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Joshi RK, Gupta R, Mishra A, Garkoti SC. Seasonal variations of leaf ecophysiological traits and strategies of co-occurring evergreen and deciduous trees in white oak forest in the central Himalaya. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:634. [PMID: 38900402 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigates the seasonal variations in leaf ecophysiological traits and strategies employed by co-occurring evergreen and deciduous tree species within a white oak forest (Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus) ecosystem in the central Himalaya. Seasonal variations in physiological, morphological, and chemical traits were observed from leaf initiation until senescence in co-occurring deciduous and evergreen tree species. We compared various parameters, including net photosynthetic capacity (Aarea and Amass), leaf stomatal conductance (gswarea and gswmass), transpiration rate (Earea and Emass), specific leaf area (SLA), mid-day water potential (Ψmd), leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentration, leaf total chlorophyll concentration, photosynthetic nitrogen- and phosphorus-use efficiency (PNUE and PPUE), and water use efficiency (WUE) across four evergreen and four deciduous tree species. Our findings reveal that evergreen and deciduous trees exhibit divergent strategies in coping with seasonal changes, which are crucial for their survival and growth. Deciduous trees consistently exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic rates, transpiration rates, mass-based N and P concentrations (Nmass and Pmass), mass-based chlorophyll concentration (Chlmass), SLA, and leaf Ψmd, while maintaining lower leaf structural investments throughout the year compared to evergreen trees. These findings indicate that deciduous trees achieve greater assimilation rates per unit mass and higher nutrient-use efficiency. Physiological, morphological, and leaf N and P concentrations were higher in the summer (fully expanded leaf) than in the fall (senesced leaf). These insights provide valuable contributions to our understanding of tree species coexistence and their ecological roles in temperate forest ecosystems, with implications for forest management and conservation in the Himalayan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kr Joshi
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rajman Gupta
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ambuj Mishra
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Satish Chandra Garkoti
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Bachofen C, Tumber-Dávila SJ, Mackay DS, McDowell NG, Carminati A, Klein T, Stocker BD, Mencuccini M, Grossiord C. Tree water uptake patterns across the globe. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38649790 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Plant water uptake from the soil is a crucial element of the global hydrological cycle and essential for vegetation drought resilience. Yet, knowledge of how the distribution of water uptake depth (WUD) varies across species, climates, and seasons is scarce relative to our knowledge of aboveground plant functions. With a global literature review, we found that average WUD varied more among biomes than plant functional types (i.e. deciduous/evergreen broadleaves and conifers), illustrating the importance of the hydroclimate, especially precipitation seasonality, on WUD. By combining records of rooting depth with WUD, we observed a consistently deeper maximum rooting depth than WUD with the largest differences in arid regions - indicating that deep taproots act as lifelines while not contributing to the majority of water uptake. The most ubiquitous observation across the literature was that woody plants switch water sources to soil layers with the highest water availability within short timescales. Hence, seasonal shifts to deep soil layers occur across the globe when shallow soils are drying out, allowing continued transpiration and hydraulic safety. While there are still significant gaps in our understanding of WUD, the consistency across global ecosystems allows integration of existing knowledge into the next generation of vegetation process models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bachofen
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Functional Plant Ecology, Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shersingh Joseph Tumber-Dávila
- Department of Environmental Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, 01316, USA
| | - D Scott Mackay
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14261, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Andrea Carminati
- Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tamir Klein
- Plant & Environmental Sciences Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, 3013, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA at CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Functional Plant Ecology, Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Li S, Agathokleous E, Li S, Xu Y, Xia J, Feng Z. Climate gradient and leaf carbon investment influence the effects of climate change on water use efficiency of forests: A meta-analysis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1070-1083. [PMID: 38018689 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystems cover a large area of the global land surface and are important carbon sinks. The water-carbon cycles of forests are prone to climate change, but uncertainties remain regarding the magnitude of water use efficiency (WUE) response to climate change and the underpinning mechanism driving WUE variation. We conducted a meta-analysis of the effects of elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2 ), drought and elevated temperature (eT) on the leaf- to plant-level WUE, covering 80 field studies and 95 tree species. The results showed that eCO2 increased leaf intrinsic and instantaneous WUE (WUEi, WUEt), whereas drought enhanced both leaf- and plant-level WUEs. eT increased WUEi but decreased carbon isotope-based WUE, possibly due to the influence of mesophyll conductance. Stimulated leaf-level WUE by drought showed a progressing trend with increasing latitude, while eCO2 -induced WUE enhancement showed decreasing trends after >40° N. These latitudinal gradients might influence the spatial pattern of climate and further drove WUE variation. Moreover, high leaf-level WUE under eCO2 and drought was accompanied by low leaf carbon contents. Such a trade-off between growth efficiency and defence suggests a potentially compromised tolerance to diseases and pests. These findings add important ecophysiological parameters into climate models to predict carbon-water cycles of forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Li
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxuan Xia
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Ampornpitak R, Nathalang A, Tor-ngern P. Water-use characteristics of Syzygium antisepticum and Adinandra integerrima in a secondary forest of Khao Yai National Park in Thailand with implications for environmental management. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16525. [PMID: 38050611 PMCID: PMC10693818 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Southeast Asia has experienced widespread deforestation and change in land use. Consequently, many reforestation projects have been initiated in this region. However, it is imperative to carefully choose the tree species for planting, especially in light of the increasing climate variability and the potential alteration of plantation on the watershed water balance. Thus, the information regarding water-use characteristics of various tree species and sizes is critical in the tree species selection for reforestation. Methods We estimated tree water use (T) of dominant species including Syzygium antisepticum and Adinandra integerrima, hereafter Sa and Ai, respectively, in a secondary tropical forest in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand, using sap flow data, and compared T between species and size classes. Additionally, we evaluated the responses of T of both species in each size class to environmental factors including soil moisture and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Results Results showed consistently higher T in Sa compared to Ai across ranges of VPD and soil moisture. Under low soil moisture, T of Sa responded to VPD, following a saturating exponential pattern while Ai maintained T across different VPD levels, irrespective of tree size. No responses of T to VPD were observed in either species when soil water was moderate. When soil moisture was high, T of both species significantly increased and saturated at high VPD, albeit the responses were less sensitive in large trees. Our results imply that Ai may be suitable for reforestation in water-limited areas where droughts frequently occur to minimize reforestation impact on water availability to downstream ecosystems. In contrast, Sa should be planted in regions with abundant and reliable water resources. However, a mixed species plantation should be generally considered to increase forest resilience to increasing climate variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchanon Ampornpitak
- International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anuttara Nathalang
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pantana Tor-ngern
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Water Science and Technology for Sustainable Environment Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Schönbeck L, Arteaga M, Mirza H, Coleman M, Mitchell D, Huang X, Ortiz H, Santiago LS. Plant physiological indicators for optimizing conservation outcomes. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad073. [PMID: 37711583 PMCID: PMC10498484 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant species of concern often occupy narrow habitat ranges, making climate change an outsized potential threat to their conservation and restoration. Understanding the physiological status of a species during stress has the potential to elucidate current risk and provide an outlook on population maintenance. However, the physiological status of a plant can be difficult to interpret without a reference point, such as the capacity to tolerate stress before loss of function, or mortality. We address the application of plant physiology to conservation biology by distinguishing between two physiological approaches that together determine plant status in relation to environmental conditions and evaluate the capacity to avoid stress-induced loss of function. Plant physiological status indices, such as instantaneous rates of photosynthetic gas exchange, describe the level of physiological activity in the plant and are indicative of physiological health. When such measurements are combined with a reference point that reflects the maximum value or environmental limits of a parameter, such as the temperature at which photosynthesis begins to decline due to high temperature stress, we can better diagnose the proximity to potentially damaging thresholds. Here, we review a collection of useful plant status and reference point measurements related to photosynthesis, water relations and mineral nutrition, which can contribute to plant conservation physiology. We propose that these measurements can serve as important additional information to more commonly used phenological and morphological parameters, as the proposed parameters will reveal early warning signals before they are visible. We discuss their implications in the context of changing temperature, water and nutrient supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Schönbeck
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Marc Arteaga
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Humera Mirza
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Mitchell Coleman
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Tejon Ranch Conservancy, Frazier Park, CA 93225, USA
| | - Denise Mitchell
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Haile Ortiz
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Louis S Santiago
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092. Balboa, Ancon, Panama, Republic of Panama
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6
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Schönauer M, Hietz P, Schuldt B, Rewald B. Root and branch hydraulic functioning and trait coordination across organs in drought-deciduous and evergreen tree species of a subtropical highland forest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1127292. [PMID: 37377798 PMCID: PMC10291250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1127292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Vessel traits are key in understanding trees' hydraulic efficiency, and related characteristics like growth performance and drought tolerance. While most plant hydraulic studies have focused on aboveground organs, our understanding of root hydraulic functioning and trait coordination across organs remains limited. Furthermore, studies from seasonally dry (sub-)tropical ecosystems and mountain forests are virtually lacking and uncertainties remain regarding potentially different hydraulic strategies of plants differing in leaf habit. Here, we compared wood anatomical traits and specific hydraulic conductivities between coarse roots and small branches of five drought-deciduous and eight evergreen angiosperm tree species in a seasonally dry subtropical Afromontane forest in Ethiopia. We hypothesized that largest vessels and highest hydraulic conductivities are found in roots, with greater vessel tapering between roots and equally-sized branches in evergreen angiosperms due to their drought-tolerating strategy. We further hypothesized that the hydraulic efficiencies of root and branches cannot be predicted from wood density, but that wood densities across organs are generally related. Root-to-branch ratios of conduit diameters varied between 0.8 and 2.8, indicating considerable differences in tapering from coarse roots to small branches. While deciduous trees showed larger branch xylem vessels compared to evergreen angiosperms, root-to-branch ratios were highly variable within both leaf habit types, and evergreen species did not show a more pronounced degree of tapering. Empirically determined hydraulic conductivity and corresponding root-to-branch ratios were similar between both leaf habit types. Wood density of angiosperm roots was negatively related to hydraulic efficiency and vessel dimensions; weaker relationships were found in branches. Wood density of small branches was neither related to stem nor coarse root wood densities. We conclude that in seasonally dry subtropical forests, similar-sized coarse roots hold larger xylem vessels than small branches, but the degree of tapering from roots to branches is highly variable. Our results indicate that leaf habit does not necessarily influence the relationship between coarse root and branch hydraulic traits. However, larger conduits in branches and a low carbon investment in less dense wood may be a prerequisite for high growth rates of drought-deciduous trees during their shortened growing season. The correlation of stem and root wood densities with root hydraulic traits but not branch wood points toward large trade-offs in branch xylem towards mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Schönauer
