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Tramonti F, Ferrante B, Palmer H. A consulting room with a view: Psychotherapy and the ecological context. J Eval Clin Pract 2024; 30:1113-1122. [PMID: 38818691 DOI: 10.1111/jep.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The field of psychotherapy is witnessing a lively debate today. The literature on the efficacy of psychological interventions has grown exponentially, but the assumptions of the prevailing research paradigms have been criticised from many points of view. One of the main concerns is that of a too often simplistic conception of psychotherapy, viewed as a set of specific methods for the treatment of point-like problems or symptoms. LITERATURE REVIEW ON MENTAL HEALTH AND THE ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT Instead, emerging perspectives are trying to promote a more complex view on psychotherapy, as a process based on the therapeutic potential of relationships, which takes place in relevant social and cultural contexts. Even the ecological context is taken in greater consideration, as growing evidence exists about the detrimental effects of ecological threats-such as climate change and other environmental challenges-on mental health. CONCLUSIONS Psychotherapists and psychotherapy associations are now paying due attention to such issues, as well as to social justice and other dimensions that no longer can be thought of as mere elements of the scenario in which psychotherapy is practiced. Rather they are dimensions that exert a strong influence on psychological well-being, and thus must be properly acknowledged and assessed to connect clinical work with the communities and ecological contexts in which people live.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benedetta Ferrante
- Istituto di Psicoterapia Relazionale, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology of the Italian National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Hugh Palmer
- School of Psychology and Social Work, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Ren Y, Maselko J, Tan X, Olshan AF, Stover AM, Bennett AV, Reeder-Hayes KE, Edwards JK, Reeve BB, Troester MA, Emerson MA. Emotional and functional well-being in long-term breast cancer survivorship. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:1191-1200. [PMID: 38642278 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-024-01877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Emotional and functional well-being (EWB and FWB) are important components of mental health and quality of life. This study aims to evaluate long-term EWB and FWB in breast cancer (BC) survivors. METHODS The Carolina Breast Cancer Study Phase 3 oversampled Black and younger (< 50 years in age) women so that they each represent approximately 50% of the study population and assessed participants' EWB and FWB with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) at 5- (baseline), 25-, and 84-months post diagnosis. Multinomial logit models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and well-being change relative to baseline. RESULTS Among 2,781 participants with BC, average EWB and FWB improved with time since diagnosis. Persistent FWB decrements were associated with Black race [OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.7) and 1.3 (95% CI 1.1-1.6), at 25-months and 84-months respectively], older age [OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.7) and 1.5 (95% CI 1.2-1.8), respectively], no chemotherapy, and recurrence [OR 2.9 (95% CI 1.8-4.8) and 3.1 (95% CI 2.1-4.6), respectively]. EWB decrements were associated with advanced stage and recurrence. Decrements in combined (FWB+EWB) well-being were associated with recurrence at both follow-up survey timepoints [ORs 4.7 (95% CI 2.7-8.0) and 4.3 (95% CI 2.8-6.6), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS Long-term well-being varies by demographics and clinical features, with Black women and women with aggressive disease at greatest risk of long-term decrements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Ren
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joanna Maselko
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xianming Tan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Angela M Stover
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Antonia V Bennett
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katherine E Reeder-Hayes
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessie K Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Bryce B Reeve
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Marc A Emerson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Koh GK, Ow Yong JQY, Lee ARYB, Ong BSY, Yau CE, Ho CSH, Goh YS. Social media use and its impact on adults' mental health and well-being: A scoping review. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2024; 21:345-394. [PMID: 38736207 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media use has grown in importance and prevalence, with its estimated number of users at 4.9 billion worldwide. Social media use research has revealed positive and negative impacts on users' mental health and well-being. However, such impacts among adults have not been examined in any reviews. METHODS A scoping review was conducted based on the framework by Arksey and O'Malley and reported based on the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Eight databases were searched from 2005 to December 2021. Articles were included after being reviewed by three independent teams, with discrepancies resolved through consensus with the senior author. Publication-related information (i.e., authors, year of publication, aims, study population, methodology, interventions, comparisons, outcome measures and key findings) were extracted from each study. Thematic analysis was conducted to answer the research questions. RESULTS Among the 114 eligible articles, young adults (69.6%) represented the main age group. Most studies (78.6%) focused on the negative impacts of social media use on mental health and well-being, with nearly a third (32.1%) assessing such impacts on depression. Notably, this scoping review found that more than three-quarters (78.6%) of the included studies revealed that excessive and passive social media use would increases depression, anxiety, mood and loneliness. Nevertheless, a third (33.0%) also reported positive impacts, where positive and purposeful use of social media contributes to improvements in mental health and well-being, such as increased perceived social support and enjoyment. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION This review has provided an overview of the existing knowledge on how social media use affects adults and identified areas of research that merit investigation in future studies. More attention should be given to maximizing the positive impacts of social media use on mental health and well-being among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghee Kian Koh
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Jenna Qing Yun Ow Yong
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | - Bernard Soon Yang Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Chun En Yau
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Cyrus Su Hui Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Yong Shian Goh
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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Bhugra D, Liebrenz M, Ventriglio A, Ng R, Javed A, Kar A, Chumakov E, Moura H, Tolentino E, Gupta S, Ruiz R, Okasha T, Chisolm MS, Castaldelli-Maia J, Torales J, Smith A. World Psychiatric Association-Asian Journal of Psychiatry Commission on Public Mental Health. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 98:104105. [PMID: 38861790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Although there is considerable evidence showing that the prevention of mental illnesses and adverse outcomes and mental health promotion can help people lead better and more functional lives, public mental health remains overlooked in the broader contexts of psychiatry and public health. Likewise, in undergraduate and postgraduate medical curricula, prevention and mental health promotion have often been ignored. However, there has been a recent increase in interest in public mental health, including an emphasis on the prevention of psychiatric disorders and improving individual and community wellbeing to support life trajectories, from childhood through to adulthood and into older age. These lifespan approaches have significant potential to reduce the onset of mental illnesses and the related burdens for the individual and communities, as well as mitigating social, economic, and political costs. Informed by principles of social justice and respect for human rights, this may be especially important for addressing salient problems in communities with distinct vulnerabilities, where prominent disadvantages and barriers for care delivery exist. Therefore, this Commission aims to address these topics, providing a narrative overview of relevant literature and suggesting ways forward. Additionally, proposals for improving mental health and preventing mental illnesses and adverse outcomes are presented, particularly amongst at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bhugra
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings College, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Liebrenz
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Ng
- World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Anindya Kar
- Advanced Neuropsychiatry Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Egor Chumakov
- Department of Psychiatry & Addiction, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Susham Gupta
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roxanna Ruiz
- University of Francisco Moaroquin, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Smith
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Lundqvist C, Schary DP, Jacobsson J, Korhonen L, Timpka T. Aligning categories of mental health conditions with intervention types in high-performance sports: A narrative cornerstone review and classification framework. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:525-531. [PMID: 38796375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that psychiatric disorders are as prevalent amongst high-performance athletes as in general populations, challenging the myth of invulnerability. Despite efforts of sport organisations to highlight the significance of athletes' mental health, it is still many times tough to combine the sport performance ethos with a discourse on mental health. This narrative cornerstone review examines challenges related to definitions and classifications of athlete mental health in high-performance sports and how these influence assessments and the implementation of interventions. We discuss challenges with concept creep and psychiatrisation and outline their consequences for sport healthcare professionals. Based on this, we present a framework that aligns different categories of athlete mental health conditions (from the reduction of wellbeing to psychiatric disorders) with intervention types (from the provision of supporting environments to pharmacotherapy). We conclude that researchers and sport practitioners need to carefully consider conceptual creep and the risk of pathologising normal and healthy, albeit emotionally aversive, reactions to athlete lifeworld events when assessing athlete mental health. A clear separation of terminology denoting the athlete's resources to handle the lifeworld (including salutogenic factors) and terms describing psychiatric conditions and their management is necessary to avoid misguidance in intervention planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lundqvist
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Sweden; Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Sweden.
