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Sandhu A, Rawat K, Gautam V, Kumar A, Sharma A, Bhatia A, Grover S, Saini L, Saha L. Neuroprotective effect of PPAR gamma agonist in rat model of autism spectrum disorder: Role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 135:111126. [PMID: 39179196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical manifestation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to the disruption of fundamental neurodevelopmental pathways. Emerging evidences claim to have an upregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway while downregulation of PPARγ pathway in ASD. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, in rat model of ASD. The study further explores the possible role of PPARγ and Wnt/β-catenin pathway and their interaction in ASD by using their modulators. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pregnant female Wistar rats received 600 mg/kg of valproic acid (VPA) to induce autistic symptoms in pups. Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) was used to evaluate neurobehaviors, relative mRNA expression of inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), apoptotic markers (Bcl-2, Bax, & Caspase-3) and histopathology (H&E, Nissl stain, Immunohistochemistry). Effect of pioglitazone was evaluated on Wnt pathway and 4 μg/kg dose of 6-BIO (Wnt modulator) was used to study the PPARγ pathway. RESULTS ASD model was established in pups as indicated by core autistic symptoms, increased neuroinflammation, apoptosis and histopathological neurodegeneration in cerebellum, hippocampus and amygdala. Pioglitazone significantly attenuated these alterations in VPA-exposed rats. The expression study results indicated an increase in key transcription factor, β-catenin in VPA-rats suggesting an upregulation of canonical Wnt pathway in them. Pioglitazone significantly downregulated the Wnt signaling by suppressing the expression of Wnt signaling-associated proteins. The inhibiting effect of Wnt pathway on PPARγ activity was indicated by downregulation of PPARγ-associated protein in VPA-exposed rats and those administered with 6-BIO. CONCLUSION In the present study, upregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway was demonstrated in ASD rat model. Pioglitazone administration significantly ameliorated these symptoms potentially through its neuroprotective effect and its ability to downregulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The antagonism between the PPARγ and Wnt pathway offers a promising therapeutic approach for addressing ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Sandhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Kajal Rawat
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Vipasha Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Antika Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute ofMedical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Lokesh Saini
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001, India
| | - Lekha Saha
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India.
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Zehra Z, von Bartheld CS, Agarwal AB, Vasquez-Gross H, Noorani Siddiqui S, Azam M, Qamar R. Exploring WNT2 polymorphisms in comitant strabismus: A genetic association study. Gene 2024; 928:148797. [PMID: 39068999 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strabismus is a complex oculomotor condition characterized by a misalignment of the visual axis. The genetics of strabismus are poorly defined although a few candidate genes have been identified, among which is the WNT2 gene. Our study was designed to assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of WNT2 in Pakistani strabismus patients. METHODS A total of six SNPs, three intronic and three in the 3́ untranslated region, were screened in the current study. Logistic regression was performed using a dominant, recessive and additive model to determine the association of SNPs with strabismus and its clinical subtypes: esotropia and exotropia. Furthermore, haplotype analysis was performed. RESULTS Regression analysis revealed an association of rs2896218, rs3779550, rs2285544 and rs4730775 with strabismus under the dominant model. When analyzed separately, rs2896218 and rs2285544 were found to be associated with both esotropia and exotropia, while rs4730775 was significantly associated only with exotropia under the dominant model. Based on clinical parameters, rs2896218, rs2285544 and rs4730775 were also found to be associated with the group of strabismus patients who were diagnosed at birth, but not in the group of patients who were diagnosed later in life. Haplotype analysis revealed that the haplotype A T T (corresponding to rs2896218, rs3779550 and rs2285544) was significantly more prevalent in the strabismus group. CONCLUSION Overall, the results of the present study suggest an association of WNT2 polymorphisms with strabismus and its subtypes in the Pakistani population, though further studies are needed to elucidate their role in strabismus etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Zehra
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Andrea B Agarwal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Hans Vasquez-Gross
- Nevada Bioinformatics Center, RRID: SCR_017802, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
| | | | - Maleeha Azam
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan; Science and Technology Sector, ICESCO, Rabat, Kingdom of Morocco.
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Liu C, Hong T, Zhao C, Xue T, Wang S, Ren Z. Single-nucleus transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility analysis of musk gland development in Chinese forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii). Integr Zool 2024; 19:955-974. [PMID: 38644525 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Musk secreted by male forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) musk glands is an invaluable component of medicine and perfume. Musk secretion depends on musk gland maturation; however, the mechanism of its development remains elusive. Herein, using single cell multiome ATAC + gene expression coupled with several bioinformatic analyses, a dynamic transcriptional cell atlas of musk gland development was revealed, and key genes and transcription factors affecting its development were determined. Twelve cell types, including two different types of acinar cells (Clusters 0 and 10) were identified. Single-nucleus RNA and single-nucleus ATAC sequencing analyses revealed that seven core target genes associated with musk secretion (Hsd17b2, Acacb, Lss, Vapa, Aldh16a1, Aldh7a1, and Sqle) were regulated by 12 core transcription factors (FOXO1, CUX2, RORA, RUNX1, KLF6, MGA, NFIC, FOXO3, ETV5, NR3C1, HSF4, and MITF) during the development of Cluster 0 acinar cells. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment showed significant changes in the pathways associated with musk secretion during acinar cell development. Gene set variation analysis also revealed that certain pathways associated with musk secretion were enriched in 6-year-old acinar cells. A gene co-expression network was constructed during acinar cell development to provide a precise understanding of the connections between transcription factors, genes, and pathways. Finally, intercellular communication analysis showed that intercellular communication is involved in musk gland development. This study provides crucial insights into the changes and key factors underlying musk gland development, which serve as valuable resources for studying musk secretion mechanisms and promoting the protection of this endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmiao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Hong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhanjun Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Ishahak M, Han RH, Annamalai D, Woodiwiss T, McCornack C, Cleary RT, DeSouza PA, Qu X, Dahiya S, Kim AH, Millman JR. Modeling glioblastoma tumor progression via CRISPR-engineered brain organoids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.02.606387. [PMID: 39211284 PMCID: PMC11361109 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.02.606387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain cancer that is highly resistant to therapy due to significant intra-tumoral heterogeneity. The lack of robust in vitro models to study early tumor progression has hindered the development of effective therapies. Here, we develop engineered GBM organoids (eGBOs) harboring GBM subtype-specific oncogenic mutations to investigate the underlying transcriptional regulation of tumor progression. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses revealed that these mutations disrupt normal neurodevelopment gene regulatory networks resulting in changes in cellular composition and spatial organization. Upon xenotransplantation into immunodeficient mice, eGBOs form tumors that recapitulate the transcriptional and spatial landscape of human GBM samples. Integrative single-cell trajectory analysis of both eGBO-derived tumor cells and patient GBM samples revealed the dynamic gene expression changes in developmental cell states underlying tumor progression. This analysis of eGBOs provides an important validation of engineered cancer organoid models and demonstrates their utility as a model of GBM tumorigenesis for future preclinical development of therapeutics.
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Zhang N, Westerhaus A, Wilson M, Wang E, Goff L, Sockanathan S. Physiological regulation of neuronal Wnt activity is essential for TDP-43 localization and function. EMBO J 2024; 43:3388-3413. [PMID: 38918634 PMCID: PMC11329687 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear exclusion of the RNA- and DNA-binding protein TDP-43 can induce neurodegeneration in different diseases. Diverse processes have been implicated to influence TDP-43 mislocalization, including disrupted nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT); however, the physiological pathways that normally ensure TDP-43 nuclear localization are unclear. The six-transmembrane enzyme glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 2 (GDE2 or GDPD5) cleaves the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that tethers some proteins to the membrane. Here we show that GDE2 maintains TDP-43 nuclear localization by regulating the dynamics of canonical Wnt signaling. Ablation of GDE2 causes aberrantly sustained Wnt activation in adult neurons, which is sufficient to cause NCT deficits, nuclear pore abnormalities, and TDP-43 nuclear exclusion. Disruption of GDE2 coincides with TDP-43 abnormalities in postmortem tissue from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Further, GDE2 deficits are evident in human neural cell models of ALS, which display erroneous Wnt activation that, when inhibited, increases mRNA levels of genes regulated by TDP-43. Our study identifies GDE2 as a critical physiological regulator of Wnt signaling in adult neurons and highlights Wnt pathway activation as an unappreciated mechanism contributing to nucleocytoplasmic transport and TDP-43 abnormalities in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anna Westerhaus
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Macey Wilson
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Biological Sciences 302, 120 Cedar St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ethan Wang
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Loyal Goff
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Kavli Neurodiscovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shanthini Sockanathan
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Spathopoulou A, Podlesnic M, De Gaetano L, Kirsch EM, Tisch M, Finotello F, Aigner L, Günther K, Edenhofer F. Single-cell Profiling of Reprogrammed Human Neural Stem Cells Unveils High Similarity to Neural Progenitors in the Developing Central Nervous System. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1325-1339. [PMID: 38519702 PMCID: PMC11222274 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Similar to induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs), induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) can be directly converted from human somatic cells such as dermal fibroblasts and peripheral blood monocytes. While previous studies have demonstrated the resemblance of iNSCs to neural stem cells derived from primary sources and embryonic stem cells, respectively, a comprehensive analysis of the correlation between iNSCs and their physiological counterparts remained to be investigated. METHODS Nowadays, single-cell sequencing technologies provide unique opportunities for in-depth cellular benchmarking of complex cell populations. Our study involves the comprehensive profiling of converted human iNSCs at a single-cell transcriptomic level, alongside conventional methods, like flow cytometry and immunofluorescence stainings. RESULTS Our results show that the iNSC conversion yields a homogeneous cell population expressing bona fide neural stem cell markers. Extracting transcriptomic signatures from published single cell transcriptomic atlas data and comparison to the iNSC transcriptome reveals resemblance to embryonic neuroepithelial cells of early neurodevelopmental stages observed in vivo at 5 weeks of development. CONCLUSION Our data underscore the physiological relevance of directly converted iNSCs, making them a valuable in vitro system for modeling human central nervous system development and establishing translational applications in cell therapy and compound screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Spathopoulou