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Forest Work Science and Engineering, Department of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Hietz
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Chair of Forest Botany, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Technical University of Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Qin J, Si J, Jia B, Zhao C, Zhou D, He X, Wang C, Zhu X. Water use strategies of Ferula bungeana on mega-dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:957421. [PMID: 36561438 PMCID: PMC9763701 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.957421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In desert ecosystems, ephemeral plants have developed specialized water use strategies in response to long-term natural water stress. To examine the water use strategies of desert ephemeral plants under natural extreme drought conditions, we investigated the water absorption sources, water potential, hydraulic conductivity, and water use efficiency of Ferula bungeana at different elevations on the slopes of mega-dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert, Inner Mongolia, during a period of extreme drought. We found that the water utilized by F. bungeana was mostly absorbed from the 0-60 cm soil layers (80.47 ± 4.28%). With progression of the growing season, the source of water changed from the 0-30 cm soil layer to the 30-60 cm layer. The water potentials of the leaves, stems, and roots of F. bungeana were found to be characterized by clear diurnal and monthly variation, which were restricted by water availability and the hydraulic conductivity of different parts of the plant. The root hydraulic conductivity of F. bungeana was found to be considerably greater than that of the canopy, both of which showed significant diurnal and monthly variation. The water use efficiency of F. bungeana under extreme drought conditions was relatively high, particularly during the early and late stages of the growing season. Variations in water availability led to the regulation of water uptake and an adjustment of internal water conduction, which modified plant water use efficiency. These observations tend to indicate that the water use strategies of F. bungeana are mainly associated with the growth stage of plants, whereas the distribution pattern of plants on mega-dunes appeared to have comparatively little influence. Our findings on the water use of ephemeral plants highlight the adaptive mechanisms of these plants in desert habitats and provide a theoretical basis for selecting plants suitable for the restoration and reconstruction of desert ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Si
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongmeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinglin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Santos EA, Haro-Carrión X, Oshun J. Age-specific and species-specific tree response to seasonal drought in tropical dry forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157908. [PMID: 35944638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people depend on ecosystem services provided by Tropical Dry Forests (TDFs), yet their proximity to population centers, seasonally dry climate, and the ease at which they are converted to agriculture has left only 10 % of their original extent globally. As more TDFs become protected, basic information relating TDF age to subsurface water resources will help guide forest recovery. Severe deforestation and recent reforestation around Bahía de Caráquez, Ecuador produced a mosaic of different successional stages ideal for exploring relationships between TDF age, subsurface water availability and species-specific responses to seasonal drought. Over one year, we measured gravimetric water content, predawn and midday leaf water potential, and the stable isotope composition of xylem and source waters in two regenerating and one primary forest. Over the transition from wet to dry season, we discovered a sharper decrease in predawn water potential in younger successional forests than in the primary forest. Growing in degraded subsurface environments under increased competition, successional forest trees accessed deeper sources of moisture from unsaturated weathered bedrock and groundwater through the dry season; however, different species employed distinct water use strategies. Ceiba trichistandra maintained midday water potentials above -1.27 MPa through a drought avoidance strategy dependent on groundwater. Sideroxylon celastrinum tolerated drought by lowering predawn and midday water potential through the early dry season but took up greater proportions of saprolite moisture and groundwater as the dry season progressed. Contrastingly, Handroanthus chrysanthus maintained access to shallow soil and saprolite moisture by dropping midday water potential to -4.30 MPa, reflecting drought tolerance. Our results show that limited subsurface water resources in regenerating TDF's lead to species-specific adaptations reliant on deeper sources of moisture. The recovery of soil and saprolite hydrologic properties following disturbances is likely to exceed 100 years, highlighting the importance of forest conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Santos
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
| | | | - Jasper Oshun
- U.S. Fulbright Scholar and Visiting Professor at the Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Lima, Peru
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Harenčár JG, Ávila‐Lovera E, Goldsmith GR, Chen GF, Kay KM. Flexible drought deciduousness in a neotropical understory herb. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1262-1272. [PMID: 35862815 PMCID: PMC9545341 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Adaptive divergence across environmental gradients is a key driver of speciation. Precipitation seasonality gradients are common in the tropics, yet drought adaptation is nearly unexplored in neotropical understory herbs. Here, we examined two recently diverged neotropical spiral gingers, one adapted to seasonal drought and one reliant on perennial water, to uncover the basis of drought adaptation. METHODS We combined ecophysiological trait measurements in the field and greenhouse with experimental and observational assessments of real-time drought response to determine how Costus villosissimus (Costaceae) differs from C. allenii to achieve drought adaptation. RESULTS We found that drought-adapted C. villosissimus has several characteristics indicating flexible dehydration avoidance via semi-drought-deciduousness and a fast economic strategy. Although the two species do not differ in water-use efficiency, C. villosissimus has a more rapid growth rate, lower leaf mass per area, lower stem density, higher leaf nitrogen, and a strong trend of greater light-saturated photosynthetic rates. These fast economic strategy traits align with both field-based observations and experimental dry-down results. During drought, C. villosissimus displays facultative drought-deciduousness, losing lower leaves during the dry season and rapidly growing new leaves in the wet season. CONCLUSIONS We revealed a drought adaptation strategy that has not, to our knowledge, previously been documented in tropical herbs. This divergent drought adaptation evolved recently and is an important component of reproductive isolation between C. villosissimus and C. allenii, indicating that adaptive shifts to survive seasonal drought may be an underappreciated axis of neotropical understory plant diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G. Harenčár
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of California, Santa CruzSanta CruzCA95060USA
| | - Eleinis Ávila‐Lovera
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartado Postal 0843‐03092Panamá, República de Panamá
- Schmid College of Science and TechnologyChapman UniversityOrangeCA92866USA
| | | | - Grace F. Chen
- Department of BiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC27858USA
| | - Kathleen M. Kay
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of California, Santa CruzSanta CruzCA95060USA
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10
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Sanaphre-Villanueva L, Pineda-García F, Dáttilo W, Pinzón-Pérez LF, Ricaño-Rocha A, Paz H. Above- and below-ground trait coordination in tree seedlings depend on the most limiting resource: a test comparing a wet and a dry tropical forest in Mexico. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13458. [PMID: 35722267 PMCID: PMC9205306 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of above- and below-ground organ plant coordination is crucial for understanding the biophysical constraints and trade-offs involved in species' performance under different environmental conditions. Environmental stress is expected to increase constraints on species trait combinations, resulting in stronger coordination among the organs involved in the acquisition and processing of the most limiting resource. To test this hypothesis, we compared the coordination of trait combinations in 94 tree seedling species from two tropical forest systems in Mexico: dry and moist. In general, we expected that the water limitation experienced by dry forest species would result in stronger leaf-stem-root coordination than light limitation experienced by moist forest species. Using multiple correlations analyses and tools derived from network theory, we found similar functional trait coordination between forests. However, the most important traits differed between the forest types. While in the dry forest the most central traits were all related to water storage (leaf and stem water content and root thickness), in the moist forest they were related to the capacity to store water in leaves (leaf water content), root efficiency to capture resources (specific root length), and stem toughness (wood density). Our findings indicate that there is a shift in the relative importance of mechanisms to face the most limiting resource in contrasting tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Sanaphre-Villanueva
- Centro del Cambio Global y la Sustentabilidad A.C., Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Fernando Pineda-García
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Luisa Fernanda Pinzón-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Arlett Ricaño-Rocha
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Horacio Paz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México,Laboratorio Nacional de Innovación Ecotecnológica para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México,Center for Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry and the Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
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11
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Water Uptake Pattern by Coniferous Forests in Two Habitats Linked to Precipitation Changes in Subtropical Monsoon Climate Region, China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Variations in precipitation patterns under climate changes influence water availability, which has important implications for plants’ water use and the sustainability of vegetation. However, the water uptake patterns of the main forest species under different temporal spatial conditions of water availability remain poorly understood, especially in areas of high temporal spatial heterogeneity, such as the subtropical monsoon climate region of China. We investigated the water uptake patterns and physiological factors of the most widespread and coniferous forest species, Cunninghamia lanceolata L. and Pinus massoniana L., in the early wet season with short drought (NP), high antecedent precipitation (HP), and low antecedent precipitation (LP), as well as in the early dry season (DP), in edaphic and rocky habitats. The results showed that the two species mainly absorbed soil water from shallow layers, even in the short drought period in the wet season and switched to deeper layers in the early dry season in both habitats. It was noted that the trees utilized deep layers water in edaphic habitats when the antecedent rainfall was high. The two species showed no significant differences in water uptake depth, but exhibited notably distinct leaf water potential behavior. C. lanceolata maintained less negative predawn and midday water potential, whereas P. massoniana showed higher diurnal water potential ranges. Moreover, the water potential of P. massoniana was negatively associated with the antecedent precipitation amount. These results indicate that for co-existing species in these communities, there is significant eco-physiological niche segregation but no eco-hydrological segregation. For tree species in two habitats, the water uptake depth was influenced by the avaliable soil water but the physiological factors were unchanged, and were determined by the species’ genes. Furthermore, during the long drought in the growing season, we observed probable divergent responses of C. lanceolata and P. massoniana, such as growth restriction for the former and hydraulic failure for the latter. However, when the precipitation was heavy and long, these natural species were able to increase the ecohydrological linkages between the ecosystem and the deep-layer system in this edaphic habitat.
