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Guessous G, Blake L, Bui A, Woo Y, Manzanarez G. Disentangling the Web: An Interdisciplinary Review on the Potential and Feasibility of Spider Silk Bioproduction. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:5412-5438. [PMID: 39136701 PMCID: PMC11388149 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable material properties of spider silk, such as its high toughness and tensile strength combined with its low density, make it a highly sought-after material with myriad applications. In addition, the biological nature of spider silk makes it a promising, potentially sustainable alternative to many toxic or petrochemical-derived materials. Therefore, interest in the heterologous production of spider silk proteins has greatly increased over the past few decades, making recombinant spider silk an important frontier in biomanufacturing. This has resulted in a diversity of potential host organisms, a large space for sequence design, and a variety of downstream processing techniques and product applications for spider silk production. Here, we highlight advances in each of these technical aspects as well as white spaces therein, still ripe for further investigation and discovery. Additionally, industry landscaping, patent analyses, and interviews with Key Opinion Leaders help define both the research and industry landscapes. In particular, we found that though textiles dominated the early products proposed by companies, the versatile nature of spider silk has opened up possibilities in other industries, such as high-performance materials in automotive applications or biomedical therapies. While continuing enthusiasm has imbued scientists and investors alike, many technical and business considerations still remain unsolved before spider silk can be democratized as a high-performance product. We provide insights and strategies for overcoming these initial hurdles, and we highlight the importance of collaboration between academia, industry, and policy makers. Linking technical considerations to business and market entry strategies highlights the importance of a holistic approach for the effective scale-up and commercial viability of spider silk bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghita Guessous
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92092, United States
- Research Initiative, Nucleate, 88 Gordon Street #401, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135, United States
| | - Lauren Blake
- Research Initiative, Nucleate, 88 Gordon Street #401, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Tufts University Center for Cellular Agriculture (TUCCA), Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Anthony Bui
- Research Initiative, Nucleate, 88 Gordon Street #401, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Yelim Woo
- Research Initiative, Nucleate, 88 Gordon Street #401, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135, United States
- Questrom School of Business, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Gabriel Manzanarez
- Research Initiative, Nucleate, 88 Gordon Street #401, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92092, United States
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Sun H, Ni J, Yang G, Liu Z, Wang Z, Zhu S, Li Z, Jiang Y, Zhan X, Wang Y, Gao M. A novel coupled fermentation system for low-molecular-weight xanthan gum with diverse biological activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135283. [PMID: 39233163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Xanthan gum (XG) is a bacterial exopolysaccharide widely used in various industries due to its stability and rheological properties. Low-molecular-weight xanthan gum (LXG) exhibits enhanced properties and broader applications, but current degradation methods are limited. This study introduces an innovative coupled fermentation system for the efficient production of LXG. Endo-xanthanase from Microbacterium sp. XT11 was expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115, exhibiting optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 40 °C, with broad pH tolerance. The optimized coupled fermentation system used bean sprouts juice as nitrogen source, the inoculation quantity of X. campestris: P. pastoris was 1: 3, and the pH was controlled at 6.0. In the bioreactor, the total sugar concentration reached 12.12 g/L, the reducing sugar concentration reached 5.32 g/L, and the endo-xanthanase activity increased to 1150.26 U/L, which were 2.13, 2.3, and 3.71 times higher than those at the shake flask level, respectively. The prepared LXG had a molecular weight of 1093 Da and a monosaccharide ratio of 2.0:1.57:0.89 (glucose, mannose, and glucuronic acid). Bioactivity analysis revealed its antioxidant and prebiotic properties, promoting the growth of beneficial intestinal microbiota and metabolite production. This suggests the potential of LXG as a functional ingredient in intestinal health-focused foods and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqing Sun
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jialin Ni
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guoshuai Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhilei Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zichao Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shengyong Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Minjie Gao
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Unver Y, Ari B, Acar M, Yildiz Arslan S. A self-inducible heterologous protein expression system in Komagataella phaffii ( Pichia pastoris). 3 Biotech 2024; 14:193. [PMID: 39131177 PMCID: PMC11306816 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Komagataella phaffii (previously described as Pichia pastoris) is a yeast that produces high-level heterologous proteins with a wide range of applications in medicine and industry. The methanol-induced alcohol oxidase I promoter (PAOX1) is frequently used for protein expression in this yeast. However, limitations on the use of methanol have been observed in large-scale production, including its flammability, toxicity, and need for special handling. Here, we propose to develop a system using recombinant cells constitutively expressing pectinmethyl esterase for expression of two reporter proteins, GFP and azurin, under the control of PAOX1 using pectin in production medium. So, this system is coherent with yeast culture medium containing pectin and heterologous gene inserted downstream of PAOX1 can be successfully expressed without the addition of methanol. Therefore, this novel Self-inducibLe heterologous protein EXpression (SILEX) system, which does not require the addition of methanol, can be used for the production of any protein. It can also be adapted for large-scale production. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04039-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Unver
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Betul Ari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Melek Acar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Seyda Yildiz Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Adame M, Vázquez H, Juárez-López D, Corzo G, Amezcua M, López D, González Z, Schcolnik-Cabrera A, Morales-Martínez A, Villegas E. Expression and characterization of scFv-6009FV in Pichia pastoris with improved ability to neutralize the neurotoxin Cn2 from Centruroides noxius. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133461. [PMID: 38945343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Small single-chain variable fragments (scFv) are promising biomolecules to inhibit and neutralize toxins and to act as antivenoms. In this work, we aimed to produce a functional scFv-6009FV in the yeast Pichia pastoris, which inhibits the pure Cn2 neurotoxin and the whole venom of Centruroides noxius. We were able to achieve yields of up to 31.6 ± 2 mg/L in flasks. Furthermore, the protein showed a structure of 6.1 % α-helix, 49.1 % β-sheet, and 44.8 % of random coil by CD. Mass spectrometry confirmed the amino acid sequence and showed no glycosylation profile for this molecule. Purified scFv-6009FV allowed us to develop anti-scFvs in rabbits, which were then used in affinity columns to purify other scFvs. Determination of its half-maximal inhibitory concentration value (IC50) was 40 % better than the scFvs produced by E. coli as a control. Finally, we found that scFv-6009FV was able to inhibit ex vivo the pure Cn2 toxin and the whole venom from C. noxius in murine rescue experiments. These results demonstrated that under the conditions assayed here, P. pastoris is suited to produce scFv-6009FV that, compared to scFvs produced by E. coli, maintains the characteristics of an antibody and neutralizes the Cn2 toxin more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Adame
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Hilda Vázquez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Daniel Juárez-López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gerardo Corzo
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Mónica Amezcua
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Daniela López
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Zuriel González
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | - Adriana Morales-Martínez
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Elba Villegas
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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Rajak N, Dey T, Sharma Y, Bellad V, Rangarajan PN. Unlocking Nature's Toolbox: glutamate-inducible recombinant protein production from the Komagatella phaffii PEPCK promoter. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:66. [PMID: 38402195 PMCID: PMC10893637 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Komagataella phaffii (a.k.a. Pichia pastoris) harbors a glutamate utilization pathway in which synthesis of glutamate dehydrogenase 2 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is induced by glutamate. Glutamate-inducible synthesis of these enzymes is regulated by Rtg1p, a cytosolic, basic helix-loop-helix protein. Here, we report food-grade monosodium glutamate (MSG)-inducible recombinant protein production from K. phaffii PEPCK promoter (PPEPCK) using green fluorescent protein (GFP) and receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 virus (RBD) as model proteins. RESULTS PPEPCK-RBD/GFP expression cassette was integrated at two different sites in the genome to improve recombinant protein yield from PPEPCK. The traditional, methanol-inducible alcohol oxidase 1 promoter (PAOX1) was used as the benchmark. Initial studies carried out with MSG as the inducer resulted in low recombinant protein yield. A new strategy employing MSG/ethanol mixed feeding improved biomass generation as well as recombinant protein yield. Cell density of 100-120 A600 units/ml was achieved after 72 h of induction in shake flask cultivations, resulting in recombinant protein yield from PPEPCK that is comparable or even higher than that from PAOX1. CONCLUSIONS We have designed an induction medium for recombinant protein production from K. phaffii PPEPCK in shake flask cultivations. It consists of 1.0% yeast extract, 2.0% peptone, 0.17% yeast nitrogen base with ammonium sulfate, 100 mM potassium phosphate (pH 6.0), 0.4 mg/L biotin, 2.0% MSG, and 2% ethanol. Substitution of ammonium sulphate with 0.5% urea is optional. Carbon source was replenished every 24 h during 72 h induction period. Under these conditions, GFP and RBD yields from PPEPCK equaled and even surpassed those from PAOX1. Compared to the traditional methanol-inducible expression system, the inducers of glutamate-inducible expression system are non-toxic and their metabolism does not generate toxic metabolites such as formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. This study sets the stage for MSG-inducible, industrial scale recombinant protein production from K. phaffii PPEPCK in bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Rajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Trishna Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Yash Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Vedanth Bellad
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Pundi N Rangarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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Khlebodarova TM, Bogacheva NV, Zadorozhny AV, Bryanskaya AV, Vasilieva AR, Chesnokov DO, Pavlova EI, Peltek SE. Komagataella phaffii as a Platform for Heterologous Expression of Enzymes Used for Industry. Microorganisms 2024; 12:346. [PMID: 38399750 PMCID: PMC10892927 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the 1980s, Escherichia coli was the preferred host for heterologous protein expression owing to its capacity for rapid growth in complex media; well-studied genetics; rapid and direct transformation with foreign DNA; and easily scalable fermentation. Despite the relative ease of use of E. coli for achieving the high expression of many recombinant proteins, for some proteins, e.g., membrane proteins or proteins of eukaryotic origin, this approach can be rather ineffective. Another microorganism long-used and popular as an expression system is baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In spite of a number of obvious advantages of these yeasts as host cells, there are some limitations on their use as expression systems, for example, inefficient secretion, misfolding, hyperglycosylation, and aberrant proteolytic processing of proteins. Over the past decade, nontraditional yeast species have been adapted to the role of alternative hosts for the production of recombinant proteins, e.g., Komagataella phaffii, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. These yeast species' several physiological characteristics (that are different from those of S. cerevisiae), such as faster growth on cheap carbon sources and higher secretion capacity, make them practical alternative hosts for biotechnological purposes. Currently, the K. phaffii-based expression system is one of the most popular for the production of heterologous proteins. Along with the low secretion of endogenous proteins, K. phaffii efficiently produces and secretes heterologous proteins in high yields, thereby reducing the cost of purifying the latter. This review will discuss practical approaches and technological solutions for the efficient expression of recombinant proteins in K. phaffii, mainly based on the example of enzymes used for the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M. Khlebodarova
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Bogacheva
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Zadorozhny
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alla V. Bryanskaya
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Asya R. Vasilieva
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Danil O. Chesnokov
- Sector of Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.O.C.); (E.I.P.)
