1
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Mo L, Tie X, Che F, Zhang L, Li B, Wang G, Yang Y. A Novel Homozygous Deletion Including Exon 1 of FA2H Gene Causes Spastic Paraplegia-35: Genetic and Lipidomics Analysis of the Patients. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 152:200-208. [PMID: 38306901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) is encoded by the FA2H gene, with mutations therein leading to the neurodegenerative condition, spastic paraplegia-35 (SPG35). We aim to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of a nonconsanguineous Chinese family diagnosed with SPG35 by examining the clinical manifestations, scrutinizing genetic variants, and establishing the role of FA2H mutation in lipid metabolism. METHODS Using next-generation sequencing analysis to identify the pathogenic gene in this pedigree and family cosegregation verification. The use of lipidomics of patient pedigree peripheral blood mononuclear cells further substantiated alterations in lipid metabolism attributable to the FA2H exon 1 deletion. RESULTS The proband exhibited gait disturbance from age 5 years; he developed further clinical manifestations such as scissor gait and dystonia. His younger sister also presented with a spastic gait from the same age. We identified a homozygous deletion in the region of FA2H exon 1, spanning from chr16:74807867 to chr16: 74810391 in the patients. Lipidomic analysis revealed significant differences in 102 metabolites compared with healthy controls, with 62 metabolites increased and 40 metabolites decreased. We specifically zeroed in on 19 different sphingolipid metabolites, which comprised ceramides, ganglioside, etc., with only three of these sphingolipids previously reported. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study of lipid metabolism in the blood of patients with SPG35. The results broaden our understanding of the SPG35 gene spectrum, offering insights for future molecular mechanism research and laying groundwork for determining metabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidangzhi Mo
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoling Tie
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengyu Che
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Liyu Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Benchang Li
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoxia Wang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
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2
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German A, Jukic J, Laner A, Arnold P, Socher E, Mennecke A, Schmidt MA, Winkler J, Abicht A, Regensburger M. Novel Homozygous FA2H Variant Causing the Full Spectrum of Fatty Acid Hydroxylase-Associated Neurodegeneration (SPG35). Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:14. [PMID: 38275596 PMCID: PMC10815826 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN/SPG35) is caused by pathogenic variants in FA2H and has been linked to a continuum of specific motor and non-motor neurological symptoms, leading to progressive disability. As an ultra-rare disease, its mutational spectrum has not been fully elucidated. Here, we present the prototypical workup of a novel FA2H variant, including clinical and in silico validation. An 18-year-old male patient presented with a history of childhood-onset progressive cognitive impairment, as well as progressive gait disturbance and lower extremity muscle cramps from the age of 15. Additional symptoms included exotropia, dystonia, and limb ataxia. Trio exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous c.75C>G (p.Cys25Trp) missense variant in the FA2H gene, which was located in the cytochrome b5 heme-binding domain. Evolutionary conservation, prediction models, and structural protein modeling indicated a pathogenic loss of function. Brain imaging showed characteristic features, thus fulfilling the complete multisystem neurodegenerative phenotype of FAHN/SPG35. In summary, we here present a novel FA2H variant and provide prototypical clinical findings and structural analyses underpinning its pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander German
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jelena Jukic
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Laner
- MGZ—Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, 80335 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eileen Socher
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelika Mennecke
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel A. Schmidt
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angela Abicht
- MGZ—Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, 80335 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Regensburger
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Hülsmeier AJ, Toelle SP, Bellstedt P, Wentzel C, Bahr A, Kolokotronis K, Hornemann T. The atypical sphingolipid SPB 18:1(14Z);O2 is a biomarker for DEGS1 related hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100464. [PMID: 37890668 PMCID: PMC10696257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SL) represent a structurally diverse class of lipids that are central to cellular physiology and neuronal development and function. Defects in the sphingolipid metabolism are typically associated with nervous system disorders. The C4-dihydroceramide desaturase (DEGS1) catalyzes the conversion of dihydroceramide to ceramide, the final step in the SL de-novo synthesis. Loss of function mutations in DEGS1 cause a hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, which is associated with increased plasma dihydrosphingolipids (dhSL) and with the formation of an atypical SPB 18:1(14Z);O2 metabolite. Here, we characterize two novel DEGS1 variants of unknown significance (VUS), provide a structural model with a predicted substrate binding site, and propose a regulatory link between DEGS1 and fatty acid desaturase 3 (FADS3). Both VUS involve single amino acid substitutions near the C-terminus within conserved regions of the enzyme. Patient 1 (p.R311K variant) shows severe progressive tetraspasticity, intellectual disability, and epilepsy in combination with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, typical for DEGS1-related leukodystrophy. Patient 2 (p.G270E variant) presents with delayed psychomotor development, oculomotor apraxia, and a normal brain MRI. Plasma from the p.R311K carrier showed a significantly elevated dhSL species and the presence of SPB 18:1(14Z);O2, while the plasma SL profile for the p.G270E variant was not altered. This suggests the p.R331K variant is pathogenic, while the p.G270E appears benign. As an increase in dihydroSL species is also seen in other pathological disorders of the SL metabolism, the SPB 18:1(14Z);O2 seems to be a more specific biomarker to discriminate between pathogenic and benign DEGS1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J Hülsmeier
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sandra P Toelle
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bellstedt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wentzel
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Oncological and Neurological Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Angela Bahr
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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4
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Rashed HR, Niu Z, Dyck PJ, Dyck PJB, Mauermann ML, Berini SE, Dubey D, Mills JR, Staff NP, Wu Y, Spinner RE, Dasari S, Klein CJ. Nerve transcriptomes in autoimmune and genetic demyelinating neuropathies: Pathogenic pathway assessment of nerve demyelination. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 384:578220. [PMID: 37857228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelinating neuropathies is poorly understood compared to inherited demyelinating forms. We performed whole transcriptome (RNA-Seq) using nerve biopsy tissues of patients with different autoimmune and inherited demyelinating neuropathies (CIDP n = 10, POEMS n = 18, DADS n = 3, CMT1 n = 3) versus healthy controls (n = 6). A limited number of differentially expressed genes compared to healthy controls were identified (POEMS = 125, DADS = 15, CMT = 14, CIDP = 5). Divergent pathogenic pathways including inflammatory, demyelinating and neurite regeneration such as with the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM1) part of the immunoglobulin superfamily and RhoGD1 are found. Shared and discordant pathogenic injury are discovered between autoimmune and inherited forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah R Rashed
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Zhiyv Niu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Peter J Dyck
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - P James B Dyck
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Michelle L Mauermann
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Sarah E Berini
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Divyanshu Dubey
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - John R Mills
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Nathan P Staff
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Yanhong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Robert E Spinner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Christopher J Klein
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
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5
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Shing K, Sapp E, Boudi A, Liu S, Seeley C, Marchionini D, DiFiglia M, Kegel-Gleason KB. Early whole-body mutant huntingtin lowering averts changes in proteins and lipids important for synapse function and white matter maintenance in the LacQ140 mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 187:106313. [PMID: 37777020 PMCID: PMC10731584 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansion of a triplet repeat tract in exon 1 of the HTT gene causes Huntington's disease (HD). The mutant HTT protein (mHTT) has numerous aberrant interactions with diverse, pleiomorphic effects. Lowering mHTT is a promising approach to treat HD, but it is unclear when lowering should be initiated, how much is necessary, and what duration should occur to achieve benefits. Furthermore, the effects of mHTT lowering on brain lipids have not been assessed. Using a mHtt-inducible mouse model, we analyzed mHtt lowering initiated at different ages and sustained for different time-periods. mHTT protein in cytoplasmic and synaptic compartments of the striatum was reduced 38-52%; however, there was minimal lowering of mHTT in nuclear and perinuclear regions where aggregates formed at 12 months of age. Total striatal lipids were reduced in 9-month-old LacQ140 mice and preserved by mHtt lowering. Subclasses important for white matter structure and function including ceramide (Cer), sphingomyelin (SM), and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), contributed to the reduction in total lipids. Phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), and bismethyl phosphatidic acid (BisMePA) were also changed in LacQ140 mice. Levels of all subclasses except ceramide were preserved by mHtt lowering. mRNA expression profiling indicated that a transcriptional mechanism contributes to changes in myelin lipids, and some but not all changes can be prevented by mHtt lowering. Our findings suggest that early and sustained reduction in mHtt can prevent changes in levels of select striatal proteins and most lipids, but a misfolded, degradation-resistant form of mHTT hampers some benefits in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shing
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ellen Sapp
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Adel Boudi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sophia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Connor Seeley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Marian DiFiglia
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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6
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Kaya I, Nilsson A, Luptáková D, He Y, Vallianatou T, Bjärterot P, Svenningsson P, Bezard E, Andrén PE. Spatial lipidomics reveals brain region-specific changes of sulfatides in an experimental MPTP Parkinson's disease primate model. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:118. [PMID: 37495571 PMCID: PMC10372136 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) to the neurotoxin MPP+ in the brain causes permanent Parkinson's disease-like symptoms by destroying dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra in humans and non-human primates. However, the complete molecular pathology underlying MPTP-induced parkinsonism remains poorly understood. We used dual polarity matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging to thoroughly image numerous glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids in coronal brain tissue sections of MPTP-lesioned and control non-human primate brains (Macaca mulatta). The results revealed specific distributions of several sulfatide lipid molecules based on chain-length, number of double bonds, and importantly, hydroxylation stage. More specifically, certain long-chain hydroxylated sulfatides with polyunsaturated chains in the molecular structure were depleted within motor-related brain regions in the MPTP-lesioned animals, e.g., external and internal segments of globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata. In contrast, certain long-chain non-hydroxylated sulfatides were found to be elevated within the same brain regions. These findings demonstrate region-specific dysregulation of sulfatide metabolism within the MPTP-lesioned macaque brain. The depletion of long-chain hydroxylated sulfatides in the MPTP-induced pathology indicates oxidative stress and oligodendrocyte/myelin damage within the pathologically relevant brain regions. Hence, the presented findings improve our current understanding of the molecular pathology of MPTP-induced parkinsonism within primate brains, and provide a basis for further research regarding the role of dysregulated sulfatide metabolism in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Kaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dominika Luptáková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yachao He
