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Semmler F, Regis Belisário-Ferrari M, Kulosa M, Kaysser L. The Metabolic Potential of the Human Lung Microbiome. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1448. [PMID: 39065215 PMCID: PMC11278768 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The human lung microbiome remains largely underexplored, despite its potential implications in the pharmacokinetics of inhaled drugs and its involvement in lung diseases. Interactions within these bacterial communities and with the host are complex processes which often involve microbial small molecules. In this study, we employed a computational approach to describe the metabolic potential of the human lung microbiome. By utilizing antiSMASH and BiG-SCAPE software, we identified 1831 biosynthetic gene clusters for the production of specialized metabolites in a carefully compiled genome database of lung-associated bacteria and fungi. It was shown that RiPPs represent the largest class of natural products within the bacteriome, while NRPs constitute the largest class of natural products in the lung mycobiome. All predicted BGCs were further categorized into 767 gene cluster families, and a subsequent network analysis highlighted that these families are widely distributed and contain many uncharacterized members. Moreover, in-depth annotation allowed the assignment of certain gene clusters to putative lung-specific functions within the microbiome, such as osmoadaptation or surfactant synthesis. This study establishes the lung microbiome as a prolific source for secondary metabolites and lays the groundwork for detailed investigation of this unique environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leonard Kaysser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Leipzig, 04317 Leipzig, Germany; (F.S.); (M.R.B.-F.); (M.K.)
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2
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Kortei NK, Gillette VS, Wiafe-Kwagyan M, Ansah LO, Kyei-Baffour V, Odamtten GT. Fungal profile, levels of aflatoxin M1, exposure, and the risk characterization of local cheese ' wagashi' consumed in the Ho Municipality, Volta Region, Ghana. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:186-199. [PMID: 38313814 PMCID: PMC10837644 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Wagashi is a West African type cottage cheese locally prepared from cow milk. Wagashi like other milk products, is prone to microbial contamination, particularly by fungi. Many of these fungal species produce mycotoxins which are of serious public health concern. This work aimed to update the mycoflora profile and determine the concentrations of aflatoxin M1 and its health risk characterization due to the consumption of wagashi. Culturing the wagashi on mycological media (Oxytetracycline Glucose Yeast Extract OGYE, Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol DRBC) caused a de-novo growth of the quiescent spores at 28-30 °C for 5-7 days. The analysis of AFM1 levels in the samples was done using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography connected to a Fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). The exposure and risk assessment to the AFMI levels were determined using deterministic models prescribed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The fungal counts ranged between 2.36-4.30 log10 CFU/g. In total, thirteen (13) fungal species from eight (8) genera were isolated from all wagashi samples. They are; Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium verticillioides, Penicillium digitatum, Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus terreus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus fumigatus, Yeast sp., Mucor racemosus and Fusarium oligosporum belonging to the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Rhodotorula, Rhizopus, Yeast, and Mucor. The AFM1 observed in the wagashi samples' analysis was low, ranging from 0.00 (Not Detected) ± 0.00 - 0.06 ± 0.002 µg/Kg. Risk assessments of AFM1 using deterministic models produced outcomes that ranged between 5.92 × 10-3- 0.14 ng/kg bw/day, 1.42 -44.35, 0-0.0323 ng aflatoxins/kg bw/day, and 1.51 × 10-3 - 9.69 × 10-4 cases/100,000 person/yr for estimated daily intake (EDI), margin of exposure (MOE), average potency, and cancer risks, respectively, for the age categories investigated. Fungal counts were interpreted as medium to high. It was also established that the consumption of wagashi may pose adverse health effects on all age categories in the selected zones of the study since all calculated MOE values were less than 100,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nii Korley Kortei
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Sports Nutrition, School of Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Valentina Sylvia Gillette
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Michael Wiafe-Kwagyan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 55, Legon, Ghana
| | - Leslie Owusu Ansah
- Department of Food Laboratory, Food and Drugs Authority, P.O. Box CT 2783, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana
| | - Vincent Kyei-Baffour
- Food Chemistry and Nutrition Research Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Food Research Institute, P. O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana
| | - George Tawia Odamtten
- Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 55, Legon, Ghana
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3
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Jia X, Song J, Wu Y, Feng S, Sun Z, Hu Y, Yu M, Han R, Zeng B. Strategies for the Enhancement of Secondary Metabolite Production via Biosynthesis Gene Cluster Regulation in Aspergillus oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:312. [PMID: 38786667 PMCID: PMC11121810 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) has been extensively used for the biosynthesis of numerous secondary metabolites with significant applications in agriculture and food and medical industries, among others. However, the identification and functional prediction of metabolites through genome mining in A. oryzae are hindered by the complex regulatory mechanisms of secondary metabolite biosynthesis and the inactivity of most of the biosynthetic gene clusters involved. The global regulatory factors, pathway-specific regulatory factors, epigenetics, and environmental signals significantly impact the production of secondary metabolites, indicating that appropriate gene-level modulations are expected to promote the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in A. oryzae. This review mainly focuses on illuminating the molecular regulatory mechanisms for the activation of potentially unexpressed pathways, possibly revealing the effects of transcriptional, epigenetic, and environmental signal regulation. By gaining a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, strategies can be developed to enhance the production and utilization of these metabolites, and potential functions can be fully exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (X.J.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (Z.S.); (Y.H.); (M.Y.); (R.H.)
- College of Materials and Energy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jiayi Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (X.J.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (Z.S.); (Y.H.); (M.Y.); (R.H.)
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yijian Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (X.J.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (Z.S.); (Y.H.); (M.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Sai Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (X.J.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (Z.S.); (Y.H.); (M.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Zeao Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (X.J.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (Z.S.); (Y.H.); (M.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Yan Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (X.J.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (Z.S.); (Y.H.); (M.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Mengxue Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (X.J.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (Z.S.); (Y.H.); (M.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Rui Han
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (X.J.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (Z.S.); (Y.H.); (M.Y.); (R.H.)
| | - Bin Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (X.J.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (S.F.); (Z.S.); (Y.H.); (M.Y.); (R.H.)
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Li A, Feng X, Yang G, Peng X, Du M, Song J, Kan J. Impact of aroma-enhancing microorganisms on aroma attributes of industrial Douchi: An integrated analysis using E-nose, GC-IMS, GC-MS, and descriptive sensory evaluation. Food Res Int 2024; 182:114181. [PMID: 38519190 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In order to enhance the aromatic profile of industrial Douchi, a comprehensive investigation was undertaken to assess the impact of aroma-enhancing microorganisms on the sensory attributes of Douchi. This evaluation utilized a combination of analytical techniques, including electronic nose analysis, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and descriptive sensory analysis (DA). Both GC-IMS and GC-MS revealed significant changes in the volatile composition of Douchi following the addition of aroma-enhancing microorganisms (p < 0.05). Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) identified benzaldehyde, benzene acetaldehyde, 3-octanone, and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate as significant differentiating volatile compounds. Additionally, compared to the control group, the sensory attributes of sourness in Douchi were significantly reduced (p < 0.001), while the attributes of wine-like and sweetness were notably enhanced (p < 0.05) when the ratio of G. candidum to C. versatilis was 1:1 (GCC group). By calculating the odor-activity values (OAVs) of key volatiles, it can be hypothesized that this aroma improvement of Douchi may be attributed to an increase in the typical volatiles (3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanol, and 3-octanone) and ethyl 2-methylbutanoate with high OAVs (2340849.64 ∼ 16695327.86), as well as to decreases in the musty acetophenone. In conclusion, the aroma profile of Douchi was significantly enhanced when G. candidum and C. versatilis were added at a ratio of 1:1. This study provides valuable insights into the development of aroma enhancers for improving the sensory profile of Douchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xiya Feng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Gang Yang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Muying Du
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jun Song
- Shu Xiang Douchi Food Research Institute Limited Company, Chongqing 402160, PR China
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agri-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Feigl V, Medgyes-Horváth A, Kari A, Török Á, Bombolya N, Berkl Z, Farkas É, Fekete-Kertész I. The potential of Hungarian bauxite residue isolates for biotechnological applications. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 41:e00825. [PMID: 38225962 PMCID: PMC10788403 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Bauxite residue (red mud) is considered an extremely alkaline and salty environment for the biota. We present the first attempt to isolate, identify and characterise microbes from Hungarian bauxite residues. Four identified bacterial strains belonged to the Bacilli class, one each to the Actinomycetia, Gammaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria classes, and two to the Alphaproteobacteria class. All three identified fungi strains belonged to the Ascomycota division. Most strains tolerated pH 8-10 and salt content at 5-7% NaCl concentration. Alkalihalobacillus pseudofirmus BRHUB7 and Robertmurraya beringensis BRHUB9 can be considered halophilic and alkalitolerant. Priestia aryabhattai BRHUB2, Penicillium chrysogenum BRHUF1 and Aspergillus sp. BRHUF2 are halo- and alkalitolerant strains. Most strains produced siderophores and extracellular polymeric substances, could mobilise phosphorous, and were cellulose degraders. These strains and their enzymes are possible candidates for biotechnological applications in processes requiring extreme conditions, e.g. bioleaching of critical raw materials and rehabilitation of alkaline waste deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Feigl
