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Yin YQ, Liu LL, Jiang YT, Xing JC, Qi WB, Huang LH. SLC25A12 inhibits Japanese encephalitis virus replication by interacting with the NS1 and enhancing the type I interferon response. Vet Microbiol 2024; 297:110199. [PMID: 39096789 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne, zoonotic orthoflavivirus causing human encephalitis and reproductive disorders in pigs. Cell-intrinsic antiviral restriction factors are the first line of defense that prevent a virus from establishing a productive infection, while the molecular mechanism of the virus-host interaction is still not fully understood. Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that the Solute Carrier Family 25 Member 12 (SLC25A12) interacted with the JEV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and inhibited JEV replication. Furthermore, we showed that knockdown or knockout of SLC25A12 promoted JEV replication, while overexpression of SLC25A12 repressed viral replication. Finally, we demonstrated that SLC25A12 increased IRF7 mRNA levels, which promoted IFN-β expression and subsequently induced antiviral effects. Collectively, our study revealed that SLC25A12 interacted with NS1, inhibiting viral RNA synthesis and transcription and enhancing type I interferon induction for antiviral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Qin Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Le-le Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu-Ting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jin-Chao Xing
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen-Bao Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Li-Hong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Huang C, Jiang T, Pan W, Feng T, Zhou X, Wu Q, Ma F, Dai J. Ubiquitination of NS1 Confers Differential Adaptation of Zika Virus in Mammalian Hosts and Mosquito Vectors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2408024. [PMID: 39159062 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202408024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Arboviruses, transmitted by medical arthropods, pose a serious health threat worldwide. During viral infection, Post Translational Modifications (PTMs) are present on both host and viral proteins, regulating multiple processes of the viral lifecycle. In this study, a mammalian E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 (WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin ligase 2) is identified, which interacts with the NS1 protein of Zika virus (ZIKV) and mediates K63 and K48 ubiquitination of Lys 265 and Lys 284, respectively. WWP2-mediated NS1 ubiquitination leads to NS1 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thereby inhibiting ZIKV infection in mammalian hosts. Simultaneously, it is found Su(dx), a protein highly homologous to host WWP2 in mosquitoes, is capable of ubiquitinating NS1 in mosquito cells. Unexpectedly, ubiquitination of NS1 in mosquitoes does not lead to NS1 degradation; instead, it promotes viral infection in mosquitoes. Correspondingly, the NS1 K265R mutant virus is less infectious to mosquitoes than the wild-type (WT) virus. The above results suggest that the ubiquitination of the NS1 protein confers different adaptations of ZIKV to hosts and vectors, and more importantly, this explains why NS1 K265-type strains have become predominantly endemic in nature. This study highlights the potential application in antiviral drug and vaccine development by targeting viral proteins' PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Huang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Qihan Wu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Feng Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianfeng Dai
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
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Tseng AC, Nerurkar VR, Neupane KR, Kae H, Kaufusi PH. Membrane Retention of West Nile Virus NS5 Depends on NS1 or NS3 for Enzymatic Activity. Viruses 2024; 16:1303. [PMID: 39205277 PMCID: PMC11360346 DOI: 10.3390/v16081303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) possesses multiple enzymatic domains essential for viral RNA replication. During infection, NS5 predominantly localizes to unique replication organelles (ROs) at the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), known as vesicle packets (VPs) and convoluted membranes (CMs), with a portion of NS5 accumulating in the nucleus. NS5 is a soluble protein that must be in the VP, where its enzymatic activities are required for viral RNA synthesis. However, the mechanistic processes behind the recruitment of NS5 from the cytoplasm to the RER membrane remain unclear. Here, we utilize high-resolution confocal microscopy and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation to investigate whether the association of NS5 with other NS proteins contributes to its membrane recruitment and retention. We demonstrate that NS1 or NS3 partially influences the NS5 association with the membrane. We further demonstrate that processed NS5 is predominantly in the cytoplasm and nucleus, indicating that the processing of NS5 from the viral polyprotein does not contribute to its membrane localization. These observations suggest that other host or viral factors, such as the enwrapment of NS5 by the RO, may also be necessary for the complete membrane retention of NS5. Therefore, studies on the inhibitors that disrupt the membrane localization of WNV NS5 are warranted for antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna C. Tseng
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
- Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering Graduate Program, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Vivek R. Nerurkar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
- Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering Graduate Program, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Kabi R. Neupane
- Division of Math and Sciences, Leeward Community College, Pearl City, HI 96782, USA; (K.R.N.); (H.K.)
| | - Helmut Kae
- Division of Math and Sciences, Leeward Community College, Pearl City, HI 96782, USA; (K.R.N.); (H.K.)
| | - Pakieli H. Kaufusi
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
- Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering Graduate Program, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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Goh JZH, De Hayr L, Khromykh AA, Slonchak A. The Flavivirus Non-Structural Protein 5 (NS5): Structure, Functions, and Targeting for Development of Vaccines and Therapeutics. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:865. [PMID: 39203991 PMCID: PMC11360482 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses, including dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), West Nile (WNV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), yellow fever (YFV), and tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV) viruses, pose a significant global emerging threat. With their potential to cause widespread outbreaks and severe health complications, the development of effective vaccines and antiviral therapeutics is imperative. The flaviviral non-structural protein 5 (NS5) is a highly conserved and multifunctional protein that is crucial for viral replication, and the NS5 protein of many flaviviruses has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of interferon (IFN) signalling. In this review, we discuss the functions of NS5, diverse NS5-mediated strategies adopted by flaviviruses to evade the host antiviral response, and how NS5 can be a target for the development of vaccines and antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrii Slonchak
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (J.Z.H.G.); (L.D.H.); (A.A.K.)
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Pan Q, Chen Q, Zhang W, Jiao H, Yu L, Hu H. Structural Insights into the Dynamic Assembly of a YFV sNS1 Tetramer. Viruses 2024; 16:1212. [PMID: 39205186 PMCID: PMC11359903 DOI: 10.3390/v16081212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) infections can cause severe diseases in humans, resulting in mass casualties in Africa and the Americas each year. Secretory NS1 (sNS1) is thought to be used as a diagnostic marker of flavivirus infections, playing an essential role in the flavivirus life cycle, but little is known about the composition and structure of YFV sNS1. Here, we present that the recombinant YFV sNS1 exists in a heterogeneous mixture of oligomerizations, predominantly in the tetrameric form. The cryoEM structures show that the YFV tetramer of sNS1 is stacked by the hydrophobic interaction between β-roll domains and greasy fingers. According to the 3D variability analysis, the tetramer is in a semi-stable state that may contain multiple conformations with dynamic changes. We believe that our study provides critical insights into the oligomerization of NS1 and will aid the development of NS1-based diagnoses and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Q.P.); (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Qiang Chen
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Q.P.); (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Wanqin Zhang
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Q.P.); (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Haizhan Jiao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Q.P.); (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Lei Yu
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hongli Hu
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Q.P.); (Q.C.); (W.Z.); (H.J.)
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Garcia FG, Helmo FR, da Silva MV, Rodrigues V, Oliveira CJF, Teixeira LDAS, Rogério ADP, Teixeira DNS. Elevated NS1 serum levels reduce CD119 expression and CXCL-10 synthesis in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2024; 57:e00410. [PMID: 39082520 PMCID: PMC11290849 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0577-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intensity of dengue virus (DV) replication and circulating non-structural protein 1 (NS1) levels may promote changes in the human immune response and favor severe forms of infection. We investigated the correlations between NS1 with CXCL-8, CXCL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-12p40 serum levels, and IFN-γ receptor α chain (CD119) expression, and CXCL10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with recombinant IFN-γ in DV-infected patients with different clinical forms. METHODS Dengue virus NS1, CXCL-8, CXCL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-12p40 serum levels were measured in 152 DV-infected patients with different clinical forms and 20 non-infected individuals (NI) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, we investigated the CXCL-10 production after in vitro IFN-γ stimulation of PBMCs from 48 DV-infected individuals (with different clinical forms of dengue fever) and 20 NI individuals using ELISA, and CD119 expression on CD14+ cells with flow cytometry. RESULTS Patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) had significantly higher NS1, CXCL-8, and CXCL-10 serum levels than those with classic dengue fever (DF). The response of PBMCs to IFN-γ stimulation was lower in patients with DHF than in those with DF or dengue with complications (DWC), with lower CD119 expression and reduced CXCL-10 synthesis. In addition, these alterations are associated with high NS1 serum levels. CONCLUSIONS Patients with DHF reported high NS1 levels, low CD119 expression, and low CXCL-10 synthesis in PBMCs, which may be associated with infection progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Laboratório de
Imunologia. Uberaba, MG, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Disciplina de
Parasitologia. Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Laboratório de
Imunologia. Uberaba, MG, Brasil
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Ceconi M, Ariën KK, Delputte P. Diagnosing arthropod-borne flaviviruses: non-structural protein 1 (NS1) as a biomarker. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:678-696. [PMID: 38135616 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the presence of flaviviruses of concern for human health in Europe has drastically increased,exacerbated by the effects of climate change - which has allowed the vectors of these viruses to expand into new territories. Co-circulation of West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) represents a threat to the European continent, and this is further complicated by the difficulty of obtaining an early and discriminating diagnosis of infection. Moreover, the possibility of introducing non-endemic pathogens, such as Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), further complicates accurate diagnosis. Current flavivirus diagnosis is based mainly on RT-PCR and detection of virus-specific antibodies. Yet, both techniques suffer from limitations, and the development of new assays that can provide an early, rapid, low-cost, and discriminating diagnosis of viral infection is warranted. In the pursuit of ideal diagnostic assays, flavivirus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) serves as an excellent target for developing diagnostic assays based on both the antigen itself and the antibodies produced against it. This review describes the potential of such NS1-based diagnostic methods, focusing on the application of flaviviruses that co-circulate in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ceconi
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp 2000, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium.