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12
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Luo Z, Fan J, Shao M. 地球关键带基岩风化层生态水文研究进展. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Luna‐Nieves AL, González EJ, Cortés‐Flores J, Ibarra‐Manríquez G, Maldonado‐Romo A, Meave JA. Interplay of environmental cues and wood density in the vegetative and reproductive phenology of seasonally dry tropical forest trees. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana L. Luna‐Nieves
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Edgar J. González
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Jorge Cortés‐Flores
- Jardín Botánico Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ibarra‐Manríquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Mich. Mexico
| | - Axel Maldonado‐Romo
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México Mexico
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14
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Rahman AANS, Rahman M, Shimanto MH, Kibria MG, Islam M. Stomatal size and density trade-off varies with leaf phenology and species shade tolerance in a South Asian moist tropical forest. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:307-318. [PMID: 35130475 DOI: 10.1071/fp21159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The density and guard cell length of stomata regulate the physiological processes in plants. Yet, the variation of stomatal characteristics among different functional groups of trees is not been well understood. Particularly, a comprehensive understanding of stomatal behaviour in Bangladeshi moist forest trees is lacking. The study investigated how abaxial stomatal density (SD) and guard cell length (GCL) vary among tree functional types and leaf phenological groups in a moist tropical forest of Bangladesh. Cluster dendrogram revealed three groups of species based on SD and GCL. The independent sample t -test showed that there was a significant difference in SD between evergreen and deciduous tree species (t =4.18, P <0.001) but no significant difference in GCL between the two phenological groups. ANOVA revealed no significant difference in SD among the light demanding, intermediate shade tolerant and shade tolerant species (F =0.76, P =0.47). However, GCL significantly differed among the three functional groups (F =3.3, P <0.05). Maximum theoretical stomatal conductance (g max ) varied between evergreen and deciduous species but did not vary with species shade tolerance. In general, there was a significant trade-off between SD and GCL. However, the inverse relationship was stronger in deciduous and shade tolerant species than in evergreen and shade intolerant species. Leaf dry matter content was positively related with SD and negatively related with GCL. Specific leaf area and leaf thickness were not related to the stomatal traits. Our analyses suggest that leaf phenology and species shade tolerance need to be considered while estimating gas exchange through the stomata in tropical moist forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al-Nur Shanto Rahman
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan Shimanto
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Golam Kibria
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmuda Islam
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
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15
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Leaf Traits and Water-Use Characteristics of Impatiens hainanensis, a Limestone-Endemic Plant under Different Altitudes in Dry and Foggy Seasons. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The southwestern mountains of Hainan Island are distributed in the southernmost tropical karst landscape of China, and the unique hydrological structure and frequent solifluction droughts lead to double water stress for local plants. Highly heterogeneous water environments affect the water–use characteristics of plants. Plants develop local adaptative mechanisms in response to changes in the external environment. In this paper, hydrogen–oxygen and carbon stable isotope technology, and physiological index measurements were applied to determine the leaf traits, water–use efficiency, and photosynthetic characteristics of Impatiens hainanensis leaves in dry and foggy seasons, hoping to expound the adaptation mechanism of I. hainanensis leaves to the water dynamics in dry and foggy seasons. In dry and foggy seasons (November 2018 to April 2019), the leaves of I. hainanensis at low and medium altitudes have the following combination of traits: larger leaf dry weights, leaf areas, and specific leaf areas; smaller leaf thicknesses and leaf dry matter contents; and higher chlorophyll contents. In comparison, the leaves of I. hainanensis at high altitudes have the following combination of traits: smaller leaf dry weights, leaf areas, and specific leaf areas; larger leaf thicknesses and leaf dry matter contents; and lower chlorophyll contents. The leaves of I. hainanensis can absorb fog water through their leaves. When the leaves are sprayed with distilled water, the water potential is low, the water potential value gradually increases, and the leaves have a higher rate of water absorption. The leaves of I. hainanensis at low and medium altitudes have the following water–use characteristics: high photosynthesis, high transpiration, and low water–use efficiency. At high altitudes, the Pn of I. hainanensis decreases by 8.43% relative to at low altitudes and by 7.84% relative to at middle altitudes; the Tr decreased by 4.21% relative to at low altitudes and by 3.38% relative to at middle altitude; the WUE increased by 16.61% relative to at low altitudes and increased by 40.79% relative to at middle altitudes. The leaves of I. hainanensis at high altitudes have the following water–use characteristics: low photosynthesis, low transpiration, and high water–use efficiency. I. hainanensis develop different physiological mechanisms of water adaptation by weighing the traits of the leaves and their use of light and water to obtain resources during dry and foggy seasons.
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16
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Vargas G G, Brodribb TJ, Dupuy JM, González-M R, Hulshof CM, Medvigy D, Allerton TAP, Pizano C, Salgado-Negret B, Schwartz NB, Van Bloem SJ, Waring BG, Powers JS. Beyond leaf habit: generalities in plant function across 97 tropical dry forest tree species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:148-161. [PMID: 34171131 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf habit has been hypothesized to define a linkage between the slow-fast plant economic spectrum and the drought resistance-avoidance trade-off in tropical forests ('slow-safe vs fast-risky'). However, variation in hydraulic traits as a function of leaf habit has rarely been explored for a large number of species. We sampled leaf and branch functional traits of 97 tropical dry forest tree species from four sites to investigate whether patterns of trait variation varied consistently in relation to leaf habit along the 'slow-safe vs fast-risky' trade-off. Leaf habit explained from 0% to 43.69% of individual trait variation. We found that evergreen and semi-deciduous species differed in their location along the multivariate trait ordination when compared to deciduous species. While deciduous species showed consistent trait values, evergreen species trait values varied as a function of the site. Last, trait values varied in relation to the proportion of deciduous species in the plant community. We found that leaf habit describes the strategies that define drought avoidance and plant economics in tropical trees. However, leaf habit alone does not explain patterns of trait variation, which suggests quantifying site-specific or species-specific uncertainty in trait variation as the way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Vargas G
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Tim J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Juan M Dupuy
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43 # 130 entre 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán, CP 97205, México
| | - Roy González-M
- Programa Ciencias de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Carrera #1 16-20, Bogotá, 111311, Colombia
| | - Catherine M Hulshof
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - David Medvigy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Tristan A P Allerton
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, PO Box 596, Georgetown, SC, 29442, USA
| | - Camila Pizano
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad ICESI, Calle 18 # 122-135, Cali, 760031, Colombia
| | - Beatriz Salgado-Negret
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 Calle 45, Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| | - Naomi B Schwartz
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Skip J Van Bloem
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, PO Box 596, Georgetown, SC, 29442, USA
| | - Bonnie G Waring
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Jennifer S Powers
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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17
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How Can Litter Modify the Fluxes of CO2 and CH4 from Forest Soils? A Mini-Review. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12091276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Forests contribute strongly to global carbon (C) sequestration and the exchange of greenhouse gases (GHG) between the soil and the atmosphere. Whilst the microbial activity of forest soils is a major determinant of net GHG exchange, this may be modified by the presence of litter through a range of mechanisms. Litter may act as a physical barrier modifying gas exchange, water movement/retention and temperature/irradiance fluctuations; provide a source of nutrients for microbes; enhance any priming effects, and facilitate macro-aggregate formation. Moreover, any effects are influenced by litter quality and regulated by tree species, climatic conditions (rainfall, temperature), and forest management (clear-cutting, fertilization, extensive deforestation). Based on climate change projections, the importance of the litter layer is likely to increase due to an litter increase and changes in quality. Future studies will therefore have to take into account the effects of litter on soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes for various types of forests globally, including the impact of climate change, insect infestation, and shifts in tree species composition, as well as a better understanding of its role in monoterpene production, which requires the integration of microbiological studies conducted on soils in different climatic zones.