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theodosia Vallianatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Bjärterot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erwan Bezard
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Per E Andrén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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7
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Shing K, Sapp E, Boudi A, Liu S, Seeley C, Marchionini D, DiFiglia M, Kegel-Gleason KB. Early whole-body mutant huntingtin lowering averts changes in proteins and lipids important for synapse function and white matter maintenance in the LacQ140 mouse model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.26.525697. [PMID: 36747614 PMCID: PMC9900921 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Expansion of a triplet repeat tract in exon1 of the HTT gene causes Huntington's disease (HD). The mutant HTT protein (mHTT) has numerous aberrant interactions with diverse, pleiomorphic effects. No disease modifying treatments exist but lowering mutant huntingtin (mHTT) by gene therapy is a promising approach to treat Huntington's disease (HD). It is not clear when lowering should be initiated, how much lowering is necessary and for what duration lowering should occur to achieve benefits. Furthermore, the effects of mHTT lowering on brain lipids have not been assessed. Using a mHtt-inducible mouse model we analyzed whole body mHtt lowering initiated at different ages and sustained for different time-periods. Subcellular fractionation (density gradient ultracentrifugation), protein chemistry (gel filtration, western blot, and capillary electrophoresis immunoassay), liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of lipids, and bioinformatic approaches were used to test effects of mHTT transcriptional lowering. mHTT protein in cytoplasmic and synaptic compartments of the caudate putamen, which is most affected in HD, was reduced 38-52%. Little or no lowering of mHTT occurred in nuclear and perinuclear regions where aggregates formed at 12 months of age. mHtt transcript repression partially or fully preserved select striatal proteins (SCN4B, PDE10A). Total lipids in striatum were reduced in LacQ140 mice at 9 months and preserved by early partial mHtt lowering. The reduction in total lipids was due in part to reductions in subclasses of ceramide (Cer), sphingomyelin (SM), and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), which are known to be important for white matter structure and function. Lipid subclasses phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), and bismethyl phosphatidic acid (BisMePA) were also changed in LacQ140 mice. Levels of all subclasses other than ceramide were preserved by early mHtt lowering. Pathway enrichment analysis of RNAseq data imply a transcriptional mechanism is responsible in part for changes in myelin lipids, and some but not all changes can be rescued by mHTT lowering. Our findings suggest that early and sustained reduction in mHtt can prevent changes in levels of select striatal proteins and most lipids but a misfolded, degradation-resistant form of mHTT hampers some benefits in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shing
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Ellen Sapp
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Adel Boudi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Sophia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Connor Seeley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | | | - Marian DiFiglia
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
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8
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Fatty Acid 2-Hydroxylase and 2-Hydroxylated Sphingolipids: Metabolism and Function in Health and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054908. [PMID: 36902339 PMCID: PMC10002949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids containing acyl residues that are hydroxylated at C-2 are found in most, if not all, eukaryotes and certain bacteria. 2-hydroxylated sphingolipids are present in many organs and cell types, though they are especially abundant in myelin and skin. The enzyme fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) is involved in the synthesis of many but not all 2-hydroxylated sphingolipids. Deficiency in FA2H causes a neurodegenerative disease known as hereditary spastic paraplegia 35 (HSP35/SPG35) or fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN). FA2H likely also plays a role in other diseases. A low expression level of FA2H correlates with a poor prognosis in many cancers. This review presents an updated overview of the metabolism and function of 2-hydroxylated sphingolipids and the FA2H enzyme under physiological conditions and in diseases.
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9
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Wang J, Fang F, Ding C, Li J, Wu Y, Zhang W, Bao X, Lv J, Wang X, Ren X, Wang H. Clinical and genetic spectrum of hereditary spastic paraplegia in Chinese children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:416-423. [PMID: 36109173 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the clinical and genetic spectrum of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) in Chinese children. METHOD This retrospective study was conducted between January 2014 and October 2021 in children clinically diagnosed with either pure HSP (pHSP) or complex HSP (cHSP). RESULTS We investigated 45 children (32 males, 13 females; mean age [SD] at symptom onset 4 years [7 months]). clinically diagnosed with HSP and identified genetic causes in 35 patients. Most patients with autosomal dominant HSP had pHSP (16/18), whereas most patients with autosomal recessive HSP tended to have cHSP (14/16). SPG11 was the most common autosomal recessive subtype, followed by FA2H/SPG35, whereas SPAST/SPG4 was the most frequent cause of autosomal dominant HSP. Two patients with CPT1C mutations presented with a complex phenotype. Meanwhile, 10 patients were found to have likely pathogenic variants/variants of uncertain clinical significance in six genes related to HSP. INTERPRETATION SPG11 and SPG4 were the most frequent subtypes in Chinese children with autosomal recessive HSP and autosomal dominant HSP. However, the prevalence of SPG4 was much lower than that in adults, which might be explained by the late onset of the disease. On the other hand, FA2H/SPG35 was common in our cohort, while it contributed to only a small proportion of adult cases, which might be explained by its rapid progression and early death in some patients. We also expanded the genetic and clinical spectra of SPG73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changhong Ding
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuwei Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Bao
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junlan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotun Ren
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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11
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Tovey Crutchfield EC, Garnish SE, Day J, Anderton H, Chiou S, Hempel A, Hall C, Patel KM, Gangatirkar P, Martin KR, Li Wai Suen CSN, Garnham AL, Kueh AJ, Wicks IP, Silke J, Nachbur U, Samson AL, Murphy JM, Hildebrand JM. MLKL deficiency protects against low-grade, sterile inflammation in aged mice. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1059-1071. [PMID: 36755069 PMCID: PMC10070424 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MLKL and RIPK3 are the core signaling proteins of the inflammatory cell death pathway, necroptosis, which is a known mediator and modifier of human disease. Necroptosis has been implicated in the progression of disease in almost every physiological system and recent reports suggest a role for necroptosis in aging. Here, we present the first comprehensive analysis of age-related histopathological and immunological phenotypes in a cohort of Mlkl-/- and Ripk3-/- mice on a congenic C57BL/6 J genetic background. We show that genetic deletion of Mlkl in female mice interrupts immune system aging, specifically delaying the age-related reduction of circulating lymphocytes. -Seventeen-month-old Mlkl-/- female mice were also protected against age-related chronic sterile inflammation in connective tissue and skeletal muscle relative to wild-type littermate controls, exhibiting a reduced number of immune cell infiltrates in these sites and fewer regenerating myocytes. These observations implicate MLKL in age-related sterile inflammation, suggesting a possible application for long-term anti-necroptotic therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Tovey Crutchfield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah E Garnish
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Day
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Royal Melbourne Hospital, Rheumatology Unit, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Holly Anderton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shene Chiou
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne Hempel
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathrine Hall
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Komal M Patel
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Katherine R Martin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Andrew J Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian P Wicks
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Royal Melbourne Hospital, Rheumatology Unit, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ueli Nachbur
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andre L Samson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Barnes-Vélez JA, Aksoy Yasar FB, Hu J. Myelin lipid metabolism and its role in myelination and myelin maintenance. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100360. [PMID: 36588745 PMCID: PMC9800635 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a specialized cell membrane indispensable for rapid nerve conduction. The high abundance of membrane lipids is one of myelin's salient features that contribute to its unique role as an insulator that electrically isolates nerve fibers across their myelinated surface. The most abundant lipids in myelin include cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and plasmalogens, each playing critical roles in myelin development as well as function. This review serves to summarize the role of lipid metabolism in myelination and myelin maintenance, as well as the molecular determinants of myelin lipid homeostasis, with an emphasis on findings from genetic models. In addition, the implications of myelin lipid dysmetabolism in human diseases are highlighted in the context of hereditary leukodystrophies and neuropathies as well as acquired disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Barnes-Vélez
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA
| | - Fatma Betul Aksoy Yasar
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
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13
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Mandik F, Kanana Y, Rody J, Misera S, Wilken B, Laabs von Holt BH, Klein C, Vos M. A new model for fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration reveals mitochondrial and autophagy abnormalities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1000553. [PMID: 36589738 PMCID: PMC9794614 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN) is a rare disease that exhibits brain modifications and motor dysfunctions in early childhood. The condition is caused by a homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in fatty acid 2 hydroxylase (FA2H), whose encoded protein synthesizes 2-hydroxysphingolipids and 2-hydroxyglycosphingolipids and is therefore involved in sphingolipid metabolism. A few FAHN model organisms have already been established and give the first insight into symptomatic effects. However, they fail to establish the underlying cellular mechanism of FAHN so far. Drosophila is an excellent model for many neurodegenerative disorders; hence, here, we have characterized and validated the first FAHN Drosophila model. The investigation of loss of dfa2h lines revealed behavioral abnormalities, including motor impairment and flying disability, in addition to a shortened lifespan. Furthermore, alterations in mitochondrial dynamics, and autophagy were identified. Analyses of patient-derived fibroblasts, and rescue experiments with human FA2H, indicated that these defects are evolutionarily conserved. We thus present a FAHN Drosophila model organism that provides new insights into the cellular mechanism of FAHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Mandik
