent Department, New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nelli Sjöblom
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjut Pihlajoki
- Pediatric Research Center, Children and Adolescent Department, New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Hukkinen
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, Children and Adolescent Department, New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Lohi
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Heikkilä
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Mutka
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Jahnukainen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark Davenport
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Pediatric Research Center, Children and Adolescent Department, New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Child, Adolescent, and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Arola
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko P. Pakarinen
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, Children and Adolescent Department, New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatric Research Center, Children and Adolescent Department, New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Li D, Ye C, Liu P, Sun T, Qin Y, Wan X. PGC1α deficiency reverses cholestasis-induced liver injury via attenuating hepatic inflammation and promoting bile duct remodeling. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152097. [PMID: 37813066 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cholestatic liver diseases are characterized by hepatocellular damage, cholangiocyte proliferation, and progressive fibrosis. Bile duct ligation (BDL) is widely used to resemble liver injuries induced by cholestasis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) was reported to play a critical role in multiple biological responses. Nevertheless, whether PGC1α is involved in bile acid metabolism and biliary disorders remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PGC1α on hepatic responses after cholestatic injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wild-type mice were subjected to BDL or sham surgery for 14 days and human liver specimens from patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) were collected to detect the expression of PGC1α. Hepatic-specific PGC1α knockout mice (HKO) were constructed and subjected to BDL, in which the effects of PGC1α on cholestatic liver injury were demonstrated by biochemical and histopathological assessments, immunoblotting, and metabolomics. RESULTS The expression of PGC1α was upregulated in the liver of PBC patients and murine models. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments supported the protective effects of PGC1α on cholestasis-induced hepatocyte injury. Infiltrated inflammatory cells after BDL were decreased in HKO mice. Inhibited Wnt/β-Catenin pathway and enhanced Notch signaling promoted transdifferentiation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPC)/ hepatocytes into cholangiocytes, leading to the greater ductular reaction observed in the HKO mice. But bile acids metabolism and mitochondrial function were not affected due to hepatic PGC1α deficiency in cholestasis. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic-specific deletion of PGC1α regulated liver regeneration by promoting ductular reactions, thereby exerting protective effects against BDL-induced liver injury, which could be a new potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingwu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chenhui Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Peihao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yunsheng Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Xingyong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Zhang W, Kyritsi K, Isidan A, Park Y, Li P, Cross-Najafi AA, Lopez K, Kennedy L, Sato K, Glaser S, Francis H, Alpini G, Ekser B. Development of Scaffold-Free Three-Dimensional Cholangiocyte Organoids to Study the Progression of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1156-1169. [PMID: 37263345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Organoids are novel in vitro models to study intercellular cross talk between the different types of cells in disease pathophysiology. To better understand the underlying mechanisms driving the progression of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), scaffold-free multicellular three-dimensional cholangiocyte organoids (3D-CHOs) were developed using primary liver cells derived from normal subjects and patients with PSC. Human liver samples from healthy donors and patients with PSC were used to isolate primary cholangiocytes [epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCam)+/ cytokeratin-19+], liver endothelial cells (CD31+), and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs; CD31-/CD68-/desmin+/vitamin A+). 3D-CHOs were formed using cholangiocytes, HSCs, and liver endothelial cells, and kept viable for up to 1 month. Isolated primary cell lines and 3D-CHOs were further characterized by immunofluorescence, quantitative RT-PCR, and transmission electron microscopy. Transcription profiles for cholangiocytes (SOX9, CFTR, EpCAM, AE, SCT, and SCTR), fibrosis (ACTA2, COL1A1, DESMIN, and TGFβ1), angiogenesis (PECAM, VEGF, CDH5, and vWF), and inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-α) confirmed PSC phenotypes of 3D-CHOs. Because cholangiocytes develop a neuroendocrine phenotype and express neuromodulators, confocal immunofluorescence was used to demonstrate localization of the neurokinin-1 receptor within cytokeratin-19+ cholangiocytes and desmin+ HSCs. Moreover, 3D-CHOs from patients with PSC confirmed PSC phenotypes with up-regulated neurokinin-1 receptor, tachykinin precursor 1, and down-regulated membrane metalloendopeptidase. Scaffold-free multicellular 3D-CHOs showed superiority as an in vitro model in mimicking PSC in vivo phenotypes compared with two-dimensional cell culture, which can be used in PSC disease-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Abdulkadir Isidan
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yujin Park
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ping Li
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Kevin Lopez
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Division of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Park HJ, Choi J, Kim H, Yang DY, An TH, Lee EW, Han BS, Lee SC, Kim WK, Bae KH, Oh KJ. Cellular heterogeneity and plasticity during NAFLD progression. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1221669. [PMID: 37635938 PMCID: PMC10450943 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1221669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive liver disease that can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), NASH-related cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis (or nonalcoholic fatty liver [NAFL]) to NASH as a progressive form of NAFL, which is characterized by steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocellular ballooning with or without fibrosis. Because of the complex pathophysiological mechanism and the heterogeneity of NAFLD, including its wide spectrum of clinical and histological characteristics, no specific therapeutic drugs have been approved for NAFLD. The heterogeneity of NAFLD is closely associated with cellular plasticity, which describes the ability of cells to acquire new identities or change their phenotypes in response to environmental stimuli. The liver consists of parenchymal cells including hepatocytes and cholangiocytes and nonparenchymal cells including Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and endothelial cells, all of which have specialized functions. This heterogeneous cell population has cellular plasticity to adapt to environmental changes. During NAFLD progression, these cells can exert diverse and complex responses at multiple levels following exposure to a variety of stimuli, including fatty acids, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Therefore, this review provides insights into NAFLD heterogeneity by addressing the cellular plasticity and metabolic adaptation of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and Kupffer cells during NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Park
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Choi
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmi Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Yeon Yang
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon An
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Soo Han
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Zhang J, Lyu Z, Li B, You Z, Cui N, Li Y, Li Y, Huang B, Chen R, Chen Y, Peng Y, Fang J, Wang Q, Miao Q, Tang R, Gershwin ME, Lian M, Xiao X, Ma X. P4HA2 induces hepatic ductular reaction and biliary fibrosis in chronic cholestatic liver diseases. Hepatology 2023; 78:10-25. [PMID: 36799463 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Prolyl-4-hydroxylases (P4Hs) are key enzymes in collagen synthesis. The P4HA subunit (P4HA1, P4HA2, and P4HA3) contains a substrate binding and catalyzation domain. We postulated that P4HA2 would play a key role in the cholangiocyte pathology of cholestatic liver diseases. METHODS We studied humans with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), P4HA2 -/- mice injured by DDC, and P4HA2 -/- /MDR2 -/- double knockout mice. A parallel study was performed in patients with PBC, PSC, and controls using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. In the murine model, the level of ductular reaction and biliary fibrosis were monitored by histology, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. Expression of Yes1 Associated Transcriptional Regulator (YAP) phosphorylation was measured in isolated mouse cholangiocytes. The mechanism of P4HA2 was explored in RBE and 293T cell lines by using qPCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The hepatic expression level of P4HA2 was highly elevated in patients with PBC or PSC. Ductular reactive cholangiocytes predominantly expressed P4HA2. Cholestatic patients with more severe liver injury correlated with levels of P4HA2 in the liver. In P4HA2 -/- mice, there was a significantly reduced level of ductular reaction and fibrosis compared with controls in the DDC-induced chronic cholestasis. Decreased liver fibrosis and ductular reaction were observed in P4HA2 -/- /MDR2 -/- mice compared with MDR2 -/- mice. Cholangiocytes isolated from P4HA2 -/- /MDR2 -/- mice displayed a higher level of YAP phosphorylation, resulting in cholangiocytes proliferation inhibition. In vitro studies showed that P4HA2 promotes RBE cell proliferation by inducing SAV1 degradation, eventually resulting in the activation of YAP. CONCLUSIONS P4HA2 promotes hepatic ductular reaction and biliary fibrosis by regulating the SAV1-mediated Hippo signaling pathway. P4HA2 is a potential therapeutic target for PBC and PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Zhuwan Lyu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Zhengrui You
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Nana Cui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - You Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yikang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Bingyuan Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ruiling Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yanshen Peng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Qixia Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ruqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Min Lian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
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10
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Wu N, Zhou T, Carpino G, Baiocchi L, Kyritsi K, Kennedy L, Ceci L, Chen L, Wu C, Kundu D, Barupala N, Franchitto A, Onori P, Ekser B, Gaudio E, Francis H, Glaser S, Alpini G. Prolonged administration of a secretin receptor antagonist inhibits biliary senescence and liver fibrosis in Mdr2 -/- mice. Hepatology 2023; 77:1849-1865. [PMID: 36799446 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Secretin (SCT) and secretin receptor (SR, only expressed on cholangiocytes within the liver) play key roles in modulating liver phenotypes. Forkhead box A2 (FoxA2) is required for normal bile duct homeostasis by preventing the excess of cholangiocyte proliferation. Short-term administration of the SR antagonist (SCT 5-27) decreased ductular reaction and liver fibrosis in bile duct ligated and Mdr2 -/- [primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), model] mice. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and risks of long-term SCT 5-27 treatment in Mdr2 -/- mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS In vivo studies were performed in male wild-type and Mdr2 -/- mice treated with saline or SCT 5-27 for 3 months and human samples from late-stage PSC patients and healthy controls. Compared with controls, biliary SCT/SR expression and SCT serum levels increased in Mdr2 -/- mice and late-stage PSC patients. There was a significant increase in ductular reaction, biliary senescence, liver inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrosis, biliary expression of TGF-β1/VEGF-A axis, and biliary phosphorylation of protein kinase A and ERK1/2 in Mdr2 -/- mice. The biliary expression of miR-125b and FoxA2 decreased in Mdr2 -/- compared with wild-type mice, which was reversed by long-term SCT 5-27 treatment. In vitro , SCT 5-27 treatment of a human biliary PSC cell line decreased proliferation and senescence and SR/TGF-β1/VEGF-A axis but increased the expression of miR-125b and FoxA2. Downregulation of FoxA2 prevented SCT 5-27-induced reduction in biliary damage, whereas overexpression of FoxA2 reduced proliferation and senescence in the human PSC cell line. CONCLUSIONS Modulating the SCT/SR axis may be critical for managing PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lixian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nipuni Barupala
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Antonio Franchitto