- Department of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Group, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Podlesnic
- Department of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Group, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura De Gaetano
- Department of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Group, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elena Marie Kirsch
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Stroke Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Tisch
- Department of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Group, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Francesca Finotello
- Department of Molecular Biology, Digital Science Center (DiSC), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Günther
- Department of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Group, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Frank Edenhofer
- Department of Molecular Biology & CMBI, Genomics, Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Group, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Priya, Yadav N, Anand S, Banerjee J, Tripathi M, Chandra PS, Dixit AB. The multifaceted role of Wnt canonical signalling in neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, and hyperexcitability in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 2024; 251:109942. [PMID: 38570066 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterised by unprovoked, repetitive seizures caused by abnormal neuronal firing. The Wnt/β-Catenin signalling pathway is involved in seizure-induced neurogenesis, aberrant neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, and hyperexcitability associated with epileptic disorder. Wnt/β-Catenin signalling is crucial for early brain development processes including neuronal patterning, synapse formation, and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) regulation. Disruption of molecular networks such as Wnt/β-catenin signalling in epilepsy could offer encouraging anti-epileptogenic targets. So, with a better understanding of the canonical Wnt/-Catenin pathway, we highlight in this review the important elements of Wnt/-Catenin signalling specifically in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (MTLE) for potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya
- Dr. B.R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Yadav
- Dr. B.R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sneha Anand
- Dr. B.R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - P Sarat Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ahmad I, Kaur M, Tyagi D, Singh TB, Kaur G, Afzal SM, Jauhar M. Exploring novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying Bisphenol A-induced toxicity: A persistent threat to human health. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104467. [PMID: 38763439 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous industrial chemical used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, found in numerous consumer products. Despite its widespread use, its potential adverse health effects have raised significant concerns. This review explores the molecular mechanisms and evidence-based literature underlying BPA-induced toxicities and its implications for human health. BPA is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) which exhibits carcinogenic properties by influencing various receptors, such as ER, AhR, PPARs, LXRs, and RARs. It induces oxidative stress and contributes to cellular dysfunction, inflammation, and DNA damage, ultimately leading to various toxicities including but not limited to reproductive, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and endocrine toxicity. Moreover, BPA can modify DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression, leading to epigenetic changes and contribute to carcinogenesis. Overall, understanding molecular mechanisms of BPA-induced toxicity is crucial for developing effective strategies and policies to mitigate its adverse effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Devansh Tyagi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Tejinder Bir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Shaikh Mohammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Mohsin Jauhar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
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Ma L, Huo Y, Tang Q, Wang X, Wang W, Wu D, Li Y, Chen L, Wang S, Zhu Y, Wang W, Liu Y, Xu N, Chen L, Yu G, Chen J. Human Breast Milk Exosomal miRNAs are Influenced by Premature Delivery and Affect Neurodevelopment. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300113. [PMID: 38644336 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE This study investigates the exosomal microRNA (miRNA) profiles of term and preterm breast milk, including the most abundant and differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs, and their impact on neurodevelopment in infants. METHODS AND RESULTS Mature milk is collected from the mothers of term and preterm infants. Using high-throughput sequencing and subsequent data analysis, exosomal miRNA profiles of term and preterm human breast milk (HBM) are acquired and it is found that the let-7 and miR-148 families are the most abundant miRNAs. Additionally, 23 upregulated and 15 downregulated miRNAs are identified. MiR-3168 is the most upregulated miRNA in preterm HBM exosome, exhibiting targeting activity toward multiple genes involved in the SMAD and MAPK signaling pathways and playing a crucial role in early neurodevelopment. Additionally, the effects of miR-3168 on neurodevelopment is confirmed and it is determined that it is an essential factor in the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that miRNA expression in breast milk exosomes can be influenced by preterm delivery, thereby potentially impacting neurodevelopment in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yanyan Huo
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Qingyuan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiulian Wang
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Weiqin Wang
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yicheng Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Department of Occupational Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8520, Japan
| | - Shasha Wang
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenli Wang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Nanjie Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Guangjun Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
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Erdogan MA, Gurbuz O, Bozkurt MF, Erbas O. Prenatal Exposure to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine BNT162b2 Induces Autism-Like Behaviors in Male Neonatal Rats: Insights into WNT and BDNF Signaling Perturbations. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1034-1048. [PMID: 38198049 PMCID: PMC10902102 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed the swift development and distribution of mRNA vaccines, including BNT162b2, to address the disease. Concerns have arisen about the potential neurodevelopmental implications of these vaccines, especially in susceptible groups such as pregnant women and their offspring. This study aimed to investigate the gene expression of WNT, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, specific cytokines, m-TOR expression, neuropathology, and autism-related neurobehavioral outcomes in a rat model. Pregnant rats received the COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine during gestation. Subsequent evaluations on male and female offspring included autism-like behaviors, neuronal counts, and motor performance. Molecular techniques were applied to quantify WNT and m-TOR gene expressions, BDNF levels, and specific cytokines in brain tissue samples. The findings were then contextualized within the extant literature to identify potential mechanisms. Our findings reveal that the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine significantly alters WNT gene expression and BDNF levels in both male and female rats, suggesting a profound impact on key neurodevelopmental pathways. Notably, male rats exhibited pronounced autism-like behaviors, characterized by a marked reduction in social interaction and repetitive patterns of behavior. Furthermore, there was a substantial decrease in neuronal counts in critical brain regions, indicating potential neurodegeneration or altered neurodevelopment. Male rats also demonstrated impaired motor performance, evidenced by reduced coordination and agility. Our research provides insights into the effects of the COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine on WNT gene expression, BDNF levels, and certain neurodevelopmental markers in a rat model. More extensive studies are needed to confirm these observations in humans and to explore the exact mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of the risks and rewards of COVID-19 vaccination, especially during pregnancy, remains essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumin Alper Erdogan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Orkun Gurbuz
- Department of Radiotherapy Programme, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Bozkurt
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gautam V, Rawat K, Sandhu A, Medhi B, Bhatia A, Kharbanda PS, Saha L. Evaluation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its modulators in repeated dose lithium-pilocarpine rat model of status epilepticus: An acute phase study. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 966:176375. [PMID: 38307381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in epilepsy and the effects of its modulators as efficacious treatment options, though postulated, has not been sufficiently investigated. We evaluated the involvement of β-catenin and GSK-3β, the significant proteins in this pathway, in the lithium chloride-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model in rodents to study acute phase of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The modulators studied were 6-BIO, a GSK-3β inhibitor and Sulindac, a Dvl protein inhibitor. The disease group exhibited increased seizure score and seizure frequency, and the assessment of neurobehavioral parameters indicated notable alterations. Furthermore, histopathological examination of hippocampal brain tissues revealed significant neurodegeneration. Immunohistochemical study of hippocampus revealed neurogenesis in 6-BIO and sulindac groups. The gene and protein expression by RT-qPCR and western blotting studies indicated Wnt/β-catenin pathway downregulation and increased apoptosis in the acute phase of TLE. 6-BIO was very efficient in upregulating the Wnt pathway, decreasing neuronal damage, increasing neurogenesis in hippocampus and decreasing seizure score and frequency in comparison to sulindac. This suggests that both GSK-3β and β-catenin are potential and novel drug targets for acute phase of TLE, and treatment options targeting these proteins could be beneficial in successfully managing acute epilepsy. Further evaluation of 6-BIO to explore its therapeutic potential in other models of epilepsy should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipasha Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Kajal Rawat
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Arushi Sandhu
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | | | - Lekha Saha
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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12
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Garone C, De Giorgio F, Carli S. Mitochondrial metabolism in neural stem cells and implications for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. J Transl Med 2024; 22:238. [PMID: 38438847 PMCID: PMC10910780 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles having a fundamental role in the regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) fate during neural development and maintenance.During embryonic and adult neurogenesis, NSCs undergo a metabolic switch from glycolytic to oxidative phosphorylation with a rise in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, changes in mitochondria shape and size, and a physiological augmentation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species which together drive NSCs to proliferate and differentiate. Genetic and epigenetic modifications of proteins involved in cellular differentiation (Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin), proliferation (Wingless-type), and hypoxia (Mitogen-activated protein kinase)-and all connected by the common key regulatory factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1A-are deemed to be responsible for the metabolic shift and, consequently, NSC fate in physiological and pathological conditions.Both primary mitochondrial dysfunction due to mutations in nuclear DNA or mtDNA or secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, and organelle interplay pathways can contribute to the development of neurodevelopmental or progressive neurodegenerative disorders.This review analyses the physiology and pathology of neural development starting from the available in vitro and in vivo models and highlights the current knowledge concerning key mitochondrial pathways involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Garone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UO Neuropsichiatria Dell'età Pediatrica, Bologna, Italy.
