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Pfeifer B, Nelson WB, Hyldahl RD. Athletic Performance Decline Over the Life Span: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses of Elite and Masters Track-and-Field Data. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024; 19:897-904. [PMID: 39019444 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Loss of muscle power has a significant impact on mobility in geriatric populations, so this study sought to determine the extent and time course of performance decline in power-centric events throughout the life span via retrospective analyses of masters and elite track-and-field data. METHODS Four track-and-field events were selected based on maximal power output: the 100-m dash, long jump, high jump, and triple jump. Elite and masters athlete data were gathered from the World Masters Outdoor Championships and the International Amateur Athletic Federation World Athletics Championships (17,945 individual results). Data were analyzed by fitting individual and group results to quadratic and linear models. RESULTS Average age of peak performance in all events was 27.8 (0.8) years for men and 28.3 (0.8) years for women. Athlete performance decline best matched a linear model for the 5 years following peak performance (mean R2 = .68 [.20]) and for ages 35-60, but best matched a quadratic model for ages 60-90 and 35-90 (mean R2 = .75 [.12]). The average rate of decline for the masters data ages 35-60 ranged from 0.55% per year for men's 100-m dash to 1.04% per year for women's long jump. A significant age × sex interaction existed between men and women, with men declining faster throughout life in all events except the 100-m dash. CONCLUSIONS Performance decline begins in the early 30s and is linear through middle age. This pattern of decline provides a basis for further research on power-decline pathophysiology and preventive measures starting in the 30s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Pfeifer
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - W Bradley Nelson
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Robert D Hyldahl
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Liao CD, Huang SW, Chen HC, Huang MH, Liou TH, Lin CL. Comparative Efficacy of Different Protein Supplements on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Physical Indices of Sarcopenia among Community-Dwelling, Hospitalized or Institutionalized Older Adults Undergoing Resistance Training: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2024; 16:941. [PMID: 38612975 PMCID: PMC11013298 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging-related sarcopenia exerts harmful impacts on muscle mass, strength, and physical mobility. Protein supplementation has been demonstrated to augment efficacy of resistance training (RT) in elderly. This study compared the relative effects of different protein supplements on muscle mass, strength, and mobility outcomes in middle-aged and older individuals undergoing RT. A comprehensive search of online databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy of protein supplement plus RT in untrained community-dwelling adults, hospitalized, or institutionalized residents who suffered acute or chronic health conditions. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed using a frequentist method for all analyses. Treatment effects for main outcomes were expressed as standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). We used the surface-under-the cumulative-ranking (SUCRA) scores to rank probabilities of effect estimation among all identified treatments. Meta-regression analyses were performed to identify any relevant moderator of the treatment efficacy and results were expressed as β with 95% credible interval (CrI). We finally included 78 RCTs (5272 participants) for analyses. Among the six protein sources identified in this NMA, namely whey, milk, casein, meat, soy, and peanut, whey supplement yielded the most effective treatments augmenting efficacy of RT on muscle mass (SMD = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.62; SUCRA = 0.86), handgrip strength (SMD = 1.46, 95% CI: 0.92, 2.00; SUCRA = 0.85), and walking speed (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.39, 1.07; SUCRA = 0.84). Participant's health condition, sex, and supplementation dose were significant factors moderating the treatment efficacy on muscle mass (β = 0.74; 95% CrI: 0.22, 1.25), handgrip strength (β = -1.72; 95% CrI: -2.68, -0.77), and leg strength (β = 0.76; 95% CrI: 0.06, 1.47), respectively. Our findings suggest whey protein yields the optimal supplements to counter sarcopenia in older individuals undergoing RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-De Liao
- International Ph.D. Program in Gerontology and Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 110301, Taiwan;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan; (S.-W.H.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan; (S.-W.H.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-H.L.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chou Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan; (S.-W.H.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-H.L.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98015, USA;
| | - Tsan-Hon Liou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan; (S.-W.H.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-H.L.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
| | - Che-Li Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
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3
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Erul E, Guven DC, Onur MR, Yazici G, Aksoy S. Role of sarcopenia on survival and treatment-related toxicity in head and neck cancer: a narrative review of current evidence and future perspectives. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023:10.1007/s00405-023-08014-9. [PMID: 37188907 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to provide an up-to-date summary of sarcopenia and its clinical implications for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). METHODS We conducted a literature review of recent studies investigating the prevalence of sarcopenia in HNC patients, its detection using MRI or CT scans, and its association with clinical outcomes such as disease-free and overall survival time, radiotherapy-related side effects, cisplatin toxicity, and surgical complications. RESULTS Sarcopenia, characterized by low skeletal muscle mass (SMM), is a prevalent condition in HNC patients and can be effectively detected using routine MRI or CT scans. Low SMM in HNC patients is associated with increased risks of shorter disease-free and overall survival times, as well as radiotherapy-related side effects such as mucositis, dysphagia, and xerostomia. In addition, cisplatin toxicity is more severe in HNC patients with low SMM, leading to higher dose-limiting toxicity and treatment interruptions. Low SMM may also predict higher risks of surgical complications in head and neck surgery. Identifying sarcopenic patients can aid physicians in better riskstratifying HNC patients for therapeutic or nutritional interventions to improve clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia is a significant concern for HNC patients and can impact their clinical outcomes. Routine MRI or CT scans can effectively detect low SMM in HNC patients. Identifying sarcopenic patients can aid physicians in better risk-stratifying HNC patients for therapeutic or nutritional interventions to improve clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the potential of interventions to mitigate the negative effects of sarcopenia in HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Erul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Can Guven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University, Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Gozde Yazici
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sercan Aksoy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University, Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Won HK, Kang Y, An J, Lee JH, Song WJ, Kwon HS, Cho YS, Moon HB, Jang IY, Kim TB. Relationship between asthma and sarcopenia in the elderly: a nationwide study from the KNHANES. J Asthma 2023; 60:304-313. [PMID: 35225127 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2047716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have investigated the relationship between asthma and sarcopenia. We aimed to examine the relationship between asthma and sarcopenia in a community-dwelling geriatric population, especially regarding lung function and asthma control. METHODS A cross-sectional dataset from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011 was utilized. Data regarding asthma history, age at asthma onset, recent asthma exacerbations, and hospitalization for asthma exacerbations were obtained using structured questionnaires. Appendicular skeletal muscle was calculated as the sum of the skeletal muscle mass, and physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS Asthma presented an estimated incidence of 6.17 ± 0.37% in the elderly. Groups were divided and analyzed according to asthma, muscle mass, and physical activity. Sarcopenia was associated with aging, male sex, smoking history, low body mass index (BMI), and reduced lung function with or without asthma. Sarcopenic asthma had a younger onset and reduced physical activity than non-sarcopenic asthma. Obstructive patterns were more frequent in asthmatics exhibiting low or moderate physical activity levels than in those with high activity, but asthma control was not associated with sarcopenia and physical activity. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that compared with control, sarcopenic asthma was associated with FEV1 < 60%, and airway obstruction, and with aging, male, and lower BMI, compared with non-sarcopenic asthma. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that decreased muscle mass and physical activity levels contribute to reduced lung function in elderly asthmatics. Furthermore, sarcopenic asthma was associated with aging, low BMI, and reduced lung function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Kyeong Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yewon Kang
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergy, Dongkang Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jin An
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyang Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Song
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyouk-Soo Kwon
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Sook Cho
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Bom Moon
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Young Jang
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Bum Kim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Polenova NV, Varaeva YR, Pogonchenkova IV, Livantsova EN, Shchikota AM, Shaposhnikova NN, Kiknadze TD, Starodubova AV. [Physical activity in sarcopenia: rehabilitation approaches in prevention and treatment of age-related muscle disorders]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOI FIZICHESKOI KULTURY 2023; 100:52-60. [PMID: 37141523 DOI: 10.17116/kurort202310002152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a widespread condition in the elderly people, that occurs as a result of impaired muscle structure and function and is significantly associated with reduced quality and time of life. This review represents current approaches to the diagnosis of sarcopenia with reference to recent European and Asian consensus. They include rules for the evaluation of the main muscle strength and function tests (hand dynamometry, sit-to-stand test, 6-minute walk test, physical performance battery tests, etc.), physical and instrumental methods of muscle mass analysis (densitometry, bioimpedance analysis, magnetic resonance imaging). Furthermore, the pathogenetic relationship between the lack of physical activity and muscle dysfunction in elderly people is broached, including in particular the role of myostatin, interleukin-6, somatotropin and insulin resistance. The article represents possibilities of impact of aerobic, strength and neuromuscular physical exercises on prevention and correction of sarcopenic changes in different age groups based on the analysis of current clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Polenova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu R Varaeva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Pogonchenkova
- Moscow Centre for Research and Practice in Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - E N Livantsova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Shchikota
- Moscow Centre for Research and Practice in Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - N N Shaposhnikova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - T D Kiknadze
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Starodubova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
