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Aboonabi A, McCauley MD. Myofilament dysfunction in diastolic heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:79-93. [PMID: 37837495 PMCID: PMC10904515 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Diastolic heart failure (DHF), in which impaired ventricular filling leads to typical heart failure symptoms, represents over 50% of all heart failure cases and is linked with risk factors, including metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes, and aging. A substantial proportion of patients with this disorder maintain normal left ventricular systolic function, as assessed by ejection fraction. Despite the high prevalence of DHF, no effective therapeutic agents are available to treat this condition, partially because the molecular mechanisms of diastolic dysfunction remain poorly understood. As such, by focusing on the underlying molecular and cellular processes contributing to DHF can yield new insights that can represent an exciting new avenue and propose a novel therapeutic approach for DHF treatment. This review discusses new developments from basic and clinical/translational research to highlight current knowledge gaps, help define molecular determinants of diastolic dysfunction, and clarify new targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Aboonabi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., 920S (MC 715), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Mark D McCauley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., 920S (MC 715), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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2
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Higo S. Disease modeling of desmosome-related cardiomyopathy using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:71-82. [PMID: 37007457 PMCID: PMC10052339 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i3.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a pathological condition characterized by cardiac pump failure due to myocardial dysfunction and the major cause of advanced heart failure requiring heart transplantation. Although optimized medical therapies have been developed for heart failure during the last few decades, some patients with cardiomyopathy exhibit advanced heart failure and are refractory to medical therapies. Desmosome, which is a dynamic cell-to-cell junctional component, maintains the structural integrity of heart tissues. Genetic mutations in desmosomal genes cause arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC), a rare inheritable disease, and predispose patients to sudden cardiac death and heart failure. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have elucidated the genetic basis of cardiomyopathies and revealed that desmosome-related cardiomyopathy is concealed in broad cardiomyopathies. Among desmosomal genes, mutations in PKP2 (which encodes PKP2) are most frequently identified in patients with AC. PKP2 deficiency causes various pathological cardiac phenotypes. Human cardiomyocytes differentiated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in combination with genome editing, which allows the precise arrangement of the targeted genome, are powerful experimental tools for studying disease. This review summarizes the current issues associated with practical medicine for advanced heart failure and the recent advances in disease modeling using iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes targeting desmosome-related cardiomyopathy caused by PKP2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichiro Higo
- Department of Medical Therapeutics for Heart Failure, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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3
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Cempaka Putri DKS, Andrianto A, Al-Farabi MJ, Saputra PBT, Nugraha RA. Efficacy of Ranolazine to Improve Diastolic Performance in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Cardiol 2023; 18:e02. [PMID: 36844933 PMCID: PMC9947928 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2022.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This article evaluates the efficacy of using ranolazine to improve diastolic performance and exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. A comprehensive literature review found eight trials where there are no significant difference in peak O2 (p=0.09) and exercise duration (p=0.18) between ranolazine and placebo. The ranolazine group had significantly higher and better diastolic parameters compared to placebo, with a mean difference of 0.45 (95% CI [27.18-39.50]). There were no significant differences for haemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) and electrocardiography (QT interval) between ranolazine and placebo. The review found that ranolazine has good wefficacy to improve diastolic performance among heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients and it does not affect blood pressure, heart rate and rate of ventricular repolarisation (shortening of the QT interval).
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Affiliation(s)
- Desak Ketut Sekar Cempaka Putri
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Soetomo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas AirlanggaSurabaya, Indonesia
| | - Andrianto Andrianto
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Soetomo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas AirlanggaSurabaya, Indonesia
| | - Makhyan Jibril Al-Farabi
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Soetomo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas AirlanggaSurabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Ricardo Adrian Nugraha
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Soetomo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas AirlanggaSurabaya, Indonesia
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4
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Phillips TA, Hauck GT, Pribadi MP, Cho EE, Cleary SR, Robia SL. Micropeptide hetero-oligomerization adds complexity to the calcium pump regulatory network. Biophys J 2023; 122:301-309. [PMID: 36523160 PMCID: PMC9892615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) is an ion transporter that creates and maintains intracellular calcium stores. SERCA is inhibited or stimulated by several membrane micropeptides including another-regulin, dwarf open reading frame, endoregulin, phospholamban (PLB), and sarcolipin. We previously showed that these micropeptides assemble into homo-oligomeric complexes with varying affinity. Here, we tested whether different micropeptides can interact with each other, hypothesizing that coassembly into hetero-oligomers may affect micropeptide bioavailability to regulate SERCA. We quantified the relative binding affinity of each combination of candidates using automated fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy. All pairs were capable of interacting with good affinity, similar to the affinity of micropeptide self-binding (homo-oligomerization). Testing each pair at a 1:5 ratio and a reciprocal 5:1 ratio, we noted that the affinity of hetero-oligomerization of some micropeptides depended on whether they were the minority or majority species. In particular, sarcolipin was able to join oligomers when it was the minority species but did not readily accommodate other micropeptides in the reciprocal experiment when it was expressed in fivefold excess. The opposite was observed for endoregulin. PLB was a universal partner for all other micropeptides tested, forming avid hetero-oligomers whether it was the minority or majority species. Increasing expression of SERCA decreased PLB-dwarf open reading frame hetero-oligomerization, suggesting that SERCA-micropeptide interactions compete with micropeptide-micropeptide interactions. Thus, micropeptides populate a regulatory network of diverse protein assemblies. The data suggest that the complexity of this interactome increases exponentially with the number of micropeptides that are coexpressed in a particular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Phillips
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Garrett T Hauck
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Marsha P Pribadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Ellen E Cho
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Sean R Cleary
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Seth L Robia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois.
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5
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Genome Editing and Heart Failure. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1396:75-85. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Oknińska M, Mączewski M, Mackiewicz U. Ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial ischaemia-Focus on the ageing and sex. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101722. [PMID: 36038114 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Annually, approximately 17 million people die from cardiovascular diseases worldwide, half of them suddenly. The most common direct cause of sudden cardiac death is ventricular arrhythmia triggered by an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The study summarizes the knowledge of the mechanisms of arrhythmia onset during ACS in humans and in animal models and factors that may influence the susceptibility to life-threatening arrhythmias during ACS with particular focus on the age and sex. The real impact of age and sex on the arrhythmic susceptibility within the setting of acute ischaemia is masked by the fact that ACSs result from coronary artery disease appearing with age much earlier among men than among women. However, results of researches show that in ageing process changes with potential pro-arrhythmic significance, such as increased fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, decrease number of gap junction channels, disturbances of the intracellular Ca2+ signalling or changes in electrophysiological parameters, occur independently of the development of cardiovascular diseases and are more severe in male individuals. A review of the literature also indicates a marked paucity of research in this area in female and elderly individuals. Greater awareness of sex differences in the aging process could help in the development of personalized prevention methods targeting potential pro-arrhythmic factors in patients of both sexes to reduce mortality during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. This is especially important in an era of aging populations in which women will predominate due to their longer lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Oknińska
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Mączewski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Mackiewicz
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
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Körtl T, Stehle T, Riedl D, Trausel J, Rebs S, Pabel S, Paulus M, Holzamer A, Marrouche N, Maier LS, Sohns C, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Sossalla S. Atrial Fibrillation Burden Specifically Determines Human Ventricular Cellular Remodeling. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 8:1357-1366. [PMID: 36424002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) can either be a consequence or an underlying mechanism of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Patients included in the CASTLE-AF (Catheter Ablation vs. Standard Conventional Treatment in Patients With LV Dysfunction and AF) trial who suffered from AF and left ventricular systolic dysfunction benefited from an AF burden <50% after catheter ablation compared with those patients with an AF burden >50%. OBJECTIVES This analysis tried to explain the clinical findings of the CASTLE-AF trial regarding AF burden in a "back-to-bench" approach. METHODS To study the ventricular effects of different AF burdens, experiments were performed using human ventricular induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes undergoing in vitro AF simulation. Epifluorescence microscopy, action potential measurements, and measurements of sarcomere regularity were conducted. RESULTS Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes stimulated with AF burden of 60% or higher displayed typical hallmarks of heart failure. Ca2+ transient amplitude was significantly reduced indicating negative inotropic effects. Action potential duration was significantly prolonged, which represents a potential trigger for arrhythmias. A significant decrease of sarcomere regularity could explain impaired cardiac contractility in patients with high AF burden. These effects were more pronounced after 7 days of AF simulation compared with 48 hours. CONCLUSIONS Significant functional and structural alterations occurred at the cellular level at a threshold of ∼50% AF burden as it was observed to be harmful in the CASTLE-AF trial. Therefore, these translational results may help to understand the findings of the CASTLE-AF trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Körtl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thea Stehle
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Riedl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Trausel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Rebs
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Pabel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Paulus
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Holzamer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Regensburg Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nassir Marrouche
- Tulane Research and Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Sohns
- Clinic for Electrophysiology, Herz-und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Zenhaeusern, Germany
| | - Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzberg, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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8