| | - F De Giorgio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Carli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Yang A, Chidiac R, Russo E, Steenland H, Pauli Q, Bonin R, Blazer LL, Adams JJ, Sidhu SS, Goeva A, Salahpour A, Angers S. Exploiting spatiotemporal regulation of FZD5 during neural patterning for efficient ventral midbrain specification. Development 2024; 151:dev202545. [PMID: 38358799 PMCID: PMC10946437 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling governs anterior-posterior neural patterning during development. Current human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation protocols use a GSK3 inhibitor to activate Wnt signaling to promote posterior neural fate specification. However, GSK3 is a pleiotropic kinase involved in multiple signaling pathways and, as GSK3 inhibition occurs downstream in the signaling cascade, it bypasses potential opportunities for achieving specificity or regulation at the receptor level. Additionally, the specific roles of individual FZD receptors in anterior-posterior patterning are poorly understood. Here, we have characterized the cell surface expression of FZD receptors in neural progenitor cells with different regional identity. Our data reveal unique upregulation of FZD5 expression in anterior neural progenitors, and this expression is downregulated as cells adopt a posterior fate. This spatial regulation of FZD expression constitutes a previously unreported regulatory mechanism that adjusts the levels of β-catenin signaling along the anterior-posterior axis and possibly contributes to midbrain-hindbrain boundary formation. Stimulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hPSCs, using a tetravalent antibody that selectively triggers FZD5 and LRP6 clustering, leads to midbrain progenitor differentiation and gives rise to functional dopaminergic neurons in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Yang
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Rony Chidiac
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Emma Russo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hendrik Steenland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- NeuroTek Innovative Technology, Toronto, ON M6C 3A2, Canada
| | - Quinn Pauli
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Robert Bonin
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Levi L. Blazer
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jarrett J. Adams
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Sachdev S. Sidhu
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Aleksandrina Goeva
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ali Salahpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Stephane Angers
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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14
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Iype M, Melempatt N, James J, Thomas SV, Anitha A. Hypomethylation of Wnt signaling regulator genes in developmental language disorder. Epigenomics 2024; 16:137-146. [PMID: 38264859 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Considering the pivotal role of epigenetics in neurodevelopment, we examined any altered DNA methylation between DLD and control subjects. Materials & methods: We looked into genome-wide methylation differences between DLD and control groups. The findings were validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results: In the DLD group, differential methylation of CpG sites was observed in the Wnt signaling regulator genes APCDD1, AMOTL1, LRP5, MARK2, TMEM64, TRABD2B, VEPH1 and WNT2B. Hypomethylation of APCDD1, LRP5 and WNT2B was confirmed by qPCR. Conclusion: This is the first report associating Wnt signaling with DLD. The findings are relevant in the light of the essential role of Wnt in myelination, and of the altered myelination in DLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Iype
- Dept. of Neurology, Institute for Communicative & Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 011, Kerala, India
| | - Nisha Melempatt
- Dept. of Audiology & Speech Language Pathology, ICCONS, Shoranur, Palakkad, 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Jesmy James
- Dept. of Neurogenetics, ICCONS, Shoranur, Palakkad, 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Sanjeev V Thomas
- Dept. of Neurology, Institute for Communicative & Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Thiruvananthapuram, 695 011, Kerala, India
- Dept. of Neurology, ICCONS, Shoranur, Palakkad, 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Ayyappan Anitha
- Dept. of Neurogenetics, ICCONS, Shoranur, Palakkad, 679 523, Kerala, India
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15
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Hendriks D, Pagliaro A, Andreatta F, Ma Z, van Giessen J, Massalini S, López-Iglesias C, van Son GJF, DeMartino J, Damen JMA, Zoutendijk I, Staliarova N, Bredenoord AL, Holstege FCP, Peters PJ, Margaritis T, Chuva de Sousa Lopes S, Wu W, Clevers H, Artegiani B. Human fetal brain self-organizes into long-term expanding organoids. Cell 2024; 187:712-732.e38. [PMID: 38194967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Human brain development involves an orchestrated, massive neural progenitor expansion while a multi-cellular tissue architecture is established. Continuously expanding organoids can be grown directly from multiple somatic tissues, yet to date, brain organoids can solely be established from pluripotent stem cells. Here, we show that healthy human fetal brain in vitro self-organizes into organoids (FeBOs), phenocopying aspects of in vivo cellular heterogeneity and complex organization. FeBOs can be expanded over long time periods. FeBO growth requires maintenance of tissue integrity, which ensures production of a tissue-like extracellular matrix (ECM) niche, ultimately endowing FeBO expansion. FeBO lines derived from different areas of the central nervous system (CNS), including dorsal and ventral forebrain, preserve their regional identity and allow to probe aspects of positional identity. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we showcase the generation of syngeneic mutant FeBO lines for the study of brain cancer. Taken together, FeBOs constitute a complementary CNS organoid platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delilah Hendriks
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Anna Pagliaro
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ziliang Ma
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Joey van Giessen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Massalini
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen López-Iglesias
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs J F van Son
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeff DeMartino
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Mirjam A Damen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Zoutendijk
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nadzeya Staliarova
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annelien L Bredenoord
- Erasmus School of Philosophy, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank C P Holstege
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Peters
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hans Clevers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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16
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Martinez JL, Piciw JG, Crockett M, Sorci IA, Makwana N, Sirois CL, Giffin-Rao Y, Bhattacharyya A. Transcriptional consequences of trisomy 21 on neural induction. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1341141. [PMID: 38357436 PMCID: PMC10865501 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1341141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Down syndrome, caused by trisomy 21, is a complex developmental disorder associated with intellectual disability and reduced growth of multiple organs. Structural pathologies are present at birth, reflecting embryonic origins. A fundamental unanswered question is how an extra copy of human chromosome 21 contributes to organ-specific pathologies that characterize individuals with Down syndrome, and, relevant to the hallmark intellectual disability in Down syndrome, how trisomy 21 affects neural development. We tested the hypothesis that trisomy 21 exerts effects on human neural development as early as neural induction. Methods Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on isogenic trisomy 21 and euploid human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) at successive stages of neural induction: embryoid bodies at Day 6, early neuroectoderm at Day 10, and differentiated neuroectoderm at Day 17. Results Gene expression analysis revealed over 1,300 differentially expressed genes in trisomy 21 cells along the differentiation pathway compared to euploid controls. Less than 5% of the gene expression changes included upregulated chromosome 21 encoded genes at every timepoint. Genes involved in specific growth factor signaling pathways (WNT and Notch), metabolism (including oxidative stress), and extracellular matrix were altered in trisomy 21 cells. Further analysis uncovered heterochronic expression of genes. Conclusion Trisomy 21 impacts discrete developmental pathways at the earliest stages of neural development. The results suggest that metabolic dysfunction arises early in embryogenesis in trisomy 21 and may affect development and function more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Martinez
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer G. Piciw
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Madeline Crockett
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Isabella A. Sorci
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nikunj Makwana
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Carissa L. Sirois
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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17
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Chen YC, Martins TA, Marchica V, Panula P. Angiopoietin 1 and integrin beta 1b are vital for zebrafish brain development. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1289794. [PMID: 38235293 PMCID: PMC10792015 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1289794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Angiopoietin 1 (angpt1) is essential for angiogenesis. However, its role in neurogenesis is largely undiscovered. This study aimed to identify the role of angpt1 in brain development, the mode of action of angpt1, and its prime targets in the zebrafish brain. Methods We investigated the effects of embryonic brain angiogenesis and neural development using qPCR, in situ hybridization, microangiography, retrograde labeling, and immunostaining in the angpt1sa14264, itgb1bmi371, tekhu1667 mutant fish and transgenic overexpression of angpt1 in the zebrafish larval brains. Results We showed the co-localization of angpt1 with notch, delta, and nestin in the proliferation zone in the larval brain. Additionally, lack of angpt1 was associated with downregulation of TEK tyrosine kinase, endothelial (tek), and several neurogenic factors despite upregulation of integrin beta 1b (itgb1b), angpt2a, vascular endothelial growth factor aa (vegfaa), and glial markers. We further demonstrated that the targeted angpt1sa14264 and itgb1bmi371 mutant fish showed severely irregular cerebrovascular development, aberrant hindbrain patterning, expansion of the radial glial progenitors, downregulation of cell proliferation, deficiencies of dopaminergic, histaminergic, and GABAergic populations in the caudal hypothalamus. In contrast to angpt1sa14264 and itgb1bmi371 mutants, the tekhu1667 mutant fish regularly grew with no apparent phenotypes. Notably, the neural-specific angpt1 overexpression driven by the elavl3 (HuC) promoter significantly increased cell proliferation and neuronal progenitor cells but decreased GABAergic neurons, and this neurogenic activity was independent of its typical receptor tek. Discussion Our results prove that angpt1 and itgb1b, besides regulating vascular development, act as a neurogenic factor via notch and wnt signaling pathways in the neural proliferation zone in the developing brain, indicating a novel role of dual regulation of angpt1 in embryonic neurogenesis that supports the concept of angiopoietin-based therapeutics in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Chen
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Zebrafish Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomás A. Martins
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Zebrafish Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valentina Marchica
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Zebrafish Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Zebrafish Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Zarate-Lopez D, Torres-Chávez AL, Gálvez-Contreras AY, Gonzalez-Perez O. Three Decades of Valproate: A Current Model for Studying Autism Spectrum Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:260-289. [PMID: 37873949 PMCID: PMC10788883 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666231003121513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with increased prevalence and incidence in recent decades. Its etiology remains largely unclear, but it seems to involve a strong genetic component and environmental factors that, in turn, induce epigenetic changes during embryonic and postnatal brain development. In recent decades, clinical studies have shown that inutero exposure to valproic acid (VPA), a commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug, is an environmental factor associated with an increased risk of ASD. Subsequently, prenatal VPA exposure in rodents has been established as a reliable translational model to study the pathophysiology of ASD, which has helped demonstrate neurobiological changes in rodents, non-human primates, and brain organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. This evidence supports the notion that prenatal VPA exposure is a valid and current model to replicate an idiopathic ASD-like disorder in experimental animals. This review summarizes and describes the current features reported with this animal model of autism and the main neurobiological findings and correlates that help elucidate the pathophysiology of ASD. Finally, we discuss the general framework of the VPA model in comparison to other environmental and genetic ASD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zarate-Lopez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
- Physiological Science Ph.D. Program, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Torres-Chávez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
- Physiological Science Ph.D. Program, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - Alma Yadira Gálvez-Contreras
- Department of Neuroscience, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, México
| | - Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
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19
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Rawat K, Gautam V, Sandhu A, Bhatia A, Saha L. Differential Regulation of Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Acute and Chronic Epilepsy in Repeated Low Dose Lithium-Pilocarpine Rat Model of Status Epilepticus. Neuroscience 2023; 535:36-49. [PMID: 37913863 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological complication characterized by unprovoked seizure episodes due to the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The epileptogenesis process has been reported to be involved in chronic epilepsy however, the mechanism underlying epileptogenesis remains unclear. Recent studies have shown the possible involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the neurogenesis and neuronal reorganization in epileptogenesis. In this study, we used repeated low dose lithium-pilocarpine model of status epilepsy (SE) to study the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling at acute and chronic stages post SE induction. The acute study ranged from day 0 to day 28 post SE induction and the chronic study ranged from day 0 to day 56 post SE induction. Several neurobehavioral parameters and seizure score and seizure frequency was analysed until the end of the study. The proteins involved in the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and downstream cascading were analysed using western blot and quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway was found inactive in acute SE, while the same was found activated at the chronic stage. Our findings suggest that the activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chronic epilepsy might be the possible mechanism underlying epileptogenesis as indicated by increased neuronal count, increased synaptic density, astrogliosis and apoptosis in chronic epilepsy. These findings can help target the Wnt/β-catenin pathway differentially depending upon the type of epilepsy. The acute stage characterized by SE can be improved by targeting GSK-3β levels and the chronic stage characterized by temporal lobe epilepsy can be improved by targeting β-catenin and disheveled proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Rawat
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Block B, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Vipasha Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Block B, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Arushi Sandhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Block B, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Research Block B, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Lekha Saha
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Block B, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India.