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, UKSH, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Yuliia Kanana
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, UKSH, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Jost Rody
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, UKSH, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Sophie Misera
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, UKSH, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Bernd Wilken
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, UKSH, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Melissa Vos
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, UKSH, Luebeck, Germany,*Correspondence: Melissa Vos,
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14
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Watanabe T, Suzuki A, Ohira S, Go S, Ishizuka Y, Moriya T, Miyaji Y, Nakatsuka T, Hirata K, Nagai A, Matsuda J. The Urinary Bladder is Rich in Glycosphingolipids Composed of Phytoceramides. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100303. [PMID: 36441023 PMCID: PMC9708920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are composed of a polar glycan chain and a hydrophobic tail known as ceramide. Together with variation in the glycan chain, ceramides exhibit tissue-specific structural variation in the long-chain base (LCB) and N-acyl chain moieties in terms of carbon chain length, degree of desaturation, and hydroxylation. Here, we report the structural variation in GSLs in the urinary bladders of mice and humans. Using TLC, we showed that the major GSLs are hexosylceramide, lactosylceramide, globotriaosylceramide, globotetraosylceramide, Neu5Ac-Gal-Glc-Ceramide, and Neu5Ac-Neu5Ac-Gal-Glc-Ceramide. Our LC-MS analysis indicated that phytoceramide structures with a 20-carbon LCB (4-hydroxyeicosasphinganine) and 2-hydroxy fatty acids are abundant in hexosylceramide and Neu5Ac-Gal-Glc-Ceramide in mice and humans. In addition, quantitative PCR demonstrated that DES2 and FA2H, which are responsible for the generation of 4-hydroxysphinganine and 2-hydroxy fatty acid, respectively, and SPTLC3 and SPTSSB, which are responsible for the generation of 20-carbon LCBs, showed significant expressions in the epithelial layer than in the subepithelial layer. Immunohistochemically, dihydroceramide:sphinganine C4-hydroxylase (DES2) was expressed exclusively in urothelial cells of the urinary bladder. Our findings suggest that these ceramide structures have an impact on membrane properties of the stretching and shrinking in transitional urothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akemi Suzuki
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shin Ohira
- Department of Urology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinji Go
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuta Ishizuka
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Moriya
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Miyaji
- Department of Urology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tota Nakatsuka
- Department of Urology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keita Hirata
- Department of Urology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Department of Urology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Junko Matsuda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan,For correspondence: Junko Matsuda
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15
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Khan A, Tian S, Tariq M, Khan S, Safeer M, Ullah N, Akbar N, Javed I, Asif M, Ahmad I, Ullah S, Satti HS, Khan R, Naeem M, Ali M, Rendu J, Fauré J, Dieterich K, Latypova X, Baig SM, Malik NA, Zhang F, Khan TN, Liu C. NGS-driven molecular diagnosis of heterogeneous hereditary neurological disorders reveals novel and known variants in disease-causing genes. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1601-1613. [PMID: 36002593 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary neurological disorders (HNDs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders. These disorders arise from the impaired function of the central or peripheral nervous system due to aberrant electrical impulses. More than 600 various neurological disorders, exhibiting a wide spectrum of overlapping clinical presentations depending on the organ(s) involved, have been documented. Owing to this clinical heterogeneity, diagnosing these disorders has been a challenge for both clinicians and geneticists and a large number of patients are either misdiagnosed or remain entirely undiagnosed. Contribution of genetics to neurological disorders has been recognized since long; however, the complete picture of the underlying molecular bases are under-explored. The aim of this study was to accurately diagnose 11 unrelated Pakistani families with various HNDs deploying NGS as a first step approach. Using exome sequencing and gene panel sequencing, we successfully identified disease-causing genomic variants these families. We report four novel variants, one each in, ECEL1, NALCN, TBR1 and PIGP in four of the pedigrees. In the rest of the seven families, we found five previously reported pathogenic variants in POGZ, FA2H, PLA2G6 and CYP27A1. Of these, three families segregate a homozygous 18 bp in-frame deletion of FA2H, indicating a likely founder mutation segregating in Pakistani population. Genotyping for this mutation can help low-cost population wide screening in the corresponding regions of the country. Our findings not only expand the existing repertoire of mutational spectrum underlying neurological disorders but will also help in genetic testing of individuals with HNDs in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shixiong Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Safeer
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Naimat Ullah
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Akbar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Iram Javed
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Asif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ilyas Ahmad
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Shahid Ullah
- Department of General Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, 2500, Pakistan
| | - Humayoon Shafique Satti
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Raees Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan.,NUMS Institute of Advance Studies and Research, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan.,NUMS Institute of Advance Studies and Research, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - John Rendu
- Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Fauré
- Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Klaus Dieterich
- Inserm, U1209, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Advanced Biosciences, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Xenia Latypova
- Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Science Foundation, Constitution Avenue, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Altaf Malik
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Feng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Tahir Naeem Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan. .,NUMS Institute of Advance Studies and Research, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan. .,Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Lurie Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States.
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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16
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Zhao J, Zhang H, Fan X, Yu X, Huai J. Lipid Dyshomeostasis and Inherited Cerebellar Ataxia. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3800-3828. [PMID: 35420383 PMCID: PMC9148275 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a form of ataxia that originates from dysfunction of the cerebellum, but may involve additional neurological tissues. Its clinical symptoms are mainly characterized by the absence of voluntary muscle coordination and loss of control of movement with varying manifestations due to differences in severity, in the site of cerebellar damage and in the involvement of extracerebellar tissues. Cerebellar ataxia may be sporadic, acquired, and hereditary. Hereditary ataxia accounts for the majority of cases. Hereditary ataxia has been tentatively divided into several subtypes by scientists in the field, and nearly all of them remain incurable. This is mainly because the detailed mechanisms of these cerebellar disorders are incompletely understood. To precisely diagnose and treat these diseases, studies on their molecular mechanisms have been conducted extensively in the past. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that some common pathogenic mechanisms exist within each subtype of inherited ataxia. However, no reports have indicated whether there is a common mechanism among the different subtypes of inherited cerebellar ataxia. In this review, we summarize the available references and databases on neurological disorders characterized by cerebellar ataxia and show that a subset of genes involved in lipid homeostasis form a new group that may cause ataxic disorders through a common mechanism. This common signaling pathway can provide a valuable reference for future diagnosis and treatment of ataxic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xueyu Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xue Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jisen Huai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, China.
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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17
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Molecular Characterization of Portuguese Patients with Hereditary Cerebellar Ataxia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060981. [PMID: 35326432 PMCID: PMC8946949 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cerebellar ataxia (HCA) comprises a clinical and genetic heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by incoordination of movement, speech, and unsteady gait. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 19 families with HCA and presumed autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance, to identify the causal genes. A phenotypic classification was performed, considering the main clinical syndromes: spastic ataxia, ataxia and neuropathy, ataxia and oculomotor apraxia (AOA), ataxia and dystonia, and ataxia with cognitive impairment. The most frequent causal genes were associated with spastic ataxia (SACS and KIF1C) and with ataxia and neuropathy or AOA (PNKP). We also identified three families with autosomal dominant (AD) forms arising from de novo variants in KIF1A, CACNA1A, or ATP1A3, reinforcing the importance of differential diagnosis (AR vs. AD forms) in families with only one affected member. Moreover, 10 novel causal-variants were identified, and the detrimental effect of two splice-site variants confirmed through functional assays. Finally, by reviewing the molecular mechanisms, we speculated that regulation of cytoskeleton function might be impaired in spastic ataxia, whereas DNA repair is clearly associated with AOA. In conclusion, our study provided a genetic diagnosis for HCA families and proposed common molecular pathways underlying cerebellar neurodegeneration.
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18
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Identification of novel mutations by targeted NGS in Moroccan families clinically diagnosed with a neuromuscular disorder. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 524:51-58. [PMID: 34852264 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The identification of underlying genes of genetic conditions has expanded greatly in the past decades, which has broadened the field of genes responsible for inherited neuromuscular diseases. We aimed to investigate mutations associated with neuromuscular disorders phenotypes in 2 Moroccan families. MATERIAL AND METHODS Next-generation sequencing combined with Sanger sequencing could assist with understanding the hereditary variety and underlying disease mechanisms in these disorders. RESULTS Two novel homozygous mutations were described in this study. The SIL1 mutation is the first identified in the Moroccan population, the mutation was identified as the main cause of Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome in one patient. While the second mutation identified in the fatty acid 2-hydroxylase gene (FA2H) was associated with the Spastic paraplegia 35 in another patient, both transmitted in an autosomal recessive pattern. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These conditions are extremely rare in the North African population and may be underdiagnosed due to overlapping clinical characteristics and heterogeneity of these diseases. We have reported in this study mutations associated with the diseases found in the patients. In addition, we have narrowed the phenotypic spectrum, as well as the diagnostic orientation of patients with neuromuscular disorders, who might have very similar symptoms to other disease groups.