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Kravchuk BI, Khlusevich YA, Chicherina GS, Yakimenko VV, Krasnova EI, Tikunova NN, Matveev AL. Cross-Reactive Antibodies to the NS1 Protein of Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Are Absent in the Sera of Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis. Viruses 2024; 16:1032. [PMID: 39066195 PMCID: PMC11281406 DOI: 10.3390/v16071032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV) is a member of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) complex of the Flaviviridae family. Currently, there are no data on the cross-reactivity of antibodies to the NS1 proteins of OHFV and TBEV. Such data are of major interest for monitoring viral encephalitis of unknown etiology due to the increasing geographical distribution of OHFV. In this study, a recombinant OHFV NS1 protein was produced using the Escherichia coli expression system and purified. The recombinant OHFV NS1 protein was recognized by specific mice immune ascetic fluids to the native OHFV NS1 protein. A Western blot analysis and ELISA of the recombinant NS1 proteins of OHFV and TBEV were used to study the cross-reactivity of antibodies from immune ascites fluid obtained from OHFV-infected mice and mAbs against TBEV NS1. Anti-TBEV NS1 mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been shown to not be cross-reactive to the OHFV NS1 protein. Sera from patients with confirmed tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) were examined by ELISA using recombinant OHFV NS1 and TBEV NS1 proteins as antigens. It was shown for the first time that cross-reactive antibodies to the OHFV NS1 protein were not detected in the sera of TBE patients, whereas the sera contained antibodies to the TBEV NS1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdana I. Kravchuk
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.A.K.); (N.N.T.)
| | - Yana A. Khlusevich
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.A.K.); (N.N.T.)
| | - Galina S. Chicherina
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | | | - Elena I. Krasnova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution, Higher Education “Russian University of Medicine”, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Nina N. Tikunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.A.K.); (N.N.T.)
| | - Andrey L. Matveev
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Y.A.K.); (N.N.T.)
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Muthukumaran R, Sankararamakrishnan R. Differences in the Membrane-Binding Properties of Flaviviral Nonstructural 1 (NS1) Protein: Comparative Simulations of Zika and Dengue Virus NS1 Proteins in Explicit Bilayers. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2024; 4:137-153. [PMID: 38911907 PMCID: PMC11191575 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
NS1 in flaviviruses is the only nonstructural protein that is secretory and interacts with different cellular components of the host cell membrane. NS1 is localized in the ER as a dimer to facilitate viral replication. Crystal structures of NS1 homologues from zika (ZIKV) and dengue (DENV) viruses have revealed the organization of different domains in NS1 dimers. The β-roll and the connector and intertwined loop regions of wing domains of NS1 have been shown to interact with the membranes. In this study, we have performed multiple molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of ZIKV and DENV NS1 systems in apo and in POPE bilayers with different cholesterol concentrations (0, 20 and 40%). The NS1 protein was placed just above the membrane surface, and for each NS1-membrane system two to three independent simulations with 600 ns production run were performed. At the end of the production runs, ZIKV NS1 inserts deeper inside the membrane compared to the DENV counterpart. Unlike ZIKV NS1, the orientation of DENV NS1 is asymmetric in which one of the chains in the dimer interacts with the membrane while the other is more exposed to the solvent. The β-roll region in ZIKV NS1 penetrates beyond the headgroup region and interacts with the lipid acyl chains while the C-terminal region barely interacts with the headgroup. Specific residues in the intertwined region deeply penetrate inside the membrane. The role of charged and aromatic residues of ZIKV NS1 in strongly interacting with the membrane components is revealed. The presence of cholesterol affects the extent of insertion in the membrane and interaction of individual residues. Overall, membrane-binding properties of ZIKV NS1 significantly differ from its counterpart in DENV. The differences found in the binding and insertion of NS1 can be used to design drugs and novel antibodies that can be flavivirus specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajagopalan Muthukumaran
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ramasubbu Sankararamakrishnan
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
- Mehta
Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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Huang S, Shi PD, Fan XX, Yang Y, Qin CF, Zhao H, Shi L, Ci Y. The glycosylation deficiency of flavivirus NS1 attenuates virus replication through interfering with the formation of viral replication compartments. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:60. [PMID: 38849802 PMCID: PMC11157723 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavivirus is a challenge all over the world. The replication of flavivirus takes place within membranous replication compartments (RCs) derived from endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Flavivirus NS1 proteins have been proven essential for the formation of viral RCs by remodeling the ER. The glycosylation of flavivirus NS1 proteins is important for viral replication, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS HeLa cells were used to visualize the ER remodeling effects induced by NS1 expression. ZIKV replicon luciferase assay was performed with BHK-21 cells. rZIKV was generated from BHK-21 cells and the plaque assay was done with Vero Cells. Liposome co-floating assay was performed with purified NS1 proteins from 293T cells. RESULTS We found that the glycosylation of flavivirus NS1 contributes to its ER remodeling activity. Glycosylation deficiency of NS1, either through N-glycosylation sites mutations or tunicamycin treatment, compromises its ER remodeling activity and interferes with viral RCs formation. Disruption of NS1 glycosylation results in abnormal aggregation of NS1, rather than reducing its membrane-binding activity. Consequently, deficiency in NS1 glycosylation impairs virus replication. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results highlight the significance of NS1 glycosylation in flavivirus replication and elucidate the underlying mechanism. This provides a new strategy for combating flavivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Pan-Deng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Yali Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Gomes LF, Mundim JV, do Carmo Silva L, de Curcio JS, de Sousa ARV, Garcia-Zapata MT, Anunciação CE, do Carmo JR, de Paula Silveira-Lacerda E. Diagnostic performance of the bioline dengue duo rapid test on symptomatic patients assisted at Armed Forces Hospital (Hfa) in Brasília, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1801-1809. [PMID: 38709438 PMCID: PMC11153459 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue necessitates accurate diagnosis. Rapid tests such as Bioline™ DENGUE DUO have gained traction, but validation in specific populations is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Bioline™ test, alongside assessing the socio-epidemiological profile of symptomatic patients in a Brasília Military Hospital. The serum of 404 symptomatic patients was analyzed by the Bioline™ DENGUE DUO test, followed by Dengue virus detection and discrimination of the four serotypes by RT-qPCR. Accuracy was assessed using parameters including sensitivity (S), specificity (E), positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), and positive (RV +) and negative (RV-) likelihood ratios. The NS1 component exhibited a sensitivity of 70.37%, a specificity of 97.30%, and an overall efficiency of 90.10% when compared to RT-qPCR as the gold standard. The IgM component demonstrated a sensitivity of 26.85%, a specificity of 89.53%, and an overall efficiency of 72.77% when compared to RT-qPCR as the gold standard. The IgG component demonstrated a sensitivity of 23.15%, a specificity of 68.92%, and an overall efficiency of 56.68% when compared to RT-qPCR as the gold standard. Several rapid tests are commercially available. However, considering variations across regions and demographic groups, it is important to question their accuracy in specific populations. Rapid tests are important screening tools, but they can have limitations for the certainty of diagnosis. Bioline™ DENGUE DUO displayed good specificity, but sensitivity was slightly below optimal levels. While helpful for confirming dengue, improvements are needed to effectively rule out the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leani Falcão Gomes
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Goias, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Câmpus Samambaia, Goiania, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil
- Research Division of Technical Teaching and Research Directorate, Armed Forces Hospital, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Júlia Viegas Mundim
- Research Division of Technical Teaching and Research Directorate, Armed Forces Hospital, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Lívia do Carmo Silva
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Goias, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Câmpus Samambaia, Goiania, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Santana de Curcio
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Goias, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Câmpus Samambaia, Goiania, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Roberto Vieira de Sousa
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Goias, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Câmpus Samambaia, Goiania, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Ramos do Carmo
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Goias, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Câmpus Samambaia, Goiania, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil
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12
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Prat M, Jeanneau M, Rakotoarivony I, Duhayon M, Simonin Y, Savini G, Labbé P, Alout H. Virulence and transmission vary between Usutu virus lineages in Culex pipiens. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012295. [PMID: 38935783 PMCID: PMC11236178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) is a zoonotic arbovirus infecting mainly wild birds. It is transmitted by ornithophilic mosquitoes, mainly of the genus Culex from birds to birds and to several vertebrate dead-end hosts. Several USUV lineages, differing in their virulence have emerged in the last decades and now co-circulate in Europe, impacting human populations. However, their relative transmission and effects on their mosquito vectors is still not known. We thus compared the vector competence and survival of Culex pipiens mosquitoes experimentally infected with two distinct USUV lineages, EU2 and EU3, that are known to differ in their virulence and replication in vertebrate hosts. Infection rate was variable among blood feeding assays but variations between EU2 and EU3 lineages were consistent suggesting that Culex pipiens was equally susceptible to infection by both lineages. However, EU3 viral load increased with viral titer in the blood meal while EU2 viral load was high at all titers which suggest a greater replication of EU2 than EU3 in mosquito. While their relative transmission efficiencies are similar, at least at low blood meal titer, positive correlation between transmission and blood meal titer was observed for EU3 only. Contrary to published results in vertebrates, EU3 induced a higher mortality to mosquitoes (i.e. virulence) than EU2 whatever the blood meal titer. Therefore, we found evidence of lineage-specific differences in vectorial capacity and virulence to both the vector and vertebrate host which lead to balanced propagation of both viral lineages. These results highlight the need to decipher the interactions between vectors, vertebrate hosts, and the diversity of arbovirus lineages to fully understand transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Prat
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier-CNRS-IRD, Montpellier, France
- UMR ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE-CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Maxime Duhayon
- UMR ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE-CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Yannick Simonin
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Université de Montpellier-INSERM-EFS, Montpellier, France
| | - Giovanni Savini
- OIE Reference Centre for West Nile Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Pierrick Labbé
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier-CNRS-IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Haoues Alout
- UMR ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE-CIRAD, Montpellier, France
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13
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Zhang L, Nan X, Zhou D, Wang X, Zhu S, Li Q, Jia F, Zhu B, Si Y, Cao S, Ye J. Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 and NS1' protein disrupts the blood-brain barrier through macrophage migration inhibitory factor-mediated autophagy. J Virol 2024; 98:e0011624. [PMID: 38591880 PMCID: PMC11092347 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00116-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses in the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) serogroup, such as JEV, West Nile virus, and St. Louis encephalitis virus, can cause severe neurological diseases. The nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a multifunctional protein of flavivirus that can be secreted by infected cells and circulate in the host bloodstream. NS1' is an additional form of NS1 protein with 52 amino acids extension at its carboxy-terminal and is produced exclusively by flaviviruses in the JEV serogroup. In this study, we demonstrated that the secreted form of both NS1 and NS1' can disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of mice, with NS1' exhibiting a stronger effect. Using the in vitro BBB model, we found that treatment of soluble recombinant JEV NS1 or NS1' protein increases the permeability of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) and leads to the degradation of tight junction proteins through the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Consistently, NS1' protein exhibited a more pronounced effect compared to NS1 in these cellular processes. Further research revealed that the increased expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is responsible for triggering autophagy after NS1 or NS1' treatment in hBMECs. In addition, TLR4 and NF-κB signaling was found to be involved in the activation of MIF transcription. Moreover, administering the MIF inhibitor has been shown to decrease viral loads and mitigate inflammation in the brains of mice infected with JEV. This research offers a novel perspective on the pathogenesis of JEV. In addition, the stronger effect of NS1' on disrupting the BBB compared to NS1 enhances our understanding of the mechanism by which flaviviruses in the JEV serogroup exhibit neurotropism.IMPORTANCEJapanese encephalitis (JE) is a significant viral encephalitis worldwide, caused by the JE virus (JEV). In some patients, the virus cannot be cleared in time, leading to the breach of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and invasion of the central nervous system. This invasion may result in cognitive impairment, behavioral disturbances, and even death in both humans and animals. However, the mechanism by which JEV crosses the BBB remains unclear. Previous studies have shown that the flavivirus NS1 protein plays an important role in causing endothelial dysfunction. The NS1' protein is an elongated form of NS1 protein that is particularly produced by flaviviruses in the JEV serogroup. This study revealed that both the secreted NS1 and NS1' of JEV can disrupt the BBB by breaking down tight junction proteins through the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, and NS1' is found to have a stronger effect compared to NS1 in this process. In addition, JEV NS1 and NS1' can stimulate the expression of MIF, which triggers autophagy via the ERK signaling pathway, leading to damage to BBB. Our findings reveal a new function of JEV NS1 and NS1' in the disruption of BBB, thereby providing the potential therapeutic target for JE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaowei Nan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dengyuan Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xugang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuo Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Jia