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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11
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Cai X, Tacke F, Guillot A, Liu H. Cholangiokines: undervalued modulators in the hepatic microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192840. [PMID: 37261338 PMCID: PMC10229055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The biliary epithelial cells, also known as cholangiocytes, line the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, forming a barrier between intra- and extra-ductal environments. Cholangiocytes are mostly known to modulate bile composition and transportation. In hepatobiliary diseases, bile duct injury leads to drastic alterations in cholangiocyte phenotypes and their release of soluble mediators, which can vary depending on the original insult and cellular states (quiescence, senescence, or proliferation). The cholangiocyte-secreted cytokines (also termed cholangiokines) drive ductular cell proliferation, portal inflammation and fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Hence, despite the previous consensus that cholangiocytes are bystanders in liver diseases, their diverse secretome plays critical roles in modulating the intrahepatic microenvironment. This review summarizes recent insights into the cholangiokines under both physiological and pathological conditions, especially as they occur during liver injury-regeneration, inflammation, fibrosis and malignant transformation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Cai
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanyang Liu
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Center of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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12
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Hao J, Shen X, Lu K, Xu Y, Chen Y, Liu J, Shao X, Zhu C, Ding Y, Xie X, Wu J, Yang Q. Costunolide alleviated DDC induced ductular reaction and inflammatory response in murine model of cholestatic liver disease. J Tradit Complement Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
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13
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Kyritsi K, Wu N, Zhou T, Carpino G, Baiocchi L, Kennedy L, Chen L, Ceci L, Meyer AA, Barupala N, Franchitto A, Onori P, Ekser B, Gaudio E, Wu C, Marakovits C, Chakraborty S, Francis H, Glaser S, Alpini G. Knockout of secretin ameliorates biliary and liver phenotypes during alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:5. [PMID: 36624475 PMCID: PMC9830859 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00945-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is characterized by ductular reaction (DR), liver inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The secretin (Sct)/secretin receptor (SR) axis (expressed only by cholangiocytes) regulates liver phenotypes in cholestasis. We evaluated the role of Sct signaling on ALD phenotypes. METHODS We used male wild-type and Sct-/- mice fed a control diet (CD) or ethanol (EtOH) for 8 wk. Changes in liver phenotypes were measured in mice, female/male healthy controls, and patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Since Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a11/22 regulate EtOH liver metabolism, we measured their expression in mouse/human liver. We evaluated: (i) the immunoreactivity of the lipogenesis enzyme elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids 1 (Elovl, mainly expressed by hepatocytes) in mouse/human liver sections by immunostaining; (ii) the expression of miR-125b (that is downregulated in cholestasis by Sct) in mouse liver by qPCR; and (iii) total bile acid (BA) levels in mouse liver by enzymatic assay, and the mRNA expression of genes regulating BA synthesis (cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase, Cyp27a1, 12a-hydroxylase, Cyp8b1, and oxysterol 7a-hydroxylase, Cyp7b11) and transport (bile salt export pump, Bsep, Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, NTCP, and the organic solute transporter alpha (OSTa) in mouse liver by qPCR. RESULTS In EtOH-fed WT mice there was increased biliary and liver damage compared to control mice, but decreased miR-125b expression, phenotypes that were blunted in EtOH-fed Sct-/- mice. The expression of Cyp4a10 increased in cholangiocytes and hepatocytes from EtOH-fed WT compared to control mice but decreased in EtOH-fed Sct-/- mice. There was increased immunoreactivity of Cyp4a11/22 in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis compared to controls. The expression of miR-125b decreased in EtOH-fed WT mice but returned at normal values in EtOH-fed Sct-/- mice. Elovl1 immunoreactivity increased in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis compared to controls. There was no difference in BA levels between WT mice fed CD or EtOH; BA levels decreased in EtOH-fed Sct-/- compared to EtOH-fed WT mice. There was increased expression of Cyp27a1, Cyp8b1, Cyp7b1, Bsep, NTCP and Osta in total liver from EtOH-fed WT compared to control mice, which decreased in EtOH-fed Sct-/- compared to EtOH-fed WT mice. CONCLUSIONS Targeting Sct/SR signaling may be important for modulating ALD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kyritsi
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Nan Wu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Guido Carpino
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Baiocchi
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Unit of Hepatology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.280828.80000 0000 9681 3540Division of Research, Indiana Center for Liver Research, Gastroenterology, Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, 702 Rotary Circle, Rm. 013C, Indianapolis, IN 46202-2859 USA
| | - Lixian Chen
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,grid.7841.aDepartment of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alison Ann Meyer
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Nipuni Barupala
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Antonio Franchitto
- grid.412756.30000 0000 8580 6601Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Burcin Ekser
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chaodong Wu
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Corinn Marakovits
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Parkway, MREB II, Room 2342, Bryan, TX 77807-3260 USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Division of Research, Indiana Center for Liver Research, Gastroenterology, Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, 702 Rotary Circle, Rm. 013C, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-2859, USA.
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Parkway, MREB II, Room 2342, Bryan, TX, 77807-3260, USA.
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Division of Research, Indiana Center for Liver Research, Gastroenterology, Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, 702 Rotary Circle, Rm. 013C, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-2859, USA.
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14
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Liver Regeneration and Immunity: A Tale to Tell. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021176. [PMID: 36674692 PMCID: PMC9864482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological importance of the liver is demonstrated by its unique and essential ability to regenerate following extensive injuries affecting its function. By regenerating, the liver reacts to hepatic damage and thus enables homeostasis to be restored. The aim of this review is to add new findings that integrate the regenerative pathway to the current knowledge. An optimal regeneration is achieved through the integration of two main pathways: IL-6/JAK/STAT3, which promotes hepatocyte proliferation, and PI3K/PDK1/Akt, which in turn enhances cell growth. Proliferation and cell growth are events that must be balanced during the three phases of the regenerative process: initiation, proliferation and termination. Achieving the correct liver/body weight ratio is ensured by several pathways as extracellular matrix signalling, apoptosis through caspase-3 activation, and molecules including transforming growth factor-beta, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The actors involved in the regenerative process are numerous and many of them are also pivotal players in both the immune and non-immune inflammatory process, that is observed in the early stages of hepatic regeneration. Balance of Th17/Treg is important in liver inflammatory process outcomes. Knowledge of liver regeneration will allow a more detailed characterisation of the molecular mechanisms that are crucial in the interplay between proliferation and inflammation.
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15
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Secretin alleviates biliary and liver injury during late-stage primary biliary cholangitis via restoration of secretory processes. J Hepatol 2023; 78:99-113. [PMID: 35987275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is characterised by ductopenia, ductular reaction, impairment of anion exchanger 2 (AE2) and the 'bicarbonate umbrella'. Ductulo-canalicular junction (DCJ) derangement is hypothesised to promote PBC progression. The secretin (Sct)/secretin receptor (SR) axis regulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor (CFTR) and AE2, thus promoting choleresis. We evaluated the role of Sct/SR signalling on biliary secretory processes and subsequent injury in a late-stage PBC mouse model and human samples. METHODS At 32 weeks of age, female and male wild-type and dominant-negative transforming growth factor beta receptor II (late-stage PBC model) mice were treated with Sct for 1 or 8 weeks. Bulk RNA-sequencing was performed in isolated cholangiocytes from mouse models. RESULTS Biliary Sct/SR/CFTR/AE2 expression and bile bicarbonate levels were reduced in late-stage PBC mouse models and human samples. Sct treatment decreased bile duct loss, ductular reaction, inflammation, and fibrosis in late-stage PBC models. Sct reduced hepatic bile acid levels, modified bile acid composition, and restored the DCJ and 'bicarbonate umbrella'. RNA-sequencing identified that Sct promoted mature epithelial marker expression, specifically anterior grade protein 2 (Agr2). Late-stage PBC models and human samples exhibited reduced biliary mucin 1 levels, which were enhanced by Sct treatment. CONCLUSION Loss of Sct/SR signalling in late-stage PBC results in a faulty 'bicarbonate umbrella' and reduced Agr2-mediated mucin production. Sct restores cholangiocyte secretory processes and DCJ formation through enhanced mature cholangiocyte phenotypes and bile duct growth. Sct treatment may be beneficial for individuals with late-stage PBC. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Secretin (Sct) regulates biliary proliferation and bicarbonate secretion in cholangiocytes via its receptor, SR, and in mouse models and human samples of late-stage primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), the Sct/SR axis is blunted along with loss of the protective 'bicarbonate umbrella'. We found that both short- and long-term Sct treatment ameliorated ductular reaction, immune cell influx, and liver fibrosis in late-stage PBC mouse models. Importantly, Sct treatment promoted bicarbonate and mucin secretion and hepatic bile acid efflux, thus reducing cholestatic and toxic bile acid-associated injury in late-stage PBC mouse models. Our work perpetuates the hypothesis that PBC pathogenesis hinges on secretory defects, and restoration of secretory processes that promote the 'bicarbonate umbrella' may be important for amelioration of PBC-associated damage.
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16
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Li B, Wang H, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhou T, Zhou B, Zhang Y, Chen R, Xing J, He L, Salinas JM, Koyama S, Meng F, Wan Y. Current Perspectives of Neuroendocrine Regulation in Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233783. [PMID: 36497043 PMCID: PMC9736734 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a complicated process that involves different cell types and pathological factors. The excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and the formation of fibrotic scar disrupt the tissue homeostasis of the liver, eventually leading to cirrhosis and even liver failure. Myofibroblasts derived from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) contribute to the development of liver fibrosis by producing ECM in the area of injuries. It has been reported that the secretion of the neuroendocrine hormone in chronic liver injury is different from a healthy liver. Activated HSCs and cholangiocytes express specific receptors in response to these neuropeptides released from the neuroendocrine system and other neuroendocrine cells. Neuroendocrine hormones and their receptors form a complicated network that regulates hepatic inflammation, which controls the progression of liver fibrosis. This review summarizes neuroendocrine regulation in liver fibrosis from three aspects. The first part describes the mechanisms of liver fibrosis. The second part presents the neuroendocrine sources and neuroendocrine compartments in the liver. The third section discusses the effects of various neuroendocrine factors, such as substance P (SP), melatonin, as well as α-calcitonin gene-related peptide (α-CGRP), on liver fibrosis and the potential therapeutic interventions for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yudian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tiejun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bingru Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Juan Xing
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Longfei He
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jennifer Mata Salinas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sachiko Koyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ying Wan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (Y.W.)