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Baker S, Gilhen-Baker M, Roviello GN. The Role of Nutrition and Forest-Bathing in the Physical Rehabilitation of Physically Inactive Patients: From the Molecular Aspects to New Nature-Inspired Techniques. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010793. [PMID: 36613115 PMCID: PMC9819495 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Physical rehabilitation plays a fundamental role in the management of individuals with disabilities associated with age-related muscle loss or affected by catastrophic conditions such as trauma, surgery, cancer or other severe pathologies. These events have in common an extended period of physical inactivity. Patients who undergo prolonged bed rest often present with a number of complications; for example, muscle loss that can exacerbate existing conditions determined by sarcopenia, which in turn greatly limits physical functions. The main scope of this work is to summarize certain key strategies for the physiotherapeutic management of physically inactive patients, regardless of the reason behind their prolonged bed rest, with a particular focus on physical rehabilitation, nutrition and forest-bathing. The importance of correct nutrition in counter-acting the loss of muscle mass and consequent function is explored alongside a description of the main nutrients that are needed for muscle regeneration. From a biomolecular perspective, some specific molecular mechanisms associated with physical rehabilitation are also reported not only in the context of physical therapy, but also within nature-inspired techniques, such as forest-bathing as well as body self-healing. Combining a targeted physiotherapeutic approach with an appropriate diet as well as nature-based therapy could thus help with the recovery of bed ridden patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Baker
- Compete Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Centre, Unit 1 Bridge Mill—Cowan Bridge, Carnforth LA6 2HS, UK
| | | | - Giovanni N. Roviello
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Area di Ricerca Site and Headquarters, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0812203415
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7
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Mohammed M, Li J. Stroke-Related Sarcopenia among Two Different Developing Countries with Diverse Ethnic Backgrounds (Cross-National Study in Egypt and China). Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112336. [PMID: 36421660 PMCID: PMC9689982 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of stroke-related sarcopenia differs according to the diagnostic criteria, the cut-off point for assessment, and ethnicity. Egypt and China are developing countries with different races where no research concerning stroke-related sarcopenia has been performed yet. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of possible sarcopenia and confirmed sarcopenia among Egyptian and Chinese stroke survivors using the Asian Working Group of Sarcopenia (AWGS-2019) criteria and to assess the variables associated with the prevalence rate. A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 Egyptian and 195 Chinese stroke survivors from 2019 to 2021 using a structural health questionnaire. A hand-held dynamometer was used to measure grip strength. Anthropometric measures were used to estimate muscle mass. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistics version 20. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The prevalence of possible sarcopenia ranged from 20.0% to 34.4% among Egyptian and Chinese groups, except for the Egyptian females where it was 52.0%. The prevalence of sarcopenia in both populations ranged from 13.6% to 18.6%. Pre-stroke independent variables that accelerated possible sarcopenia were age, history of dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease, but stroke severity was a post-stroke risk factor. Age was the only pre-stroke variable for sarcopenia, while quitting smoking and having good nutritional status were variables for the reduction of possible sarcopenia. Quitting smoking, having a good nutritional status, and early rehabilitation reduced sarcopenia development. Controlling vascular risk factors, enhancing rehabilitation, and nutritional therapy are protective measures against sarcopenia. Longitudinal studies are required to identify further risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mohammed
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
- First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianan Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-137-7051-61766
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8
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Short-term aerobic exercise for depression in acute geriatric psychiatry: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:615. [PMID: 35908008 PMCID: PMC9338474 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Major depression is one of the main mental illnesses in old age, with acute exacerbated episodes requiring treatment in geriatric psychiatry. A meta-analysis showed that aerobic exercise in moderate intensity has large effects in older adults with major depression, but there is no evidence of aerobic exercise in geriatric psychiatry. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the feasibility and effects of an ergometer-based aerobic exercise on depressive symptoms. Methods A single-center randomized controlled trial will be conducted in an acute geriatric psychiatric hospital. Inpatients allocated to the intervention group will receive a 2-week aerobic ergometer program. The control group will receive seated flexibility exercise in addition to usual care. The overall effects on the patients’ depressive symptoms will be measured by clinical global impression of change (CGI) as the primary outcome. Changes in depressive symptom domains, physical (in)activity, and aerobic performance as well as the dosage of applied antidepressants will be examined as secondary outcomes. Discussion This short-term aerobic exercise program is expected to decrease depressive symptoms in acute exacerbated periods in older adults. The results may increase the evidence for implementing physical activity interventions in acute hospital settings. The disease-related motivation for exercise in acute exacerbated depressive periods will be the most challenging aspect. The treatment of depression requires new cost-effective approaches, especially in acute geriatric psychiatry with potential benefits for patients, family members, and clinicians. Trial registration German Clinical Trial Register ID: DRKS00026117 Trial status Protocol Version 1.2 dated February 23, 2022. By February 23, 2022, the trial had recruited a total of 15 participants in two wards at the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry at the LVR-Hospital Cologne. Recruitment started on November 12, 2021. The recruitment is expected to continue for at least 12 months.
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Interventions to Improve Body Composition, Upper and Lower Extremity Muscle Strength, and Balance Ability of Older Female Adults: An Intervention Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084765. [PMID: 35457632 PMCID: PMC9033118 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to understand the effects of a moderate-intensity physical activity program on the changes observed in the body composition, upper and lower extremity muscle strength, as well as balance in elderly female adults in order to evaluate sarcopenia. In this study, 30 healthy elderly females were recruited and were randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group. The experimental group engaged in a moderate-intensity physical activity program twice a week for 8 weeks. Using a body composition analyzer, the senior fitness test, and handgrip strength and gait speed tests, all participants were tested in pre- and post-tests. The results of the study revealed changes in the overall body composition in the experimental group, with significant decreases in body mass index, body fat percentage, and body fat mass and substantial increases in the basal metabolic rate and skeletal muscle mass, while the upper and lower extremity muscle strength and balance ability also showed significant improvements. The moderate-intensity physical activity program also increased upper limb handgrip strength and lower limb gait speed, showing that the plan was able to effectively evaluate sarcopenia. The study concluded that using upper limb handgrip strength and lower limb walking speed to evaluate sarcopenia are useful diagnostic tools. Moderate-intensity physical activity is effective for improving muscle strength and reducing sarcopenia.
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10
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Rochester CL. Does Telemedicine Promote Physical Activity? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030425. [PMID: 35330176 PMCID: PMC8948765 DOI: 10.3390/life12030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise capacity and physical activity are different concepts: the former refers to what an individual is capable of performing, while the latter refers to what the individual does in daily life. Low levels of physical activity (PA), which are very common in individuals with COPD, are associated with poor health outcomes, including increased symptoms, a more rapid decline in lung function, increased health care utilization and increased mortality risk. Because of these pervasive negative outcomes, attempts have been made to increase physical activity in individuals with COPD, hoping that success in this area will mitigate the negative effects of inactivity. Based on its ability to increase exercise capacity and reduce dyspnea in COPD and other chronic respiratory diseases, pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) would be expected also increase physical activity in these patients. However, accessibility to pulmonary rehabilitation programs is problematic in some areas, and studies testing its effectiveness in this outcome area have had inconsistent results. Using telehealth interventions using technology to provide medical care conveniently over a distance would have the benefit of reaching a larger proportion of individuals with COPD. A systematic review of clinical trials testing telehealth to promote physical activity had mixed results and low-certainty evidence, resulting in the inability to recommend any single type of intervention. Thus, using telehealth interventions to promote physical activity for individuals with chronic respiratory diseases, while promising, remains an area where future investigations are needed to identify its optimal modalities and clarify its benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L. Rochester
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; ; Tel.: +1-203-785-4163; Fax: +1-203-785-3627
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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11
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Coletti C, Acosta GF, Keslacy S, Coletti D. Exercise-mediated reinnervation of skeletal muscle in elderly people: An update. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 32. [PMID: 35234025 PMCID: PMC8992679 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined by the loss of muscle mass and function. In aging sarcopenia is due to mild chronic inflammation but also to fiber-intrinsic defects, such as mitochondrial dysfunction. Age-related sarcopenia is associated with physical disability and lowered quality of life. In addition to skeletal muscle, the nervous tissue is also affected in elderly people. With aging, type 2 fast fibers preferentially undergo denervation and are reinnervated by slow-twitch motor neurons. They spread forming new neuro-muscular junctions with the denervated fibers: the result is an increased proportion of slow fibers that group together since they are associated in the same motor unit. Grouping and fiber type shifting are indeed major histological features of aging skeletal muscle. Exercise has been proposed as an intervention for age-related sarcopenia due to its numerous beneficial effects on muscle mechanical and biochemical features. In 2013, a precursor study in humans was published in the European Journal of Translation Myology (formerly known as Basic and Applied Myology), highlighting the occurrence of reinnervation in the musculature of aged, exercise-trained individuals as compared to the matching control. This paper, entitled «Reinnervation of Vastus lateralis is increased significantly in seniors (70-years old) with a lifelong history of high-level exercise», is now being reprinted for the second issue of the «Ejtm Seminal Paper Series». In this short review we discuss those results in the light of the most recent advances confirming the occurrence of exercise-mediated reinnervation, ultimately preserving muscle structure and function in elderly people who exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coletti
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Gilberto F Acosta
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Stefan Keslacy
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Dario Coletti
- DAHFMO - Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Biological Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm U1164, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Interuniversity institute of Myology, Ro.