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Anna Medgyes-Horváth
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Pázmány P. s. 1A, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - András Kari
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Microbiology, Pázmány P. s. 1A, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Ádám Török
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Nelli Bombolya
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Berkl
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Éva Farkas
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Quality, Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Ildikó Fekete-Kertész
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
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6
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Wang M, Hu Y, Cai F, Qiu J, Mao Y, Zhang Y. HIF‑1 and macrophage activation signalling pathways are potential biomarkers of invasive aspergillosis. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:86. [PMID: 38274338 PMCID: PMC10809359 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a severe disease, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine the molecular mechanism of IA and to identify potential biomarkers using bioinformatics analysis. The GSE78000 dataset, which includes data from patients with IA and healthy individuals, was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the IA and control groups were identified with the 'affy' package in R software. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were then used to analyse the function and pathway enrichment of DEGs. The protein-protein interaction network was analysed with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) website. In addition, DEGs were confirmed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting in samples with IA (n=6) and control samples (n=6) collected from the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology (Luoyang, China). The present study identified 735 DEGs, including 312 upregulated and 423 downregulated genes. Through GO and KEGG analyses of the DEGs, macrophage activation and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signalling pathways were revealed to be significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in patients with IA compared with that of the healthy individuals. Subsequently, correlation analysis of macrophage activation and HIF-1 signalling pathways was revealed using correlation as a distance metric for hierarchical clustering correlation analysis. However, there was no protein-protein interaction between the macrophage activity regulation and HIF-1 signalling pathways based on STRING analysis. In summary, the present study identified candidate genes and associated molecules that may be associated to IA and revealed potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Jiayong Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Yimin Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Yingmin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
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Ding X, Liu W, Liu K, Gao X, Liu Y. The Deletion of LeuRS Revealed Its Important Roles in Osmotic Stress Tolerance, Amino Acid and Sugar Metabolism, and the Reproduction Process of Aspergillus montevidensis. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:36. [PMID: 38248946 PMCID: PMC10820851 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus montevidensis is an important domesticated fungus that has been applied to produce many traditional fermented foods under high osmotic conditions. However, the detailed mechanisms of tolerance to osmotic stress remain largely unknown. Here, we construct a target-deleted strain (ΔLeuRS) of A. montevidensis and found that the ΔLeuRS mutants grew slowly and suppressed the development of the cleistothecium compared to the wide-type strains (WT) under salt-stressed and non-stressed conditions. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes (p < 0.001) governed by LeuRS were involved in salt tolerance, ABC transporter, amino acid metabolism, sugar metabolism, and the reproduction process. The ΔLeuRS strains compared to WT strains under short- and long-term salinity stress especially altered accumulation levels of metabolites, such as amino acids and derivatives, carbohydrates, organic acids, and fatty acids. This study provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms of salinity tolerance and lays a foundation for flavor improvement of foods fermented with A. montevidensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaihui Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China (Y.L.)
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Amaral YMS, de Castro RJS. Chicken viscera meal as substrate for the simultaneous production of antioxidant compounds and proteases by Aspergillus oryzae. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:1777-1790. [PMID: 37919523 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of chicken waste can contribute to the development of new processes and obtaining molecules with high added value. An experimental design was applied to evaluate the effect of moisture, temperature, and inoculum size on the production of antioxidant peptides and proteases by A. oryzae IOC3999 through solid-state fermentation (SSF) of chicken viscera meal. As a result, the process conditions strongly influenced protease production and antioxidant activity of the fermented products. A global analysis of the results indicated that the most adequate conditions for SSF were (assay 9): 40% initial moisture, 30 °C as the incubation temperature, 5.05 × 106 spores/g as the inoculum size, and 48-h fermentation as the fermentation time. Under this condition, the antioxidant activities for the ABTS- and DPPH-radicals inhibition and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods were 376.16, 153.29, and 300.47 (µmol TE/g), respectively, and the protease production reached 428.22 U/g. Ultrafiltration of the crude extract obtained under optimized fermentation conditions was performed, and the fraction containing peptides with molecular mass lower than 3 kDa showed the highest antioxidant activity. The proteases were biochemically characterized and showed maximal activity at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 6.0 and a temperature of 50 °C. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the process of thermal protease inactivation is not spontaneous (ΔG*d > 88.78 kJ/mol), increasing with temperature (ΔH*d 27.01-26.88 kJ/mol), and with reduced disorder in the system (ΔS*d < - 197.74 kJ/mol) probably caused by agglomeration of partially denatured enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Matheus Silva Amaral
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ruann Janser Soares de Castro
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Jang SY, Son YE, Oh DS, Han KH, Yu JH, Park HS. The Forkhead Gene fkhB is Necessary for Proper Development in Aspergillus nidulans. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1420-1427. [PMID: 37528554 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2307.07009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The forkhead domain genes are important for development and morphogenesis in fungi. Six forkhead genes fkhA-fkhF have been found in the genome of the model filamentous Ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans. To identify the fkh gene(s) associated with fungal development, we examined mRNA levels of these six genes and found that the level of fkhB and fkhD mRNA was significantly elevated during asexual development and in conidia. To investigate the roles of FkhB and FkhD, we generated fkhB and fkhD deletion mutants and complemented strains and investigated their phenotypes. The deletion of fkhB, but not fkhD, affected fungal growth and both sexual and asexual development. The fkhB deletion mutant exhibited decreased colony size with distinctly pigmented (reddish) asexual spores and a significantly lower number of conidia compared with these features in the wild type (WT), although the level of sterigmatocystin was unaffected by the absence of fkhB. Furthermore, the fkhB deletion mutant produced sexual fruiting bodies (cleistothecia) smaller than those of WT, implying that the fkhB gene is involved in both asexual and sexual development. In addition, fkhB deletion reduced fungal tolerance to heat stress and decreased trehalose accumulation in conidia. Overall, these results suggest that fkhB plays a key role in proper fungal growth, development, and conidial stress tolerance in A. nidulans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Yeong Jang
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Son
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soon Oh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Kap-Hoon Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yu
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hee-Soo Park
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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10
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Zhu J, Song L, Shen S, Fu W, Zhu Y, Liu L. Bioactive Alkaloids as Secondary Metabolites from Plant Endophytic Aspergillus Genus. Molecules 2023; 28:7789. [PMID: 38067519 PMCID: PMC10707824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids represent a large family of natural products with diverse structures and bioactivities. These compounds and their derivatives have been widely used in clinics to treat various diseases. The endophytic Aspergillus is a filamentous fungus renowned for its extraordinary ability to produce active natural products of high therapeutic value and economic importance. This review is the first to focus on Aspergillus-derived alkaloids. Through an extensive literature review and data analysis, 263 alkaloids are categorized according to their structural features into those containing cytochalasans, diketopiperazine alkaloids, quinazoline alkaloids, quinoline alkaloids, indole alkaloids, pyrrolidine alkaloids, and others. These metabolites exhibited diverse biological activities, such as antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory activity, and α-glucosidase, ACE, and DPPH inhibitory activities. The bioactivity, structural diversity, and occurrence of these alkaloids are reviewed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntai Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (J.Z.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (W.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lixia Song
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (J.Z.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (W.F.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shengnan Shen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (J.Z.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (W.F.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wanxin Fu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (J.Z.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (W.F.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yaying Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (J.Z.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (W.F.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (J.Z.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (W.F.); (Y.Z.)