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19
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Elsayed LEO, Eltazi IZ, Ahmed AE, Stevanin G. Insights into Clinical, Genetic, and Pathological Aspects of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias: A Comprehensive Overview. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:690899. [PMID: 34901147 PMCID: PMC8662366 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.690899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are a heterogeneous group of motor neurodegenerative disorders that have the core clinical presentation of pyramidal syndrome which starts typically in the lower limbs. They can present as pure or complex forms with all classical modes of monogenic inheritance reported. To date, there are more than 100 loci/88 spastic paraplegia genes (SPG) involved in the pathogenesis of HSP. New patterns of inheritance are being increasingly identified in this era of huge advances in genetic and functional studies. A wide range of clinical symptoms and signs are now reported to complicate HSP with increasing overall complexity of the clinical presentations considered as HSP. This is especially true with the emergence of multiple HSP phenotypes that are situated in the borderline zone with other neurogenetic disorders. The genetic diagnostic approaches and the utilized techniques leave a diagnostic gap of 25% in the best studies. In this review, we summarize the known types of HSP with special focus on those in which spasticity is the principal clinical phenotype ("SPGn" designation). We discuss their modes of inheritance, clinical phenotypes, underlying genetics, and molecular pathways, providing some observations about therapeutic opportunities gained from animal models and functional studies. This review may pave the way for more analytic approaches that take into consideration the overall picture of HSP. It will shed light on subtle associations that can explain the occurrence of the disease and allow a better understanding of its observed variations. This should help in the identification of future biomarkers, predictors of disease onset and progression, and treatments for both better functional outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liena E. O. Elsayed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University [PNU], Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Ammar E. Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Paris, France
- CNRS, INCIA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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20
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Jacinto JGP, Häfliger IM, Veiga IMB, Letko A, Gentile A, Drögemüller C. A frameshift insertion in FA2H causes a recessively inherited form of ichthyosis congenita in Chianina cattle. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 296:1313-1322. [PMID: 34599683 PMCID: PMC8550120 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01824-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype and to identify the genetic etiology of a syndromic form of ichthyosis congenita (IC) observed in Italian Chianina cattle and to estimate the prevalence of the deleterious allele in the population. Sporadic occurrence of different forms of ichthyosis including IC have been previously reported in cattle. However, so far, no causative genetic variant has been found for bovine IC. Nine affected cattle presenting congenital xerosis, hyperkeratosis and scaling of the skin as well as urolithiasis and cystitis associated with retarded growth were examined. Skin histopathology revealed a severe, diffuse orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis with mild to moderate epidermal hyperplasia. The pedigree records indicated a monogenic recessive trait. Homozygosity mapping and whole-genome sequencing allowed the identification of a homozygous frameshift 1 bp insertion in the FA2H gene (c.9dupC; p.Ala4ArgfsTer142) located in a 1.92 Mb shared identical-by-descent region on chromosome 18 present in all cases, while the parents were heterozygous as expected for obligate carriers. These findings enable the selection against this sub-lethal allele showing an estimated frequency of ~ 7.5% in Chianina top sires. A sporadic incidence of mild clinical signs in the skin of heterozygous carriers was observed. So far, pathogenic variants affecting the encoded fatty acid 2-hydroxylase catalyzing the synthesis of 2-hydroxysphingolipids have been associated with myelin disorders. In conclusion, this study represents the first report of an FA2H-related autosomal recessive inherited skin disorder in a mammalian species and adds FA2H to the list of candidate genes for ichthyosis in humans and animals. Furthermore, this study provides a DNA-based diagnostic test that enables selection against the identified pathogenic variant in the Chianina cattle population. However, functional studies are needed to better understand the expression of FA2H in IC-affected Chianina cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana G. P. Jacinto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irene M. Häfliger
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inês M. B. Veiga
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Letko
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arcangelo Gentile
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Blomqvist M, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Månsson JE. Sulfatide in health and disease. The evaluation of sulfatide in cerebrospinal fluid as a possible biomarker for neurodegeneration. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 116:103670. [PMID: 34562592 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfatide (3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide, SM4) is a glycosphingolipid, highly multifunctional and particularly enriched in the myelin sheath of neurons. The role of sulfatide has been implicated in various biological fields such as the nervous system, immune system, host-pathogen recognition and infection, beta cell function and haemostasis/thrombosis. Thus, alterations in sulfatide metabolism and production are associated with several human diseases such as neurological and immunological disorders and cancers. The unique lipid-rich composition of myelin reflects the importance of lipids in this specific membrane structure. Sulfatide has been shown to be involved in the regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and in the maintenance of the myelin sheath by influencing membrane dynamics involving sorting and lateral assembly of myelin proteins as well as ion channels. Sulfatide is furthermore essential for proper formation of the axo-glial junctions at the paranode together with axonal glycosphingolipids. Alterations in sulfatide metabolism are suggested to contribute to myelin deterioration as well as synaptic dysfunction, neurological decline and inflammation observed in different conditions associated with myelin pathology (mouse models and human disorders). Body fluid biomarkers are of importance for clinical diagnostics as well as for patient stratification in clinical trials and treatment monitoring. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is commonly used as an indirect measure of brain metabolism and analysis of CSF sulfatide might provide information regarding whether the lipid disruption observed in neurodegenerative disorders is reflected in this body fluid. In this review, we evaluate the diagnostic utility of CSF sulfatide as a biomarker for neurodegenerative disorders associated with dysmyelination/demyelination by summarising the current literature on this topic. We can conclude that neither CSF sulfatide levels nor individual sulfatide species consistently reflect the lipid disruption observed in many of the demyelinating disorders. One exception is the lysosomal storage disorder metachromatic leukodystrophy, possibly due to the genetically determined accumulation of non-metabolised sulfatide. We also discuss possible explanations as to why myelin pathology in brain tissue is poorly reflected by the CSF sulfatide concentration. The previous suggestion that CSF sulfatide is a marker of myelin damage has thereby been challenged by more recent studies using more sophisticated laboratory techniques for sulfatide analysis as well as improved sample selection criteria due to increased knowledge on disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Blomqvist
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jan-Eric Månsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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22
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Two novel biallelic variants in
TECPR2
and
FA2H
genes causing complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia in Iranian families from Lur ethnicity: Case series. Clin Case Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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23
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Bushueva OO, Antipenko EA. [Update on the etiology and pathogenesis of muscle dystonia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:127-133. [PMID: 34037366 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2021121041127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscle dystonia is one of the most common extrapyramidal diseases and is the third most common after essential tremor and Parkinson's disease. The introduction of diagnostic methods expanded the understanding of the genetic basis of muscle dystonia and neurophysiological mechanisms of dystonic phenomena. However, the questions of the etiology and pathogenesis of dystonia still remain the subject of close interest of researchers. The review provides up-to-date information about the etiology and pathogenesis of muscle dystonia. Recent changes in the genetic nomenclature of dystonia are described. Modern ideas about the pathogenetic significance of such mechanisms as abnormalities of neural inhibition, disturbances of sensorimotor integration, and abnormalities of neural plasticity are considered. Recent research data support the concept of systemic sensorimotor disintegration, including not only basal ganglia dysfunction, but also motor network disorders involving the cerebellum, cortex, midbrain, thalamus and other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Bushueva
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,City Hospital N 33, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E A Antipenko
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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24
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Hardt R, Jordans S, Winter D, Gieselmann V, Wang-Eckhardt L, Eckhardt M. Decreased turnover of the CNS myelin protein Opalin in a mouse model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 35. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3616-3630. [PMID: 33215680 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spastic paraplegia 35 (SPG35) (OMIM: 612319) or fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN) is caused by deficiency of fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H). This enzyme synthesizes sphingolipids containing 2-hydroxylated fatty acids, which are particularly abundant in myelin. Fa2h-deficient (Fa2h-/-) mice develop symptoms reminiscent of the human disease and therefore serve as animal model of SPG35. In order to understand further the pathogenesis of SPG35, we compared the proteome of purified CNS myelin isolated from wild type and Fa2h-/- mice at different time points of disease progression using tandem mass tag labeling. Data analysis with a focus on myelin membrane proteins revealed a significant increase of the oligodendrocytic myelin paranodal and inner loop protein (Opalin) in Fa2h-/- mice, whereas the concentration of other major myelin proteins was not significantly changed. Western blot analysis revealed an almost 6-fold increase of Opalin in myelin of Fa2h-/- mice aged 21-23 months. A concurrent unaltered Opalin gene expression suggested a decreased turnover of the Opalin protein in Fa2h-/- mice. Supporting this hypothesis, Opalin protein half-life was reduced significantly when expressed in CHO cells synthesizing 2-hydroxylated sulfatide, compared to cells synthesizing only non-hydroxylated sulfatide. Degradation of Opalin was inhibited by inhibitors of lysosomal degradation but unaffected by proteasome inhibitors. Taken together, these results reveal a new function of 2-hydroxylated sphingolipids namely affecting the turnover of a myelin membrane protein. This may play a role in the pathogenesis of SPG35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Silvia Jordans
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Volkmar Gieselmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Lihua Wang-Eckhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Matthias Eckhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
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25
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Qi T, Wu D, Duan Z, Chen C, Qiu J, Kang J. Overexpression of Fatty Acid 2-Hydroxylase is Associated with an Increased Sensitivity to Cisplatin by Ovarian Cancer and Better Prognoses. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:632-640. [PMID: 33064010 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent discoveries indicate that the enzyme fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) is associated with biological behavior and can be used for outcome prediction in several types of cancers. Such relevancy, however, between FA2H and ovarian cancer is not clear. Therefore, we carried out this study to compare the expression of FA2H with the clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer. Methods: Using the Oncomine database, we examined the expression levels of the FA2H gene in ovarian cancer tissues and their adjacent noncancerous tissues that had been evaluated by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. We performed Kaplan-Meier curve analyses for overall survival and progression-free survival. In addition, relationships between the FA2H expression levels and clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer were analyzed. Finally, FA2H small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or negative control siRNAs were separately transfected into OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells to explore the downstream effects. From these results, Gli1 expression was tested by real-time PCR, and the effects of FA2H expression levels on the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin chemotherapy was evaluated using sulforhodamine B assays. Results: Compared with the adjacent tissues, FA2H was expressed at lower levels in the ovarian cancer tissues. In survival analyses, decreased FA2H was significantly associated with poorer survival outcome in multiple subtypes of ovarian cancer. In addition, FA2H expression was significantly associated with Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique (FIGO) stage, differentiation, lymph node involvement, tumor size, ascites, CA125 levels, and pelvic involvement. Knockdown of FA2H expression by siRNAs in the OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cell lines reduced their sensitivity to cisplatin, via modulation of GLI Family Zinc Finger 1 (Gli1) gene expression. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that FA2H is a biomarker for ovarian cancer and it may serve as a useful prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipei Duan
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Nantong Tongzhou People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Jia Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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26
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Montani L. Lipids in regulating oligodendrocyte structure and function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:114-122. [PMID: 32912639 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes enwrap central nervous system axons with myelin, a lipid enriched highly organized multi-layer membrane structure that allows for fast long-distance saltatory conduction of neuronal impulses. Myelin has an extremely high lipid content (∼80 % of its dry weight) and a peculiar lipid composition, with a 2:2:1 cholesterol:phospholipid:glycolipid ratio. Inherited neurodegenerative diseases of the lipids (caused by mutations in lipogenic enzymes) often present oligodendrocyte and/or myelin defects which contribute to the overall disease pathophysiology. These phenomena triggered an increasing number of studies over the functions lipid exert to shape and maintain myelin, and brought to the finding that lipids are more than only structural building blocks. They act as signaling molecules to drive proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, as well as proliferation of premyelinating oligodendrocytes, and their maturation into myelinating ones. Here, we summarize key findings in these areas, while presenting the main related human diseases. Despite many advances in the field, various questions remain open which we briefly discuss. This article is part of a special issue entitled "Role of Lipids in CNS Cell Physiology and Pathology".