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Bagheri Moghaddam M, Maleki M, Oveisee M, Bagheri Moghaddam M, Arabian M, Malakootian M. Circular RNAs: New Players in Cardiomyopathy. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091537. [PMID: 36140705 PMCID: PMC9498503 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies comprise a heterogeneous group of cardiac diseases identified by myocardium disorders and diminished cardiac function. They often lead to heart failure or heart transplantation and constitute one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of noncoding RNAs. They are covalently closed and single-stranded and derived from the exons and introns of genes by alternative splicing. This specific structure renders them resistant to exonuclease digestion. Many recent studies have demonstrated that circRNAs are highly abundant and conserved and can play central roles in biological functions such as microRNA (miRNA) sponging, splicing, and transcription regulation. Emerging evidence indicates that circRNAs can play significant roles in cardiovascular diseases, including cardiomyopathies. In this review, we briefly describe the current understanding regarding the classification, nomenclature, characteristics, and function of circRNAs and report recent significant findings concerning the roles of circRNAs in cardiomyopathies. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical application potential of circRNAs as the therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers of cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Bagheri Moghaddam
- Molecular Genetics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 141171311, Iran
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1995614331, Iran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1995614331, Iran
| | - Maziar Oveisee
- School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 7661771967, Iran
| | - Mahrokh Bagheri Moghaddam
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1995614331, Iran
| | - Maedeh Arabian
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1995614331, Iran
| | - Mahshid Malakootian
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1995614331, Iran
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-2123923033; Fax: +98-2122663213
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Hegner P, Drzymalski M, Biedermann A, Memmel B, Durczok M, Wester M, Floerchinger B, Provaznik Z, Schmid C, Zausig Y, Maier LS, Wagner S. SAR296968, a Novel Selective Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Inhibitor, Improves Ca2+ Handling and Contractile Function in Human Atrial Cardiomyocytes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081932. [PMID: 36009478 PMCID: PMC9406204 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In reverse-mode, cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) can increase the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in response to high intracellular Na+ levels, which may contribute to diastolic contractile dysfunction. Furthermore, increased spontaneous Ca2+ release from intracellular stores can activate forward mode NCX. The resulting transient inward current causes delayed afterdepolarization (DAD)-dependent arrhythmias. Moreover, recently, NCX has been associated with impaired relaxation and reduced cardiac function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Since NCX is upregulated in human chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) as well as heart failure (HF), specific inhibition may have therapeutic potential. Objective: We tested the antiarrhythmic, lusitropic and inotropic effects of a novel selective NCX-inhibitor (SAR296968) in human atrial myocardium. Methods and Results: Right atrial appendage biopsies of 46 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery in a predominant HFpEF cohort (n = 24/46) were investigated. In isolated human atrial cardiomyocytes, SAR296968 reduced the frequency of spontaneous SR Ca2+ release events and increased caffeine transient amplitude. In accordance, in isolated atrial trabeculae, SAR296968 enhanced the developed tension after a 30 s pause of electrical stimulation consistent with reduced diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leak. Moreover, compared to vehicle, SAR296968 decreased steady-state diastolic tension (at 1 Hz) without impairing developed systolic tension. Importantly, SAR296968 did not affect the safety parameters, such as resting membrane potential or action potential duration as measured by patch clamp. Conclusion: The novel selective NCX-inhibitor SAR296968 inhibits atrial pro-arrhythmic activity and improves diastolic and contractile function in human atrial myocardium, which may have therapeutic implications, especially for treatment of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hegner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marzena Drzymalski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Biedermann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernadette Memmel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Durczok
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wester
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Floerchinger
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zdenek Provaznik
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christof Schmid
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - York Zausig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Aschaffenburg-Alzenau Hospital, 63739 Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Lars S. Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-944-7206
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Schiemann R, Buhr A, Cordes E, Walter S, Heinisch JJ, Ferrero P, Milting H, Paululat A, Meyer H. Neprilysins regulate muscle contraction and heart function via cleavage of SERCA-inhibitory micropeptides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4420. [PMID: 35906206 PMCID: PMC9338278 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle contraction depends on strictly controlled Ca2+ transients within myocytes. A major player maintaining these transients is the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, SERCA. Activity of SERCA is regulated by binding of micropeptides and impaired expression or function of these peptides results in cardiomyopathy. To date, it is not known how homeostasis or turnover of the micropeptides is regulated. Herein, we find that the Drosophila endopeptidase Neprilysin 4 hydrolyzes SERCA-inhibitory Sarcolamban peptides in membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, thereby ensuring proper regulation of SERCA. Cleavage is necessary and sufficient to maintain homeostasis and function of the micropeptides. Analyses on human Neprilysin, sarcolipin, and ventricular cardiomyocytes indicates that the regulatory mechanism is evolutionarily conserved. By identifying a neprilysin as essential regulator of SERCA activity and Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes, these data contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms that control muscle contraction and heart function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Schiemann
- Department of Zoology & Developmental Biology, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Annika Buhr
- Department of Zoology & Developmental Biology, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Eva Cordes
- Department of Zoology & Developmental Biology, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Stefan Walter
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück - CellNanOs, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Heinisch
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück - CellNanOs, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.,Department of Genetics, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Paola Ferrero
- Center for Cardiovascular Research - CONICET/National University of La Plata, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Heart & Diabetes Center NRW, University of Bochum, Erich & Hanna Klessmann-Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Achim Paululat
- Department of Zoology & Developmental Biology, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.,Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück - CellNanOs, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Department of Zoology & Developmental Biology, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany. .,Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück - CellNanOs, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
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11
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Pathophysiology of heart failure and an overview of therapies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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12
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Abdel-Qadir H, Sabrie N, Leong D, Pang A, Austin PC, Prica A, Nanthakumar K, Calvillo-Argüelles O, Lee DS, Thavendiranathan P. Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Ibrutinib Use in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Population-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:3453-3462. [PMID: 34464154 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ibrutinib reduces mortality in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). It increases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and bleeding and there are concerns about heart failure (HF) and central nervous system ischemic events. The magnitude of these risks remains poorly quantified. METHODS Using linked administrative databases, we conducted a population-based cohort study of Ontario patients who were treated for CLL diagnosed between 2007 and 2019. We matched ibrutinib-treated patients with controls treated with chemotherapy but unexposed to ibrutinib on prior AF, age ≥ 66 years, anticoagulant exposure, and propensity for receiving ibrutinib. Study outcomes were AF-related health care contact, hospital-diagnosed bleeding, new diagnoses of HF, and hospitalizations for stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The cumulative incidence function was used to estimate absolute risks. We used cause-specific regression to study the association of ibrutinib with bleeding rates, while adjusting for anticoagulation as a time-varying covariate. RESULTS We matched 778 pairs of ibrutinib-treated and unexposed patients with CLL (N = 1,556). The 3-year incidence of AF-related health care contact was 22.7% (95% CI, 19.0 to 26.6) in ibrutinib-treated patients and 11.7% (95% CI, 9.0 to 14.8) in controls. The 3-year risk of hospital-diagnosed bleeding was 8.8% (95% CI, 6.5 to 11.7) in ibrutinib-treated patients and 3.1% (95% CI, 1.9 to 4.6) in controls. Ibrutinib-treated patients were more likely to start anticoagulation after the index date. After adjusting for anticoagulation as a time-varying covariate, ibrutinib remained positively associated with bleeding (HR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.76 to 3.78). The 3-year risk of HF was 7.7% (95% CI, 5.4 to 10.6%) in ibrutinib-treated patients and 3.6% (95% CI, 2.2 to 5.4) in controls. There was no significant difference in the risk of ischemic stroke or AMI. CONCLUSION Ibrutinib is associated with higher risk of AF, bleeding, and HF, but not AMI or stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam Abdel-Qadir
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,ICES (formerly the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto
| | - Nasruddin Sabrie
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darryl Leong
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Pang
- ICES (formerly the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter C Austin
- ICES (formerly the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anca Prica
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto.,Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kumaraswamy Nanthakumar
- Division of Cardiology, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto.,The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oscar Calvillo-Argüelles
- Division of Cardiology, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas S Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,ICES (formerly the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto
| | - Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan
- Division of Cardiology, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto
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13
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Benitah JP, Perrier R, Mercadier JJ, Pereira L, Gómez AM. RyR2 and Calcium Release in Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2021; 12:734210. [PMID: 34690808 PMCID: PMC8533677 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.734210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart Failure (HF) is defined as the inability of the heart to efficiently pump out enough blood to maintain the body's needs, first at exercise and then also at rest. Alterations in Ca2+ handling contributes to the diminished contraction and relaxation of the failing heart. While most Ca2+ handling protein expression and/or function has been shown to be altered in many models of experimental HF, in this review, we focus in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release channel, the type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2). Various modifications of this channel inducing alterations in its function have been reported. The first was the fact that RyR2 is less responsive to activation by Ca2+ entry through the L-Type calcium channel, which is the functional result of an ultrastructural remodeling of the ventricular cardiomyocyte, with fewer and disorganized transverse (T) tubules. HF is associated with an elevated sympathetic tone and in an oxidant environment. In this line, enhanced RyR2 phosphorylation and oxidation have been shown in human and experimental HF. After several controversies, it is now generally accepted that phosphorylation of RyR2 at the Calmodulin Kinase II site (S2814) is involved in both the depressed contractile function and the enhanced arrhythmic susceptibility of the failing heart. Diminished expression of the FK506 binding protein, FKBP12.6, may also contribute. While these alterations have been mostly studied in the left ventricle of HF with reduced ejection fraction, recent studies are looking at HF with preserved ejection fraction. Moreover, alterations in the RyR2 in HF may also contribute to supraventricular defects associated with HF such as sinus node dysfunction and atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana M. Gómez