| | - Elena I. Pavlova
- Sector of Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.O.C.); (E.I.P.)
| | - Sergey E. Peltek
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Aza P, Camarero S. Fungal Laccases: Fundamentals, Engineering and Classification Update. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1716. [PMID: 38136587 PMCID: PMC10741624 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) share a common catalytic mechanism of activation by oxygen and cupredoxin-like folding, along with some common structural determinants. Laccases constitute the largest group of MCOs, with fungal laccases having the greatest biotechnological applicability due to their superior ability to oxidize a wide range of aromatic compounds and lignin, which is enhanced in the presence of redox mediators. The adaptation of these versatile enzymes to specific application processes can be achieved through the directed evolution of the recombinant enzymes. On the other hand, their substrate versatility and the low sequence homology among laccases make their exact classification difficult. Many of the ever-increasing amounts of MCO entries from fungal genomes are automatically (and often wrongly) annotated as laccases. In a recent comparative genomic study of 52 basidiomycete fungi, MCO classification was revised based on their phylogeny. The enzymes clustered according to common structural motifs and theoretical activities, revealing three novel groups of laccase-like enzymes. This review provides an overview of the structure, catalytic activity, and oxidative mechanism of fungal laccases and how their biotechnological potential as biocatalysts in industry can be greatly enhanced by protein engineering. Finally, recent information on newly identified MCOs with laccase-like activity is included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana Camarero
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Vieira IPV, Pimentel FSA, Coelho CM, De Marco JL, de Moraes LMP, Torres FAG. Use of an on/off tetracycline riboswitch to control protein production in Komagataella phaffii. AMB Express 2023; 13:131. [PMID: 37989852 PMCID: PMC10663417 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii is one of the most important microbial platforms to produce recombinant proteins. Despite its importance in the context of industrial biotechnology, the use of synthetic biology approaches in K. phaffii is hampered by the fact that few genetic tools are available for precise control of gene expression in this system. In this work, we used an RNA aptamer activated by tetracycline to modulate protein production at the translational level. Using lacZ as gene reporter, we have demonstrated significant reduction of the heterologous protein upon addition of tetracycline. Furthermore, this genetic control device was applied for the control of Ku70p. This protein is involved in non-homologous recombination and the control of its production paves the way for the development of strains exhibiting higher rates of homologous recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Seixas Arreguy Pimentel
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Leveduras, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cintia Marques Coelho
- Laboratório de Biologia Sintética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Janice Lisboa De Marco
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Lidia Maria Pepe de Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Liu Q, Huo X, Tian Q, Wang P, Zhao F, Yang C, Su J. The oral antigen-adjuvant fusion vaccine P-MCP-FlaC provides effective protective effect against largemouth bass ranavirus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109179. [PMID: 37863125 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV) is highly contagious and lethal to largemouth bass, causing significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry. Oral vaccination is generally considered the most ideal strategy for protecting fish from viral infection. In this study, the fusion protein MCP-FlaC, consisting of the main capsid protein (MCP) as the antigen and flagellin C (FlaC) as the adjuvant, was intracellularly expressed in Pichia pastoris. Subsequently, the recombinant P. pastoris was freeze-dried to prepare the oral vaccine P-MCP-FlaC. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the morphology and structure of the freeze-dried recombinant P. pastoris vaccine remained intact. The experiment fish (n = 100) was divided into five groups (P-MCP-FlaC, P-MCP, P-FlaC, P-pPIC3.5K, control) to evaluate the protective efficacy of the recombinant vaccine. Oral P-MCP-FlaC vaccine effectively up-regulated the serum enzymes activity (total superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, total antioxidant capacity, and complement component 3). The survival rate of P-MCP-FlaC group was significantly higher than that of the other groups. The mRNA expression of crucial immune genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, MHC-II, IFN-γ, Mx, IgM, IgT) was also signally elevated in P-MCP-FlaC group. Vaccine P-MCP-FlaC markedly inhibited the replication of LMBV in the spleen, head kidney, and intestine, while reducing the degree of lesion in the spleen. These results suggest that the oral P-MCP-FlaC vaccine could effectively control LMBV infection, proving an effective strategy for viral diseases prevention in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xingchen Huo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingqing Tian
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pengxu Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fengxia Zhao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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10
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Shishparenok AN, Gladilina YA, Zhdanov DD. Engineering and Expression Strategies for Optimization of L-Asparaginase Development and Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15220. [PMID: 37894901 PMCID: PMC10607044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic engineering for heterologous expression has advanced in recent years. Model systems such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pichia pastoris are often used as host microorganisms for the enzymatic production of L-asparaginase, an enzyme widely used in the clinic for the treatment of leukemia and in bakeries for the reduction of acrylamide. Newly developed recombinant L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) may have a low affinity for asparagine, reduced catalytic activity, low stability, and increased glutaminase activity or immunogenicity. Some successful commercial preparations of L-ASNase are now available. Therefore, obtaining novel L-ASNases with improved properties suitable for food or clinical applications remains a challenge. The combination of rational design and/or directed evolution and heterologous expression has been used to create enzymes with desired characteristics. Computer design, combined with other methods, could make it possible to generate mutant libraries of novel L-ASNases without costly and time-consuming efforts. In this review, we summarize the strategies and approaches for obtaining and developing L-ASNase with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya N. Shishparenok
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.S.); (Y.A.G.)
| | - Yulia A. Gladilina
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.S.); (Y.A.G.)
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.N.S.); (Y.A.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Miklukho—Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Pentjuss A, Bolmanis E, Suleiko A, Didrihsone E, Suleiko A, Dubencovs K, Liepins J, Kazaks A, Vanags J. Pichia pastoris growth-coupled heme biosynthesis analysis using metabolic modelling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15816. [PMID: 37739976 PMCID: PMC10516909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42865-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy leghemoglobin is one of the most important and key ingredients in plant-based meat substitutes that can imitate the colour and flavour of the meat. To improve the high-yield production of leghemoglobin protein and its main component-heme in the yeast Pichia pastoris, glycerol and methanol cultivation conditions were studied. Additionally, in-silico metabolic modelling analysis of growth-coupled enzyme quantity, suggests metabolic gene up/down-regulation strategies for heme production. First, cultivations and metabolic modelling analysis of P. pastoris were performed on glycerol and methanol in different growth media. Glycerol cultivation uptake and production rates can be increased by 50% according to metabolic modelling results, but methanol cultivation-is near the theoretical maximum. Growth-coupled metabolic optimisation results revealed the best feasible upregulation (33 reactions) (1.47% of total reactions) and 66 downregulation/deletion (2.98% of total) reaction suggestions. Finally, we describe reaction regulation suggestions with the highest potential to increase heme production yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agris Pentjuss
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Institute, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga, 1004, Latvia.