| | - David P Schary
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Performance, Winthrop University, USA. https://twitter.com/DrDavidSchary
| | - Jenny Jacobsson
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Laura Korhonen
- Barnafrid and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health, Linköping University, Sweden; Regional Executive Office, Region Östergötland, Sweden
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Corbett L, Van Buskirk J, Phongsavan P, Bauman A. A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study of Australians' Health: Are There Differences in Health-Related Behaviors and Psychological Distress Between Teachers and Other Occupations? THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2024. [PMID: 39014560 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teachers' health behaviors and mental well-being are important for their chronic disease risk and reducing burnout. This study investigates the health-related behaviors and psychological distress of Australian teachers compared with other occupations. METHODS Data from the nationally representative Australian National Health Survey (NHS) were analyzed. Employed adults (20-64 years) from 2014/2015 (n = 8455), 2017/2018 (n = 9130), and 2020/2021 (n = 5753) survey waves were included. Logistic regression, adjusted for demographics, compared health-related behaviors (eg, physical activity, diet), and psychological distress among teachers, nonteacher professionals (NTPs; eg, accountants, doctors), and other general occupations (eg, laborers, beauticians). RESULTS After adjusting for demographics and survey wave, teachers had similar odds as NTPs for meeting physical activity (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.90-1.41), vegetable intake (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.52-1.00), and alcohol consumption (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.83-1.22) guidelines. However, teachers exhibited higher psychological distress (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.01-1.75). Elevated psychological distress levels were observed in all groups in 2020/2021, compared with pre-COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Compared with NTPs, teachers showed similar or better health-related behaviors, although teachers had higher levels of psychological distress. School executives and policymakers need to implement sustainable measures to prioritise teachers' mental wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Corbett
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joe Van Buskirk
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Public Health Research Analytics and Methods for Evidence, Public Health Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Andra O, Manea A, Nirestean A, Niculescu R, Elena-Gabriela S. Breast Cancer and Its Impact on Individual Personality Through a Dimensional Perspective: A Literature Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e64348. [PMID: 38993624 PMCID: PMC11239186 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric pathology stands out in contemporary society not only as independent but also through its association with other medical comorbidities such as neoplastic diseases. Specialized literature confirms over time the coexistence of these diseases. There is a tendency to develop various psychiatric manifestations such as mood disorders and somatoform disorders, as well as decompensation of underlying existing psychiatric pathologies (anxiety disorders and psychotic disorders) or personality disorders (a good example is the exacerbation of anxiety in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder). Breast cancer, like any disabling disease, affects the person's psyche and behaviors as a whole. It is scientifically proven that mental balance influences the quality of life of patients and also the evolution and prognosis of the disease, psychological processes being able to modulate the activity of the tumor process. It is necessary to expand clinical practice and research beyond the simple evaluation of symptoms, and the goal of treatment should not only be to reduce symptoms but also to improve in terms of both physically and mentally the quality of life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oltean Andra
- Department of Psychiatry, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, ROU
| | - Andrei Manea
- Department of Radiology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, ROU
| | - Aurel Nirestean
- Department of Psychiatry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, ROU
| | - Raluca Niculescu
- Department of Pathophysiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, ROU
| | - Strete Elena-Gabriela
- Department of Psychiatry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, ROU
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Ayyashi N, Alshowkan A, Shdaifat E. Exploring the relationship between psychosocial factors, work engagement, and mental health: a structural equation modeling analysis among faculty in Saudi Arabia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1676. [PMID: 38914969 PMCID: PMC11197356 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial hazards in the workplace were identified as a considerable risk to employee mental health as well as their general well-being. Few studies were found to examine its relationship with work engagement and mental health. Thus, this study examines the relationships between psychosocial factors, work engagement, and mental health within the faculty in Saudi Arabia using structural equation modeling. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 375 faculty. Data collection was done using a self-administered online survey that included instruments such as the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). SmartPLS 3 software facilitated data analysis and included the assessment of factors. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the interplay between psychosocial factors, work engagement, and mental health. RESULTS The robust measurement model was characterized by high loadings (0.719 to 0.970), Cronbach's alpha (0.595 to 0.933), and composite reliability (0.807 to 0.968). Convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed using AVE and various criteria. The fit of the saturated model was superior. Burnout explained significant variance (0.585) with predictive relevance for all constructs. Notably, the impact of burnout on family conflict and the influence of stress on burnout were found to have significant effect sizes. CONCLUSION The study uses structural equation modeling to examine the relationships between psychosocial factors, work engagement, and mental health among faculty in Saudi Arabia. The robust measurement model demonstrated high reliability and validity, while the saturated model demonstrated excellent fit. These findings contribute to our understanding of psychosocial dynamics, work engagement, and overall health among faculty in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Ayyashi
- Master of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Alshowkan
- Community Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Emad Shdaifat
- Community Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Zábó V, Erát D, Vargha A, Vincze Á, Harangozó J, Iváncsics M, Farkas J, Balogh G, Pongrácz F, Bognár J, Nagy E, Gonda X, Purebl G. Mental health competencies are stronger determinants of well-being than mental disorder symptoms in both psychiatric and non-clinical samples. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12943. [PMID: 38839972 PMCID: PMC11153550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether the strength of mental health competencies and the severity of mental disorder symptoms, and their interaction, differ in the strength of their associations with several dimensions of well-being in Hungarian adult psychiatric and non-clinical samples. All respondent in the psychiatric sample (129 patients (44 male, 85 female)) and in the non-clinical community sample (253 adults (43 male, 210 female)) completed the Mental Health Test, six measures of well-being and mental health, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Including both mental health competencies and mental disorder symptoms in a regression model in both samples can predict patients' well-being even more accurately. Mental health competencies were positively related; mental disorder symptoms were negatively related to subjective well-being. In all models and in both samples, mental health competencies were found to be stronger determinants of well-being than mental disorder symptoms. The interaction of mental health competencies and mental disorder symptoms is no more predictive of well-being in either psychiatric or non-clinical samples than when the effects of each are considered separately. The assessment of mental health competencies has an important predictive value for well-being in the presence of psychopathological symptoms and/or mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virág Zábó
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Erát
- Department of Sociology, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - András Vargha
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Person- and Family-Oriented Health Science Research Group, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Vincze
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Harangozó
- Community Psychiatry Centre, Semmelweis University - Awakenings Foundation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Iváncsics
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Farkas
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Balogh
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fanni Pongrácz
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Bognár
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Nagy
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - György Purebl
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Shinkre R, Mukherji I, Bharadwaj A, Suresh NV, Banik AD, Pednekar SJ, K SB, Eshwar S, Rajagopal P. Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Pain Severity in Patients With Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e62694. [PMID: 39036205 PMCID: PMC11259517 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic oral ulcerative condition with an elusive etiology that is associated with excruciating pain. Psychological factors have been suspected as a possible risk factor in its onset and development. Depression, anxiety, and stress play pivotal roles in how people experience pain. Hence, we aimed to explore the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress, and the severity of pain perceived due to recurrent ulcers in RAS patients. Materials and methods A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on 248 patients, comprising 124 diagnosed with RAS and 124 healthy subjects without this oral condition. Patients from both of these groups were matched with regard to age and sex and recruited over a period of one year from a dental hospital in Bengaluru, India. Patients with any other oral lesions, painful oral conditions, or systemic and psychological illnesses were excluded. Depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed in these patients using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21). Utilizing a Visual Analog Scale, ulcer-related pain was assessed in patients with RAS. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test and Pearson's correlation test in IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0 (released 2019, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results The chi-square analysis showed that participants with RAS showed a statistically significant higher prevalence of extreme stress (n = 39, 31.5%), extreme anxiety (n = 82, 66.1%), and depression (n = 38, 30.6%) as opposed to those without this oral condition. A moderately positive correlation was observed in the Pearson's test between the severity of pain experienced and stress and anxiety (r = 0.65 and 0.60, respectively, p < 0.05), while a mild positive correlation was observed between the severity of pain and depression (r = 0.35, p < 0.05). Conclusion Depression, anxiety, and stress influenced the severity of pain in these lesions, dictating the need for a holistic approach that integrates psychological interventions in the management of such chronic oral conditions with psychological links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Shinkre
- Central Research, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Ishan Mukherji
- Public Health Dentistry, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, IND
| | - Aarya Bharadwaj
- Public Health Dentistry, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Nikhil V Suresh
- Public Health Dentistry, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Ankita Dutta Banik
- Dentistry/Oral Medicine and Radiology, Karkinos Healthcare Private Limited/Medella-Karkinos Oncology Institute, Kolkata, IND
| | | | - Srivastava B K
- Public Health Dentistry, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Shruthi Eshwar
- Public Health Dentistry, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Parimala Rajagopal
- Public Health Dentistry, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Bengaluru, IND
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Harris M, Best S, de Silva MG, Finlay K. "It's fundamental to the work that we do": Genetic counselors' perceptions of their role in clients' mental well-being. J Genet Couns 2024; 33:528-538. [PMID: 37462276 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
The role of a genetic counselor is to assist individuals and their families to comprehend and adapt to genetic information. However, a genetic counselor's role in clients' mental well-being is unclear. Mental well-being is an important component of overall health and it can be affected during the adaptation to genetic information. It is, therefore, essential to consider how mental well-being is viewed in genetic counseling practice. Our research aimed to investigate genetic counselors' perceptions of their role in clients' mental well-being. Our objectives were to (1) understand what genetic counselors perceived their role to be in clients' mental well-being and (2) investigate what factors influence genetic counselors' perceptions of practice. We recruited participants via advertisements in the Human Genetics Society of Australasia and the Australasian Society of Genetic Counselors newsletters, and through the Genetic Support Network of Victoria social media. We completed semi-structured in-depth interviews with 12 Australian genetic counselors and analyzed the interviews using inductive thematic analysis. We found that genetic counselors viewed clients' mental well-being as an important and crucial part of their practice. Three key themes were identified, first, all the participants' views of clients' mental well-being were shaped by personal and professional beliefs. Second, all participants noted that there were factors external to them, such as workplace and professional guidelines, which shaped their role in clients' mental well-being. Third, all those interviewed noted the boundaries of their professional role in clients' mental well-being. From these three themes, we determined that genetic counselors see clients' mental well-being as an integral part of their practice. Our findings add to the extant literature and can shape future practice in this field. Furthermore, we identified how future research priorities could further our knowledge in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Harris
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Best
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre Alliance, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle G de Silva
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keri Finlay
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Barret N, Guillaumée T, Rimmelé T, Cortet M, Mazza S, Duclos A, Rode G, Lilot M, Schlatter S. Associations of coping and health-related behaviors with medical students' well-being and performance during objective structured clinical examination. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11298. [PMID: 38760478 PMCID: PMC11101410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a valid method to evaluate medical students' competencies. The present cross-sectional study aimed at determining how students' coping and health-related behaviors are associated with their psychological well-being and performance on the day of the OSCE. Fourth-year medical students answered a set of standardized questionnaires assessing their coping (BCI) and health-related behaviors before the examination (sleep PSQI, physical activity GPAQ). Immediately before the OSCE, they reported their level of instant psychological well-being on multi-dimensional visual analogue scales. OSCE performance was assessed by examiners blinded to the study. Associations were explored using multivariable linear regression models. A total of 482 students were included. Instant psychological well-being was positively associated with the level of positive thinking and of physical activity. It was negatively associated with the level of avoidance and of sleep disturbance. Furthermore, performance was negatively associated with the level of avoidance. Positive thinking, good sleep quality, and higher level of physical activity were all associated with improved well-being before the OSCE. Conversely, avoidance coping behaviors seem to be detrimental to both well-being and OSCE performance. The recommendation is to pay special attention to students who engage in avoidance and to consider implementing stress management programs.Clinical trial: The study protocol was registered on clinicaltrial.gov NCT05393206, date of registration: 11 June 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Barret
- Lyon Est School of Medicine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Théodore Guillaumée
- Lyon Est School of Medicine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Rimmelé
- Lyon Est School of Medicine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- High Fidelity Medical Simulation Center (SIMULYON), Lyon, France
| | - Marion Cortet
- Lyon Est School of Medicine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- High Fidelity Medical Simulation Center (SIMULYON), Lyon, France
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Croix Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphanie Mazza
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), CRNL-U1028, UMR-5292, FORGETTING Team, CNRS, INSERM, Université Lyon 1, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Antoine Duclos
- Lyon Est School of Medicine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Research on Healthcare Performance RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, France
- Department of Health Data, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Rode
- Lyon Est School of Medicine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, TRAJECTOIRES, F-69500, Bron, France
| | - Marc Lilot
- High Fidelity Medical Simulation Center (SIMULYON), Lyon, France
- Research on Healthcare Performance RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, France
- Unit of Pediatric and Congenital Cardio-thoracic Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Schlatter
- Lyon Est School of Medicine, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
- High Fidelity Medical Simulation Center (SIMULYON), Lyon, France.