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology—UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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14
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Liang Y, Xu X, Li Q, Deng Y, Xie M, Zheng Y, Ou W, He Q, Xu X, Wu W, Li T. Chronic Alcohol Intake Exacerbates Cardiac Dysfunction After Myocardial Infarction. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 55:524-530. [PMID: 32533143 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol intake is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study was designed to investigate whether chronic alcohol intake affects myocardial infarction (MI)-induced cardiac remodeling and heart failure. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: Sham group (Sham), MI plus drinking water group (MI + Vehicle), and MI plus daily alcohol intake for 6 weeks with or without gavage of additional alcohol every 3 days (MI + Alcohol and MI + Alcohol + G). The MI were induced by permanent left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation surgery before vehicle or alcohol treatment. The blood alcohol concentration (BAC), cardiac function, release of cardiac enzymes, pathological changes and mitochondrial function were measured. RESULTS As expected, supplementation of alcohol in drinking water significantly increased random BAC in mice. Long-term exposure to alcohol further reduced body weight, ejection fraction and fractional shortening in comparison with the MI + Vehicle group. Histopathological data showed that alcohol increased fibrosis in infarct zone, which was well correlated with the functional decline. Also, as compared to the MI + Vehicle group, the adenosine diphosphate-supported respiratory function of freshly isolated cardiac mitochondria was inhibited in the MI + Alcohol + G group. Besides, upon MI-induced cardiac damage, we did not observe further changes in heart weight, cardiomyocyte enlargement in remote zone, exercise capacity, lung edema and the release of cardiac enzyme after chronic alcohol intake. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that chronic daily alcohol exposure exacerbated MI-induced cardiac dysfunction, which is related to promoted myocardial fibrosis and inhibited mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Anesthesia, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 14 Fucheng Road, Mianyang 621000, PR China
| | - Yan Deng
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Anesthesia, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Maodi Xie
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Anesthesia, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yanyi Zheng
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Anesthesia, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Wei Ou
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Anesthesia, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Qinqin He
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Anesthesia, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Woman's and Children's Central Hospital, No 1617 Riyue Avenue, Chengdu 610091, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The general hospital of western theater command, No 270 Rongdu Avenue, Chengdu 610083, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Anesthesia, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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15
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Peigh G, Shah SJ, Patel RB. Left Atrial Myopathy in Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure: Clinical Implications, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Targets. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2021; 18:85-98. [PMID: 33864224 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-021-00510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses the mechanisms, clinical implications, and treatments of left atrial (LA) myopathy in comorbid atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) across the spectrum of ejection fraction. RECENT FINDINGS AF and HF are highly comorbid conditions. Left atrial (LA) myopathy, characterized by impairments in LA structure, function, or electrical conduction, plays a fundamental role in the development of both AF and HF with preserved ejection fraction (AF-HFpEF) along with AF and HF with reduced ejection fraction (AF-HFrEF). While the nature of LA myopathy in AF-HFpEF is unique from that of AF-HFrEF, LA myopathy also leads to progression of both of these conditions. There may be a vulnerable cohort of AF-HF patients who have a disproportionate degree of LA myopathy compared with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Further investigations are required to identify therapies to improve LA function in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Peigh
- Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ravi B Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, 676 N St. Clair Suite 600, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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16
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Deng J, Cai X, Hao M, Liu X, Chen Z, Li H, Liu J, Liao Y, Fu H, Chen H, Qin G, Yan D. Calcium Dobesilate (CaD) Attenuates High Glucose and High Lipid-Induced Impairment of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Handling in Cardiomyocytes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:637021. [PMID: 33604360 PMCID: PMC7884338 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.637021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium dobesilate (CaD) is used effectively in patients with diabetic microvascular disorder, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Here we sought to determine whether it has an effect on cardiomyocytes calcium mishandling that is characteristic of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyocytes were sterile isolated and cultured from 1 to 3 days neonatal rats and treated with vehicle (Control), 25 mM glucose+300 μM Palmitic acid (HG+PA), 100 μM CaD (CaD), or HG+PA+CaD to test the effects on calcium signaling (Ca2+ sparks, transients, and SR loads) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by confocal imaging. Compared to Control, HG+PA treatment significantly reduced field stimulation-induced calcium transient amplitudes (2.22 ± 0.19 vs. 3.56 ± 0.21, p < 0.01) and the levels of caffeine-induced calcium transients (3.19 ± 0.14 vs. 3.72 ± 0.15, p < 0.01), however significantly increased spontaneous Ca2+ sparks firing levels in single cardiomyocytes (spontaneous frequency 2.65 ± 0.23 vs. 1.72 ± 0.12, p < 0.01) and ROS production (67.12 ± 4.4 vs. 47.65 ± 2.12, p < 0.05), which suggest that HG+PA treatment increases the Spontaneity Ca2+ spark frequency, and then induced partial reduction of SR Ca2+ content and subsequently weaken systolic Ca2+ transient in cardiomyocyte. Remarkably, these impairments in calcium signaling and ROS production were largely prevented by pre-treatment of the cells with CaD. Therefore, CaD may contribute to a good protective effect on patients with calcium mishandling and contractile dysfunction in cardiomyocytes associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangsheng Cai
- Center for Medical Experiments, University of Chinese Academy of Science-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingyu Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zelong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunxiu Liao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Fu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huiyan Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Molecular Cardiology Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Dewen Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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17
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O'Toole D, Zaeri AAI, Nicklin SA, French AT, Loughrey CM, Martin TP. Signalling pathways linking cysteine cathepsins to adverse cardiac remodelling. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109770. [PMID: 32891693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adverse cardiac remodelling clinically manifests as deleterious changes to heart architecture (size, mass and geometry) and function. These changes, which include alterations to ventricular wall thickness, chamber dilation and poor contractility, are important because they progressively drive patients with cardiac disease towards heart failure and are associated with poor prognosis. Cysteine cathepsins contribute to key signalling pathways involved in adverse cardiac remodelling including synthesis and degradation of the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, impaired cardiomyocyte contractility and apoptosis. In this review, we highlight the role of cathepsins in these signalling pathways as well as their translational potential as therapeutic targets in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan O'Toole
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Ali Abdullah I Zaeri
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Stuart A Nicklin
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Anne T French
- Clinical Sciences Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Christopher M Loughrey
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
| | - Tamara P Martin
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
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18
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Dhyani V, Gare S, Gupta RK, Swain S, Venkatesh K, Giri L. GPCR mediated control of calcium dynamics: A systems perspective. Cell Signal 2020; 74:109717. [PMID: 32711109 PMCID: PMC7375278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) mediated calcium (Ca2+)-signaling transduction remains crucial in designing drugs for various complex diseases including neurodegeneration, chronic heart failure as well as respiratory diseases. Although there are several reviews detailing various aspects of Ca2+-signaling such as the role of IP3 receptors and Ca2+-induced-Ca2+-release, none of them provide an integrated view of the mathematical descriptions of GPCR signal transduction and investigations on dose-response curves. This article is the first study in reviewing the network structures underlying GPCR signal transduction that control downstream [Cac2+]-oscillations. The central theme of this paper is to present the biochemical pathways, as well as molecular mechanisms underlying the GPCR-mediated Ca2+-dynamics in order to facilitate a better understanding of how agonist concentration is encoded in Ca2+-signals for Gαq, Gαs, and Gαi/o signaling pathways. Moreover, we present the GPCR targeting drugs that are relevant for treating cardiac, respiratory, and neuro-diseases. The current paper presents the ODE formulation for various models along with the detailed schematics of signaling networks. To provide a systems perspective, we present the network motifs that can provide readers an insight into the complex and intriguing science of agonist-mediated Ca2+-dynamics. One of the features of this review is to pinpoint the interplay between positive and negative feedback loops that are involved in controlling intracellular [Cac2+]-oscillations. Furthermore, we review several examples of dose-response curves obtained from [Cac2+]-spiking for various GPCR pathways. This paper is expected to be useful for pharmacologists and computational biologists for designing clinical applications of GPCR targeting drugs through modulation of Ca2+-dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Dhyani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Suman Gare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Rishikesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Sarpras Swain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - K.V. Venkatesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lopamudra Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the shared pathology of atrial fibrillation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and the prognostic, diagnostic, and treatment challenges incurred by the co-occurrence of these increasingly prevalent diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple risk factors and mechanisms have been proposed as potentially linking atrial fibrillation and HFpEF, with systemic inflammation more recently being invoked. Nonvitamin K oral anticoagulants, left atrial appendage occlusion devices, and catheter ablation have emerged as alternative treatment options. Other novel pharmacological agents, such as neprilysin inhibitors, need to be studied further in this patient population. SUMMARY Atrial fibrillation and HFpEF commonly co-occur because of their shared risk factors and pathophysiology and incur increased morbidity and mortality relative to either condition alone. Although the presence of both diseases can often make each diagnosis difficult, it is important to do so early in the disease course as there are now a variety of treatment options aimed at improving symptoms and quality of life, slowing disease progression, and improving prognosis. However, more research needs to be performed on the role of catheter ablation in this population. Novel pharmacologic and procedural treatment options appear promising and may further improve the treatment options available to this growing population.