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, Riga, 1006, Latvia.
| | - Emils Bolmanis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1 K-1, Riga, 1067, Latvia
| | - Anastasija Suleiko
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, Riga, 1006, Latvia
- Bioreactors.Net AS, Dzerbenes Street 27, Riga, 1006, Latvia
| | - Elina Didrihsone
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, Riga, 1006, Latvia
| | - Arturs Suleiko
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, Riga, 1006, Latvia
- Bioreactors.Net AS, Dzerbenes Street 27, Riga, 1006, Latvia
| | - Konstantins Dubencovs
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, Riga, 1006, Latvia
- Bioreactors.Net AS, Dzerbenes Street 27, Riga, 1006, Latvia
| | - Janis Liepins
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Institute, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga, 1004, Latvia
| | - Andris Kazaks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Street 1 K-1, Riga, 1067, Latvia
| | - Juris Vanags
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, Riga, 1006, Latvia
- Bioreactors.Net AS, Dzerbenes Street 27, Riga, 1006, Latvia
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12
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De Brabander P, Uitterhaegen E, Delmulle T, De Winter K, Soetaert W. Challenges and progress towards industrial recombinant protein production in yeasts: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108121. [PMID: 36775001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins (RP) are widely used as biopharmaceuticals, industrial enzymes, or sustainable food source. Yeasts, with their ability to produce complex proteins through a broad variety of cheap carbon sources, have emerged as promising eukaryotic production hosts. As such, the prevalence of yeasts as favourable production organisms in commercial RP production is expected to increase. Yet, with the selection of a robust production host on the one hand, successful scale-up is dependent on a thorough understanding of the challenging environment and limitations of large-scale bioreactors on the other hand. In the present work, several prominent yeast species, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, Yarrowia lipolytica, Kluyveromyces lactis and Kluyveromyces marxianus are reviewed for their current state and performance in commercial RP production. Thereafter, the impact of principal process control parameters, including dissolved oxygen, pH, substrate concentration, and temperature, on large-scale RP production are discussed. Finally, technical challenges of process scale-up are identified. To that end, process intensification strategies to enhance industrial feasibility are summarized, specifically highlighting fermentation strategies to ensure sufficient cooling capacity, overcome oxygen limitation, and increase protein quality and productivity. As such, this review aims to contribute to the pursuit of sustainable yeast-based RP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter De Brabander
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant (BBEPP), Rodenhuizekaai 1, 9042 Ghent (Desteldonk), Belgium
| | - Evelien Uitterhaegen
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant (BBEPP), Rodenhuizekaai 1, 9042 Ghent (Desteldonk), Belgium
| | - Tom Delmulle
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel De Winter
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant (BBEPP), Rodenhuizekaai 1, 9042 Ghent (Desteldonk), Belgium.
| | - Wim Soetaert
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant (BBEPP), Rodenhuizekaai 1, 9042 Ghent (Desteldonk), Belgium
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Jiang M, Liu Y, Xue H, Wang Y, Wang C, Yang F, Li X. Expression and biochemical characterization of a Bacillus subtilis catalase in Pichia pastoris X-33. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 208-209:106277. [PMID: 37100104 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Catalase, which catalyzes the decomposition of H2O2 to H2O and O2, is widely used to reduce H2O2 in industrial applications, such as in food processing, textile dyeing and wastewater treatment. In this study, the catalase (KatA) from Bacillus subtilis was cloned and expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris X-33. The effect of the promoter in the expression plasmid on the activity level of the secreted KatA protein was also studied. First, the gene encoding KatA was cloned and inserted into a plasmid containing an inducible alcohol oxidase 1 promoter (pAOX1) or a constitutive glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (pGAP). The recombinant plasmids were validated by colony PCR and sequencing and then linearized and transformed into the yeast P. pastoris X-33 for expression. With the promoter pAOX1, the maximum yield of KatA in the culture medium reached 338.8 ± 9.6 U/mL in 2 days of shake flask cultivation, which was approximately 2.1-fold greater than the maximum yield obtained with the promoter pGAP. The expressed KatA was then purified from the culture medium by anion exchange chromatography, and its specific activity was determined to be 14826.58 U/mg. Finally, the purified KatA exhibited optimum activity at 25 °C and pH 11.0. Its Km for hydrogen peroxide was 10.9 ± 0.5 mM, and its kcat/Km was 5788.1 ± 25.6 s-1 mM-1. Through the work presented in this article, we have therefore demonstrated efficient expression and purification of KatA in P. pastoris, which might be advantageous for scaling up the production of KatA for use in a variety of biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtong Jiang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Hongjian Xue
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Conggang Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Xianzhen Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
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Beygmoradi A, Homaei A, Hemmati R, Fernandes P. Recombinant protein expression: Challenges in production and folding related matters. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123407. [PMID: 36708896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Protein folding is a biophysical process by which proteins reach a specific three-dimensional structure. The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain contains all the information needed to determine the final three-dimensional structure of a protein. When producing a recombinant protein, several problems can occur, including proteolysis, incorrect folding, formation of inclusion bodies, or protein aggregation, whereby the protein loses its natural structure. To overcome such limitations, several strategies have been developed to address each specific issue. Identification of proper protein refolding conditions can be challenging, and to tackle this high throughput screening for different recombinant protein folding conditions can prove a sound solution. Different approaches have emerged to tackle refolding issues. One particular approach to address folding issues involves molecular chaperones, highly conserved proteins that contribute to proper folding by shielding folding proteins from other proteins that could hinder the process. Proper protein folding is one of the main prerequisites for post-translational modifications. Incorrect folding, if not dealt with, can lead to a buildup of protein misfoldings that damage cells and cause widespread abnormalities. Said post-translational modifications, widespread in eukaryotes, are critical for protein structure, function and biological activity. Incorrect post-translational protein modifications may lead to individual consequences or aggregation of therapeutic proteins. In this review article, we have tried to examine some key aspects of recombinant protein expression. Accordingly, the relevance of these proteins is highlighted, major problems related to the production of recombinant protein and to refolding issues are pinpointed and suggested solutions are presented. An overview of post-translational modification, their biological significance and methods of identification are also provided. Overall, the work is expected to illustrate challenges in recombinant protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Beygmoradi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Roohullah Hemmati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- DREAMS and Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Av. Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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15
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Ianshina T, Sidorin A, Petrova K, Shubert M, Makeeva A, Sambuk E, Govdi A, Rumyantsev A, Padkina M. Effect of Methionine on Gene Expression in Komagataella phaffii Cells. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040877. [PMID: 37110303 PMCID: PMC10143545 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Komagataella phaffii yeast plays a prominent role in modern biotechnology as a recombinant protein producer. For efficient use of this yeast, it is essential to study the effects of different media components on its growth and gene expression. We investigated the effect of methionine on gene expression in K. phaffii cells using RNA-seq analysis. Several gene groups exhibited altered expression when K. phaffii cells were cultured in a medium with methanol and methionine, compared to a medium without this amino acid. Methionine primarily affects the expression of genes involved in its biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and methanol utilization. The AOX1 gene promoter, which is widely used for heterologous expression in K. phaffii, is downregulated in methionine-containing media. Despite great progress in the development of K. phaffii strain engineering techniques, a sensitive adjustment of cultivation conditions is required to achieve a high yield of the target product. The revealed effect of methionine on K. phaffii gene expression is important for optimizing media recipes and cultivation strategies aimed at maximizing the efficiency of recombinant product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Ianshina
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anton Sidorin
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Kristina Petrova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Maria Shubert
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Makeeva
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Elena Sambuk
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Govdi
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), Petergof, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Andrey Rumyantsev
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Marina Padkina
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.P.)