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17
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Luo Z, Sun Y, Qi B, Lin J, Chen Y, Xu Y, Chen J. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit shoulder stiffness via let-7a/Tgfbr1 axis. Bioact Mater 2022; 17:344-359. [PMID: 35386460 PMCID: PMC8965035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Shoulder stiffness (SS) is a common shoulder disease characterized by increasing pain and limited range of motion. SS is considered to be an inflammatory and fibrotic disorder pathologically. However, there is no consensus on the most effective conservative treatment for fibrosis. Given that human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (BMSC-EVs) displayed promising therapeutic effects for various tissues, we investigated the therapeutic effect of BMSC-EVs on fibrosis in a mice immobilization model and two cell models. By conducting a series of experiments, we found that BMSC-EVs can significantly inhibit the fibrogenic process both in vitro and in vivo. In detail, BMSC-EVs suppressed the aberrant proliferation, high collagen production capacity, and activation of fibrotic pathways in TGF-β-stimulated fibroblasts in vitro. Besides, in vivo, BMSC-EVs reduced cell infiltration, reduced fibrotic tissue in the shoulder capsule, and improved shoulder mobility. In addition, via exosomal small RNA sequencing and qPCR analysis, let-7a-5p was verified to be the highest expressed miRNA with predicted antifibrotic capability in BMSC-EVs. The antifibrotic capacity of BMSC-EVs was significantly impaired after the knockdown of let-7a-5p. Moreover, we discovered that the mRNA of TGFBR1 (the membrane receptor of transforming growth factor β) was the target of let-7a-5p. Together, these findings elucidated the antifibrotic role of BMSC-EVs in shoulder capsular fibrosis. This study clarifies a new approach using stem cell-derived EVs therapy as an alternative to cell therapy, which may clinically benefit patients with SS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaying Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beijie Qi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Lin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiwu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author. Shanghai General Hospital, No. 85 Wujin Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Nangia-Makker P, Hogan V, Balan V, Raz A. Chimeric galectin-3 and collagens: Biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in fibroproliferative diseases. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102622. [PMID: 36272642 PMCID: PMC9706532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, stiffening and scarring of an organ/tissue due to genetic abnormalities, environmental factors, infection, and/or injury, is responsible for > 40% of all deaths in the industrialized world, and to date, there is no cure for it despite extensive research and numerous clinical trials. Several biomarkers have been identified, but no effective therapeutic targets are available. Human galectin-3 is a chimeric gene product formed by the fusion of the internal domain of the collagen alpha gene [N-terminal domain (ND)] at the 5'-end of galectin-1 [C-terminal domain (CRD)] that appeared during evolution together with vertebrates. Due to the overlapping structural similarities between collagen and galectin-3 and their shared susceptibility to cleavage by matrix metalloproteases to generate circulating collagen-like peptides, this review will discuss present knowledge on the role of collagen and galectin-3 as biomarkers of fibrosis. We will also highlight the need for transformative approaches targeting both the ND and CRD domains of galectin-3, since glycoconjugate binding by the CRD is triggered by ND-mediated oligomerization and the therapies targeted only at the CRD have so far achieved limited success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Nangia-Makker
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA,For correspondence: Pratima Nangia-Makker; Avraham Raz
| | - Victor Hogan
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Vitaly Balan
- Guardant Health, Bioinformatics, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Avraham Raz
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA,For correspondence: Pratima Nangia-Makker; Avraham Raz
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19
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Abdolahi S, Zare-Chahoki A, Noorbakhsh F, Gorji A. A Review of Molecular Interplay between Neurotrophins and miRNAs in Neuropsychological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6260-6280. [PMID: 35916975 PMCID: PMC9463196 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Various neurotrophins (NTs), including nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4, promote cellular differentiation, survival, and maintenance, as well as synaptic plasticity, in the peripheral and central nervous system. The function of microRNAs (miRNAs) and other small non-coding RNAs, as regulators of gene expression, is pivotal for the appropriate control of cell growth and differentiation. There are positive and negative loops between NTs and miRNAs, which exert modulatory effects on different signaling pathways. The interplay between NTs and miRNAs plays a crucial role in the regulation of several physiological and pathological brain procedures. Emerging evidence suggests the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of the interactions between NTs and miRNAs in several neuropsychological disorders, including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and drug abuse. Here, we review current data regarding the regulatory interactions between NTs and miRNAs in neuropsychological disorders, for which novel diagnostic and/or therapeutic strategies are emerging. Targeting NTs-miRNAs interactions for diagnostic or therapeutic approaches needs to be validated by future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdolahi
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Zare-Chahoki
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
- Department of Neurology and Institute for Translational Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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20
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Puttabyatappa M, Saadat N, Elangovan VR, Dou J, Bakulski K, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming: Impact of prenatal bisphenol-A exposure on liver and muscle transcriptome of female sheep. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 451:116161. [PMID: 35817127 PMCID: PMC9618258 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gestational Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure leads to peripheral insulin resistance, and hepatic and skeletal muscle oxidative stress and lipotoxicity during adulthood in the female sheep offspring. To investigate transcriptional changes underlying the metabolic outcomes, coding and non-coding (nc) RNA in liver and muscle from 21-month-old control and prenatal BPA-treated (0.5 mg/kg/day from days 30 to 90 of gestation; Term: 147 days) female sheep were sequenced. Prenatal BPA-treatment dysregulated: expression of 194 genes (138 down, 56 up) in liver and 112 genes (32 down, 80 up) in muscle (FDR < 0.05 and abs log2FC > 0.5); 155 common gene pathways including mitochondrial-related genes in both tissues; 1415 gene pathways including oxidative stress and lipid biosynthetic process specifically in the liver (FDR < 0.01); 192 gene pathways including RNA biosynthetic processes in muscle (FDR < 0.01); 77 lncRNA (49 down, 28 up), 14 microRNAs (6 down, 8 up), 127 snoRNAs (63 down, 64 up) and 55 snRNAs (15 down, 40 up) in the liver while upregulating 6 lncRNA and dysregulating 65 snoRNAs (47 down, 18 up) in muscle (FDR < 0.1, abs log2FC > 0.5). Multiple ncRNA correlated with LCORL, MED17 and ZNF41 mRNA in liver but none of them in the muscle. Discriminant analysis identified (p < 0.05) PECAM, RDH11, ABCA6, MIR200B, and MIR30B in liver and CAST, NOS1, FASN, MIR26B, and MIR29A in muscle as gene signatures of gestational BPA exposure. These findings provide mechanistic clues into the development and/or maintenance of the oxidative stress and lipid accumulation and potential for development of mitochondrial and fibrotic defects contributing to the prenatal BPA-induced metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muraly Puttabyatappa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Nadia Saadat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | | | - John Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Kelly Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
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21
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Di Sotto A, Gullì M, Minacori M, Mancinelli R, Garzoli S, Percaccio E, Incocciati A, Romaniello D, Mazzanti G, Eufemi M, Di Giacomo S. β-Caryophyllene Counteracts Chemoresistance Induced by Cigarette Smoke in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-468 Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092257. [PMID: 36140359 PMCID: PMC9496176 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) has been associated with an increased risk of fatal breast cancers and recurrence, along with chemoresistance and chemotherapy impairment. This strengthens the interest in chemopreventive agents to be exploited both in healthy and oncological subjects to prevent or repair CS damage. In the present study, we evaluated the chemopreventive properties of the natural sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene towards the damage induced by cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) in triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-468 cells. Particularly, we assessed the ability of the sesquiterpene to interfere with the mechanisms exploited by CSC to promote cell survival and chemoresistance, including genomic instability, cell cycle progress, autophagy/apoptosis, cell migration and related pathways. β-Caryophyllene was found to be able to increase the CSC-induced death of MDA-MB-468 cells, likely triggering oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; moreover, it hindered cell recovery, autophagy activation and cell migration; at last, a marked inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation was highlighted: this could represent a key mechanism of the chemoprevention by β-caryophyllene. Although further studies are required to confirm the in vivo efficacy of β-caryophyllene, the present results suggest a novel strategy to reduce the harmful effect of smoke in cancer patients and to improve the survival expectations in breast cancer women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Marco Gullì
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Minacori
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ester Percaccio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Incocciati
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriela Mazzanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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22
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Gene Set Enrichment Analysis Detected Immune Cell-Related Pathways Associated with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2371347. [PMID: 36060137 PMCID: PMC9439919 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2371347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim To explore various immune cell-related causal pathways for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Methods Immune cell-related pathway association study was conducted via integrative analysis of PSC GWAS summary and five immune cell-related eQTL datasets. The GWAS summary data of PSC was driven from 4,796 PSC cases and 19,955 healthy controls. The eQTL datasets of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, natural killer cells (NK), monocytes, and peripheral blood cells (PB) were collected from recently eQTL study. The PSC GWAS summary dataset was first aligned with eQTL datasets of six blood cells to obtain the GWAS summary data at overlapped eQTL loci, separately. For each type of cell, the obtained PSC GWAS summary dataset of eQTLs was subjected to pathway enrichment analysis. 853 biological pathways from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, BioCarta, and Reactome pathway databases were analyzed. Results We identified 36 pathways for B cells, 33 pathways for CD4+ T cells, 28 pathways for CD8+ T cells, 33 pathways for monocytes (MN), 35 pathways for NK cells, and 33 for PB cells (all empirical P values <5.0 × 10−5). Comparing the pathway analysis results detected 25 pathways shared by five immune cells, such as KEGG_CELL_ADHESION_MOLECULES_CAMS (P value <5.0 × 10−5) and REACTOME_MHC_CLASS_II_ANTIGEN_ PRESENTATION (P value <5.0 × 10−5). Several cell-specific pathways were also identified, including BIOCARTA_INFLAM_PATHWAY (P value <5 × 10−5) for B cell. Conclusion Our study holds potential to identify novel candidate causal pathways and provides clues for revealing the complex genetic mechanism of PSC.