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18
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Wright CL, de Lima ALA, de Souza ES, West JB, Wilcox BP. Plant functional types broadly describe water use strategies in the Caatinga, a seasonally dry tropical forest in northeast Brazil. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:11808-11825. [PMID: 34522343 PMCID: PMC8427645 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In seasonally dry tropical forests, plant functional type can be classified as deciduous low wood density, deciduous high wood density, or evergreen high wood density species. While deciduousness is often associated with drought-avoidance and low wood density is often associated with tissue water storage, the degree to which these functional types may correspond to diverging and unique water use strategies has not been extensively tested.We examined (a) tolerance to water stress, measured by predawn and mid-day leaf water potential; (b) water use efficiency, measured via foliar δ13C; and (c) access to soil water, measured via stem water δ18O.We found that deciduous low wood density species maintain high leaf water potential and low water use efficiency. Deciduous high wood density species have lower leaf water potential and variable water use efficiency. Both groups rely on shallow soil water. Evergreen high wood density species have low leaf water potential, higher water use efficiency, and access alternative water sources. These findings indicate that deciduous low wood density species are drought avoiders, with a specialized strategy for storing root and stem water. Deciduous high wood density species are moderately drought tolerant, and evergreen high wood density species are the most drought tolerant group.Synthesis. Our results broadly support the plant functional type framework as a way to understand water use strategies, but also highlight species-level differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L. Wright
- Environmental Sciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Ecology and Conservation BiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - André L. A. de Lima
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada (UFRPE/UAST)Serra TalhadaBrasil
| | - Eduardo S. de Souza
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada (UFRPE/UAST)Serra TalhadaBrasil
| | - Jason B. West
- Ecology and Conservation BiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Bradford P. Wilcox
- Ecology and Conservation BiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
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19
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Defaunation and changes in climate and fire frequency have synergistic effects on aboveground biomass loss in the brazilian savanna. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Flores-Tolentino M, Beltrán-Rodríguez L, Morales-Linares J, Ramírez Rodríguez JR, Ibarra-Manríquez G, Dorado Ó, Villaseñor JL. Biogeographic regionalization by spatial and environmental components: Numerical proposal. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253152. [PMID: 34129612 PMCID: PMC8205180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regionalization through the analysis of species groups offers important advantages in conservation biology, compared to the single taxon approach in areas of high species richness. We use a systematic framework for biogeographic regionalization at a regional scale based on species turnover and environmental drivers (climate variables and soil properties) mainly of herbaceous plant species richness. To identify phytogeographic regions in the Balsas Depression (BD), we use Asteraceae species, a family widely distributed in Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest (SDTF) and the most diverse of the vascular plants in Mexico. Occurrence records of 571 species were used to apply a quantitative analysis based on the species turnover, the rate of changes in their composition between sites (β-Simpson index) and the analysis of the identified environmental drivers. Also, the environmental predictors that influence species richness in the SDTF were determined with a redundancy analysis. We identified and named two phytogeographic districts within the SDTF of the BD (Upper Balsas and Lower Balsas). According to the multi-response permutation procedure, floristic composition of the two districts differs significantly, and the richness of exclusive species in Upper Balsas was higher (292 species) than in the Lower Balsas (32 species). The proportion of Mg and Ca in the soil and the precipitation of the driest three-month period were the environmental factors with greatest positive influence on species richness. The division of geographic districts subordinated to the province level, based on diverse families such as Asteraceae, proved to be appropriate to set up strategies for the conservation of the regional flora, since at this scale, variation in species richness is more evident. Our findings are consistent with a growing body of biogeographic literature that indicates that the identification of smaller biotic districts is more efficient for the conservation of biodiversity, particularly of endemic or rare plants, whose distribution responds more to microhabitats variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Flores-Tolentino
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Beltrán-Rodríguez
- Jardín Botánico–Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jonas Morales-Linares
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - J. Rolando Ramírez Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Óscar Dorado
- Centro de Educación Ambiental e Investigación Sierra de Huautla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - José Luis Villaseñor
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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21
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Palomo-Kumul J, Valdez-Hernández M, Islebe GA, Cach-Pérez MJ, Andrade JL. El Niño-Southern Oscillation affects the water relations of tree species in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10451. [PMID: 34001943 PMCID: PMC8129073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of ENSO 2015/16 on the water relations of eight tree species in seasonally dry tropical forests of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The functional traits: wood density, relative water content in wood, xylem water potential and specific leaf area were recorded during the rainy season and compared in three consecutive years: 2015 (pre-ENSO conditions), 2016 (ENSO conditions) and 2017 (post-ENSO conditions). We analyzed tree size on the capacity to respond to water deficit, considering young and mature trees, and if this response is distinctive in species with different leaf patterns in seasonally dry tropical forests distributed along a precipitation gradient (700–1200 mm year−1). These traits showed a strong decrease in all species in response to water stress in 2016, mainly in the driest site. Deciduous species had lower wood density, higher predawn water potential and higher specific leaf area than evergreen species. In all cases, mature trees were more tolerant to drought. In the driest site, there was a significant reduction in water status, regardless of their leaf phenology, indicating that seasonally dry tropical forests are highly vulnerable to ENSO. Vulnerability of deciduous species is intensified in the driest areas and in the youngest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Palomo-Kumul
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Unidad Chetumal, Herbario, 77014, Chetumal, Q Roo, México
| | - Mirna Valdez-Hernández
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Unidad Chetumal, Herbario, 77014, Chetumal, Q Roo, México.
| | - Gerald A Islebe
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Unidad Chetumal, Herbario, 77014, Chetumal, Q Roo, México
| | - Manuel J Cach-Pérez
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, CONACYT-El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Unidad Villahermosa, 86280, Villahermosa, TAB, México
| | - José Luis Andrade
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Recursos Naturales A.C., 97205, Mérida, YUC, México
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22
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Zhang P, McDowell NG, Zhou X, Wang W, Leff RT, Pivovaroff AL, Zhang H, Chow PS, Ward ND, Indivero J, Yabusaki SB, Waichler S, Bailey VL. Declining carbohydrate content of Sitka-spruce treesdying from seawater exposure. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1682-1696. [PMID: 33893814 PMCID: PMC8133543 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing sea levels associated with climate change threaten the survival of coastal forests, yet the mechanisms by which seawater exposure causes tree death remain poorly understood. Despite the potentially crucial role of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) reserves in tree survival, their dynamics in the process of death under seawater exposure are unknown. Here we monitored progressive tree mortality and associated NSC storage in Sitka-spruce (Picea sitchensis) trees dying under ecosystem-scale increases in seawater exposure in western Washington, USA. All trees exposed to seawater, because of monthly tidal intrusion, experienced declining crown foliage during the sampling period, and individuals with a lower percentage of live foliated crown (PLFC) died faster. Tree PLFC was strongly correlated with subsurface salinity and needle ion contents. Total NSC concentrations in trees declined remarkably with crown decline, and reached extremely low levels at tree death (2.4% and 1.6% in leaves and branches, respectively, and 0.4% in stems and roots). Starch in all tissues was almost completely consumed, while sugars remained at a homeostatic level in foliage. The decreasing NSC with closer proximity to death and near zero starch at death are evidences that carbon starvation occurred during Sitka-spruce mortality during seawater exposure. Our results highlight the importance of carbon storage as an indicator of tree mortality risks under seawater exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4236, USA
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Author for communication:
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Riley T Leff
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Alexandria L Pivovaroff
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Pak S Chow
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - Nicholas D Ward
- Marine Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington 98382, USA
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Julia Indivero
- Marine Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington 98382, USA
| | - Steven B Yabusaki
- Earth Systems Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Scott Waichler
- Earth Systems Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Vanessa L Bailey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
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Zhang J, Deng L, Jiang H, Peng C, Huang C, Zhang M, Zhang X. The effects of elevated CO 2, elevated O 3, elevated temperature, and drought on plant leaf gas exchanges: a global meta-analysis of experimental studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:15274-15289. [PMID: 33236300 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Global change significantly influences plant leaf gas exchange, which affects the carbon-water cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. However, the magnitudes of the effects of multiple global change factors on leaf gas exchanges are currently lacking. Therefore, a global meta-analysis of 337 published articles was conducted to determine the effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2), elevated O3 (eO3), elevated temperature (eT), and drought on plant leaf gas exchanges. The results indicated that (1) the overall responses of photosynthesis rate (Pn) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi) to eCO2 increased by 28.6% and 58.6%. But transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (gs) responded negatively to eCO2 (- 17.5% and - 17.2%, respectively). Furthermore, all Pn, gs, and WUEi responded negatively to eO3 (- 32.7%, - 24.6%, and - 27.1%), eT (- 23.2%, - 10.8%, and - 28.9%), and drought (- 53.6%, - 59.3%, and - 4.6%, respectively), regardless of functional groups and various complex experimental conditions. (2) Elevated CO2 increased WUEi combined with eO3, eT, and drought (26.6%, 36.0%, and 58.6%, respectively, for eCO2 + eO3, eCO2 + eT, and eCO2 + drought) and mitigated their negative impacts on Pn to some extent. (3) Plant form and foliage type play an important role in the responses of leaf gas exchanges. Trees responded mostly to eCO2, but responded least to eT in Pn, Tr, gs, and WUEi compared with shrubs and herbs. Evergreen broad-leaved species were more responsive to eCO2 and drought. (4) The stress level of each factor can also significantly influence the responses of leaf gas exchanges to environment change. Hopefully, the quantitative results are helpful for the further assessments of the terrestrial carbon-water cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Zhang