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12
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Soh Y, Won CW. Sex differences in impact of sarcopenia on falls in community-dwelling Korean older adults. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:716. [PMID: 34922482 PMCID: PMC8684116 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls are one of the most serious health problems among older adults. Sarcopenia is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass, strength, and physical function. Due to potentially age-related conditions, both falls and sarcopenia have common risk factors. However, the association between sarcopenia and falls is controversial. Moreover, the sex differences in the impact of sarcopenia on falls is not yet clear. This study aimed to investigate the sex differences in the impact of sarcopenia, defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), on falls in Korean older adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we used data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study; 2323 community-dwelling older adults (1111 males and 1212 females) aged 70-84 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study. To evaluate sarcopenia, the AWGS diagnostic algorithm was used. We compared the faller and non-faller groups. We performed unadjusted and fully adjusted logistic regression analyses to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia, falls, and fall-related fractures. RESULTS A total of 239 (24.1%) females in the faller group had a history of falls in the past year, which was statistically higher than that in males (176, 15.8%). In the fully adjusted model, handgrip strength (odds ratio [OR] = 1.508, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.028-2.211), and short physical performance battery (OR = 2.068, 95% CI = 1.308-3.271) were significantly lower in the male faller group. However, in the fully adjusted model, the female faller group only showed a significantly low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (OR = 1.419, 95% CI = 1.058-1.903). CONCLUSIONS This large cohort study aimed to identify the sex differences in the incidence of sarcopenia in the older Korean population, using the AWGS diagnostic algorithm, and its correlation with falls and fall-related fractures. The incidence of falls did not increase in the sarcopenia group. Among the sarcopenia components, sex differences affect the history of falls. Therefore, when studying the risk of falls in old age, sex differences should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsoo Soh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Won Won
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Xie WQ, Men C, He M, Li YS, Lv S. The Effect of MicroRNA-Mediated Exercise on Delaying Sarcopenia in Elderly Individuals. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820974543. [PMID: 33293908 PMCID: PMC7705785 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820974543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is often regarded as an early sign of weakness and is the core element
of muscle weakness in elderly individuals. Sarcopenia is closely related to the
reduction of exercise, and elderly individuals often suffer from decreased
muscle mass and function due to a lack of exercise. At present, studies have
confirmed that resistance and aerobic exercise are related to muscle mass,
strength and fiber type and to the activation and proliferation of muscle stem
cells (MuSCs). Increasing evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an
important role in exercise-related changes in the quantity, composition and
function of skeletal muscle. At the cellular level, miRNAs have been shown to
regulate the proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells. In addition,
miRNAs are related to the composition and transformation of muscle fibers and
involved in the transition of MuSCs from the resting state to the activated
state. Therefore, exercise may delay sarcopenia in elderly individuals by
regulating miRNAs in skeletal muscle. In future miRNA-focused treatment
strategies, these studies will provide valuable information for the formulation
of exercise methods and will provide useful and targeted exercise programs for
elderly individuals with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Xie
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Men
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao He
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Lv
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Chao YP, Chen WL, Peng TC, Wu LW, Liaw FY, Kao TW. Examining the association between muscle mass, muscle function, and fat indexes in an elderly population. Nutrition 2020; 83:111071. [PMID: 33360504 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Skeletal muscle mass with function decline indicated as sarcopenia, which may cause disability in elderly adults. Studies regarding fat composition in sarcopenia have gained attraction recently; however, different fat indexes have yielded different findings. It is necessary to explore the association between muscle mass, muscle function, and fat indexes among elderly adults. METHODS Community-dwelling elderly adults ages 65 and older who received annual health examination or outpatient services were enrolled. Hand grip strength and gait speed were measured. Muscle and fat mass were estimated by bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Presarcopenia was defined as loss of muscle mass only; sarcopenia was loss of muscle mass accompanied by low grip strength or/and slow gait speed. The relationships between sarcopenia parameters and different fat indexes among elderly adults were analyzed. RESULTS There were 295 participants recruited. The presarcopenia group showed lower fat indexes compared to the sarcopenia group. Negative correlations existed between sarcopenia parameters (skeletal muscle mass index, grip strength, gait speed) and fat indexes (body-fat percentage, fat-to-muscle ratio). In the multiple hierarchical regression model, gait speed was negatively associated with body-fat percentage (β = -0.255, P = 0.009) and fat-to-muscle ratio (β = -0.272, P = 0.005) in the male group. In the female group, grip strength was inversely associated with body-fat percentage (β = -0.232, P = 0.009) and fat-to-muscle ratio (β = -0.195, P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Individuals in the presarcopenia group had lower fat indexes than those in the sarcopenia group. Gait speed in men and hand grip strength in women-but not muscle mass for either- were negatively associated with body-fat percentage and fat-to-muscle ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ping Chao
- Division of Family Medicine and Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine and Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Family Medicine and Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Wei Wu
- Division of Family Medicine and Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fang-Yih Liaw
- Division of Family Medicine and Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine and Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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15
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Freiberger E, Sieber CC, Kob R. Mobility in Older Community-Dwelling Persons: A Narrative Review. Front Physiol 2020; 11:881. [PMID: 33041836 PMCID: PMC7522521 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the demographic changes and the increasing awareness of the role of physical function, mobility in older age is becoming an important topic. Mobility limitations have been reported as increasingly prevalent in older persons affecting about 35% of persons aged 70 and the majority of persons over 85 years. Mobility limitations have been associated with increased fall risk, hospitalization, a decreased quality of life, and even mortality. As concepts of mobility are multifactorial and complex, in this narrative review, definitions, physical factors, and their age-related changes associated with mobility will be presented. Also, areas of cognitive decline and their impact on mobility, as well as neuromuscular factors related to mobility will be addressed. Another section will relate psychological factors such as Fall-related psychological concerns and sedentary behavior to mobility. Assessment of mobility as well as effective exercise interventions are only shortly addressed. In the last part, gaps and future work on mobility in older persons are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Freiberger
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Cornel Christian Sieber
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Robert Kob
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
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16
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Camacho-Cardenosa M, Camacho-Cardenosa A, Tomas-Carus P, Olcina G, Timón R, Brazo-Sayavera J. Effects of whole-body vibration under hypoxic exposure on muscle mass and functional mobility in older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:625-632. [PMID: 31236796 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing is accompanied by a loss of muscle mass and function, which are associated with decrease of functional capacity. Combination of WBV training with normobaric hypoxic exposure could augment the beneficial effects due to synergic effects of both treatments. AIMS The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 36 sessions of the combined WBV training and normobaric hypoxic exposure on muscle mass and functional mobility in older adults. METHODS Nineteen elderly people were randomly assigned to a: vibration normoxic exposure group (NWBV; n = 10; 20.9% FiO2) and vibration hypoxic exposure group (HWBV; n = 9). Participants developed 36 sessions of WBV training along 18 weeks, which included 4 bouts of 30 s (12.6 Hz in frequency and 4 mm in amplitude) with 60 s of rest between bouts, inside a hypoxic chamber for the HWBV. The "Timed Up and Go Test" evaluated functional mobility. Percentages of lean mass were obtained with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Neither statistically significant within group variations nor statistically significant differences between both groups were detected to any parameter. DISCUSSION Baseline characteristics of population, training protocol and the level of hypoxia employed could cause different adaptations on muscle mass and function. CONCLUSIONS The combination of WBV training and hypoxic exposure did not cause any effect on either legs lean mass or functional mobility of older adults.