- Research on Healthcare Performance RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, France.
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13
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Koenig J, McLean KJ, Bishop L. Psychological distress and mental health diagnoses in adults by disability and functional difficulty status: Findings from the 2021 national health interview survey. Disabil Health J 2024:101641. [PMID: 38816306 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that disabled people have worse mental health than non-disabled people, but the degree to which disability contributes to mental health is unclear. OBJECTIVE This paper uses 2021 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to estimate the association between disability and depression and anxiety diagnoses as well as psychological distress among adults. METHODS We calculated disability population prevalence and mental health diagnoses and associated symptoms among 28,534 NHIS respondents. Logistic regressions estimated the odds of depression or anxiety diagnoses and recent psychological distress, controlling for disability and mental health diagnoses. We measured disability using binary and continuum measures of functional disability with the Washington Group Short Set on Functioning. RESULTS Disabled people have significantly greater odds of both depression and anxiety diagnoses compared to non-disabled people. Those with high functional disability have 552 % greater odds of an anxiety diagnosis (95 % CI: 5.61-7.58; p < 0.01) and 697 % greater odds of a depression diagnosis (95 % CI: 6.97-9.12; p < 0.01) compared to those with no functional disability. Similarly, those with any level of functional disability are more likely to have elevated psychological distress in the past 30 days compared to those with no functional disability. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the idea that mental health is worse for disabled people compared to non-disabled people, with increasing functional disability associated with worse mental health. This suggests that mental health is not being adequately addressed for those with the greatest functional disability. Future work should seek to better understand the systemic causes of disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Koenig
- Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1350 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Waisman Center, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Kiley J McLean
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, 3020 Market St #560, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lauren Bishop
- Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1350 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Waisman Center, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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14
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Osman L, Whitley J. Parent perceptions of social well-being in children with special educational needs during COVID-19: A mixed-methods analysis. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13256. [PMID: 38600787 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's educational experiences worldwide have been significantly impacted as a result of global school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic of Spring 2020. A growing number of studies aim to analyse impacts of these changes on social well-being, with limited studies placing an emphasis on the experiences of students with special educational needs (SENs). This article focusses on parent perspectives regarding impacts of school closures on social well-being in Canadian children with SEN. METHODS This study uses a mixed-methods approach, drawing from both qualitative and quantitative survey data from Spring/Summer 2020. Participants (n = 263) were eligible for participation if they were a parent/guardian of a child or adolescent with an SEN. We first conducted a descriptive analysis of the key variables, namely, social well-being, grade level of the child, internet and device availability, and the presence of other school-aged children in the home (single child vs. multiple children). Next, we explored the relationship between these using a bivariate correlation. Finally, open-ended responses were analysed using an inductive approach to qualitative thematic analysis. RESULTS The majority of parents expressed concern for their child's social well-being during the Spring 2020 school closures, with increased concerns for younger children. According to parents, children experienced communication barriers to peer interaction and many experienced emotional difficulties as a result. Technology was described as critical for some in maintaining social connections. Parents raised concerns about the impact of limited peer interaction on broader social skill development, in the short and long term. A small number of participants noted feelings of relief and reduced anxiety among their children with SEN. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight parent views of the negative impact of the pandemic on social well-being and the critical role in-person schooling plays in supporting peer relationships for children with SEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Osman
- Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jess Whitley
- Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Sayed AA, El-Gendy AA, Aljohani AK, Haddad RA, Taher OH, Senan AM, Qashqari AM, Alqelaiti BA. The Effects of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents: A Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e56473. [PMID: 38638779 PMCID: PMC11025694 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has profoundly affected global health and well-being. As part of the Coronaviridae family, SARS-CoV-2 joins a diverse group of viruses found in both humans and various animal species, including bats, camels, and cats. The pandemic has led to widespread social isolation, reduced physical activity, and significant lifestyle changes, posing potential risks to individuals' mental and emotional health. This review aims to explore the implications of COVID-19 on the mental health of children and adolescents, given the limited attention this population has received in the medical literature. Multiple research studies in several countries have found that the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with greater stress levels, depression, anxiety, insomnia, drug misuse, and other mental health challenges among young individuals. Understanding the long-term effects of the pandemic on mental health is crucial for developing effective interventions and support systems to promote resilience and well-being in children and adolescents. Even after the pandemic ends, it is crucial to prioritize understanding the long-term impacts of the pandemic on mental health, integrating findings into public health strategies, addressing mental healthcare disparities, and fostering resilience in children and adolescents. Achieving these objectives requires collaborative efforts across various sectors to ensure equitable access to mental health resources and the implementation of sustainable solutions for the well-being of young people in the aftermath of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar A Sayed
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, GBR
- College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, SAU
| | | | | | | | - Odai H Taher
- College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, SAU
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16
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Beerten SG, De Pauw R, Van Pottelbergh G, Casas L, Vaes B. Assessing mental health from registry data: What is the best proxy? Int J Med Inform 2024; 183:105340. [PMID: 38244479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medical registries frequently underestimate the prevalence of health problems compared with surveys. This study aimed to determine the registry variables that can serve as a proxy for variables studied in a mental health survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prevalences of depressive symptoms, anxiety and psychoactive medication use from the 2018 Belgian Health Interview Survey (HIS) were compared with same-year prevalences from INTEGO, a Belgian primary care registry. Participants aged 15 and above were included. We assessed correlation using Spearman's rho (SR), and agreement using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We also calculated the limits of agreement (LOAs) for each comparison. HIS questions about depressive symptoms, anxiety and psychoactive medication use were compared with the following variables from INTEGO: symptom codes, diagnosis codes, free text, antidepressant/benzodiazepine prescriptions and the combinations symptom + diagnosis codes and symptom + diagnosis codes + free text, wherever relevant. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Correlation between the HIS and INTEGO was generally high, except for anxiety. Agreement ranged from fair to poor, but increased when combining certain variables, by including free text, or by increasing the prescription frequency to resemble chronic use. Agreement remained poor when comparing questions about anxiety. Prevalences from INTEGO were mostly underestimates. CONCLUSION The external validity of medical registries can be poor, especially compared with survey data. A considerate choice of variables and prescription chronicity is needed to accurately use a registry as a surveillance tool for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lidia Casas
- Social Epidemiology and Health Policy, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert Vaes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Malaeb D, Hallit S, Obeid S. Does mindfulness moderate the association between impulsivity and well-being in Lebanese university students? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1397-1409. [PMID: 37211811 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2212595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Limited evidence showed that impulsivity is negatively related to life satisfaction and wellbeing; however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. We aimed through this work to investigate the relationship between impulsivity dimensions and well-being and to explore the moderator role of mindfulness on this relationship in a sample of Lebanese university students. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 363 university students recruited through convenience sampling through several universities in Lebanon's governorates. Higher mindfulness was significantly associated with better wellbeing in the models that considered urgency and sensation seeking as independent variables. A lack of premeditation and a lack of perseverance were both inversely associated with well-being. The interaction lack of perseverance by mindfulness was significantly associated with wellbeing; for students who were low in mindfulness, more lack of perseverance was significantly associated with a lower wellbeing. Our study suggested that mindfulness practice may offer a promising avenue for implementing strategies aiming at improving the well-being of students with high levels of impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, Manouba City, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
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18
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Mulondo M, Ndlovu S, Ndirangu J, Tsoka-Gwegweni J. Mental health impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers versus adults in Africa. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2024; 16:e1-e6. [PMID: 38426784 PMCID: PMC10913132 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v16i1.4175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review mapped the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) and the adult general population in Africa. AIM The study focussed on anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide cases to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of the selected population. METHOD A scoping review was conducted on relevant database and search engines. The search resulted in 143 studies. Five studies met the inclusion criteria for synthesis. RESULTS Results indicated anxiety was more prevalent among HCWs as opposed to the adult general population, which was in the rise of suicide cases. Among HCWs, mental health was negatively impacted by the loss of their infected patients and concerns over infecting family members. The adult general population was impacted because of isolation and their fear of contracting the virus. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic led to the increase of mental health issues among HCWs as evidenced by a high prevalence of anxiety compared to that of the adult general population. There was, however, a rise in depression and suicide cases among the adult general population.Contribution: This study will assist in adding more knowledge to build a robust and responsive strategy to mental health problems during and post-pandemics like COVID-19. Strategies that have appeared effective in combatting the impact of COVID-19 on mental health include support packages established for frontline HCWs such as social media online chat groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutshidzi Mulondo
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein.