- School of Urban and Environment Science, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, 211200, China
- International Institutes for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Center of CEF/ESCER, Department of Biological Science, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- International Institutes for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Changhui Peng
- Center of CEF/ESCER, Department of Biological Science, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chunbo Huang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minxia Zhang
- International Institutes for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- International Institutes for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Ding Y, Nie Y, Chen H, Wang K, Querejeta JI. Water uptake depth is coordinated with leaf water potential, water-use efficiency and drought vulnerability in karst vegetation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1339-1353. [PMID: 32989748 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Root access to bedrock water storage or groundwater is an important trait allowing plant survival in seasonally dry environments. However, the degree of coordination between water uptake depth, leaf-level water-use efficiency (WUEi) and water potential in drought-prone plant communities is not well understood. We conducted a 135-d rainfall exclusion experiment in a subtropical karst ecosystem with thin skeletal soils to evaluate the responses of 11 co-occurring woody species of contrasting life forms and leaf habits to a severe drought during the wet growing season. Marked differences in xylem water isotopic composition during drought revealed distinct ecohydrological niche separation among species. The contrasting behaviour of leaf water potential in coexisting species during drought was largely explained by differences in root access to deeper, temporally stable water sources. Smaller-diameter species with shallower water uptake, more negative water potentials and lower WUEi showed extensive drought-induced canopy defoliation and/or mortality. By contrast, larger-diameter species with deeper water uptake, higher leaf-level WUEi and more isohydric behaviour survived drought with only moderate canopy defoliation. Severe water limitation imposes strong environmental filtering and/or selective pressures resulting in tight coordination between tree diameter, water uptake depth, iso/anisohydric behaviour, WUEi and drought vulnerability in karst plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, Guangxi, 547100, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunpeng Nie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, Guangxi, 547100, China
| | - Hongsong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, Guangxi, 547100, China
| | - Kelin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, Guangxi, 547100, China
| | - José I Querejeta
- Soil and Water Conservation Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, E30100, Spain
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25
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Time A, Acevedo E. Effects of Water Deficits on Prosopis tamarugo Growth, Water Status and Stomata Functioning. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:plants10010053. [PMID: 33383674 PMCID: PMC7823844 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of water deficit on growth, water status and stomatal functioning of Prosopis tamarugo was investigated under controlled water conditions. The study was done at the Antumapu Experiment Station of the University of Chile. Three levels of water stress were tested: (i) well-watered (WW), (ii) medium stress intensity (low-watered (LW)) and (iii) intense stress (non-watered (NW)), with 10 replicates each level. All growth parameters evaluated, such as twig growth, specific leaf area and apical dominance index, were significantly decreased under water deficit. Tamarugo twig growth decreased along with twig water potential. The stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation decreased significantly under the water deficit condition. Tamarugo maintained a high stomatal conductance at low leaf water potential. In addition, tamarugo reduced its leaf area as a strategy to diminish the water demand. These results suggest that, despite a significant decrease in water status, tamarugo can maintain its growth at low leaf water potential and can tolerate intense water deficit due to a partial stomatal closing strategy that allows the sustaining of CO2 assimilation in the condition of reduced water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alson Time
- Programa Magister en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa, La Pintana, Santiago 11315, Chile
- Laboratory Relation Soil-Water-Plant (SAP), Department of Agricultural Production, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 1004, Chile
| | - Edmundo Acevedo
- Laboratory Relation Soil-Water-Plant (SAP), Department of Agricultural Production, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 1004, Chile
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de Souza BC, Carvalho ECD, Oliveira RS, de Araujo FS, de Lima ALA, Rodal MJN. Drought response strategies of deciduous and evergreen woody species in a seasonally dry neotropical forest. Oecologia 2020; 194:221-236. [PMID: 32965523 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Deciduous and evergreen trees are usually considered the main coexisting functional groups in seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF). We compared leaf and stem traits of 22 woody species in the Brazilian Caatinga to investigate whether deciduous (DC) and evergreen (EV) species have divergent water-use strategies. Our hypothesis was that DC trees compensate for their short leaf longevity by being less conservative in water use and showing higher variation in the seasonal water potential after leaf shedding. Evergreen species should exhibit a highly conservative water use strategy, which reduces variations in seasonal water potential and the negative effects of desiccation. Our leaf dynamics results indicate that the crown area of DC trees is more sensitive to air and soil drought, whereas EV trees are only sensitive to soil drought. Deciduous species exhibit differences in a set of leaf traits confirming their acquisitive strategy, which contrasts with evergreen species. However, when stomatal traits are considered, we found that DC and EV have similar stomatal regulation strategies (partially isohydric). We also found divergent physiological strategies within DC. For high wood density DC, the xylem water potential (Ψxylem) continued to drop during the dry season. We also found a negative linear relationship between leaf life span (LL) and the transpiration rate per unit of hydraulic conductivity (Λ), indicating that species with high LL are less vulnerable to hydraulic conductivity loss than early-deciduous species. Collectively, our results indicate divergence in the physiology of deciduous species, which suggests that categorizing species based solely on their leaf phenology may be an oversimplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cruz de Souza
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Science Center, Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - Ellen Cristina Dantas Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Science Center, Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | | | - André Luiz Alves de Lima
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Campus of Serra Talhada, Serra Talhada, 56909-535, Brazil
| | - Maria Jesus Nogueira Rodal
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Botany Sector, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil.
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Ma X, Chen H, Nie Y. Common Species Maintain a Large Root Radial Extent and a Stable Resource Use Status in Soil-Limited Environments: A Case Study in Subtropical China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1260. [PMID: 32973830 PMCID: PMC7472101 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coarse root systems provide a framework for water and nutrient absorption from the soil and play an important role in plant survival in harsh environments. However, the adaptions of plant roots in soil-limited environments with low water storage capacity and nutrient content needs to be better understood. The adaptation strategies of two common plant species (a deciduous tree Platycarya longipes and an evergreen shrub Tirpitzia ovoidea) from two contrasting habitats (a shallow rocky soil and a nearby deep soil) in a karst region of subtropical China were compared and analyzed. Foliar nutrient concentrations, stoichiometry, stable carbon, and oxygen isotopes were used to determine plant nutrient and water use status across these two habitats. Six indexes, including maximum root depth, maximum root radial extent, number of major roots and secondary roots, and tapering rate and curvature, were all investigated to characterize coarse root systems. Results show that both species exhibited similar nutrient and water use status in the two habitats that had contrasting water holding capacity and available nutrient content. On the other hand, although maximum root depths of the individual plants were not deeper than 33 cm, maximum radial extents were much larger when compared to rooting depths. Specifically, the ratio of radial extent to depth in the soil-limited habitat was approximately 6 and 1.5 times higher than that in the deep-soil habitat for the tree and shrub, respectively. Additionally, especially for the tree, a larger root radial extent was further accompanied by lower root tapering rate and bending levels. Our results provided evidence that plants growing in soil-limited environments maintain a stable resource use status along with large radially extended coarse root systems in humid karst regions like southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, China
| | - Yunpeng Nie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, China
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28
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di Francescantonio D, Villagra M, Goldstein G, Campanello PI. Drought and frost resistance vary between evergreen and deciduous Atlantic Forest canopy trees. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:779-791. [PMID: 32513382 DOI: 10.1071/fp19282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Frost and drought are key stress factors limiting the growth and distribution of tree species. Resistance to stress involves energy costs that may result in trade-offs between different functional traits. Structures or mechanisms that can help to withstand stress imply differences in the carbon economy of the species. Although adaptive responses to frost and drought resistance are usually of a similar nature, they are rarely assessed simultaneously. We investigated these resistance mechanisms in 10 canopy tree species coexisting in the semi-deciduous subtropical forests of northern Argentina. We measured leaf lifespan, anatomical, photosynthetic and water relations traits and performed a thermal analysis in leaves to determined ice nucleation and tissue damage temperatures. Our results showed that evergreen and deciduous species have different adaptive responses to cope with freezing temperatures and water deficits. Evergreen species exhibited cold tolerance, while deciduous species were more resistant to hydraulic dysfunction and showed greater water transport efficiency. Further research is needed to elucidate resistance strategies to stress factors at the whole tree- and stand level, and possible links with hydraulic safety and efficiency among different phenological groups. This will allow us to predict the responses of subtropical forest species to changes in environmental conditions under climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora di Francescantonio
- Laboratorio de Ecología Forestal y Ecofisiología, Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Bertoni 85, Puerto Iguazú (N3370BFA), Misiones, Argentina; and Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA). Bertoni 85, Puerto Iguazú (N3370BFA), Misiones, Argentina; and Corresponding author.