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17
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Hua X, Liu S, Liao JF, Wen W, Long ZQ, Lu ZJ, Guo L, Lin HX. When the Loss Costs Too Much: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Sarcopenia in Head and Neck Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1561. [PMID: 32117787 PMCID: PMC7012991 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Whether or not skeletal muscle mass (SMM) depletion, known as sarcopenia, has significant negative effects on the prognosis of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) is both new and controversial. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the prognostic significance of sarcopenia in HNC. Methods: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, which contain trial registries and meeting proceedings, to identify related published or unpublished studies. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) to appraise the risk of bias of the included retrospective studies. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and the I 2 statistic were estimated for the impact of sarcopenia on overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). Results: We analyzed data from 11 studies involving 2,483 patients (39.4% on average of whom had sarcopenia). Based on the univariate analysis data, the sarcopenia group had significantly poorer OS compared to the non-sarcopenia group [HR = 1.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71-2.26, I 2 = 0%]. In the cutoff value subgroup, group 1, defined as skeletal muscle index (SMI) of 38.5 cm2/m2 for women and 52.4 cm2/m2 for men (HR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.72-3.38, I 2 = 0%), had much poorer OS. In the race subgroup, the results were consistent between the Asia (HR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.59-2.81) and non-Asia group (HR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.64-2.25). The sarcopenia group also had significantly poorer RFS (HR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.43-2.12, I 2 = 0%). Conclusions: Presence of pre-treatment sarcopenia has a significant negative impact on OS and RFS in HNC compared with its absence. Further well-conducted studies with detailed stratification are needed to complement our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, SunYat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Fang Liao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Cancer Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, SunYat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, SunYat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, SunYat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, SunYat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, SunYat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Tyrovolas S, Panagiotakos D, Georgousopoulou E, Chrysohoou C, Tousoulis D, Haro JM, Pitsavos C. Skeletal muscle mass in relation to 10 year cardiovascular disease incidence among middle aged and older adults: the ATTICA study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2019; 74:26-31. [PMID: 31712252 PMCID: PMC6929696 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-212268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) is inversely associated with cardiometabolic health and the ageing process. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the relation between SMM and 10 year cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, among CVD-free adults 45+ years old. Methods ATTICA is a prospective, population-based study that recruited 3042 adults without pre-existing CVD from the Greek general population (Caucasians; age ≥18 years; 1514 men). The 10 year study follow-up (2011–2012) captured the fatal/non-fatal CVD incidence in 2020 participants (50% men). The working sample consisted of 1019 participants, 45+ years old (men: n=534; women: n=485). A skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was created to reflect SMM, using appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) standardised by body mass index (BMI). ASM and SMI were calculated with specific indirect population formulas. Results The 10 year CVD incidence increased significantly across the baseline SMI tertiles (p<0.001). Baseline SMM showed a significant inverse association with the 10 year CVD incidence (HR 0.06, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.78), even after adjusting for various confounders. Additionally, participants in the highest SMM tertile had 81% (95% CI 0.04 to 0.85) lower risk for a CVD event as compared with those in the lowest SMM tertile. Conclusions The presented findings support the importance of SMM evaluation in the prediction of long-term CVD risk among adults 45+ years old without pre-existing CVD. Preservation of SMM may contribute to CVD health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr Antoni Pujades, 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain .,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Science of Dietetics and Nutrition, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Science of Dietetics and Nutrition, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ekavi Georgousopoulou
- Department of Science of Dietetics and Nutrition, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr Antoni Pujades, 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
Aging has a significant impact not only on every single individual but on society as a whole. Today, people throughout the world exhibit an extended lifespan. Therefore, it becomes increasingly important to develop novel concepts that encourage a modern understanding of the aging process. The concept of healthy aging shifts the perception of aging as a burden towards aging as an opportunity for an extended healthy phase in later life. Morbidity and mortality in the elderly population are greatly defined by a raise in the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, it is critical to identify risk factors and underlying mechanisms that render the aging (cardio)vascular system prone to disease. In this review, we focus on structural mechanisms of arterial stiffening as a major manifestation of vascular aging and its functional implications for the concept of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel N. Schellinger
- From the Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., K.M., U.R.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Germany (I.N.S.)
| | - Karin Mattern
- From the Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., K.M., U.R.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research e.V., Partner site Gottingen, Germany (K.M., U.R.)
| | - Uwe Raaz
- From the Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., K.M., U.R.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research e.V., Partner site Gottingen, Germany (K.M., U.R.)
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Abstract
Since 2016 sarcopenia, the age-associated loss of muscle mass, strength and function, has the ICD-10-GM code M62.50 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, German Modification). The diagnosis of sarcopenia requires the combined presence of low muscle strength and low muscle mass. Well-established approaches for the prevention and therapy of sarcopenia are exercise programs-in particular strength, endurance and power training-and nutritional interventions, preferably a combination of both. Adequate protein intake is considered highly relevant, while the role of other nutrients involved in muscle metabolism (e. g. creatine, vitamin D, antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids) is less clear, being still the subject of controversial discussions. Innovative pharmacological therapies are currently under investigation and their future relevance for this indication is unclear. In general, it has to be stated that there are still only few intervention studies available that focused specifically on sarcopenia in older individuals. More studies in this rapidly increasing population are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goisser
- Netzwerk AlternsfoRschung (NAR) der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland. .,Geriatrisches Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg, Agaplesion Bethanien Krankenhaus gGmbH, Rohrbacher Straße 149, 69126, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
| | - R Kob
- Institut für Biomedizin des Alterns (IBA), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Deutschland
| | - C C Sieber
- Institut für Biomedizin des Alterns (IBA), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Deutschland.,Klinik für Innere Medizin, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Schweiz
| | - J M Bauer
- Netzwerk AlternsfoRschung (NAR) der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.,Geriatrisches Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg, Agaplesion Bethanien Krankenhaus gGmbH, Rohrbacher Straße 149, 69126, Heidelberg, Deutschland
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Park JM, Dong JJ, Lee JW, Shim JY, Lee YJ. The relationship between employment status and insulin resistance in the Korean elderly population. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:1385-1390. [PMID: 29549648 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-0934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study aimed to investigate the relationship between employment status and insulin resistance in the Korean elderly population. METHODS The study included 2325 healthy participants (862 men and 1463 women) who did not have diabetes, were 60-74 years old, and participated in the 2007-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Their employment status was categorized as employed or unemployed. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to assess insulin sensitivity. Insulin resistance was defined as values greater than the 75th percentile of the HOMA-IR (> 2.67 in men and > 2.87 in women). RESULTS Mean HOMA-IR values were significantly higher for both sexes in the unemployed group than in the employed group. Compared with the unemployed group, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for insulin resistance in the employed group were 0.55 (0.34-0.87) in men and 0.68 (0.47-0.98) in women after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Being employed was significantly associated with a lower risk of insulin resistance in the Korean elderly population. These findings suggest that insulin sensitivity could be increased by increasing physical activity through occupational activities in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-June Dong
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Shim
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Cho Y, Kim JW, Keum KC, Lee CG, Jeung HC, Lee IJ. Prognostic Significance of Sarcopenia With Inflammation in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Who Underwent Definitive Chemoradiotherapy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:457. [PMID: 30460194 PMCID: PMC6232888 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: With growing evidence that inflammation and low muscularity play a role in the survival of cancer patients, we evaluated the prognostic implications of sarcopenia with systemic inflammation in patients who underwent definitive chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locally advanced head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 221 patients with head and neck cancer who received definitive CCRT between 2006 and 2015. The skeletal muscle area was measured using a single computed tomography image slice at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3). Sarcopenia was defined as an L3 muscle index of <49 cm2/m2 for men and <31 cm2/m2 for women. Results: Patients with sarcopenia (n = 106) exhibited higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios (NLRs) than those without (n = 115); the former also had an inferior 3-year overall survival (OS) rate (62%) than the latter (76%, p = 0.037). Among patients with sarcopenia, those who also had high NLRs (n = 51) showed significantly poorer OS and progression-free survival (PFS). In the multivariate analysis, sarcopenia plus a high NLR remained the most significant predictor of poor OS and PFS. Patients with sarcopenia required more frequent interruption of RT; patients whose RT was interrupted for ≥5 days showed inferior disease control and OS. Conclusions: Sarcopenia accompanied by systemic inflammation at initial diagnosis is associated with significantly inferior OS and PFS. Additionally, patients with sarcopenia required RT interruption more frequently. Intensive nutritional support and additional treatment methods are required for these patients while undergoing RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeona Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Won Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Chang Keum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Geol Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hei Cheul Jeung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ik Jae Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Agostini D, Zeppa Donati S, Lucertini F, Annibalini G, Gervasi M, Ferri Marini C, Piccoli G, Stocchi V, Barbieri E, Sestili P. Muscle and Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women: Role of Protein and Vitamin D Supplementation Combined with Exercise Training. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081103. [PMID: 30115856 PMCID: PMC6116194 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is an age-dependent physiological condition associated with a natural decline in oestrogen levels, which causes a progressive decrease of muscle mass and strength and bone density. Sarcopenia and osteoporosis often coexist in elderly people, with a prevalence of the latter in elderly women. The profound interaction between muscle and bone induces a negative resonance between the two tissues affected by these disorders worsening the quality of life in the postmenopausal period. It has been estimated that at least 1 in 3 women over age 50 will experience osteoporotic fractures, often requiring hospitalisation and long-term care, causing a large financial burden to health insurance systems. Hormonal replacement therapy is effective in osteoporosis prevention, but concerns have been raised with regard to its safety. On the whole, the increase in life expectancy for postmenopausal women along with the need to improve their quality of life makes it necessary to develop specific and safe therapeutic strategies, alternative to hormonal replacement therapy, targeting both sarcopenia and osteoporosis progression. This review will examine the rationale and the effects of dietary protein, vitamin D and calcium supplementation combined with a specifically-designed exercise training prescription as a strategy to counteract these postmenopausal-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Agostini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Sabrina Zeppa Donati
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Giosuè Annibalini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Carlo Ferri Marini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029 (PU), Italy.