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23
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Wang J, Yuan Z, Zhang H, Wu Q, Miao Y, Xu Y, Yu Q, Huang X, Zhang Z, Huang X, Tang Q, Zhang L, Jiang Z. Obeticholic acid aggravates liver injury by up-regulating the liver expression of osteopontin in obstructive cholestasis. Life Sci 2022; 307:120882. [PMID: 35963300 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obeticholic acid (OCA) was approved for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients, as it can significantly improve the level of serum alkaline phosphatase. However, OCA-induced liver injury in PBC patients puts them at risk of acute chronic liver failure, thus limiting the clinical application of OCA. Osteopontin (OPN), an extracellular cell matrix molecule, is highly induced in many cholestatic liver diseases. Herein we explored whether liver injury exacerbation by OCA was related to OPN. MAIN METHODS Bile duct ligation (BDL) mice were treated with OCA (40 mg/kg) to evaluate its effect on liver injury and OPN involvement. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other assays were used to detect OPN levels in serum and liver. Immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence, among other assays, were used to evaluate the extent of ductular reaction. The extent of fibrosis was also determined using various assays, such as immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and hydroxyproline assays. KEY FINDINGS OPN was overexpressed in the liver of BDL mice treated with OCA. OCA induced overexpression of OPN exacerbated ductular reaction, fibrosis, and liver inflammation, and reduced hepatocyte proliferation. SIGNIFICANCE Upon liver injury, OCA upregulates the expression of OPN in the liver and accelerates disease progression. This mechanism helps explain the risk of liver damage associated with OCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zihang Yuan
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qipeng Wu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yingying Miao
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yunxia Xu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qinwei Yu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ziling Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinliang Huang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qianhui Tang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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24
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Prolonged Administration of Melatonin Ameliorates Liver Phenotypes in Cholestatic Murine Model. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:877-904. [PMID: 35863741 PMCID: PMC9425041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterized by biliary senescence and hepatic fibrosis. Melatonin exerts its effects by interacting with Melatonin receptor 1 and 2 (MT1/MT2) melatonin receptors. Short-term (1 wk) melatonin treatment reduces a ductular reaction and liver fibrosis in bile duct-ligated rats by down-regulation of MT1 and clock genes, and in multidrug resistance gene 2 knockout (Mdr2-/-) mice by decreased miR200b-dependent angiogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of melatonin on liver phenotype that may be mediated by changes in MT1/clock genes/miR200b/maspin/glutathione-S transferase (GST) signaling. METHODS Male wild-type and Mdr2-/- mice had access to drinking water with/without melatonin for 3 months. Liver damage, biliary proliferation/senescence, liver fibrosis, peribiliary inflammation, and angiogenesis were measured by staining in liver sections, and by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in liver samples. We confirmed a link between MT1/clock genes/miR200b/maspin/GST/angiogenesis signaling by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software and measured liver phenotypes and the aforementioned signaling pathway in liver samples from the mouse groups, healthy controls, and PSC patients and immortalized human PSC cholangiocytes. RESULTS Chronic administration of melatonin to Mdr2-/- mice ameliorates liver phenotypes, which were associated with decreased MT1 and clock gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin improves liver histology and restores the circadian rhythm by interaction with MT1 through decreased angiogenesis and increased maspin/GST activity.
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25
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Huang Y, Zhang S, Weng JF, Huang D, Gu WL. Recent discoveries in microbiota dysbiosis, cholangiocytic factors, and models for studying the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:915-929. [PMID: 35647306 PMCID: PMC9106112 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a cholangiopathy caused by genetic and microenvironmental changes, such as bile homeostasis disorders and microbiota dysbiosis. Therapeutic options are limited, and proven surveillance strategies are currently lacking. Clinically, PSC presents as alternating strictures and dilatations of biliary ducts, resulting in the typical “beaded” appearance seen on cholangiography. The pathogenesis of PSC is still unclear, but cholangiocytes play an essential role in disease development, wherein a reactive phenotype is caused by the secretion of neuroendocrine factors. The liver–gut axis is implicated in the pathogenesis of PSC owing to the dysbiosis of microbiota, but the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood. Alterations in cholangiocyte responses and related signalling pathways during PSC progression were elucidated by recent research, providing novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarise the currently known underlying mechanisms of PSC pathogenesis caused by the dysbiosis of microbiota and newly reported information regarding cholangiocytes in PSC. We also summarise recently reported in vitro and in vivo models for studying the pathogenesis of PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, No. 1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Feng Weng
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Li Gu
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, No. 1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, People's Republic of China
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26
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Liver secretin receptor predicts portoenterostomy outcomes and liver injury in biliary atresia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7233. [PMID: 35508528 PMCID: PMC9068784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a chronic neonatal cholangiopathy characterized by fibroinflammatory bile duct damage. Reliable biomarkers for predicting native liver survival (NLS) following portoenterostomy (PE) surgery are lacking. Herein we explore the utility of 22 preidentified profibrotic molecules closely connected to ductular reaction (DR) and prevailing after successful PE (SPE), in predicting PE outcomes and liver injury. We used qPCR and immunohistochemistry in a BA cohort including liver samples obtained at PE (n = 53) and during postoperative follow-up after SPE (n = 25). Of the 13 genes over-expressed in relation to cholestatic age-matched controls at PE, only secretin receptor (SCTR) expression predicted cumulative 5-year NLS and clearance of jaundice. Patients in the highest SCTR expression tertile showed 34-55% lower NLS than other groups at 1-5 years after PE (P = 0.006-0.04 for each year). SCTR expression was also significantly lower [42 (24-63) vs 75 (39-107) fold, P = 0.015] among those who normalized their serum bilirubin after PE. Liver SCTR expression localized in cholangiocytes and correlated positively with liver fibrosis, DR, and transcriptional markers of fibrosis (ACTA2) and cholangiocytes (KRT7, KRT19) both at PE and after SPE. SCTR is a promising prognostic marker for PE outcomes and associates with liver injury in BA.
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Wu N, Carpino G, Ceci L, Baiocchi L, Francis H, Kennedy L, Zhou T, Chen L, Sato K, Kyritsi K, Meadows V, Ekser B, Franchitto A, Mancinelli R, Onori P, Gaudio E, Glaser S, Alpini G. Melatonin receptor 1A, but not 1B, knockout decreases biliary damage and liver fibrosis during cholestatic liver injury. Hepatology 2022; 75:797-813. [PMID: 34743371 PMCID: PMC8930565 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Melatonin reduces biliary damage and liver fibrosis in cholestatic models by interaction with melatonin receptors 1A (MT1) and 1B (MT2). MT1 and MT2 can form heterodimers and homodimers, but MT1 and MT2 can heterodimerize with the orphan receptor G protein-coupled receptor 50 (GPR50). MT1/GPR50 dimerization blocks melatonin binding, but MT2/GPR50 dimerization does not affect melatonin binding. GPR50 can dimerize with TGFβ receptor type I (TGFβRI) to activate this receptor. We aimed to determine the differential roles of MT1 and MT2 during cholestasis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT), MT1 knockout (KO), MT2KO, and MT1/MT2 double KO (DKO) mice underwent sham or bile duct ligation (BDL); these mice were also treated with melatonin. BDL WT and multidrug resistance 2 KO (Mdr2-/- ) mice received mismatch, MT1, or MT2 Vivo-Morpholino. Biliary expression of MT1 and GPR50 increases in cholestatic rodents and human primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) samples. Loss of MT1 in BDL and Mdr2-/- mice ameliorated biliary and liver damage, whereas these parameters were enhanced following loss of MT2 and in DKO mice. Interestingly, melatonin treatment alleviated BDL-induced biliary and liver injury in BDL WT and BDL MT2KO mice but not in BDL MT1KO or BDL DKO mice, demonstrating melatonin's interaction with MT1. Loss of MT2 or DKO mice exhibited enhanced GPR50/TGFβR1 signaling, which was reduced by loss of MT1. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin ameliorates liver phenotypes through MT1, whereas down-regulation of MT2 promotes liver damage through GPR50/TGFβR1 activation. Blocking GPR50/TGFβR1 binding through modulation of melatonin signaling may be a therapeutic approach for PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of MovementHuman and Health SciencesDivision of Health SciencesUniversity of Rome "Foro Italico,"RomeItaly
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - Heather Francis
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Lixian Chen
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Vik Meadows
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Antonio Franchitto
- Department of AnatomicalHistologicalForensic Medicine and Orthopedic SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of AnatomicalHistologicalForensic Medicine and Orthopedic SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of AnatomicalHistologicalForensic Medicine and Orthopedic SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of AnatomicalHistologicalForensic Medicine and Orthopedic SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M University College of MedicineBryanTexasUSA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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28
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Meadows V, Baiocchi L, Kundu D, Sato K, Fuentes Y, Wu C, Chakraborty S, Glaser S, Alpini G, Kennedy L, Francis H. Biliary Epithelial Senescence in Liver Disease: There Will Be SASP. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:803098. [PMID: 34993234 PMCID: PMC8724525 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.803098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a pathophysiological phenomenon in which proliferative cells enter cell cycle arrest following DNA damage and other stress signals. Natural, permanent DNA damage can occur after repetitive cell division; however, acute stress or other injuries can push cells into premature senescence and eventually a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In recent years, there has been increased evidence for the role of premature senescence in disease progression including diabetes, cardiac diseases, and end-stage liver diseases including cholestasis. Liver size and function change with aging, and presumably with increasing cellular senescence, so it is important to understand the mechanisms by which cellular senescence affects the functional nature of the liver in health and disease. As well, cells in a SASP state secrete a multitude of inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic factors that modulate the microenvironment. Cellular SASP and the associated, secreted factors have been implicated in the progression of liver diseases, such as cholestatic injury that target the biliary epithelial cells (i.e., cholangiocytes) lining the bile ducts. Indeed, cholangiocyte senescence/SASP is proposed to be a driver of disease phenotypes in a variety of liver injuries. Within this review, we will discuss the impact of cholangiocyte senescence and SASP in the pathogenesis of cholestatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vik Meadows
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Yessenia Fuentes
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, STEM GEHCS Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Heather Francis
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Wang Y, Chen B, Xiao C, Yu J, Bu X, Jiang F, Ding W, Ge Z. Effect of miR-183-5p on Cholestatic Liver Fibrosis by Regulating Fork Head Box Protein O1 Expression. Front Physiol 2021; 12:737313. [PMID: 34867446 PMCID: PMC8639207 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.737313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common pathological feature of end-stage liver disease and has no effective treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to modulate gene expression in liver disease. But the potential role of miRNA in hepatic fibrosis is still unclear. The objective of this research is to study the potential mechanism and biological function of miR-183-5p in liver fibrosis. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to find that miR-183-5p is upregulated in human fibrotic liver tissues. In addition, miR-183-5p was upregulated both in rat liver fibrosis tissue induced by bile-duct ligation (BDL) and activated LX-2 cells (human hepatic stellate cell line) according to the result of quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Moreover, the inhibition of miR-183-5p alleviated liver fibrosis, decreased the fibrotic biomarker levels in vitro and in vivo, and led toLX-2 cell proliferation inhibition and, apoptosis induction. The result of dual-luciferase assay revealed that miR-183-5p suppressed fork head box protein O1 (FOXO1) expression by binding to its 3'UTR directly. Next, we used lentivirus to overexpress FOXO1 in LX-2 cells, and we found that overexpression of FOXO1 reversed the promotion of miR-183-5p on liver fibrosis, reducing the fibrotic biomarker levels inLX-2 cells, inhibitingLX-2 cell proliferation, and promoting apoptosis. Furthermore, overexpression of FOXO1 prevented the activation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway in TGF-β1-induced LX-2 cells according to the result of western blotting. In conclusion, the findings showed thatmiR-183-5p might act as a key regulator of liver fibrosis, and miR-183-5p could promote cholestatic liver fibrosis by inhibiting FOXO1 expression through the TGF-β signaling pathway. Thus, inhibition of miR-183-5pmay be a new way to prevent and improve liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengcheng Xiao
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangyang Bu
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengxing Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weijie Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhong Ge
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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30
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Mechanism of cholangiocellular damage and repair during cholestasis. Ann Hepatol 2021; 26:100530. [PMID: 34509686 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2021.100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of damage of the biliary epithelium remains partially unexplored. However, recently many works have offered new evidence regarding the cholangiocytes' damage process, which is the main target in a broad spectrum of pathologies ranging from acute cholestasis, cholangiopathies to cholangiocarcinoma. This is encouraging since some works addressed this epithelium's relevance in health and disease until a few years ago. The biliary tree in the liver, comprised of cholangiocytes, is a pipeline for bile flow and regulates key hepatic processes such as proliferation, regeneration, immune response, and signaling. This review aimed to compile the most recent advances on the mechanisms of cholangiocellular damage during cholestasis, which, although it is present in many cholangiopathies, is not necessarily a common or conserved process in all of them, having a relevant role cAMP and PKA during obstructive cholestasis, as well as Ca2+-dependent PKC in functional cholestasis. Cholangiocellular damage could vary according to the type of cholestasis, the aggressor, or the bile ducts' location where it develops and what kind of damage can favor cholangiocellular carcinoma development.