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montani
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland.
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27
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Vinding RK, Rago D, Kelly RS, Gürdeniz G, Rasmussen MA, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, Litonjua AA, Weiss ST, Lasky-Su J, Bisgaard H, Chawes BL. Delayed Motor Milestones Achievement in Infancy Associates with Perturbations of Amino Acids and Lipid Metabolic Pathways. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10090337. [PMID: 32824932 PMCID: PMC7570268 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between developmental milestone achievement in infancy and later cognitive function and mental health is well established, but underlying biochemical mechanisms are poorly described. Our study aims to discover pathways connected to motor milestone achievement during infancy by using untargeted plasma metabolomic profiles from 571 six-month-old children in connection with age of motor milestones achievement (Denver Developmental Index) in the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 (COPSAC2010) mother–child cohort. We used univariate regression models and multivariate modelling (Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis: PLS-DA) to examine the associations and the VDAART (Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial) cohort for validation. The univariate analyses showed 62 metabolites associated with gross-motor milestone achievement (p < 0.05) as well as the PLS-DA significantly differentiated between slow and fast milestone achievers (AUC = 0.87, p = 0.01). Higher levels of tyramine-O-sulfate in the tyrosine pathway were found in the late achievers in COPSAC (p = 0.0002) and in VDAART (p = 0.02). Furthermore, we observed that slow achievers were characterized by higher levels of fatty acids and products of fatty acids metabolism including acyl carnitines. Finally, we also observed changes in the lysine, histidine, glutamate, creatine and tryptophan pathways. Observing these metabolic changes in relation to gross-motor milestones in the first year of life, may be of importance for later cognitive function and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kofod Vinding
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.K.V.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (M.A.R.); (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.C.)
| | - Daniela Rago
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.K.V.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (M.A.R.); (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.C.)
| | - Rachel S. Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (R.S.K.); (S.T.W.); (J.L.-S.)
| | - Gözde Gürdeniz
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.K.V.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (M.A.R.); (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.C.)
| | - Morten Arendt Rasmussen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.K.V.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (M.A.R.); (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.C.)
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.K.V.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (M.A.R.); (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.C.)
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.K.V.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (M.A.R.); (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.C.)
| | - Augusto A. Litonjua
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Golisano Children’s Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (R.S.K.); (S.T.W.); (J.L.-S.)
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (R.S.K.); (S.T.W.); (J.L.-S.)
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.K.V.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (M.A.R.); (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-38677360
| | - Bo Lund Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.K.V.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (M.A.R.); (J.S.); (K.B.); (B.L.C.)
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28
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Cid NG, Puca G, Nudel CB, Nusblat AD. Genome analysis of sphingolipid metabolism-related genes in Tetrahymena thermophila and identification of a fatty acid 2-hydroxylase involved in the sexual stage of conjugation. Mol Microbiol 2020; 114:775-788. [PMID: 32713049 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids present in all eukaryotes. Tetrahymena thermophila is a ciliate that displays remarkable sphingolipid moieties, that is, the unusual phosphonate-linked headgroup ceramides, present in membranes. To date, no identification has been made in this organism of the functions or related genes implicated in sphingolipid metabolism. By gathering information from the T. thermophila genome database together with sphingolipid moieties and enzymatic activities reported in other Tetrahymena species, we were able to reconstruct the putative de novo sphingolipid metabolic pathway in T. thermophila. Orthologous genes of 11 enzymatic steps involved in the biosynthesis and degradation pathways were retrieved. No genes related to glycosphingolipid or phosphonosphingolipid headgroup transfer were found, suggesting that both conserved and innovative mechanisms are used in ciliate. The knockout of gene TTHERM_00463850 allowed to identify the gene encoding a putative fatty acid 2-hydroxylase, which is involved in the biosynthesis pathway. Knockout cells have shown several impairments in the sexual stage of conjugation since different mating types of knockout strains failed to form cell pairs and complete the conjugation process. This fatty acid 2-hydroxylase gene is the first gene of a sphingolipid metabolic pathway to be identified in ciliates and have a critical role in their sexual stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas G Cid
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gervasio Puca
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara B Nudel
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro D Nusblat
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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29
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Pant DC, Aguilera-Albesa S, Pujol A. Ceramide signalling in inherited and multifactorial brain metabolic diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:105014. [PMID: 32653675 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research on sphingolipids, particularly ceramides, has attracted increased attention, revealing the important roles and many functions of these molecules in several human neurological disorders. The nervous system is enriched with important classes of sphingolipids, e.g., ceramide and its derivatives, which compose the major portion of this group, particularly in the form of myelin. Ceramides have also emerged as important nodes for lipid signalling, both inside the cell and between cells. Until recently, knowledge about ceramides in the nervous system was limited, but currently, multiple links between ceramide signalling and neurological diseases have been reported. Alterations in the regulation of ceramide pathobiology have been shown to influence the risk of developing neurometabolic diseases. Thus, these molecules are critically important in the maintenance and development of the nervous system and are culprits or major contributors to the development of brain disorders, either inherited or multifactorial. In the present review, we highlight the critical role of ceramide signalling in several different neurological disorders as well as the effects of their perturbations and discuss how this emerging class of bioactive sphingolipids has attracted interest in the field of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh C Pant
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Sergio Aguilera-Albesa
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Health Service Hospital, Irunlarrea 4, 310620 Pamplona, Spain; Navarrabiomed-Miguel Servet Research Foundation, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Gran Via 199, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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30
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FA2H Mutations in a Young Adult Presenting as an Isolated Cognitive Impairment Syndrome. Can J Neurol Sci 2020; 47:858-860. [PMID: 32624042 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2020.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Vaz FM, McDermott JH, Alders M, Wortmann SB, Kölker S, Pras-Raves ML, Vervaart MAT, van Lenthe H, Luyf ACM, Elfrink HL, Metcalfe K, Cuvertino S, Clayton PE, Yarwood R, Lowe MP, Lovell S, Rogers RC, van Kampen AHC, Ruiter JPN, Wanders RJA, Ferdinandusse S, van Weeghel M, Engelen M, Banka S. Mutations in PCYT2 disrupt etherlipid biosynthesis and cause a complex hereditary spastic paraplegia. Brain 2020; 142:3382-3397. [PMID: 31637422 PMCID: PMC6821184 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase (ET), encoded by PCYT2, is the rate-limiting enzyme for phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis via the CDP-ethanolamine pathway. Phosphatidylethanolamine is one of the most abundant membrane lipids and is particularly enriched in the brain. We identified five individuals with biallelic PCYT2 variants clinically characterized by global developmental delay with regression, spastic para- or tetraparesis, epilepsy and progressive cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. Using patient fibroblasts we demonstrated that these variants are hypomorphic, result in altered but residual ET protein levels and concomitant reduced enzyme activity without affecting mRNA levels. The significantly better survival of hypomorphic CRISPR-Cas9 generated pcyt2 zebrafish knockout compared to a complete knockout, in conjunction with previously described data on the Pcyt2 mouse model, indicates that complete loss of ET function may be incompatible with life in vertebrates. Lipidomic analysis revealed profound lipid abnormalities in patient fibroblasts impacting both neutral etherlipid and etherphospholipid metabolism. Plasma lipidomics studies also identified changes in etherlipids that have the potential to be used as biomarkers for ET deficiency. In conclusion, our data establish PCYT2 as a disease gene for a new complex hereditary spastic paraplegia and confirm that etherlipid homeostasis is important for the development and function of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John H McDermott
- Manchester Centre for Genomics Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospital Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Mariëlle Alders
- Laboratory Genome Diagnostics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mia L Pras-Raves
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Martin A T Vervaart
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van Lenthe
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela C M Luyf
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Hyung L Elfrink
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kay Metcalfe
- Manchester Centre for Genomics Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospital Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Cuvertino
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter E Clayton
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospital Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca Yarwood
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin P Lowe
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon Lovell
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard C Rogers
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 14 Edgewood Drive, Greenville, SC, USA
| | | | - Antoine H C van Kampen
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam AZ, The Netherlands.,Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos P N Ruiter
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Engelen
- Department of (Pediatric) Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomics Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospital Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.,Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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32