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11
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Zhang C, Wu X, Song F, Liu S, Yu S, Zhou J. Core-Shell Droplet-Based Microfluidic Screening System for Filamentous Fungi. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3468-3477. [PMID: 37603446 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are competitive hosts for the production of drugs, proteins, and chemicals. However, their utility is limited by screening methods and low throughput. In this work, a universal high-throughput system for optimizing protein production in filamentous fungi was described. Droplet microfluidics was used to encapsulate large mutant strain pools in biocompatible core-shell microdroplets designed to avoid mycelial punctures and thus sustain prolonged culture. The self-assembled split GFP was then used to characterize the secretory capacity of the strains and isolate strains with superior production titers according to the fluorescence signals. The platform was applied to optimize the α-amylase secretion of Aspergillus niger, resulting in the isolation of a strain with 2.02-fold higher secretion capacity. The system allows the analysis of >105 single cells per h and will facilitate ultrahigh-throughput screening experiments of filamentous fungi. This method could help identify improved hosts for the large-scale production of biotechnology-relevant proteins. This is a broadly applicable system that can be equally used in other hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtai Zhang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fuqiang Song
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Song Liu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shiqin Yu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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12
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Danner C, Mach RL, Mach-Aigner AR. The phenomenon of strain degeneration in biotechnologically relevant fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12615-z. [PMID: 37341752 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are widely exploited for large-scale production in the biotechnological industry to produce a diverse range of substances due to their versatility and relative ease of growing on various substrates. The occurrence of a phenomenon-the so-called fungal strain degeneration-leads to the spontaneous loss or decline of production capacity and results in an economic loss on a tremendous scale. Some of the most commonly applied genera of fungi in the biotechnical industry, such as Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Penicillium, are threatened by this phenomenon. Although fungal degeneration has been known for almost a century, the phenomenon and its underlying mechanisms still need to be understood. The proposed mechanisms causing fungi to degenerate can be of genetic or epigenetic origin. Other factors, such as culture conditions, stress, or aging, were also reported to have an influence. This mini-review addresses the topic of fungal degeneration by describing examples of productivity losses in biotechnical processes using Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma reesei, and Penicillium chrysogenum. Further, potential reasons, circumvention, and prevention methods are discussed. This is the first mini-review which provides a comprehensive overview on this phenomenon in biotechnologically used fungi, and it also includes a collection of strategies that can be useful to minimize economic losses which can arise from strain degeneration. KEY POINTS: • Spontaneous loss of productivity is evident in many fungi used in biotechnology. • The properties and mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are very versatile. • Only studying these underlying mechanisms enables the design of a tailored solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Danner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Expression of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert L Mach
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid R Mach-Aigner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Expression of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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13
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Abstract
The microbiome may impact cancer development, progression and treatment responsiveness, but its fungal components remain insufficiently studied in this context. In this review, we highlight accumulating evidence suggesting a possible involvement of commensal and pathogenic fungi in modulation of cancer-related processes. We discuss the mechanisms by which fungi can influence tumour biology, locally by activity exerted within the tumour microenvironment, or remotely through secretion of bioactive metabolites, modulation of host immunity and communications with neighbouring bacterial commensals. We examine prospects of utilising fungi-related molecular signatures in cancer diagnosis, patient stratification and assessment of treatment responsiveness, while highlighting challenges and limitations faced in performing such research. In all, we demonstrate that fungi likely constitute important members of mucosal and tumour-residing microbiomes. Exploration of fungal inter-kingdom interactions with the bacterial microbiome and the host and decoding of their causal impacts on tumour biology may enable their harnessing into cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Saftien
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Puschhof
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eran Elinav
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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14
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Shaaban M, Abdel-Razek AS, Previtali V, Clausen MH, Gotfredsen CH, Laatsch H, Ding L. Sulochrins and alkaloids from a fennel endophyte Aspergillus sp. FVL2. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:1310-1320. [PMID: 34865573 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2005054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The fungal endophyte Aspergillus sp. strain FVL2, isolated from the traditional medicinal fennel plant, Foeniculum vulgare, was investigated for secondary metabolites. Fermentation on rice medium followed by chromatographic separation delivered three new natural products, 7-demethyl-neosulochrin (1), fumigaclavine I (3) and N-benzoyl-tryptophan (6) together with further 14 known metabolites, 1-O-methyl-sulochrin-4'-sulfate, questin, laccaic acid, isorhodoptilometrin, fumigaclavine A, fumigaclavine C, fumitremorgin C, fumigaquinazoline C, tryptoquivaline J, trypacidin, 3'-O-demethyl-sulochrin, 1-O-methyl-sulochrin, protocatechuic acid, and vermelone. The chemical structures of the new metabolites were determined by NMR spectroscopy and ESI HR mass spectrometry. For fumigaclavine I, we observed the partial deuterium transfer from the solvent to the enol form with a remarkable high stereo selectivity. The discovery of the new seco-anthraquinone 7-demethyl-neosulochrin (1) revealed a second type of ring cleavage by a questin oxygenase. The discovery of diverse secondary metabolites broadens the chemical space of Aspergillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Shaaban
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Abdel-Razek
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Viola Previtali
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mads Hartvig Clausen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Hartmut Laatsch
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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15
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Bodnár V, Király A, Orosz E, Miskei M, Emri T, Karányi Z, Leiter É, de Vries RP, Pócsi I. Species-specific effects of the introduction of Aspergillus nidulans gfdB in osmophilic aspergilli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2423-2436. [PMID: 36811707 PMCID: PMC10033484 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Industrial fungi need a strong environmental stress tolerance to ensure acceptable efficiency and yields. Previous studies shed light on the important role that Aspergillus nidulans gfdB, putatively encoding a NAD+-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, plays in the oxidative and cell wall integrity stress tolerance of this filamentous fungus model organism. The insertion of A. nidulans gfdB into the genome of Aspergillus glaucus strengthened the environmental stress tolerance of this xerophilic/osmophilic fungus, which may facilitate the involvement of this fungus in various industrial and environmental biotechnological processes. On the other hand, the transfer of A. nidulans gfdB to Aspergillus wentii, another promising industrial xerophilic/osmophilic fungus, resulted only in minor and sporadic improvement in environmental stress tolerance and meanwhile partially reversed osmophily. Because A. glaucus and A. wentii are phylogenetically closely related species and both fungi lack a gfdB ortholog, these results warn us that any disturbance of the stress response system of the aspergilli may elicit rather complex and even unforeseeable, species-specific physiological changes. This should be taken into consideration in any future targeted industrial strain development projects aiming at the fortification of the general stress tolerance of these fungi. KEY POINTS: • A. wentii c' gfdB strains showed minor and sporadic stress tolerance phenotypes. • The osmophily of A. wentii significantly decreased in the c' gfdB strains. • Insertion of gfdB caused species-specific phenotypes in A. wentii and A. glaucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Bodnár
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anita Király
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Orosz
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Márton Miskei
- ELRN-UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELRN-UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Karányi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Leiter
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELRN-UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
- ELRN-UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary.
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16
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Jiao J, Yao L, Fu JX, Lu Y, Gai QY, Feng X, He XJ, Cao RZ, Fu YJ. Cocultivation of pigeon pea hairy root cultures and Aspergillus for the enhanced production of cajaninstilbene acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1931-1946. [PMID: 36800029 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Pigeon pea hairy root cultures (PPHRCs) have been proven to be a promising alternative for the production of health-beneficial phenolic compounds, such as the most important health-promoting compound, i.e., cajaninstilbene acid (CSA). In this study, PPHRCs were cocultured with live Aspergillus fungi for further improving phenolic productivity via biological elicitation. Aspergillus oryzae CGMCC 3.951 (AO 3.951) was found to be the optimal fungus that could achieve the maximum increment of CSA (10.73-fold increase) in 42-day-old PPHRCs under the inoculum size of mycelia 0.50% and cocultivation time 36 h. More precisely, the contents of CSA in hairy roots and culture media after fungal elicitation increased by 9.87- and 62.18-fold over control, respectively. Meanwhile, the contents of flavonoid glycosides decreased, while aglycone yields increased upon AO 3.951 elicitation. Moreover, AO 3.951 could trigger the oxidative stress and pathogen defense response thus activating the expression of biosynthesis- and ABC transporter-related genes, which contributed to the intracellular accumulation and extracellular secretion of phenolic compounds (especially CSA) in PPHRCs. And PAL2, 4CL2, STS1, and I3'H were likely to be the potential key enzyme genes regulating the biosynthesis of CSA, and ABCB11X1-1, ABCB11, and ABCG24X2 were closely related to the transmembrane transport of CSA. Overall, the cocultivation approach could make PPHRCs more commercially attractive for the production of high-value phenolic compounds such as CSA and flavonoid aglycones in nutraceutical/medicinal fields. And the elucidation of crucial biosynthesis and transport genes was important for systematic metabolic engineering aimed at increasing CSA productivity. KEY POINTS: • Cocultivation of PPHRCs and live fungi was to enhance CSA production and secretion. • PPHRCs augmented CSA productivity 10.73-fold when cocultured with AO 3.951 mycelia. • Several biosynthesis and transport genes related to CSA production were clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xian Fu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yan Gai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue Feng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jia He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Ze Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
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17