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bibo Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youhui Si
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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14
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Sornjai W, Promma P, Priewkhiew S, Ramphan S, Jaratsittisin J, Jinagool P, Wikan N, Greenwood M, Murphy D, Smith DR. The interaction of GRP78 and Zika virus E and NS1 proteins occurs in a chaperone-client manner. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10407. [PMID: 38710792 PMCID: PMC11074156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a chaperone protein that is a central mediator of the unfolded protein response, a key cellular stress response pathway. GRP78 has been shown to be critically required for infection and replication of a number of flaviviruses, and to interact with both non-structural (NS) and structural flavivirus proteins. However, the nature of the specific interaction between GRP78 and viral proteins remains largely unknown. This study aimed to characterize the binding domain and critical amino acid residues that mediate the interaction of GRP78 to ZIKV E and NS1 proteins. Recombinant EGFP fused GRP78 and individual subdomains (the nucleotide binding domain (NBD) and the substrate binding domain (SBD)) were used as a bait protein and co-expressed with full length or truncated ZIKV E and NS1 proteins in HEK293T/17 cells. Protein-protein interactions were determined by a co-immunoprecipitation assay. From the results, both the NBD and the SBD of GRP78 were crucial for an effective interaction. Single amino acid substitutions in the SBD showed that R492E and T518A mutants significantly reduced the binding affinity of GRP78 to ZIKV E and NS1 proteins. Notably, the interaction of GRP78 with ZIKV E was stably maintained against various single amino acid substitutions on ZIKV E domain III and with all truncated ZIKV E and NS1 proteins. Collectively, the results suggest that the principal binding between GRP78 and viral proteins is mainly a classic canonical chaperone protein-client interaction. The blocking of GRP78 chaperone function effectively inhibited ZIKV infection and replication in neuronal progenitor cells. Our findings reveal that GRP78 is a potential host target for anti-ZIKV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannapa Sornjai
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Ploenphit Promma
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Suphansa Priewkhiew
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Suwipa Ramphan
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Janejira Jaratsittisin
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Pailin Jinagool
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Nitwara Wikan
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Michael Greenwood
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Murphy
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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15
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Pan Q, Jiao H, Zhang W, Chen Q, Zhang G, Yu J, Zhao W, Hu H. The step-by-step assembly mechanism of secreted flavivirus NS1 tetramer and hexamer captured at atomic resolution. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm8275. [PMID: 38691607 PMCID: PMC11062569 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm8275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Flaviviruses encode a conserved, membrane-associated nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) with replication and immune evasion functions. The current knowledge of secreted NS1 (sNS1) oligomers is based on several low-resolution structures, thus hindering the development of drugs and vaccines against flaviviruses. Here, we revealed that recombinant sNS1 from flaviviruses exists in a dynamic equilibrium of dimer-tetramer-hexamer states. Two DENV4 hexameric NS1 structures and several tetrameric NS1 structures from multiple flaviviruses were solved at atomic resolution by cryo-EM. The stacking of the tetrameric NS1 and hexameric NS1 is facilitated by the hydrophobic β-roll and connector domains. Additionally, a triacylglycerol molecule located within the central cavity may play a role in stabilizing the hexamer. Based on differentiated interactions between the dimeric NS1, two distinct hexamer models (head-to-head and side-to-side hexamer) and the step-by-step assembly mechanisms of NS1 dimer into hexamer were proposed. We believe that our study sheds light on the understanding of the NS1 oligomerization and contributes to NS1-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Haizhan Jiao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Wanqin Zhang
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Geshu Zhang
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Jianhai Yu
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Hongli Hu
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
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16
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Frazer JL, Norton R. Dengue: A review of laboratory diagnostics in the vaccine age. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38722305 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. Dengue is an important arboviral infection of considerable public health significance. It occurs in a wide global belt within a variety of tropical regions. The timely laboratory diagnosis of Dengue infection is critical to inform both clinical management and an appropriate public health response. Vaccination against Dengue virus is being introduced in some areas.Discussion. Appropriate diagnostic strategies will vary between laboratories depending on the available resources and skills. Diagnostic methods available include viral culture, the serological detection of Dengue-specific antibodies in using enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), microsphere immunoassays, haemagglutination inhibition or in lateral flow point of care tests. The results of antibody tests may be influenced by prior vaccination and exposure to other flaviviruses. The detection of non-structural protein 1 in serum (NS1) has improved the early diagnosis of Dengue and is available in point-of-care assays in addition to EIAs. Direct detection of viral RNA from blood by PCR is more sensitive than NS1 antigen detection but requires molecular skills and resources. An increasing variety of isothermal nucleic acid detection methods are in development. Timing of specimen collection and choice of test is critical to optimize diagnostic accuracy. Metagenomics and the direct detection by sequencing of viral RNA from blood offers the ability to rapidly type isolates for epidemiologic purposes.Conclusion. The impact of vaccination on immune response must be recognized as it will impact test interpretation and diagnostic algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Norton
- Pathology Queensland, Townsville QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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17
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Sinha S, Singh K, Ravi Kumar YS, Roy R, Phadnis S, Meena V, Bhattacharyya S, Verma B. Dengue virus pathogenesis and host molecular machineries. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:43. [PMID: 38649998 PMCID: PMC11036733 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENV) are positive-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family. DENV is the causative agent of dengue, the most rapidly spreading viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes. Each year, millions of people contract the virus through bites from infected female mosquitoes of the Aedes species. In the majority of individuals, the infection is asymptomatic, and the immune system successfully manages to control virus replication within a few days. Symptomatic individuals may present with a mild fever (Dengue fever or DF) that may or may not progress to a more critical disease termed Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or the fatal Dengue shock syndrome (DSS). In the absence of a universally accepted prophylactic vaccine or therapeutic drug, treatment is mostly restricted to supportive measures. Similar to many other viruses that induce acute illness, DENV has developed several ways to modulate host metabolism to create an environment conducive to genome replication and the dissemination of viral progeny. To search for new therapeutic options, understanding the underlying host-virus regulatory system involved in various biological processes of the viral life cycle is essential. This review aims to summarize the complex interaction between DENV and the host cellular machinery, comprising regulatory mechanisms at various molecular levels such as epigenetic modulation of the host genome, transcription of host genes, translation of viral and host mRNAs, post-transcriptional regulation of the host transcriptome, post-translational regulation of viral proteins, and pathways involved in protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Kinjal Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Y S Ravi Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru, India
| | - Riya Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sushant Phadnis
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Varsha Meena
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sankar Bhattacharyya
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Bhupendra Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Huang J, Wang W, Yu T, Wang M, Liu M, Zhu D, Chen S, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Ou X, Mao S, Tian B, Sun D, He Y, Wu Z, Jia R, Cheng A. NS1: a promising novel target antigen with strong immunogenicity and protective efficacy for avian flavivirus vaccine development. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103469. [PMID: 38335667 PMCID: PMC10864804 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV), an avian pathogenic flavivirus, has emerged as a significant threat to the duck industry in Southeast Asia, causing substantial economic losses. Due to the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect of TMUV subneutralizing antibodies, there is a pressing need to further develop new TMUV vaccine target antigens that ensure both safety and efficacy. Here, the TMUV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) as a target for development of effective anti-TMUV vaccines was unveiled. The amino acid sequences of TMUV NS1 exhibit a high degree of conservation across different strains (92.63-100%). To investigate the potential of TMUV NS1 as a vaccine target, the TMUV NS1-based plasmids were constructed and identified the C-terminal 30 amino acids residues of TMUV E (EC30) as an effective signal peptide for promoting NS1 expression and secretion. Subsequently, the plasmid pVAX1-EC30-NS1 was employed to immunize ducks, resulting in specific anti-NS1 IgG responses being stimulated, while without inducing anti-TMUV neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, the cellular immune responses triggered by the TMUV NS1 were evaluated, observing a notable increase in lymphocyte proliferation at 4 wk and 6 wk postinjection with the pVAX1-EC30-NS1. Additionally, there was a significant up-regulation of NS1-specific Il-4 and Ifnγ levels at these time points. Following this, ducks from different groups were challenged with TMUV, and remarkably, those immunized with the NS1 vaccine displayed significantly lower viral copies both at 3 d postinfection (dpi) and 7 dpi (P < 0.05) compared to ducks immunized with the control vector. Notably, the NS1 demonstrated remarkable protection against TMUV challenge without causing severe gross lesions. Collectively, these findings highlighted the impressive immunogenicity and protectivity of the TMUV NS1. Consequently, NS1 holds great promise as a novel antigen target for the development of efficient and safe TMUV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Wanfa Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Di Sun
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yu He
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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19
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Aguilar CC, Kalia A, Brisse ME, Dowd KA, Wise-Dent O, Burgomaster KE, Droppo J, Pierson TC, Hickman HD. Subcapsular sinus macrophages maximize germinal center development in non-draining lymph nodes during blood-borne viral infection. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi4926. [PMID: 38457515 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi4926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) germinal centers (GCs) are critical sites for B cell activation and differentiation. GCs develop after specialized CD169+ macrophages residing in LN sinuses filter antigens (Ags) from the lymph and relay these Ags into proximal B cell follicles. Many viruses, however, first reach LNs through the blood during viremia (virus in the blood), rather than through lymph drainage from infected tissue. How LNs capture viral Ag from the blood to allow GC development is not known. Here, we followed Zika virus (ZIKV) dissemination in mice and subsequent GC formation in both infected tissue-draining and non-draining LNs. From the footpad, ZIKV initially disseminated through two LN chains, infecting LN macrophages and leading to GC formation. Despite rapid ZIKV viremia, non-draining LNs were not infected for several days. Non-draining LN infection correlated with virus-induced vascular leakage and neutralization of permeability reduced LN macrophage attrition. Depletion of non-draining LN macrophages significantly decreased GC B cells in these nodes. Thus, although LNs inefficiently captured viral Ag directly from the blood, GC formation in non-draining LNs proceeded similarly to draining LNs through LN sinus CD169+ macrophages. Together, our findings reveal a conserved pathway allowing LN macrophages to activate antiviral B cells in LNs distal from infected tissue after blood-borne viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia C Aguilar
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anurag Kalia
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgan E Brisse
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olivia Wise-Dent
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine E Burgomaster
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joanna Droppo