| | - Mariana Villagra
- Laboratorio de Ecología Forestal y Ecofisiología, Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Bertoni 85, Puerto Iguazú (N3370BFA), Misiones, Argentina; and Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA). Bertoni 85, Puerto Iguazú (N3370BFA), Misiones, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Goldstein
- Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Instituto IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CABA, C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Paula I Campanello
- Laboratorio de Ecología Forestal y Ecofisiología, Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Bertoni 85, Puerto Iguazú (N3370BFA), Misiones, Argentina; and Centro de Estudios Ambientales Integrados, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, CONICET, RN Nº 259 - Km 16.4, Esquel (9200), Chubut, Argentina
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29
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Ripullone F, Camarero JJ, Colangelo M, Voltas J. Variation in the access to deep soil water pools explains tree-to-tree differences in drought-triggered dieback of Mediterranean oaks. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:591-604. [PMID: 32159804 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in the access to deep soil water pools may explain the differential damage among coexisting, conspecific trees as a consequence of drought-induced dieback. We addressed this issue by comparing the responses to a severe drought of three Mediterranean oak species with different drought tolerance, Quercus pubescens L. and Quercus frainetto Ten., mainly thriving at xeric and mesic sites, respectively, and Quercus cerris L., which dominates at intermediate sites. For each species, we compared coexisting declining (D) and non-declining (ND) trees. The stable isotope composition (δ2H, δ18O) of xylem and soil water was used to infer a differential use of soil water sources. We also measured tree size and radial growth to quantify the long-term divergence of wood production between D and ND trees and non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in sapwood to evaluate if D trees presented lower NSC values. The ND trees had access to deeper soil water than D trees except in Q. frainetto, as indicated by significantly more depleted xylem water values. However, a strong δ2H offset between soil and xylem water isotopes observed in peak summer could suggest that both tree types were not physiologically active under extreme drought conditions. Alternative processes causing deuterium fractionation, however, could not be ruled out. Tree height and recent (last 15-25 years) growth rates in all species studied were lower in D than in ND trees by 22 and 44%, respectively. Lastly, there was not a consistent pattern of NSC sapwood concentration; in Q. pubescens, it was higher in ND trees while in Q. frainetto, the D trees were the ones exhibiting the higher NSC concentration. We conclude that the vulnerability to drought among conspecific Mediterranean oaks depends on the differential access to deep soil water pools, which may be related to differences in rooting depth, tree size and growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ripullone
- School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza I-85100, Italy
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda Montañana 1005, Zaragoza E-50059, Spain
| | - Michele Colangelo
- School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza I-85100, Italy
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda Montañana 1005, Zaragoza E-50059, Spain
| | - Jordi Voltas
- Joint Research Unit CTFC-AGROTECNIO, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, Spain
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, Spain
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Pritzkow C, Williamson V, Szota C, Trouvé R, Arndt SK. Phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation of functional traits influences intra-specific variation in hydraulic efficiency and safety. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:215-229. [PMID: 31860729 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding which hydraulic traits are under genetic control and/or are phenotypically plastic is essential in understanding how tree species will respond to rapid shifts in climate. We quantified hydraulic traits in Eucalyptus obliqua L'Her. across a precipitation gradient in the field to describe (i) trait variation in relation to long-term climate and (ii) the short-term (seasonal) ability of traits to adjust (i.e., phenotypic plasticity). Seedlings from each field population were raised under controlled conditions to assess (iii) which traits are under strong genetic control. In the field, drier populations had smaller leaves with anatomically thicker xylem vessel walls, a lower leaf hydraulic vulnerability and a lower water potential at turgor loss point, which likely confers higher hydraulic safety. Traits such as the water potential at turgor loss point and ratio of sapwood to leaf area (Huber value) showed significant adjustment from wet to dry conditions in the field, indicating phenotypic plasticity and importantly, the ability to increase hydraulic safety in the short term. In the nursery, seedlings from drier populations had smaller leaves and a lower leaf hydraulic vulnerability, suggesting that key traits associated with hydraulic safety are under strong genetic control. Overall, our study suggests a strong genetic control over traits associated with hydraulic safety, which may compromise the survival of wet-origin populations in drier future climates. However, phenotypic plasticity in physiological and morphological traits may confer sufficient hydraulic safety to facilitate genetic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Pritzkow
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Blvd Burnley, VIC 3121, Australia
| | - Virginia Williamson
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Blvd Burnley, VIC 3121, Australia
| | - Christopher Szota
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Blvd Burnley, VIC 3121, Australia
| | - Raphael Trouvé
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Blvd Burnley, VIC 3121, Australia
| | - Stefan K Arndt
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Blvd Burnley, VIC 3121, Australia
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Santiago LS. Going underground: new approaches to assess dynamic root behaviour during drought. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:599-600. [PMID: 31721227 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis S Santiago
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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32
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Geißler K, Heblack J, Uugulu S, Wanke H, Blaum N. Partitioning of Water Between Differently Sized Shrubs and Potential Groundwater Recharge in a Semiarid Savanna in Namibia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1411. [PMID: 31798602 PMCID: PMC6863959 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Many semiarid regions around the world are presently experiencing significant changes in both climatic conditions and vegetation. This includes a disturbed coexistence between grasses and bushes also known as bush encroachment, and altered precipitation patterns with larger rain events. Fewer, more intense precipitation events might promote groundwater recharge, but depending on the structure of the vegetation also encourage further woody encroachment. Materials and Methods: In this study, we investigated how patterns and sources of water uptake of Acacia mellifera (blackthorn), an important encroaching woody plant in southern African savannas, are associated with the intensity of rain events and the size of individual shrubs. The study was conducted at a commercial cattle farm in the semiarid Kalahari in Namibia (MAP 250 mm/a). We used soil moisture dynamics in different depths and natural stable isotopes as markers of water sources. Xylem water of fifteen differently sized individuals during eight rain events was extracted using a Scholander pressure bomb. Results and Discussion: Results suggest the main rooting activity zone of A. mellifera in 50 and 75 cm soil depth but a reasonable water uptake from 10 and 25 cm. Any apparent uptake pattern seems to be driven by water availability, not time in the season. Bushes prefer the deeper soil layers after heavier rain events, indicating some evidence for the classical Walter's two-layer hypothesis. However, rain events up to a threshold of 6 mm/day cause shallower depths of use and suggest several phases of intense competition with perennial grasses. The temporal uptake pattern does not depend on shrub size, suggesting a fast upwards water flow inside. δ2H and δ18O values in xylem water indicate that larger shrubs rely less on upper and very deep soil water than smaller shrubs. It supports the hypothesis that in environments where soil moisture is highly variable in the upper soil layers, the early investment in a deep tap-root to exploit deeper, more reliable water sources could reduce the probability of mortality during the establishment phase. Nevertheless, independent of size and time in the season, bushes do not compete with potential groundwater recharge. In a savanna encroached by A. mellifera, groundwater will most likely be affected indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Geißler
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jessica Heblack
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Shoopala Uugulu
- Geology Department, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Heike Wanke
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Niels Blaum
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Ávila-Lovera E, Urich R, Coronel I, Tezara W. Seasonal gas exchange and resource-use efficiency in evergreen versus deciduous species from a tropical dry forest. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1561-1571. [PMID: 31135926 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tropical dry forests (TDFs) experience a long dry season in which plant species are subject to several months of water deficit. However, TDFs maintain a diverse group of plant life forms, growth forms and leaf phenology, and it is not clear how they vary in their mechanisms for coping with seasonal drought. We studied seasonal changes in leaf water potential (Ψleaf), gas exchange, photochemical activity and functional traits in evergreen and drought-deciduous species from a TDF to determine if leaf phenology mediates plant responses to drought. We found seasonal decreases in Ψleaf, stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E), and increases in both intrinsic and instantaneous water-use efficiency. We did not find seasonal differences in photosynthetic rate (Aarea) and carbon isotope composition (δ13C); however, these traits differed between leaf phenology groups, with drought-deciduous plants having higher Aarea and δ13C than evergreen plants. We also found that plants with high leaf nitrogen concentration (Narea) also had low mass-based photosynthetic rate (Amass), photosynthetic-nitrogen-use efficiency and specific leaf area, contrary to the expected relationships given by the leaf economics spectrum. Despite higher Narea, sclerophyllous leaves maintained lower Amass, and this increased structural toughness of leaves may be imposing a stronger limitation for CO2 diffusion and hence photosynthesis. Overall, we found more water-conservative traits in deciduous than in evergreen plants, contrary to what is known about these two leaf phenology groups in other seasonal sites both at tropical and temperate latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleinis Ávila-Lovera
- Centro de Botánica Tropical, Instituto de Biología Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado, Caracas, Venezuela
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Rosa Urich
- Centro de Botánica Tropical, Instituto de Biología Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ilsa Coronel
- Centro de Botánica Tropical, Instituto de Biología Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Wilmer Tezara
- Centro de Botánica Tropical, Instituto de Biología Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado, Caracas, Venezuela
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Geekiyanage N, Goodale UM, Cao K, Kitajima K. Plant ecology of tropical and subtropical karst ecosystems. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nalaka Geekiyanage
- Division of Forest and Biomaterial Science Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kitashirakawa OiwakeKyoto Japan
- Department of Plant Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Rajarata University Anuradhapura Sri Lanka
- Plant Ecophysiology & Evolution Group Guangxi Key Laboratory for Forest Ecology and Conservation College of Forestry Guangxi University NanningGuangxi China
| | - Uromi Manage Goodale
- Plant Ecophysiology & Evolution Group Guangxi Key Laboratory for Forest Ecology and Conservation College of Forestry Guangxi University NanningGuangxi China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources Guangxi University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Kunfang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology & Evolution Group Guangxi Key Laboratory for Forest Ecology and Conservation College of Forestry Guangxi University NanningGuangxi China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources Guangxi University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Division of Forest and Biomaterial Science Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kitashirakawa OiwakeKyoto Japan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama
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35
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An Assessment of Woody Plant Water Source Studies from across the Globe: What Do We Know after 30 Years of Research and Where Do We Go from Here? HYDROLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrology6020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the face of global climate change, water availability and its impact on forest productivity is becoming an increasingly important issue. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the advancement of research in this field and to set new research priorities. A systematic literature review was performed to evaluate the spatiotemporal dynamics of global research on woody plant water sources and to determine a future research agenda. Most of the reviewed studies were from the United States, followed by China and Australia. The research indicates that there is a clear variation in woody plant water sources in forests due to season, climate, leaf phenology, and method of measurement. Much of the research focus has been on identifying plant water sources using a single isotope approach. Much less focus has been given to the nexus between water source and tree size, tree growth, drought, water use efficiency, agroforestry systems, groundwater interactions, and many other topics. Therefore, a new set of research priorities has been proposed that will address these gaps under different vegetation and climate conditions. Once these issues are resolved, the research can inform forest process studies in new ways.
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36
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Schwartz NB, Budsock AM, Uriarte M. Fragmentation, forest structure, and topography modulate impacts of drought in a tropical forest landscape. Ecology 2019; 100:e02677. [PMID: 30825323 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Climate models predict increases in drought conditions in many parts of the tropics. Yet the response of tropical forests to drought remains highly uncertain, especially with regards to the factors that generate spatial heterogeneity in drought response across landscapes. In this study, we used Landsat imagery to assess the impacts of a severe drought in 2015 across an ~80,000-ha landscape in Puerto Rico. Specifically, we asked whether drought effects varied systematically with topography and with forest age, height, and fragmentation. We quantified drought impacts using anomalies of two vegetation indices, the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI), and fit random forest models of these metrics including slope, aspect, forest age, canopy height, and two indices of fragmentation as predictors. Drought effects were more severe on drier topographic positions, that is, steeper slopes and southwest-facing aspects, and in second-growth forests. Shorter and more fragmented forests were also more strongly affected by drought. We also assessed which factors were associated with stronger recovery from drought. Factors associated with more negative drought anomalies were also associated with more positive postdrought anomalies, suggesting that increased light availability as a result of drought led to high rates of recovery in forests more severely affected by drought. In general, recovery from drought was rapid across the landscape, with postdrought anomalies at or above average across the study area. This suggests that forests in Puerto Rico might be resilient to a single-year drought, though vulnerability to drought varies depending on forest characteristics and landscape position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi B Schwartz
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, 1984 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z2, Canada.,Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA.,Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Andrew M Budsock
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York, 10027, USA
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37
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Carbon Isotopes of Riparian Forests Trees in the Savannas of the Volta Sub-Basin of Ghana Reveal Contrasting Responses to Climatic and Environmental Variations. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotopes of tree rings are frequently used as proxies in climate change studies. However, species-specific relationships between climate and tree-ring stable isotopes have not yet been studied in riparian forests in the savannas of West Africa. Four cross-dated discs, each of Afzelia africana Sm. (evergreen) and Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (deciduous) in the humid (HSZ) and dry (DSZ) savanna zones of the Volta basin in Ghana were selected from a larger tree-ring dataset to assess the relationships between the tree-ring carbon isotope composition (δ13C values) and climatic parameters. The atmospherically corrected δ13C values of both studied species showed that A. africana was enriched in 13C compared to A. leiocarpus. Strong correlations were found between δ13C values of A. africana and A. leiocarpus with temperature, but weak correlations with precipitation. Spatial correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between δ13C values of both tree species and Sea Surface Temperatures in the Gulf of Guinea in the southern Atlantic Ocean. The results suggest that the carbon isotope composition of riparian trees in the Volta river basin has a potential to reconstruct climate variability and to assess tree ecological responses to climate change.