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20
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Qu Y, Lim JJY, An O, Yang H, Toh YC, Chua JJE. FEZ1 participates in human embryonic brain development by modulating neuronal progenitor subpopulation specification and migrations. iScience 2023; 26:108497. [PMID: 38213789 PMCID: PMC10783620 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1 (FEZ1) gene are found in schizophrenia and Jacobsen syndrome patients. Here, using human cerebral organoids (hCOs), we show that FEZ1 expression is turned on early during brain development and is detectable in both neuroprogenitor subtypes and immature neurons. FEZ1 deletion disrupts expression of neuronal and synaptic development genes. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we detected abnormal expansion of homeodomain-only protein homeobox (HOPX)- outer radial glia (oRG), concurrent with a reduction of HOPX+ oRG, in FEZ1-null hCOs. HOPX- oRGs show higher cell mobility as compared to HOPX+ oRGs. Ectopic localization of neuroprogenitors to the outer layer is seen in FEZ1-null hCOs. Anomalous encroachment of TBR2+ intermediate progenitors into CTIP2+ deep layer neurons further indicated abnormalities in cortical layer formation these hCOs. Collectively, our findings highlight the involvement of FEZ1 in early cortical brain development and how it contributes to neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Qu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Jun-Yong Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- LSI Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Omer An
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - John Jia En Chua
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- LSI Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore 138473, Singapore
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21
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Faria Assoni A, Giove Mitsugi T, Wardenaar R, Oliveira Ferreira R, Farias Jandrey EH, Machado Novaes G, Fonseca de Oliveira Granha I, Bakker P, Kaid C, Zatz M, Foijer F, Keith Okamoto O. Neurodegeneration-associated protein VAPB regulates proliferation in medulloblastoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19481. [PMID: 37945695 PMCID: PMC10636017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
VAMP (Vesicle-associated membrane protein)-associated protein B and C (VAPB) has been widely studied in neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, but little is known about its role in cancer. Medulloblastoma is a common brain malignancy in children and arises from undifferentiated cells during neuronal development. Therefore, medulloblastoma is an interesting model to investigate the possible relationship between VAPB and tumorigenesis. Here we demonstrate that high VAPB expression in medulloblastoma correlates with decreased overall patient survival. Consistent with this clinical correlation, we find that VAPB is required for normal proliferation rates of medulloblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Knockout of VAPB (VAPBKO) delayed cell cycle progression. Furthermore, transcript levels of WNT-related proteins were decreased in the VAPBKO. We conclude that VAPB is required for proliferation of medulloblastoma cells, thus revealing VAPB as a potential therapeutic target for medulloblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Faria Assoni
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil.
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 1, Antonius Deusinglaan, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Thiago Giove Mitsugi
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - René Wardenaar
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 1, Antonius Deusinglaan, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Raiane Oliveira Ferreira
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Elisa Helena Farias Jandrey
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Machado Novaes
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Isabela Fonseca de Oliveira Granha
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Petra Bakker
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 1, Antonius Deusinglaan, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolini Kaid
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 1, Antonius Deusinglaan, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Oswaldo Keith Okamoto
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil.
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22
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Häfner SJ, Jansson MD, Altinel K, Andersen KL, Abay-Nørgaard Z, Ménard P, Fontenas M, Sørensen DM, Gay DM, Arendrup FS, Tehler D, Krogh N, Nielsen H, Kraushar ML, Kirkeby A, Lund AH. Ribosomal RNA 2'-O-methylation dynamics impact cell fate decisions. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1593-1609.e9. [PMID: 37473757 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Translational regulation impacts both pluripotency maintenance and cell differentiation. To what degree the ribosome exerts control over this process remains unanswered. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated heterogeneity in ribosome composition in various organisms. 2'-O-methylation (2'-O-me) of rRNA represents an important source of heterogeneity, where site-specific alteration of methylation levels can modulate translation. Here, we examine changes in rRNA 2'-O-me during mouse brain development and tri-lineage differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We find distinct alterations between brain regions, as well as clear dynamics during cortex development and germ layer differentiation. We identify a methylation site impacting neuronal differentiation. Modulation of its methylation levels affects ribosome association of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and is accompanied by an altered translation of WNT pathway-related mRNAs. Together, these data identify ribosome heterogeneity through rRNA 2'-O-me during early development and differentiation and suggest a direct role for ribosomes in regulating translation during cell fate acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia J Häfner
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Martin D Jansson
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kübra Altinel
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper L Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zehra Abay-Nørgaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW) and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrice Ménard
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Fontenas
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel M Sørensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M Gay
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederic S Arendrup
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Disa Tehler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Krogh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Agnete Kirkeby
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW) and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders H Lund
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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23
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Obernikhin SS, Yaglova NV, Timokhina EP, Nazimova SV, Yaglov VV. Regulation of Morphogenetic Processes during Postnatal Development and Physiological Regeneration of the Adrenal Medulla. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:549-556. [PMID: 37776400 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of morphogenetic processes during postnatal development of the rat adrenal medulla was studied. Termination of the adrenal medulla growth was found to be associated with decreased chromaffin cell proliferation, activation of canonical Wnt-signaling pathway, and enhanced expression of Sonic Hedgehog ligand. Analysis of transcription factors associated with pluripotency revealed increased percentage of Oct4-expressing cells by the end of medulla growth and no signs of Sox2 expression. All the cells demonstrating activation of Wnt-signaling and expression of Oct4 and Sonic Hedgehog were found to be highly differentiated chromaffin cells actively producing tyrosine hydroxylase. These findings allow considering the formation of the cell pools for dedifferentiation as a putative mechanism for physiological regeneration of the adrenal medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Obernikhin
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A. P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, A. P. Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Yaglova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A. P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, A. P. Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - E P Timokhina
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A. P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, A. P. Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Nazimova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A. P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, A. P. Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Yaglov
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A. P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, A. P. Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia.
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24
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Park G, Jang WE, Kim S, Gonzales EL, Ji J, Choi S, Kim Y, Park JH, Mohammad HB, Bang G, Kang M, Kim S, Jeon SJ, Kim JY, Kim KP, Shin CY, An JY, Kim MS, Lee YS. Dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via Rnf146 upregulation in a VPA-induced mouse model of autism spectrum disorder. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1783-1794. [PMID: 37524878 PMCID: PMC10474298 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with impaired social behavior and communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors such as prenatal drug exposure contribute to the development of ASD. However, how those prenatal factors induce behavioral deficits in the adult stage is not clear. To elucidate ASD pathogenesis at the molecular level, we performed a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analysis on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice exposed to valproic acid (VPA) in utero, a widely used animal model of ASD. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in VPA-exposed mice showed significant overlap with ASD risk genes, including differentially expressed genes from the postmortem cortex of ASD patients. Functional annotations of the DEPs revealed significant enrichment in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is dysregulated by the upregulation of Rnf146 in VPA-exposed mice. Consistently, overexpressing Rnf146 in the PFC impaired social behaviors and altered the Wnt signaling pathway in adult mice. Furthermore, Rnf146-overexpressing PFC neurons showed increased excitatory synaptic transmission, which may underlie impaired social behavior. These results demonstrate that Rnf146 is critical for social behavior and that dysregulation of Rnf146 underlies social deficits in VPA-exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Eric Jang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Edson Luck Gonzales
- School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungeun Ji
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Choi
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Park
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Geul Bang
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon-Yong An
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- New Biology Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Cell Fate Reprogramming and Control, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, 25159, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Wang Y, Han W, Yun S, Han J. Identification of protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit as a Wnt promoting factor in pan-cancer and Xenopus early embryogenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10240. [PMID: 37353511 PMCID: PMC10290155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35719-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein Phosphatase 4 Catalytic Subunit (PPP4C) is an evolutionarily conserved protein involved in multiple biological and pathological events, including embryogenesis, organogenesis, cellular homeostasis, and oncogenesis. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying these processes remain largely unknown. Thus, we investigated the potential correlation between PPP4C and biological processes (BPs) and canonical Wnt signaling using pan-cancer analysis and Xenopus laevis (X. laevis) embryo model. Our results indicate that PPP4C is a potential biomarker for specific cancer types due to its high diagnostic accuracy and significant prognostic correlation. Furthermore, in multiple cancer types, PPP4C-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in pattern specification, morphogenesis, and canonical Wnt activation. Consistently, perturbation of Ppp4c in X. laevis embryos interfered with normal embryogenesis and canonical Wnt responses. Moreover, biochemical analysis of X. laevis embryos demonstrated that both endogenous and exogenous Ppp4c negatively regulated AXIN1 (Wnt inhibitor) abundance. This study provides novel insights into PPP4C roles in pattern specification and Wnt activation. The similarities in BPs and Wnt signaling regulation regarding PPP4C support the intrinsic link between tumorigenesis and early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiLi Wang
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - WonHee Han
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Department of Neurology, F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - SeokMin Yun
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - JinKwan Han
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea.