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Chen T, Wang H, Su W, Mu Y, Tian Y. Analysis of the formation mechanism of volatile and non-volatile flavor substances in corn wine fermentation based on high-throughput sequencing and metabolomics. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112350. [PMID: 36869445 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to reveal the relationship between core microorganisms and flavor substances in the fermentation process of corn wine. Microbial diversity, volatile and non-volatile flavor substances were detected by high-throughput sequencing (HTS), headspace solid phase micro-extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) and gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect organic acids in corn wine fermentation, and its physiochemical properties were tracked. The results showed that physiochemical factors changed obviously with fermentation time. Bacillus, Prevotella_9, Acinetobacter and Gluconobacter were the predominant bacterial. Rhizopus and Saccharomyces were the dominant fungi. Acetic acid and succinic acid were important organic acids in corn wine. According to variable importance of projection (VIP) > 1 and P < 0.05, 24 volatile flavor substances with significant difference were screened out from 52 volatile flavor substances. Similarly, 25 non-volatile flavor substances with significant differences were screened out from the 97 reliable metabolites identified by 223 chromatographic peaks. Eight key metabolic pathways were enriched from 25 non-volatile flavor substances according to path influence values > 0.1 and P < 0.05. Based on Two-way Orthogonal Partial Least Squares (O2PLS) model and Pearson correlation coefficient, Saccharomyces, Rhizopus, uncultured_bacterium, Aneurinibacillus, Wickerhamomyces and Gluconobacter may be the potential volatile flavor-contributing microorganism genus in corn wine. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that Saccharomyces was significantly positively correlated with malic acid, oxalic acid, valine and isoleucine, and Rhizopus was positively correlated with glucose-1-phosphate and alanine. These findings enhanced our understanding of the formation mechanism of flavor substances in corn wine and provided the theoretical basis for stabilizing flavor quality of corn wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyan Chen
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Su
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory for Storage and Processing of Agricultural and Animal Products, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Yingchun Mu
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yexin Tian
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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18
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Bai X, Sheng Y, Tang Z, Pan J, Wang S, Tang B, Zhou T, Shi L, Zhang H. Polyketides as Secondary Metabolites from the Genus Aspergillus. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:261. [PMID: 36836375 PMCID: PMC9962652 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyketides are an important class of structurally diverse natural products derived from a precursor molecule consisting of a chain of alternating ketone and methylene groups. These compounds have attracted the worldwide attention of pharmaceutical researchers since they are endowed with a wide array of biological properties. As one of the most common filamentous fungi in nature, Aspergillus spp. is well known as an excellent producer of polyketide compounds with therapeutic potential. By extensive literature search and data analysis, this review comprehensively summarizes Aspergillus-derived polyketides for the first time, regarding their occurrences, chemical structures and bioactivities as well as biosynthetic logics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Bai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yue Sheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhenxing Tang
- School of Culinary Arts, Tourism College of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311231, China
| | - Jingyi Pan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shigui Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Bin Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lu’e Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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19
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Lv QB, Meng JX, Ma H, Liu R, Qin Y, Qin YF, Geng HL, Ni HB, Zhang XX. Description of Gut Mycobiota Composition and Diversity of Caprinae Animals. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0242422. [PMID: 36625628 PMCID: PMC9927506 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02424-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal community, also known as mycobiota, plays pivotal roles in host nutrition and metabolism and has potential to cause disease. However, knowledge of the gut fungal structure in Caprinae is quite limited. In this study, the composition and diversity of the gut mycobiota of Caprinae animals from different geographical locations (Anhui, Jilin, Guangxi, Shandong, Shanxi, and Tibet) were comprehensively characterized by analyzing the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) sequences of the fungal community. The results showed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla, which, respectively, accounted for 90.86 to 95.27% and 2.58 to 7.62% of sequences in samples from each region. Nonetheless, the structure of the gut mycobiota was largely different in Caprinae animals in the different provinces. Therein, Sporormiaceae and Thelebolaceae were the dominant fungal families in the samples from Tibet, whereas their abundance was generally low in other regions. The intestinal diversity of individuals from Guangxi was higher than that in other regions. In addition, there were 114 differential genera among all regions. Finally, the co-occurrence network revealed 285 significant correlations in cross-family pairs in the guts of Caprinae animals, which contained 149 positive and 136 negative relationships, with 96 bacterial and 86 fungal participants at the family level. This study has improved the understanding of the mycobiota of ruminants and provided support for the improvement in animal health and productivity. IMPORTANCE In this study, we elucidated and analyzed the structure of the gut mycobiota of Caprinae animals from different regions. This study revealed differences in the structure of the gut mycobiota among Caprinae animals from different geographical environments. Based on previous findings, correlations between fungal and bacterial communities were analyzed. This study adds to previous research that has expanded the present understanding of the gut microbiome of Caprinae animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bo Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jin-Xin Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - He Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Ya Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Feng Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Li Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Ni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Yang G, Xu J, Xu Y, Li R, Wang S. Analysis of Dynamics and Diversity of Microbial Community during Production of Germinated Brown Rice. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040755. [PMID: 36832830 PMCID: PMC9956166 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sprouts may be contaminated with different pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, which lead far too easily to foodborne outbreaks. The elucidations of microbial profiles in germinated brown rice (BR) are important, but the changes in the microbial composition during germination are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the microbiota composition and to monitor the dominant microbial dynamics in BR during germination using both culture-independent and -dependent methods. BR samples (HLJ2 and HN) were collected from each stage of the germination processing. The populations of microbes (total viable counts, yeast/mold counts, Bacillus cereus, and Enterobacteriaceae) of two BR cultivars increased markedly with the prolongation of the germination time. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) showed that the germination process significantly influenced the microbial composition and reduced the microbial diversity. Similar microbial communities were observed between the HLJ2 and the HN samples, but with different microbial richness. The bacterial and fungal alpha diversity achieved the maximum for ungerminated samples and declined significantly after soaking and germination. During germination, Pantoea, Bacillus, and Cronobacter were the dominant bacterial genera, but Aspergillus, Rhizopus, and Coniothyrium dominated for the fungi in the BR samples. The predominance of harmful and spoilage microorganisms in BR during germination is mainly from contaminated seeds, which highlights the potential risk of foodborne illness from sprouted BR products. The results provide new insight into the microbiome dynamics of BR and may help to establish effective decontamination measures against pathogenic microorganisms during sprout production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoji Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Juanjuan Xu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yuanmei Xu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shaojin Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, 213 L.J. Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-87092391; Fax: +86-29-87091737
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Unlocking the magic in mycelium: Using synthetic biology to optimize filamentous fungi for biomanufacturing and sustainability. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100560. [PMID: 36756210 PMCID: PMC9900623 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi drive carbon and nutrient cycling across our global ecosystems, through its interactions with growing and decaying flora and their constituent microbiomes. The remarkable metabolic diversity, secretion ability, and fiber-like mycelial structure that have evolved in filamentous fungi have been increasingly exploited in commercial operations. The industrial potential of mycelial fermentation ranges from the discovery and bioproduction of enzymes and bioactive compounds, the decarbonization of food and material production, to environmental remediation and enhanced agricultural production. Despite its fundamental impact in ecology and biotechnology, molds and mushrooms have not, to-date, significantly intersected with synthetic biology in ways comparable to other industrial cell factories (e.g. Escherichia coli,Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Komagataella phaffii). In this review, we summarize a suite of synthetic biology and computational tools for the mining, engineering and optimization of filamentous fungi as a bioproduction chassis. A combination of methods across genetic engineering, mutagenesis, experimental evolution, and computational modeling can be used to address strain development bottlenecks in established and emerging industries. These include slow mycelium growth rate, low production yields, non-optimal growth in alternative feedstocks, and difficulties in downstream purification. In the scope of biomanufacturing, we then detail previous efforts in improving key bottlenecks by targeting protein processing and secretion pathways, hyphae morphogenesis, and transcriptional control. Bringing synthetic biology practices into the hidden world of molds and mushrooms will serve to expand the limited panel of host organisms that allow for commercially-feasible and environmentally-sustainable bioproduction of enzymes, chemicals, therapeutics, foods, and materials of the future.
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22
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Brauer VS, Pessoni AM, Freitas MS, Cavalcanti-Neto MP, Ries LNA, Almeida F. Chitin Biosynthesis in Aspergillus Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010089. [PMID: 36675910 PMCID: PMC9865612 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal cell wall (FCW) is a dynamic structure responsible for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and is essential for modulating the interaction of the fungus with its environment. It is composed of proteins, lipids, pigments and polysaccharides, including chitin. Chitin synthesis is catalyzed by chitin synthases (CS), and up to eight CS-encoding genes can be found in Aspergillus species. This review discusses in detail the chitin synthesis and regulation in Aspergillus species, and how manipulation of chitin synthesis pathways can modulate fungal growth, enzyme production, virulence and susceptibility to antifungal agents. More specifically, the metabolic steps involved in chitin biosynthesis are described with an emphasis on how the initiation of chitin biosynthesis remains unknown. A description of the classification, localization and transport of CS was also made. Chitin biosynthesis is shown to underlie a complex regulatory network, with extensive cross-talks existing between the different signaling pathways. Furthermore, pathways and recently identified regulators of chitin biosynthesis during the caspofungin paradoxical effect (CPE) are described. The effect of a chitin on the mammalian immune system is also discussed. Lastly, interference with chitin biosynthesis may also be beneficial for biotechnological applications. Even after more than 30 years of research, chitin biosynthesis remains a topic of current interest in mycology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica S. Brauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01000-000, Brazil
| | - André M. Pessoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01000-000, Brazil
| | - Mateus S. Freitas
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01000-000, Brazil
| | - Marinaldo P. Cavalcanti-Neto
- Integrated Laboratory of Morphofunctional Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability (NUPEM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Laure N. A. Ries
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
- Correspondence: (L.N.A.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Fausto Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01000-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.N.A.R.); (F.A.)