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16
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Loss of a Functional Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier in Komagataella phaffii Does Not Improve Lactic Acid Production from Glycerol in Aerobic Cultivation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020483. [PMID: 36838448 PMCID: PMC9967928 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic pyruvate is an essential metabolite in lactic acid production during microbial fermentation. However, under aerobiosis, pyruvate is transported to the mitochondrial matrix by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) and oxidized in cell respiration. Previous reports using Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Aspergillus oryzae have shown that the production of pyruvate-derived chemicals is improved by deleting the MPC1 gene. A previous lactate-producing K. phaffii strain engineered by our group was used as a host for the deletion of the MPC1 gene. In addition, the expression of a bacterial hemoglobin gene under the alcohol dehydrogenase 2 promoter from Scheffersomyces stipitis, known to work as a hypoxia sensor, was used to evaluate whether aeration would supply enough oxygen to meet the metabolic needs during lactic acid production. However, unlike S. cerevisiae and A. oryzae, the deletion of Mpc1 had no significant impact on lactic acid production but negatively affected cell growth in K. phaffii strains. Furthermore, the relative quantification of the VHb gene revealed that the expression of hemoglobin was detected even in aerobic cultivation, which indicates that the demand for oxygen in the bioreactor could result in functional hypoxia. Overall, the results add to our previously published ones and show that blocking cell respiration using hypoxia is more suitable than deleting Mpc for producing lactic acid in K. phaffii.
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17
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Jiang L, Zhang D, Li Y, Chen W, Shi W, Wu H, Ma Z. Eukaryotic Expression of the Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I of Sitophilus zeamais and Its Interaction with Allyl Isothiocyanate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3497-3507. [PMID: 36757172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a destructive pest of stored grains around the world. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) was shown to have good bioactivity in the control of S. zeamais. In this study, the interaction of AITC on cytochrome c oxidase core subunits I (COX I) and their binding mechanism were determined using spectroscopic, isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular docking techniques. The results indicate the binding constant (Ka) of AITC and COX I was 6.742 × 103 L/mol. Analysis of spectroscopic revealed that the binding of COX I to reduced Cyt c induced conformational changes of reduced Cyt c, while AITC could competitively bind and inhibit the activity of the COX I protein. Moreover, molecular docking results suggested a sulfur atom in the AITC structure could form a hydrogen bond having a length of 3.3 Å with the Gly- 27 of COX I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Weilin Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hua Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
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18
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Gómez-Ramírez IV, Corrales-García LL, Possani LD, Riaño-Umbarila L, Becerril B. Expression in Pichia pastoris of human antibody fragments that neutralize venoms of Mexican scorpions. Toxicon 2023; 223:107012. [PMID: 36592762 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.107012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris has been one of the most widely used organisms in recent years as an expression system for a wide variety of recombinant proteins with therapeutic potential. Its popularity as an alternative system to Escherichia coli is mainly due to the easy genetic manipulation and the ability to produce high levels of heterologous proteins, either intracellularly or extracellularly. Being a eukaryotic organism, P. pastoris carries out post-translational modifications that allow it to produce soluble and correctly folded recombinant proteins. This work, evaluated the expression capacity in P. pastoris of two single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) of human origin, 10FG2 and LR. These scFvs were previously obtained by directed evolution against scorpion venom toxins and are able to neutralize different toxins and venoms of Mexican species. The yield obtained in P. pastoris was higher than that obtained in bacterial periplasm (E. coli), and most importantly, biochemical and functional properties were not modified. These results confirm that P. pastoris yeast can be a good expression system for the production of antibody fragments of a new recombinant antivenom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse V Gómez-Ramírez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico
| | - Ligia Luz Corrales-García
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico; Departamento de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, AA 1226, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Lourival D Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico
| | - Lidia Riaño-Umbarila
- Investigadora por México, CONACyT, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico.
| | - Baltazar Becerril
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico.
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Novel CaLB-like Lipase Found Using ProspectBIO, a Software for Genome-Based Bioprospection. BIOTECH (BASEL (SWITZERLAND)) 2023; 12:biotech12010006. [PMID: 36648832 PMCID: PMC9844320 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes have been highly demanded in diverse applications such as in the food, pharmaceutical, and industrial fuel sectors. Thus, in silico bioprospecting emerges as an efficient strategy for discovering new enzyme candidates. A new program called ProspectBIO was developed for this purpose as it can find non-annotated sequences by searching for homologs of a model enzyme directly in genomes. Here we describe the ProspectBIO software methodology and the experimental validation by prospecting for novel lipases by sequence homology to Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB) and conserved motifs. As expected, we observed that the new bioprospecting software could find more sequences (1672) than a conventional similarity-based search in a protein database (733). Additionally, the absence of patent protection was introduced as a criterion resulting in the final selection of a putative lipase-encoding gene from Ustilago hordei (UhL). Expression of UhL in Pichia pastoris resulted in the production of an enzyme with activity towards a tributyrin substrate. The recombinant enzyme activity levels were 4-fold improved when lowering the temperature and increasing methanol concentrations during the induction phase in shake-flask cultures. Protein sequence alignment and structural modeling showed that the recombinant enzyme has high similarity and capability of adjustment to the structure of CaLB. However, amino acid substitutions identified in the active pocket entrance may be responsible for the differences in the substrate specificities of the two enzymes. Thus, the ProspectBIO software allowed the finding of a new promising lipase for biotechnological application without the need for laborious and expensive conventional bioprospecting experimental steps.
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20
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Schusterbauer V, Fischer JE, Gangl S, Schenzle L, Rinnofner C, Geier M, Sailer C, Glieder A, Thallinger GG. Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis of Effects of CRISPR/Cas9 in Komagataella phaffii: A Budding Yeast in Distress. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8100992. [PMID: 36294556 PMCID: PMC9605565 DOI: 10.3390/jof8100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrially important non-conventional yeast Komagataella phaffii suffers from low rates of homologous recombination, making site specific genetic engineering tedious. Therefore, genome editing using CRISPR/Cas represents a simple and efficient alternative. To characterize on- and off-target mutations caused by CRISPR/Cas9 followed by non-homologous end joining repair, we chose a diverse set of CRISPR/Cas targets and conducted whole genome sequencing on 146 CRISPR/Cas9 engineered single colonies. We compared the outcomes of single target CRISPR transformations to double target experiments. Furthermore, we examined the extent of possible large deletions by targeting a large genomic region, which is likely to be non-essential. The analysis of on-target mutations showed an unexpectedly high number of large deletions and chromosomal rearrangements at the CRISPR target loci. We also observed an increase of on-target structural variants in double target experiments as compared to single target experiments. Targeting of two loci within a putatively non-essential region led to a truncation of chromosome 3 at the target locus in multiple cases, causing the deletion of 20 genes and several ribosomal DNA repeats. The identified de novo off-target mutations were rare and randomly distributed, with no apparent connection to unspecific CRISPR/Cas9 off-target binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Schusterbauer
- bisy GmbH, Wuenschendorf 292, 8200 Hofstaetten, Austria
- Institute of Biomedical Imaging, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Sarah Gangl
- bisy GmbH, Wuenschendorf 292, 8200 Hofstaetten, Austria
| | - Lisa Schenzle
- bisy GmbH, Wuenschendorf 292, 8200 Hofstaetten, Austria
| | | | - Martina Geier
- bisy GmbH, Wuenschendorf 292, 8200 Hofstaetten, Austria
| | - Christian Sailer
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anton Glieder
- bisy GmbH, Wuenschendorf 292, 8200 Hofstaetten, Austria
| | - Gerhard G. Thallinger
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- OMICS Center Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-873-5343
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Engineering and fermenter production of fungi GLA in Pichia pastoris GS115 using oil waste. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:635. [PMID: 36127512 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) is an essential n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that has received considerable attention in human and animal feed. GLA is used in many nutritional and medicinal applications, such as the treatment of cancer, inflammatory disorders, and diabetes. Currently, plant seed is the primary dietary source of GLA that is not enough to utilize on an industrial scale. To generate a sustainable novel source of GLA, the gene of delta-6 desaturase, one of the essential enzymes in the GLA production pathway, was isolated from Mucor rouxii DSM1194 and expressed in P. pastoris GS115 by pPICZC vector. The recombinant yeast expressed the GLA up to 19.2% (72 mg/g) of total fatty acids. GLA production of recombinant yeast was studied in a fermenter by oil waste for 5 days, and results detected 6.3 g/l lipid, and 103 mg/g GLA was produced in 72 h. The present study may provide an opportunity to develop an alternative host for manufacturing GLA on an industrial scale.