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Aguirre-Gutiérrez J, Oliveras I, Rifai S, Fauset S, Adu-Bredu S, Affum-Baffoe K, Baker TR, Feldpausch TR, Gvozdevaite A, Hubau W, Kraft NJB, Lewis SL, Moore S, Niinemets Ü, Peprah T, Phillips OL, Ziemińska K, Enquist B, Malhi Y. Drier tropical forests are susceptible to functional changes in response to a long-term drought. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:855-865. [PMID: 30828955 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Climatic changes have profound effects on the distribution of biodiversity, but untangling the links between climatic change and ecosystem functioning is challenging, particularly in high diversity systems such as tropical forests. Tropical forests may also show different responses to a changing climate, with baseline climatic conditions potentially inducing differences in the strength and timing of responses to droughts. Trait-based approaches provide an opportunity to link functional composition, ecosystem function and environmental changes. We demonstrate the power of such approaches by presenting a novel analysis of long-term responses of different tropical forest to climatic changes along a rainfall gradient. We explore how key ecosystem's biogeochemical properties have shifted over time as a consequence of multi-decadal drying. Notably, we find that drier tropical forests have increased their deciduous species abundance and generally changed more functionally than forests growing in wetter conditions, suggesting an enhanced ability to adapt ecologically to a drying environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Imma Oliveras
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sami Rifai
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie Fauset
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Stephen Adu-Bredu
- CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, University Post Office, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Timothy R Baker
- Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Deparment of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Agne Gvozdevaite
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wannes Hubau
- Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Nathan J B Kraft
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Simon L Lewis
- Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.,Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sam Moore
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Theresa Peprah
- CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, University Post Office, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Oliver L Phillips
- Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | | | | | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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39
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Li L, Zhang T, Zhao C, Li Y, Li Y, Mu C. Leaf and stem traits variation of
Stellera chamaejasme
Linn. with slope aspect in alpine steppe. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Tingjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Chengzhang Zhao
- College of Geography and Environmental Science Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Environmental Science Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Yuxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Cuicui Mu
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
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40
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Gvozdevaite A, Oliveras I, Domingues TF, Peprah T, Boakye M, Afriyie L, da Silva Peixoto K, de Farias J, Almeida de Oliveira E, Almeida Farias CC, Dos Santos Prestes NCC, Neyret M, Moore S, Schwantes Marimon B, Marimon Junior BH, Adu-Bredu S, Malhi Y. Leaf-level photosynthetic capacity dynamics in relation to soil and foliar nutrients along forest-savanna boundaries in Ghana and Brazil. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1912-1925. [PMID: 30388271 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Forest-savanna boundaries extend across large parts of the tropics but the variability of photosynthetic capacity in relation to soil and foliar nutrients across these transition zones is poorly understood. For this reason, we compared photosynthetic capacity (maximum rate of carboxylation of Rubisco at 25 C° (Vcmax25), leaf mass, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) per unit leaf area (LMA, Narea, Parea and Karea, respectively), in relation to respective soil nutrients from 89 species at seven sites along forest-savanna ecotones in Ghana and Brazil. Contrary to our expectations, edaphic conditions were not reflected in foliar nutrient concentrations but LMA was slightly higher in lower fertility soils. Overall, each vegetation type within the ecotones demonstrated idiosyncratic and generally weak relationships between Vcmax25 and Narea, Parea and Karea. Species varied significantly in their Vcmax25 ↔ Narea relationship due to reduced investment of total Narea in photosynthetic machinery with increasing LMA. We suggest that studied species in the forest-savanna ecotones do not maximize Vcmax25 per given total Narea due to adaptation to intermittent water availability. Our findings have implications for global modeling of Vcmax25 and forest-savanna ecotone productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Gvozdevaite
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Imma Oliveras
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomas Ferreira Domingues
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Theresa Peprah
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi, KNUST, Ghana
| | - Mickey Boakye
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi, KNUST, Ghana
| | - Lydia Afriyie
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi, KNUST, Ghana
| | - Karine da Silva Peixoto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Nova Xavantina, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Josenilton de Farias
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Nova Xavantina, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Edmar Almeida de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Nova Xavantina, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | | | | | - Margot Neyret
- Centre IRD France Nord - iEES Paris, 32, av. Henri Varagnat BONDY cedex, France
| | - Sam Moore
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Nova Xavantina, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon Junior
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Nova Xavantina, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Stephen Adu-Bredu
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi, KNUST, Ghana
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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41
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Isotopic composition of leaf carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) of deciduous and evergreen understorey trees in two tropical Brazilian Atlantic forests. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467418000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Isotopic composition of leaf carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) is determined by biotic and abiotic factors. In order to determine the influence of leaf habit and site on leaf δ13C and δ15N in the understorey of two Atlantic forests in Brazil that differ in annual precipitation (1200 and 1900 mm), we measured these isotopes in the shaded understorey of 38 tropical tree species (20 in the 1200-mm site and 18 in the 1900-mm site). Mean site values for δ15N were significantly lower at the 1200-mm site (−1.4‰) compared with the 1900-mm site (+3.0‰), and δ13C was significantly greater in the 1200-mm site (−30.4‰) than in the 1900-mm site (−31.6‰). Leaf C concentration was greater and leaf N concentration was lower at 1200-mm than at 1900-mm. Leaf δ15N was negatively correlated with δ13C across the two sites. Leaf δ13C and δ15N of evergreen and deciduous species were not significantly different within a site. No significant phylogenetic signal for any traits among the study species was found. Overall, site differences were the main factor distinguishing traits among species, suggesting strong functional convergence to local climate and soils within each site for individuals in the shaded understorey.
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42
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The Responses of Plant Leaf CO2/H2O Exchange and Water Use Efficiency to Drought: A Meta-Analysis. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10020551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Persistent drought severely inhibits plant growth and productivity, which negatively affects terrestrial primary productivity worldwide. Therefore, it is important to investigate the impacts of drought on plant leaf CO2/H2O exchange and water use efficiency. This study assessed the responses of net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration (Tr), and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) to drought based on a worldwide meta-analysis of 112 published studies. The results demonstrated that drought decreased Pn, Tr, and Gs significantly and differently among different moderators. C4 plants had smaller Pn reduction than C3 plants, which gives C4 plants an advantage in Pn. But their WUE decreased under drought conditions, indicating a great flexibility in C4 WUE. Annual herbs sacrificed WUE (−6.2%) to maintain efficient Pn. Perennial herbs took a different strategy in response to drought with an increased WUE (25.1%). Deciduous tree species displayed a greater increase in WUE than conifers and evergreen species. Additionally, Gs had a significant correlation with Pn and Tr, but an insignificant correlation with WUE, which could be because WUE is affected by other factors (e.g., air flow, CO2 concentration, and relative humidity). These findings have significant implications for understanding the worldwide effects of drought on plant leaf CO2/H2O exchange and water use efficiency.