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23
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Jun SC, Kim YK, Han KH. Characterization of Nonaflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus/ oryzae Strains Isolated from Korean Traditional Soybean Meju. MYCOBIOLOGY 2022; 50:408-419. [PMID: 36721784 PMCID: PMC9848355 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2156139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi that could be classified into Aspergillus flavus/oryzae were isolated from traditionally fermented meju commercially available in Korea. The samples were analyzed for aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A contamination by HPLC; however, no toxin was detected. In addition, fungal and bacterial metagenomic sequencing were performed to analyze the microbial distribution in the samples. The results revealed that the distribution and abundance of fungi and bacteria differed considerably depending on the production regions and fermentation conditions of the meju samples. Through morphological analysis, ITS region sequencing, and assessment of the aflatoxin-producing ability, a total of 32 A. flavus/oryzae strains were identified. PCR analysis of six regions with a high mutation frequency in the aflatoxin gene cluster (AGC) revealed a total of six types of AGC breaking point patterns. The A. flavus/oryzae strains did not exhibit the high amylase activity detected in the commercial yellow koji strain (starter mold). However, their peptidase and lipase activities were generally higher than that of the koji isolates. We verified the safety of the traditionally fermented meju samples by analyzing the AGC breaking point pattern and the enzyme activities of A. flavus/oryzae strains isolated from the samples. The isolated strains could possibly be used as starter molds for soybean fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Cheol Jun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Woosuk University, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyung Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Woosuk University, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kap-Hoon Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Woosuk University, Wanju, Republic of Korea
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24
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Faustino ISP, Ramos JC, Mariz BALA, Papadopoulou E, Georgaki M, Nikitakis NG, Vargas PA, Santos-Silva AR, Lopes MA. A Rare Case of Mandibular Aspergillus Osteomyelitis in an Immunocompetent Patient. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10110213. [PMID: 36354658 PMCID: PMC9689526 DOI: 10.3390/dj10110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by Aspergillus species, which is contracted through spores that colonize the respiratory tract, causing rhinosinusitis and pulmonary infections. Oral aspergillosis is rare and, when present, may cause soft tissue and bone destruction, generally in immunodeficient patients. Mandibular Aspergillus osteomyelitis is even rarer, with few cases reported in the literature. A 57-year-old Caucasian woman was referred for the evaluation of painful recurrent swelling in the anterior mandibular alveolar ridge, with purulent drainage, previously treated with multiple surgical debridement procedures and antibiotics without success. The patient was otherwise systemically healthy. Surgical debridement was performed and histopathological examination showed osteomyelitis associated with Aspergillus species. Therapy with oral itraconazole (400 mg per day) was administered for 3 months, resulting in complete resolution. No recurrence was detected after 15 years of follow-up. The patient was rehabilitated with dental implants. In conclusion, non-bacterial microorganisms, such as Aspergillus, should be considered in cases of mandibular osteomyelitis that do not heal after surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joab Cabral Ramos
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | | | - Erofili Papadopoulou
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Georgaki
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos G. Nikitakis
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Marcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Zhao S, Martin-Vicente A, Colabardini AC, Pereira Silva L, Rinker DC, Fortwendel JR, Goldman GH, Gibbons JG. Genomic and Molecular Identification of Genes Contributing to the Caspofungin Paradoxical Effect in Aspergillus fumigatus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0051922. [PMID: 36094204 PMCID: PMC9603777 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00519-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a deadly opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for ~100,000 annual deaths. Azoles are the first line antifungal agent used against A. fumigatus, but azole resistance has rapidly evolved making treatment challenging. Caspofungin is an important second-line therapy against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, a severe A. fumigatus infection. Caspofungin functions by inhibiting β-1,3-glucan synthesis, a primary and essential component of the fungal cell wall. A phenomenon termed the caspofungin paradoxical effect (CPE) has been observed in several fungal species where at higher concentrations of caspofungin, chitin replaces β-1,3-glucan, morphology returns to normal, and growth rate increases. CPE appears to occur in vivo, and it is therefore clinically important to better understand the genetic contributors to CPE. We applied genomewide association (GWA) analysis and molecular genetics to identify and validate candidate genes involved in CPE. We quantified CPE across 67 clinical isolates and conducted three independent GWA analyses to identify genetic variants associated with CPE. We identified 48 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CPE. We used a CRISPR/Cas9 approach to generate gene deletion mutants for seven genes harboring candidate SNPs. Two null mutants, ΔAfu3g13230 and ΔAfu4g07080 (dscP), resulted in reduced basal growth rate and a loss of CPE. We further characterized the dscP phosphatase-null mutant and observed a significant reduction in conidia production and extremely high sensitivity to caspofungin at both low and high concentrations. Collectively, our work reveals the contribution of Afu3g13230 and dscP in CPE and sheds new light on the complex genetic interactions governing this phenotype. IMPORTANCE This is one of the first studies to apply genomewide association (GWA) analysis to identify genes involved in an Aspergillus fumigatus phenotype. A. fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes hundreds of thousands of infections and ~100,000 deaths each year, and antifungal resistance has rapidly evolved in this species. A phenomenon called the caspofungin paradoxical effect (CPE) occurs in some isolates, where high concentrations of the drug lead to increased growth rate. There is clinical relevance in understanding the genetic basis of this phenotype, since caspofungin concentrations could lead to unintended adverse clinical outcomes in certain cases. Using GWA analysis, we identified several interesting candidate polymorphisms and genes and then generated gene deletion mutants to determine whether these genes were important for CPE. Two of these mutant strains (ΔAfu3g13230 and ΔAfu4g07080/ΔdscP) displayed a loss of the CPE. This study sheds light on the genes involved in clinically important phenotype CPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhao
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adela Martin-Vicente
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ana Cristina Colabardini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Pereira Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David C. Rinker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jarrod R. Fortwendel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gustavo Henrique Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John G. Gibbons
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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The function of a conidia specific transcription factor CsgA in Aspergillus nidulans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15588. [PMID: 36114253 PMCID: PMC9481610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus spp. mainly reproduce asexually via asexual spores called conidia. In this study, we identified CsgA, a conidia-specific Zn2Cys6 transcription factor containing the GAL4-like zinc-finger domain, and characterized the roles of CsgA in the model organism Aspergillus nidulans. In A. nidulans, the ΔcsgA strain produced abnormal conidiophores and exhibited increased conidial production. The deletion of csgA resulted in impaired production of sexual fruiting bodies (cleistothecia) and lower mutA expression levels. Overexpression of csgA led to decreased conidia production but increased cleistothecia production, suggesting that CsgA is essential for proper asexual and sexual development in A. nidulans. In conidia, the deletion of csgA resulted in increased trehalose content, higher spore viability, and increased tolerance to thermal and oxidative stresses. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the loss of csgA affects the expression of genes related to conidia germination, DNA repair, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Further analysis revealed that the ΔcsgA strain exhibited delayed conidial germination and abnormal germ tube length. Additionally, the production of sterigmatocystin increased in the ΔcsgA conidia compared to that in the controls. Overall, these results suggest that CsgA is crucial for proper fungal development, spore viability, conidial germination, and sterigmatocystin production in A. nidulans.