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22
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Acar M, Unver Y. Constitutive and extracellular expression of pectin methylesterase from Pectobacterium chrysanthemi in Pichia pastoris. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:219. [PMID: 35965660 PMCID: PMC9365906 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin methylesterase (PME) which is widely used in the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries catalyses the hydrolysis of the methyl ester of pectin to yield methanol and free carboxyl groups. This study was performed to produce active pectin methylesterase (PME) extracellularly from Pectobacterium chrysanthemi in Pichia pastoris. Firstly, pGKBα was constructed for the secretion of heterologous protein. After it was cloned in Escherichia coli cells and the sequence was affirmed, PME gene was inserted into pGKBα. So, pGKBα-PME carried the PME gene in correct position was cloned in E. coli cells. Then, P. pastoris X-33 cells were transformed with linearized pGKBα-PME and six transformants were cultivated for recombinant PME production. It was observed that one of them had a high-capacity secretion of active PME. The molecular mass of extracellular PME enzyme was found to be about 59 kDa. The PME enzyme from P. chrysanthemi was produced by P. pastoris for the first time in this study. This recombinant enzyme might be produced in a large scale and also purified from the culture medium. Then, the purified enzyme might be used for clarification and increasing yield of juice in food industrial applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03291-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Acar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Unver
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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23
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Auto-induction Screening Protocol for Ranking Clonal Libraries of Pichia pastoris MutS Strains. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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24
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Joseph J, Akkermans S, Van Impe JFM. Processing Method for the Quantification of Methanol and Ethanol from Bioreactor Samples Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24121-24133. [PMID: 35874265 PMCID: PMC9301692 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Methanol, a simple polar solvent, has been widely identified as an attractive carbon source to produce chemicals and fuels in bioprocesses. Specifically, to achieve recombinant protein production from methylotrophic yeasts, such as Pichia pastoris, this organic solvent can be used as a sole carbon source for growth and maintenance as well as an inducer for protein expression. However, if methanol feeding is not controlled well in such a fermentation process, accumulation of the solvent in the growth media will have a detrimental effect on the cells. Hence, monitoring the levels of methanol in these fermentation processes is a crucial step to ensure a healthy culture and maximum protein production. There are various techniques elaborated in the literature for monitoring methanol in cell cultures, but often, they appear to be expensive methods that are less affordable for many laboratories. This is because, in addition to the sophisticated equipment that is required for the analysis, the complexity of the samples retrieved from the bioprocesses necessitates laborious processing steps often involving expensive tools. In this study, a fast, simple, and sensitive method is developed to process biological samples by using the salting-out-assisted liquid-liquid extraction technique to quantify the concentration of methanol and ethanol using gas chromatography. On comparing the combinations of widely available salts and solvents, it was noticed that salting out using potassium carbonate followed by the liquid-liquid extraction of the analyte using ethyl acetate showed the best recovery. Followed by this, a validation test for the developed method was performed, which resulted in good peak resolution, linearity, and limit of detection for the quantitation of methanol and ethanol. By further assessing the tested combination, it was confirmed that its application could be extended to other matrices. Such an approach facilitates the possibility to monitor and control the methanol levels in fermentation and aids in bioprocess optimization.
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Gupta J, Kumar A, Surjit M. Production of a Hepatitis E Vaccine Candidate Using the Pichia pastoris Expression System. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2412:117-141. [PMID: 34918244 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is associated with acute hepatitis disease, which may lead to chronic disease in immunocompromised individuals. The disease is particularly severe among pregnant women (20-30% mortality). No vaccine is available to combat the HEV except Hecolin, which is available only in China. Virus-like particle (VLP) generated from the capsid protein (ORF2) of HEV is known to be a potent vaccine antigen against HEV. Hecolin consists of 368-606 amino acid (aa) region of the capsid protein of HEV, which forms a VLP. It is expressed and purified from the inclusion bodies of E. coli. Here, we describe a method to express the 112-608aa region of the capsid protein (ORF2) of genotype-1 HEV in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) and purify VLPs from the culture medium. 112-608aa ORF2 VLPs are secreted into the culture medium in a methanol inducible manner. The purified VLPs are glycosylated and induce robust immune response in Balb/c mice. Further, 112-608aa ORF2 VLPs are bigger than the 368-606 VLP present in Hecolin, which may help them in inducing a superior immune response. P. pastoris offers a robust and economical heterologous expression system to produce large quantities of glycosylated 112-608aa ORF2 VLP, which appears to be a promising vaccine candidate against the HEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gupta
- Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Milan Surjit
- Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
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26
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Rivera-de-Torre E, Rimbault C, Jenkins TP, Sørensen CV, Damsbo A, Saez NJ, Duhoo Y, Hackney CM, Ellgaard L, Laustsen AH. Strategies for Heterologous Expression, Synthesis, and Purification of Animal Venom Toxins. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:811905. [PMID: 35127675 PMCID: PMC8811309 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.811905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal venoms are complex mixtures containing peptides and proteins known as toxins, which are responsible for the deleterious effect of envenomations. Across the animal Kingdom, toxin diversity is enormous, and the ability to understand the biochemical mechanisms governing toxicity is not only relevant for the development of better envenomation therapies, but also for exploiting toxin bioactivities for therapeutic or biotechnological purposes. Most of toxinology research has relied on obtaining the toxins from crude venoms; however, some toxins are difficult to obtain because the venomous animal is endangered, does not thrive in captivity, produces only a small amount of venom, is difficult to milk, or only produces low amounts of the toxin of interest. Heterologous expression of toxins enables the production of sufficient amounts to unlock the biotechnological potential of these bioactive proteins. Moreover, heterologous expression ensures homogeneity, avoids cross-contamination with other venom components, and circumvents the use of crude venom. Heterologous expression is also not only restricted to natural toxins, but allows for the design of toxins with special properties or can take advantage of the increasing amount of transcriptomics and genomics data, enabling the expression of dormant toxin genes. The main challenge when producing toxins is obtaining properly folded proteins with a correct disulfide pattern that ensures the activity of the toxin of interest. This review presents the strategies that can be used to express toxins in bacteria, yeast, insect cells, or mammalian cells, as well as synthetic approaches that do not involve cells, such as cell-free biosynthesis and peptide synthesis. This is accompanied by an overview of the main advantages and drawbacks of these different systems for producing toxins, as well as a discussion of the biosafety considerations that need to be made when working with highly bioactive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Rivera-de-Torre
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Esperanza Rivera-de-Torre, ; Andreas H. Laustsen,
| | - Charlotte Rimbault
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Timothy P. Jenkins
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christoffer V. Sørensen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna Damsbo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Natalie J. Saez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Yoan Duhoo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Celeste Menuet Hackney
- Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Ellgaard
- Department of Biology, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas H. Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Esperanza Rivera-de-Torre, ; Andreas H. Laustsen,
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Xu H, Shi M, Shao C, Li H, Wu J, Yu Y, Fang F, Guo Y, Xiao W. Development of IL-15/IL-15Rα sushi domain-IgG4 Fc complexes in Pichia pastoris with potent activities and prolonged half-lives. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:115. [PMID: 34107983 PMCID: PMC8190845 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a critical cytokine for the development, proliferation, and function of natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, and CD8+ memory T cells and has become one of the most promising protein molecules for the treatment of cancer and viral diseases. However, there are several limitations in applying IL-15 in therapy, such as its low yield in vitro, limited potency, and short half-life in vivo. To date, there are several recombinant IL-15 agonists based on configurational modifications that are being pursued in the treatment of cancer, such as ALT-803, which are mainly produced from mammalian cells. RESULTS In this study, we designed two different forms of the IL-15 complex, which were formed by the noncovalent assembly of IL-15 with dimeric or monomeric sushi domain of IL-15 receptor α (SuIL-15Rα)-IgG4 Fc fusion protein and designated IL-15/SuIL-15Rα-dFc and IL-15/SuIL-15Rα-mFc, respectively. The two IL-15 complexes were expressed in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris), and their activities and half-lives were evaluated and compared. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that IL-15/SuIL-15Rα-dFc had a half-life of 14.26 h while IL-15/SuIL-15Rα-mFc had a half-life of 9.16 h in mice, which were much longer than the 0.7-h half-life of commercial recombinant human IL-15 (rhIL-15). Treatment of mice with intravenous injection of the two IL-15 complexes resulted in significant increases in NK cells, NKT cells, and memory CD8+ T cells, which were not observed after rhIL-15 treatment. Treatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors with the two IL-15 complexes yielded enhanced NK and CD8+ T cell activation and proliferation, which was comparable to the effect of rhIL-15. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the IL-15/SuIL-15Rα-dFc and IL-15/SuIL-15Rα-mFc produced in P. pastoris exhibit potent activities and prolonged half-lives and may serve as superagonists for immunotherapy in further research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Mingyang Shi
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Changsheng Shao
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Yin Yu
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Yugang Guo
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China. .,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China. .,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China. .,Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China. .,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China. .,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China. .,Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
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28
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Caballero-Pérez A, Viader-Salvadó JM, Herrera-Estala AL, Fuentes-Garibay JA, Guerrero-Olazarán M. Buried Kex2 Sites in Glargine Precursor Aggregates Prevent Its Intracellular Processing in Pichia pastoris Mut s Strains and the Effect of Methanol-Feeding Strategy and Induction Temperature on Glargine Precursor Production Parameters. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2806-2829. [PMID: 33931817 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glargine is a long-acting insulin analog with less hypoglycemia risk. Like human insulin, glargine is a globular protein composed of two polypeptide chains linked by two disulfide bonds. Pichia pastoris KM71 Muts strains were engineered to produce and secrete insulin glargine through the cleavage of two Kex2 sites. Nevertheless, the recombinant product was the single-chain insulin glargine (glargine precursor) instead of the expected double-chain glargine. Molecular model analysis of the dimeric and hexameric forms of the single-chain glargine showed buried Kex2 sites that prevent intracellular glargine precursor processing. The effect of the methanol-feeding strategy (methanol limited fed-batch vs. methanol non-limited fed-batch) and the induction temperature (28 °C vs. 24 °C) on the cell growth and production parameters in bioreactor cultures was also evaluated. Exponential growth at a constant specific growth rate was observed in all the cultures. The volumetric productivities and specific substrate consumption rates were directly proportional to the specific growth rate. The lower temperature led to increased metabolic activity of the yeast cells, which increased the specific growth rate. The methanol non-limited fed-batch culture at 24 °C showed the highest values for the process parameters. After 75 h of induction, 0.122 g/L of glargine precursor was obtained from the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Caballero-Pérez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L, Mexico
| | - José María Viader-Salvadó
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L, Mexico
| | - Ana Lucía Herrera-Estala
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Fuentes-Garibay
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L, Mexico
| | - Martha Guerrero-Olazarán
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L, Mexico.