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20
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Dang H, Ye Y, Zhao X, Zeng Y. Identification of candidate genes in ischemic cardiomyopathy by gene expression omnibus database. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:320. [PMID: 32631246 PMCID: PMC7336680 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is one of the most usual causes of death worldwide. This study aimed to find the candidate gene for ICM. METHODS We studied differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ICM compared to healthy control. According to these DEGs, we carried out the functional annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and transcriptional regulatory network constructions. The expression of selected candidate genes were confirmed using a published dataset and Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS From three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, we acquired 1081 DEGs (578 up-regulated and 503 down-regulated genes) between ICM and healthy control. The functional annotation analysis revealed that cardiac muscle contraction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy were significantly enriched pathways in ICM. SNRPB, BLM, RRS1, CDK2, BCL6, BCL2L1, FKBP5, IPO7, TUBB4B and ATP1A1 were considered the hub proteins. PALLD, THBS4, ATP1A1, NFASC, FKBP5, ECM2 and BCL2L1 were top six transcription factors (TFs) with the most downstream genes. The expression of 6 DEGs (MYH6, THBS4, BCL6, BLM, IPO7 and SERPINA3) were consistent with our integration analysis and GSE116250 validation results. CONCLUSIONS The candidate DEGs and TFs may be related to the ICM process. This study provided novel perspective for understanding mechanism and exploiting new therapeutic means for ICM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Dang
- Department of cardiac surgery, Capital medical university, Beijing Anzhen hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yicong Ye
- Department of cardiology, Capital medical university, Beijing Anzhen hospital, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyan District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiliang Zhao
- Department of cardiology, Capital medical university, Beijing Anzhen hospital, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyan District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of cardiology, Capital medical university, Beijing Anzhen hospital, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyan District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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21
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Novel re-expression of L-type calcium channel Ca v1.3 in left ventricles of failing human heart. Heart Rhythm 2020; 17:1193-1197. [PMID: 32113898 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Gilbert G, Demydenko K, Dries E, Puertas RD, Jin X, Sipido K, Roderick HL. Calcium Signaling in Cardiomyocyte Function. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035428. [PMID: 31308143 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rhythmic increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration underlie the contractile function of the heart. These heart muscle-wide changes in intracellular Ca2+ are induced and coordinated by electrical depolarization of the cardiomyocyte sarcolemma by the action potential. Originating at the sinoatrial node, conduction of this electrical signal throughout the heart ensures synchronization of individual myocytes into an effective cardiac pump. Ca2+ signaling pathways also regulate gene expression and cardiomyocyte growth during development and in pathology. These fundamental roles of Ca2+ in the heart are illustrated by the prevalence of altered Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, heart failure (an inability of the heart to support hemodynamic needs), rhythmic disturbances, and inappropriate cardiac growth all share an involvement of altered Ca2+ handling. The prevalence of these pathologies, contributing to a third of all deaths in the developed world as well as to substantial morbidity makes understanding the mechanisms of Ca2+ handling and dysregulation in cardiomyocytes of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Gilbert
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kateryna Demydenko
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eef Dries
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rosa Doñate Puertas
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xin Jin
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Sipido
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, BE3000 Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Szostak J, Wong ET, Titz B, Lee T, Wong SK, Low T, Lee KM, Zhang J, Kumar A, Schlage WK, Guedj E, Phillips B, Leroy P, Buettner A, Xiang Y, Martin F, Sewer A, Kuczaj A, Ivanov NV, Luettich K, Vanscheeuwijck P, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. A 6-month systems toxicology inhalation study in ApoE -/- mice demonstrates reduced cardiovascular effects of E-vapor aerosols compared with cigarette smoke. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H604-H631. [PMID: 31975625 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00613.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Smoking cigarettes is harmful to the cardiovascular system. Considerable attention has been paid to the reduced harm potential of alternative nicotine-containing inhalable products such as e-cigarettes. We investigated the effects of E-vapor aerosols or cigarette smoke (CS) on atherosclerosis progression, cardiovascular function, and molecular changes in the heart and aorta of female apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. The mice were exposed to aerosols from three different E-vapor formulations: 1) carrier (propylene glycol and vegetable glycerol), 2) base (carrier and nicotine), or 3) test (base and flavor) or to CS from 3R4F reference cigarettes for up to 6 mo. Concentrations of CS and base or test aerosols were matched at 35 µg nicotine/L. Exposure to CS, compared with sham-exposed fresh air controls, accelerated atherosclerotic plaque formation, whereas no such effect was seen for any of the three E-vapor aerosols. Molecular changes indicated disease mechanisms related to oxidative stress and inflammation in general, plus changes in calcium regulation, and altered cytoskeletal organization and microtubule dynamics in the left ventricle. While ejection fraction, fractional shortening, cardiac output, and isovolumic contraction time remained unchanged following E-vapor aerosols exposure, the nicotine-containing base and test aerosols caused an increase in isovolumic relaxation time similar to CS. A nicotine-related increase in pulse wave velocity and arterial stiffness was also observed, but it was significantly lower for base and test aerosols than for CS. These results demonstrate that in comparison with CS, E-vapor aerosols induce substantially lower biological responses associated with smoking-related cardiovascular diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Analysis of key urinary oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory cytokines showed an absence of oxidative stress and inflammation in the animals exposed to E-vapor aerosols. Conversely, animals exposed to conventional cigarette smoke had high urinary levels of these markers. When compared with conventional cigarette smoke, E-vapor aerosols induced smaller atherosclerotic plaque surface area and volume. Systolic and diastolic cardiac function, as well as endothelial function, were further significantly less affected by electronic cigarette aerosols than conventional cigarette smoke. Molecular analysis demonstrated that E-vapor aerosols induce significantly smaller transcriptomic dysregulation in the heart and aorta compared with conventional cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Szostak
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ee Tsin Wong
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Bjoern Titz
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Lee
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Sin Kei Wong
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Tiffany Low
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Patrice Leroy
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Yang Xiang
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Arkadiusz Kuczaj
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Karsta Luettich
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Vanscheeuwijck
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Scranton K, John S, Escobar A, Goldhaber JI, Ottolia M. Modulation of the cardiac Na +-Ca 2+ exchanger by cytoplasmic protons: Molecular mechanisms and physiological implications. Cell Calcium 2019; 87:102140. [PMID: 32070924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A precise temporal and spatial control of intracellular Ca2+ concentration is essential for a coordinated contraction of the heart. Following contraction, cardiac cells need to rapidly remove intracellular Ca2+ to allow for relaxation. This task is performed by two transporters: the plasma membrane Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). NCX extrudes Ca2+ from the cell, balancing the Ca2+entering the cytoplasm during systole through L-type Ca2+ channels. In parallel, following SR Ca2+ release, SERCA activity replenishes the SR, reuptaking Ca2+ from the cytoplasm. The activity of the mammalian exchanger is fine-tuned by numerous ionic allosteric regulatory mechanisms. Micromolar concentrations of cytoplasmic Ca2+ potentiate NCX activity, while an increase in intracellular Na+ levels inhibits NCX via a mechanism known as Na+-dependent inactivation. Protons are also powerful inhibitors of NCX activity. By regulating NCX activity, Ca2+, Na+ and H+ couple cell metabolism to Ca2+ homeostasis and therefore cardiac contractility. This review summarizes the recent progress towards the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the ionic regulation of the cardiac NCX with special emphasis on pH modulation and its physiological impact on the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Scranton
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott John
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ariel Escobar
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, UC Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Joshua I Goldhaber
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michela Ottolia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Pérez-Treviño P, Sepúlveda-Leal J, Altamirano J. Simultaneous assessment of calcium handling and contractility dynamics in isolated ventricular myocytes of a rat model of post-acute isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy. Cell Calcium 2019; 86:102138. [PMID: 31838436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) results from a profound catecholaminergic surge during strong emotional or physical stress. SIC is characterized by acute left ventricular apex hypokinesia, in the absence of coronary arteries occlusion, and can lead to arrhythmias and acute heart failure. Although, most SIC patients recover, the process could be slow, and recurrence or death may occur. Despite that the SIC common denominator is a large catecholamine discharge, the pathophysiological mechanism is incompletely understood. It is thought that catecholamines have direct cytotoxicity on apical ventricular myocytes (VM), which have the highest β-adrenergic receptors density, and whose overstimulation might cause acute Ca2+ overload and oxidative stress, causing death in some VM and stunning others. Rodents receiving acute isoproterenol (ISO) overdose (OV) mimic SIC development, however, they have not been used to simultaneously assess Ca2+ handling and contractility status in isolated VM, which might explain ventricular hypokinesia. Therefore, treating rats with a single ISO-OV (67 mg/kg body weight), we sought out to characterize, with confocal imaging, Ca2+ and shortening dynamics in Fluo-4-loaded VM, during the early (1-5 days) and late post-acute phases (15 days). We found that ISO-OV VM showed contractile dysfunction; blunted shortening with slower force development and relaxation. These correlated with Ca2+ mishandling; blunted Ca2+ transient, with slower time to peak and SR Ca2+ recovery. SR Ca2+ content was low, nevertheless, diastolic Ca2+ sparks were more frequent, and their duration increased. Contractility and Ca2+ dysfunction aggravated or remained altered over time, explaining slow recovery. We conclude that diminished VM contractility is the main determinant of ISO-OV hypokinesia and is mostly related to Ca2+ mishandling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Pérez-Treviño
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Monterrey, N.L., 64710, Mexico
| | - José Sepúlveda-Leal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Monterrey, N.L., 64710, Mexico
| | - Julio Altamirano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Monterrey, N.L., 64710, Mexico.