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Faergeman SL, Evans H, Attfield KE, Desel C, Kuttikkatte SB, Sommerlund M, Jensen LT, Frokiaer J, Friese MA, Matthews PM, Luchtenborg C, Brügger B, Oturai AB, Dendrou CA, Fugger L. A novel neurodegenerative spectrum disorder in patients with MLKL deficiency. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:303. [PMID: 32358523 PMCID: PMC7195448 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is the main executor of necroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death. Necroptosis is implicated in combating infections, but also in contributing to numerous other clinical conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Inhibition of necroptosis is therefore of therapeutic interest. Here we report two siblings both of whom over the course of 35 years developed a similar progressive, neurodegenerative spectrum disorder characterized by paresis, ataxia and dysarthria. Magnetic resonance imaging of their central nervous system (CNS) revealed severe global cerebral volume loss and atrophy of the cerebellum and brainstem. These brothers are homozygous for a rare haplotype identified by whole genome sequencing carrying a frameshift variant in MLKL, as well as an in-frame deletion of one amino acid in the adjacent fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) gene. Functional studies of patient-derived primary cells demonstrated that the variant in MLKL leads to a deficiency of MLKL protein resulting in impairment of necroptosis. Conversely, shotgun lipidomic analysis of the variant in FA2H shows no impact on either the abundance or the enzymatic activity of the encoded hydroxylase. To our knowledge, this is the first report of complete necroptosis deficiency in humans. The findings may suggest that impaired necroptosis is a novel mechanism of neurodegeneration, promoting a disorder that shares some clinical features with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Importantly, the necroptotic deficiency does not cause symptoms outside the nervous system, nor does it confer susceptibility to infections. Given the current interest in pharmacological inhibition of necroptosis by targeting MLKL and its associated pathways, this strategy should be developed with caution, with careful consideration of the possible development of adverse neurological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren L Faergeman
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Hayley Evans
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Kathrine E Attfield
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christiane Desel
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Subita Balaram Kuttikkatte
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Mette Sommerlund
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Lise Torp Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Jorgen Frokiaer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Paul M Matthews
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Annette Bang Oturai
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Calliope A Dendrou
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lars Fugger
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
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33
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Mori K, Obara T, Seki N, Miyamoto M, Naganuma T, Kitamura T, Kihara A. Catalytic residues, substrate specificity, and role in carbon starvation of the 2-hydroxy FA dioxygenase Mpo1 in yeast. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1104-1114. [PMID: 32350077 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast protein Mpo1 belongs to a protein family that is widely conserved in bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and plants, and is the only protein of this family whose function has so far been elucidated. Mpo1 is an Fe2+-dependent dioxygenase that catalyzes the α-oxidation reaction of 2-hydroxy (2-OH) long-chain FAs (LCFAs) produced in the degradation pathway of the long-chain base phytosphingosine. However, several biochemical characteristics of Mpo1, such as its catalytic residues, membrane topology, and substrate specificity, remain unclear. Here, we report that yeast Mpo1 contains two transmembrane domains and that both its N- and C-terminal regions are exposed to the cytosol. Mutational analyses revealed that three histidine residues conserved in the Mpo1 family are especially important for Mpo1 activity, suggesting that they may be responsible for the formation of coordinate bonds with Fe2+ We found that, in addition to activity toward 2-OH LCFAs, Mpo1 also exhibits activity toward 2-OH very-long-chain FAs derived from the FA moiety of sphingolipids. These results indicate that Mpo1 is involved in the metabolism of long-chain to very-long-chain 2-OH FAs produced in different pathways. We noted that the growth of mpo1Δ cells is delayed upon carbon deprivation, suggesting that the Mpo1-mediated conversion of 2-OH FAs to nonhydroxy FAs is important for utilizing 2-OH FAs as a carbon source under carbon starvation. Our findings help to elucidate the as yet unknown functions and activities of other Mpo1 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Mori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Obara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Naoya Seki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Miyamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Naganuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takuya Kitamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan. mailto:
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Rattay TW, Lindig T, Baets J, Smets K, Deconinck T, Söhn AS, Hörtnagel K, Eckstein KN, Wiethoff S, Reichbauer J, Döbler-Neumann M, Krägeloh-Mann I, Auer-Grumbach M, Plecko B, Münchau A, Wilken B, Janauschek M, Giese AK, De Bleecker JL, Ortibus E, Debyser M, Lopez de Munain A, Pujol A, Bassi MT, D'Angelo MG, De Jonghe P, Züchner S, Bauer P, Schöls L, Schüle R. FAHN/SPG35: a narrow phenotypic spectrum across disease classifications. Brain 2020; 142:1561-1572. [PMID: 31135052 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum enzyme fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) plays a major role in the formation of 2-hydroxy glycosphingolipids, main components of myelin. FA2H deficiency in mice leads to severe central demyelination and axon loss. In humans it has been associated with phenotypes from the neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration, FAHN), hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP type SPG35) and leukodystrophy (leukodystrophy with spasticity and dystonia) spectrum. We performed an in-depth clinical and retrospective neurophysiological and imaging study in a cohort of 19 cases with biallelic FA2H mutations. FAHN/SPG35 manifests with early childhood onset predominantly lower limb spastic tetraparesis and truncal instability, dysarthria, dysphagia, cerebellar ataxia, and cognitive deficits, often accompanied by exotropia and movement disorders. The disease is rapidly progressive with loss of ambulation after a median of 7 years after disease onset and demonstrates little interindividual variability. The hair of FAHN/SPG35 patients shows a bristle-like appearance; scanning electron microscopy of patient hair shafts reveals deformities (longitudinal grooves) as well as plaque-like adhesions to the hair, likely caused by an abnormal sebum composition also described in a mouse model of FA2H deficiency. Characteristic imaging features of FAHN/SPG35 can be summarized by the 'WHAT' acronym: white matter changes, hypointensity of the globus pallidus, ponto-cerebellar atrophy, and thin corpus callosum. At least three of four imaging features are present in 85% of FA2H mutation carriers. Here, we report the first systematic, large cohort study in FAHN/SPG35 and determine the phenotypic spectrum, define the disease course and identify clinical and imaging biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim W Rattay
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Lindig
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Katrien Smets
- Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tine Deconinck
- Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne S Söhn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin N Eckstein
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Wiethoff
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Reichbauer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marion Döbler-Neumann
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Michaela Auer-Grumbach
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma-Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Division of Child Neurology, University Childrens Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Department of Pediatric and Adult Movement Disorders and Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bernd Wilken
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Klinikum Kassel, Germany
| | - Marc Janauschek
- Department for Social Pediatrics, Kinderhospital Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Giese
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Els Ortibus
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine Debyser
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adolfo Lopez de Munain
- CIBERNED, Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain.,Neuroscience Area, Institute Biodonostia, and Department of Neurosciences, University of Basque Country EHU-UPV, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, 08908, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia D'Angelo
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Neuromuscular Unit, 23842 Bosisio Parini , Lecco, Italy
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stephan Züchner
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL33136 Miami, USA.,Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, FL33136 Miami, USA
| | - Peter Bauer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,CENTOGENE AG, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
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35
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Darios F, Mochel F, Stevanin G. Lipids in the Physiopathology of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:74. [PMID: 32180696 PMCID: PMC7059351 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are a group of neurodegenerative diseases sharing spasticity in lower limbs as common symptom. There is a large clinical variability in the presentation of patients, partly underlined by the large genetic heterogeneity, with more than 60 genes responsible for HSP. Despite this large heterogeneity, the proteins with known function are supposed to be involved in a limited number of cellular compartments such as shaping of the endoplasmic reticulum or endolysosomal function. Yet, it is difficult to understand why alteration of such different cellular compartments can lead to degeneration of the axons of cortical motor neurons. A common feature that has emerged over the last decade is the alteration of lipid metabolism in this group of pathologies. This was first revealed by the identification of mutations in genes encoding proteins that have or are supposed to have enzymatic activities on lipid substrates. However, it also appears that mutations in genes affecting endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, or endolysosome function can lead to changes in lipid distribution or metabolism. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of lipid metabolism alterations in the physiopathology of HSP, to evaluate how such alterations contribute to neurodegenerative phenotypes, and to understand how this knowledge can help develop therapeutic strategy for HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Darios
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Neurometabolic Diseases, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France.,Equipe de Neurogénétique, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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36
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Beaudin M, Matilla-Dueñas A, Soong BW, Pedroso JL, Barsottini OG, Mitoma H, Tsuji S, Schmahmann JD, Manto M, Rouleau GA, Klein C, Dupre N. The Classification of Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxias: a Consensus Statement from the Society for Research on the Cerebellum and Ataxias Task Force. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 18:1098-1125. [PMID: 31267374 PMCID: PMC6867988 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no accepted classification of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias, a group of disorders characterized by important genetic heterogeneity and complex phenotypes. The objective of this task force was to build a consensus on the classification of autosomal recessive ataxias in order to develop a general approach to a patient presenting with ataxia, organize disorders according to clinical presentation, and define this field of research by identifying common pathogenic molecular mechanisms in these disorders. The work of this task force was based on a previously published systematic scoping review of the literature that identified autosomal recessive disorders characterized primarily by cerebellar motor dysfunction and cerebellar degeneration. The task force regrouped 12 international ataxia experts who decided on general orientation and specific issues. We identified 59 disorders that are classified as primary autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias. For each of these disorders, we present geographical and ethnical specificities along with distinctive clinical and imagery features. These primary recessive ataxias were organized in a clinical and a pathophysiological classification, and we present a general clinical approach to the patient presenting with ataxia. We also identified a list of 48 complex multisystem disorders that are associated with ataxia and should be included in the differential diagnosis of autosomal recessive ataxias. This classification is the result of a consensus among a panel of international experts, and it promotes a unified understanding of autosomal recessive cerebellar disorders for clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Beaudin