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19
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Zábó V, Erát D, Gonda X, Harangozó J, Iváncsics M, Vincze Á, Farkas J, Balogh G, Oláh A, Kéri S, Purebl G, Vargha A. Preliminary validation of the Mental Health Test in a psychiatric sample. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4023. [PMID: 38369582 PMCID: PMC10874926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To assist psychiatrists and clinical psychologists to assess their patients' psychological immune competence-based capacities and resources, depending on the mental health disorder diagnosis and the severity of the symptoms, the present study examined the psychometric properties of the Mental Health Test in a psychiatric sample. The research was carried out in four Hungarian healthcare facilities using a cross-sectional design. A total of 331 patients (140 male, 188 female, and 3 who preferred not to disclose their gender) completed the Mental Health Test, six well-being and mental health measures, and the Symptom Checklist-90. Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists reported the mental disorder status of each participant. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of the five-factor model to the data for the clinical version of the Mental Health Test (CFI = 0.972, RMSEA = 0.034). High internal consistency coefficients (α: 0.70-0.84; ω: 0.71-0.85) and excellent external and content validity were reported. The test is not sensitive to sociodemographic indicators but is sensitive to the correlates of well-being and to the symptoms of different types of mental disorders. Our preliminary findings suggest that the Mental Health Test is a suitable measure for assessing mental health capacities and resources in psychiatric samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virág Zábó
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Erát
- Department of Sociology, Institute of Social and Media Studies, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Judit Harangozó
- Community Psychiatry Centre, Semmelweis University - Awakenings Foundation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Iváncsics
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Vincze
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Farkas
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Balogh
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Kéri
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Purebl
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Vargha
- Person- and Family-Oriented Health Science Research Group, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
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20
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Reyes-Lizaola S, Luna-Zarate U, Tendilla-Beltrán H, Morales-Medina JC, Flores G. Structural and biochemical alterations in dendritic spines as key mechanisms for severe mental illnesses. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110876. [PMID: 37863171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Severe mental illnesses (SMI) collectively affect approximately 20% of the global population, as estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite having diverse etiologies, clinical symptoms, and pharmacotherapies, these diseases share a common pathophysiological characteristic: the misconnection of brain areas involved in reality perception, executive control, and cognition, including the corticolimbic system. Dendritic spines play a crucial role in excitatory neurotransmission within the central nervous system. These small structures exhibit remarkable plasticity, regulated by factors such as neurotransmitter tone, neurotrophic factors, and innate immunity-related molecules, and other mechanisms - all of which are associated with the pathophysiology of SMI. However, studying dendritic spine mechanisms in both healthy and pathological conditions in patients is fraught with technical limitations. This is where animal models related to these diseases become indispensable. They have played a pivotal role in elucidating the significance of dendritic spines in SMI. In this review, the information regarding the potential role of dendritic spines in SMI was summarized, drawing from clinical and animal model reports. Also, the implications of targeting dendritic spine-related molecules for SMI treatment were explored. Specifically, our focus is on major depressive disorder and the neurodevelopmental disorders schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Abundant clinical and basic research has studied the functional and structural plasticity of dendritic spines in these diseases, along with potential pharmacological targets that modulate the dynamics of these structures. These targets may be associated with the clinical efficacy of the pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reyes-Lizaola
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Licenciatura en Medicina, Universidad Popular del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ulises Luna-Zarate
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Licenciatura en Medicina, Universidad de las Américas Puebla (UDLAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Julio César Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico.
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21
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Hoffmann S, Schulze S, Löffler A, Becker J, Hufert F, Gremmels HD, Holmberg C, Rapp MA, Entringer S, Spallek J. Did the prevalence of depressive symptoms change during the COVID-19 pandemic? A multilevel analysis on longitudinal data from healthcare workers. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:87-98. [PMID: 37671660 PMCID: PMC10860357 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231196737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HCW) are at high risk to develop mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic because of additional work load, perceived stress, and exposure to patients with COVID-19. Currently, there are few studies on change over time in the prevalence of depressive symptoms during pandemic start among HCW. Thus, the aims of the current study were to examine whether depressive symptoms increased during the pandemic and were associated with perceived stress and own COVID-19 infection and workplace exposure to virus-infected patients. METHODS The cohort study used longitudinal data from HCW collected monthly (July 2020 till December 2020) during the first year of the pandemic before vaccination became available. The sample of n = 166 was drawn from a German hospital and included medical (e.g. nurses, therapists, and physicians) and administrative staff. Using multilevel models, we analyzed the change in depressive symptoms [assessed with General Depression Scale (GDS), a validated German version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)] and its association with perceived stress across the study period. Laboratory-confirmed own infection was tested as a potential moderator in this context. Subscales of the GDS were used to examine change over time of depressive symptom modalities (e.g. emotional, somatic, and social interactions (β, 95% confidence interval). RESULTS Depression scores increased significantly during the study period (β = .03, 95% CI [0.02, 0.05]). Perceived stress was associated with depressive symptoms (β = .12, 95% CI [0.10, 0.14]) but did not change over time. Exposure to COVID-19 infection was associated with a higher increase of depressive symptoms (β = .12, 95% CI [0.10, .14]). Somatic symptoms of depression increased among medical HCW with workplace exposure to COVID-19 (β = .25, 95% CI [0.13, 0.38]), but not in administrators (β = .03, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.11]). CONCLUSION Research is needed to identify factors that promote the reduction of depressive symptoms in medical HCW with exposition to COVID-19 patients. Awareness of infection protection measures should be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hoffmann
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
- Lausitz Center for Digital Public Health, Institute of Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Schulze
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Joint Faculty of the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg and Brandenburg Medical School, Germany
- Social and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Intra-faculty unit ‘Cognitive Sciences’, Faculty of Human Science, University of Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Germany
| | - Antje Löffler
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Becker
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Diagnostics and Microbiology, Sana Kliniken Niederlausitz gGmbH, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Frank Hufert
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Medical University Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Heinz-Detlef Gremmels
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Diagnostics and Microbiology, Sana Kliniken Niederlausitz gGmbH, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Christine Holmberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Joint Faculty of the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg and Brandenburg Medical School, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Germany
| | - Michael A Rapp
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Joint Faculty of the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg and Brandenburg Medical School, Germany
- Social and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Intra-faculty unit ‘Cognitive Sciences’, Faculty of Human Science, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, and Development, Health and Disease Research Program University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Jacob Spallek
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
- Lausitz Center for Digital Public Health, Institute of Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Joint Faculty of the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg and Brandenburg Medical School, Germany
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Galderisi S. The need for a consensual definition of mental health. World Psychiatry 2024; 23:52-53. [PMID: 38214632 PMCID: PMC10785984 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
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Giosa JL, Kalles E, McAiney C, Oelke ND, Aubrecht K, McNeil H, Habib-Perez O, Holyoke P. Co-designing action-oriented mental health conversations between care providers and ageing Canadians in the community: a participatory mixed-methods study protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079653. [PMID: 38296303 PMCID: PMC10831463 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mental health of ageing Canadians is a growing concern, particularly post-pandemic. Older adults face systemic ageism and mental health stigma as pervasive barriers to seeking needed mental health support, care and treatment within health and social care systems. These barriers are exacerbated when service providers focus on physical healthcare needs or lack the skills and confidence to talk about and/or address mental health during routine visits. This study aims to co-design and test an evidence-based approach to mental health conversations at the point-of-care in home and community settings with older adults, family and friend caregivers and health and social care providers that could facilitate help-seeking activities and care access. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A participatory mixed-methods study design will be applied, guided by a Working Group of experts-by-experience (n=30). Phase 1 engages ageing Canadians in four online workshops (n=60) and a national survey (n=1000) to adapt an evidence-based visual model of mental health for use with older adults in home and community care. Phase 2 includes six co-design workshops with community providers (n=90) in rural and urban sites across three Canadian provinces to co-design tools, resources and processes for enabling the use of the adapted model as a conversation guide. Phase 3 involves pilot and feasibility testing the co-designed conversations with older adult clients of providers from Phase 2 (n=180). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Phases 1 and 2 of this study have received ethics clearance at the University of Waterloo (ORE #44187), University of British Columbia (#H22-02306) and St. Francis Xavier University (#26075). While an overview of Phase 3 is included, details will rely on Phase 2 outcomes. Knowledge mobilisation activities will include peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, webinars, newsletters, infographics and policy briefs. Interested audiences may include community organisations, policy and decision-makers and health and social care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine L Giosa
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- SE Research Centre, Saint Elizabeth Health Care, Markham, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kalles
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- SE Research Centre, Saint Elizabeth Health Care, Markham, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carrie McAiney
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nelly D Oelke
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
- Rural Coordination Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katie Aubrecht
- Department of Sociology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Heather McNeil
- SE Research Centre, Saint Elizabeth Health Care, Markham, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olinda Habib-Perez
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Holyoke
- SE Research Centre, Saint Elizabeth Health Care, Markham, Ontario, Canada
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Uzzell KS, Knight CJ, Pankow K, Hill DM. Wellbeing in high-performance swimming: A grounded theory study. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 70:102557. [PMID: 37944742 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The demands of elite sport have the potential to negatively impact on athletes' wellbeing (e.g., Arnold & Fletcher, 2012; Rice et al., 2016). Despite this, not all elite athletes experience detrimental effects, rather some individuals thrive in an elite sports environment. The reasons why some athletes experience positive wellbeing while others struggle remains unclear although, in part, due to methodological limitations of previous research. To overcome these limitations, the purpose of the current study was to examine how change in high-performance swimmers' wellbeing occurs. Grounded theory methodology was used to enable examination of processes of change. Semi-structured interviews with 22 current and five retired swimmers, eight coaches, and seven support staff were used to generate data alongside observations and field notes. The resultant theory illustrated how a dominant performance narrative influenced the development and maintenance of an exclusive swimmer identity that was tied to performance. Specifically, transitions were highlighted as critical points where wellbeing was likely to be affected, due to the increased potential for change and uncertainty to impact on performance and subsequently identity. However, the use of proactive coping strategies, such as anticipating and planning, as well as accessing and utilising appropriate support were shown to help minimise the impact on wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S Uzzell
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, UK
| | - Camilla J Knight
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, UK; Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Norway.