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26
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Strategy to prevent cardiac toxicity induced by polyacrylic acid decorated iron MRI contrast agent and investigation of its mechanism. Biomaterials 2019; 222:119442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Meng T, Ren X, Chen X, Yu J, Agrimi J, Paolocci N, Gao WD. Anesthetic Agents Isoflurane and Propofol Decrease Maximal Ca 2+-Activated Force and Thus Contractility in the Failing Myocardium. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:615-623. [PMID: 31515443 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.259556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the normal heart, frequently used anesthetics such as isoflurane and propofol can reduce inotropy. However, the impact of these agents on the failing myocardium is unclear. Here, we examined whether and how isoflurane and propofol influence cardiac contractility in intact cardiac muscles from rats treated with monocrotaline to induce heart failure. We measured force and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2 +]i) in trabeculae from the right ventricles of the rats in the absence or presence of propofol or isoflurane. At low to moderate concentrations, both propofol and isoflurane dose-dependently depressed cardiac force generation in failing trabeculae without altering [Ca2+]i At high doses, propofol (but not isoflurane) also decreased amplitude of [Ca2+]i transients. During steady-state activation, both propofol and isoflurane impaired maximal Ca2+-activated force (Fmax) while increasing the amount of [Ca2+]i required for 50% of maximal activation (Ca50). These events occurred without apparent change in the Hill coefficient, suggesting no impairment of cooperativity. Exposing these same muscles to the anesthetics after fiber skinning resulted in a similar decrement in Fmax and rise in Ca50 but no change in the myofibrillar ATPase-Ca2+ relationship. Thus, our study demonstrates that challenging the failing myocardium with commonly used anesthetic agents such as propofol and isoflurane leads to reduced force development as a result of lowered myofilament responsiveness to Ca2+ SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Commonly used anesthetics such as isoflurane and propofol can impair myocardial contractility in subjects with heart failure by lowering myofilament responsiveness to Ca2+. High doses of propofol can also reduce the overall amplitude of the intracellular Ca2+ transient. These findings may have important implications for the safety and quality of intra- and perioperative care of patients with heart failure and other cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China (T.M., J.Y.); Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (X.R.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tongji University Medical Center, Wuhan, China (X.C.); Division of Cardiology (J.A., N.P.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Xianfeng Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China (T.M., J.Y.); Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (X.R.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tongji University Medical Center, Wuhan, China (X.C.); Division of Cardiology (J.A., N.P.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China (T.M., J.Y.); Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (X.R.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tongji University Medical Center, Wuhan, China (X.C.); Division of Cardiology (J.A., N.P.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Jingui Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China (T.M., J.Y.); Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (X.R.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tongji University Medical Center, Wuhan, China (X.C.); Division of Cardiology (J.A., N.P.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Jacopo Agrimi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China (T.M., J.Y.); Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (X.R.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tongji University Medical Center, Wuhan, China (X.C.); Division of Cardiology (J.A., N.P.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China (T.M., J.Y.); Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (X.R.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tongji University Medical Center, Wuhan, China (X.C.); Division of Cardiology (J.A., N.P.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Wei Dong Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China (T.M., J.Y.); Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (X.R.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tongji University Medical Center, Wuhan, China (X.C.); Division of Cardiology (J.A., N.P.) and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
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Newly Discovered Micropeptide Regulators of SERCA Form Oligomers but Bind to the Pump as Monomers. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:4429-4443. [PMID: 31449798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The recently-discovered single-span transmembrane proteins endoregulin (ELN), dwarf open reading frame (DWORF), myoregulin (MLN), and another-regulin (ALN) are reported to bind to the SERCA calcium pump in a manner similar to that of known regulators of SERCA activity, phospholamban (PLB) and sarcolipin (SLN). To determine how micropeptide assembly into oligomers affects the availability of the micropeptide to bind to SERCA in a regulatory complex, we used co-immunoprecipitation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to quantify micropeptide oligomerization and SERCA-binding. Micropeptides formed avid homo-oligomers with high-order stoichiometry (n > 2 protomers per homo-oligomer), but it was the monomeric form of all micropeptides that interacted with SERCA. In view of these two alternative binding interactions, we evaluated the possibility that oligomerization occurs at the expense of SERCA-binding. However, even the most avidly oligomeric micropeptide species still showed robust FRET with SERCA, and there was a surprising positive correlation between oligomerization affinity and SERCA-binding. This comparison of micropeptide family members suggests that the same structural determinants that support oligomerization are also important for binding to SERCA. Moreover, the unique oligomerization/SERCA-binding profile of DWORF is in harmony with its distinct role as a PLB-competing SERCA activator, in contrast to the inhibitory function of the other SERCA-binding micropeptides.
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Genetic deletion of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta does not mitigate adverse myocardial remodeling in volume-overloaded hearts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9889. [PMID: 31285482 PMCID: PMC6614357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta (CaMKIIδ), the predominant CaMKII isoform expressed in the heart, has been implicated in the progression of myocardial infarction- and pressure overload-induced pathological remodeling. However, the role of CaMKIIδ in volume overload (VO) has not been explored. We have previously reported an activation of CaMKII during transition to HF in long-term VO. Here, we address whether CaMKIIδ is critically involved in the mortality, myocardial remodeling, and heart failure (HF) progression in response to VO. CaMKIIδ knockout (δ-KO) and wild-type (WT) littermates were exposed to aortocaval shunt-induced VO, and the progression of adverse myocardial remodeling was assessed by serial echocardiography, histological and molecular analyses. The mortality rates during 10 weeks of VO were similar in δ-KO and WT mice. Both genotypes displayed comparable eccentric myocardial hypertrophy, altered left ventricle geometry, perturbed systolic and diastolic functions after shunt. Additionally, cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, augmented myocyte apoptosis, and up-regulation of hypertrophic genes were also not significantly different in δ-KO versus WT hearts after shunt. Therefore, CaMKIIδ signaling seems to be dispensable for the progression of VO-induced maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Accordingly, we hypothesize that CaMKIIδ-inhibition as a therapeutic approach might not be helpful in the context of VO-triggered HF.
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30
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Wang X, Zhuo X, Gao J, Liu H, Lin F, Ma A. Neuregulin-1β Partially Improves Cardiac Function in Volume-Overload Heart Failure Through Regulation of Abnormal Calcium Handling. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:616. [PMID: 31281251 PMCID: PMC6597678 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuregulin (NRG-1), an essential stress-mediated paracrine growth factor, has a cardioprotective effect in failing heart. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The role of NRG-1β in heart failure (HF) rats was examined. Methods and Results: Volume-overload HF rat model was created by aortocaval fistula surgery. The sham-operated (SO) rats received the same surgical intervention without the fistula. Thirty-five HF rats were injected with NRG-1β (NRG, 10 μg/kg·d) via the tail vein for 7 days, whereas 35 HF rats and 20 SO rats were injected with the same dose of saline. The echocardiographic findings showed left ventricular dilatation, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and QTc interval prolongation in HF rats. The NRG-1β treatment attenuated the ventricular remodeling and shortened the QTc interval. Patch clamp recordings showed ICa-L was significantly decreased in the HF group, and NRG-1β treatment attenuated the decreased ICa-L. No significant differences in the kinetic properties of ICa-L were observed. The expressions of Cav1.2 and SERCA2a were significantly reduced, but the expression level of NCX1 was increased dramatically in the HF group. NRG-1β treatment could partially prevent the decrease of Cav1.2 and SERCA2a, and the increase of NCX1 in HF rats. Conclusions: NRG-1β could partly attenuate the heart function deterioration in the volume-overload model. Reduced function and expression of calcium transportation-related proteins might be the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huibing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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31
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Ezeani M. TRP Channels Mediated Pathological Ca 2+-Handling and Spontaneous Ectopy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:83. [PMID: 31281820 PMCID: PMC6595228 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channel biology offers great opportunity in identifying and learning about cardiac pathophysiology mechanisms. The discovery of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels is an add-on to the opportunity. Interacting with numerous signaling pathways, being activated multimodally, and having prescribed signatures underlining acute hemodynamic control and cardiac remodeling, TRP channels regulate cardiac pathophysiology. Impaired Ca2+-handling cause contractile abnormality. Modulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is a major part of Ca2+-handling processes in cardiac pathophysiology. TRP channels including TRPM4 regulate [Ca2+]i, Ca2+-handling and cardiac contractility. The channels modulate flux of divalent cations, such as Ca2+ during Ca2+-handling and cardiac contractility. Seminal works implicate TRPM4 and TRPC families in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Defective Ca2+-homeostasis through TRP channels interaction with Ca2+-dependent regulatory proteins such as sodium calcium exchanger (NCX) results in abnormal Ca2+ handling, contractile dysfunction and in spontaneous ectopy. This review provides insight into TRP channels mediated pathological Ca2+-handling and spontaneous ectopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ezeani
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Beauverger P, Ozoux ML, Bégis G, Glénat V, Briand V, Philippo MC, Daveu C, Tavares G, Roy S, Corbier A, Briand P, Dorchies O, Bauchet AL, Nicolai E, Duclos O, Tamarelle D, Pruniaux MP, Muslin AJ, Janiak P. Reversion of cardiac dysfunction by a novel orally available calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor, RA306, in a genetic model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 116:329-338. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Beauverger
- Cardiovascular&Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R&D, 1 avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Marie-Laure Ozoux
- Cardiovascular&Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R&D, 1 avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Guillaume Bégis
- Integrated Drug Discovery platform, Sanofi R&D, 1 avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Valérie Glénat
- Integrated Drug Discovery platform, Sanofi R&D, 13 quai Jules Guesde, Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Briand
- Cardiovascular&Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R&D, 1 avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Marie-Claire Philippo
- Cardiovascular&Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R&D, 1 avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Cyril Daveu
- Cardiovascular&Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R&D, 1 avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Georges Tavares
- Cardiovascular&Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R&D, 1 avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Integrated Drug Discovery platform, Sanofi R&D, 13 quai Jules Guesde, Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France
| | - Alain Corbier
- Cardiovascular&Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R&D, 1 avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Pascale Briand
- Cardiovascular&Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R&D, 1 avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Olivier Dorchies
- Preclinical Safety platform, Sanofi R&D, 13 quai Jules Guesde, Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Laure Bauchet
- Translational Medicine and Early Development platform, Sanofi R&D, 13 quai Jules Guesde, Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France
| | - Eric Nicolai
- Integrated Drug Discovery platform, Sanofi R&D, 1 avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Olivier Duclos
- Integrated Drug Discovery platform, Sanofi R&D, 1 avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Dorothée Tamarelle
- Biostatistics and Programming platform, Sanofi R&D, 13 quai Jules Guesde, Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Pruniaux
- Cardiovascular&Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R&D, 1 avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Anthony J Muslin
- Cardiovascular&Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R&D, 640 Memorial Drive, MA, Cambridge, USA
| | - Philip Janiak
- Cardiovascular&Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R&D, 1 avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France