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather D Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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Elliott KC, Mattapallil JJ. Zika Virus-A Reemerging Neurotropic Arbovirus Associated with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Neuropathogenesis. Pathogens 2024; 13:177. [PMID: 38392915 PMCID: PMC10892292 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a reemerging flavivirus that is primarily spread through bites from infected mosquitos. It was first discovered in 1947 in sentinel monkeys in Uganda and has since been the cause of several outbreaks, primarily in tropical and subtropical areas. Unlike earlier outbreaks, the 2015-2016 epidemic in Brazil was characterized by the emergence of neurovirulent strains of ZIKV strains that could be sexually and perinatally transmitted, leading to the Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) in newborns, and Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) along with encephalitis and meningitis in adults. The immune response elicited by ZIKV infection is highly effective and characterized by the induction of both ZIKV-specific neutralizing antibodies and robust effector CD8+ T cell responses. However, the structural similarities between ZIKV and Dengue virus (DENV) lead to the induction of cross-reactive immune responses that could potentially enhance subsequent DENV infection, which imposes a constraint on the development of a highly efficacious ZIKV vaccine. The isolation and characterization of antibodies capable of cross-neutralizing both ZIKV and DENV along with cross-reactive CD8+ T cell responses suggest that vaccine immunogens can be designed to overcome these constraints. Here we review the structural characteristics of ZIKV along with the evidence of neuropathogenesis associated with ZIKV infection and the complex nature of the immune response that is elicited by ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C. Elliott
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The Henry M Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Joseph J. Mattapallil
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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21
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Castro-Trujillo S, Segura K, Bolívar-Marín S, Salgado DM, Bosch I, Vega R, Rojas MC, Narváez CF. NS1-Specific Antibody Response Facilitates the Identification of Children With Dengue and Zika in Hyperendemic Areas. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024; 43:178-185. [PMID: 37963312 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections by dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) have some similar symptoms and a cross-reactive immune response, although with different risk populations and outcomes. Here, we evaluated the virologic characteristics and the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1)-specific antibody responses to DENV and ZIKV in children suspected of dengue in different epidemiologic moments in Colombia. METHODS Viral RNA, circulating NS1 and IgM/IgG specific for DENV and ZIKV were performed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 301 children suspected of dengue enrolled in a hospital setting during the ZIKV epidemic and a primary healthcare setting during a DENV epidemic. For the detection of DENV and ZIKV-specific IgM, an NS1-based ELISA was validated using characterized pediatric samples. Clinical and laboratory parameters were also evaluated. RESULTS DENV RNA or NS1 antigen was detected in the plasma of 62% of children, and in none, the ZIKV RNA was found. NS1-based ELISA for DENV and ZIKV IgM showed a sensitivity/specificity of 90/84% and 73/98%, respectively. Of 114 children without detectable viremia or antigenemia, 30.7%, 17.5%, 22% and 30% were IgM-DENV + , IgM-ZIKV + , IgM-DENV + ZIKV + and IgM-DENV - ZIKV - , respectively. The ZIKV/DENV IgM-NS1 ratio allows the identification of the infecting orthoflavivirus in 88% of the children with IgM-DENV + ZIKV + , confirming a high predominance of DENV infections in the 2 pediatric settings. CONCLUSION Overall, 88% of the children with clinical suspicion of dengue had an identifiable orthoflaviviral infection, with 80% caused by DENV, 7% by ZIKV and 0.7% classified as recent infections or coinfection, demonstrating active viral cocirculation in the pediatric population of southern Colombia. The IgM-NS1 detection improved the identification of orthoflaviviral infections in children without viremia or antigenemia, suggesting it is a helpful complementary tool for medical personnel in tropical regions with high viral cocirculation and different clinical scenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Castro-Trujillo
- From the División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Katherine Segura
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Dirección Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud Departamental, Gobernación del Huila, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Sara Bolívar-Marín
- From the División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Doris M Salgado
- Área de Pediatría, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Irene Bosch
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rocío Vega
- Área de Pediatría, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
- Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario de Neiva, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - María Clemencia Rojas
- Dirección Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud Departamental, Gobernación del Huila, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Carlos F Narváez
- Área de Pediatría, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
- Dirección Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud Departamental, Gobernación del Huila, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
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22
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Perera DR, Ranadeva ND, Sirisena K, Wijesinghe KJ. Roles of NS1 Protein in Flavivirus Pathogenesis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:20-56. [PMID: 38110348 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses such as dengue, Zika, and West Nile viruses are highly concerning pathogens that pose significant risks to public health. The NS1 protein is conserved among flaviviruses and is synthesized as a part of the flavivirus polyprotein. It plays a critical role in viral replication, disease progression, and immune evasion. Post-translational modifications influence NS1's stability, secretion, antigenicity, and interactions with host factors. NS1 protein forms extensive interactions with host cellular proteins allowing it to affect vital processes such as RNA processing, gene expression regulation, and cellular homeostasis, which in turn influence viral replication, disease pathogenesis, and immune responses. NS1 acts as an immune evasion factor by delaying complement-dependent lysis of infected cells and contributes to disease pathogenesis by inducing endothelial cell damage and vascular leakage and triggering autoimmune responses. Anti-NS1 antibodies have been shown to cross-react with host endothelial cells and platelets, causing autoimmune destruction that is hypothesized to contribute to disease pathogenesis. However, in contrast, immunization of animal models with the NS1 protein confers protection against lethal challenges from flaviviruses such as dengue and Zika viruses. Understanding the multifaceted roles of NS1 in flavivirus pathogenesis is crucial for effective disease management and control. Therefore, further research into NS1 biology, including its host protein interactions and additional roles in disease pathology, is imperative for the development of strategies and therapeutics to combat flavivirus infections successfully. This Review provides an in-depth exploration of the current available knowledge on the multifaceted roles of the NS1 protein in the pathogenesis of flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayangi R Perera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 00300
| | - Nadeeka D Ranadeva
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, KIU Campus Sri Lanka 10120
| | - Kavish Sirisena
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 00300
- Section of Genetics, Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, Sri Lanka 10120
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23
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Bhat BA, Algaissi A, Khamjan NA, Dar TUH, Dar SA, Varadharajan V, Qasir NA, Lohani M. Exploration of comprehensive marine natural products database against dengue viral non-structural protein 1 using high-throughput computational studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38165485 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2297006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a versatile quasi-protein essential for the multiplication of the virus. This study applied high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to detect the potential marine natural compounds against the NS1 of DENV. The structure of the NS1 protein was retrieved from Protein Data Bank with (PDB ID: 4O6B). Missing residues were added using modeler software. Molecular operating environment (MOE) programme was used to prepare the protein before docking. Virtual screening was performed on PyRx software to identify natural compounds retrieved from Comprehensive Marine Natural Products Database (CMNPD) against the NS1 protein, and best-docked compounds were examined by molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Out of 31,561 marine compounds, the top 10 compounds showed docking scores lesser than -8.0 kcal/mol. One of the best hit compounds, CMNPD6802, was further analyzed using MD simulation study at 100 nanoseconds and Molecular Mechanics with Generalized Born and Surface Area Solvation (MM/GBSA). Based on its total binding energy, determined using the MM/GBSA approach, CMNPD6802 was ranked first. Its pharmacokinetic properties concerning the target protein NS1 were also evaluated. The results of the MD simulation showed that CMNPD6802 remained in close contact with the protein throughout the activation period, mapped using principal component analysis. These findings suggest that CMNPD6802 could serve as an NS1 inhibitor and may be a potential candidate for treating DENV infections.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basharat Ahmad Bhat
- Department of BioResources, Amar Singh College Campus, Cluster University Srinagar, India
| | - Abdullah Algaissi
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Emerging and Epidemic Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar A Khamjan
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanvir Ul Hassan Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Naif A Qasir
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Centre, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohtashim Lohani
- Medical Research Centre, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Wijesundara DK, Yeow A, McMillan CL, Choo JJ, Todorovic A, Mekonnen ZA, Masavuli MG, Young PR, Gowans EJ, Grubor-Bauk B, Muller DA. Superior efficacy of a skin-applied microprojection device for delivering a novel Zika DNA vaccine. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102056. [PMID: 38028199 PMCID: PMC10630652 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infections are spreading silently with limited global surveillance in at least 89 countries and territories. There is a pressing need to develop an effective vaccine suitable for equitable distribution globally. Consequently, we previously developed a proprietary DNA vaccine encoding secreted non-structural protein 1 of ZIKV (pVAX-tpaNS1) to elicit rapid protection in a T cell-dependent manner in mice. In the current study, we evaluated the stability, efficacy, and immunogenicity of delivering this DNA vaccine into the skin using a clinically effective and proprietary high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP). Dry-coating of pVAX-tpaNS1 on the HD-MAP device resulted in no loss of vaccine stability at 40°C storage over the course of 28 days. Vaccination of mice (BALB/c) with the HD-MAP-coated pVAX-tpaNS1 elicited a robust anti-NS1 IgG response in both the cervicovaginal mucosa and systemically and afforded protection against live ZIKV challenge. Furthermore, the vaccination elicited a significantly higher magnitude and broader NS1-specific T helper and cytotoxic T cell response in vivo compared with traditional needle and syringe intradermal vaccination. Overall, the study highlights distinctive immunological advantages coupled with an excellent thermostability profile of using the HD-MAP device to deliver a novel ZIKV DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danushka K. Wijesundara
- Vaxxas Biomedical Facility, Hamilton, QLD 4007, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Arthur Yeow
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Christopher L.D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jovin J.Y. Choo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Todorovic
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zelalem A. Mekonnen
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Makutiro G. Masavuli
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Paul R. Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Eric J. Gowans
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - David A. Muller
- Vaxxas Biomedical Facility, Hamilton, QLD 4007, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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25
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Mysorekar I, Michita R, Tran L, Bark S, Kumar D, Toner S, Jose J, Narayanan A. Zika Virus NS1 Drives Tunneling Nanotube Formation for Mitochondrial Transfer, Enhanced Survival, Interferon Evasion, and Stealth Transmission in Trophoblasts. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3674059. [PMID: 38106210 PMCID: PMC10723532 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3674059/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection continues to pose a significant public health concern due to limited available preventive measures and treatments. ZIKV is unique among flaviviruses in its vertical transmission capacity (i.e., transmission from mother to fetus) yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that both African and Asian lineages of ZIKV induce tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) in placental trophoblasts and multiple other mammalian cell types. Amongst investigated flaviviruses, only ZIKV strains trigger TNTs. We show that ZIKV-induced TNTs facilitate transfer of viral particles, proteins, and RNA to neighboring uninfected cells. ZIKV TNT formation is driven exclusively via its non-structural protein 1 (NS1); specifically, the N-terminal region (50 aa) of membrane-bound NS1 is necessary and sufficient for triggering TNT formation in host cells. Using affinity purification-mass spectrometry of cells infected with wild-type NS1 or non-TNT forming NS1 (pNS1ΔTNT) proteins, we found mitochondrial proteins are dominant NS1-interacting partners, consistent with the elevated mitochondrial mass we observed in infected trophoblasts. We demonstrate that mitochondria are siphoned via TNTs from healthy to ZIKV-infected cells, both homotypically and heterotypically, and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration reduced viral replication in trophoblast cells. Finally, ZIKV strains lacking TNT capabilities due to mutant NS1 elicited a robust antiviral IFN-λ 1/2/3 response, indicating ZIKV's TNT-mediated trafficking also allows ZIKV cell-cell transmission that is camouflaged from host defenses. Together, our findings identify a new stealth mechanism that ZIKV employs for intercellular spread among placental trophoblasts, evasion of antiviral interferon response, and the hijacking of mitochondria to augment its propagation and survival. Discerning the mechanisms of ZIKV intercellular strategies offers a basis for novel therapeutic developments targeting these interactions to limit its dissemination.