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26
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Yde Ohki CM, Walter NM, Rickli M, Salazar Campos JM, Werling AM, Döring C, Walitza S, Grünblatt E. Protocol for a Wnt reporter assay to measure its activity in human neural stem cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 5:100095. [PMID: 37426743 PMCID: PMC10329100 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt signaling is an essential pathway that regulates cellular proliferation, maturation, and differentiation during neurodevelopment and maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis. This pathway has been implicated with the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and was associated with cognitive processes, such as learning and memory. However, the molecular investigation of the Wnt signaling in functional human neural cell lines might be challenging since brain biopsies are not possible and animal models may not represent the polygenic profile of some neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this context, using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has become a powerful tool to model disorders that affect the Central Nervous System (CNS) in vitro, by maintaining patients' genetic backgrounds. In this method paper, we report the development of a virus-free Wnt reporter assay in neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from human iPSCs from two healthy individuals, by using a vector containing a reporter gene (luc2P) under the control of a TCF/LEF (T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor) responsive element. Dose-response curve analysis from this luciferase-based method might be useful when testing the activity of the Wnt signaling pathway after agonists (e.g. Wnt3a) or antagonists (e.g. DKK1) administration, comparing activity between cases and controls in distinct disorders. Using such a reporter assay method may help to elucidate whether neurological or neurodevelopmental mental disorders show alterations in this pathway, and testing whether targeted treatment may reverse these. Therefore, our established assay aims to help researchers on the functional and molecular investigation of the Wnt pathway in patient-specific cell types comprising several neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Marie Yde Ohki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Translational Molecular Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Biomedicine PhD Program, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 11, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Monet Walter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Translational Molecular Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Rickli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Translational Molecular Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - José Maria Salazar Campos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Translational Molecular Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anna Maria Werling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Translational Molecular Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Döring
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Translational Molecular Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Translational Molecular Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 11, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 11, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Translational Molecular Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 11, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 11, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Hong H, Yoon SB, Park JE, Lee JI, Kim HY, Nam HJ, Cho H. MeCP2 dysfunction prevents proper BMP signaling and neural progenitor expansion in brain organoid. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023. [PMID: 37302988 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sporadic mutations in MeCP2 are a hallmark of Rett syndrome (RTT). Many RTT brain organoid models have exhibited pathogenic phenotypes such as decreased spine density and small size of soma with altered electrophysiological signals. However, previous models are mainly focused on the phenotypes observed in the late phase and rarely provide clues for the defect of neural progenitors which generate different types of neurons and glial cells. METHODS We newly established the RTT brain organoid model derived from MeCP2-truncated iPS cells which were genetically engineered by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. By immunofluorescence imaging, we studied the development of NPC pool and its fate specification into glutamatergic neurons or astrocytes in RTT organoids. By total RNA sequencing, we investigated which signaling pathways were altered during the early brain development in RTT organoids. RESULTS Dysfunction of MeCP2 caused the defect of neural rosette formation in the early phase of cortical development. In total transcriptome analysis, BMP pathway-related genes are highly associated with MeCP2 depletion. Moreover, levels of pSMAD1/5 and BMP target genes are excessively increased, and treatment of BMP inhibitors partially rescues the cell cycle progression of neural progenitors. Subsequently, MeCP2 dysfunction reduced the glutamatergic neurogenesis and induced overproduction of astrocytes. Nevertheless, early inhibition of BMP pathway rescued VGLUT1 expression and suppressed astrocyte maturation. INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate that MeCP2 is required for the expansion of neural progenitor cells by modulating BMP pathway at early stages of development, and this influence persists during neurogenesis and gliogenesis at later stages of brain organoid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon Hong
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Bom Yoon
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Park
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung In Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Nam
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyeong Cho
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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28
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Spice DM, Cooper TT, Lajoie GA, Kelly GM. Never in Mitosis Kinase 2 regulation of metabolism is required for neural differentiation. Cell Signal 2022; 100:110484. [PMID: 36195199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Wnt and Hh are known signalling pathways involved in neural differentiation and recent work has shown the cell cycle regulator, Never in Mitosis Kinase 2 (Nek2) is able to regulate both pathways. Despite its known function in pathway regulation, few studies have explored Nek2 within embryonic development. The P19 embryonal carcinoma cell model was used to investigate Nek2 and neural differentiation through CRISPR knockout and overexpression studies. Loss of Nek2 reduced cell proliferation in the undifferentiated state and during directed differentiation, while overexpression increased cell proliferation. Despite these changes in proliferation rates, Nek2 deficient cells maintained pluripotency markers after neural induction while Nek2 overexpressing cells lost these markers in the undifferentiated state. Nek2 deficient cells lost the ability to differentiate into both neurons and astrocytes, although Nek2 overexpressing cells enhanced neuron differentiation at the expense of astrocytes. Hh and Wnt signalling were explored, however there was no clear connection between Nek2 and these pathways causing the observed changes to differentiation phenotypes. Mass spectrometry was also used during wildtype and Nek2 knockout cell differentiation and we identified reduced electron transport chain components in the knockout population. Immunoblotting confirmed the loss of these components and additional studies showed cells lacking Nek2 were exclusively glycolytic. Interestingly, hypoxia inducible factor 1α was stabilized in these Nek2 knockout cells despite culturing them under normoxic conditions. Since neural differentiation requires a metabolic switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, we propose a mechanism where Nek2 prevents HIF1α stabilization, thereby allowing cells to use oxidative phosphorylation to facilitate neuron and astrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Spice
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Tyler T Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Gilles A Lajoie
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, University of Western, Ontario, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada.
| | - Gregory M Kelly
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Child Health Research Institute, 345 Westminster Ave, London, ON N6C 4V3, Canada.
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29
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Li Q, Wang Y, Liu F, Wang H, Fan Y. LRSAM1 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Promotes Choriocarcinoma Progression and Metastasis via p53/p21 Signaling Impediment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1926605. [PMID: 36093406 PMCID: PMC9453058 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1926605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The E3 ubiquitin ligase LRSAM1 (LRSAM1) was involved in many cancers, but whether it exerts anti- or protumor efficacies on choriocarcinoma cellular structures remains unknown. We wanted to explore the efficacies of aberrant LRSAM1 expression on human choriocarcinoma cellular structures and the underlying mechanisms. Methods LRSAM1 mRNA expressions in choriocarcinoma lines of cells JEG-3 and JAR cellular structures, as well as HTR8/sev8 human trophoblastic cell line cellular structures, were assessed using assay analysis of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. We compared cell proliferation, migratory flow, invasive force, adhesion, and apoptotic process between cellular structures infected with si-LRSAM1 plasmids versus negative controls using CCK-8, clone formation, Transwell, adhesion, and flow cytometry assays. Protein expressions of LRSAM1, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin (indicators of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation) and p53/p21 pathway components were quantitated using a Western blot assay. The morphology of tumor lesions was observed in xenografted nude mice using immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses. Results LRSAM1 was markedly overexpressed within JEG-3 and JAR choriocarcinoma cellular structures compared to HTR8/sev8 trophoblast cellular structures. Compared to si-NC, LRSAM1 knockdown robustly restricted cell proliferating, migratory flow, invasive force, and adhesion and fueled apoptotic cell process in JEG-3 as well as JAR cellular structures and suppressed tumor growth, as evidenced by the reduction in tumor volume and weight in naked mice inoculated with transfected cellular structures. Compared to si-negative control (si-NC), si-LRSAM1 significantly decreased Ki67 (a proliferating indicator) and N-cadherin expressions but reduced E-cadherin expression in JEG-3 and JAR cellular structures. Blocking the p53/p21 pathway by pifithrin-a (a p53 restrictor) successfully reversed the anti-inhibitory effect of LRSAM1 depletion, resulting in enhanced proliferating and metastasis in JEG-3 and JAR cellular structures. Conclusion LRSAM1 exerts tumorigenic roles in choriocarcinoma. Via the activating of the p53/p21 pathway of signaling and impediment of choriocarcinoma cell proliferating, migratory flow, and invasive force, LRSAM1 knockdown slows the course of the disease. For choriocarcinoma diagnosis and treatment, it serves as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumin Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Haili Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Yangyang Fan
- Department of Obstetrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, China
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Rea V, Bell I, Ball T, Van Raay T. Gut-derived metabolites influence neurodevelopmental gene expression and Wnt signaling events in a germ-free zebrafish model. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:132. [PMID: 35996200 PMCID: PMC9396910 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small molecule metabolites produced by the microbiome are known to be neuroactive and are capable of directly impacting the brain and central nervous system, yet there is little data on the contribution of these metabolites to the earliest stages of neural development and neural gene expression. Here, we explore the impact of deriving zebrafish embryos in the absence of microbes on early neural development as well as investigate whether any potential changes can be rescued with treatment of metabolites derived from the zebrafish gut microbiota. RESULTS Overall, we did not observe any gross morphological changes between treatments but did observe a significant decrease in neural gene expression in embryos raised germ-free, which was rescued with the addition of zebrafish metabolites. Specifically, we identified 354 genes significantly downregulated in germ-free embryos compared to conventionally raised embryos via RNA-Seq analysis. Of these, 42 were rescued with a single treatment of zebrafish gut-derived metabolites to germ-free embryos. Gene ontology analysis revealed that these genes are involved in prominent neurodevelopmental pathways including transcriptional regulation and Wnt signaling. Consistent with the ontology analysis, we found alterations in the development of Wnt dependent events which was rescued in the germ-free embryos treated with metabolites. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that gut-derived metabolites are in part responsible for regulating critical signaling pathways in the brain, especially during neural development. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Rea
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Ian Bell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Taylor Ball
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Terence Van Raay
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
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Wolter JM, Jimenez JA, Stein JL, Zylka MJ. ToxCast chemical library Wnt screen identifies diethanolamine as an activator of neural progenitor proliferation. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:441-453. [PMID: 35812078 PMCID: PMC9254222 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk genes are associated with Wnt signaling, suggesting that brain development may be especially sensitive to genetic perturbation of this pathway. Additionally, valproic acid, which modulates Wnt signaling, increases risk for ASD when taken during pregnancy. We previously found that an autism-linked gain-of-function UBE3A T485A mutant construct hyperactivated canonical Wnt signaling, providing a genetic means to elevate Wnt signaling above baseline levels. To identify environmental use chemicals that enhance or suppress Wnt signaling, we screened the ToxCast Phase I and II libraries in cells expressing this autism-linked UBE3A T485A gain-of-function mutant construct. Using structural comparisons, we identify classes of chemicals that stimulated Wnt signaling, including ethanolamines, as well as chemicals that inhibited Wnt signaling, such as agricultural pesticides, and synthetic hormone analogs. To prioritize chemicals for follow-up, we leveraged predicted human exposure data, and identified diethanolamine (DEA) as a chemical that stimulates Wnt signaling in UBE3A T485A -transfected cells, and has a high potential for prenatal exposure in humans. DEA enhanced proliferation in primary human neural progenitor cell lines (phNPC), but did not affect expression of canonical Wnt target genes in NPCs or primary mouse neuron cultures. Instead, we found DEA increased expression of the H3K9 methylation sensitive gene CALB1, consistent with competitive inhibition of the methyl donor enzymatic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Wolter
- UNC Neuroscience CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental DisabilitiesThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jessica A. Jimenez
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental MedicineThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jason L. Stein
- UNC Neuroscience CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of GeneticsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mark J. Zylka
- UNC Neuroscience CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental DisabilitiesThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
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Delprato A, Xiao E, Manoj D. Connecting DCX, COMT and FMR1 in social behavior and cognitive impairment. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2022; 18:7. [PMID: 35590332 PMCID: PMC9121553 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-022-00191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants of DCX, COMT and FMR1 have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders related to intellectual disability and social behavior. In this systematic review we examine the roles of the DCX, COMT and FMR1 genes in the context of hippocampal neurogenesis with respect to these disorders with the aim of identifying important hubs and signaling pathways that may bridge these conditions. Taken together our findings indicate that factors connecting DCX, COMT, and FMR1 in intellectual disability and social behavior may converge at Wnt signaling, neuron migration, and axon and dendrite morphogenesis. Data derived from genomic research has identified a multitude of genes that are linked to brain disorders and developmental differences. Information about where and how these genes function and cooperate is lagging behind. The approach used here may help to shed light on the biological underpinnings in which key genes interface and may prove useful for the testing of specific hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Delprato
- Department of Research and Education, BioScience Project, Wakefield, MA, 01880, USA.