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Jensen ASC, Polcwiartek C, Søgaard P, Mortensen RN, Davidsen L, Aldahl M, Eriksen MA, Kragholm K, Torp-Pedersen C, Hansen SM. The Association Between Serum Calcium Levels and Short-Term Mortality in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Am J Med 2019; 132:200-208.e1. [PMID: 30691552 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic heart failure have vulnerable myocardial function and are susceptible to electrolyte disturbances. In these patients, diuretic treatment is frequently prescribed, though it is known to cause electrolyte disturbances. Therefore, we investigated the association between altered calcium homeostasis and the risk of all-cause mortality in chronic heart failure patients. METHODS From Danish national registries, we identified patients with chronic heart failure with a serum calcium measurement within a minimum 90 days after initiated treatment with both loop diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to serum calcium levels, and Cox regression was used to assess the mortality risk of <1.18 mmol/L (hypocalcemia) and >1.32 mmol/L (hypercalcemia) compared with 1.18 mmol/L-1.32 mmol/L (normocalcemia) as reference. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS Of 2729 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 32.6% had hypocalcemia, 63.1% normocalcemia, and 4.3% hypercalcemia. The highest mortality risk was present in early deaths (≤30 days), with a HR of 2.22 (95% CI; 1.74-2.82) in hypocalcemic patients and 1.67 (95% CI; 0.96-2.90) in hypercalcemic patients compared with normocalcemic patients. As for late deaths (>30 days), a HR of 1.52 (95% CI; 1.12-2.05) was found for hypocalcemic patients and a HR of 1.87 (95% CI; 1.03-3.41) for hypercalcemic patients compared with normocalcemic patients. In adjusted analyses, hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia remained associated with an increased mortality risk in both the short term (≤30 days) and longer term (>30 days). CONCLUSION Altered calcium homeostasis was associated with an increased short-term mortality risk. Almost one-third of all the heart failure patients suffered from hypocalcemia, having a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoffer Polcwiartek
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark; Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Peter Søgaard
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Line Davidsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mette Aldahl
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Kristian Kragholm
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark; Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Vendsyssel Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark; Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Steen Møller Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark; Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
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Tschöpe C, Kherad B, Klein O, Lipp A, Blaschke F, Gutterman D, Burkhoff D, Hamdani N, Spillmann F, Van Linthout S. Cardiac contractility modulation: mechanisms of action in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and beyond. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 21:14-22. [PMID: 30485591 PMCID: PMC6607484 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality and is increasing in prevalence. Although there has been remarkable progress in the treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), morbidity and mortality are still substantial. Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) signals, consisting of biphasic high-voltage bipolar signals delivered to the right ventricular septum during the absolute refractory period, have been shown to improve symptoms, exercise tolerance and quality of life and reduce the rate of HF hospitalizations in patients with ejection fractions (EF) between 25% and 45%. CCM therapy is currently approved in the European Union, China, India, Australia and Brazil for use in symptomatic HFrEF patients with normal or slightly prolonged QRS duration. CCM is particularly beneficial in patients with baseline EF between 35% and 45%, which includes half the range of HF patients with mid-range EFs (HFmrEF). At the cellular level, CCM has been shown in HFrEF patients to improve calcium handling, to reverse the foetal myocyte gene programme associated with HF, and to facilitate reverse remodelling. This review highlights the preclinical and clinical literature related to CCM in HFrEF and HFmrEF and outlines the potential of CCM for HF with preserved EF, concluding that CCM may fill an important unmet need in the therapeutic approach to HF across the range of EFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of CardiologyUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)BerlinGermany
- Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Behrouz Kherad
- Department of CardiologyUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)BerlinGermany
| | - Oliver Klein
- Department of CardiologyUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)BerlinGermany
- Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Axel Lipp
- Department of NeurologyUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, CVKBerlinGermany
| | - Florian Blaschke
- Department of CardiologyUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)BerlinGermany
| | | | | | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Cardiovascular PhysiologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Frank Spillmann
- Department of CardiologyUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)BerlinGermany
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Department of CardiologyUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)BerlinGermany
- Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
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35
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Johnson DM, Antoons G. Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms in Heart Failure: Linking β-Adrenergic Stimulation, Stretch, and Calcium. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1453. [PMID: 30374311 PMCID: PMC6196916 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is associated with elevated sympathetic tone and mechanical load. Both systems activate signaling transduction pathways that increase cardiac output, but eventually become part of the disease process itself leading to further worsening of cardiac function. These alterations can adversely contribute to electrical instability, at least in part due to the modulation of Ca2+ handling at the level of the single cardiac myocyte. The major aim of this review is to provide a definitive overview of the links and cross talk between β-adrenergic stimulation, mechanical load, and arrhythmogenesis in the setting of HF. We will initially review the role of Ca2+ in the induction of both early and delayed afterdepolarizations, the role that β-adrenergic stimulation plays in the initiation of these and how the propensity for these may be altered in HF. We will then go onto reviewing the current data with regards to the link between mechanical load and afterdepolarizations, the associated mechano-sensitivity of the ryanodine receptor and other stretch activated channels that may be associated with HF-associated arrhythmias. Furthermore, we will discuss how alterations in local Ca2+ microdomains during the remodeling process associated the HF may contribute to the increased disposition for β-adrenergic or stretch induced arrhythmogenic triggers. Finally, the potential mechanisms linking β-adrenergic stimulation and mechanical stretch will be clarified, with the aim of finding common modalities of arrhythmogenesis that could be targeted by novel therapeutic agents in the setting of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Johnson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Antoons
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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36
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Arvanitis DA, Vafiadaki E, Johnson DM, Kranias EG, Sanoudou D. The Histidine-Rich Calcium Binding Protein in Regulation of Cardiac Rhythmicity. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1379. [PMID: 30319456 PMCID: PMC6171002 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden unexpected cardiac death (SCD) accounts for up to half of all-cause mortality of heart failure patients. Standardized cardiology tools such as electrocardiography, cardiac imaging, electrophysiological and serum biomarkers cannot accurately predict which patients are at risk of life-threatening arrhythmic episodes. Recently, a common variant of the histidine-rich calcium binding protein (HRC), the Ser96Ala, was identified as a potent biomarker of malignant arrhythmia triggering in these patients. HRC has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ cycling, by binding and storing Ca2+ in the SR, as well as interacting with the SR Ca2+ uptake and release complexes. The underlying mechanisms, elucidated by studies at the molecular, biochemical, cellular and intact animal levels, indicate that transversion of Ser96 to Ala results in abolishment of an HRC phosphorylation site by Fam20C kinase and dysregulation of SR Ca2+ cycling. This is mediated through aberrant SR Ca2+ release by the ryanodine receptor (RyR2) quaternary complex, due to the impaired HRC/triadin interaction, and depressed SR Ca2+ uptake by the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2) pump, due to the impaired HRC/SERCA2 interaction. Pharmacological intervention with KN-93, an inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), in the HRC Ser96Ala mouse model, reduced the occurrence of malignant cardiac arrhythmias. Herein, we summarize the current evidence on the pivotal role of HRC in the regulation of cardiac rhythmicity and the importance of HRC Ser96Ala as a genetic modifier for arrhythmias in the setting of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios A Arvanitis
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Vafiadaki
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel M Johnson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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37
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Negative chronotropism, positive inotropism and lusitropism of 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (DTBHA) on rat heart preparations occur through reduction of RyR2 Ca2+ leak. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:434-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Zhu C, Rodda AE, Truong VX, Shi Y, Zhou K, Haynes JM, Wang B, Cook WD, Forsythe JS. Increased Cardiomyocyte Alignment and Intracellular Calcium Transients Using Micropatterned and Drug-Releasing Poly(Glycerol Sebacate) Elastomers. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2494-2504. [PMID: 33435113 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial tissue engineering is a promising therapy for myocardial infarction recovery. The success of myocardial tissue engineering is likely to rely on the combination of cardiomyocytes, prosurvival regulatory signals, and a flexible biomaterial structure that can deliver them. In this study, poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS), which exhibits stable elasticity under repeated tensile loading, was engineered to provide physical features that aligned cardiomyocytes in a similar manner to that seen in native cardiac tissue. In addition, a small molecule mimetic of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was polymerized into the PGS to achieve a continuous and steady release. Micropatterning of PGS elastomers increased cell alignment, calcium transient homogeneity, and cell connectivity. The intensity of the calcium transients in cardiomyocytes was enhanced when cultured on PGS which released a small molecule BDNF mimetic. This study demonstrates that robust micropatterned elastomer films are a potential candidate for the delivery of functional cardiomyocytes and factors to the injured or dysfunctional myocardium, as well as providing novel in vitro platforms to study cardiomyocyte physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew E Rodda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Vinh X Truong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - John M Haynes
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Bing Wang
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Wayne D Cook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - John S Forsythe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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39
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Yamada S, Yoshihisa A, Sato Y, Sato T, Kamioka M, Kaneshiro T, Oikawa M, Kobayashi A, Suzuki H, Ishida T, Takeishi Y. Utility of heart rate turbulence and T-wave alternans to assess risk for readmission and cardiac death in hospitalized heart failure patients. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2018; 29:1257-1264. [PMID: 29777559 DOI: 10.1111/jce.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) patients have a higher risk of recurrent HF and cardiac death, and electrical remodeling is considered to be an important factor for HF progression. The present study aimed to validate the utility of electrocardiogram and Holter monitoring for the risk stratification of HF patients. METHODS Our study comprised 215 patients (144 males, mean age 62 years) who had been hospitalized due to acute decompensated HF. Electrocardiogram (QRS duration and QTc interval) and 24-hour Holter monitoring (heart rate variability, heart rate turbulence, and T-wave alternans [TWA]) were performed in stable condition before discharge. The clinical characteristics and outcomes were then investigated. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 2.7 years, there were 83 (38.6%) cardiac events (rehospitalization due to worsening HF [n = 51] or cardiac death [n = 32]). The patients with cardiac events had a lower turbulence slope (TS) and higher TWA compared to those without cardiac events (TS, 3.0 ± 5.5 ms/RR vs. 5.3 ± 5.6 ms/RR, P = 0.001; TWA, 66.1 ± 19.6 μV vs. 54.7 ± 15.1 μV, P < 0.001). Univariable analysis showed that TS, TWA, QRS duration, and QTc interval were associated with cardiac events (P = 0.004, P < 0.001, P = 0.037, and P = 0.024, respectively), while the multivariable analysis after the adjustment of multiple confounders showed that TS and TWA were independent predictive factors of cardiac events with a hazard ratio of 0.936 and 1.015 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.860-0.974, P = 0.006; and 95% CI: 1.003-1.027, P = 0.016), respectively. CONCLUSION The measurement of TS and TWA is useful for assessing risk for rehospitalization and cardiac death in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiomi Yoshihisa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Kamioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaneshiro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Arrhythmia and Cardiac Pacing, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Oikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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40
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Tsipis A, Athanassiadou AM, Petrou E, Miliopoulos D, Athanassiadou P, Kavantzas N, Athanassopoulos G. From cell to heart: the impact of the cell organelles dysfunction on heart disease. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2018; 19:131-140. [PMID: 29489739 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