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31
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Chen L, Wu N, Kennedy L, Francis H, Ceci L, Zhou T, Samala N, Kyritsi K, Wu C, Sybenga A, Ekser B, Dar W, Atkins C, Meadows V, Glaser S, Alpini G. Inhibition of Secretin/Secretin Receptor Axis Ameliorates NAFLD Phenotypes. Hepatology 2021; 74:1845-1863. [PMID: 33928675 PMCID: PMC8782246 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Human NAFLD is characterized at early stages by hepatic steatosis, which may progress to NASH when the liver displays microvesicular steatosis, lobular inflammation, and pericellular fibrosis. The secretin (SCT)/secretin receptor (SCTR) axis promotes biliary senescence and liver fibrosis in cholestatic models through down-regulation of miR-125b signaling. We aim to evaluate the effect of disrupting biliary SCT/SCTR/miR-125b signaling on hepatic steatosis, biliary senescence, and liver fibrosis in NAFLD/NASH. APPROACH AND RESULTS In vivo, 4-week-old male wild-type, Sct-/- and Sctr-/- mice were fed a control diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. The expression of SCT/SCTR/miR-125b axis was measured in human NAFLD/NASH liver samples and HFD mouse livers by immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR. Biliary/hepatocyte senescence, ductular reaction, and liver angiogenesis were evaluated in mouse liver and human NAFLD/NASH liver samples. miR-125b target lipogenesis genes in hepatocytes were screened and validated by custom RT2 Profiler PCR array and luciferase assay. Biliary SCT/SCTR expression was increased in human NAFLD/NASH samples and in livers of HFD mice, whereas the expression of miR-125b was decreased. Biliary/hepatocyte senescence, ductular reaction, and liver angiogenesis were observed in human NAFLD/NASH samples as well as HFD mice, which were decreased in Sct-/- and Sctr-/- HFD mice. Elovl1 is a lipogenesis gene targeted by miR-125b, and its expression was also decreased in HFD mouse hepatocytes following Sct or Sctr knockout. Bile acid profile in fecal samples have the greatest changes between wild-type mice and Sct-/- /Sctr-/- mice. CONCLUSION The biliary SCT/SCTR/miR-125b axis promotes liver steatosis by up-regulating lipid biosynthesis gene Elovl1. Targeting the biliary SCT/SCTR/miR-125b axis may be key for ameliorating phenotypes of human NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Niharika Samala
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Amelia Sybenga
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Wasim Dar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
| | - Constance Atkins
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
| | - Vik Meadows
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
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32
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Cranberry (Vacinium macrocarpon) phytochemicals inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Baiocchi L, Glaser S, Francis H, Kennedy L, Felli E, Alpini G, Gracia-Sancho J. Impact of Aging on Liver Cells and Liver Disease: Focus on the Biliary and Vascular Compartments. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1125-1137. [PMID: 34278165 PMCID: PMC8279468 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is represented by the time-dependent decay in physiologic functions of living beings. Major interest has been focused in recent years on the determinants of this progressive condition due to its correlative relationship with the onset of diseases. Several hallmark features have been observed in aging, such as genetic alterations, mitochondrial impairment, and telomere shortening. At the cellular level, a senescent phenotype has been identified in response to aging that is characterized by a flat appearance, proliferative arrest, and production of specific molecules. The net effect of these cells in the course of diseases is an argument of debate. In fact, while the onset of a senescent phenotype may prevent tumor spreading, these cells appear to support pathological processes in some conditions. Several studies are now focused on clarifying the specific molecular pathways of aging/senescence in different cells, tissues, or organs. Biliary and vascular components, within the liver, have emerged as important determinants of some form of liver disease. In this review we summarize the most recent achievements on aging/senescence, focusing on the biliary and vascular liver system. Conclusion: Several findings, in both preclinical animal models and on human liver specimens, converge in supporting the presence of specific aging hallmarks in the diseases involving these hepatic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Baiocchi
- Hepatology UnitDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M College of MedicineBryanTXUSA
| | - Heather Francis
- Hepatology and MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisINUSA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Hepatology and MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisINUSA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Eric Felli
- HepatologyDepartment of Biomedical ResearchInselspitalBernSwitzerland
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Hepatology and MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisINUSA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular BiologyIDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute and CIBEREHDBarcelonaSpain.,HepatologyDepartment of Biomedical ResearchInselspitalBernSwitzerland
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34
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Kyrönlahti A, Godbole N, Akinrinade O, Soini T, Nyholm I, Andersson N, Hukkinen M, Lohi J, Wilson DB, Pihlajoki M, Pakarinen MP, Heikinheimo M. Evolving Up-regulation of Biliary Fibrosis-Related Extracellular Matrix Molecules After Successful Portoenterostomy. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1036-1050. [PMID: 34141988 PMCID: PMC8183171 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful portoenterostomy (SPE) improves the short-term outcome of patients with biliary atresia (BA) by relieving cholestasis and extending survival with native liver. Despite SPE, hepatic fibrosis progresses in most patients, leading to cirrhosis and a deterioration of liver function. The goal of this study was to characterize the effects of SPE on the BA liver transcriptome. We used messenger RNA sequencing to analyze global gene-expression patterns in liver biopsies obtained at the time of portoenterostomy (n = 13) and 1 year after SPE (n = 8). Biopsies from pediatric (n = 2) and adult (n = 2) organ donors and other neonatal cholestatic conditions (n = 5) served as controls. SPE was accompanied by attenuation of inflammation and concomitant up-regulation of key extracellular matrix (ECM) genes. Highly overexpressed genes promoting biliary fibrosis and bile duct integrity, such as integrin subunit beta 6 and previously unreported laminin subunit alpha 3, emerged as candidates to control liver fibrosis after SPE. At a cellular level, the relative abundance of activated hepatic stellate cells and liver macrophages decreased following SPE, whereas portal fibroblasts (PFs) and cholangiocytes persisted. Conclusion: The attenuation of inflammation following SPE coincides with emergence of an ECM molecular fingerprint, a set of profibrotic molecules mechanistically connected to biliary fibrosis. The persistence of activated PFs and cholangiocytes after SPE suggests a central role for these cell types in the progression of biliary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Kyrönlahti
- Pediatric Research CenterChildren's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Nimish Godbole
- Pediatric Research CenterChildren's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Oyediran Akinrinade
- Pediatric Research CenterChildren's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tea Soini
- Pediatric Research CenterChildren's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland.,Center for Infectious MedicineDepartment of MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Iiris Nyholm
- Pediatric Research CenterChildren's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland.,Pediatric SurgeryPediatric Liver and Gut Research GroupChildren's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Noora Andersson
- Pediatric Research CenterChildren's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Maria Hukkinen
- Pediatric SurgeryPediatric Liver and Gut Research GroupChildren's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jouko Lohi
- Department of PathologyHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - David B Wilson
- Department of PediatricsSt. Louis Children's HospitalWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Marjut Pihlajoki
- Pediatric Research CenterChildren's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland.,Center for Infectious MedicineDepartment of MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Mikko P Pakarinen
- Pediatric Research CenterChildren's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland.,Pediatric SurgeryPediatric Liver and Gut Research GroupChildren's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Pediatric Research CenterChildren's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland.,Department of PediatricsSt. Louis Children's HospitalWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