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Shi Z, Zhao Y, Liu S, Wang Y, Yu Q. Size-Dependent Impact of Magnetic Nanoparticles on Growth and Sporulation of Aspergillus niger. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185840. [PMID: 36144576 PMCID: PMC9502663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are becoming important DNA nanocarriers for genetic engineering of industrial fungi. However, the biological effect of MNPs on industrial fungi remains unknown. In this study, we prepared three kinds of magnetic nanoparticles with different sizes (i.e., 10 nm, 20 nm, and 200 nm) to investigate their impact on the growth and sporulation of the important industrial fungus Aspergillus niger. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and Zeta potential analysis revealed that the three kinds of MNPs, including MNP10, MNP20 and MNP200, had uniform size distribution, regular Fe3O4 X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and similar Zeta potentials. Interestingly, although the three kinds of MNPs did not obviously inhibit growth of the fungus, the MNP20 at 500 mg/L strongly attenuated sporulation, leading to a remarkable decrease in spore numbers on culturing plates. Further investigation showed that MNP20 at the high concentration led to drastic chitin accumulation in the cell wall, indicating cell wall disruption of the MNP20-treated fungal cells. Moreover, the MNPs did not cause unusual iron dissolution and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and the addition of ferrous ion, ferric ion or the reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) had no impact on the sporulation of the fungus, suggesting that both iron dissolution and ROS accumulation did not contribute to attenuated sporulation by MNP20. This study revealed the size-dependent effect of MNPs on fungal sporulation, which was associated with MNP-induced cell wall disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Correspondence:
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Cho HJ, Son SH, Chen W, Son YE, Lee I, Yu JH, Park HS. Regulation of Conidiogenesis in Aspergillus flavus. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182796. [PMID: 36139369 PMCID: PMC9497164 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is a representative fungal species in the Aspergillus section Flavi and has been used as a model system to gain insights into fungal development and toxin production. A. flavus has several adverse effects on humans, including the production of the most carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxins and causing aspergillosis in immune-compromised patients. In addition, A. flavus infection of crops results in economic losses due to yield loss and aflatoxin contamination. A. flavus is a saprophytic fungus that disperses in the ecosystem mainly by producing asexual spores (conidia), which also provide long-term survival in the harsh environmental conditions. Conidia are composed of the rodlet layer, cell wall, and melanin and are produced from an asexual specialized structure called the conidiophore. The production of conidiophores is tightly regulated by various regulators, including the central regulatory cascade composed of BrlA-AbaA-WetA, the fungi-specific velvet regulators, upstream regulators, and developmental repressors. In this review, we summarize the findings of a series of recent studies related to asexual development in A. flavus and provide insights for a better understanding of other fungal species in the section Flavi.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Jin Cho
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sung-Hun Son
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Wanping Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ye-Eun Son
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Inhyung Lee
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yu
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Park
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-5751
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Liu K, Ding X, Wang G, Liu W. Complete Genome Sequencing of Halophilic Endophytic Aspergillus montevidensis, Strain ZYD4, Isolated from Alfalfa Stems Grown in Saline-Alkaline Soils. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:867-869. [PMID: 35822852 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-21-0314-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaihui Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiaowei Ding
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wanting Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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Wang Z, Wu L, Fu D, Zhang Y, Zhang C. Hemp Seed Fermented by Aspergillus oryzae Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Inflammatory Responses in N9 Microglial Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121689. [PMID: 35741887 PMCID: PMC9222285 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of our present work was to explore the possible enhanced anti-neuroinflammatory ability of Aspergillus oryzae fermented hemp seed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated N9 microglial cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism. The water extract of hemp seed was fermented by Aspergillus oryzae. LPS-stimulated N9 microglial cells were employed for the inflammatory cell model. The release of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by Griess assay. The cytokines and inflammatory mediator expression were measured by qPCR and ELISA. The phosphorylated key signaling proteins, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K/Akt), were quantified by western blot analysis. The production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by DCFH oxidation. Fermented hemp seed (FHS) reduced NO production by downregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in LPS-stimulated N9 microglial cells. FHS treatment decreased LPS-stimulated expression of inflammatory cytokines either on mRNA or protein levels. Moreover, FHS inhibited LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of NF-κB, MAPKs, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Furthermore, FHS significantly reduced the ROS production in the cells. It was concluded that FHS exerted its anti-neuroinflammatory activities by suppressing ROS production, thus inhibiting NF-κB, MAPKs, and PI3K/Akt activation, consequently decreasing the expression levels of inflammatory mediators and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (Z.W.); (D.F.)
| | - Lehao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Dongmei Fu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (Z.W.); (D.F.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chunzhi Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (Z.W.); (D.F.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (C.Z.)
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Nutrition Component Adjustment of Distilled Dried Grain with Solubles via Aspergillus niger and Its Change about Dynamic Physiological Metabolism. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8060264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The low fiber digestibility and unbalanced amino acids restricted the use of DDGS in swine diets. Key nutrition components dynamic monitoring and key regulatory pathways analysis were performed to find the rules of nutrition changes for DDGS fermented by Aspergillus niger. Cellulose and hemicellulose were reduced to 15.3% and 15.2%. 1,4-D-Xylobiose was decreased from 16.8 μg/mL to 0.2 μg/mL. Lys, Arg, and Thr were increased to 3.00%, 2.89%, and 4.40%, and met the requirements of pigs. The whole fermentation process was divided into three stages. Cellulose degradation and Lys and Arg synthesis occurred in the early stage, while Asp synthesis occurred in the last stage. α-Ketoglutarate was the key factor for Aspergillus niger degrading cellulose to synthesize Lys and Arg. The key active metabolic pathways that respond to the changes in nutrition were identified which preliminarily revealed the rules of nutrition adjustment of DDGS during fermentation with Aspergillus niger.
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33
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Zhang L, Li X, Song X, Bian C, Kang X, Zhao J, Qiao H, Gong Y. Assessment of the Endophytic Fungal Composition of Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecalis-Fermented Astragalus membranaceus Using Single-Molecule, Real-Time Sequencing Technology. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:880152. [PMID: 35573417 PMCID: PMC9096703 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.880152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungus represents microorganisms existing within the healthy plant organs, which can significantly influence metabolic product production in plants, a process with great research value and broad prospects for development. To investigate the effect of fermentation with probiotic cultures on the endophytic fungal diversity and composition of Astragalus membranaceus, we used single-molecular, real-time sequencing (Pacific Biosciences) for 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. The results showed that the endophytic fungi of A. membranaceus mainly belonged to Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cystofilobasidium, Candida, Guehomyces, and Wallemia. Furthermore, the endophytic fungal diversity and abundance of A. membranaceus were more variable after fermentation with Enterococcus faecium and/or Lactobacillus plantarum. Our data lays a solid and comprehensive foundation for further exploration of endophytic fungi from A. membranaceus as potential sources of functional compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianghui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinghui Song
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanzhou Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology HAU, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junqiang Zhao
- Henan Tianhao Hongfa Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxing Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongxing Qiao
| | - Yanzhang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Yanzhang Gong
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34
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Li M, Xiao Y, Zhong K, Wu Y, Gao H. Delving into the Biotransformation Characteristics and Mechanism of Steamed Green Tea Fermented by Aspergillus niger PW-2 Based on Metabolomic and Proteomic Approaches. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060865. [PMID: 35327286 PMCID: PMC8951510 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus niger is one of the dominant microorganisms presented in dark tea fermentation. In this study, the biotransformation of steamed green tea leaves fermented by A. niger PW-2 was characterized using metabolomic and proteomic approaches. We observed that, after fermentation, the contents of volatile compounds contributing to the “green” aroma, including linalool, L-α-terpineol and geraniol, decreased significantly. Meanwhile, the astringency taste and contents of metabolites contributing to the taste (catechins) reduced significantly during fermentation. Additionally, the contents of theabrownins, which have health benefits, obviously increased. The bitter and umami tastes were also changed due to the variations in bitter-taste and umami-taste amino acids. We also found that glycoside hydrolases, tannases, catechol oxidases, peroxidases and laccases secreted by A. niger PW-2 were responsible for the metabolism of phenolic compounds and their derivatives (theaflavins, thearubingins and theabrownins). Finally, the metabolic pathways involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of characteristic metabolites were found to reveal the biotransformation characteristics of dark tea fermented with A. niger PW-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyun Li
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (M.L.); (K.Z.); (H.G.)
| | - Yue Xiao
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Kai Zhong
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (M.L.); (K.Z.); (H.G.)
| | - Yanping Wu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (M.L.); (K.Z.); (H.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (M.L.); (K.Z.); (H.G.)
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35
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Chen S, Fu Y, Bian X, Zhao M, Zuo Y, Ge Y, Xiao Y, Xiao J, Li N, Wu JL. Investigation and dynamic profiling of oligopeptides, free amino acids and derivatives during Pu-erh tea fermentation by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2022; 371:131176. [PMID: 34601212 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fermentation is the critical step of Pu-erh tea manufacture, which will induce dramatic changes in the chemical composition and content of tea. In this research, we applied multi-methods based on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS to profile the dynamic changes of oligopeptides, free amino acids, and derivatives (OPADs) during Pu-erh fermentation and predicted the potential bioactivities in silico. A total of 60 oligopeptides, 18 free amino acids, and 42 amino acid derivatives were identified, and the contents of most of them decreased after fermentation. But several N-acetyl amino acids increased 7-36 times after fermentation, and they might be the potential inhibitors of neurokinin-1 receptor. Moreover, the results of metamicrobiology showed Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus luchuensis were more prominent to metabolize protein, oligopeptides, and amino acids. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights about dynamic variations of OPADs during Pu-erh tea fermentation and are beneficial for guiding practical fermentation and quality control of Pu-erh tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiqing Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yilang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yahui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China.
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36
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Solid-State Fermented Okara with Aspergillus spp. Improves Lipid Metabolism and High-Fat Diet Induced Obesity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030198. [PMID: 35323642 PMCID: PMC8949957 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Okara is a major by-product of soymilk and tofu production. Despite retaining abundant nutrients after the process, okara is often under-utilized. In this study, solid-state fermentation (SSF) of okara was carried out using a koji starter (containing both Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus sojae) with the intention of releasing its untapped nutrients. Its effects on lipid metabolism in diet-induced obesity (DIO) were observed. The nutritional profile of fermented okara was elucidated using the following parameters: total phenolic content (TPC), pH, protein content, dietary fiber, amino acid content, and free sugar content. In vivo experiments were conducted using high-fat diets supplemented with unfermented okara and fermented okara over three weeks. Supplementation with fermented okara reduced body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, the serum triglyceride profile, and lipid accumulation in the liver, and altered the mRNA expression levels related to lipid metabolism; however, it did not affect pH and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in this study. In conclusion, high-fat diets supplemented using okara fermented with Aspergillus spp. improved the lipid metabolism in mice, due to their high nutritional value, such as TPC, soy protein, and amino acids, and their synergistic effects without altering the gut microbiota.