: Cellular morphology reflects biologic behavior and activity of the tissue and of the organ also reflects the genetic and molecular biology of the cells themselves. This intermediary position places examination of the cell in a key role to our understanding of the innumerable processes that affect this closely knit chain, from molecules to host. A large volume of the cell is occupied by organelles that come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Organelles are dynamic to maintain homeostasis and adjust to the various functions of the cell. The cardiovascular system is metabolically very active and is therefore particularly vulnerable to defects of the cellular substructures, such as the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Given the functional complexity of the cardiovascular system, it is not surprising that defects in cell organelles produce diverse clinical manifestations. Organelle dysfunction is being recognized as the basis of a wide variety of heart diseases. In this review, the authors discuss the relationship between organelle structure and function in myocardial cells and how these organelles have been linked to the cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Tsipis
- Cytology Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Athens.,Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center
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41
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Imbalzano E, Mandraffino G, Casciaro M, Quartuccio S, Saitta A, Gangemi S. Pathophysiological mechanism and therapeutic role of S100 proteins in cardiac failure: a systematic review. Heart Fail Rev 2018; 21:463-73. [PMID: 26833319 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-016-9529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
S100 proteins are a family of highly acidic calcium-binding proteins involved in calcium handling in many tissues and organs. Some of these proteins are highly expressed in cardiac tissue, and an impairment of some specific S100 proteins has been related to heart failure. To check this hypothesis, we decided to review the literature since 2008 until May 2015. According to the studies collected, recovering S100A1 levels may enhance contractile/relaxing performance in heart failure, reverse negative force-frequency relationship, improve contractile reserve, reverse diastolic dysfunction and protect against pro-arrhythmic reductions of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium. The safety profile of gene therapy was also confirmed. Increased S100B protein levels were related to a worse outcome in chronic heart failure. S100A8/A9 complex plasma levels, as well as other inflammatory biomarkers, were significantly higher in chronic heart failure patients. S100A2 seems to increase both contractile and relaxation performance in animal cardiomyocytes. Otherwise, S100A6 cardiac expression seems to have no effects on contractility. S100A4 KO mice showed reduced cardiac interstitial fibrosis. Data collected encourage a potential prospective application in human. These proteins could be exploited as biomarkers in stadiation and prognosis of chronic heart failure, as well as therapeutic target to rescue failing heart. Registration details The study protocol has been registered in PROSPERO ( http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ) under registration number CRD42015027932.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n.1, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n.1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Quartuccio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n.1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinic University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria n.1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI) - Messina Unit, Messina, Italy
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42
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Høydal MA, Kirkeby-Garstad I, Karevold A, Wiseth R, Haaverstad R, Wahba A, Stølen TL, Contu R, Condorelli G, Ellingsen Ø, Smith GL, Kemi OJ, Wisløff U. Human cardiomyocyte calcium handling and transverse tubules in mid-stage of post-myocardial-infarction heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2018; 5:332-342. [PMID: 29431258 PMCID: PMC5933953 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cellular processes in the heart rely mainly on studies from experimental animal models or explanted hearts from patients with terminal end-stage heart failure (HF). To address this limitation, we provide data on excitation contraction coupling, cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation, and Ca2+ handling in post-myocardial-infarction (MI) patients at mid-stage of HF. METHODS AND RESULTS Nine MI patients and eight control patients without MI (non-MI) were included. Biopsies were taken from the left ventricular myocardium and processed for further measurements with epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. Cardiomyocyte function was progressively impaired in MI cardiomyocytes compared with non-MI cardiomyocytes when increasing electrical stimulation towards frequencies that simulate heart rates during physical activity (2 Hz); at 3 Hz, we observed almost total breakdown of function in MI. Concurrently, we observed impaired Ca2+ handling with more spontaneous Ca2+ release events, increased diastolic Ca2+ , lower Ca2+ amplitude, and prolonged time to diastolic Ca2+ removal in MI (P < 0.01). Significantly reduced transverse-tubule density (-35%, P < 0.01) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase 2a (SERCA2a) function (-26%, P < 0.01) in MI cardiomyocytes may explain the findings. Reduced protein phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLB) serine-16 and threonine-17 in MI provides further mechanisms to the reduced function. CONCLUSIONS Depressed cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation were associated with impaired intracellular Ca2+ handling due to impaired SERCA2a activity caused by a combination of alteration in the PLB/SERCA2a ratio and chronic dephosphorylation of PLB as well as loss of transverse tubules, which disrupts normal intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and handling. This is the first study that presents these mechanisms from viable and intact cardiomyocytes isolated from the left ventricle of human hearts at mid-stage of post-MI HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Andre Høydal
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Idar Kirkeby-Garstad
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Karevold
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rune Wiseth
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Alexander Wahba
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tomas L Stølen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Riccardo Contu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital CNR (National Research Council of Italy), Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital CNR (National Research Council of Italy), Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Øyvind Ellingsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Godfrey L Smith
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ole J Kemi
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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43
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Peoples JN, Taylor DG, Katchman AN, Ebert SN. Intact calcium signaling in adrenergic-deficient embryonic mouse hearts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:2547-2552. [PMID: 29288665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryos that lack the ability to produce the adrenergic hormones, norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI), due to disruption of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (Dbh-/-) gene inevitably perish from heart failure during mid-gestation. Since adrenergic stimulation is well-known to enhance calcium signaling in developing as well as adult myocardium, and impairments in calcium signaling are typically associated with heart failure, we hypothesized that adrenergic-deficient embryonic hearts would display deficiencies in cardiac calcium signaling relative to adrenergic-competent controls at a developmental stage immediately preceding the onset of heart failure, which first appears beginning or shortly after mouse embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5). To test this hypothesis, we used ratiometric fluorescent calcium imaging techniques to measure cytosolic calcium transients, [Ca2+]i in isolated E10.5 mouse hearts. Our results show that spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations were intact and robustly responded to a variety of stimuli including extracellular calcium (5 mM), caffeine (5 mM), and NE (100 nM) in a manner that was indistinguishable from controls. Further, we show similar patterns of distribution (via immunofluorescent histochemical staining) and activity (via patch-clamp recording techniques) for the major voltage-gated plasma membrane calcium channel responsible for the L-type calcium current, ICa,L, in adrenergic-deficient and control embryonic cardiac cells. These results demonstrate that despite the absence of vital adrenergic hormones that consistently leads to embryonic lethality in vivo, intracellular and extracellular calcium signaling remain essentially intact and functional in embryonic mouse hearts through E10.5. These findings suggest that adrenergic stimulation is not required for the development of intracellular calcium oscillations or extracellular calcium signaling through ICa,L and that aberrant calcium signaling does not likely contribute to the onset of heart failure in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Peoples
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827, United States
| | - David G Taylor
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827, United States
| | - Alexander N Katchman
- Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC 20007, United States
| | - Steven N Ebert
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827, United States.
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44
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Tschöpe C, Van Linthout S, Kherad B. Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Future Pharmacological Strategies: a Glance in the Crystal Ball. Curr Cardiol Rep 2017; 19:70. [PMID: 28656481 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-017-0874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current definition of heart failure is mainly based on an inappropriate measure of cardiac function, i.e., left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The initial sole entity, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, LVEF <40%), was complemented by the addition of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF, LVEF ≥50%) and most recently, heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF, LVEF 40-49%). Initially, HFpEF was believed to be a purely left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Pathophysiological concepts of HFpEF have changed considerably during the last years. In addition to intrinsic cardiac mechanisms, the heart failure pathogenesis is increasingly considered as driven by non-cardiac systemic processes including metabolic disorders, ischemic conditions, and pro-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic or immunological alterations. Presentation and pathophysiology of HFpEF is heterogeneous, and its management remains a challenge since evidence of therapeutic benefits is scarce. Up to now, there are no therapies improving survival in patients with HFpEF. RECENT FINDINGS Several results from clinical and preclinical interventions targeting non-cardiac mechanisms or non-pharmacological interventions including new anti-diabetic or anti-inflammatory drugs, mitochondrial-targeted anti-oxidants, anti-fibrotic strategies, microRNases incl. antagomirs, cell therapeutic options, and high-density lipoprotein-raising strategies are promising and under further investigation. This review addresses mechanisms and available data of current best clinical practice and novel approaches towards HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Berlin, Germany. .,Berliner Zentrum für Regenerative Therapien (BCRT), Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Berlin, Germany. .,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Berlin, Germany. .,Campus Virchow Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berliner Zentrum für Regenerative Therapien (BCRT), Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Berlin, Germany.,Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Föhrerstrasse 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Behrouz Kherad
- Department of Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Berlin, Germany.,Campus Virchow Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Privatpraxis Dr. Kherad, Große Hamburger Strasse 5-11, 10115, Berlin, Germany
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Moon SH, Liu X, Cedars AM, Yang K, Kiebish MA, Joseph SM, Kelley J, Jenkins CM, Gross RW. Heart failure-induced activation of phospholipase iPLA 2γ generates hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:115-129. [PMID: 29158256 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Congestive heart failure typically arises from cardiac myocyte necrosis/apoptosis, associated with the pathological opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). mPTP opening decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential leading to the activation of Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2γ (iPLA2γ) and the production of downstream toxic metabolites. However, the array of enzymatic mediators and the exact chemical mechanisms responsible for modulating myocardial mPTP opening remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that human heart failure activates specific myocardial mitochondrial phospholipases that increase Ca2+-dependent production of toxic hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and attenuate the activity of phospholipases that promote the synthesis of protective epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Mechanistically, HETEs activated the Ca2+-induced opening of the mPTP in failing human myocardium, and the highly selective pharmacological blockade of either iPLA2γ or lipoxygenases attenuated mPTP opening in failing hearts. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of cytochrome P450 epoxygenases opened the myocardial mPTP in human heart mitochondria. Remarkably, the major mitochondrial phospholipase responsible for Ca2+-activated release of arachidonic acid (AA) in mitochondria from non-failing hearts was calcium-dependent phospholipase A2ζ (cPLA2ζ) identified by sequential column chromatographies and activity-based protein profiling. In contrast, iPLA2γ predominated in failing human myocardium. Stable isotope kinetics revealed that in non-failing human hearts, cPLA2ζ metabolically channels arachidonic acid into EETs, whereas in failing hearts, increased iPLA2γ activity channels AA into toxic HETEs. These results mechanistically identify the sequelae of pathological remodeling of human mitochondrial phospholipases in failing myocardium. This remodeling metabolically channels AA into toxic HETEs promoting mPTP opening, which induces necrosis/apoptosis leading to further progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Moon
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Xinping Liu
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Ari M Cedars
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Kui Yang
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Michael A Kiebish
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Susan M Joseph
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - John Kelley
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Christopher M Jenkins
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Richard W Gross
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130.