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Chen L, Zhou T, White T, O’Brien A, Chakraborty S, Liangpunsakul S, Yang Z, Kennedy L, Saxena R, Wu C, Meng F, Huang Q, Francis H, Alpini G, Glaser S. The Apelin-Apelin Receptor Axis Triggers Cholangiocyte Proliferation and Liver Fibrosis During Mouse Models of Cholestasis. Hepatology 2021; 73:2411-2428. [PMID: 32964473 PMCID: PMC9288669 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Apelin (APLN) is the endogenous ligand of its G protein-coupled receptor, apelin receptor (APJ). APLN serum levels are increased in human liver diseases. We evaluated whether the APLN-APJ axis regulates ductular reaction and liver fibrosis during cholestasis. APPROACH AND RESULTS We measured the expression of APLN and APJ and serum APLN levels in human primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) samples. Following bile duct ligation (BDL) or sham surgery, male wild-type (WT) mice were treated with ML221 (APJ antagonist) or saline for 1 week. WT and APLN-/- mice underwent BDL or sham surgery for 1 week. Multidrug resistance gene 2 knockout (Mdr2-/- ) mice were treated with ML221 for 1 week. APLN levels were measured in serum and cholangiocyte supernatants, and cholangiocyte proliferation/senescence and liver inflammation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis were measured in liver tissues. The regulatory mechanisms of APLN-APJ in (1) biliary damage and liver fibrosis were examined in human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HIBEpiCs) treated with APLN and (2) hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation in APLN-treated human HSC lines (HHSteCs). APLN serum levels and biliary expression of APLN and APJ increased in PSC samples. APLN levels were higher in serum and cholangiocyte supernatants from BDL and Mdr2-/- mice. ML221 treatment or APLN-/- reduced BDL-induced and Mdr2-/- -induced cholangiocyte proliferation/senescence, liver inflammation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. In vitro, APLN induced HIBEpiC proliferation, increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (Nox4) expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Pretreatment of HIBEpiCs with ML221, diphenyleneiodonium chloride (Nox4 inhibitor), N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, ROS inhibitor), or PD98059 (ERK inhibitor) reduced APLN-induced cholangiocyte proliferation. Activation of HHSteCs was induced by APLN but reduced by NAC. CONCLUSIONS The APLN-APJ axis induces cholangiocyte proliferation through Nox4/ROS/ERK-dependent signaling and HSC activation through intracellular ROS. Modulation of the APLN-APJ axis may be important for managing cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Chen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine; Bryan, TX,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine; Bryan, TX
| | - Tori White
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine; Bryan, TX
| | - April O’Brien
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine; Bryan, TX
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine; Bryan, TX
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Romil Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Heather Francis
- Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine; Bryan, TX
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Growth Factors Assessed during Kasai Procedure in Liver and Serum Are Not Predictive for the Postoperative Liver Deterioration in Infants with Biliary Atresia. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091978. [PMID: 34062967 PMCID: PMC8124311 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is a neonatal cholangiopathy characterized by progressive destruction of the biliary system resulting in liver cirrhosis. Residual bile drainage can temporarily be achieved through Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) and some children show long-term survival with their native liver. However, most children eventually require liver transplantation (LTX). As several growth factors (GF) and chemokines have been shown to promote fibrogenesis in the liver, we assessed whether GF are predictive for the course of disease. Material and Methods: Liver and sera samples were collected from 49 infants with BA during KPE. Levels of 13 different GF were measured by multiplex immunoassay. Patient outcomes were stratified into favorable (bilirubin < 20 µmol/L at 2-year follow-up) and unfavorable (LTX). GF levels were compared between groups by a t-test, correlation coefficients were calculated, and principal component analyses performed. Results: Twenty-two patients showed a favorable and 27 an unfavorable disease course. No relation of GF and outcome could be established. In both groups, high levels of SDF-1alpha/CXCL12 (1473.0 ± 497.5 pg/mL), FGF2 (301.2 ± 207.8 pg/mL), and VEGF-a (209.0 ± 146.4 pg/mL) levels were measured within the liver, followed (in descending order) by PDGF-bb, LIF, GM-CSF, BDNF, VEGF-d, beta-NGF, IL-7, SCF, PIGF-1, and EGF. Serum marker levels showed much higher mean variation compared to hepatic values and no correlation to the protein microenvironment in the liver. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates high amounts of GF in livers from infants with BA at KPE, but no correlation to the outcome or serum values could be established. Our data suggest that local or systemic GF levels are unsuitable for prediction of the disease course. Collectively, we conclude that in BA the degree of proliferative activity caused by GF is a dismissible factor for the further course of disease.
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Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Inactivation in NASH-Fibrosis-Roles as Putative Treatment Targets? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040365. [PMID: 33807461 PMCID: PMC8066583 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the primary predictor of mortality in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this process, the activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) constitute the principal cells responsible for the deposition of a fibrous extracellular matrix, thereby driving the hepatic scarring. HSC activation, migration, and proliferation are controlled by a complex signaling network involving growth factors, lipotoxicity, inflammation, and cellular stress. Conversely, the clearance of activated HSCs is a prerequisite for the resolution of the extracellular fibrosis. Hence, pathways regulating the fate of the HSCs may represent attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of NASH-associated hepatic fibrosis. However, the development of anti-fibrotic drugs for NASH patients has not yet resulted in clinically approved therapeutics, underscoring the complex biology and challenges involved when targeting the intricate cellular signaling mechanisms. This narrative review investigated the mechanisms of activation and inactivation of HSCs with a focus on NASH-associated hepatic fibrosis. Presenting an updated overview, this review highlights key cellular pathways with potential value for the development of future treatment modalities.
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38
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Discovery of small molecule positive allosteric modulators of the secretin receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:114451. [PMID: 33545115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The secretin receptor (SCTR) is a prototypic Class B1 G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that represents a key target for the development of therapeutics for the treatment of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and metabolic disorders. However, no non-peptidic molecules targeting this receptor have yet been disclosed. Using a high-throughput screening campaign directed at SCTR to identify small molecule modulators, we have identified three structurally related scaffolds positively modulating SCTRs. Here we outline a comprehensive study comprising a structure-activity series based on commercially available analogs of the three hit scaffold sets A (2-sulfonyl pyrimidines), B (2-mercapto pyrimidines) and C (2-amino pyrimidines), which revealed determinants of activity, cooperativity and specificity. Structural optimization of original hits resulted in analog B2, which substantially enhances signaling of truncated secretin peptides and prolongs residence time of labeled secretin up to 13-fold in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that investigated compounds display structural similarity to positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) active at the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), and we were able to confirm cross-recognition of that receptor by a subset of analogs. Studies using SCTR and GLP-1R mutants revealed that scaffold A, but not B and C, likely acts via two distinct mechanisms, one of which constitutes covalent modification of Cys-347GLP-1R known from GLP-1R-selective modulators. The scaffolds identified in this study might not only serve as novel pharmacologic tools to decipher SCTR- or GLP-1R-specific signaling pathways, but also as structural leads to elucidate allosteric binding sites facilitating the future development of orally available therapeutic approaches targeting these receptors.
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39
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Pang Q, Jin H, Wang Y, Dai M, Liu S, Tan Y, Liu H, Lu Z. Depletion of serotonin relieves concanavalin A-induced liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2021; 340:123-132. [PMID: 33429011 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin exerts important functions in several liver pathophysiological processes. In this study, we investigated the role of serotonin in concanavalin A (Con A)-induced liver fibrosis (LF) in mice and the underlying mechanisms. To establish the mouse model of LF, mice of wild-type (WT) and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1) knockout (serotonin depletion) received Con A for 8 successive weeks. Degree of fibrosis was assessed by Sirius red staining, as well as the measurements of alpha smooth muscle actin (α- SMA), hydroxyproline (Hyp) and type I collagen in liver tissues. To elucidate the potential mechanisms, we assessed the effect of serotonin depletion on inflammatory, oxidative stress as well as TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. We found that serotonin depletion significantly inhibited collagen deposition as evaluated by less collagenous fiber in Sirus Red staining and reduced contents of Hyp and type I collagen. In addition, the absence of serotonin significantly inhibited the release of several inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Oxidative stress was also largely mitigated in LF mice with serotonin deficiency as manifested by the decreases of oxidative stress markers (malonaldehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)), as well as the increases of antioxidant stress indicators (glutathione (GSH), and GSH-px, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)) in liver tissues. Moreover, the lack of serotonin may provide an antifibrotic role by inhibiting the intrahepatic expressions of TGF-β1, phosphorylated-smad2 (p-smad2), and phosphorylated-smad3 (p-smad3). These results indicated that, serotonin depletion attenuates Con A-induced LF through the regulation of inflammatory response, oxidative stress injury, and TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Pang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui Province, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui Province, China
| | - Mengnan Dai
- Clinical Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui Province, China
| | - Shuangchi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui Province, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui Province, China.
| | - Huichun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui Province, China.
| | - Zheng Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui Province, China.
