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Kunrath MF, Hubler R, Dahlin C. Adverse effects of sterilization processes on the fundamental topographic properties of modified dental implant surfaces. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2024; 35:44. [PMID: 39073722 PMCID: PMC11286709 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The employ of sterilization processes are essential to investigate biomaterials aiming for experimental, preclinical, or clinical applications with biological tissues. However, responsive surface properties of biomaterials may be susceptible to sterilization processes, compromising important physio-chemical characteristics. For that reason, this in vitro study aimed to investigate the effects of three different processes for sterilization (humid heat under pressure, UVC-light exposure, and Gamma irradiation) on the major topographical properties of implant surfaces applied to dental bone-anchored implants and/or implant-abutments. Three groups of implant surfaces were developed: a smooth machined surface, a micro-texturized surface, and a hydrophilic micro-texturized surface. The implants were sterilized with three methodologies and characterized regarding surface morphology, elemental surface composition, roughness parameters, wettability characteristics, and compared to the samples as-developed. Surface morphology and roughness parameters were not modified by any of the sterilization processes applied. On the other hand, hydrophilic implants were negatively affected by autoclaving. After package opening, hydrophilic features showed to be sensible to atmospheric air exposition independently of the sterilization process performed. Our findings revealed significant chemical changes on the implant surfaces caused by autoclaving and UVC exposure; additionally, the results showed the importance of selecting an appropriate sterilization method when investigating hydrophilic implants so as not to generate imprecise outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel F Kunrath
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 412, SE 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- School of Technology, Post-Graduate Program in Materials Technology and Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Hubler
- School of Technology, Post-Graduate Program in Materials Technology and Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Christer Dahlin
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 412, SE 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
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Matsuura T, Komatsu K, Cheng J, Park G, Ogawa T. Beyond microroughness: novel approaches to navigate osteoblast activity on implant surfaces. Int J Implant Dent 2024; 10:35. [PMID: 38967690 PMCID: PMC11226592 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-024-00554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the biological activity of osteoblasts is crucial when devising new approaches to enhance the osseointegration of implant surfaces, as their behavior profoundly influences clinical outcomes. An established inverse correlation exists between osteoblast proliferation and their functional differentiation, which constrains the rapid generation of a significant amount of bone. Examining the surface morphology of implants reveals that roughened titanium surfaces facilitate rapid but thin bone formation, whereas smooth, machined surfaces promote greater volumes of bone formation albeit at a slower pace. Consequently, osteoblasts differentiate faster on roughened surfaces but at the expense of proliferation speed. Moreover, the attachment and initial spreading behavior of osteoblasts are notably compromised on microrough surfaces. This review delves into our current understanding and recent advances in nanonodular texturing, meso-scale texturing, and UV photofunctionalization as potential strategies to address the "biological dilemma" of osteoblast kinetics, aiming to improve the quality and quantity of osseointegration. We discuss how these topographical and physicochemical strategies effectively mitigate and even overcome the dichotomy of osteoblast behavior and the biological challenges posed by microrough surfaces. Indeed, surfaces modified with these strategies exhibit enhanced recruitment, attachment, spread, and proliferation of osteoblasts compared to smooth surfaces, while maintaining or amplifying the inherent advantage of cell differentiation. These technology platforms suggest promising avenues for the development of future implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Matsuura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue B3-087, Box951668, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1668, USA
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue B3-087, Box951668, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1668, USA
| | - James Cheng
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue B3-087, Box951668, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1668, USA
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Gunwoo Park
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue B3-087, Box951668, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1668, USA
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue B3-087, Box951668, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1668, USA.
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA.
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Komatsu K, Matsuura T, Cheng J, Kido D, Park W, Ogawa T. Nanofeatured surfaces in dental implants: contemporary insights and impending challenges. Int J Implant Dent 2024; 10:34. [PMID: 38963524 PMCID: PMC11224214 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-024-00550-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental implant therapy, established as standard-of-care nearly three decades ago with the advent of microrough titanium surfaces, revolutionized clinical outcomes through enhanced osseointegration. However, despite this pivotal advancement, challenges persist, including prolonged healing times, restricted clinical indications, plateauing success rates, and a notable incidence of peri-implantitis. This review explores the biological merits and constraints of microrough surfaces and evaluates the current landscape of nanofeatured dental implant surfaces, aiming to illuminate strategies for addressing existing impediments in implant therapy. Currently available nanofeatured dental implants incorporated nano-structures onto their predecessor microrough surfaces. While nanofeature integration into microrough surfaces demonstrates potential for enhancing early-stage osseointegration, it falls short of surpassing its predecessors in terms of osseointegration capacity. This discrepancy may be attributed, in part, to the inherent "dichotomy kinetics" of osteoblasts, wherein increased surface roughness by nanofeatures enhances osteoblast differentiation but concomitantly impedes cell attachment and proliferation. We also showcase a controllable, hybrid micro-nano titanium model surface and contrast it with commercially-available nanofeatured surfaces. Unlike the commercial nanofeatured surfaces, the controllable micro-nano hybrid surface exhibits superior potential for enhancing both cell differentiation and proliferation. Hence, present nanofeatured dental implants represent an evolutionary step from conventional microrough implants, yet they presently lack transformative capacity to surmount existing limitations. Further research and development endeavors are imperative to devise optimized surfaces rooted in fundamental science, thereby propelling technological progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Komatsu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
| | - James Cheng
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
- Section of Periodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Daisuke Kido
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Wonhee Park
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA.