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37
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Meng J, Chroumpi T, Mäkelä MR, de Vries RP. Xylitol production from plant biomass by Aspergillus niger through metabolic engineering. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126199. [PMID: 34710597 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Xylitol is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries as a valuable commodity product. Biotechnological production of xylitol from lignocellulosic biomass by microorganisms is a promising alternative option to chemical synthesis or bioconversion from D-xylose. In this study, four metabolic mutants of Aspergillus niger were constructed and evaluated for xylitol accumulation from D-xylose and lignocellulosic biomass. All mutants had strongly increased xylitol production from pure D-xylose, beechwood xylan, wheat bran and cotton seed hulls compared to the reference strain, but not from several other feed stocks. The triple mutant ΔladAΔxdhAΔsdhA showed the best performance in xylitol production from wheat bran and cotton seed hulls. This study demonstrated the large potential of A. niger for xylitol production directly from lignocellulosic biomass by metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Meng
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tania Chroumpi
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miia R Mäkelä
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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38
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Zhao K, Liu Z, Li M, Hu Y, Yang L, Song X, Qin Y. Drafting Penicillium oxalicum calcineurin-CrzA pathway by combining the analysis of phenotype, transcriptome, and endogenous protein-protein interactions. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 158:103652. [PMID: 34920105 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Fungi sense environmental signals and coordinate growth, development, and metabolism accordingly. Calcium-calmodulin-calcineurin signaling is a conserved cascade pathway in fungi. One of the most important downstream targets of this pathway is the transcription factor Crz1/CrzA, which plays an essential role in various cellular processes. The putative collaborators of Penicillium oxalicum CrzA (PoCrzA) were found, through tandem affinity purification followed by mass spectrometric analysis (TAP-MS). A total of 50 protein-protein interaction collaborators of PoCrzA were observed. Among them, some collaborators, such as the catalytic subunit of calcineurin (Cna1, calcineurin A), the regulatory catalytic subunit of calcineurin (Cnb1, calcineurin B), and a 14-3-3 protein Bmh1, which were previously reported in yeast, were identified. Some putative collaborators, including two karyopherins (exportin Los1 and importin Srp1), two kinases (Fus3 and Slt2p), and a general transcriptional corepressor (Cyc8), were also found. The CrzA deletion mutant ΔPocrzA exhibited slow hyphal growth, impaired conidiogenesis, and reduced extracellular cellulase synthesis. Phenotype and transcriptome analysis showed that PoCrzA regulated fungal development in a Flbs-BrlA-dependent manner and participated in cellulase synthesis by modulating cellulolytic gene expression. On the basis of the results of TAP-MS, transcriptome, and phenotypic analysis in P. oxalicum, our study was the first to draft the calcineurin-CrzA pathway in cellulolytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Zhao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Zhongjiao Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Mengxue Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yueyan Hu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Vocational Education College, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China.
| | - Xin Song
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yuqi Qin
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
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39
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Filiatrault-Chastel C, Heiss-Blanquet S, Margeot A, Berrin JG. From fungal secretomes to enzymes cocktails: The path forward to bioeconomy. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 52:107833. [PMID: 34481893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bioeconomy is seen as a way to mitigate the carbon footprint of human activities by reducing at least part of the fossil resources-based economy. In this new paradigm of sustainable development, the use of enzymes as biocatalysts will play an increasing role to provide services and goods. In industry, most of multicomponent enzyme cocktails are of fungal origin. Filamentous fungi secrete complex enzyme sets called "secretomes" that can be utilized as enzyme cocktails to valorize different types of bioresources. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the study of fungal secretomes using improved computational and experimental secretomics methods, the progress in the understanding of industrially important fungi, and the discovery of new enzymatic mechanisms and interplays to degrade renewable resources rich in polysaccharides (e.g. cellulose). We review current biotechnological applications focusing on the benefits and challenges of fungal secretomes for industrial applications with some examples of commercial cocktails of fungal origin containing carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and we discuss future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Filiatrault-Chastel
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, UMR1163, Marseille, France; IFP Energies nouvelles, 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison, France.
| | - Senta Heiss-Blanquet
- IFP Energies nouvelles, 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison, France.
| | - Antoine Margeot
- IFP Energies nouvelles, 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison, France.
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, UMR1163, Marseille, France.
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40
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Zhang G, Ren X, Liang X, Wang Y, Feng D, Zhang Y, Xian M, Zou H. Improving the Microbial Production of Amino Acids: From Conventional Approaches to Recent Trends. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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41
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Qin Y, Zhou C, Jin W, Yao H, Chen H, Wan Y, Xiao Y, Tang Z, Shan Z, Bu T, Chen H. Construction of Aspergillus Oryzae food-grade expression system based on auxotrophic markers. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2021.1979580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Caixia Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Weiqiong Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Huipeng Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yujun Wan
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Yirong Xiao
- Sichuan Agricultural University Hospital, Ya’an, China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Zhi Shan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Tongliang Bu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
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42
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Díaz GV, Coniglio RO, Chungara CI, Zapata PD, Villalba LL, Fonseca MI. Aspergillus niger LBM 134 isolated from rotten wood and its potential cellulolytic ability. Mycology 2021; 12:160-173. [PMID: 34567828 PMCID: PMC8462884 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1823509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus is a genus of filamentous and cosmopolitan fungi that includes important species for medical mycology, food, basic research and agro-industry areas. Aspergillus section Nigri are efficient producers of hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulases that are employed in the cellulose conversion. Hence, the search of new cellulolytic isolates and their correct identification is important for carrying out safe biotechnological processes. This study aimed to characterise the cellulolytic potential of Aspergillus sp. LBM 134, isolated from the Paranaense rainforest (Argentina) and to identify the isolate through a polyphasic approach. The fungus was identified as Aspergillus niger and its cellulolytic potential was evaluated by using Congo red technique and fluorescence plate assays for carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase, respectively. All three cellulase activities were positive; this bio-prospective positioned A. niger LBM 134 as a promising alternative for industries that require organisms capable of carrying out cellulosic biomass processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Verónica Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Romina Olga Coniglio
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Clara Inés Chungara
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Pedro Darío Zapata
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Laura Lidia Villalba
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
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Imran M, Abulreesh HH, Monjed MK, Elbanna K, Samreen, Ahmad I. Multifarious functional traits of free-living rhizospheric fungi, with special reference to Aspergillus spp. isolated from North Indian soil, and their inoculation effect on plant growth. ANN MICROBIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-021-01643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Rhizospheric soil fungi are critical for plant and soil health. However, their multiple functional traits and impact on plant growth have not been systematically explored.
Methods
During this study, biochemical traits of 73 indigenous soil fungal isolates and 15 unidentified isolates related to plant growth promotion and production of extracellular enzymes were studied.
Results
Forty four (65.67%) of the total isolates produced indole acetic acid (IAA) followed by siderophore (52.23%), phosphate solubilization (37.31%), and antibiotic (11.93%). 91.04% of the studied isolates produced ammonia whereas 28.35% produced organic acid. Extracellular enzyme activities of lipase, amylase, chitinase, and cellulase were detected among 95.52%, 61.11%, 35.82%, and 41.79% isolates, respectively. Based on these activities, 73 fungal isolates were categorized into different biotypes. Quantitative analysis of IAA production and phosphate solubilization was carried out for Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus isolates. Aspergillus isolates exhibited varying activities of IAA production and phosphate solubilization. Most of the Aspergillus isolates and some other fungi demonstrated multiple activities. Based on the multiple traits of selected fungal isolates, Aspergillus sp-07, Penicillium sp-03, and Rhizopus sp-02 were further evaluated in different combinations for their inoculation effect on the growth and yield of wheat under field conditions.
Conclusions
The results indicated that these isolates could be developed into bio-inoculants to enhance plant growth. The consortium of these three isolates was also found to be compatible and beneficial for plant growth.