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29
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Pekarsky A, Mihalyi S, Weiss M, Limbeck A, Spadiut O. Depletion of Boric Acid and Cobalt from Cultivation Media: Impact on Recombinant Protein Production with Komagataella phaffii. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7040161. [PMID: 33322107 PMCID: PMC7763993 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The REACH regulation stands for “Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals” and defines certain substances as harmful to human health and the environment. This urges manufacturers to adapt production processes. Boric acid and cobalt dichloride represent such harmful ingredients, but are commonly used in yeast cultivation media. The yeast Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) is an important host for heterologous protein production and compliance with the REACH regulation is desirable. Boric acid and cobalt dichloride are used as boron and cobalt sources, respectively. Boron and cobalt support growth and productivity and a number of cobalt-containing enzymes exist. Therefore, depletion of boric acid and cobalt dichloride could have various negative effects, but knowledge is currently scarce. Herein, we provide an insight into the impact of boric acid and cobalt depletion on recombinant protein production with K. phaffii and additionally show how different vessel materials affect cultivation media compositions through leaking elements. We found that boric acid could be substituted through boron leakiness from borosilicate glassware. Furthermore, depletion of boric acid and cobalt dichloride neither affected high cell density cultivation nor cell morphology and viability on methanol. However, final protein quality of three different industrially relevant enzymes was affected in various ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pekarsky
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (A.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sophia Mihalyi
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (A.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Maximilian Weiss
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164-I2AC, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164-I2AC, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (A.P.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-58801-166473
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30
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Yuan M, Ning C, Yang S, Liang Q, Mou H, Liu Z. A New Cold-Active Glucose Oxidase From Penicillium: High-Level Expression and Application in Fish Preservation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:606007. [PMID: 33329498 PMCID: PMC7719636 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.606007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose oxidase (GOx) with high enzyme activity at low temperature (4°C) is potentially useful for food preservation, especially for aquatic products preservation. A cold-active GOx with approximately 83% similarity to known protein sequences, was isolated from Penicillium sp. MX3343 and expressed in Pichia pastoris X33. Through high cell density fermentation, the yield of recombinant enzyme (named GOxP5) reached 458.6 U/mL. GOxP5 showed optimal activity at 30°C and pH 5.5, and was stable at a broad pH range from pH 2-6. Moreover, GOxP5 could maintain 72% maximum activity at 4°C, suggesting its application for the preservation of aquatic products at low-temperatures. Importantly, GOxP5 showed a good antimicrobial effect against common fish pathogenic bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes and Vibrio parahaemolyticus). Moreover, sensory, microbiological (total bacterial count), and physicochemical (total volatile basic nitrogen and pH) systematic analyses proved GOxP5 to be an excellent freshness preserving agent in the context of the grass carp. These favorable enzymatic properties of GOxP5 make it potentially useful in food biopreservation, and the effect was better compared to the commonly used chemical preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhemin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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31
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Mombeni M, Arjmand S, Siadat SOR, Alizadeh H, Abbasi A. pMOX: a new powerful promoter for recombinant protein production in yeast Pichia pastoris. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 139:109582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Yang Y, Liu G, Chen X, Liu M, Zhan C, Liu X, Bai Z. High efficiency CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system with an eliminable episomal sgRNA plasmid in Pichia pastoris. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 138:109556. [PMID: 32527526 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pichia pastoris is a methylotrophic yeast in which host heterologous expression of proteins has been developed owing to the strong inducible alcohol oxidase promoter (PAOX1). However, it is difficult to manipulate the genome in P. pastoris. Based on previous attempts to apply the CRISPR/Cas9 system in P. pastoris, a CRISPR/Cas9 system with episomal sgRNA plasmid was developed and 100 % genome editing efficiency, high multicopy gene editing and stable multigene editing were obtained without a sharp decline caused by multi-sgRNA. And 28/34 (∼82 %) sgRNAs tested were effective. The CGG may have a slightly higher and more stable cleavage efficiency than the other three NGG motifs, and a low GC content may be preferable for higher cleavage efficiency. This provides researchers with a stable genome editing tool that shows a high editing efficiency, shortening the experimentation period. Furthermore, we introduced dCas9 into P. pastoris and achieved target gene interference, expanding the CRISPR/Cas9 toolbox in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Meng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chunjun Zhan
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Lima GM, Effer B, Biasoto HP, Feijoli V, Pessoa A, Palmisano G, Monteiro G. Glycosylation of L-asparaginase from E. coli through yeast expression and site-directed mutagenesis. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Duman ZE, Duraksoy BB, Aktaş F, Woodley JM, Binay B. High-level heterologous expression of active Chaetomium thermophilum FDH in Pichia pastoris. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 137:109552. [PMID: 32423672 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of formate dehydrogenase (FDH, EC 1.17.1.9) is well established as a means of NADH regeneration from NAD+ via the coupled conversion of formate into carbon dioxide. Recent studies have been reported that specifically Chaetomium thermophilum FDH (CtFDH) is the most efficient FDH catalyzing this reaction in reverse (i.e. using CO2 as a substrate to produce formate, and thereby regenerating NAD+). However, to date the production of active CtFDH at high protein expression levels has received relatively little attention. In this study, we have tested the effect of batch and high cell density fermentation (HCDF) strategies in a small stirred fermenter, as well as the effect of supplementing the medium with casamino acids, on the expressed level of secreted CtFDH using P. pastoris. We have established that the amount of expressed CtFDH was indeed enhanced via a HCDF strategy and that extracellular protease activity was eliminated via the addition of casamino acids into the fermentation medium. On this basis, secreted CtFDH in an active form can be easily separated from the fermentation and can be used for subsequent biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Efsun Duman
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey; Enzyme Consultancy and Identification Center (ETDAM), Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Bedri Burak Duraksoy
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey; Enzyme Consultancy and Identification Center (ETDAM), Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Fatih Aktaş
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Turkey
| | - John M Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Barış Binay
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey; Enzyme Consultancy and Identification Center (ETDAM), Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Karbalaei M, Rezaee SA, Farsiani H. Pichia pastoris: A highly successful expression system for optimal synthesis of heterologous proteins. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5867-5881. [PMID: 32057111 PMCID: PMC7228273 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important branches of genetic engineering is the expression of recombinant proteins using biological expression systems. Nowadays, different expression systems are used for the production of recombinant proteins including bacteria, yeasts, molds, mammals, plants, and insects. Yeast expression systems such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) and Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) are more popular. P. pastoris expression system is one of the most popular and standard tools for the production of recombinant protein in molecular biology. Overall, the benefits of protein production by P. pastoris system include appropriate folding (in the endoplasmic reticulum) and secretion (by Kex2 as signal peptidase) of recombinant proteins to the external environment of the cell. Moreover, in the P. pastoris expression system due to its limited production of endogenous secretory proteins, the purification of recombinant protein is easy. It is also considered a unique host for the expression of subunit vaccines which could significantly affect the growing market of medical biotechnology. Although P. pastoris expression systems are impressive and easy to use with well‐defined process protocols, some degree of process optimization is required to achieve maximum production of the target proteins. Methanol and sorbitol concentration, Mut forms, temperature and incubation time have to be adjusted to obtain optimal conditions, which might vary among different strains and externally expressed protein. Eventually, optimal conditions for the production of a recombinant protein in P. pastoris expression system differ according to the target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Seyed A Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Centre, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Farsiani
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad, Iran
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36
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Zhang M. Recent developments of methyl-labeling strategies in Pichia pastoris for NMR spectroscopy. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 166:105521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Assessment of the Use of Natural Extracted Dyes and Pancreatin Enzyme for Dyeing of Four Natural Textiles: HPLC Analysis of Phytochemicals. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, four natural textiles (cotton, linen, wool, and silk) were dyed with 14 naturally extracted dyes, and pancreatin enzyme was used in the dyeing process. The effects of pancreatin enzyme and its buffer on naturally dyed textile samples were evaluated. Two concentrations of pancreatin enzyme and buffer were used as pretreatments for dyed textiles. Proteinic fabrics showed the highest relative color strength (RCS) values of 137.23% and 132.2% when the pancreatin enzyme was applied on wool and silk dyed with pomegranate skin and bloodroot at concentrations A and B, respectively. Linen fiber dyed with catechu tree showed the highest total color difference (TCD) values with buffer (6.83) and pancreatin enzyme A (5.7) and B (6.3). This shows that there were no side effects of the pancreatin enzyme on the studied dyed textiles. By high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, the root extract from madder showed the presence of salicylic acid (1758.91 mg/kg extract), quercetin (844.23 mg/kg extract), ellagic acid (784.86 mg/kg extract) and benzoic acid (582.68 mg/kg extract) as main compounds. In cochineal extract the main compounds were rutin (37.732 mg/kg extract), kampherol (1915.98 mg/kg extract), myricetin (809.97 mg/kg extract), quercetin (496.76 mg/kg extract) and salicylic acid (193.87 mg/kg extract).