| | - Emily Xiao
- Department of Research and Education, BioScience Project, Wakefield, MA, 01880, USA.,Alexander Mackenzie High School, Richmond Hill, ON, 14519, Canada
| | - Devika Manoj
- Department of Research and Education, BioScience Project, Wakefield, MA, 01880, USA.,Lambert High School, Suwanee, GA, 30024, USA
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Mocci E, Goto T, Chen J, Ament S, Traub RJ, Dorsey SG. Early and Late Transcriptional Changes in Blood, Neural, and Colon Tissues in Rat Models of Stress-Induced and Comorbid Pain Hypersensitivity Reveal Regulatory Roles in Neurological Disease. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:886042. [PMID: 35655748 PMCID: PMC9152010 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.886042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) are two chronic pain conditions that frequently overlap in the same individual, more commonly in women. Stress is a significant risk factor, exacerbating or triggering one or both conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying IBS–TMD co-morbidity are mostly unknown. Aim To detect both specific and common stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity (SIH) and comorbid TMD–IBS pain hypersensitivity (CPH) genetic signatures over time. Method Twenty-four female rats were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: naïve, SIH, and CPH (orofacial pain plus stress). RNA was extracted from blood, colon, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglion 1 or 7 weeks after the stress paradigm. We combined differential gene expression and co-expression network analyses to define both SIH and CPH expression profiles across tissues and time. Results The transcriptomic profile in blood and colon showed increased expression of genes enriched in inflammatory and neurological biological processes in CPH compared to SIH rats, both at 1 and 7 weeks after stress. In lumbosacral spinal tissue, both SIH and CPH rats compared to naïve revealed decreased expression of genes related to synaptic activity and increased expression of genes enriched in “angiogenesis,” “Neurotrophin,” and “PI3K-Akt” pathways. Compared to SIH, CPH rats showed increased expression of angiogenesis-related genes 1 week after exposure to stress, while 7 weeks post-stress the expression of these genes was higher in SIH rats. In dorsal root ganglia (DRG), CPH rats showed decreased expression of immune response genes at week 1 and inhibition of nerve myelination genes at 7 weeks compared to naïve. For all tissues, we observed higher expression of genes involved in ATP production in SIH compared to CPH at 1 week and this was reversed 7 weeks after the induction of stress. Conclusion Our study highlights an increased inflammatory response in CPH compared to SIH rats in the blood and colon. DRG and spinal transcriptomic profiles of both CPH and SIH rats showed inhibition of synaptic activity along with activation of angiogenesis. Targeting these biological processes may lead to a more profound understanding of the mechanisms underlying IBS–TMD comorbidities and new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Mocci
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Taichi Goto
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Seth Ament
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard J. Traub
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Susan G. Dorsey
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Susan G. Dorsey
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Welch C, Mulligan K. Does Bisphenol A Confer Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders? What We Have Learned from Developmental Neurotoxicity Studies in Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2894. [PMID: 35270035 PMCID: PMC8910940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous environmental chemical used in the synthesis of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, can impair brain development. Clinical and epidemiological studies exploring potential connections between BPA and neurodevelopmental disorders in humans have repeatedly identified correlations between early BPA exposure and developmental disorders, such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Investigations using invertebrate and vertebrate animal models have revealed that developmental exposure to BPA can impair multiple aspects of neuronal development, including neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, synapse formation, and synaptic plasticity-neuronal phenotypes that are thought to underpin the fundamental changes in behavior-associated neurodevelopmental disorders. Consistent with neuronal phenotypes caused by BPA, behavioral analyses of BPA-treated animals have shown significant impacts on behavioral endophenotypes related to neurodevelopmental disorders, including altered locomotor activity, learning and memory deficits, and anxiety-like behavior. To contextualize the correlations between BPA and neurodevelopmental disorders in humans, this review summarizes the current literature on the developmental neurotoxicity of BPA in laboratory animals with an emphasis on neuronal phenotypes, molecular mechanisms, and behavioral outcomes. The collective works described here predominantly support the notion that gestational exposure to BPA should be regarded as a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Welch
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Kimberly Mulligan
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
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35
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Jha NK, Chen WC, Kumar S, Dubey R, Tsai LW, Kar R, Jha SK, Gupta PK, Sharma A, Gundamaraju R, Pant K, Mani S, Singh SK, Maccioni RB, Datta T, Singh SK, Gupta G, Prasher P, Dua K, Dey A, Sharma C, Mughal YH, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK, Ojha S. Molecular mechanisms of developmental pathways in neurological disorders: a pharmacological and therapeutic review. Open Biol 2022; 12:210289. [PMID: 35291879 PMCID: PMC8924757 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental signalling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and Sonic hedgehog play a central role in nearly all the stages of neuronal development. The term 'embryonic' might appear to be a misnomer to several people because these pathways are functional during the early stages of embryonic development and adulthood, albeit to a certain degree. Therefore, any aberration in these pathways or their associated components may contribute towards a detrimental outcome in the form of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. In the last decade, researchers have extensively studied these pathways to decipher disease-related interactions, which can be used as therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in patients with neurological abnormalities. However, a lot remains to be understood in this domain. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence supporting the fact that embryonic signalling is indeed a crucial mechanism as is manifested by its role in driving memory loss, motor impairments and many other processes after brain trauma. In this review, we explore the key roles of three embryonic pathways in modulating a range of homeostatic processes such as maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, mitochondrial dynamics and neuroinflammation. In addition, we extensively investigated the effect of these pathways in driving the pathophysiology of a range of disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and diabetic neuropathy. The concluding section of the review is dedicated to neurotherapeutics, wherein we identify and list a range of biological molecules and compounds that have shown enormous potential in improving prognosis in patients with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Information Technology Office, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Rohan Kar
- Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA), Gujarat 380015, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia
| | - Kumud Pant
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era deemed to be University Dehradun Uttarakhand, 248002 Dehradun, India
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Ricardo B. Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Tirtharaj Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, 302017 Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, and
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasir Hayat Mughal
- Department of Health Administration, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, and
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Kook MG, Lee SE, Shin N, Kong D, Kim DH, Kim MS, Kang HK, Choi SW, Kang KS. Generation of Cortical Brain Organoid with Vascularization by Assembling with Vascular Spheroid. Int J Stem Cells 2022; 15:85-94. [PMID: 35220294 PMCID: PMC8889335 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Methods and Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Geun Kook
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nari Shin
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dasom Kong
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da-Hyun Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyoung Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Won Choi
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Lo T, Kushima I, Aleksic B, Kato H, Nawa Y, Hayashi Y, Otgonbayar G, Kimura H, Arioka Y, Mori D, Ozaki N. Sequencing of selected chromatin remodelling genes reveals increased burden of rare missense variants in ASD patients from the Japanese population. Int Rev Psychiatry 2022; 34:154-167. [PMID: 35699097 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2072193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin remodelling is an important process in neural development and is related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) aetiology. To further elucidate the involvement of chromatin remodelling genes in the genetic aetiology of ASD and SCZ in the Japanese population, we performed a case-control study. Targeted sequencing was conducted on coding regions of four BAF chromatin remodelling complex genes: SMARCA2, SMARCA4, SMARCC2, and ARID1B in 185 ASD, 432 SCZ patients, and 517 controls. 27 rare non-synonymous variants were identified in ASD and SCZ patients, including 25 missense, one in-frame deletion in SMRACA4, and one frame-shift variant in SMARCC2. Association analysis was conducted to investigate the burden of rare variants in BAF genes in ASD and SCZ patients. Significant enrichment of rare missense variants in BAF genes, but not synonymous variants, was found in ASD compared to controls. Rare pathogenic variants indicated by in silico tools were significantly enriched in ASD, but not statistically significant in SCZ. Pathogenic-predicted variants were located in disordered binding regions and may confer risk for ASD and SCZ by disrupting protein-protein interactions. Our study supports the involvement of rare missense variants of BAF genes in ASD and SCZ susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzuyao Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yu Hayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gantsooj Otgonbayar
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuko Arioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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38
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Nagu P, Sharma V, Behl T, Pathan AKA, Mehta V. Molecular Insights to the Wnt Signaling During Alzheimer's Disorder: a Potential Target for Therapeutic Interventions. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:679-690. [PMID: 34997460 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the adult brain, Wnt signaling is crucial for neurogenesis, and it also regulates neuronal development, neuronal maturation, neuronal differential, and proliferation. Impaired Wnt signaling pathways are associated with enhanced levels of amyloid-β, reduced β-catenin levels, and increased expression of GSK-3β enzyme, suggesting its direct association with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disorder (AD). These findings are consolidated by reports where activation of Wnt signaling by genetic factors and pharmacological intervention has improved the cognitive functions in animals and restored neurogenesis in the adult brain. Various natural and synthetic molecules have been identified that modulate Wnt signaling in the adult brain and promote neurogenesis and alleviate behavioral dysfunction. These molecules include lithium, valproic acid, ethosuximide, selenomethionine, curcumin, andrographolide, xanthoceraside, huperzine A, pyridostigmine, ginkgolide-B, ricinine, cannabidiol, and resveratrol. These molecules are associated with the DKK1 and GSK-3β inhibition and β-catenin stabilization along with their effects on neurogenesis, neuronal proliferation, and differentiation in the hippocampus through modulation of Wnt signaling and thereby could prove beneficial in the management of AD pathogenesis. Although modulation of the Wnt signaling seems to suggest to be promising in the management of AD, unfortunately, most of the literature available for the association of Wnt signaling and AD pathogenesis is either from preclinical studies or post-mortem brain. Therefore, it will be interesting to understand the role of Wnt signaling in AD patients, and a rigorous investigation could provide us with a better understanding of AD pathogenesis and the identification of novel targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Nagu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Government College of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh 171207, Rohru, District Shimla, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Amjad Khan A Pathan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Government College of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh 171207, Rohru, District Shimla, India.