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Zhao Y, Lee MK, Lim J, Moon H, Park HS, Zheng W, Yu JH. The putative sensor histidine kinase VadJ coordinates development and sterigmatocystin production in Aspergillus nidulans. J Microbiol 2021; 59:746-752. [PMID: 34219207 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-1055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The VosA-VelB heterocomplex governs expression of several genes associated with fungal development and secondary metabolism. In this study, we have investigated the functions of one of the VosA-VelB-activated developmental genes vadJ in development and production of the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin in the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans. The vadJ gene is predicted to encode a 957-amino acid length protein containing a highly conserved sensor histidine kinase domain. The deletion of vosA or velB resulted in decreased mRNA levels of vadJ throughout the life cycle, suggesting that VosA and VelB are necessary for proper expression of vadJ. Nullifying vadJ led to highly restricted colony growth, lowered formation of asexual spores, and about two-fold reduction in conidial viability. Conversely, the deletion of vadJ resulted in elevated production of sexual fruiting bodies and sterigmatocystin. These suggest that VadJ is necessary for proper coordination of asexual and sexual development, and sterigmatocystin production. In accordance with this idea, the deletion of vadJ led to elevated mRNA levels of the two key sexual developmental activators esdC and nsdD. In summary, the putative sensor histidine kinase VadJ represses sexual development and sterigmatocystin production, but activates asexual development in A. nidulans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Department of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieyin Lim
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Heungyun Moon
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Hee-Soo Park
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Weifa Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Department of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Jiangsu, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yu
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA.
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Yamamoto N, Watarai N, Koyano H, Sawada K, Toyoda A, Kurokawa K, Yamada T. Analysis of genomic characteristics and their influence on metabolism in Aspergillus luchuensis albino mutants using genome sequencing. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 155:103601. [PMID: 34224861 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Black Aspergillus luchuensis and its white albino mutant are essential fungi for making alcoholic beverages in Japan. A large number of industrial strains have been created using novel isolation or gene/genome mutation techniques. Such mutations influence metabolic and phenotypic characteristics in industrial strains, but few comparative studies of inter-strain mutation have been conducted. We carried out comparative genome analyses of 8 industrial strains of A. luchuensis and A. kawachii IFO 4308, the latter being the first albino strain to be isolated. Phylogenetic analysis based on 8938 concatenated genes exposed the diversity of black koji strains and uniformity among albino industrial strains, suggesting that passaged industrial albino strains have more genetic mutations compared with strain IFO 4308 and black koji strains. Comparative analysis showed that the albino strains had mutations in genes not only for conidial pigmentation but also in those that encode N-terminal acetyltransferase A and annexin XIV-like protein. The results also suggest that some mutations may have emerged through subculturing of albino strains. For example, mutations in the genes for isocitrate lyase and sugar transporters were observed only in industrial albino strains. This implies that selective pressure for increasing enzyme activity or secondary metabolites may have influenced the mutation of genes associated with environmental stress responses in A. luchuensis albino strains. Our study clarifies hitherto unknown genetic and metabolic characteristics of A. luchuensis industrial strains and provides potential applications for comparative genome analysis for breeding koji strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Naoki Watarai
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Koyano
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sawada
- Corporate Strategy Office, Gurunavi, Inc., Toho Hibiya Building, 1-2-2 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Ken Kurokawa
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamada
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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Yu J, Yang M, Han J, Pang X. Fungal and mycotoxin occurrence, affecting factors, and prevention in herbal medicines: a review. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1925696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Yu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Han
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Pang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Lingo DE, Shukla N, Osmani AH, Osmani SA. Aspergillus nidulans biofilm formation modifies cellular architecture and enables light-activated autophagy. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1181-1192. [PMID: 33826367 PMCID: PMC8351559 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-11-0734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
After growing on surfaces, including those of medical and industrial importance, fungal biofilms self-generate internal microenvironments. We previously reported that gaseous microenvironments around founder Aspergillus nidulans cells change during biofilm formation causing microtubules to disassemble under control of the hypoxic transcription factor SrbA. Here we investigate if biofilm formation might also promote changes to structures involved in exocytosis and endocytosis. During biofilm formation, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) remained intact but ER exit sites and the Golgi apparatus were modified as were endocytic actin patches. The biofilm-driven changes required the SrbA hypoxic transcription factor and could be triggered by nitric oxide, further implicating gaseous regulation of biofilm cellular architecture. By tracking green fluorescent protein (GFP)-Atg8 dynamics, biofilm founder cells were also observed to undergo autophagy. Most notably, biofilm cells that had undergone autophagy were triggered into further autophagy by spinning disk confocal light. Our findings indicate that fungal biofilm formation modifies the secretory and endocytic apparatus and show that biofilm cells can also undergo autophagy that is reactivated by light. The findings provide new insights into the changes occurring in fungal biofilm cell biology that potentially impact their unique characteristics, including antifungal drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale E Lingo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Nandini Shukla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Aysha H Osmani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Stephen A Osmani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Endocytosis of nutrient transporters in fungi: The ART of connecting signaling and trafficking. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1713-1737. [PMID: 33897977 PMCID: PMC8050425 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane transporters play pivotal roles in the import of nutrients, including sugars, amino acids, nucleobases, carboxylic acids, and metal ions, that surround fungal cells. The selective removal of these transporters by endocytosis is one of the most important regulatory mechanisms that ensures a rapid adaptation of cells to the changing environment (e.g., nutrient fluctuations or different stresses). At the heart of this mechanism lies a network of proteins that includes the arrestin‐related trafficking adaptors (ARTs) which link the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5 to nutrient transporters and endocytic factors. Transporter conformational changes, as well as dynamic interactions between its cytosolic termini/loops and with lipids of the plasma membrane, are also critical during the endocytic process. Here, we review the current knowledge and recent findings on the molecular mechanisms involved in nutrient transporter endocytosis, both in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in some species of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus. We elaborate on the physiological importance of tightly regulated endocytosis for cellular fitness under dynamic conditions found in nature and highlight how further understanding and engineering of this process is essential to maximize titer, rate and yield (TRY)-values of engineered cell factories in industrial biotechnological processes.
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Key Words
- AAs, amino acids
- ACT, amino Acid/Choline Transporter
- AP, adaptor protein
- APC, amino acid-polyamine-organocation
- Arg, arginine
- Arrestins
- Arts, arrestin‐related trafficking adaptors
- Asp, aspartic acid
- Aspergilli
- Biotechnology
- C, carbon
- C-terminus, carboxyl-terminus
- Cell factories
- Conformational changes
- Cu, copper
- DUBs, deubiquitinating enzymes
- EMCs, eisosome membrane compartments
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport
- Endocytic signals
- Endocytosis
- Fe, iron
- Fungi
- GAAC, general amino acid control
- Glu, glutamic acid
- H+, proton
- IF, inward-facing
- LAT, L-type Amino acid Transporter
- LID, loop Interaction Domain
- Lys, lysine
- MCCs, membrane compartments containing the arginine permease Can1
- MCCs/eisosomes
- MCPs, membrane compartments of Pma1
- MFS, major facilitator superfamily
- MVB, multi vesicular bodies
- Met, methionine
- Metabolism
- Mn, manganese
- N, nitrogen
- N-terminus, amino-terminus
- NAT, nucleobase Ascorbate Transporter
- NCS1, nucleobase/Cation Symporter 1
- NCS2, nucleobase cation symporter family 2
- NH4+, ammonium
- Nutrient transporters
- OF, outward-facing
- PEST, proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S), and threonine (T)
- PM, plasma membrane
- PVE, prevacuolar endosome
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Signaling pathways
- Structure-function
- TGN, trans-Golgi network
- TMSs, transmembrane segments
- TORC1, target of rapamycin complex 1
- TRY, titer, rate and yield
- Trp, tryptophan
- Tyr, tyrosine
- Ub, ubiquitin
- Ubiquitylation
- VPS, vacuolar protein sorting
- W/V, weight per volume
- YAT, yeast Amino acid Transporter
- Zn, Zinc
- fAATs, fungal AA transporters
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Cabezudo I, Meini MR, Di Ponte CC, Melnichuk N, Boschetti CE, Romanini D. Soybean (Glycine max) hull valorization through the extraction of polyphenols by green alternative methods. Food Chem 2021; 338:128131. [PMID: 33091982 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is one of the greatest crops in the world, with about 348.7 million tons being produced in 2018. Soybean hull is a by-product produced during the processing of soybean to obtain flour and oil. Though not being actually exploited, it is a source of polyphenols with antioxidant activity. Here, the extraction of polyphenols from soybean hull was performed by means of an alkaline hydrolysis treatment, which was optimized by the response surface methodology. At the optimal region, a total phenolic content of 0.72 g gallic acid equivalents per 100 g of soybean hull was obtained with an antioxidant activity of 2.17 mmoles of Trolox equivalents. Polyphenols responsible for the antioxidant activities were identified by LC-MS, including phenolic acids, anthocyanins, stilbenes, and the two main isoflavones of soybean, daidzein and genistein, in their non-glycosylated form. Other alternative extraction methods based on Aspergillus oryzae fermentation and α-amylase hydrolysis are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Cabezudo
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - María-Rocío Meini
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina; Área Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carla C Di Ponte
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Natasha Melnichuk
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina; Departamento de Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carlos E Boschetti
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina; Departamento de Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Diana Romanini
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina; Departamento de Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. UNR, Rosario, Argentina.
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