| | - Kurtis Pankow
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, UK
| | - Denise M Hill
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, UK
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Tousignant-Laflamme Y, Houle C, Longtin C, Desmarais N, Gérard T, Perreault K, Lagueux E, Tétreault P, Blanchette MA, Beaudry H, Décary S. Establishing the prognostic profile of patients with work-related musculoskeletal disorders: Development and acceptability of the MAPS questionnaire. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 29:e2053. [PMID: 37804536 DOI: 10.1002/pri.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD) are the most common causes of disability worldwide and are associated with significant use of healthcare. One way to optimize the clinical outcomes of injured workers receiving rehabilitation is to identify and address individual prognostic factors (PF), which can facilitate the personalization of the treatment plan. As there is no pragmatic and systematic method to collect prognostic-related data, the purpose of the study was to develop and assess the acceptability of a set of questionnaires to establish the "prognostic profile" of workers with WRMD. METHODS We utilized a multistep process to inform the acceptability of the Measures Associated to PrognoStic (MAPS) questionnaire. During STEP-1, a preliminary version of the was developed through a literature search followed by an expert consensus including a patient-advisor. During STEP-2, future users (rehabilitation professionals, healthcare administrators and compensation officers) were consulted through an online survey and were asked to rate the relevance of each content item; items that obtained ≥80% of "totally agree" answers were included. They were also asked to prioritize PF according to their usefulness for clinical decision-making, as well as perceived efficacy to enhance the treatment plan. RESULTS The questionnaire was developed with three categories: the outcome predicted, the unique PF, and prognostic tools. Personal PF (i.e.: coping strategies, fear-avoidance beliefs), pain related PF (i.e.: pain intensity/severity, duration of pain), and work-related PF (i.e.: work physical demands, work accommodations) were identified to be totally relevant and included in the questionnaire. 84% of the respondents agreed that their patients could complete the MAPS questionnaire in their clinical setting, while 75% totally agreed that the questionnaire is useful to personalize rehabilitation interventions. CONCLUSION The MAPS questionnaire was deemed acceptable to establish the "prognostic profile" of injured workers and help the clinicians in the treatment decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Tousignant-Laflamme
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Clinical Research of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Houle
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Clinical Research of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Longtin
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Clinical Research of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Desmarais
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Clinical Research of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas Gérard
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Clinical Research of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kadija Perreault
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Québec, Canada
| | - Emilie Lagueux
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Clinical Research of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pascal Tétreault
- Clinical Research of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc-André Blanchette
- Department of Chiropractic, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hélène Beaudry
- Quebec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Décary
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Clinical Research of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Gautam S, Jain A, Chaudhary J, Gautam M, Gaur M, Grover S. Concept of mental health and mental well-being, it's determinants and coping strategies. Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:S231-S244. [PMID: 38445271 PMCID: PMC10911315 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_707_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Gautam
- Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry (NAMS) and Director, Gautam Hospital and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India E-mail:
| | - Akhilesh Jain
- Professor and Head, ESIC Model Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Manaswi Gautam
- Director and Consultant Psychiatrist, Gautam Hospital and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manisha Gaur
- Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Gaur Mental Health Clinic and Advanced Deaddiction and Counselling Center, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Bransfield RC, Mao C, Greenberg R. Microbes and Mental Illness: Past, Present, and Future. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 12:83. [PMID: 38200989 PMCID: PMC10779437 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A review of the association between microbes and mental illness is performed, including the history, relevant definitions, infectious agents associated with mental illnesses, complex interactive infections, total load theory, pathophysiology, psychoimmunology, psychoneuroimmunology, clinical presentations, early-life infections, clinical assessment, and treatment. Perspectives on the etiology of mental illness have evolved from demonic possession toward multisystem biologically based models that include gene expression, environmental triggers, immune mediators, and infectious diseases. Microbes are associated with a number of mental disorders, including autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders, as well as suicidality and aggressive or violent behaviors. Specific microbes that have been associated or potentially associated with at least one of these conditions include Aspergillus, Babesia, Bartonella, Borna disease virus, Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease), Candida, Chlamydia, coronaviruses (e.g., SARS-CoV-2), Cryptococcus neoformans, cytomegalovirus, enteroviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis C, herpes simplex virus, human endogenous retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus, human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, influenza viruses, measles virus, Mycoplasma, Plasmodium, rubella virus, Group A Streptococcus (PANDAS), Taenia solium, Toxoplasma gondii, Treponema pallidum (syphilis), Trypanosoma, and West Nile virus. Recognition of the microbe and mental illness association with the development of greater interdisciplinary research, education, and treatment options may prevent and reduce mental illness morbidity, disability, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Bransfield
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutey, NJ 07110, USA
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Tan R, Yang Y, Huang T, Lin X, Gao H. Parent-child attachment and mental health in young adolescents: a moderated mediation analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1298485. [PMID: 38187411 PMCID: PMC10768540 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1298485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The parent-child attachment has a significant impact on adolescents' mental health. However, the influence of psychological quality and coping styles on this connection remains unknown. This study examined the relationship between parent-child attachment and adolescent mental health, by exploring the mediating role of psychological quality and the moderating role of coping styles. Methods A total of 633 young adolescents participated in this study after signing informed consent. They anonymously completed questionnaires including the Parent and Peer Attachment Scale (Parent Attachment Section), the Coping Styles Inventory for Middle School Students, the Brief Version of the Psychological Quality Inventory for Middle School Students, and the Chinese Middle School Students'Psychological Quality Inventory. After controlling for gender, grade, left-behind category, only-child status, and family structure. Results The moderated mediation model yielded the following findings: (a) parent-child attachment significantly and positively predicted adolescents'mental health; (b) psychological quality partially mediated the relationship between parent-child attachment and adolescents' mental health; (c) the association between psychological quality and mental health was moderated by task-focused coping. Discussion This moderation effect was more substantial for students with low task-focused coping behaviors, which aligns with the "exclusionary hypothesis" model. Therefore, our results indicate that parent-child attachment indirectly impacts mental health, influenced by internal and external factors. These findings carry significant implications for safeguarding and promoting adolescents' mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tan
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Tao Huang
- Department of Preschool Education, Jiangmen Preschool Education College, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xuanxuan Lin
- Institute of Education Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Gao
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Yao ZF, Hsieh S, Yang MH. Exercise habits and mental health: Exploring the significance of multimodal imaging markers. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023; 286:179-209. [PMID: 38876575 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Engaging in regular physical activity and establishing exercise habits is known to have multifaceted benefits extending beyond physical health to cognitive and mental well-being. This study explores the intricate relationship between exercise habits, brain imaging markers, and mental health outcomes. While extensive evidence supports the positive impact of exercise on cognitive functions and mental health, recent advancements in multimodal imaging techniques provide a new dimension to this exploration. By using a cross-sectional multimodal brain-behavior statistic in participants with different exercise habits, we aim to unveil the intricate mechanisms underlying exercise's influence on cognition and mental health, including the status of depression, anxiety, and quality of life. This integration of exercise science and imaging promises to substantiate cognitive benefits on mental health and uncover functional and structural changes underpinning these effects. This study embarks on a journey to explore the significance of multimodal imaging metrics (i.e., structural and functional metrics) in deciphering the intricate interplay between exercise habits and mental health, enhancing the comprehension of how exercise profoundly shapes psychological well-being. Our analysis of group comparisons uncovered a strong association between regular exercise habits and improved mental well-being, encompassing factors such as depression, anxiety levels, and overall life satisfaction. Additionally, individuals who engaged in exercise displayed enhanced brain metrics across different modalities. These metrics encompassed greater gray matter volume within the left frontal regions and hippocampus, improved white matter integrity in the frontal-occipital fasciculus, as well as more robust functional network configurations in the anterior segments of the default mode network. The interplay between exercise habits, brain adaptations, and mental health outcomes underscores the pivotal role of an active lifestyle in nurturing a resilient and high-functioning brain, thus paving the way for tailored interventions and improved well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Fu Yao
- College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan; Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan; Basic Psychology Group, Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan; Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
| | - Shulan Hsieh
- Cognitive Electrophysiology Laboratory, Control, Aging, Sleep, and Emotion (CASE), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Heng Yang
- Cognitive Electrophysiology Laboratory, Control, Aging, Sleep, and Emotion (CASE), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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Palgi Y. Self and Perceived Others' Views of Aging and Their Association with Mental Health in the Second Half of Life. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2023; 97:479-495. [PMID: 36972464 DOI: 10.1177/00914150231157057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the concepts of subjective age and subjective nearness-to-death (views-of-aging) and examines the association between individuals' chronological age, self, and others' perceptions of these variables and mental health. A total of 267 participants aged 40-95 M = 64.33 provided sociodemographic information and filled out scales assessing self and others' views-of-aging, depressive symptoms, and their well-being. After controlling for covariates, age was not related to the dependent variables, whereas young/far from death self, and perceived others' views-of-aging was related to better mental health. The interaction between young age and young/far from death perceived others', but not self, views-of-aging was associated with lower depressive symptoms and higher well-being. Finally, the interaction between young/far from death self and perceived others' views-of-aging was associated with lower depressive symptoms but not with well-being. These findings provide an initial glance at the complex relations between two types of personal views-of-aging and emphasize the importance of how individuals appraise others' perceptions of their own aging process and life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Palgi
- Department of Gerontology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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31
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Lima Y, Rice S. Mental health symptoms and correlates among amateur football players: a cross-sectional study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1617-1628. [PMID: 35968854 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2112659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate mental health problems reported by Turkish amateur football players. A total of 4516 Turkish amateur football players were invited to complete an anonymous online survey including demographic and COVID-19 pandemic related questions, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disorder-7 scale, and Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire. A total of 1263 players participated in the study (27.9% response rate). Single players reported higher depression and anxiety scores than married players. Higher depression, anxiety, and athletes-specific stress scores were reported by players with an annual income <$5,000 and those reporting an income loss >75% during the COVID-19 pandemic. Players with a sports injury history, psychiatric illness, sleep problems, and perceived inadequate social and/or organizational support reported poorer indices relative to their counterparts. Implementation of mental health screening among amateur football players may assist in detecting vulnerabilities and initiating appropriate timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Lima
- Sports Medicine Department, Balıkesir Atatürk City Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Simon Rice
- Orygen, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Lameky VY. Mental Health & Addiction: An Integrated Care in Latin America
Mental Health & Addiction: An Integrated Care in Latin America
, by Orlando Scoppetta, Augusto Pérez, Juliana Mejía, Masood Zangeneh, Canada, CDS Press, 2023, 205 Pages, eBook, ISBN 978-1-7778018-3-0. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023:1-3. [DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2283869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
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Scrivano L, Tessari A, Marcora SM, Manners DN. Active mobility and mental health: A scoping review towards a healthier world. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 11:e1. [PMID: 38390252 PMCID: PMC10882204 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Research has proven that engaging in active mobility (AM), namely walking and cycling for transportation, significantly enhances physical activity levels, leading to better physical health. It is still unclear whether AM could also offer any mental health benefits. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge on the relationship between AM and mental health, given its crucial role in public health. The authors searched online databases to isolate primary studies written in English involving an adult sample (16 or over). AM was the exposure factor. Many mental health elements were included as outcomes (depression, anxiety, self-esteem, self-efficacy, stress, psychological and subjective well-being, resilience, loneliness and social support, quality of life, mood, life satisfaction and sleep). The results were organised in a narrative summary per each outcome selected, graphical syntheses and an overview of gaps to be further examined. The authors identified a total of 55 papers as relevant. The results show inconsistency in study designs, definition and operationalisation of the variables, approach and methodologies used. A cross-sectional design was the dominant choice, primarily examining data from national public health surveys. Nonetheless, there has been improvement in outcomes of interests, initially mainly the quality of life and affect. Lately, authors have focused on a broader range of mental health-related factors (such as travel satisfaction). The experimental studies showed promising mental health improvements in those who used active modes more than those who used motorised vehicles. It creates a rationale for further research towards implementing a unified theoretical and methodological framework to study the link between AM and mental health. The ultimate goal is to generate solid conclusions that could support building societies and cities through public health promotion and sustainable strategies, like walking and cycling as a means of transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Scrivano