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Wickham RJ, Genné-Bacon EA, Jacob MH. The Spine Lab: A Short-Duration, Fully-Remote Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience. JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE NEUROSCIENCE EDUCATION : JUNE : A PUBLICATION OF FUN, FACULTY FOR UNDERGRADUATE NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 20:A28-A39. [PMID: 35540947 PMCID: PMC9053429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) are increasingly common approaches to provide students with authentic laboratory experiences. Typically, CUREs are semester-long, in-person experiences that can be financially and time prohibitive for some institutions, faculty, and students. Here, we developed a short-duration, fully-online CURE, the Spine Lab, to provide an opportunity for students to conduct original research. In this CURE, we focused on synaptic spines in the mammalian brain; synapses are the unit structure that functions in rapid information processing. The students worked together in pairs and as a class to analyze cortical neuron spine density and structural morphology changes between a mouse line with learning impairments (forebrain-specific β-catenin knockouts [β-cat cKOs]) and control (Ctl) littermates. The students showed their results in an online poster presentation. Their findings show that spine density is significantly reduced, while spine structural maturation is unaltered in the β-cat cKO. Defining pathophysiological changes caused by CTNNB1/β-catenin loss-of-function provides important insights relevant to human disorders caused by disruptive mutations in this gene. To assess the benefits of this CURE, students completed a pre- and post-test assessment including a content quiz, STEM identity survey, and a standardized CURE survey. Participation in the Spine Lab correlated with improved content and STEM identity scores, and decreased negative attitudes about science. Moreover, direct comparison to the CURE database reveals that the Spine Lab produces comparable benefits to traditional CUREs. This work as a whole suggests that short-duration, fully-online CUREs can provide benefit to students and could be an inclusive tool to improve student outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Wickham
- Psychology Department, Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown, PA 17022
| | - Elizabeth A. Genné-Bacon
- Center for Science Education, Department of Medical Education, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Michele H. Jacob
- Department of Neuroscience, Sackler Biomedical Graduate School, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
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Chai Y, Zhao H, Yang S, Gao X, Cao Z, Lu J, Sun Q, Liu W, Zhang Z, Yang J, Wang X, Chen T, Kong X, Mikos AG, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang X. Structural alignment guides oriented migration and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells for neurogenesis in brain injury treatment. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121310. [PMID: 34890972 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Radial glia (RG) cells that align in parallel in the embryonic brain are found to be able to guide the directed migration of neurons in response to brain injury. Therefore, biomaterials with aligned architectures are supposed to have positive effects on neural migration and neurogenic differentiation for brain injury repair that are rarely addressed, although they have been widely demonstrated in spinal cord and peripheral nerve system. Here, we present a highly biomimetic scaffold of aligned fibrin hydrogel (AFG) that mimics the oriented structure of RG fibers. Through a combination of histological, behavioral, imaging, and transcriptomic analyses, we demonstrated that transplanting the AFG scaffold into injured cortical brains promotes effective migration, differentiation, and maturation of endogenous neural stem cells, resulting in neurological functional recovery. Therefore, this study will light up a new perspective on applying an aligned scaffold to promote cortical regeneration after injury by inducing endogenous neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chai
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100040, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, District Pudong, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - He Zhao
- Department of orthopacdic III, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaohan Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100040, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiaju Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qingling Sun
- Department of orthopacdic III, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuelin Wang
- School of Medical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tuoyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100040, China
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, District Pudong, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100040, China.
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Liu T, Zhang T, Nicolas M, Boussicault L, Rice H, Soldano A, Claeys A, Petrova I, Fradkin L, De Strooper B, Potier MC, Hassan BA. The amyloid precursor protein is a conserved Wnt receptor. eLife 2021; 10:69199. [PMID: 34515635 PMCID: PMC8437438 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and its homologues are transmembrane proteins required for various aspects of neuronal development and activity, whose molecular function is unknown. Specifically, it is unclear whether APP acts as a receptor, and if so what its ligand(s) may be. We show that APP binds the Wnt ligands Wnt3a and Wnt5a and that this binding regulates APP protein levels. Wnt3a binding promotes full-length APP (flAPP) recycling and stability. In contrast, Wnt5a promotes APP targeting to lysosomal compartments and reduces flAPP levels. A conserved Cysteine-Rich Domain (CRD) in the extracellular portion of APP is required for Wnt binding, and deletion of the CRD abrogates the effects of Wnts on flAPP levels and trafficking. Finally, loss of APP results in increased axonal and reduced dendritic growth of mouse embryonic primary cortical neurons. This phenotype can be cell-autonomously rescued by full length, but not CRD-deleted, APP and regulated by Wnt ligands in a CRD-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyuan Liu
- Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maya Nicolas
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Brain and Disease, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven School of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lydie Boussicault
- Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Heather Rice
- Center for Brain and Disease, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven School of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alessia Soldano
- Center for Brain and Disease, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven School of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Claeys
- Center for Brain and Disease, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven School of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iveta Petrova
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lee Fradkin
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bart De Strooper
- Center for Brain and Disease, Leuven, Belgium.,UK Dementia Research institute at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bassem A Hassan
- Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Kiaee F, Zaki-Dizaji M, Hafezi N, Almasi-Hashiani A, Hamedifar H, Sabzevari A, Shirkani A, Zian Z, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Aghamahdi F, Goudarzvand M, Yazdani R, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A, Azizi G. Clinical, Immunologic and Molecular Spectrum of Patients with Immunodeficiency, Centromeric Instability, and Facial Anomalies (ICF) Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:664-672. [PMID: 32533820 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200613204426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunodeficiency, centromeric instability and facial dysmorphism (ICF) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive immune disorder presenting with hypogammaglobulinemia, developmental delay, and facial anomalies. The ICF type 1, type 2, type 3 and type 4 are characterized by mutations in DNMT3B, ZBTB24, CDCA7 or HELLS gene, respectively. This study aimed to present a comprehensive description of the clinical, immunologic and genetic features of patients with ICF syndrome. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched systemically to find eligible studies. RESULTS Forty-eight studies with 118 ICF patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in our study. Among these patients, 60% reported with ICF-1, 30% with ICF-2, 4% with ICF-3, and 6% with ICF-4. The four most common symptoms reported in patients with ICF syndrome were: delay in motor development, low birth weight, chronic infections, and diarrhea. Intellectual disability and preterm birth among patients with ICF-2 and failure to thrive, sepsis and fungal infections among patients with ICF-1 were also more frequent. Moreover, the median levels of all three immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) were markedly reduced within four types of ICF syndrome. CONCLUSION The frequency of diagnosed patients with ICF syndrome has increased. Early diagnosis of ICF is important since immunoglobulin supplementation or allogeneic stem cell transplantation can improve the disease-free survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kiaee
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Zaki-Dizaji
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Hafezi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amir Almasi-Hashiani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Haleh Hamedifar
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of medical sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Araz Sabzevari
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of medical sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Afshin Shirkani
- Allergy and clinical Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Science, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Zeineb Zian
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | | | - Fatemeh Aghamahdi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahdi Goudarzvand
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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43
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Fischer M, Chander P, Kang H, Mellios N, Weick JP. Transcriptomic changes due to early, chronic intermittent alcohol exposure during forebrain development implicate WNT signaling, cell-type specification, and cortical regionalization as primary determinants of fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:979-995. [PMID: 33682149 PMCID: PMC8643076 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) due to gestational alcohol exposure represents one of the most common causes of nonheritable lifelong disability worldwide. In vitro and in vivo models have successfully recapitulated multiple facets of the disorder, including morphological and behavioral deficits, but far less is understood regarding the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying FAS. METHODS In this study, we utilized an in vitro human pluripotent stem cell-based (hPSC) model of corticogenesis to probe the effects of early, chronic intermittent alcohol exposure on the transcriptome of first trimester-equivalent cortical neurons. RESULTS We used RNA sequencing of developing hPSC-derived neurons treated for 50 days with 50 mM ethanol and identified a relatively small number of biological pathways significantly altered by alcohol exposure. These included cell-type specification, axon guidance, synaptic function, and regional patterning, with a notable upregulation of WNT signaling-associated transcripts observed in alcohol-exposed cultures relative to alcohol-naïve controls. Importantly, this effect paralleled a shift in gene expression of transcripts associated with regional patterning, such that caudal forebrain-related transcripts were upregulated at the expense of more anterior ones. Results from H9 embryonic stem cells were largely replicated in an induced pluripotent stem cell line (IMR90-4), indicating that these patterning alterations are not cell line-specific. CONCLUSIONS We found that a major effect of chronic intermittent alcohol on the developing cerebral cortex is an overall imbalance in regionalization, with enrichment of gene expression related to the production of posterodorsal progenitors and a diminution of anteroventral progenitors. This finding parallels behavioral and morphological phenotypes observed in animal models of high-dose prenatal alcohol exposure, as well as patients with FAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Fischer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico HSC, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Praveen Chander
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico HSC, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Huining Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico HSC, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nikolaos Mellios
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico HSC, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism (AIM) Center, University of New Mexico HSC, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jason P Weick
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico HSC, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico HSC, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,New Mexico Alcohol Research Center, University of New Mexico HSC, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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44