- Axe Neurosciences, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Antoni Matilla-Dueñas
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bing-Weng Soong
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital and Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jose Luiz Pedroso
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Orlando G Barsottini
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hiroshi Mitoma
- Medical Education Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mario Manto
- Service de Neurologie, Médiathèque Jean Jacquy, CHU-Charleroi, 6000, Charleroi, Belgium
- Service des Neurosciences, UMons, Mons, Belgium
| | | | | | - Nicolas Dupre
- Axe Neurosciences, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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37
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Leveille E, Estiar MA, Krohn L, Spiegelman D, Dionne-Laporte A, Dupré N, Trempe JF, Rouleau GA, Gan-Or Z. SPTAN1 variants as a potential cause for autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:1145-1151. [DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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38
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Benger M, Mankad K, Proukakis C, Mazarakis ND, Kinali M. The Interaction of Genetic Mutations in PARK2 and FA2H Causes a Novel Phenotype in a Case of Childhood-Onset Movement Disorder. Front Neurol 2019; 10:555. [PMID: 31191442 PMCID: PMC6549119 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the PARK2 gene have been implicated in the pathogenesis of early-onset Parkinson's disease. We present a case of movement disorder in a 4-year-old child from consanguineous parents and with a family history of Dopamine responsive dystonia, who was diagnosed with early-onset Parkinson's disease based on initial identification of a pathogenic PARK2 mutation. However, the evolution of the child's clinical picture was unusually rapid, with a preponderance of pyramidal rather than extrapyramidal symptoms, leading to re-investigation of the case with further imaging and genetic sequencing. Interestingly, a second homozygous mutation in the FA2H gene, implicated in Hereditary spastic paraplegia, was revealed, appearing to have contributed to the novel phenotype observed, and highlighting a potential interaction between the two mutated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Benger
- Department of Neurosciences, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Proukakis
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D Mazarakis
- Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Kinali
- Honorary Senior Lecturer in Paediatric Neurology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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39
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Landouré G, Dembélé K, Cissé L, Samassékou O, Diarra S, Bocoum A, Dembélé ME, Fischbeck KH, Guinto CO. Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 35 in a family from Mali. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1122-1125. [PMID: 31087769 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Variants in FA2H have been associated with a wide range of phenotypes including hereditary spastic paraplegia type 35 (SPG35); however, genetically confirmed cases have not been reported in Africa. We report here the first African family with a variant in the FA2H gene causing SPG35. Four affected siblings with consanguineous parents presented with walking difficulty at age 2-3 and progressive limb weakness. They became wheelchair-bound 2 years after disease onset. Neurological examination confirmed lower greater than upper limb weakness and atrophy, brisk reflexes throughout, and spasticity with scissor legs. The patients also had choking, urinary urgency, and mental retardation. A brain MRI showed thin corpus callosum and periventricular leucodystrophy. Testing of 58 SPG genes showed a homozygous variant in FA2H at the exon 5 donor site c.786+1G>A, which has previously been shown to cause skipping of exons 5 and 6 of the gene transcript. This variant segregated with the disease in the family. This variant has been reported previously with a similar phenotype and slow progression in a population with different background. Here, we confirm its pathogenicity and expand its genetic epidemiology. Studying diverse populations may help to increase understanding of the disease mechanism and ultimately lead to therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guida Landouré
- Faculté de Médecine et d'Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali.,Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali.,Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kékouta Dembélé
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Lassana Cissé
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Oumar Samassékou
- Faculté de Médecine et d'Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali
| | - Salimata Diarra
- Faculté de Médecine et d'Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali.,Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Abdoulaye Bocoum
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Mohamede E Dembélé
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Kenneth H Fischbeck
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cheick O Guinto
- Faculté de Médecine et d'Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali.,Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
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Elsayed LEO, Eltazi IZM, Ahmed AEM, Stevanin G. Hereditary spastic paraplegias: time for an objective case definition and a new nosology for neurogenetic disorders to facilitate biomarker/therapeutic studies. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:409-415. [PMID: 31037979 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1608824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive lower limb weakness and spasticity as core symptoms of the degeneration of the corticospinal motor neurons. Even after exclusion of infectious and toxic mimickers of these disorders, the definitive diagnosis remains tricky, mainly in sporadic forms, as there is significant overlap with other disorders. Since their first description, various attempts failed to reach an appropriate classification. This was due to the constant expansion of the clinical spectrum of these diseases and the discovery of new genes, a significant number of them was involved in overlapping diseases. Areas covered: In this perspective review, an extensive literature study was conducted on the historical progress of HSP research. We also revised the previous and the current classifications of HSP and the closely related neurogenetic disorders and analyzed the areas of overlap. Expert opinion: There is undeniable need for objective case definition and reclassification of all neurogenetic disorders including HSPs, a prerequisite to improve patient follow-up, biomarker identification and develop therapeutics. The challenge is to understand why mutations can give rise to multiple phenotypic presentations along this spectrum of diseases in which the corticospinal tract is affected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isra Z M Eltazi
- a Faculty of Medicine , University of Khartoum , Khartoum , Sudan
| | - Ammar E M Ahmed
- a Faculty of Medicine , University of Khartoum , Khartoum , Sudan
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- b Basic to Translational Neurogenetics team , Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Université UMR_S1127 , Paris , France.,c Neurogenetics team , Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University , Paris , France
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41
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Baba H, Ishibashi T. The Role of Sulfatides in Axon–Glia Interactions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1190:165-179. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9636-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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D'Amore A, Tessa A, Casali C, Dotti MT, Filla A, Silvestri G, Antenora A, Astrea G, Barghigiani M, Battini R, Battisti C, Bruno I, Cereda C, Dato C, Di Iorio G, Donadio V, Felicori M, Fini N, Fiorillo C, Gallone S, Gemignani F, Gigli GL, Graziano C, Guerrini R, Gurrieri F, Kariminejad A, Lieto M, Marques LourenḈo C, Malandrini A, Mandich P, Marcotulli C, Mari F, Massacesi L, Melone MAB, Mignarri A, Milone R, Musumeci O, Pegoraro E, Perna A, Petrucci A, Pini A, Pochiero F, Pons MR, Ricca I, Rossi S, Seri M, Stanzial F, Tinelli F, Toscano A, Valente M, Federico A, Rubegni A, Santorelli FM. Next Generation Molecular Diagnosis of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias: An Italian Cross-Sectional Study. Front Neurol 2018; 9:981. [PMID: 30564185 PMCID: PMC6289125 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) refers to a group of genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative motor neuron disorders characterized by progressive age-dependent loss of corticospinal motor tract function, lower limb spasticity, and weakness. Recent clinical use of next generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies suggests that they facilitate the diagnostic approach to HSP, but the power of NGS as a first-tier diagnostic procedure is unclear. The larger-than-expected genetic heterogeneity-there are over 80 potential disease-associated genes-and frequent overlap with other clinical conditions affecting the motor system make a molecular diagnosis in HSP cumbersome and time consuming. In a single-center, cross-sectional study, spanning 4 years, 239 subjects with a clinical diagnosis of HSP underwent molecular screening of a large set of genes, using two different customized NGS panels. The latest version of our targeted sequencing panel (SpastiSure3.0) comprises 118 genes known to be associated with HSP. Using an in-house validated bioinformatics pipeline and several in silico tools to predict mutation pathogenicity, we obtained a positive diagnostic yield of 29% (70/239), whereas variants of unknown significance (VUS) were found in 86 patients (36%), and 83 cases remained unsolved. This study is among the largest screenings of consecutive HSP index cases enrolled in real-life clinical-diagnostic settings. Its results corroborate NGS as a modern, first-step procedure for molecular diagnosis of HSP. It also disclosed a significant number of new mutations in ultra-rare genes, expanding the clinical spectrum, and genetic landscape of HSP, at least in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica D'Amore
- Molecular Medicine, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Casali
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Dotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Filla
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Silvestri
- IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Antenora
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Carla Battisti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Irene Bruno
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Clemente Dato
- Second Division of Neurology, Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Iorio
- Second Division of Neurology, Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Donadio
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna-UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Felicori
- Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna-UOC Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Fini
- Department of Neurosciences, Sant'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Pediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gallone
- Neurology I, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Gian Luigi Gigli
- Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Graziano
- Medical Genetics Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Children's Hospital A. Meyer, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Fiorella Gurrieri
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Ariana Kariminejad
- Clinical Genetics, Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Lieto
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Charles Marques LourenḈo
- Neurogenetics Division, Clinics Hospital of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Malandrini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Mandich
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Diagnosis, Pathology and Treatments of High Technological Complexity, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Christian Marcotulli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesco Mari