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40
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Dengler DG, Sun Q, Holleran J, Pollari S, Beutel J, Brown BT, Shinoki Iwaya A, Ardecky R, Harikumar KG, Miller LJ, Sergienko EA. Development of a Testing Funnel for Identification of Small-Molecule Modulators Targeting Secretin Receptors. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2021; 26:1-16. [PMID: 32749201 PMCID: PMC8278649 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220945284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The secretin receptor (SCTR), a prototypical class B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), exerts its effects mainly by activating Gαs proteins upon binding of its endogenous peptide ligand secretin. SCTRs can be found in a variety of tissues and organs across species, including the pancreas, stomach, liver, heart, lung, colon, kidney, and brain. Beyond that, modulation of SCTR-mediated signaling has therapeutic potential for the treatment of multiple diseases, such as heart failure, obesity, and diabetes. However, no ligands other than secretin and its peptide analogs have been described to regulate SCTRs, probably due to inherent challenges in family B GPCR drug discovery. Here we report creation of a testing funnel that allowed targeted detection of SCTR small-molecule activators. Pursuing the strategy to identify positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), we established a unique primary screening assay employing a mixture of three orthosteric stimulators that was compared in a screening campaign testing 12,000 small-molecule compounds. Beyond that, we developed a comprehensive set of secondary assays, such as a radiolabel-free target engagement assay and a NanoBiT (NanoLuc Binary Technology)-based approach to detect β-arrestin-2 recruitment, all feasible in a high-throughput environment as well as capable of profiling ligands and hits regarding their effect on binding and receptor function. This combination of methods enabled the discovery of five promising scaffolds, four of which have been validated and further characterized with respect to their allosteric activities. We propose that our results may serve as starting points for developing the first in vivo active small molecules targeting SCTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela G. Dengler
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Qing Sun
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John Holleran
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sirkku Pollari
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jannis Beutel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chemikum, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Brock T. Brown
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aki Shinoki Iwaya
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert Ardecky
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kaleeckal G. Harikumar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Laurence J. Miller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Eduard A. Sergienko
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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41
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Wu N, Baiocchi L, Zhou T, Kennedy L, Ceci L, Meng F, Sato K, Wu C, Ekser B, Kyritsi K, Kundu D, Chen L, Meadows V, Franchitto A, Alvaro D, Onori P, Gaudio E, Lenci I, Francis H, Glaser S, Alpinis G. Functional Role of the Secretin/Secretin Receptor Signaling During Cholestatic Liver Injury. Hepatology 2020; 72:2219-2227. [PMID: 32737904 PMCID: PMC8957864 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal peptide, secretin (Sct) is an important homeostatic regulator of pancreatic and liver secretory function. With regard to the liver, discoveries have been made, in the last decades, indicating a key role for the secretin/secretin receptor axis during normal or cholestatic conditions. Since large cholangiocytes are the only cells to express secretin receptor in the liver, research on secretin also expanded our knowledge on biliary epithelia. In this review we examined in detail the role of the secretin/secretin receptor axis, not only on biliary secretion, but also on cholangiocyte proliferation and senescence, as well as in prompting fibrotic processes involving biliary epithelia. Relevant data on human chronic cholestatic liver diseases, such as primary biliary cholangitis or primary sclerosing cholangitis, and obtained in animal models mimicking the diseases or in correlative studies on human are also reported. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the progress regarding the interactions between secretin and the biliary epithelia in normal and pathological conditions, underlining the aspects that suggests modulation of secretin pathway as a possible therapeutic approach for chronic cholestatic human liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Leonardo Baiocchi
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lixian Chen
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Vik Meadows
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lenci
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Heather Francis
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX
| | - Gianfranco Alpinis
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
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Kundu D, Kennedy L, Meadows V, Baiocchi L, Alpini G, Francis H. The Dynamic Interplay Between Mast Cells, Aging/Cellular Senescence, and Liver Disease. Gene Expr 2020; 20:77-88. [PMID: 32727636 PMCID: PMC7650013 DOI: 10.3727/105221620x15960509906371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are key players in acute immune responses that are evidenced by degranulation leading to a heightened allergic response. Activation of mast cells can trigger a number of different pathways contributing to metabolic conditions and disease progression. Aging results in irreversible physiological changes affecting all organs, including the liver. The liver undergoes senescence, changes in protein expression, and cell signaling phenotypes during aging, which regulate disease progression. Cellular senescence contributes to the age-related changes. Unsurprisingly, mast cells also undergo age-related changes in number, localization, and activation throughout their lifetime, which adversely affects the etiology and progression of many physiological conditions including liver diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of mast cells during aging, including features of aging (e.g., senescence) in the context of biliary diseases such as primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjyoti Kundu
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vik Meadows
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leonardo Baiocchi
- †Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- ‡Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- *Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- ‡Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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43
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Kyritsi K, Francis H, Zhou T, Ceci L, Wu N, Yang Z, Meng F, Chen L, Baiocchi L, Kundu D, Kennedy L, Liangpunsakul S, Wu C, Glaser S, Alpini G. Downregulation of p16 Decreases Biliary Damage and Liver Fibrosis in the Mdr2 / Mouse Model of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Gene Expr 2020; 20:89-103. [PMID: 32393417 PMCID: PMC7650011 DOI: 10.3727/105221620x15889714507961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biliary senescence and hepatic fibrosis are hallmarks of cholangiopathies including primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Senescent cholangiocytes display senescence-associated secretory phenotypes [SASPs, e.g., transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-1)] that further increase biliary senescence (by an autocrine loop) and trigger liver fibrosis by paracrine mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of p16 inhibition and role of the TGF-1/microRNA (miR)-34a/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) axis in biliary damage and liver fibrosis in the Mdr2/ mouse model of PSC. We treated (i) in vivo male wild-type (WT) and Mdr2/ mice with p16 Vivo-Morpholino or controls before measuring biliary mass [intrahepatic bile duct mass (IBDM)] and senescence, biliary SASP levels, and liver fibrosis, and (ii) in vitro intrahepatic murine cholangiocyte lines (IMCLs) with small interfering RNA against p16 before measuring the mRNA expression of proliferation, senescence, and fibrosis markers. p16 and miR-34a increased but SIRT1 decreased in Mdr2/ mice and PSC human liver samples compared to controls. p16 immunoreactivity and biliary senescence and SASP levels increased in Mdr2/ mice but decreased in Mdr2/ mice treated with p16 Vivo-Morpholino. The increase in IBDM and hepatic fibrosis (observed in Mdr2/ mice) returned to normal values in Mdr2/ mice treated with p16 Vivo-Morpholino. TGF-1 immunoreactivity and biliary SASPs levels were higher in Mdr2/ compared to those of WT mice but returned to normal values in Mdr2/ mice treated with p16 Vivo-Morpholino. The expression of fibrosis/senescence markers decreased in cholangiocytes from Mdr2/ mice treated with p16 Vivo-Morpholino (compared to Mdr2/ mice) and in IMCLs (after p16 silencing) compared to controls. Modulation of the TGF-1/miR-34a/SIRT1 axis may be important in the management of PSC phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Francis
- *Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- †Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- ‡Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- *Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nan Wu
- *Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zhihong Yang
- †Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- *Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- †Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lixian Chen
- *Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leonardo Baiocchi
- §Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”Rome, Italy
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- †Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- †Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- *Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- †Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- ¶Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- ‡Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- *Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- †Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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44
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Ceci L, Francis H, Zhou T, Giang T, Yang Z, Meng F, Wu N, Kennedy L, Kyritsi K, Meadows V, Wu C, Liangpunsakul S, Franchitto A, Sybenga A, Ekser B, Mancinelli R, Onori P, Gaudio E, Glaser S, Alpini G. Knockout of the Tachykinin Receptor 1 in the Mdr2 -/- (Abcb4 -/-) Mouse Model of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Reduces Biliary Damage and Liver Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2251-2266. [PMID: 32712019 PMCID: PMC7592721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the substance P (SP)/neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) axis triggers biliary damage/senescence and liver fibrosis in bile duct ligated and Mdr2-/- (alias Abcb4-/-) mice through enhanced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) biliary secretion. Recent evidence indicates a role for miR-31 (MIR31) in TGF-β1-induced liver fibrosis. We aimed to define the role of the SP/NK1R/TGF-β1/miR-31 axis in regulating biliary proliferation and liver fibrosis during cholestasis. Thus, we generated a novel model with double knockout of Mdr2-/- and NK1R-/ (alias Tacr1-/-) to further address the role of the SP/NK1R axis during chronic cholestasis. In vivo studies were performed in the following 12-week-old male mice: (i) NK1R-/-; (ii) Mdr2-/-; and (iii) NK1R-/-/Mdr2-/- (Tacr1-/-/Abcb4-/-) and their corresponding wild-type controls. Liver tissues and cholangiocytes were collected, and liver damage, changes in biliary mass/senescence, and inflammation as well as liver fibrosis were evaluated by both immunohistochemistry in liver sections and real-time PCR. miR-31 expression was measured by real-time PCR in isolated cholangiocytes. Decreased ductular reaction, liver fibrosis, biliary senescence, and biliary inflammation were observed in NK1R-/-/Mdr2-/- mice compared with Mdr2-/- mice. Elevated expression of miR-31 was observed in Mdr2-/- mice, which was reduced in NK1R-/-/Mdr2-/- mice. Targeting the SP/NK1R and/or miR-31 may be a potential approach in treating human cholangiopathies, including primary sclerosing cholangitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas
| | - Thao Giang
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Nan Wu
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Vik Meadows
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Amelia Sybenga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Yang X, Meng Y, Han Z, Ye F, Wei L, Zong C. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for liver disease: full of chances and challenges. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:123. [PMID: 33117520 PMCID: PMC7590738 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a major health problem that endangers human health worldwide. Currently, whole organ allograft transplantation is the gold standard for the treatment of end-stage liver disease. A shortage of suitable organs, high costs and surgical complications limit the application of liver transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy has been considered as a promising alternative approach for end-stage liver disease. Some clinical trials have confirmed the effectiveness of MSC therapy for liver disease, but its application has not been promoted and approved. There are still many issues that should be solved prior to using MSC therapy in clinical applications. The types of liver disease that are most suitable for MSC application should be determined, and the preparation and engraftment of MSCs should be standardized. These may be bottlenecks that limit the use of MSCs. We investigated 22 completed and several ongoing clinical trials to discuss these questions from a clinical perspective. We also discussed the important mechanisms by which MSCs play a therapeutic role in liver disease. Finally, we also proposed novel prospective approaches that can improve the therapeutic effect of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yan Meng
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Zhipeng Han
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Fei Ye
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Chen Zong
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
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46