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Effects of multicomponent training on lean and bone mass in postmenopausal and older women: a systematic review. Menopause 2018; 25:346-356. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Frailty, Sarcopenia and Falls. PERSPECTIVES IN NURSING MANAGEMENT AND CARE FOR OLDER ADULTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76681-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Ahangar AA, Khoshmanzar H, Heidari B, Bijani A, Hosseini R, Gholinia H, Saadat P, Babaei M. Prevalence and the Determinants of Physical Activity in an Elderly Cohort of 60 years and more. A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-017-9315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Rouxel P, Webb E, Chandola T. Does public transport use prevent declines in walking speed among older adults living in England? A prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017702. [PMID: 28963309 PMCID: PMC5652510 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although there is some evidence that public transport use confers public health benefits, the evidence is limited by cross-sectional study designs and health-related confounding factors. This study examines the effect of public transport use on changes in walking speed among older adults living in England, comparing frequent users of public transport to their peers who did not use public transport because of structural barriers (poor public transport infrastructure) or through choice. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING England, UK. PARTICIPANTS Older adults aged ≥60 years eligible for the walking speed test. 6246 individuals at wave 2 (2004-2005); 5909 individuals at wave 3 (2006-2007); 7321 individuals at wave 4 (2008-2009); 7535 individuals at wave 5 (2010-2011) and 7664 individuals at wave 6 (2012-2013) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The walking speed was estimated from the time taken to walk 2.4 m. Fixed effects models and growth curve models were used to examine the associations between public transport use and walking speed. RESULTS Older adults who did not use public transport through choice or because of structural reasons had slower walking speeds (-0.02 m/s (95% CI -0.03 to -0.003) and -0.02 m/s (95% CI -0.03 to -0.01), respectively) and took an extra 0.07 s to walk 2.4 m compared with their peers who used public transport frequently. The age-related trajectories of decline in walking speed were slower for frequent users of public transport compared with non-users. CONCLUSIONS Frequent use of public transport may prevent age-related decline in physical capability by promoting physical activity and lower limb muscle strength among older adults. The association between public transport use and slower decline in walking speed among older adults is unlikely to be confounded by health-related selection factors. Improving access to good quality public transport could improve the health of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rouxel
- CLOSER, Department of Social Science, University College London Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Webb
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, International Centre for Lifecourse Studies, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tarani Chandola
- CMIST and Department of Social Statistics, University of Manchester, London, UK
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Steffl M, Bohannon RW, Sontakova L, Tufano JJ, Shiells K, Holmerova I. Relationship between sarcopenia and physical activity in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:835-845. [PMID: 28553092 PMCID: PMC5441519 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s132940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) has been identified as beneficial for many diseases and health disorders, including sarcopenia. The positive influence of PA interventions on sarcopenia has been described previously on many occasions. Current reviews on the topic include studies with varied PA interventions for sarcopenia; nevertheless, no systematic review exploring the effects of PA in general on sarcopenia has been published. The main aim of this study was to explore the relationship between PA and sarcopenia in older people on the basis of cross-sectional and cohort studies. We searched PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and ScienceDirect for articles addressing the relationship between PA and sarcopenia. Twenty-five articles were ultimately included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. A statistically significant association between PA and sarcopenia was documented in most of the studies, as well as the protective role of PA against sarcopenia development. Furthermore, the meta-analysis indicated that PA reduces the odds of acquiring sarcopenia in later life (odds ratio [OR] =0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37–0.55). The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis confirm the beneficial influence of PA in general for the prevention of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Steffl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard W Bohannon
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA
| | - Lenka Sontakova
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - James J Tufano
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kate Shiells
- Faculty of Humanities, Centre of Gerontology, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Holmerova
- Faculty of Humanities, Centre of Gerontology, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Rodrigues MD, Borin SH, Silva CAD. Relações metabólicas em ratos sob o treinamento anaeróbio em escada. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS DO ESPORTE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbce.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Bruyère O, Beaudart C, Locquet M, Buckinx F, Petermans J, Reginster JY. Sarcopenia as a public health problem. Eur Geriatr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Tyrovolas S, Koyanagi A, Olaya B, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Miret M, Chatterji S, Tobiasz-Adamczyk B, Koskinen S, Leonardi M, Haro JM. Factors associated with skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a multi-continent study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:312-21. [PMID: 27239412 PMCID: PMC4864288 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with low skeletal muscle mass (SMM), sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity using nationally representative samples of people aged ≥65 years from diverse geographical regions of the world. METHODS Data were available for 18 363 people aged ≥65 years who participated in the Collaborative Research on Ageing in Europe survey conducted in Finland, Poland, and Spain, and the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health survey conducted in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa, between 2007 and 2012. A skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was created to reflect SMM. SMM, SMI, and percent body fat (%BF) were calculated with specific indirect population formulas. These estimates were based on age, sex, weight, height, and race. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were defined with specific cut-offs. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 12.6% (Poland) to 17.5% (India), and that of sarcopenic obesity ranged from 1.3% (India) to 11.0% (Spain). Higher %BF was associated with lower SMM in all countries, and with sarcopenia in five countries (p < 0.001). Compared to high levels of physical activity, low levels were related with higher odds for sarcopenia [OR 1.36 (95%CI 1.11-1.67)] and sarcopenic obesity [OR 1.80 (95%CI 1.23-2.64)] in the overall sample. Also, a dose-dependent association between higher numbers of chronic diseases and sarcopenic obesity was observed. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity and body composition changes such as high %BF are key factors for the prevention of sarcopenia syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu Universitat de Barcelona. Fundació Sant Joan de Déu Dr Antoni Pujades, 42 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat BarcelonaSpain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu Universitat de Barcelona. Fundació Sant Joan de Déu Dr Antoni Pujades, 42 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat BarcelonaSpain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - Beatriz Olaya
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu Universitat de Barcelona. Fundació Sant Joan de Déu Dr Antoni Pujades, 42 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat BarcelonaSpain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11 28029 Madrid Spain; Department of Psychiatry Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario la Princesa Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Miret
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11 28029 Madrid Spain; Department of Psychiatry Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Hospital Universitario la Princesa Madrid Spain
| | - Somnath Chatterji
- Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland
| | | | - Seppo Koskinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit Neurological Institute 'Carlo Besta' Foundation IRCCS (Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico) Milan Italy
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu Universitat de Barcelona. Fundació Sant Joan de Déu Dr Antoni Pujades, 42 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat BarcelonaSpain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11 28029 Madrid Spain
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Rogan S, Radlinger L, Baur H, Schmidtbleicher D, de Bie RA, de Bruin ED. Sensory-motor training targeting motor dysfunction and muscle weakness in long-term care elderly combined with motivational strategies: a single blind randomized controlled study. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2016; 13:4. [PMID: 27239241 PMCID: PMC4884400 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-016-0164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the effects of a combined innovative training regime consisting of stochastic resonance whole-body vibration (SR-WBV) and a dance video game (DVG) on physical performance and muscle strength in long-term-care dwelling elderly. METHODS Thirthy long-term-care elderly were randomly allocated to an intervention group (IG; n = 16) receiving combined SR-WBV training and DVG, or a sham group (SG; n = 14). IG performed five sets one minute of SR-WBV, with one minute rest between sets (base frequency 3 Hz up to 6 Hz, Noise 4) during the first five weeks on three days per week. From week five to eight a DVG was added to SR-WBV for IG on three days per week. SG performed a five-set SR-WBV program (1 Hz, Noise 1) lasting five times one minute, with one minute rest in between, three days a week. From week five to eight stepping exercises on a trampoline were added on three days per week. PRIMARY OUTCOME Short physical performance battery (SPPB). Secondary outcome: isometric maximal voluntary contraction (IMVC), and sub phases of IMVC (Fsub), isometric rate of force development (IRFD) and sub time phases of IRFD (IRFDsub) were measured at baseline, after four and eight weeks. ANOVA with repeated measures was used for analyses of time and interaction effects and MANOVA determined between group intervention effects. RESULTS Between group effects revealed significant effects on the SPPB primary outcome after four weeks F(1, 27) = 6.17; p = 0.02) and after eight weeks F(1,27) = 11.8; p = 0.002). Secondary muscle function related outcome showed significant between group effects in IG on IRFD, Fsub 30 ms, 100 ms, 200 ms and IRFDsub 0-30 ms, 0-50 ms, 0-100 ms and 100-200 ms compared to SG (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Eight weeks SR-WBV and DVG intervention improved lower extremity physical function and muscle strength compared to a sham intervention in long-term-care elderly. SR-WBV and DVG seems to be effective as a training regime for skilling up in long-term-care elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavko Rogan