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Jain S, Vimal N, Angmo N, Sengupta M, Thangaraj S. Dengue Vaccination: Towards a New Dawn of Curbing Dengue Infection. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:1096-1149. [PMID: 37962036 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2280698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) and is a serious global burden. Antibody-dependent enhancement and the ability of DENV to infect immune cells, along with other factors, lead to fatal Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome. This necessitates the development of a robust and efficient vaccine but vaccine development faces a number of hurdles. In this review, we look at the epidemiology, genome structure and cellular targets of DENV and elaborate upon the immune responses generated by human immune system against DENV infection. The review further sheds light on various challenges in development of a potent vaccine against DENV which is followed by presenting a current account of different vaccines which are being developed or have been licensed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhant Jain
- Independent Researcher, Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Rewari, India
| | - Neha Vimal
- Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nilza Angmo
- Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Madhumita Sengupta
- Janki Devi Bajaj Government Girls College, University of Kota, Kota, India
| | - Suraj Thangaraj
- Swami Ramanand Teerth Rural Government Medical College, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Ambajogai, India
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Zeng Q, Liu J, Hao C, Zhang B, Zhang H. Making sense of flavivirus non-strctural protein 1 in innate immune evasion and inducing tissue-specific damage. Virus Res 2023; 336:199222. [PMID: 37716670 PMCID: PMC10518729 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses include medically important mosquito-borne pathogens, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV), that cause hundreds of millions of infections each year. Currently, there are no approved effect therapies against mosquito-borne flaviviruses. The flaviviruses encoded nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a secreted glycoprotein widely involved in viral replication, immune evasion, and directly causing tissue-specific damage during flaviviruses infection. Upon viral infection of host cell, NS1 can be found in multiple oligomeric forms and include a dimer on the cell surface, and a soluble secreted hexameric lipoparticle. In the recent decade, the detailed crystal structure of several flaviviruses NS1 have been determined and unraveled its broader and deeper functions. Consistent with the potential immune function revealed by its structure, NS1 is involved in the escaping of host signal immune pathway mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including RIG-I-like receptors (RLRS) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Moreover, the flavivirus NS1 is efficiently secreted by infected cells and circulates in the blood of the host to directly induce specific tissues damage. The NS1 of ZIKV, JEV and WNV changes the permeability of brain microvascular endothelial cell to cause endothelial cell dysfunction and promote virus pathogenesis. DENV NS1 can induce systemic tissues damage in humans through multiple strategies. Mutations of several key amino acids in NS1 can reduce the neurovirulence of the flavivirus. In this article, we provide an overview of the latest research on this fascinating protein in these disparate areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Chenlin Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China.
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Qin L, Rao T, Li X, Chen H, Qian P. DnaJA2 interacts with Japanese encephalitis virus NS3 via its C-terminal to promote viral infection. Virus Res 2023; 336:199210. [PMID: 37633595 PMCID: PMC10485146 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have documented that the interaction of viral and cellular proteins is essential in the viral life cycle. In our previous study, to screen cellular proteins that take part in the life cycle of JEV, cellular proteins that interacted with JEV NS3 were identified by Co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry analysis (Co-IP-MS), the results showed that ILF2, DnaJA1, DnaJA2, CKB, TUFM, and PABPC1 that putatively interact with NS3. Another candidate protein, DnaJA2, which interacted with JEV NS3 protein, was selected for further study. Overexpression of DnaJA2 increased JEV infection. Conversely, the knockdown of DnaJA2 suppressed JEV infection. Furthermore, DnaJA2 interacted with NS5 besides NS3 and colocalized with viral dsRNA. Additionally, the level of viral NS3 protein expression was higher in cells overexpressing DnaJA2 than in cells with empty vector expression, whereas DnaJA2 knockdown resulted in NS3 protein degradation, which was subsequently restored by MG132 treatment. Further analysis revealed that the C-terminal of DnaJA2 was a critical domain for interaction with NS3 and promoted JEV infection. Collectively, our study identified DnaJA2 as an essential host factor required for JEV infection, potentially representing a novel therapeutic target for the development of antiviral therapies against JEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxing Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Tingting Rao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Wu N, Ji J, Gou X, Hu P, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zuo L. DENV-2 NS1 promotes AMPK-LKB1 interaction to activate AMPK/ERK/mTOR signaling pathway to induce autophagy. Virol J 2023; 20:231. [PMID: 37821951 PMCID: PMC10568820 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of dengue fever has gradually increased in recent years, posing a serious threat to human health. In the absence of specific anti-dengue drugs, understanding the interaction of Dengue virus (DENV) with the host is essential for the development of effective therapeutic measures. Autophagy is often activated during DENV infection to promote viral replication, but the mechanism of how DENV's own proteins induce autophagy has not been clarified. In this study, we first preliminarily identified DENV-2 NS1 as the most likely viral protein for DENV-2-induced autophagy with the help of molecular docking techniques. Further experimental results confirmed that DENV-2 NS1 regulates DENV-2 infection of HUVEC-induced autophagy through the AMPK/ERK/mTOR signaling pathway. Mechanistically, DENV-2 NS1 mainly interacted with AMPK by means of its Wing structural domain, and NS1 bound to all three structural domains on the AMPKα subunit. Finally, the experimental results showed that DENV-2 NS1 promoted the interaction between LKB1 and AMPKα1 and thus activated AMPK by both increasing the expression of LKB1 and binding LKB1. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed that DENV-2 NS1 protein served as a platform for the interaction between AMPK and LKB1 after DENV-2 infection with HUVEC, and pulled AMPK and LKB1 together to form a complex. LKB1 to form a complex, promoting LKB1 action on the kinase structural domain of AMPKα1, which in turn promotes phosphorylation of the Thr172 site on the AMPK kinase structural domain and activates AMPK, thereby positively regulating the AMPK/ERK/mTOR signaling pathway and inducing autophagy. The present discovery improves our understanding of DENV-2-induced host autophagy and contributes to the development of anti-dengue drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wu
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jinzhong Ji
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaoqin Gou
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuanying Wang
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qilong Zhang
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou Province, China.