- Department of Sciences for the Quality of Life, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Tessari
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Samuele M Marcora
- Department of Sciences for the Quality of Life, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David N Manners
- Department of Sciences for the Quality of Life, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Vitale E, Köse S, Chang YC. Editorial: Nursing perspectives in mental health and psychiatric disorders in all patients. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1264438. [PMID: 38054172 PMCID: PMC10694445 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1264438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Vitale
- Local Heath Authority (ASL) of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Selmin Köse
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Science, Biruni University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yun-Chen Chang
- School of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Nursing Department, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Behrendt P, Boettcher M, Zierke KT, Najem S, Zapf H, Reinshagen K, Wößmann W, Boettcher J. Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health of Children with Embryonal Abdominal Tumors. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1720. [PMID: 37892383 PMCID: PMC10605597 DOI: 10.3390/children10101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Embryonal abdominal tumors are one of the most common entities of solid childhood cancer. The present study investigates the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and the mental health of children to obtain a comprehensive picture of their health status and uncover a possible gap in healthcare. (2) Methods: The sample consisted of 54 children who were treated for embryonal abdominal tumors and a control group of 46 children who received uncomplicated outpatient surgery. The HRQoL and the mental health were assessed by the parent proxy reports of the questionnaires Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). (3) Results: Children with embryonal abdominal tumors showed significantly lower HRQoL and mental health values compared to the norm data. The index group showed lower values in the social subscales of HRQoL and mental health compared to the control group. (4) Conclusions: Embryonal abdominal tumors affect the well-being of children. There is still a gap in healthcare due to children's HRQoL and mental health, especially regarding social development. It is essential to further advance the psychological care of children and improve their chances to develop social relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Behrendt
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (M.B.); (S.N.); (K.R.)
| | - Michael Boettcher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (M.B.); (S.N.); (K.R.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzner-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kira Tabea Zierke
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (M.B.); (S.N.); (K.R.)
| | - Safiullah Najem
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (M.B.); (S.N.); (K.R.)
| | - Holger Zapf
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (W.W.)
| | - Konrad Reinshagen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (M.B.); (S.N.); (K.R.)
| | - Wilhelm Wößmann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (W.W.)
| | - Johannes Boettcher
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Molero P, Reina G, Blom JD, Martínez-González MÁ, Reinken A, de Kloet ER, Molendijk ML. COVID-19 risk, course and outcome in people with mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e61. [PMID: 37859501 PMCID: PMC10594644 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS It has been suggested that people with mental disorders have an elevated risk to acquire severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and to be disproportionally affected by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) once infected. We aimed to analyse the COVID-19 infection rate, course and outcome, including mortality and long COVID, in people with anxiety, depressive, neurodevelopmental, schizophrenia spectrum and substance use disorders relative to control subjects without these disorders. METHODS This study constitutes a preregistered systematic review and random-effects frequentist and Bayesian meta-analyses. Major databases were searched up until 27 June 2023. RESULTS Eighty-one original articles were included reporting 304 cross-sectional and prospective effect size estimates (median n per effect-size = 114837) regarding associations of interest. Infection risk was not significantly increased for any mental disorder that we investigated relative to samples of people without these disorders. The course of COVID-19, however, is relatively severe, and long COVID and COVID-19-related hospitalization are more likely in all patient samples that we investigated. The odds of dying from COVID-19 were high in people with most types of mental disorders, except for those with anxiety and neurodevelopmental disorders relative to non-patient samples (pooled ORs range, 1.26-2.57). Bayesian analyses confirmed the findings from the frequentist approach and complemented them with estimates of the strength of evidence. CONCLUSIONS Once infected, people with pre-existing mental disorders are at an elevated risk for a severe COVID-19 course and outcome, including long COVID and mortality, relative to people without pre-existing mental disorders, despite an infection risk not significantly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Molero
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Reina
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jan Dirk Blom
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Outpatient Clinic for Uncommon Psychiatric Syndromes, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER-OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aischa Reinken
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E. Ronald de Kloet
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc L. Molendijk
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Ahluwalia M, Shillington KJ, Irwin JD. The relationship between resilience and mental health of undergraduate students: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37856363 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2252925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review was to examine what is known about the relationship between the resilience and mental health of undergraduate students enrolled in university or college programs, globally. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched, yielding a total of 1,498 articles that were screened independently by two researchers. Thirteen articles were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS The mental health of undergraduate students in the studies reviewed ranged from low to moderate. Undergraduate students also reported high, moderate, and low levels of resilience. Further, resilience was positively correlated with mental well-being. CONCLUSION Findings revealed that the mental health of undergraduate students was poor. Given the established relationship between students' mental health and resilience, evidence-based approaches aimed at strengthening students' resilience, such as providing opportunities for social support, are warranted in order to improve students' mental health. Additional research to rigorously assess this relationship in representative student populations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvir Ahluwalia
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katie J Shillington
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Irwin
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Iqbal RM, Binti Riza Effendi NI, Syed Alwi SS, Saidi HI, Sarchio SNE. Insomnia and depression levels among Malaysian undergraduate students in the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) during Movement Control Order (MCO). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283098. [PMID: 37816038 PMCID: PMC10564170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 has caused the implementation of the movement control order (MCO) which aimed to reduce the spread in Covid-19 infections. While some may find it easy to adjust to the new norm, others found it difficult to switch from their normal routines and habits as according to the MCO SOP. This resulted in a more frequent insomnia and depression that subsequently impacted their mental health. Insomnia and depression levels are examined in this study as they relate to the Covid-19 Pandemic and the MCO among Malaysian undergraduate health sciences students at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UPM. Random sampling methods were utilised with consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were the instrument packages used in this investigation. An internet platform was used to distribute the questionnaire. Based on the results, it is concluded that depression and insomnia are significantly correlated, with a p-value of 0.05. This study also revealed the link between the severity of insomnia and the severity of depression among UPM students studying health sciences. The percentage of students with depression and insomnia was rather high (54.9% and 33.9%, respectively), and this occurred during the second wave of Covid-19 cases in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Muhammad Iqbal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Ilyana Binti Riza Effendi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Sakinah Syed Alwi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasni Idayu Saidi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seri Narti Edayu Sarchio
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Loveless AM, Games KE, Shea ME, Thews KN, Winkelmann ZK. Experiences of Athletic Trainers in Tactical Athlete Settings When Managing Patients With Mental Health Conditions. J Athl Train 2023; 58:865-875. [PMID: 35724359 PMCID: PMC11215713 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0148.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Researchers have demonstrated that job demands impair tactical athletes' mental health. Mental health stigmas in this population and limited resources may prevent individuals from receiving care. Athletic trainers (ATs) are often the first, and sometimes the only, contact for mental health concerns. Previous literature indicated that ATs desired more psychosocial training and experience. OBJECTIVE To investigate ATs' preparedness and experiences managing patients with mental health conditions in the tactical athlete setting. DESIGN Consensual qualitative research study. SETTING One-on-one, semistructured interviews. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Fifteen ATs (men = 7, women = 8; age = 36 ± 10 years; experience in tactical athlete setting = 4 years [range, 6 months-20 years]; military = 12, law enforcement = 2; fire service = 1). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Interviews followed a 9-question protocol focused on job setting preparation, mental health training, and perceived role managing patients with mental health concerns. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. A 3-person coding team convened for data analysis following the consensual qualitative research tradition. Credibility and trustworthiness were established using a stability check, member checking, and multianalyst triangulation. RESULTS Four domains emerged surrounding ATs' mental health management experiences with tactical athletes: (1) population norms, (2) provider preparation, (3) provider context, and (4) structure of job responsibilities. Most ATs felt their educational experiences lacked comprehensive mental health training. Some participants described formal employer resources that were optional or mandatory for their job, whereas others engaged in self-education to feel prepared for this setting. Participants shared that unfamiliar experiences, such as divorce and deployment, influenced their context as providers. Most ATs had no policy related to mental health care and referral, indicating it was outside their responsibilities or they were unsure of role delineation. CONCLUSIONS For ATs working with tactical athletes, our respondents suggested that additional mental health education and training are necessary. They also indicated that improvement is needed in job structure regarding role delineation and the establishment of policies regarding behavioral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Loveless
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Kenneth E. Games
- Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute
| | - Maura E. Shea
- First Line Tactical Athlete Program, Forte Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, Indianapolis, IN
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Pasha H, Khalajinia Z, Yadollahpour MH, Gholinia H. Sexual Function, Religion, Existential Well-being and Mental Health among Iranian Married Women of Reproductive Age. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:3399-3413. [PMID: 37226017 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the relationship between sexuality and spirituality with mental health among Iranian married women of reproductive age. It was a cross-sectional, correlational study with a sample size of 120 Iranian married women in 2022. Goldberg general health, Female Sexual Function Index, and Paloutzian and Ellison spiritual health questionnaires were used to collect data. The level of spiritual health scale (SWBS) in more than half of the married women was high (50.8%) and 49.2% at the average level. Sexual dysfunction was reported at 43.3%. Sexual function, religious and existential well-being was predictors of mental health and its dimensions. The risk of sexual dysfunction was 3.33-fold higher in people who had an unfavorable level of SWBS (β = 3.33, CI: 1.558-7.099, P = 0.002) compared to those who had a favorable level of SWBS. Therefore, adhering to sexual health and relying on spirituality are emphasized in preventing mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Pasha
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Population, Family and Spiritual Research Core, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zohreh Khalajinia
- Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hadi Yadollahpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Population, Family and Spiritual Research Core, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hemmat Gholinia
- Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Zábó V, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Purebl G. Psychological resilience and competence: key promoters of successful aging and flourishing in late life. GeroScience 2023; 45:3045-3058. [PMID: 37418098 PMCID: PMC10643728 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many individuals, both in the public and within the field of psychology, often perceive aging as a burden that negatively impacts intellectual and mental health. Our present study aims to challenge this notion by identifying the crucial components of positive mental health in later life. These components not only promote positive mental health but also actively contribute to it, even under difficult circumstances. To accomplish this, we first offer a concise review of well-being and mental health models that highlight the psychological aspects of flourishing in late life. We then introduce a psychological competence-based model for positive mental health, which aligns with the concept of positive aging. Subsequently, we present a measurement tool suitable for practical applications. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of positive aging, drawing on methodological guidelines and existing research findings concerning sustainable positive mental health in later life. We examine the evidence indicating that psychological resilience (the capacity to adapt and recover from adversity or stress) and competence (skills and abilities to effectively cope with challenges across various life domains) significantly contribute to slowing down biological aging processes. Furthermore, we discuss insights into the relationship between psychological factors and aging derived from research on Blue Zones (regions characterized by a higher proportion of individuals experiencing longer, healthier lives).