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Nie Y, Chen H, Ding Y, Yang J, Wang K. Comparison of Rooting Strategies to Explore Rock Fractures for Shallow Soil-Adapted Tree Species with Contrasting Aboveground Growth Rates: A Greenhouse Microcosm Experiment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1651. [PMID: 29018464 PMCID: PMC5615247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For tree species adapted to shallow soil environments, rooting strategies that efficiently explore rock fractures are important because soil water depletion occurs frequently. However, two questions: (a) to what extent shallow soil-adapted species rely on exploring rock fractures and (b) what outcomes result from drought stress, have rarely been tested. Therefore, based on the expectation that early development of roots into deep soil layers is at the cost of aboveground growth, seedlings of three tree species (Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Delavaya toxocarpa, and Acer cinnamomifolium) with distinct aboveground growth rates were selected from a typical shallow soil region. In a greenhouse experiment that mimics the basic features of shallow soil environments, 1-year-old seedlings were transplanted into simulated microcosms of shallow soil overlaying fractured bedrock. Root biomass allocation and leaf physiological activities, as well as leaf δ13C values were investigated and compared for two treatments: regular irrigation and repeated cycles of drought stress. Our results show that the three species differed in their rooting strategies in the context of encountering rock fractures, however, these strategies were not closely related to the aboveground growth rate. For the slowest-growing seedling, C. glauca, percentages of root mass in the fractures, as well as in the soil layer between soil and bedrock increased significantly under both treatments, indicating a specialized rooting strategy that facilitated the exploration of rock fractures. Early investment in deep root growth was likely critical to the establishment of this drought-vulnerable species. For the intermediate-growing, A. cinnamomifolium, percentages of root mass in the bedrock and interface soil layers were relatively low and exhibited no obvious change under either treatment. This limited need to explore rock fractures was compensated by a conservative water use strategy. For the fast-growing, D. toxocarpa, percentages of root mass in the bedrock and interface layers increased simultaneously under drought conditions, but not under irrigated conditions. This drought-induced rooting plasticity was associated with drought avoidance by this species. Although, root development might have been affected by the simulated microcosm, contrasting results among the three species indicated that efficient use of rock fractures is not a necessary or specialized strategy of shallow-soil adapted species. The establishment and persistence of these species relied on the mutual complementation between their species-specific rooting strategies and drought adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Nie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha, China
- Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of SciencesHuanjiang, China
| | - Hongsong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha, China
- Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of SciencesHuanjiang, China
| | - Yali Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha, China
- Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of SciencesHuanjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Kelin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha, China
- Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of SciencesHuanjiang, China
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44
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Sleen P, Zuidema PA, Pons TL. Stable isotopes in tropical tree rings: theory, methods and applications. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sleen
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University & Research Droevendaalsesteeg 3 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands
- Marine Science Institute University of Texas at Austin 750 Channel View Drive Port Aransas TX78373 USA
| | - Pieter A. Zuidema
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University & Research Droevendaalsesteeg 3 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Thijs L. Pons
- Plant Ecophysiology Institute of Environmental Biology Utrecht University Padualaan 8 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
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45
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Evaristo J, McDonnell JJ. Prevalence and magnitude of groundwater use by vegetation: a global stable isotope meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44110. [PMID: 28281644 PMCID: PMC5345103 DOI: 10.1038/srep44110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of groundwater as a resource in sustaining terrestrial vegetation is widely recognized. But the global prevalence and magnitude of groundwater use by vegetation is unknown. Here we perform a meta-analysis of plant xylem water stable isotope (δ2H and δ18O, n = 7367) information from 138 published papers - representing 251 genera, and 414 species of angiosperms (n = 376) and gymnosperms (n = 38). We show that the prevalence of groundwater use by vegetation (defined as the number of samples out of a universe of plant samples reported to have groundwater contribution to xylem water) is 37% (95% confidence interval, 28-46%). This is across 162 sites and 12 terrestrial biomes (89% of heterogeneity explained; Q-value = 1235; P < 0.0001). However, the magnitude of groundwater source contribution to the xylem water mixture (defined as the proportion of groundwater contribution in xylem water) is limited to 23% (95% CI, 20-26%; 95% prediction interval, 3-77%). Spatial analysis shows that the magnitude of groundwater source contribution increases with aridity. Our results suggest that while groundwater influence is globally prevalent, its proportional contribution to the total terrestrial transpiration is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaivime Evaristo
- Global Institute for Water Security and School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J. McDonnell
- Global Institute for Water Security and School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Forest Engineering, Resources and Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330 USA
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46
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Kearsley E, Verbeeck H, Hufkens K, Van de Perre F, Doetterl S, Baert G, Beeckman H, Boeckx P, Huygens D. Functional community structure of African monodominant Gilbertiodendron dewevrei forest influenced by local environmental filtering. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:295-304. [PMID: 28070293 PMCID: PMC5216677 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Monodominant patches of forest dominated by Gilbertiodendron dewevrei are commonly found in central African tropical forests, alongside forests with high species diversity. Although these forests are generally found sparsely distributed along rivers, their occurrence is not thought to be (clearly) driven by edaphic conditions but rather by trait combinations of G. dewevrei that aid in achieving monodominance. Functional community structure between these monodominant and mixed forests has, however, not yet been compared. Additionally, little is known about nondominant species in the monodominant forest community. These two topics are addressed in this study. We investigate the functional community structure of 10 one-hectare plots of monodominant and mixed forests in a central region of the Congo basin, in DR Congo. Thirteen leaf and wood traits are measured, covering 95% (basal area weighted) of all species present in the plots, including leaf nutrient contents, leaf isotopic compositions, specific leaf area, wood density, and vessel anatomy. The trait-based assessment of G. dewevrei shows an ensemble of traits related to water use and transport that could be favorable for its location near forest rivers. Moreover, indications have been found for N and P limitations in the monodominant forest, possibly related to ectomycorrhizal associations formed with G. dewevrei. Reduced leaf N and P contents are found at the community level for the monodominant forest and for different nondominant groups, as compared to those in the mixed forest. In summary, this work shows that environmental filtering does prevail in the monodominant G. dewevrei forest, leading to lower functional diversity in this forest type, with the dominant species showing beneficial traits related to its common riverine locations and with reduced soil N and P availability found in this environment, both coregulating the tree community assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kearsley
- Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental BiologyComputational and Applied Vegetation Ecology – CAVElabGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical ChemistryIsotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Service of Wood BiologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental BiologyComputational and Applied Vegetation Ecology – CAVElabGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Koen Hufkens
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | | | - Sebastian Doetterl
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical ChemistryIsotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Institute of GeographyAugsburg UniversityAugsburgGermany
| | - Geert Baert
- Department of Applied BiosciencesGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Service of Wood BiologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical ChemistryIsotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Dries Huygens
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical ChemistryIsotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYSGhent UniversityGentBelgium
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología VegetalUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba & CONICETCordobaArgentina
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47
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Uriarte M, Schwartz N, Powers JS, Marín‐Spiotta E, Liao W, Werden LK. Impacts of climate variability on tree demography in second growth tropical forests: the importance of regional context for predicting successional trajectories. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University 11th floor Schermerhorn Ext., 1200 Amsterdam Ave. New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Naomi Schwartz
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University 11th floor Schermerhorn Ext., 1200 Amsterdam Ave. New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Jennifer S. Powers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota 140 Gortner Laboratory 1479 Gortner Avenue St. Paul MN 55108 USA
- Department of Plant Biology University of Minnesota 140 Gortner Laboratory 1479 Gortner Avenue St. Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Erika Marín‐Spiotta
- Department of Geography University of Wisconsin – Madison 550 North Park St Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Wenying Liao
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University 11th floor Schermerhorn Ext., 1200 Amsterdam Ave. New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Leland K. Werden
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota 140 Gortner Laboratory 1479 Gortner Avenue St. Paul MN 55108 USA
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48
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Christina M, Nouvellon Y, Laclau J, Stape JL, Bouillet J, Lambais GR, Maire G. Importance of deep water uptake in tropical eucalypt forest. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yann Nouvellon
- CIRAD UMR ECO&SOLS F‐34398 Montpellier France
- Forest Science Department Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Universidade de São Paulo Av. Pádua Dias, no. 11, CP 9 CEP 13418‐900 Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - Jean‐Paul Laclau
- CIRAD UMR ECO&SOLS F‐34398 Montpellier France
- Forest Science Department Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Av. Prof. Montenegro, Distrito de Rubião Junior CEP 18618‐970 Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Jose L. Stape
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina27695 USA
| | - Jean‐Pierre Bouillet
- CIRAD UMR ECO&SOLS F‐34398 Montpellier France
- Forest Science Department Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Universidade de São Paulo Av. Pádua Dias, no. 11, CP 9 CEP 13418‐900 Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - George R. Lambais
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura Universidade de São Paulo Av. Centenário, no. 303, CP 96 CEP 13400‐970 Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - Guerric Maire
- CIRAD UMR ECO&SOLS F‐34398 Montpellier France
- Embrapa Meio Ambiente CEP 13820‐000 Jaguariuna SP Brazil
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49
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Zhang W, Hu H, Zhang SB. Divergent Adaptive Strategies by Two Co-occurring Epiphytic Orchids to Water Stress: Escape or Avoidance? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:588. [PMID: 27200059 PMCID: PMC4853394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to the fluctuating water availability in the arboreal habitat, epiphytic plants are considered vulnerable to climate change and anthropogenic disturbances. Although co-occurring taxa have been observed divergent adaptive performances in response to drought, the underlying physiological and morphological mechanisms by which epiphyte species cope with water stress remain poorly understood. In the present study, two co-occurring epiphytic orchids with different phenologies were selected to investigate their drought-resistance performances. We compared their functional traits, and monitored their physiological performances in a 25-days of drought treatment. In contrast to the deciduous species Pleione albiflora, the evergreen species Coelogyne corymbosa had different root anatomical structures and higher values for saturated water content of pseudobulbs. Moreover, plants of C. corymbosa had thicker leaves and epidermis, denser veins and stomata, and higher values for leaf mass per unit area and the time required to dry saturated leaves to 70% relative water content. However, samples from that species had lower values for net photosynthetic rate (A n), stomatal length and chlorophyll content per unit dry mass. Nevertheless, due to greater capacity for water storage and conservation, C. corymbosa maintained higher A n, stomatal conductance (g s), and instantaneous water-use efficiency during severe drought period, and their values for leaf water potential were higher after the water stress treatment. By Day 10 after irrigation was restarted, only C. corymbosa plants recovered their values for A n and g s to levels close to those calculated prior to the imposition of water stress. Our results suggest that the different performance responding to drought and re-watering in two co-occurring epiphytic orchids is related to water-related traits and these two species have divergent adaptive mechanisms. Overall, C. corymbosa demonstrates drought avoidance by enhancing water uptake and storage, and by reducing water losses while P. albiflora employs a drought escape strategy by fixing more carbon during growing season and shedding leaves and roots at dry season, leaving a dormant pseudobulb to minimize transpiration. These findings may improve our understanding of the potential effects that climate change can have on the population dynamics of different epiphytic taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming, China
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50
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Derroire G, Tigabu M, Odén PC, Healey JR. The Effects of Established Trees on Woody Regeneration during Secondary Succession in Tropical Dry Forests. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Derroire
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography; Bangor University; Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW U.K
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre; Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences; PO Box 49 SE-230 53 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Mulualem Tigabu
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre; Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences; PO Box 49 SE-230 53 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Per Christer Odén
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre; Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences; PO Box 49 SE-230 53 Alnarp Sweden
| | - John R. Healey
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography; Bangor University; Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW U.K
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