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Greenberg B. Gene therapy for heart failure: time to go back to the drawing board. Eur J Heart Fail 2017; 19:1542-1544. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Tschöpe C, Birner C, Böhm M, Bruder O, Frantz S, Luchner A, Maier L, Störk S, Kherad B, Laufs U. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: current management and future strategies : Expert opinion on the behalf of the Nucleus of the "Heart Failure Working Group" of the German Society of Cardiology (DKG). Clin Res Cardiol 2017; 107:1-19. [PMID: 29018938 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-017-1170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
About 50% of all patients suffering from heart failure (HF) exhibit a reduced ejection fraction (EF ≤ 40%), termed HFrEF. The others may be classified into HF with midrange EF (HFmrEF 40-50%) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF, EF ≥ 50%). Presentation and pathophysiology of HFpEF is heterogeneous and its management remains a challenge since evidence of therapeutic benefits on outcome is scarce. Up to now, there are no therapies improving survival in patients with HFpEF. Thus, the treatment targets symptom relief, quality of life and reduction of cardiac decompensations by controlling fluid retention and managing risk factors and comorbidities. As such, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors, diuretics, calcium channel blockers (CBB) and beta-blockers, diet and exercise recommendations are still important in HFpEF, although these interventions are not proven to reduce mortality in large randomized controlled trials. Recently, numerous new treatment targets have been identified, which are further investigated in studies using, e.g. soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators, inorganic nitrates, the angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor LCZ 696, and SGLT2 inhibitors. In addition, several devices such as the CardioMEMS, interatrial septal devices (IASD), cardiac contractility modulation (CCM), renal denervation, and baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) were investigated in different forms of HFpEF populations and some of them have the potency to offer new hopes for patients suffering from HFpEF. On the basic research field side, lot of new disease-modifying strategies are under development including anti-inflammatory drugs, mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants, new anti-fibrotic and microRNA-guided interventions are under investigation and showed already promising results. This review addresses available data of current best clinical practice and management approaches based on expert experiences and summarizes novel approaches towards HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charite, Campus Rudolf Virchow Clinic (CVK), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. .,Berliner Zentrum für Regenerative Therapien (BCRT), Charite, Campus Virchow Clinic (CVK), Berlin, Germany. .,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Standort Berlin/Charité, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christoph Birner
- Germany Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Böhm
- Innere Medizin III-Kardiologie, Angiologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Bruder
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Elisabeth Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Luchner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Clinic St. Marien, Amberg, Germany
| | - Lars Maier
- Germany Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Störk
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herzinsuffizienz, Universitätsklinikum und Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Behrouz Kherad
- Department of Cardiology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charite, Campus Rudolf Virchow Clinic (CVK), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Privatpraxis Dr. Kherad, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie im Department für Innere Medizin, Neurologie und Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Cardiovascular homeostasis dependence on MICU2, a regulatory subunit of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9096-E9104. [PMID: 29073106 PMCID: PMC5664535 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711303114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension increases the risk for development of abdominal aortic aneurysms, a silent pathology that is prone to rupture and cause sudden cardiac death. Male gender, smoking, and hypertension appear to increase risk for development of abdominal aortic aneurysms by provoking oxidative stress responses in cardiovascular tissues. Here we uncovered unexpected linkages between the calcium-sensing regulatory subunit MICU2 of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter and stress responses. We show that naive Micu2−/− mice had abnormalities of cardiac relaxation but, with modest blood pressure elevation, developed abdominal aortic aneurysms with spontaneous rupture. These findings implicate mitochondrial calcium homeostasis as a critical pathway involved in protecting cardiovascular tissues from oxidative stress. Comparative analyses of transcriptional profiles from humans and mice with cardiovascular pathologies revealed consistently elevated expression of MICU2, a regulatory subunit of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex. To determine if MICU2 expression was cardioprotective, we produced and characterized Micu2−/− mice. Mutant mice had left atrial enlargement and Micu2−/− cardiomyocytes had delayed sarcomere relaxation and cytosolic calcium reuptake kinetics, indicating diastolic dysfunction. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of Micu2−/− ventricular tissues revealed markedly reduced transcripts encoding the apelin receptor (Micu2−/− vs. wild type, P = 7.8 × 10−40), which suppresses angiotensin II receptor signaling via allosteric transinhibition. We found that Micu2−/− and wild-type mice had comparable basal blood pressures and elevated responses to angiotensin II infusion, but that Micu2−/− mice exhibited systolic dysfunction and 30% lethality from abdominal aortic rupture. Aneurysms and rupture did not occur with norepinephrine-induced hypertension. Aortic tissue from Micu2−/− mice had increased expression of extracellular matrix remodeling genes, while single-cell RNA-seq analyses showed increased expression of genes related to reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and proliferation in fibroblast and smooth muscle cells. We concluded that Micu2−/− mice recapitulate features of diastolic heart disease and define previously unappreciated roles for Micu2 in regulating angiotensin II-mediated hypertensive responses that are critical in protecting the abdominal aorta from injury.
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Lorenz K, Rosner MR, Brand T, Schmitt JP. Raf kinase inhibitor protein: lessons of a better way for β-adrenergic receptor activation in the heart. J Physiol 2017; 595:4073-4087. [PMID: 28444807 PMCID: PMC5471367 DOI: 10.1113/jp274064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) provides the most efficient physiological mechanism to enhance contraction and relaxation of the heart. Activation of βARs allows rapid enhancement of myocardial function in order to fuel the muscles for running and fighting in a fight-or-flight response. Likewise, βARs become activated during cardiovascular disease in an attempt to counteract the restrictions of cardiac output. However, long-term stimulation of βARs increases the likelihood of cardiac arrhythmias, adverse ventricular remodelling, decline of cardiac performance and premature death, thereby limiting the use of βAR agonists in the treatment of heart failure. Recently the endogenous Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) was found to activate βAR signalling of the heart without adverse effects. This review will summarize the current knowledge on RKIP-driven compared to receptor-mediated signalling in cardiomyocytes. Emphasis is given to the differential effects of RKIP on β1 - and β2 -ARs and their downstream targets, the regulation of myocyte calcium cycling and myofilament activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lorenz
- Comprehensive Heart Failure CenterUniversity of WürzburgVersbacher Straße 997078WürzburgGermany
- West German Heart and Vascular Center EssenUniversity Hospital EssenHufelandstraße 5545147EssenGermany
- Leibniz‐Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V.Bunsen‐Kirchhoff‐Straße 1144139DortmundGermany
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of WürzburgVersbacher Straße 997078WürzburgGermany
| | - Marsha Rich Rosner
- Ben May Department for Cancer ResearchUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA
| | - Theresa Brand
- Leibniz‐Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V.Bunsen‐Kirchhoff‐Straße 1144139DortmundGermany
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of WürzburgVersbacher Straße 997078WürzburgGermany
| | - Joachim P Schmitt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical PharmacologyDüsseldorf University HospitalUniverstitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID)Heinrich‐Heine‐UniversityUniverstitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
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Zhang JY, Gong Y, Yang MR, Wu J, Li ST. Effect of acute peritonitis on rocuronium-induced intraperitoneal pressure reduction and the uptake function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2707-2714. [PMID: 28587334 PMCID: PMC5450654 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported the incomplete relaxation effect of neuromuscular blockers on skeletal muscles in acute peritonitis (AP) and other inflammatory processes; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this effect have not yet been satisfactorily identified. The impaired removal of cytosolic Ca2+ through sarcoendoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and defects in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ uptake are the major contributing factors to diastolic dysfunction. Previous studies on the effects of neuromuscular blockers have primarily focused on neuromuscular transmission. Because of the reduced calcium uptake in the SR itself, even when neuromuscular transmission is fully blocked, the muscle is not able to relax effectively. In the present study, the impact of AP on rocuronium-induced intraperitoneal pressure reduction and rectus abdominal muscle relaxation, and SERCA uptake function was investigated. AP was induced via gastric perforation and changes in the intraperitoneal pressure before and after the administration of rocuronium were recorded. Muscle contractile properties, uptake and release functions and SERCA activity in the rectus abdominal muscles of AP model rats were measured. The half-relaxation time in the AP group was significantly prolonged compared with that in the control group (P<0.01). The peak rate of SR Ca2+ uptake for whole muscle homogenates was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in AP model rats without reduction of the rate of Ca2+ release evoked through AgNO3. In conclusion, gastric perforation-induced AP attenuates the intraperitoneal pressure-reducing effect of rocuronium, and AP induces diastolic dysfunction of the rectus abdominal muscle. The SR Ca2+-ATPase uptake rate was also reduced by AP.
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