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Affiliation(s)
- Virág Zábó
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - György Purebl
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Gudi-Mindermann H, White M, Roczen J, Riedel N, Dreger S, Bolte G. Integrating the social environment with an equity perspective into the exposome paradigm: A new conceptual framework of the Social Exposome. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116485. [PMID: 37352954 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the social environment and social inequalities in disease etiology is well-known due to the profound research and conceptual framework on social determinants of health. For a long period, in exposome research with its classical orientation towards detrimental health effects of biological, chemical, and physical exposures, this knowledge remained underrepresented. But currently it gains great awareness and calls for innovations in rethinking the role of social environmental health determinants. To fill this gap that exists in terms of the social domain within exposome research, we propose a novel conceptual framework of the Social Exposome, to integrate the social environment in conjunction with the physical environment into the exposome concept. The iterative development process of the Social Exposome was based on a systematic compilation of social exposures in order to achieve a holistic portrayal of the human social environment - including social, psychosocial, socioeconomic, sociodemographic, local, regional, and cultural aspects, at individual and contextual levels. In order to move the Social Exposome beyond a mere compilation of exposures, three core principles are emphasized that underly the interplay of the multitude of exposures: Multidimensionality, Reciprocity, and Timing and continuity. The key focus of the conceptual framework of the Social Exposome is on understanding the underlying mechanisms that translate social exposures into health outcomes. In particular, insights from research on health equity and environmental justice have been incorporated to uncover how social inequalities in health emerge, are maintained, and systematically drive health outcomes. Three transmission pathways are presented: Embodiment, Resilience and Susceptibility or Vulnerability, and Empowerment. The Social Exposome conceptual framework may serve as a strategic map for, both, research and intervention planning, aiming to further explore the impact of the complex social environment and to alter transmission pathways to minimize health risks and health inequalities and to foster equity in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Gudi-Mindermann
- University of Bremen, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Department of Social Epidemiology, Germany.
| | - Maddie White
- University of Bremen, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Department of Social Epidemiology, Germany
| | - Jana Roczen
- University of Bremen, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Department of Social Epidemiology, Germany
| | - Natalie Riedel
- University of Bremen, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Department of Social Epidemiology, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dreger
- University of Bremen, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Department of Social Epidemiology, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bolte
- University of Bremen, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Department of Social Epidemiology, Germany
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Solbakken LE, Bergvik S, Wynn R. Beliefs about mental health in incarcerated males: a qualitative interview study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1242756. [PMID: 37779608 PMCID: PMC10538968 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1242756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Beliefs about mental health are shaped by the sociocultural context. Prisons have unique environmental and social features, and the prevalence of mental health problems in incarcerated populations is exceptionally high. These features make prisons especially interesting settings for exploring health beliefs. The aim of this study was to explore the conceptualizations of mental health and coping preferences in a prison environment. Methods Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen incarcerated males from three prisons in Northern Norway. The design draws on central elements from Grounded Theory. Results Mental health was perceived as distinct from mental illness by many of the participants. They coped with the prison environment by focusing on the things that gave them a sense of meaning and autonomy - this also formed their conceptualization of mental health. Furthermore, social interaction and activities were perceived as important to enhance and maintain mental well-being, however there were institutional barriers to using these coping strategies. The prison environment was integrated in the participants conceptualizations of mental health problems, and psychosocial stressors were emphasized in causal attributions. Biological and dispositional factors were less frequently mentioned. The participants preferred non-medical management for mental health problems and most displayed a reserved attitude towards psychotropic medications. The exception was attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, for which they held neurobiological causal beliefs, together with a corresponding preference for medication as treatment. Conclusion The main finding was a firm integration of the prison context in in the participants' beliefs about mental health. We theorize that fusion of prison conditions and mental health beliefs were brought on by the processes of prisonization, observing mental distress in peers and attempts to protect self-esteem by externalizing the causes for mental health problems. Access to activities, social time, and "someone to talk to" were perceived to be crucial for improving and preserving mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Elisabeth Solbakken
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Use, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Svein Bergvik
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rolf Wynn
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Education, ICT and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
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Delle Fave A, Wissing MP, Brdar I. Beyond polarization towards dynamic balance: harmony as the core of mental health. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1177657. [PMID: 37771812 PMCID: PMC10525342 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1177657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldviews are culturally derived assumptions that influence individual and collective behaviors, values, and representations of reality. The study of mental functions is not exempt from this influence, as reflected in scientific theories, methodological approaches, and empirical studies. Despite acknowledging the interplay of mental processes with developmental, environmental, and cultural dimensions, psychological research is still primarily based on quantitative methods, and on the conceptualization of mental phenomena as unfolding along polarized continua. A lively epistemological debate surrounds this approach, especially underscoring the risk of blurring the distinction between constructs derived from statistical models and real-life processes and experiences. Based on this debate and on recent empirical evidence derived from the positive psychology literature, this paper is aimed at proposing an integrated view of mental health, as a holistically patterned, contextually imbedded, and dynamic phenomenon changing over time and across life events, with harmony, harmonization and dynamic balance as core qualities. The heuristic potential of investigating the qualitative configuration patterns of mental health dimensions across individuals and groups, beyond their position along a quantitative continuum, is outlined. The development of more integrated approaches and methodologies to investigate mental health as a harmonization process, taking into account personal, contextual and developmental features, would be aligned with evidence derived from the integration of traditional nomothetic and ideographic approaches, and other life sciences. However, the development of a transdisciplinary line of research requires further inputs from different epistemological views, as well as higher attention to the potential contribution of different philosophical traditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Delle Fave
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marié Philipina Wissing
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR), North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa
| | - Ingrid Brdar
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Jameel F, Agiel A. Exploring Students' Emotional Well-Being in the Ideal University Hostel Using the Qualitative Repertory Grid Technique. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6724. [PMID: 37754584 PMCID: PMC10530330 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic is that it has lent urgency to ongoing discussions on mental well-being, particularly among university students. While standard techniques are available to diagnose mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress, ambiguity persists regarding the emotional aspect of well-being. Emotional well-being (EWB) is a recently developed concept that seeks to understand the contribution of emotions to one's well-being. Interactive approaches for such investigations are recommended to understand people's contextual experiences in the built environment. This study utilizes a qualitative approach, underpinned by personal construct theory (PCT) and the qualitative repertory grid technique (RGT), to understand how university hostel designs can contribute to students' emotional well-being. We interviewed fifteen students from the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU) and obtained their perceptions of three built environments they experienced and an ideal place they imagined. The results unveiled design-related factors associated with students' emotional constructs and elucidated characteristics of an 'ideal' hostel in response to these emotional constructs. These findings enrich our knowledge of EWB within university hostels offering insights for the future design that consider the emotional aspect of well-being for residents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Agiel
- Department of Architectural Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
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Burger K, Strassmann Rocha D. Mental health, gender, and higher education attainment. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ERZIEHUNGSWISSENSCHAFT : ZFE 2023; 27:89-122. [PMID: 38496784 PMCID: PMC10942912 DOI: 10.1007/s11618-023-01187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
We compared the mental health of higher education students with that of nonstudents. Moreover, we examined whether the mental health of students predicts their probability of obtaining a higher education degree, and whether the extent to which mental health affects educational attainment varies by gender. Drawing on a risk and resilience framework, we considered five facets of mental health that may be implicated in distinct ways in the educational attainment process: positive attitude towards life, self-esteem, self-efficacy, negative affectivity, and perceived stress. We used data from a nationally representative panel study from Switzerland (Nstudents = 2070, 42.8% male; Nnonstudents = 3755, 45.9% male). The findings suggest that overall, the mental health of higher education students was relatively similar to that of nonstudents, although students exhibited slightly higher self-esteem, slightly weaker self-efficacy, greater negative affectivity, and higher levels of perceived stress. The effects of different facets of mental health on higher education degree attainment were mostly statistically and/or practically insignificant. However, positive attitudes towards life had a substantial positive effect on the probability of being awarded a higher education degree. Mental health was equally important for male and female students' educational attainment. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s11618-023-01187-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaspar Burger
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development & Department of Sociology, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Childhood and Youth Research, Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Social Research Institute, Institute of Education, University College London, WC1H 0AL London, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Strassmann Rocha
- Department of Sociology, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