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Hafeez S, Achur R, Kiran SK, Thippeswamy NB. Computational prediction of B and T-cell epitopes of Kyasanur Forest Disease virus marker proteins towards the development of precise diagnosis and potent subunit vaccine. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:9157-9176. [PMID: 36336957 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2141882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), also known as 'monkey fever', caused by KFD Virus (KFDV), is a highly neglected tropical disease endemic to Western Ghat region of Karnataka, India. Recently, KFD, which is fatal for both monkeys and humans with a mortality rate of 2-10% has been found to spread from its epicenter to neighboring districts and states also. The current ELISA based KFD detection method is very non-specific due to cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses. Further, presently available formalin-inactivated vaccine has been found to be less effective leading to disease susceptibility and severity. To address these, the present study was aimed at predicting the potent specific B and T-cell epitopes of KFDV immunogenic marker proteins using diverse computational tools aiming at developing precise diagnostic method and an effective subunit vaccine. Here, we have chosen E, NS1 and NS5 proteins as markers of KFDV by taking into account of their differential and non-overlapping sequences with selected arboviruses. Based on the linear and nonlinear epitope prediction tools and important biophysical parameters, we identified three potential linear and ten nonlinear B-cell epitopes. We also predicted T-cell epitope peptides which binds to MHC class-I and class-II receptors for the effective T-cell activation. Thus, our molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analysis has identified six different TH-cell epitopes based on the distribution frequency of MHC-II haplotypes in the human population and one TC-cell epitope from NS5 protein that has maximum interaction with class-I MHC. Overall, we have successfully identified potential B and T-cell epitope marker peptides present in the envelope and two non-structural proteins.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayad Hafeez
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Microbiology, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, India
| | - Rajeshwara Achur
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, India
| | - S K Kiran
- Department of Health and family welfare Government of Karnataka, Virus Diagnostic Laboratory, Shivamogga, India
| | - N B Thippeswamy
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Microbiology, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, India
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Tan H, Zhang S, Tan W, Hu T, He Y, Wu Z, Wang M, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Ou X, Gao Q, Sun D, Cheng A, Chen S. Linear epitope identification of monoclonal antibodies against the duck Tembusu virus NS1. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102926. [PMID: 37499611 PMCID: PMC10413195 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2010, the duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) has caused a severe outbreak of egg drop syndrome in laying ducks in China, which has resulted in substantial financial losses in the poultry industry. DTMUV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), as the only secreted protein, could aid in the development of therapeutic antibodies and diagnostic techniques; however, there are few studies on the preparation and epitope identification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against DTMUV NS1. In this study, by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, and indirect immunofluorescence assay, we screened 6 mAbs (8A4, 8E6, 10F12, 1H11, 3D5, 5C11) that could specifically recognize DTMUV NS1. For epitope mapping of mAbs, a series of GST-tagged truncated fusion proteins of DTMUV NS1 were constructed by prokaryotic expression. Finally, the 4 shortest linear epitopes were identified by indirect ELISA and Western blotting. The epitope 133FVIDGPK139 was recognized by 8A4, the epitope 243IPKTLGGP250 was recognized by 8E6, the epitope 267PWDEK271 was recognized by 10F12, and 156EDFGFGVL163 was recognized by 1H11, 3D5, and 5C11. By sequence alignment and cross-reaction tests, we found that 8A4 and 8E6 had high specificity for DTMUV NS1 compared with that of other mAbs, but 10F12, 1H11, 3D5, and 5C11 exhibited a clear degree of cross-reaction with dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) NS1. Finally, the predicted crystal structure analysis showed the approximate spatial positions of the 4 epitopes on the NS1 dimer. In summary, our study revealed 2 specific mAbs for DTMUV NS1 recognition and 4 multiflavivirus mAbs for DENV, JEV, WNV, and ZIKV NS1 recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantai Tan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Senzhao Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wangyang Tan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yu He
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Khan MB, Yang ZS, Lin CY, Hsu MC, Urbina AN, Assavalapsakul W, Wang WH, Chen YH, Wang SF. Dengue overview: An updated systemic review. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1625-1642. [PMID: 37595484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is caused by the dengue virus (DENVs) infection and clinical manifestations include dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Due to a lack of antiviral drugs and effective vaccines, several therapeutic and control strategies have been proposed. A systemic literature review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines to select proper references to give an overview of DENV infection. Results indicate that understanding the virus characteristics and epidemiology are essential to gain the basic and clinical knowledge as well as dengue disseminated pattern and status. Different factors and mechanisms are thought to be involved in the presentation of DHF and DSS, including antibody-dependent enhancement, immune dysregulation, viral virulence, host genetic susceptibility, and preexisting dengue antibodies. This study suggests that dissecting pathogenesis and risk factors as well as developing different types of therapeutic and control strategies against DENV infection are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Khan
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Syuan Yang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Lin
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Hsu
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Aspiro Nayim Urbina
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wen-Hung Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Zhou P, Ma B, Gao Y, Xu Y, Li Z, Jin H, Luo R. Epidemiology, genetic diversity, and evolutionary dynamics of Tembusu virus. Arch Virol 2023; 168:262. [PMID: 37773423 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV) is an emerging pathogenic flavivirus associated with acute egg-drop and fatal encephalitis in domestic waterfowl. Since its initial identification in mosquitoes in 1955, TMUV has been confirmed to infect ducks, pigeons, sparrows, geese, and chickens, posing a significant threat to the poultry industry. Here, we sequenced two DTMUV strains isolated in 2019 and systematically investigated the possible origin, genetic relationships, evolutionary dynamics, and transmission patterns of TMUV based on complete virus genome sequences in the public database. We found that TMUV can be divided into four major clusters: TMUV, cluster 1, cluster 2, and cluster 3. Interestingly, we found that cluster 2.2 (within cluster 2) is the most commonly involved in interspecies transmission events, and subcluster 2.1.2 (within cluster 2.1) is currently the most prevalent cluster circulating in Asia. Notably, we also identified three positively selected sites in the E and NS1 proteins, which may be involved in virus replication, immune evasion, and host adaptation. Finally, phylogeographic analysis revealed that cluster dispersal originated in Southeast Asia and that short-distance transmission events have occurred frequently. Altogether, these data provide novel insights into the evolution and dispersal of TMUV, facilitating the development of rapid diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics against TMUV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yumin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuofei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Diani E, Lagni A, Lotti V, Tonon E, Cecchetto R, Gibellini D. Vector-Transmitted Flaviviruses: An Antiviral Molecules Overview. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2427. [PMID: 37894085 PMCID: PMC10608811 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses cause numerous pathologies in humans across a broad clinical spectrum with potentially severe clinical manifestations, including hemorrhagic and neurological disorders. Among human flaviviruses, some viral proteins show high conservation and are good candidates as targets for drug design. From an epidemiological point of view, flaviviruses cause more than 400 million cases of infection worldwide each year. In particular, the Yellow Fever, dengue, West Nile, and Zika viruses have high morbidity and mortality-about an estimated 20,000 deaths per year. As they depend on human vectors, they have expanded their geographical range in recent years due to altered climatic and social conditions. Despite these epidemiological and clinical premises, there are limited antiviral treatments for these infections. In this review, we describe the major compounds that are currently under evaluation for the treatment of flavivirus infections and the challenges faced during clinical trials, outlining their mechanisms of action in order to present an overview of ongoing studies. According to our review, the absence of approved antivirals for flaviviruses led to in vitro and in vivo experiments aimed at identifying compounds that can interfere with one or more viral cycle steps. Still, the currently unavailability of approved antivirals poses a significant public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Diani
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.L.); (V.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Anna Lagni
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.L.); (V.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Virginia Lotti
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.L.); (V.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Emil Tonon
- Unit of Microbiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Cecchetto
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.L.); (V.L.); (R.C.)
- Unit of Microbiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.L.); (V.L.); (R.C.)
- Unit of Microbiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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Chiffi G, Grandgirard D, Leib SL, Chrdle A, Růžek D. Tick-borne encephalitis: A comprehensive review of the epidemiology, virology, and clinical picture. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2470. [PMID: 37392370 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a flavivirus commonly found in at least 27 European and Asian countries. It is an emerging public health problem, with steadily increasing case numbers over recent decades. Tick-borne encephalitis virus affects between 10,000 and 15,000 patients annually. Infection occurs through the bite of an infected tick and, much less commonly, through infected milk consumption or aerosols. The TBEV genome comprises a positive-sense single-stranded RNA molecule of ∼11 kilobases. The open reading frame is > 10,000 bases long, flanked by untranslated regions (UTR), and encodes a polyprotein that is co- and post-transcriptionally processed into three structural and seven non-structural proteins. Tick-borne encephalitis virus infection results in encephalitis, often with a characteristic biphasic disease course. After a short incubation time, the viraemic phase is characterised by non-specific influenza-like symptoms. After an asymptomatic period of 2-7 days, more than half of patients show progression to a neurological phase, usually characterised by central and, rarely, peripheral nervous system symptoms. Mortality is low-around 1% of confirmed cases, depending on the viral subtype. After acute tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a minority of patients experience long-term neurological deficits. Additionally, 40%-50% of patients develop a post-encephalitic syndrome, which significantly impairs daily activities and quality of life. Although TBEV has been described for several decades, no specific treatment exists. Much remains unknown regarding the objective assessment of long-lasting sequelae. Additional research is needed to better understand, prevent, and treat TBE. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, virology, and clinical picture of TBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Chiffi
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Denis Grandgirard
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen L Leib
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aleš Chrdle
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Emerging Viral Diseases, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Bhat EA, Ali T, Sajjad N, Kumar R, Bron P. Insights into the structure, functional perspective, and pathogenesis of ZIKV: an updated review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115175. [PMID: 37473686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) poses a serious threat to the entire world. The rapid spread of ZIKV and recent outbreaks since 2007 have caused worldwide concern about the virus. Diagnosis is complicated because of the cross-reactivity of the virus with other viral antibodies. Currently, the virus is diagnosed by molecular techniques such as RT-PCR and IgM-linked enzyme immunoassays (MAC-ELISA). Recently, outbreaks and epidemics have been caused by ZIKV, and severe clinical symptoms and congenital malformations have also been associated with the virus. Although most ZIKV infections present with a subclinical or moderate flu-like course of illness, severe symptoms such as Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults and microcephaly in children of infected mothers have also been reported. Because there is no reliable cure for ZIKV and no vaccine is available, the public health response has focused primarily on preventing infection, particularly in pregnant women. A comprehensive approach is urgently needed to combat this infection and stop its spread and imminent threat. In view of this, this review aims to present the current structural and functional viewpoints, structure, etiology, clinical prognosis, and measures to prevent this transmission based on the literature and current knowledge. Moreover, we provide thorough description of the current understanding about ZIKV interaction with receptors, and a comparative examination of its similarities and differences with other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eijaz Ahmed Bhat
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Tufail Ali
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Nasreena Sajjad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Patrick Bron
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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de Siqueira Santos R, Rochael NC, Mattos TRF, Fallett E Silva MF, Linhares-Lacerda L, de Oliveira LT, Cunha MS, Mohana-Borges R, Gomes TA, Barbosa-Silva MC, Maron-Gutierrez T, Foguel D, Saraiva EM. Peripheral nervous system is injured by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) elicited by nonstructural (NS) protein-1 from Zika virus. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23126. [PMID: 37594040 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201904r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of innate immune mediators to the Zika virus (ZIKV)-induced neuroinflammation is not yet well known. Here, we investigated whether neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are scaffolds of DNA associated with proteins, have the potential to injure peripheral nervous. The tissue lesions were evaluated after adding NETs to dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants and to DRG constituent cells or injecting them into mouse sciatic nerves. Identification of NET harmful components was achieved by pharmacological inhibition of NET constituents. We found that ZIKV inoculation into sciatic nerves recruited neutrophils and elicited the production of the cytokines CXCL1 and IL-1β, classical NET inducers, but did not trigger NET formation. ZIKV blocked PMA- and CXCL8-induced NET release, but, in contrast, the ZIKV nonstructural protein (NS)-1 induced NET formation. NET-enriched supernatants were toxic to DRG explants, decreasing neurite area, length, and arborization. NETs were toxic to DRG constituent cells and affected myelinating cells. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and histones were identified as the harmful component of NETs. NS1 injection into mouse sciatic nerves recruited neutrophils and triggered NET release and caspase-3 activation, events that were also elicited by the injection of purified MPO. In summary, we found that ZIKV NS1 protein induces NET formation, which causes nervous tissue damages. Our findings reveal new mechanisms leading to neuroinflammation by ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael de Siqueira Santos
- Laboratório de Agregação de Proteínas e Amiloidoses, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia Cadaxo Rochael
- Laboratório de Imunidade Inata, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thayana Roberta F Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunidade Inata, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus Felipe Fallett E Silva
- Laboratório de Agregação de Proteínas e Amiloidoses, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandra Linhares-Lacerda
- Laboratório de Imunidade Inata, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Teixeira de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Agregação de Proteínas e Amiloidoses, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcela Sabino Cunha
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago Araujo Gomes
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Barbosa-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia - Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Maron-Gutierrez
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia - Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Debora Foguel
- Laboratório de Agregação de Proteínas e Amiloidoses, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elvira Maria Saraiva