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Nurul Furqan BR, Akhmaloka. Heterologous expression and characterization of thermostable lipase (Lk1) in Pichia pastoris GS115. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Brito e Cunha D, Bartkevihi L, Robert J, Cipolatti E, Ferreira A, Oliveira D, Gomes-Neto F, Almeida R, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Freire D, Anobom C. Structural differences of commercial and recombinant lipase B from Candida antarctica: An important implication on enzymes thermostability. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:761-770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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40
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Sun X, Liu H, Wang P, Wang L, Ni W, Yang Q, Wang H, Tang H, Zhao G, Zheng Z. Construction of a novel MK-4 biosynthetic pathway in Pichia pastoris through heterologous expression of HsUBIAD1. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:169. [PMID: 31601211 PMCID: PMC6786277 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With a variety of physiological and pharmacological functions, menaquinone is an essential prenylated product that can be endogenously converted from phylloquinone (VK1) or menadione (VK3) via the expression of Homo sapiens UBIAD1 (HsUBIAD1). The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is an attractive expression system that has been successfully applied to the efficient expression of heterologous proteins. However, the menaquinone biosynthetic pathway has not been discovered in P. pastoris. Results Firstly, we constructed a novel synthetic pathway in P. pastoris for the production of menaquinone-4 (MK-4) via heterologous expression of HsUBIAD1. Then, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase constitutive promoter (PGAP) appeared to be mostsuitable for the expression of HsUBIAD1 for various reasons. By optimizing the expression conditions of HsUBIAD1, its yield increased by 4.37 times after incubation at pH 7.0 and 24 °C for 36 h, when compared with that under the initial conditions. We found HsUBIAD1 expressed in recombinant GGU-23 has the ability to catalyze the biosynthesis of MK-4 when using VK1 and VK3 as the isopentenyl acceptor. In addition, we constructed a ribosomal DNA (rDNA)-mediated multi-copy expression vector for the fusion expression of SaGGPPS and PpIDI, and the recombinant GGU-GrIG afforded higher MK-4 production, so that it was selected as the high-yield strain. Finally, the yield of MK-4 was maximized at 0.24 mg/g DCW by improving the GGPP supply when VK3 was the isopentenyl acceptor. Conclusions In this study, we constructed a novel synthetic pathway in P. pastoris for the biosynthesis of the high value-added prenylated product MK-4 through heterologous expression of HsUBIAD1 and strengthened accumulation of GGPP. This approach could be further developed and accomplished for the biosynthesis of other prenylated products, which has great significance for theoretical research and industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Ni
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengfang Tang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Genhai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Pudney A, Gandini C, Economou CK, Smith R, Goddard P, Napier JA, Spicer A, Sayanova O. Multifunctionalizing the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum for sustainable co-production of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and recombinant phytase. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11444. [PMID: 31391507 PMCID: PMC6686013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47875-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent requirement for sustainable sources of food and feed due to world population growth. Aquaculture relies heavily on the fish meal and fish oils derived from capture fisheries, challenging sustainability of the production system. Furthermore, substitution of fish oil with vegetable oil and fish meal with plant seed meals in aquaculture feeds reduces the levels of valuable omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, and lowers the nutritional value due to the presence of phytate. Addition of exogenous phytase to fish feed is beneficial for enhancing animal health and reducing phosphorus pollution. We have engineered the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, accumulating high levels of EPA and DHA together with recombinant proteins: the fungal Aspergillus niger PhyA or the bacterial Escherichia coli AppA phytases. The removal of the N-terminal signal peptide further increased phytase activity. Strains engineered with fcpA and CIP1 promoters showed the highest level of phytase activity. The best engineered strain achieved up to 40,000 phytase activity units (FTU) per gram of soluble protein, thus demonstrating the feasibility of development of multifunctionalized microalgae to simultaneously produce industrially useful proteins and fatty acids to meet the demand of intensive fish farming activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pudney
- Algenuity, Eden Laboratory, Broadmead Road, Stewartby, BEDS MK43 9ND, UK
| | - Chiara Gandini
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Chloe K Economou
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Richard Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Paul Goddard
- Amalga Technologies Ltd, 80 Park Road, Hampton Wick, Kingston on Thames, Surrey, KT14AY, UK
| | - Johnathan A Napier
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Andrew Spicer
- Algenuity, Eden Laboratory, Broadmead Road, Stewartby, BEDS MK43 9ND, UK
| | - Olga Sayanova
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK.
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Baghban R, Farajnia S, Rajabibazl M, Ghasemi Y, Mafi A, Hoseinpoor R, Rahbarnia L, Aria M. Yeast Expression Systems: Overview and Recent Advances. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:365-384. [PMID: 30805909 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts are outstanding hosts for the production of functional recombinant proteins with industrial or medical applications. Great attention has been emerged on yeast due to the inherent advantages and new developments in this host cell. For the production of each specific product, the most appropriate expression system should be identified and optimized both on the genetic and fermentation levels, considering the features of the host, vector and expression strategies. Currently, several new systems are commercially available; some of them are private and need licensing. The potential for secretory expression of heterologous proteins in yeast proposed this system as a candidate for the production of complex eukaryotic proteins. The common yeast expression hosts used for recombinant proteins' expression include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, Hansenula polymorpha, Yarrowia lipolytica, Arxula adeninivorans, Kluyveromyces lactis, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This review is dedicated to discuss on significant characteristics of the most common methylotrophic and non-methylotrophic yeast expression systems with an emphasis on their advantages and new developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayyeh Baghban
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Ave, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Ave, Tabriz, Iran. .,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Arabi Ave, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - AmirAli Mafi
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Hoseinpoor
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Rahbarnia
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Aria
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Ave, Tabriz, Iran
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Tian Y, Li Y, Zhao F, Meng C. Engineered Pichia pastoris production of fusaruside, a selective immunomodulator. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:37. [PMID: 31208387 PMCID: PMC6580515 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD Fusaruside is an immunomodulatory fungal sphingolipid which has medical potentials for treating colitis and liver injury, but its poor natural abundance limits its further study. RESULTS In this study, we described a synthetic biology approach for fusaruside production by engineered Pichia pastoris that was based on polycistronic expression. Two fusaruside biosynthesis genes (Δ3(E)-sd and Δ10(E)-sd), were introduced into P. pastoris to obtain fusaruside producing strain FUS2. To further enhance the yield of fusaruside, three relevant biosynthetic genes (Δ3(E)-sd, Δ10(E)-sd and gcs) were subsequently introduced into P. pastoris to obtain FUS3. All of the biosynthetic genes were successfully co-expressed in FUS2 and FUS3. Compared to that produced by FUS2, fusaruside achieved from FUS3 were slightly increased. In addition, the culture conditions including pH, temperature and methanol concentration were optimized to improve the fusaruside production level. CONCLUSIONS Here a novel P. pastoris fusaruside production system was developed by introducing the biosynthetic genes linked by 2A peptide gene sequences into a polycistronic expression construct, laying a foundation for further development and application of fusaruside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- College of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China.
| | - Yanling Li
- College of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Fengchun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory for Agriculture Microbiology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Chao Meng
- College of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China
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Increase of Candida antarctica lipase B production under PGK promoter in Pichia pastoris: effect of multicopies. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:405-413. [PMID: 30827000 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of gene dosage on the production of Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) in the methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii, at high densities in a simple medium containing crude glycerin as the sole carbon source, is described. The use of crude glycerin, the main by-product of biodiesel production from vegetable oils, will reduce the production cost of the bioprocess. Two K. phaffii strains were constructed with one or three copies of LipB, an optimized version of the gene encoding CalB under the control of the constitutive PPGK1 promoter. These two constructs were tested and compared on batches using minimal-salts medium with crude glycerin. The strain with three copies achieved a higher enzyme yield (48,760 U/L, 2.3-fold higher than the one-copy strain), with 42 g/L biomass, with no effects on growth.