- Discipline Physiotherapy, Health, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland ; Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenz Radlinger
- Discipline Physiotherapy, Health, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heiner Baur
- Discipline Physiotherapy, Health, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Rob A de Bie
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands ; Centre for Evidence Based Physiotherapy, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eling D de Bruin
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands ; Centre for Evidence Based Physiotherapy, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands ; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, HIT J 31.2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Zeng P, Han Y, Pang J, Wu S, Gong H, Zhu J, Li J, Zhang T. Sarcopenia-related features and factors associated with lower muscle strength and physical performance in older Chinese: a cross sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2016; 16:45. [PMID: 26879964 PMCID: PMC4754915 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-016-0220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations of sarcopenia with adverse health status have highlighted the importance of sarcopenia research and intervention. This study was designed to analyze the characteristics of aging-related differences in appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), handgrip strength (HS), gait speed (GS) and their associated factors in older Chinese, in order to generate guidance for sarcopenia intervention in this population. METHODS Population-based cross-sectional study. The criteria proposed by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia were used to define low ASM, HS, and GS. The time required for five repeated chair stands (RCS) was also measured to evaluate physical performance. The differences of continuous variables were compared using one-way ANOVA tests and the Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship of each measurement adjusted by gender and age. Stepwise logistic regression was used to determine associated factors of low HS and low physical performance. RESULTS The data were analyzed in a total of 218 younger adults (aged 20-59, 76 males, 142 females) and 461 older adults (≥60 year, 207 males and 254 females). There were significant differences among age groups for HS, GS, and RCS while females were found to have significantly lower HS and GS values. ASM was significantly correlated with HS but not with other measures. Correlations among HS and GS, RCS were influenced by age differences. In the older group, unstructured daily routine (OR = 2.77) was associated with the risk of low GS, while physical exercise (OR = 0.27), and engaging in hobbies (OR = 0.11) were associated with faster GS. Co-morbidity (OR = 1.99) was associated with the risk of reduced performance of RCS, while engaging in hobbies was associated with faster RCS performance (OR = 0.35). CONCLUSIONS Muscle strength and physical performance varied with aging in older Chinese. Measures of GS, HS, and RCS provide a readily available and effective method for assessing the risk of functional mobility decline. Maintaining a healthy life style and physical activity throughout life is beneficial for older people to improve their physical performance, especially in the early stages of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yiwen Han
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jing Pang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Sinan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Huan Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Tiemei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Clinical Screening Tools for Sarcopenia and Its Management. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2016; 2016:5978523. [PMID: 26966433 PMCID: PMC4757731 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5978523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in muscle mass and function, is affecting the older population worldwide. Sarcopenia is associated with poor health outcomes, such as falls, disability, loss of independence, and mortality; however it is potentially treatable if recognized and intervened early. Over the last two decades, there has been significant expansion of research in this area. Currently there is international recognition of a need to identify the condition early for intervention and prevention of the disastrous consequences of sarcopenia if left untreated. There are currently various screening tools proposed. As yet, there is no consensus on the best tool. Effective interventions of sarcopenia include physical exercise and nutrition supplementation. This review paper examined the screening tools and interventions for sarcopenia.
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Rogan S, Radlinger L, Schmidtbleicher D, de Bie RA, de Bruin ED. Preliminary inconclusive results of a randomised double blinded cross-over pilot trial in long-term-care dwelling elderly assessing the feasibility of stochastic resonance whole-body vibration. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2015; 12:5. [PMID: 26865869 PMCID: PMC4745146 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-015-0150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This randomised double-blinded controlled cross-over pilot study examined feasibility and preliminary effects of stochastic resonance whole-body vibration training applied in long term care elderly. Findings Nine long term care elderly were recruited and randomized to group A (6 Hz, Noise 4 SR-WBV/ Sham) or B (Sham / 1 Hz, Noise 1 SR-WBV). Feasibility outcomes included recruitment rate, attrition, adherence and safety. Physical performance outcomes focused on the Expanded Timed Get Up-and-Go (ETGUG) test, the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and lower extremity muscle strength. Of 24 subjects initially approached 9 started and 5 completed the study resulting in 37.5 recruitment, 44.4 attrition and 81.7 % adherence rates. No adverse events were reported. There is more evidence of improved performance levels in the SR-WBV treatment group with significant differences in average change for isometric rate of force development (p = 0.016 left leg; p = 0.028 right leg). No statistical significance was reached for other parameters. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that the used training protocol for long term care elderly is feasible, however, requires more closely monitoring of participants; e.g. needs protocol modifications that target improved compliance with the intervention in this setting. SR-WBV shows beneficial effects on physical performance for those adhering to the intervention. Trial registration U.S. National Institutes of Health NCT01543243 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s11556-015-0150-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavko Rogan
- Department Health, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, HIT J 31.2, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Radlinger
- Department Health, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Rob A de Bie
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Evidence Based Physiotherapy, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eling D de Bruin
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Evidence Based Physiotherapy, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, HIT J 31.2, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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An Administrator's Perspective on the Organization of Physical Activity for Older Adults in Long-Term Care Facilities. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015; 17:75-84. [PMID: 26432625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The positive influence of physical activity (PA) on health is well documented. Even at old age, PA remains useful but participation in PA decreases with age. In long-term care facilities (LTCFs), PA appears to be reduced to a bare minimum. Because administrators have a key role in developing the care policy of LTCFs, it is important that they support the organization of PA in LTCFs. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this mixed-method study was to identify motivators and barriers for organizing PA in LTCFs according to administrators. A secondary goal was to examine the knowledge of the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines regarding PA and to reveal potential motivators and barriers for the implementation of the guidelines. METHODS First, 24 administrators completed semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed using the deductive approach of qualitative content analysis. The obtained motivators and barriers were categorized on 3 different levels (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community) according to the socioecological model by 2 independent reviewers; conflicts were resolved with a third researcher. Next, 127 administrators of Flemish (Belgium) LTCFs completed an online questionnaire survey containing open-ended, unique, and multiple choice questions regarding the LTCFs, PA, and the WHO guidelines, as well as statements (scored on a 5-point Likert scale) regarding perceived motivators and barriers for organizing PA sessions in the LTCF. RESULTS In the qualitative component, the administrators reported 31 motivators and 24 barriers for organizing PA in the LTCF. In the survey, maintaining or enhancing general health of the residents (98%) and improving the psychological well-being of the residents were marked as key motivators at the intrapersonal level. The administrators (97%) were convinced that PA is a useful way to spend time for LTCF residents. Encouraging social contact (94%) and countering loneliness (86%) are the motivators cited at the interpersonal level. At the community level, the infrastructure of the facility (91%) and adequate and sufficient material (88%) are the main motivators. The barriers that were presented to the participants were scored as less important. The majority of the administrators (83%) are not familiar with the WHO guidelines for PA; 70% of the participants believe that the guidelines are useful, but only 40% is convinced that it is realistic to implement the guidelines in an LTCF. CONCLUSIONS This study described different motivators and barriers for administrators to organize PA in LTCFs. Contrary to other studies, lack of staff, lack of adequate equipment, and lack of financial resources were rejected as potential barriers for organizing PA. Despite the fact that administrators were not familiar with the WHO guidelines for PA, they believed that the guidelines are useful. The participants reported several barriers for implementation of the guidelines. Administrators of LTCFs are motivated to implement the guidelines if PA can be integrated in daily activities and education of LTCF staff regarding PA is provided.