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Children's Hospital A. Meyer, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Massacesi
- Department of Neurosciences Drugs and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria A B Melone
- Second Division of Neurology, Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Mignarri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberta Milone
- Child Neuropsychiatry, ULSS 7 Pedemontana, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Olimpia Musumeci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessia Perna
- IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Pini
- Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna-UOC Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Pochiero
- Metabolic and Muscular Unit, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Roser Pons
- First Department of Pediatrics, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Salvatore Rossi
- IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Seri
- Medical Genetics Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Franco Stanzial
- Clinical Genetics Service and South Tyrol Coordination Center for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Regional Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Toscano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Valente
- Neurology Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio Federico
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Mueller N, Sassa T, Morales-Gonzalez S, Schneider J, Salchow DJ, Seelow D, Knierim E, Stenzel W, Kihara A, Schuelke M. De novo mutation in ELOVL1 causes ichthyosis, acanthosis nigricans, hypomyelination, spastic paraplegia, high frequency deafness and optic atrophy. J Med Genet 2018; 56:164-175. [PMID: 30487246 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are essential for functioning of biological membranes. ELOVL fatty acid elongase 1 catalyses elongation of saturated and monounsaturated C22-C26-VLCFAs. We studied two patients with a dominant ELOVL1 mutation. Independently, Kutkowska-Kaźmierczak et al. had investigated the same patients and found the same mutation. We extended our study towards additional biochemical, functional, and therapeutic aspects. METHODS We did mutation screening by whole exome sequencing. RNA-sequencing was performed in patient and control fibroblasts. Ceramide and sphingomyelin levels were measured by LC-MS/MS. ELOVL1 activity was determined by a stable isotope-labelled [13C]malonyl-CoA elongation assay. ELOVL1 expression patterns were investigated by immunofluorescence, in situ hybridisation and RT-qPCR. As treatment option, we investigated VLCFA loading of fibroblasts. RESULTS Both patients carried an identical heterozygous de novo ELOVL1 mutation (c.494C>T, NM_001256399; p.S165F) not deriving from a founder allele. Patients suffered from epidermal hyperproliferation and increased keratinisation (ichthyosis). Hypomyelination of the central white matter explained spastic paraplegia and central nystagmus, while optic atrophy was causative for reduction of peripheral vision and visual acuity. The mutation abrogated ELOVL1 enzymatic activity and reduced ≥C24 ceramides and sphingomyelins in patient cells. Fibroblast loading with C22:0-VLCFAs increased C24:0-ceramides and sphingomyelins. We found competitive inhibition for ceramide and sphingomyelin synthesis between saturated and monounsaturated VLCFAs. Transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of modules involved in epidermal development and keratinisation, and downregulation of genes for neurodevelopment, myelination, and synaptogenesis. Many regulated genes carried consensus proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α and PPARγ binding motifs in their 5'-regions. CONCLUSION A dominant ELOVL1 mutation causes a neuro-ichthyotic disorder possibly amenable to treatment with PPAR-modulating drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noomi Mueller
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Joanna Schneider
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel J Salchow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Seelow
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen Knierim
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Markus Schuelke
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia type SPG35 due to a novel variant in the FA2H gene in a Czech patient. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 59:337-339. [PMID: 30446360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic pathogenic variants in FA2H gene have been repeatedly described as a cause of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) type35 (SPG35). Targeted massive parallel sequencing (MPS) of the HSP genes panel revealed a novel homozygous variant c.130C > T (p.P44S) in the FA2H gene in the 30-year-old patient presenting with spastic paraplegia. The patient originated form the Czech minority in Romania. The patient manifests typical clinical signs for SPG35 (youth onset gait impairment, progressive spastic paraparesis on lower limbs, dysarthria, white matter changes in MRI).
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Incecik F, Besen S, Bozdogan ST. Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type 35 with a Novel Mutation in Fatty Acid 2-Hydroxylase Gene and Literature Review of the Clinical Features. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2018; 21:335-339. [PMID: 30532373 PMCID: PMC6238570 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_106_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Incecik
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Seyda Besen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sevcan Tug Bozdogan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Li Y, Wang C, Huang Y, Fu R, Zheng H, Zhu Y, Shi X, Padakanti PK, Tu Z, Su X, Zhang H. C. Elegans Fatty Acid Two-Hydroxylase Regulates Intestinal Homeostasis by Affecting Heptadecenoic Acid Production. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 49:947-960. [PMID: 30184537 DOI: 10.1159/000493226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The hydroxylation of fatty acids at the C-2 position is the first step of fatty acid α-oxidation and generates sphingolipids containing 2-hydroxy fatty acyl moieties. Fatty acid 2-hydroxylation is catalyzed by Fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) enzyme. However, the precise roles of FA2H and fatty acid 2-hydroxylation in whole cell homeostasis still remain unclear. METHODS Here we utilize Caenorhabditis elegans as the model and systemically investigate the physiological functions of FATH-1/C25A1.5, the highly conserved worm homolog for mammalian FA2H enzyme. Immunostaining, dye-staining and translational fusion reporters were used to visualize FATH-1 protein and a variety of subcellular structures. The "click chemistry" method was employed to label 2-OH fatty acid in vivo. Global and tissue-specific RNAi knockdown experiments were performed to inactivate FATH-1 function. Lipid analysis of the fath-1 deficient mutants was achieved by mass spectrometry. RESULTS C. elegans FATH-1 is expressed at most developmental stages and in most tissues. Loss of fath-1 expression results in severe growth retardation and shortened lifespan. FATH-1 function is crucially required in the intestine but not the epidermis with stereospecificity. The "click chemistry" labeling technique showed that the FATH-1 metabolites are mainly enriched in membrane structures preferable to the apical side of the intestinal cells. At the subcellular level, we found that loss of fath-1 expression inhibits lipid droplets formation, as well as selectively disrupts peroxisomes and apical endosomes. Lipid analysis of the fath-1 deficient animals revealed a significant reduction in the content of heptadecenoic acid, while other major FAs remain unaffected. Feeding of exogenous heptadecenoic acid (C17: 1), but not oleic acid (C18: 1), rescues the global and subcellular defects of fath-1 knockdown worms. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that FATH-1 and its catalytic products are highly specific in the context of chirality, C-chain length, spatial distribution, as well as the types of cellular organelles they affect. Such an unexpected degree of specificity for the synthesis and functions of hydroxylated FAs helps to regulate protein transport and fat metabolism, therefore maintaining the cellular homeostasis of the intestinal cells. These findings may help our understanding of FA2H functions across species, and offer potential therapeutical targets for treating FA2H-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yikai Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hanxi Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoruo Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Prashanth K Padakanti
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiong Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, China.,Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Kanetake T, Sassa T, Nojiri K, Sawai M, Hattori S, Miyakawa T, Kitamura T, Kihara A. Neural symptoms in a gene knockout mouse model of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome are associated with a decrease in 2-hydroxygalactosylceramide. FASEB J 2018; 33:928-941. [PMID: 30085884 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800291r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulation by myelin lipids is essential to fast action potential conductivity: changes in their quality or amount can cause several neurologic disorders. Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is one such disorder, which is caused by mutations in the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3A2. To date, the molecular mechanism underlying SLS pathology has remained unknown. In this study, we found that Aldh3a2 is expressed in oligodendrocytes and neurons in the mouse brain, and neurons of Aldh3a2 knockout (KO) mice exhibited impaired metabolism of the long-chain base, a component of sphingolipids. Aldh3a2 KO mice showed several abnormalities corresponding to SLS symptoms in behavioral tests, including increased paw slips on a balance beam and light-induced anxiety. In their brain tissue, 2-hydroxygalactosylceramide, an important lipid for myelin function and maintenance, was reduced by the inactivation of fatty acid 2-hydroxylase. Our findings provide important new insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for neural pathogenesis caused by lipid metabolism abnormalities.-Kanetake, T., Sassa, T., Nojiri, K., Sawai, M., Hattori, S., Miyakawa, T., Kitamura, T., Kihara, A. Neural symptoms in a gene knockout mouse model of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome are associated with a decrease in 2-hydroxygalactosylceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Kanetake
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Koki Nojiri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Megumi Sawai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takuya Kitamura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; and
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; and
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49
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Novakova L, Singh AK, Axelsson M, Ståhlman M, Adiels M, Malmeström C, Zetterberg H, Borén J, Lycke J, Cardell SL, Blomqvist M. Sulfatide isoform pattern in cerebrospinal fluid discriminates progressive MS from relapsing-remitting MS. J Neurochem 2018; 146:322-332. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Novakova
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Avadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Biomedicine; Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Markus Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Mölndal Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Mölndal Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience; UCL Institute of Neurology; Queen Square; London UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL; London UK
| | - Martin Adiels
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Lab; University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Clas Malmeström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Lab; University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Gothenburg Sweden
- Health Metrics Unit; Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Lab; University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Jan Lycke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Susanna L. Cardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Biomedicine; Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Maria Blomqvist
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine; Institute of Biomedicine; Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
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50
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Marquês JT, Marinho HS, de Almeida RF. Sphingolipid hydroxylation in mammals, yeast and plants – An integrated view. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 71:18-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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