- Laboratório de Imunidade Inata, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Zhang S, He Y, Wu Z, Wang M, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Ou X, Gao Q, Sun D, Zhang L, Yu Y, Chen S, Cheng A. Secretory pathways and multiple functions of nonstructural protein 1 in flavivirus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205002. [PMID: 37520540 PMCID: PMC10372224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Flavivirus contains a wide variety of viruses that cause severe disease in humans, including dengue virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a glycoprotein that encodes a 352-amino-acid polypeptide and has a molecular weight of 46-55 kDa depending on its glycosylation status. NS1 is highly conserved among multiple flaviviruses and occurs in distinct forms, including a dimeric form within the endoplasmic reticulum, a cell-associated form on the plasma membrane, or a secreted hexameric form (sNS1) trafficked to the extracellular matrix. Intracellular dimeric NS1 interacts with other NSs to participate in viral replication and virion maturation, while extracellular sNS1 plays a critical role in immune evasion, flavivirus pathogenesis and interactions with natural vectors. In this review, we provide an overview of recent research progress on flavivirus NS1, including research on the structural details, the secretory pathways in mammalian and mosquito cells and the multiple functions in viral replication, immune evasion, pathogenesis and interaction with natural hosts, drawing together the previous data to determine the properties of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senzhao Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu He
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Sun
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
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Beicht J, Kubinski M, Zdora I, Puff C, Biermann J, Gerlach T, Baumgärtner W, Sutter G, Osterhaus ADME, Prajeeth CK, Rimmelzwaan GF. Induction of humoral and cell-mediated immunity to the NS1 protein of TBEV with recombinant Influenza virus and MVA affords partial protection against lethal TBEV infection in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1177324. [PMID: 37483628 PMCID: PMC10360051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1177324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most relevant tick-transmitted neurotropic arboviruses in Europe and Asia and the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Annually more than 10,000 TBE cases are reported despite having vaccines available. In Europe, the vaccines FSME-IMMUN® and Encepur® based on formaldehyde-inactivated whole viruses are licensed. However, demanding vaccination schedules contribute to sub-optimal vaccination uptake and breakthrough infections have been reported repeatedly. Due to its immunogenic properties as well as its role in viral replication and disease pathogenesis, the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of flaviviruses has become of interest for non-virion based flavivirus vaccine candidates in recent years. Methods Therefore, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of TBEV NS1 expressed by neuraminidase (NA)-deficient Influenza A virus (IAV) or Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vectors were investigated in this study. Results With these recombinant viral vectors TBEV NS1-specific antibody and T cell responses were induced. Upon heterologous prime/boost regimens partial protection against lethal TBEV challenge infection was afforded in mice. Discussion This supports the inclusion of NS1 as a vaccine component in next generation TBEV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Beicht
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mareike Kubinski
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Zdora
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover Graduate School for Neurosciences, Infection Medicine, and Veterinary Sciences (HGNI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeannine Biermann
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Gerlach
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover Graduate School for Neurosciences, Infection Medicine, and Veterinary Sciences (HGNI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Division of Virology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chittappen Kandiyil Prajeeth
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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40
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Lim PY, Ramapraba A, Loy T, Rouers A, Thein TL, Leo YS, Burton DR, Fink K, Wang CI. A nonstructural protein 1 capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for dengue viruses. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285878. [PMID: 37200264 PMCID: PMC10194908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue non-structural protein (NS1) is an important diagnostic marker during the acute phase of infection. Because NS1 is partially conserved across the flaviviruses, a highly specific DENV NS-1 diagnostic test is needed to differentiate dengue infection from Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. In this study, we characterized three newly isolated antibodies against NS1 (A2, D6 and D8) from a dengue-infected patient and a previously published human anti-NS1 antibody (Den3). All four antibodies recognized multimeric forms of NS1 from different serotypes. A2 bound to NS1 from DENV-1, -2, and -3, D6 bound to NS1 from DENV-1, -2, and -4, and D8 and Den3 interacted with NS1 from all four dengue serotypes. Using a competition ELISA, we found that A2 and D6 bound to overlapping epitopes on NS1 whereas D8 recognized an epitope distinct from A2 and D6. In addition, we developed a capture ELISA that specifically detected NS1 from dengue viruses, but not ZIKV, using Den3 as the capture antibody and D8 as the detecting antibody. This assay detected NS1 from all the tested dengue virus strains and dengue-infected patients. In conclusion, we established a dengue-specific capture ELISA using human antibodies against NS1. This assay has the potential to be developed as a point-of-care diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yin Lim
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Appanna Ramapraba
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Loy
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angeline Rouers
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tun-Linn Thein
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Katja Fink
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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Fang E, Li M, Liu X, Hu K, Liu L, Zhang Z, Li X, Peng Q, Li Y. NS1 Protein N-Linked Glycosylation Site Affects the Virulence and Pathogenesis of Dengue Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050959. [PMID: 37243063 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated vaccine is one of the most effective vaccines against flavivirus. Recently, site-directed mutation of the flavivirus genome using reverse genetics techniques has been used for the rapid development of attenuated vaccines. However, this technique relies on basic research of critical virulence loci of the virus. To screen the attenuated sites in dengue virus, a total of eleven dengue virus type four mutant strains with deletion of N-glycosylation sites in the NS1 protein were designed and constructed. Ten of them (except for the N207-del mutant strain) were successfully rescued. Out of the ten strains, one mutant strain (N130del+207-209QQA) was found to have significantly reduced virulence through neurovirulence assay in suckling mice, but was genetically unstable. Further purification using the plaque purification assay yielded a genetically stable attenuated strain #11-puri9 with mutations of K129T, N130K, N207Q, and T209A in the NS1 protein and E99D in the NS2A protein. Identifying the virulence loci by constructing revertant mutant and chimeric viruses revealed that five amino acid adaptive mutations in the dengue virus type four non-structural proteins NS1 and NS2A dramatically affected its neurovirulence and could be used in constructing attenuated dengue chimeric viruses. Our study is the first to obtain an attenuated dengue virus strain through the deletion of amino acid residues at the N-glycosylation site, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the pathogenesis of the dengue virus and developing its live attenuated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyue Fang
- Institute of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
- Vaccines R&D Department, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
- Vaccines R&D Department, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000, China
| | - Kongxin Hu
- Institute of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Institute of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Zelun Zhang
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Qinhua Peng
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
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42
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Electrochemical magneto-immunoassay for detection of zika virus antibody in human serum. Talanta 2023; 256:124277. [PMID: 36738622 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus transmitted by infected Aedes genus mosquitoes. An infected person may be asymptomatic or present symptoms such as fever, arthralgia, and in pregnancy it may lead to neurological disorders in the fetus, such as microcephaly. Based on the high dissemination potential of ZIVK and its similar antigen composition to other arboviruses, new approaches for selective virus detection are urgently needed. This work reports the development of an electrochemical immunoassay for detection of anti-ZIKV antibodies, using magnetic beads functionalized with recombinant protein derived from the non-structural protein 1 (ΔNS1-ZIKV) and anti-IgG antibodies labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme. The magneto-immunoassay uses disposable microfluidic devices for detection of anti-ZIKV in serum samples. A linear response was obtained for a wide concentration range from 0.01 to 9.80 × 105 pg mL-1 (r2 = 0.982), with a limit of detection of 0.48 pg mL-1. The proposed immunoassay proved to be highly efficient for the detection of anti-ZIKV antibodies in serum, offering promising perspectives for the development of fast, simple, and affordable point-of-care diagnosis devices for ZIKV.
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43
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Tan BEK, Beard MR, Eyre NS. Identification of Key Residues in Dengue Virus NS1 Protein That Are Essential for Its Secretion. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051102. [PMID: 37243188 DOI: 10.3390/v15051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is involved in multiple aspects of the DENV lifecycle. Importantly, it is secreted from infected cells as a hexameric lipoparticle that mediates vascular damage that is a hallmark of severe dengue. Although the secretion of NS1 is known to be important in DENV pathogenesis, the exact molecular features of NS1 that are required for its secretion from cells are not fully understood. In this study, we employed random point mutagenesis in the context of an NS1 expression vector encoding a C-terminal HiBiT luminescent peptide tag to identify residues within NS1 that are essential for its secretion. Using this approach, we identified 10 point mutations that corresponded with impaired NS1 secretion, with in silico analyses indicating that the majority of these mutations are located within the β-ladder domain. Additional studies on two of these mutants, V220D and A248V, revealed that they prevented viral RNA replication, while studies using a DENV NS1-NS5 viral polyprotein expression system demonstrated that these mutations resulted in a more reticular NS1 localisation pattern and failure to detect mature NS1 at its predicted molecular weight by Western blotting using a conformation-specific monoclonal antibody. Together, these studies demonstrate that the combination of a luminescent peptide tagged NS1 expression system with random point mutagenesis enables rapid identification of mutations that alter NS1 secretion. Two such mutations identified via this approach revealed residues that are essential for correct NS1 processing or maturation and viral RNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E K Tan
- Research Centre of Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Michael R Beard
- Research Centre of Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Nicholas S Eyre
- College of Medicine and Public Health (CMPH), Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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44
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Stone ET, Pinto AK. T Cells in Tick-Borne Flavivirus Encephalitis: A Review of Current Paradigms in Protection and Disease Pathology. Viruses 2023; 15:958. [PMID: 37112938 PMCID: PMC10146733 DOI: 10.3390/v15040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The family Flaviviridae is comprised of a diverse group of arthropod-borne viruses that are the etiological agents of globally relevant diseases in humans. Among these, infection with several of these flaviviruses-including West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), and Powassan virus (POWV)-can result in neuroinvasive disease presenting as meningitis or encephalitis. Factors contributing to the development and resolution of tick-borne flavivirus (TBEV, POWV) infection and neuropathology remain unclear, though many recently undertaken studies have described the virus-host interactions underlying encephalitic disease. With access to neural tissues despite the selectively permeable blood-brain barrier, T cells have emerged as one notable contributor to neuroinflammation. The goal of this review is to summarize the recent advances in tick-borne flavivirus immunology-particularly with respect to T cells-as it pertains to the development of encephalitis. We found that although T cell responses are rarely evaluated in a clinical setting, they are integral in conjunction with antibody responses to restricting the entry of TBFV into the CNS. The extent and means by which they can drive immune pathology, however, merits further study. Understanding the role of the T cell compartment in tick-borne flavivirus encephalitis is instrumental for improving vaccine safety and efficacy, and has implications for treatments and interventions for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
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45
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Vista FES, Tantengco OAG, Dispo MD, Opiso DMS, Badua CLDC, Gerardo JPZ, Perez JRM, Baldo KAT, Chao DY, Dalmacio LMM. Trends in ELISA-Based Flavivirus IgG Serosurveys: A Systematic Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8040224. [PMID: 37104349 PMCID: PMC10143827 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses include virus species that are major public health threats worldwide. To determine the immunity landscape of these viruses, seroprevalence studies are often performed using IgG ELISA, which is a simple and rapid alternative to the virus neutralization test. In this review, we aim to describe the trends in flavivirus IgG ELISA-based serosurveys. A systematic literature review using six databases was performed to collate cohort and cross-sectional studies performed on the general population. A total of 204 studies were included in this review. The results show that most studies were performed on dengue virus (DENV), whereas Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) was the least studied. For geographic distribution, serosurveys followed known disease prevalence. Temporally, the number of serosurveys increased after outbreaks and epidemics except for JEV, for which studies were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns. Commercial kits were more commonly used than in-house assays for DENV, West Nile Virus (WNV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). Overall, most studies employed an indirect ELISA format, and the choice of antigens varied per virus. This review shows that flavivirus epidemiology is related to the regional and temporal distribution of serosurveys. It also highlights that endemicity, cross-reactivities, and kit availabilities affect assay choice in serosurveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ericka S Vista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Ourlad Alzeus G Tantengco
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
- Department of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila 0922, Philippines
| | - Micah D Dispo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Danna Mae S Opiso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Christian Luke D C Badua
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - John Patrick Z Gerardo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Juan Raphael M Perez
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Karol Ann T Baldo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Day-Yu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Leslie Michelle M Dalmacio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
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46
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Srivastava KS, Jeswani V, Pal N, Bohra B, Vishwakarma V, Bapat AA, Patnaik YP, Khanna N, Shukla R. Japanese Encephalitis Virus: An Update on the Potential Antivirals and Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040742. [PMID: 37112654 PMCID: PMC10146181 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the causal agent behind Japanese encephalitis (JE), a potentially severe brain infection that spreads through mosquito bites. JE is predominant over the Asia-Pacific Region and has the potential to spread globally with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Efforts have been made to identify and select various target molecules essential in JEV’s progression, but until now, no licensed anti-JEV drug has been available. From a prophylactic point of view, a few licensed JE vaccines are available, but various factors, viz., the high cost and different side effects imposed by them, has narrowed their global use. With an average occurrence of >67,000 cases of JE annually, there is an urgent need to find a suitable antiviral drug to treat patients at the acute phase, as presently only supportive care is available to mitigate infection. This systematic review highlights the current status of efforts put in to develop antivirals against JE and the available vaccines, along with their effectiveness. It also summarizes epidemiology, structure, pathogenesis, and potential drug targets that can be explored to develop a new range of anti-JEV drugs to combat JEV infection globally.