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Pearce E, Birken M, Pais S, Tamworth M, Ng Y, Wang J, Chipp B, Crane E, Schlief M, Yang J, Stamos A, Cheng LK, Condon M, Lloyd-Evans B, Kirkbride JB, Osborn D, Pitman A, Johnson S. Associations between constructs related to social relationships and mental health conditions and symptoms: an umbrella review. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:652. [PMID: 37667255 PMCID: PMC10478264 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness and social isolation are increasingly recognised as prevalent among people with mental health problems, and as potential targets for interventions to improve quality of life and outcomes, as well as for preventive strategies. Understanding the relationship between quality and quantity of social relationships and a range of mental health conditions is a helpful step towards development of such interventions. PURPOSE Our aim was to give an overview of associations between constructs related to social relationships (including loneliness and social isolation) and diagnosed mental conditions and mental health symptoms, as reported in systematic reviews of observational studies. METHODS For this umbrella review (systematic review of systematic reviews) we searched five databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science) and relevant online resources (PROSPERO, Campbell Collaboration, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Synthesis Journal). We included systematic reviews of studies of associations between constructs related to social relationships and mental health diagnoses or psychiatric symptom severity, in clinical or general population samples. We also included reviews of general population studies investigating the relationship between loneliness and risk of onset of mental health problems. RESULTS We identified 53 relevant systematic reviews, including them in a narrative synthesis. We found evidence regarding associations between (i) loneliness, social isolation, social support, social network size and composition, and individual-level social capital and (ii) diagnoses of mental health conditions and severity of various mental health symptoms. Depression (including post-natal) and psychosis were most often reported on, with few systematic reviews on eating disorders or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and only four related to anxiety. Social support was the most commonly included social construct. Our findings were limited by low quality of reviews and their inclusion of mainly cross-sectional evidence. CONCLUSION Good quality evidence is needed on a wider range of social constructs, on conditions other than depression, and on longitudinal relationships between social constructs and mental health symptoms and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiluned Pearce
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mary Birken
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Pais
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Millie Tamworth
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yutung Ng
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beverley Chipp
- Co-production Group, Loneliness and Social Isolation in Mental Health Research Network, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ellena Crane
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Merle Schlief
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jinyan Yang
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aggelos Stamos
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lui Kwan Cheng
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Condon
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - David Osborn
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Pitman
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sonia Johnson
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Plackett R, Blyth A, Schartau P. The Impact of Social Media Use Interventions on Mental Well-Being: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e44922. [PMID: 37565693 PMCID: PMC10457695 DOI: 10.2196/44922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some evidence that more social media use is related to poorer mental well-being and that social media use can become problematic when it starts to interfere with a person's daily life and mental well-being. To address this issue and improve users' mental well-being, social media use interventions (eg, abstinence from social media) have been developed and evaluated. However, there is limited understanding of the effectiveness of these interventions in improving mental well-being. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature on the effectiveness of social media use interventions in improving mental well-being in adults. METHODS A systematic search (January 1, 2004, to July 31, 2022) was completed across 3 databases in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Experimental studies evaluating the impact of social media use interventions on mental well-being in adults were included. Outcomes related to mental well-being, such as depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness, were included. A narrative synthesis without meta-analysis was completed to summarize the study characteristics and effectiveness by outcome and intervention type. The Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool was used to measure the quality of the studies. RESULTS Of the 2785 studies identified through the systematic search, 23 (0.83%) were included in the analysis. Many of the included studies (9/23, 39%) found improvements in mental well-being, some (7/23, 30%) found mixed effects, and others (7/23, 30%) found no effect on mental well-being. Therapy-based interventions that used techniques such as cognitive behavioral therapy were more effective than limiting use of social media or full abstinence from social media, with 83% (5/6) of these studies showing improvements in mental well-being compared with 20% (1/5) and 25% (3/12), respectively. Depression was the most frequently investigated and improved outcome with 70% (7/10) of the studies showing a significant improvement in depression after the intervention, whereas other outcomes showed more varied results. Quality was poor, with 96% (22/23) of the studies receiving a weak global score, mostly for issues related to selection bias because most of the studies (16/23, 70%) used a convenience sampling of university students. CONCLUSIONS This review provides some evidence that social media use interventions are effective in improving mental well-being, especially for depression and when using therapy-based interventions. Further experimental and longitudinal research is needed with representative samples to investigate who may benefit most from social media use interventions. This will help to develop guidance and recommendations for policy makers and clinicians on how best to manage problematic social media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Plackett
- Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Blyth
- Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Schartau
- Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Gunawardena H, Voukelatos A, Nair S, Cross S, Hickie IB. Efficacy and Effectiveness of Universal School-Based Wellbeing Interventions in Australia: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6508. [PMID: 37569048 PMCID: PMC10418788 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organisation defines health in terms of wellbeing, and wellbeing has become both a construct and a measure of impact in early intervention and prevention programs in schools. In Australia, schools report on their wellbeing initiatives and there is a plethora of government-funded wellbeing programs already in place in schools. However, education systems and stakeholders worldwide are facing significant challenges with mixed evaluation results of program impact and intervention effect. To better support students, schools, school-based healthcare workers, and community, it is important to know about the effectiveness of school-based programs; yet in the last decade, there has been no national appraisal of these programs in Australia. This systematic review aims to report on the effectiveness of Australian school-based wellbeing programs through a search of 13 databases. Out of 2888 articles, 29 met inclusion criteria. The results found that seventeen interventions comprising 80% of the total number of participants reported no statistically significant intervention effect on wellbeing outcomes. We argue that supporting wellbeing through robust program intervention is important as wellbeing presents both an indication of later onset of more serious mental health issues, and an opportunity for early intervention to break the trajectory leading to full disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshi Gunawardena
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
| | | | - Sham Nair
- Curriculum and Reform Directorate, NSW Department of Education, Sydney 2001, Australia;
| | - Shane Cross
- Orygen, Parkville 3052, Australia;
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
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Laidra K, Reile R, Havik M, Leinsalu M, Murd C, Tulviste J, Tamson M, Akkermann K, Kreegipuu K, Sultson H, Ainsaar M, Uusberg A, Rahno J, Panov L, Leetmaa K, Aasa A, Veidebaum T, Lehto K, Konstabel K. Estonian National Mental Health Study: Design and methods for a registry-linked longitudinal survey. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3106. [PMID: 37278143 PMCID: PMC10454261 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Estonian National Mental Health Study (EMHS) was conducted in 2021-2022 to provide population-wide data on mental health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. The main objective of this paper is to describe the rationale, design, and methods of the EMHS and to evaluate the survey response. METHODS Regionally representative stratified random sample of 20,000 persons aged 15 years and older was drawn from the Estonian Population Register for the study. Persons aged 18 years and older at the time of the sampling were enrolled into three survey waves where they were invited to complete an online or postal questionnaire about mental well-being and disorders, and behavioral, cognitive, and other risk factors. Persons younger than 18 years of age were invited to fill an anonymous online questionnaire starting from wave 2. To complement and validate survey data, data on socio-demographic, health-related, and environmental variables were collected from six national administrative databases and registries. Additionally, a subsample was enrolled into a validation study using ecological momentary assessment. RESULTS In total, 5636 adults participated in the survey wave 1, 3751 in wave 2, and 4744 in wave 3. Adjusted response rates were 30.6%, 21.1%, and 27.6%, respectively. Women and older age groups were more likely to respond. Throughout the three survey waves, a considerable share of adult respondents screened positive for depression (27.6%, 25.1%, and 25.6% in waves 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Women and young adults aged 18 to 29 years had the highest prevalence of depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The registry-linked longitudinal EMHS dataset comprises a rich and trustworthy data source to allow in-depth analysis of mental health outcomes and their correlates among the Estonian population. The study serves as an evidence base for planning mental health policies and prevention measures for possible future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaia Laidra
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsNational Institute for Health DevelopmentTallinnEstonia
| | - Rainer Reile
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsNational Institute for Health DevelopmentTallinnEstonia
| | - Merle Havik
- Department of Chronic DiseasesNational Institute for Health DevelopmentTallinnEstonia
| | - Mall Leinsalu
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsNational Institute for Health DevelopmentTallinnEstonia
- Stockholm Centre for Health and Social ChangeSödertörn UniversityHuddingeSweden
| | - Carolina Murd
- Department of Chronic DiseasesNational Institute for Health DevelopmentTallinnEstonia
| | - Jaan Tulviste
- Department of Chronic DiseasesNational Institute for Health DevelopmentTallinnEstonia
| | - Merili Tamson
- Department of Drugs and Infectious Diseases EpidemiologyNational Institute for Health DevelopmentTallinnEstonia
| | | | | | | | - Mare Ainsaar
- Institute of Social StudiesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | | | - Jaana Rahno
- Department of Chronic DiseasesNational Institute for Health DevelopmentTallinnEstonia
| | - Liisi Panov
- Department of Health StatisticsNational Institute for Health DevelopmentTallinnEstonia
| | - Kadri Leetmaa
- Department of GeographyUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Anto Aasa
- Department of GeographyUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic DiseasesNational Institute for Health DevelopmentTallinnEstonia
| | - Kelli Lehto
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of GenomicsUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Kenn Konstabel
- Department of Chronic DiseasesNational Institute for Health DevelopmentTallinnEstonia
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