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McMillin M, Grant S, Frampton G, Petrescu AD, Williams E, Jefferson B, DeMorrow S. The TGFβ1 Receptor Antagonist GW788388 Reduces JNK Activation and Protects Against Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2020; 170:549-561. [PMID: 31132129 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure is a serious consequence of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxic liver injury with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) is elevated during liver injury and influences hepatocyte senescence during APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. This study investigated TGFβ1 signaling in the context of inflammation, necrotic cell death, and oxidative stress during APAP-induced liver injury. Male C57Bl/6 mice were injected with 600 mg/kg APAP to generate liver injury in the presence or absence of the TGFβ receptor 1 inhibitor, GW788388, 1 h prior to APAP administration. Acetaminophen-induced liver injury was characterized using histological and biochemical measures. Transforming growth factor beta 1 expression and signal transduction were assessed using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and ELISA assays. Hepatic necrosis, liver injury, cell proliferation, hepatic inflammation, and oxidative stress were assessed in all mice. Acetaminophen administration significantly induced necrosis and elevated serum transaminases compared with control mice. Transforming growth factor beta 1 staining was observed in and around areas of necrosis with phosphorylation of SMAD3 observed in hepatocytes neighboring necrotic areas in APAP-treated mice. Pretreatment with GW788388 prior to APAP administration in mice reduced hepatocyte cell death and stimulated regeneration. Phosphorylation of SMAD3 was reduced in APAP mice pretreated with GW788388 and this correlated with reduced hepatic cytokine production and oxidative stress. These results support that TGFβ1 signaling plays a significant role in APAP-induced liver injury by influencing necrotic cell death, inflammation, oxidative stress, and hepatocyte regeneration. In conclusion, targeting TGFβ1 or downstream signaling may be a possible therapeutic target for the management of APAP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew McMillin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712.,Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Austin, Texas, 78712.,Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, 76504
| | - Stephanie Grant
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Austin, Texas, 78712.,Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, 76504.,Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Gabriel Frampton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712.,Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Austin, Texas, 78712.,Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, 76504
| | - Anca D Petrescu
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Austin, Texas, 78712.,Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, 76504.,Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Elaina Williams
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Austin, Texas, 78712.,Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, 76504.,Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Brandi Jefferson
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Austin, Texas, 78712.,Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, 76504
| | - Sharon DeMorrow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712.,Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Austin, Texas, 78712.,Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, 76504.,Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
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47
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Di Sotto A, Di Giacomo S, Rubini E, Macone A, Gulli M, Mammola CL, Eufemi M, Mancinelli R, Mazzanti G. Modulation of STAT3 Signaling, Cell Redox Defenses and Cell Cycle Checkpoints by β-Caryophyllene in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells: Possible Mechanisms Accounting for Doxorubicin Chemosensitization and Chemoprevention. Cells 2020; 9:E858. [PMID: 32252311 PMCID: PMC7226839 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive group of biliary tract cancers, characterized by late diagnosis, low effective chemotherapies, multidrug resistance, and poor outcomes. In the attempt to identify new therapeutic strategies for CCA, we studied the antiproliferative activity of a combination between doxorubicin and the natural sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene in cholangiocarcinoma Mz-ChA-1 cells and nonmalignant H69 cholangiocytes, under both long-term and metronomic schedules. The modulation of STAT3 signaling, oxidative stress, DNA damage response, cell cycle progression and apoptosis was investigated as possible mechanisms of action. β-caryophyllene was able to synergize the cytotoxicity of low dose doxorubicin in Mz-ChA-1 cells, while producing cytoprotective effects in H69 cholangiocytes, mainly after a long-term exposure of 24 h. The mechanistic analysis highlighted that the sesquiterpene induced a cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase along with the doxorubicin-induced accumulation in S phase, reduced the γH2AX and GSH levels without affecting GSSG. ROS amount was partly lowered by the combination in Mz-ChA-1 cells, while increased in H69 cells. A lowered expression of doxorubicin-induced STAT3 activation was found in the presence of β-caryophyllene in both cancer and normal cholangiocytes. These networking effects resulted in an increased apoptosis rate in Mz-ChA-1 cells, despite a lowering in H69 cholangiocytes. This evidence highlighted a possible role of STAT3 as a final effector of a complex network regulated by β-caryophyllene, which leads to an enhanced doxorubicin-sensitivity of cholangiocarcinoma cells and a lowered chemotherapy toxicity in nonmalignant cholangiocytes, thus strengthening the interest for this natural sesquiterpene as a dual-acting chemosensitizing and chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Rubini
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.)
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.)
| | - Marco Gulli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.G.); (G.M.)
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.)
| | - Caterina Loredana Mammola
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.L.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.)
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.L.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Gabriela Mazzanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.G.); (G.M.)
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Matyas C, Erdelyi K, Trojnar E, Zhao S, Varga ZV, Paloczi J, Mukhopadhyay P, Nemeth BT, Haskó G, Cinar R, Rodrigues RM, Ahmed YA, Gao B, Pacher P. Interplay of Liver-Heart Inflammatory Axis and Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Signaling in an Experimental Model of Hepatic Cardiomyopathy. Hepatology 2020; 71:1391-1407. [PMID: 31469200 PMCID: PMC7048661 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatic cardiomyopathy, a special type of heart failure, develops in up to 50% of patients with cirrhosis and is a major determinant of survival. However, there is no reliable model of hepatic cardiomyopathy in mice. We aimed to characterize the detailed hemodynamics of mice with bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis, by monitoring echocardiography and intracardiac pressure-volume relationships and myocardial structural alterations. Treatment of mice with a selective cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB2 -R) agonist, known to attenuate inflammation and fibrosis, was used to explore the impact of liver inflammation and fibrosis on cardiac function. APPROACH AND RESULTS BDL induced massive inflammation (increased leukocyte infiltration, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines), oxidative stress, microvascular dysfunction, and fibrosis in the liver. These pathological changes were accompanied by impaired diastolic, systolic, and macrovascular functions; cardiac inflammation (increased macrophage inflammatory protein 1, interleukin-1, P-selectin, cluster of differentiation 45-positive cells); and oxidative stress (increased malondialdehyde, 3-nitrotyrosine, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases). CB2 -R up-regulation was observed in both livers and hearts of mice exposed to BDL. CB2 -R activation markedly improved hepatic inflammation, impaired microcirculation, and fibrosis. CB2 -R activation also decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and improved cardiac dysfunction, myocardial inflammation, and oxidative stress, underlining the importance of inflammatory mediators in the pathology of hepatic cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSIONS We propose BDL-induced cardiomyopathy in mice as a model for hepatic/cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. This cardiomyopathy, similar to cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in humans, is characterized by systemic hypotension and impaired macrovascular and microvascular function accompanied by both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Our results indicate that the liver-heart inflammatory axis has a pivotal pathophysiological role in the development of hepatic cardiomyopathy. Thus, controlling liver and/or myocardial inflammation (e.g., with selective CB2 -R agonists) may delay or prevent the development of cardiomyopathy in severe liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Matyas
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katalin Erdelyi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eszter Trojnar
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suxian Zhao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zoltan V. Varga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA,ZVV’s present affiliation: HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos Paloczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Balazs T. Nemeth
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robim M. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
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49
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Kyritsi K, Chen L, O’Brien A, Francis H, Hein TW, Venter J, Wu N, Ceci L, Zhou T, Zawieja D, Gashev AA, Meng F, Invernizzi P, Fabris L, Wu C, Skill NJ, Saxena R, Liangpunsakul S, Alpini G, Glaser SS. Modulation of the Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1/Monoamine Oxidase-A/5-Hydroxytryptamine/5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2A/2B/2C Axis Regulates Biliary Proliferation and Liver Fibrosis During Cholestasis. Hepatology 2020; 71:990-1008. [PMID: 31344280 PMCID: PMC6993623 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Serotonin (5HT) is a neuroendocrine hormone synthetized in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1) and monoamine oxidase (MAO-A) are the key enzymes for the synthesis and catabolism of 5HT, respectively. Previous studies demonstrated that 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5HTR)1A/1B receptor agonists inhibit biliary hyperplasia in bile-duct ligated (BDL) rats, whereas 5HTR2B receptor antagonists attenuate liver fibrosis (LF) in mice. Our aim was to evaluate the role of 5HTR2A/2B/2C agonists/antagonists in cholestatic models. APPROACH AND RESULTS While in vivo studies were performed in BDL rats and the multidrug resistance gene 2 knockout (Mdr2-/- ) mouse model of PSC, in vitro studies were performed in cell lines of cholangiocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). 5HTR2A/2B/2C and MAO-A/TPH1 are expressed in cholangiocytes and HSCs from BDL rats and Mdr2-/- - mice. Ductular reaction, LF, as well as the mRNA expression of proinflammatory genes increased in normal, BDL rats, and Mdr2-/- - mice following treatment 5HTR2A/2B/2C agonists, but decreased when BDL rats and Mdr2-/- mice were treated with 5HTR2A/2B/2C antagonists compared to BDL rats and Mdr2-/- mice, respectively. 5HT levels increase in Mdr2-/- mice and in PSC human patients compared to their controls and decrease in serum of Mdr2-/- mice treated with 5HTR2A/2B/2C antagonists compared to untreated Mdr2-/- mice. In vitro, cell lines of murine cholangiocytes and human HSCs express 5HTR2A/2B/2C and MAO-A/TPH1; treatment of these cell lines with 5HTR2A/2B/2C antagonists or TPH1 inhibitor decreased 5HT levels as well as expression of fibrosis and inflammation genes compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of the TPH1/MAO-A/5HT/5HTR2A/2B/2C axis may represent a therapeutic approach for management of cholangiopathies, including PSC.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/physiology
- Animals
- Bile Ducts/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/etiology
- Cholestasis/pathology
- Humans
- Liver Cirrhosis/etiology
- Male
- Mice
- Monoamine Oxidase/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/physiology
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/physiology
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/physiology
- Receptors, Serotonin/physiology
- Serotonin/blood
- Serotonin/physiology
- Tryptophan Hydroxylase/physiology
- ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lixian Chen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - April O’Brien
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Travis W. Hein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Julie Venter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - David Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Anatoliy A. Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (MI), Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Digestive Disease Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Nicholas J. Skill
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Romil Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Shannon S. Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
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50
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Sato K, Francis H, Zhou T, Meng F, Kennedy L, Ekser B, Baiocchi L, Onori P, Mancinelli R, Gaudio E, Franchitto A, Glaser S, Alpini G. Neuroendocrine Changes in Cholangiocarcinoma Growth. Cells 2020; 9:E436. [PMID: 32069926 PMCID: PMC7072848 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive malignancy that emerges from the biliary tree. There are three major classes of CCA-intrahepatic, hilar (perihilar), or distal (extrahepatic)-according to the location of tumor development. Although CCA tumors are mainly derived from biliary epithelia (i.e., cholangiocytes), CCA can be originated from other cells, such as hepatic progenitor cells and hepatocytes. This heterogeneity of CCA may be responsible for poor survival rates of patients, limited effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and the lack of treatment options and novel therapies. Previous studies have identified a number of neuroendocrine mediators, such as hormones, neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters, as well as corresponding receptors. The mediator/receptor signaling pathways play a vital role in cholangiocyte proliferation, as well as CCA progression and metastases. Agonists or antagonists for candidate pathways may lead to the development of novel therapies for CCA patients. However, effects of mediators may differ between healthy or cancerous cholangiocytes, or between different subtypes of receptors. This review summarizes current understandings of neuroendocrine mediators and their functional roles in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisaku Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Leonardo Baiocchi
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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