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47
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Lunardelli VAS, Almeida BDS, Apostolico JDS, Rezende T, Yamamoto MM, Pereira SS, Bueno MFC, Pereira LR, Carvalho KI, Slhessarenko RD, de Souza Ferreira LC, Boscardin SB, Rosa DS. Diagnostic and vaccine potential of Zika virus envelope protein (E) derivates produced in bacterial and insect cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1071041. [PMID: 37006270 PMCID: PMC10060818 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1071041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIn the present study we evaluated the features of different recombinant forms of Zika virus (ZIKV) proteins produced in either bacterial (Eschericha coli) or insect cells (Drosophila melanogaster). The ZIKV-envelope glycoprotein (EZIKV) is responsible for virus entry into host cells, is the main target of neutralizing antibodies and has been used as a target antigen either for serological tests or for the development of subunit vaccines. The EZIKV is composed of three structural and functional domains (EDI, EDII, and EDIII), which share extensive sequence conservation with the corresponding counterparts expressed by other flaviviruses, particularly the different dengue virus (DENV) subtypes.MethodsIn this study, we carried out a systematic comparison of the antigenicity and immunogenicity of recombinant EZIKV, EDI/IIZIKV and EDIIIZIKV produced in E. coli BL21 and Drosophila S2 cells. For the antigenicity analysis we collected 88 serum samples from ZIKV-infected participants and 57 serum samples from DENV-infected. For immunogenicity, C57BL/6 mice were immunized with two doses of EZIKV, EDI/IIZIKV and EDIIIZIKV produced in E. coli BL21 and Drosophila S2 cells to evaluate humoral and cellular immune response. In addition, AG129 mice were immunized with EZIKV and then challenge with ZIKV.ResultsTesting of samples collected from ZIKV-infected and DENV-infected participants demonstrated that the EZIKV and EDIIIZIKV produced in BL21 cells presented better sensitivity and specificity compared to proteins produced in S2 cells. In vivo analyses were carried out with C57BL/6 mice and the results indicated that, despite similar immunogenicity, antigens produced in S2 cells, particularly EZIKV and EDIIIZIKV, induced higher ZIKV-neutralizing antibody levels in vaccinated mice. In addition, immunization with EZIKV expressed in S2 cells delayed the onset of symptoms and increased survival rates in immunocompromised mice. All recombinant antigens, either produced in bacteria or insect cells, induced antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.ConclusionIn conclusion, the present study highlights the differences in antigenicity and immunogenicity of recombinant ZIKV antigens produced in two heterologous protein expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória Alves Santos Lunardelli
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo- Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca da Silva Almeida
- Departmento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Souza Apostolico
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo- Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Rezende
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo- Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Massao Yamamoto
- Departmento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel Santos Pereira
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Campagnari Bueno
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo- Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lennon Ramos Pereira
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Inacio Carvalho
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Luis Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Plataforma Científica Pasteur- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Beatriz Boscardin
- Departmento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) de Investigação em Imunologia (iii), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Santoro Rosa
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo- Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) de Investigação em Imunologia (iii), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Daniela Santoro Rosa,
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48
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Lee MF, Wu YS, Poh CL. Molecular Mechanisms of Antiviral Agents against Dengue Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030705. [PMID: 36992414 PMCID: PMC10056858 DOI: 10.3390/v15030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a major global health threat causing 390 million dengue infections and 25,000 deaths annually. The lack of efficacy of the licensed Dengvaxia vaccine and the absence of a clinically approved antiviral against dengue virus (DENV) drive the urgent demand for the development of novel anti-DENV therapeutics. Various antiviral agents have been developed and investigated for their anti-DENV activities. This review discusses the mechanisms of action employed by various antiviral agents against DENV. The development of host-directed antivirals targeting host receptors and direct-acting antivirals targeting DENV structural and non-structural proteins are reviewed. In addition, the development of antivirals that target different stages during post-infection such as viral replication, viral maturation, and viral assembly are reviewed. Antiviral agents designed based on these molecular mechanisms of action could lead to the discovery and development of novel anti-DENV therapeutics for the treatment of dengue infections. Evaluations of combinations of antiviral drugs with different mechanisms of action could also lead to the development of synergistic drug combinations for the treatment of dengue at any stage of the infection.
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49
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Machain-Williams C, Reyes-Solis GC, Blitvich BJ, Laredo-Tiscareño V, Dzul-Rosado AR, Kim S, AbuBakar S. Evaluation of an Immunoglobulin E Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Early Diagnosis of Dengue. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:101-109. [PMID: 36862827 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the etiological agent of dengue, the most important mosquito-transmitted viral disease of humans worldwide. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) designed to detect DENV IgM are commonly used for dengue diagnosis. However, DENV IgM is not reliably detected until ≥4 days after illness onset. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can diagnose early dengue but requires specialized equipment, reagents, and trained personnel. Additional diagnostic tools are needed. Limited work has been performed to determine whether IgE-based assays can be used for the early detection of vector-borne viral diseases, including dengue. In this study, we determined the efficacy of a DENV IgE capture ELISA for the detection of early dengue. Sera were collected within the first 4 days of illness onset from 117 patients with laboratory-confirmed dengue, as determined by DENV-specific RT-PCR. The serotypes responsible for the infections were DENV-1 and DENV-2 (57 and 60 patients, respectively). Sera were also collected from 113 dengue-negative individuals with febrile illness of undetermined etiology and 30 healthy controls. The capture ELISA detected DENV IgE in 97 (82.9%) confirmed dengue patients and none of the healthy controls. There was a high false positivity rate (22.1%) among the febrile non-dengue patients. In conclusion, we provide evidence that IgE capture assays have the potential to be explored for early diagnosis of dengue, but further research is necessary to address the possible false positivity rate among patients with other febrile illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Machain-Williams
- Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi," Universidad Autónoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe C Reyes-Solis
- Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi," Universidad Autónoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Bradley J Blitvich
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Viridiana Laredo-Tiscareño
- Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi," Universidad Autónoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Sungmin Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases in Internal Medicine, Sejong Chungnam National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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50
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Poveda Cuevas SA, Barroso da Silva FL, Etchebest C. NS1 from Two Zika Virus Strains Differently Interact with a Membrane: Insights to Understand Their Differential Virulence. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:1386-1400. [PMID: 36780300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) from Uganda (UG) expresses a phenotype related to fetal loss, whereas the variant from Brazil (BR) induces microcephaly in neonates. The differential virulence has a direct relation to biomolecular mechanisms that make one strain more aggressive than the other. The nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a key viral toxin to comprehend these viral discrepancies because of its versatility in many processes of the virus life cycle. Here, we aim to examine through coarse-grained models and molecular dynamics simulations the protein-membrane interactions for both NS1ZIKV-UG and NS1ZIKV-BR dimers. A first evaluation allowed us to establish that the NS1 proteins, in the membrane presence, explore new conformational spaces when compared to systems simulated without a lipid bilayer. These events derive from both differential coupling patterns and discrepant binding affinities to the membrane. The N-terminal domain, intertwined loop, and greasy finger proposed previously as binding membrane regions were also computationally confirmed by us. The anchoring sites have aromatic and ionizable residues that manage the assembly of NS1 toward the membrane, especially for the Ugandan variant. Furthermore, in the presence of the membrane, the difference in the dynamic cross-correlation of residues between the two strains is particularly pronounced in the putative epitope regions. This suggests that the protein-membrane interaction induces changes in the distal part related to putative epitopes. Taken together, these results open up new strategies for the treatment of flaviviruses that would specifically target these dynamic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Alejandro Poveda Cuevas
- Programa Interunidades em Bioinformática, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1010, São Paulo, São Paulo BR-05508-090, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/no-Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo BR-14040-903, Brazil.,Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Biochemistry II, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, Hesse DE-60590, Germany.,Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo and Université de Paris International Laboratory in Structural Bioinformatics, Av. do Café, s/no-Campus da USP, Bloco B, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo BR-14040-903, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Barroso da Silva
- Programa Interunidades em Bioinformática, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1010, São Paulo, São Paulo BR-05508-090, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/no-Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo BR-14040-903, Brazil.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo and Université de Paris International Laboratory in Structural Bioinformatics, Av. do Café, s/no-Campus da USP, Bloco B, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo BR-14040-903, Brazil
| | - Catherine Etchebest
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, F-75015 Paris, France.,Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo and Université de Paris International Laboratory in Structural Bioinformatics, Av. do Café, s/no-Campus da USP, Bloco B, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo BR-14040-903, Brazil
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