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Curry RN, Glasgow SM. The Role of Neurodevelopmental Pathways in Brain Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659055. [PMID: 34012965 PMCID: PMC8127784 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions to developmental cell signaling pathways and transcriptional cascades have been implicated in tumor initiation, maintenance and progression. Resurgence of aberrant neurodevelopmental programs in the context of brain tumors highlights the numerous parallels that exist between developmental and oncologic mechanisms. A deeper understanding of how dysregulated developmental factors contribute to brain tumor oncogenesis and disease progression will help to identify potential therapeutic targets for these malignancies. In this review, we summarize the current literature concerning developmental signaling cascades and neurodevelopmentally-regulated transcriptional programs. We also examine their respective contributions towards tumor initiation, maintenance, and progression in both pediatric and adult brain tumors and highlight relevant differentiation therapies and putative candidates for prospective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N. Curry
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, TX, United States
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stacey M. Glasgow
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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45
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Sasai N, Kadoya M, Ong Lee Chen A. Neural induction: Historical views and application to pluripotent stem cells. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:26-37. [PMID: 33289091 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are a useful experimental material to recapitulate the differentiation steps of early embryos, which are usually invisible and inaccessible from outside of the body, especially in mammals. ES cells have greatly facilitated the analyses of gene expression profiles and cell characteristics. In addition, understanding the mechanisms during neural differentiation is important for clinical purposes, such as developing new therapeutic methods or regenerative medicine. As neurons have very limited regenerative ability, neurodegenerative diseases are usually intractable, and patients suffer from the disease throughout their lifetimes. The functional cells generated from ES cells in vitro could replace degenerative areas by transplantation. In this review, we will first demonstrate the historical views and widely accepted concepts regarding the molecular mechanisms of neural induction and positional information to produce the specific types of neurons in model animals. Next, we will describe how these concepts have recently been applied to the research in the establishment of the methodology of neural differentiation from mammalian ES cells. Finally, we will focus on examples of the applications of differentiation systems to clinical purposes. Overall, the discussion will focus on how historical developmental studies are applied to state-of-the-art stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Sasai
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Minori Kadoya
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Agnes Ong Lee Chen
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
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Salem NA, Mahnke AH, Tseng AM, Garcia CR, Jahromi HK, Geoffroy CG, Miranda RC. A novel Oct4/Pou5f1-like non-coding RNA controls neural maturation and mediates developmental effects of ethanol. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 83:106943. [PMID: 33221301 PMCID: PMC7856281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal ethanol exposure can result in loss of neural stem cells (NSCs) and decreased brain growth. Here, we assessed whether a noncoding RNA (ncRNA) related to the NSC self-renewal factor Oct4/Pou5f1, and transcribed from a processed pseudogene locus on mouse chromosome 9 (mOct4pg9), contributed to the loss of NSCs due to ethanol. Mouse fetal cortical-derived NSCs, cultured ex vivo to mimic the early neurogenic environment of the fetal telencephalon, expressed mOct4pg9 ncRNA at significantly higher levels than the parent Oct4/Pou5f1 mRNA. Ethanol exposure increased expression of mOct4pg9 ncRNA, but decreased expression of Oct4/Pou5f1. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses indicated that mOct4pg9 overexpression generally mimicked effects of ethanol exposure, resulting in increased proliferation and expression of transcripts associated with neural maturation. Moreover, mOct4pg9 associated with Ago2 and with miRNAs, including the anti-proliferative miR-328-3p, whose levels were reduced following mOct4pg9 overexpression. Finally, mOct4pg9 inhibited Oct4/Pou5f1-3'UTR-dependent protein translation. Consistent with these observations, data from single-cell transcriptome analysis showed that mOct4pg9-expressing progenitors lack Oct4/Pou5f1, but instead overexpress transcripts for increased mitosis, suggesting initiation of transit amplification. Collectively, these data suggest that the inhibitory effects of ethanol on brain development are explained, in part, by a novel ncRNA which promotes loss of NSC identity and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal A Salem
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Amanda H Mahnke
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA; Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Alexander M Tseng
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Cadianna R Garcia
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Hooman K Jahromi
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Cédric G Geoffroy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rajesh C Miranda
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA.
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Barancik M, Kura B, LeBaron TW, Bolli R, Buday J, Slezak J. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Associated with Effects of Molecular Hydrogen in Cardiovascular and Central Nervous Systems. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121281. [PMID: 33333951 PMCID: PMC7765453 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are important factors contributing to the development of diseases of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Molecular hydrogen is recognized as an emerging therapeutic, and its positive effects in the treatment of pathologies have been documented in both experimental and clinical studies. The therapeutic potential of hydrogen is attributed to several major molecular mechanisms. This review focuses on the effects of hydrogen on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, and summarizes current knowledge about its actions, including the regulation of redox and intracellular signaling, alterations in gene expressions, and modulation of cellular responses (e.g., autophagy, apoptosis, and tissue remodeling). We summarize the functions of hydrogen as a regulator of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated redox signaling and the association of hydrogen with mitochondria as an important target of its therapeutic action. The antioxidant functions of hydrogen are closely associated with protein kinase signaling pathways, and we discuss possible roles of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, which are mediated through glycogen synthase kinase 3β and its involvement in the regulation of cellular apoptosis. Additionally, current knowledge about the role of molecular hydrogen in the modulation of autophagy and matrix metalloproteinases-mediated tissue remodeling, which are other responses to cellular stress, is summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Barancik
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.); (B.K.); (T.W.L.)
| | - Branislav Kura
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.); (B.K.); (T.W.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tyler W. LeBaron
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.); (B.K.); (T.W.L.)
- Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Enoch, UT 84721, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT 84720, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA;
| | - Jozef Buday
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Slezak
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.); (B.K.); (T.W.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-19-03-620-181
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Mishra R, Joshi V, Upadhyay A, Amanullah A, Dubey AR, Singh S, Dubey VK, Poluri KM, Jana NR, Mishra A. LRSAM1 E3 ubiquitin ligase promotes proteasomal clearance of E6-AP protein. Cell Signal 2020; 77:109836. [PMID: 33207262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Numerous proteins participate and actively contribute to the various cellular mechanisms, where several of them are crucial for regular metabolism, including survival. Thus, to maintain optimal cellular physiology, cells govern protein quality control functions with the assistance of comprehensive actions of molecular chaperones, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and autophagy. In the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, few quality control E3 ubiquitin ligases actively participate against misfolded protein aggregation generated via stress conditions. But how these quality control E3s active expression levels returned to basal levels when cells achieved re-establishment of proteostasis is still poorly understood. Our current study demonstrated that LRSAM1 E3 ubiquitin ligase promotes the proteasomal degradation of quality control E3 ubiquitin ligase E6-AP. We have observed the co-localization and recruitment of LRSAM1 with E6-AP protein and noticed that LRSAM1 induces the endogenous turnover of E6-AP. Partial depletion of LRSAM1 elevates the levels of E6-AP and affects overall cell cycle regulatory proteins (p53 and p27) expression, including the rate of cellular proliferation. The current finding also provides an excellent opportunity to better understand the basis of the E6-AP associated pathomechanism of Angelman Syndrome disorder. Additionally, this study touches upon the novel potential molecular strategy to regulate the levels of one quality control E3 ubiquitin ligase with another E3 ubiquitin ligase and restore proteostasis and provide a possible therapeutic approach against abnormal protein aggregation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ribhav Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Vibhuti Joshi
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Ayeman Amanullah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Ankur Rakesh Dubey
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Sarika Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology and Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India
| | - Vikash Kumar Dubey
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Jana
- School of Bioscience Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India.
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49
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Wnt/PCP signalling cascade disruption by JNK inhibition as a potential mechanism underlying the teratogenic effects of potato glycoalkaloids. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9235-9238. [PMID: 33099761 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is hypothesised that the inhibition of the non-canonical Wnt/PCP intracellular signalling cascade by potato glycoalkaloids, [Formula: see text]-solanine and [Formula: see text]-chaconine, results in an increased risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). One very prominent intracellular signalling pathway with substantial implications in the development and closure of the neural tube is the Wnt/PCP pathway. Experimental inhibition of this results in NTDs. A vital element of this signalling cascade is JNK, which controls the transcription of DNA, which controls cell polarity and directional cell migration. JNK inhibition also results in NTDs experimentally. Through their use in cancer research, [Formula: see text]-solanine and [Formula: see text]-chaconine were found to inhibit metastasis by inhibiting JNK, among other intracellular signalling molecules. Thus, this shows that potato glycoalkaloids increase the likelihood of causing NTDs by inhibiting the proper functioning of JNK in the Wnt/PCP pathway, resulting in defective neural tube closure.
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Shaker MR, Lee JH, Park SH, Kim JY, Son GH, Son JW, Park BH, Rhyu IJ, Kim H, Sun W. Anteroposterior Wnt-RA Gradient Defines Adhesion and Migration Properties of Neural Progenitors in Developing Spinal Cord. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:898-911. [PMID: 32976767 PMCID: PMC7562945 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian embryos exhibit a transition from head morphogenesis to trunk elongation to meet the demand of axial elongation. The caudal neural tube (NT) is formed with neural progenitors (NPCs) derived from neuromesodermal progenitors localized at the tail tip. However, the molecular and cellular basis of elongating NT morphogenesis is yet elusive. Here, we provide evidence that caudal NPCs exhibit strong adhesion affinity that is gradually decreased along the anteroposterior (AP) axis in mouse embryonic spinal cord and human cellular models. Strong cell-cell adhesion causes collective migration, allowing AP alignment of NPCs depending on their birthdate. We further validated that this axial adhesion gradient is associated with the extracellular matrix and is under the control of graded Wnt signaling emanating from tail buds and antagonistic retinoic acid (RA) signaling. These results suggest that progressive reduction of NPC adhesion along the AP axis is under the control of Wnt-RA molecular networks, which is essential for a proper elongation of the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed R Shaker
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Si-Hyung Park
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Gi Hoon Son
- Department of Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jong Wan Son
- Division of Quantum Phases and Devices, Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Bae Ho Park
- Division of Quantum Phases and Devices, Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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