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STEFFL M, BOHANNON RW, PETR M, KOHLIKOVA E, HOLMEROVA I. Relation Between Cigarette Smoking and Sarcopenia: Meta-Analysis. Physiol Res 2015; 64:419-26. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for many diseases. It could be associated with sarcopenia. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine whether smoking is an isolated risk factor for sarcopenia. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Science Direct for articles addressing the relationship between cigarette smoking and sarcopenia. A total of 12 studies containing information on 22,515 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated for each study group and for all studies together. An OR was also calculated separately for each sex. We used a fixed-effect model in overall estimation and in males, because results of small studies were significantly different from the results of large studies in those cases and in females where the estimation showed only moderate heterogeneity we used a random-effect model. According to proposes of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. The resulting OR in the fixed-effect model was 1.12 (95 % CI 1.03-1.21), OR for each sex was in the fixed-effect model 1.20 (95 % CI 1.06-1.35) in males and in the random-effect model 1.21 (95 % CI 0.92-1.59) in females. The results of this meta-analysis indicate that cigarette smoking as an isolated factor may contribute to the development of sarcopenia. However, the results of the individual studies were largely inconsistent due to different approaches of measuring the main variables which affected the results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - E. KOHLIKOVA
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Rogan S, Radlinger L, Hilfiker R, Schmidtbleicher D, de Bie RA, de Bruin ED. Feasibility and effects of applying stochastic resonance whole-body vibration on untrained elderly: a randomized crossover pilot study. BMC Geriatr 2015; 15:25. [PMID: 25886789 PMCID: PMC4371632 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-015-0021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is associated with loss of balance and activity in daily life. It impacts postural control and increases the risk of falls. The current study was conducted to determine the feasibility and long-term impact of stochastic resonance whole-body vibration (SR-WBV) on static and dynamic balance and reaction time among elderly individuals. Methods A randomized crossover pilot study with blinding of the participants. Twenty elderly were divided into group A (SR-WBV 5 Hz, Noise 4/SR-WBV 1 Hz, Noise 1) or group B (SR-WBV 1 Hz, Noise 1/SR-WBV 5 Hz, Noise 1). Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, compliance and safety. Secondary outcomes were Semi-Tandem Stand (STS), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Expanded Timed Get Up-and-Go (ETGUG), walking under single (ST) & dual task (DT) conditions, hand and foot reaction time (RTH/RTF). Puri and Sen Rank-Order L Statistics were used to analyse carry-over effects. To analyse SR-WBV effects Wilcoxon signed-ranked tests were used. Results With good recruitment rate (55%) and compliance (attrition 15%; adherence 85%) rates the intervention was deemed feasible. Three participants dropped out, two due to knee pain and one for personal reasons. ETGUG 0 to 2 m (p = 0.143; ES: 0.36) and ETGUG total time (p = 0.097; ES: 0.40) showed medium effect sizes. Conclusions Stochastic resonance training is feasible in untrained elderly resulting in good recruitment and compliance. Low volume SR-WBV exercises over 12 training sessions with 5 Hz, Noise 4 seems a sufficient stimulus to improve ETGUG total time. The stimulation did not elicit changes in other outcomes. Trial registration This trial has been registered at the U.S. National Institutes of Health under ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01045746.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavko Rogan
- Bern University of Applied Sciences, Health, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Centre for Evidence Based Physiotherapy, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Roger Hilfiker
- HES-SO // University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland; Valais, Sion, Switzerland.
| | | | - Rob A de Bie
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Centre for Evidence Based Physiotherapy, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eling D de Bruin
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Centre for Evidence Based Physiotherapy, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, HIT J 31.2, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Scherder E, Scherder R, Verburgh L, Königs M, Blom M, Kramer AF, Eggermont L. Executive functions of sedentary elderly may benefit from walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 22:782-91. [PMID: 23636004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2012.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the present meta-analysis was to address studies that examined the relationship between walking as one of the most prevalent types of leisure-time activity and executive function being a higher-order cognitive function essential for independent functioning. METHODS The following data sources were used: English-language publications in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cinahl, and Cochrane; the last search took place in January 2012. From these data sources, only randomized controlled trials including older people with (N = 3) and without (N = 5) cognitive impairment were selected. RESULTS Walking has been shown to improve set-shifting and inhibition in sedentary older persons without cognitive impairment (d = 0.36; 95% confidence interval: 0.16-0.55; z = 3.56; p <0.0001). In older persons with cognitive impairment, walking did not show improvements in executive functioning (d = 0.14; 95% confidence interval: -0.36-0.64; z = 0.35; p = 0.56). CONCLUSION This finding is clinically relevant because participation in a walking program may prevent or postpone a (further) decline in executive function in those who are sedentary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Scherder
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Rogier Scherder
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lot Verburgh
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marsh Königs
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Blom
- Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Laura Eggermont
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abe T, Nahar VK, Young KC, Patterson KM, Stover CD, Lajza DG, Tribby AC, Geddam DAR, Ford MA, Bass MA, Loftin M. Skeletal Muscle Mass, Bone Mineral Density, and Walking Performance in Masters Cyclists. Rejuvenation Res 2014; 17:291-6. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Abe
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Vinayak K. Nahar
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
| | - Kaelin C. Young
- Department of Human Performance Studies, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas
| | - Kaitlyn M. Patterson
- Department of Human Performance Studies, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas
| | - Caitlin D. Stover
- Department of Human Performance Studies, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas
| | - David G. Lajza
- Department of Human Performance Studies, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas
| | - Aaron C. Tribby
- Department of Human Performance Studies, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas
| | - David A. R. Geddam
- Department of Human Performance Studies, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas
| | - M. Allison Ford
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
| | - Martha A. Bass
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
| | - Mark Loftin
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
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Ziegler A, Verdolini Abbott K, Johns M, Klein A, Hapner ER. Preliminary data on two voice therapy interventions in the treatment of presbyphonia. Laryngoscope 2014; 124:1869-76. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.24548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Ziegler
- Emory Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Katherine Verdolini Abbott
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Johns
- Emory Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia
| | | | - Edie R. Hapner
- Emory Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia
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Archer E, Hand GA, Hébert JR, Lau EY, Wang X, Shook RP, Fayad R, Lavie CJ, Blair SN. Validation of a novel protocol for calculating estimated energy requirements and average daily physical activity ratio for the US population: 2005-2006. Mayo Clin Proc 2013; 88:1398-407. [PMID: 24290113 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the PAR protocol, a novel method for calculating population-level estimated energy requirements (EERs) and average physical activity ratio (APAR), in a nationally representative sample of US adults. METHODS Estimates of EER and APAR values were calculated via a factorial equation from a nationally representative sample of 2597 adults aged 20 and 74 years (US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; data collected between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2006). Validation of the PAR protocol-derived EER (EER(PAR)) values was performed via comparison with values from the Institute of Medicine EER equations (EER(IOM)). RESULTS The correlation between EER(PAR) and EER(IOM) was high (0.98; P<.001). The difference between EER(PAR) and EER(IOM) values ranged from 40 kcal/d (1.2% higher than EER(IOM)) in obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥30) men to 148 kcal/d (5.7% higher) in obese women. The 2005-2006 EERs for the US population were 2940 kcal/d for men and 2275 kcal/d for women and ranged from 3230 kcal/d in obese (BMI ≥30) men to 2026 kcal/d in normal weight (BMI <25) women. There were significant inverse relationships between APAR and both obesity and age. For men and women, the APAR values were 1.53 and 1.52, respectively. Obese men and women had lower APAR values than normal weight individuals (P¼.023 and P¼.015, respectively) [corrected], and younger individuals had higher APAR values than older individuals (P<.001). CONCLUSION The PAR protocol is an accurate method for deriving nationally representative estimates of EER and APAR values. These descriptive data provide novel quantitative baseline values for future investigations into associations of physical activity and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Archer
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
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Rahi B, Morais JA, Dionne IJ, Gaudreau P, Payette H, Shatenstein B. The combined effects of diet quality and physical activity on maintenance of muscle strength among diabetic older adults from the NuAge cohort. Exp Gerontol 2013; 49:40-6. [PMID: 24269377 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic older adults are at a higher risk of muscle strength (MS) decline than their non-diabetic counterparts. Adequate protein and energy intakes and physical activity (PA) may preserve MS during aging. However, the role of diet quality (DQ) in MS maintenance is still unknown. This study aimed to determine the association between DQ - alone or combined with PA - and changes in MS over 3 years in diabetic participants aged 67 to 84 years at recruitment in a secondary analysis of the longitudinal observational NuAge study. Changes in handgrip, knee extensor and elbow flexor strengths were calculated as the difference between recruitment (T1) and after 3 years (T4) in 156 diabetic older adults. Baseline DQ was calculated from 3 non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls collected at T1 using the validated Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI). Change in PA was calculated from Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) as PASE T4-PASE T1. Four combinations of variables were created: C-HEI<70 with PASE change either < or > median and C-HEI ≥ 70 with PASE change either < or > median. The association between these four categories and MS maintenance was evaluated using General Linear Modeling (GLM). Analyses were stratified by sex and controlled for covariates. Baseline DQ alone was not associated with MS maintenance. Baseline DQ combined with PASE change showed associations with crude and baseline adjusted handgrip strength (p=0.031, p=0.018) and crude and baseline adjusted elbow flexor change (p=0.028, p=0.017) in males only; no significant results were found for knee extensor strength in either males or females. While findings for females were inconclusive, results demonstrate that better adherence to dietary guidelines combined with a more active lifestyle may prevent MS decline among diabetic older males. Additional research is needed on a larger sample since generalization of these results is limited by the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Rahi
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - José A Morais
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, Canada
| | - Isabelle J Dionne
- Faculté d'Éducation Physique et Sportive, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CSSS-IUGS, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Hélène Payette
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CSSS-IUGS, Canada; Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Bryna Shatenstein
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Canada; Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Canada.