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45
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Enhancing the efficiency of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen production in Pichia pastoris by employing continuous fermentation. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Efficient Heterologous Production of Rhizopus oryzae Lipase via Optimization of Multiple Expression-Related Helper Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113372. [PMID: 30373304 PMCID: PMC6274836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is dedicated to efficiently produce Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) by optimizing the expression of multiple expression-related helper proteins in Pichia pastoris. A series of engineered strains harboring different copy numbers of the ROL gene and different copies of the chaperone Pdi gene were first constructed to examine the influence of Pdi gene copy number on ROL production. The results showed that multiple copies of Pdi gene did not significantly improve ROL expression. Then, the effect of the co-overexpression of 10 expression-related helper proteins on ROL secretion was investigated by screening 20 colonies of each transformants. The data from shaking-flask fermentation suggested that Ssa4, Bmh2, Sso2, Pdi, Bip, Hac1, and VHb had positive effects on ROL expression. Subsequently, Ssa4, Bmh2, and Sso2, which all participate in vesicular trafficking and strongly promote ROL expression, were combined to further improve ROL production level. ROL activity of the screened strain GS115/5ROL-Ssa4-Sso2-Bmh2 4# attained 5230 U/mL. Furthermore, when the helper proteins Pdi, Bip, Hac1, and VHb were individually co-expressed with ROL in the strain GS115/5ROL-Ssa4-Sso2-Bmh2 4#, lipase activity increased to 5650 U/mL in the strain GS115/5ROL-Ssa4-Sso2-Bmh2-VHb 9#. Additionally, the maximum ROL activity of 41,700 U/mL was achieved in a 3 L bioreactor for high-density fermentation via a sorbitol–methanol co-feeding strategy, reaching almost twofold the value of the initial strain GS115/pAOα-5ROL 11#. Thus, the strategies in this study significantly increased ROL expression level, which is of great potential for the large-scale production of ROL in P. pastoris.
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Belyad F, Karkhanei AA, Raheb J. Expression, characterization and one step purification of heterologous glucose oxidase gene from Aspergillus niger ATCC 9029 in Pichia pastoris. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2018; 19:1-5. [PMID: 30197862 PMCID: PMC6126455 DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucose Oxidase (GOD), is a common flavoprotein from Aspergillus niger ATCC 9029 with a broad application in biotechnology, food and medical industries. In this study, GOD gene was cloned into the expression vector, pPIC9 and screened by the alcohol oxidase promoter. The enzyme production increased at 28 °C. GOD activity induced by 1.0% methanol and the highest level of GOD production was the result of shaking rate at 225 rpm. The highest enzyme activity obtained at a pH value ranged from 5 to 7 at 50 °C. The enzyme was stable at a broad pH range and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhry Belyad
- Molecular Medicine Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Karkhanei
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamshid Raheb
- Molecular Medicine Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author at: Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (Nigeb), Shahrak-e Pajoohesh, km 15, Tehran – Karaj Highway, P.O. Box 14965/161, Tehran, Iran.
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Expression, purification and biological activity of monomeric insulin precursors from methylotrophic yeasts. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 153:35-43. [PMID: 30098414 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeasts Pichia pastoris and Hansenula polymorpha have been used for the production of recombinant monomeric insulin precursor (MIP). Recombinant plasmids with one, two and four cassettes of the MIP gene have been successfully constructed in the pPICZαA expression vector to study the effects of gene copy number on MIP production. The MIP protein can be detected by dot-blot analysis from the culture broth of P. pastoris KM71H 24 h after placement in MMH induction medium. The secretion levels of MIP protein in culture broth at 72 h after induction indicated that P. pastoris KM71H with one cassette of the MIP gene had highest MIP protein levels (4.19 ± 0.96 mg L-1). The transcription levels of the MIP gene increased proportionately with copy number. However, the amount of secreted MIP protein showed no correlation. The MIP molecular mass was 5756.951 Da, as confirmed by typical MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The MIP protein in culture broth was purified by two steps purification including SP Sepharose Fast Flow chromatography followed by ultrafiltration (10 kDa MW cutoff). The percentage of MIP recovery after the two-step purification was 70%, with a single band in a native-PAGE. The biological activity of tryptic hydrolyzed MIP was determined via the expression of the glucose transporter 4 gene (GLUT4) in H9c2 (2-1) cell line by RT-qPCR, and the results demonstrated that the MIP protein can induce glucose uptake and upregulation of GLUT4 mRNA transcription at 3 h and that this activity was related to Humalog® insulin.
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Suzuki R, Sakakura M, Mori M, Fujii M, Akashi S, Takahashi H. Methyl-selective isotope labeling using α-ketoisovalerate for the yeast Pichia pastoris recombinant protein expression system. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2018; 71:213-223. [PMID: 29869771 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-018-0192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Methyl-detected NMR spectroscopy is a useful tool for investigating the structures and interactions of large macromolecules such as membrane proteins. The procedures for preparation of methyl-specific isotopically-labeled proteins were established for the Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression system, but typically it is not feasible to express eukaryotic proteins using E. coli. The Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) expression system is the most common yeast expression system, and is known to be superior to the E. coli system for the expression of mammalian proteins, including secretory and membrane proteins. However, this system has not yet been optimized for methyl-specific isotope labeling, especially for Val/Leu-methyl specific isotope incorporation. To overcome this difficulty, we explored various culture conditions for the yeast cells to efficiently uptake Val/Leu precursors. Among the searched conditions, we found that the cultivation pH has a critical effect on Val/Leu precursor uptake. At an acidic cultivation pH, the uptake of the Val/Leu precursor was increased, and methyl groups of Val and Leu in the synthesized recombinant protein yielded intense 1H-13C correlation signals. Based on these results, we present optimized protocols for the Val/Leu-methyl-selective 13C incorporation by the P. pastoris expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Sakakura
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Moe Fujii
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Satoko Akashi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hideo Takahashi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
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50
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Vieira Gomes AM, Souza Carmo T, Silva Carvalho L, Mendonça Bahia F, Parachin NS. Comparison of Yeasts as Hosts for Recombinant Protein Production. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6020038. [PMID: 29710826 PMCID: PMC6027275 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein production emerged in the early 1980s with the development of genetic engineering tools, which represented a compelling alternative to protein extraction from natural sources. Over the years, a high level of heterologous protein was made possible in a variety of hosts ranging from the bacteria Escherichia coli to mammalian cells. Recombinant protein importance is represented by its market size, which reached $1654 million in 2016 and is expected to reach $2850.5 million by 2022. Among the available hosts, yeasts have been used for producing a great variety of proteins applied to chemicals, fuels, food, and pharmaceuticals, being one of the most used hosts for recombinant production nowadays. Historically, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the dominant yeast host for heterologous protein production. Lately, other yeasts such as Komagataella sp., Kluyveromyces lactis, and Yarrowia lipolytica have emerged as advantageous hosts. In this review, a comparative analysis is done listing the advantages and disadvantages of using each host regarding the availability of genetic tools, strategies for cultivation in bioreactors, and the main techniques utilized for protein purification. Finally, examples of each host will be discussed regarding the total amount of protein recovered and its bioactivity due to correct folding and glycosylation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Milton Vieira Gomes
- Grupo Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K 1º andar, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.790-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | - Talita Souza Carmo
- Grupo Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K 1º andar, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.790-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Silva Carvalho
- Grupo Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K 1º andar, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.790-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | - Frederico Mendonça Bahia
- Grupo Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K 1º andar, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.790-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | - Nádia Skorupa Parachin
- Grupo Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K 1º andar, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.790-900 Brasília-DF, Brazil.
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