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Ryu M, Jo J, Lee Y, Chung YS, Kim KM, Baek WC. Association of physical activity with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in community-dwelling older adults: the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Age Ageing 2013; 42:734-40. [PMID: 23761456 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE this study examined the association of physical activity with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity among the community-dwelling Korean elderly. METHODS subjects consisted of 2,264 aged 65 years or older in the 2008-09 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Sarcopenia was defined as 2 SD below the mean of the appendicular skeletal muscle/weight for healthy young adults. Obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 85 cm for women. Levels of physical activity were classified using the metabolic equivalent task method. RESULTS the prevalence of sarcopenia was 12.1% in men and 11.9% in women. Among those with sarcopenia, obesity was prevalent in 68.3% of men and 65.0% of women. Adjusting for all covariates, compared with those with low physical activity, men who engaged in moderate and high activity were 38% and 74%, respectively, less likely to have sarcopenia (Ptrend < 0.001). In women, the relationship between physical activity and sarcopenia was not significant. For sarcopenic obesity, men participating in moderate [odds ratio (OR) = 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26-0.87] and high (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.12-0.60) physical activity, compared with low activity, had significantly lower risk (Ptrend = 0.001). In women, high physical activity was associated with a lower risk of sarcopenic obesity (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22-0.86). CONCLUSION physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in older Korean adults. There were gender differences in the relationship, with stronger associations observed in men than in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyung Ryu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon 443-721, Republic of Korea
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Kwan P. Sarcopenia: the gliogenic perspective. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 134:349-55. [PMID: 23831860 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been approximately 25 years since Dr. Rosenberg first brought attention to sarcopenia. To date, this aging-associated condition is recognized as a chronic loss of muscle mass and is usually accompanied by dynapenia. Despite its poly-etiological factors, sarcopenia has a strong neurogenic component underlying this chrono-degeneration of muscle mass, as shown in recent studies. As it seems plausible to explain the origin of sarcopenia through a motor neuron degeneration model, the focus of sarcopenia research should combine neuroscience with the study of the original myocyte and satellite cells. Although a complete mechanism underlying the development of sarcopenia has yet to be elucidated, we propose that the primary trigger of sarcopenia could be gliogenic in origin based on the close relationship between the glia, neurons and non-neural cells, for example, the motor unit and its associated glia in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In addition to muscle cells, both of the neural cells are affected by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Kwan
- ST013a, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
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Shefer G, Rauner G, Stuelsatz P, Benayahu D, Yablonka-Reuveni Z. Moderate-intensity treadmill running promotes expansion of the satellite cell pool in young and old mice. FEBS J 2013; 280:4063-73. [PMID: 23464362 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Satellite cells, the myogenic progenitors located at the myofibre surface, are essential for the repair of adult skeletal muscle. There is ample evidence for an age-linked decline in the number of satellite cells and performance in limb muscles. Hence, an effective means of activating and expanding the satellite cell pool may enhance muscle maintenance and reduce the impact of age-associated muscle deterioration (sarcopaenia). Accordingly, in the present study, we explored the beneficial effects of endurance exercise on satellite cells in young and old mice. Animals were subjected to an 8-week moderate-intensity treadmill-running approach that does not inflict apparent muscle damage (0° inclination, 11.5 m·min(-1) for 30 min·day(-1) , 6 days·week(-1) ). Myofibres of extensor digitorum longus muscles were then isolated from exercised and sedentary mice and used for monitoring the number of satellite cells, as well as for harvesting individual satellite cells for clonal growth assays. We specifically focused on satellite cell pools of single myofibres, with the view that daily wear of muscles probably affects individual myofibres rather than causing overall muscle damage. We found an expansion of the satellite cell pool in the exercised groups compared to the sedentary groups, with the same increase (~ 1.6-fold) in both ages. The results of the present study are in agreement with our findings obtained using rat gastrocnemius, indicating the consistent effect of exercise on satellite cell expansion in limb muscles. The experimental paradigm established in the present study is useful for investigating satellite cell dynamics at the myofibre niche, as well as for broader investigations of the impact of physiologically and pathologically relevant factors on adult myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabi Shefer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Abstract
Sarcopenia is an aging-associated condition, which is currently characterized by the loss of muscle mass and muscle strength. However, there is no consensus regarding its characterization hitherto. As the world older adult population is on the rise, the impact of sarcopenia becomes greater. Due to the lack of effective treatments, sarcopenia is still a persisting problem among the global older adults and should not be overlooked. As a result, it is vital to investigate deeper into the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of sarcopenia in order to develop more effective therapeutic interventions and to inscribe a more uniform characterization. The etiology of sarcopenia is currently found to be multifactorial, and most of the pharmacological researches are focused on the muscular factors in aging. Although the complete mechanism underlying the development of sarcopenia is still waiting to be elucidated, we propose in this article that the primary trigger of sarcopenia may be neurogenic in origin based on the intimate relationship between the nervous and muscular system, namely, the motor neuron and its underlying muscle fibers. Both of them are affected by the cellular environment and their physiological activity.
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Abstract
The term sarcopenia describes the loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function in old age. As the world population continues to grow older, more attention is given to the phenomena of sarcopenia and the search for strategies of prevention and treatment. The progression of sarcopenia is affected by age-related physiological and systemic changes in the body, including alterations in skeletal muscle tissue, hormonal changes, increased inflammatory activities, and oxidative stress. Sarcopenia progression is also affected by lifestyle factors which are far more controllable. These factors include various aspects of nutrition, physical activity, exercise, alcohol intake, and tobacco use. Raising the public awareness regarding the impact of these factors, as causes of sarcopenia and potential strategies of prevention and treatment, is of great importance. In this review we aim to describe various lifestyle factors that affect the etiology, prevention, and treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel and
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Miura M, Seki K, Ito O, Handa Y, Kohzuki M. Electrical Stimulation of the Abdomen Preserves Motor Performance in the Inactive Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2012; 228:93-101. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.228.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Misa Miura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Osamu Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasunobu Handa
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masahiro Kohzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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Leite LEDA, Resende TDL, Nogueira GM, Cruz IBMD, Schneider RH, Gottlieb MGV. Envelhecimento, estresse oxidativo e sarcopenia: uma abordagem sistêmica. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1809-98232012000200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: a sarcopenia é caracterizada pela perda de massa e funcionalidade muscular e está associada a uma série de disfunções e doenças sistêmicas que acometem os idosos. Também é um dos parâmetros utilizados para definição da síndrome de fragilidade, que é altamente prevalente em idosos, conferindo maior risco para quedas, fraturas, incapacidade, dependência, hospitalização recorrente e mortalidade. Recentemente, a literatura tem reportado que a etiopatogenia da sarcopenia está intimamente relacionada com um aumento na taxa de produção de espécie reativa de oxigênio (ERO), o que pode ocasionar a denervação, perda e atrofia de fibras musculares e consequente perda da força muscular. OBJETIVO: realizar uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre o papel do estresse oxidativo na gênese da sarcopenia. MÉTODO: revisão narrativa. Foram consultadas as bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e SciElo. As buscas foram feitas através das expressões: sarcopenia e envelhecimento, perda de massa muscular em idosos, estresse oxidativo, inflamação e sarcopenia e epidemiologia da sarcopenia. Resultados: a etiologia da sarcopenia é multifatorial e envolve a interação de diversos fatores, incluindo aspectos genéticos, metabólicos, estilo de vida, como os hábitos alimentares (ingestão protéica) e de gasto energético (atividade física), e as EROs desempenham papel-chave na mediação do processo de perda de massa e função muscular associado ao envelhecimento. CONCLUSÃO: ao longo do processo de envelhecimento, o estresse oxidativo torna-se mais perigoso, uma vez que, associado ao declínio dos hormônios sexuais, que exercem efeitos anabólicos sobre o tecido músculo-esquelético, pode acelerar a perda e atrofia desse tecido.
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