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA.
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue B3-087, Box951668, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1668, USA.
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Park G, Matsuura T, Komatsu K, Ogawa T. Optimizing implant osseointegration, soft tissue responses, and bacterial inhibition: A comprehensive narrative review on the multifaceted approach of the UV photofunctionalization of titanium. J Prosthodont Res 2024:JPR_D_24_00086. [PMID: 38853001 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_24_00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Titanium implants have revolutionized restorative and reconstructive therapy, yet achieving optimal osseointegration and ensuring long-term implant success remain persistent challenges. In this review, we explore a cutting-edge approach to enhancing implant properties: ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization. By harnessing UV energy, photofunctionalization rejuvenates aging implants, leveraging and often surpassing the intrinsic potential of titanium materials. The primary aim of this narrative review is to offer an updated perspective on the advancements made in the field, providing a comprehensive overview of recent findings and exploring the relationship between UV-induced physicochemical alterations and cellular responses. There is now compelling evidence of significant transformations in titanium surface chemistry induced by photofunctionalization, transitioning from hydrocarbon-rich to carbon pellicle-free surfaces, generating superhydrophilic surfaces, and modulating the electrostatic properties. These changes are closely associated with improved cellular attachment, spreading, proliferation, differentiation, and, ultimately, osseointegration. Additionally, we discuss clinical studies demonstrating the efficacy of UV photofunctionalization in accelerating and enhancing the osseointegration of dental implants. Furthermore, we delve into recent advancements, including the development of one-minute vacuum UV (VUV) photofunctionalization, which addresses the limitations of conventional UV methods as well as the newly discovered functions of photofunctionalization in modulating soft tissue and bacterial interfaces. By elucidating the intricate relationship between surface science and biology, this body of research lays the groundwork for innovative strategies aimed at enhancing the clinical performance of titanium implants, marking a new era in implantology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunwoo Park
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
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Bae GH, Cho WT, Lee JH, Huh JB. Efficacy of plasma treatment for surface cleansing and osseointegration of sandblasted and acid-etched titanium implants. J Adv Prosthodont 2024; 16:189-199. [PMID: 38957293 PMCID: PMC11215036 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2024.16.3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of plasma treatment of sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) titanium implants on surface cleansing and osseointegration in a beagle model. MATERIALS AND METHODS For morphological analysis and XPS analysis, scanning electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to analyze the surface topography and chemical compositions of implant before and after plasma treatment. For this animal experiment, twelve SLA titanium implants were divided into two groups: a control group (untreated implants) and a plasma group (implants treated with plasma). Each group was randomly located in the mandibular bone of the beagle dog (n = 6). After 8 weeks, the beagle dogs were sacrificed, and volumetric analysis and histometric analysis were performed within the region of interest. RESULTS In morphological analysis, plasma treatment did not alter the implant surface topography or cause any physical damage. In XPS analysis, the atomic percentage of carbon at the inspection point before the plasma treatment was 34.09%. After the plasma treatment, it was reduced to 18.74%, indicating a 45% reduction in carbon. In volumetric analysis and histometric analysis, the plasma group exhibited relatively higher mean values for new bone volume (NBV), bone to implant contact (BIC), and inter-thread bone density (ITBD) compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION Within the limits of this study, plasma treatment effectively eliminated hydrocarbons without changing the implant surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Ho Bae
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Tak Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Research and Development Institute, PNUADD Co., Ltd., Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Bo Huh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Wang J, Jing Z, Yin C, Wang Z, Zeng S, Ma X, Zheng Y, Cai H, Liu Z. Coatless modification of 3D-printed Ti6Al4V implants through tailored Cu ion implantation combined with UV photofunctionalization to enhance cell attachment, osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 238:113891. [PMID: 38615392 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The three-dimensional-printed Ti6Al4V implant (3DTi) has been widely accepted for the reconstruction of massive bone defects in orthopedics owing to several advantages, such as its tailored shape design, avoiding bone graft and superior bone-implant interlock. However, the osteoinduction activity of 3DTi is inadequate when applied clinically even though it exhibits osteoconduction. This study developes a comprehensive coatless strategy for the surface improvement of 3DTi through copper (Cu) ion implantation and ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization to enhance osteoinductivity. The newly constructed functional 3DTi (UV/Ti-Cu) achieved stable and controllable Cu doping, sustained Cu2+ releasing, and increased surface hydrophilicity. By performing cellular experiments, we determined that the safe dose range of Cu ion implantation was less than 5×1016 ions/cm2. The implanted Cu2+ enhanced the ALP activity and the apatite formation ability of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) while slightly decreasing proliferation ability. When combined with UV photofunctionalization, cell adhesion and proliferation were significantly promoted and bone mineralization was further increased. Meanwhile, UV/Ti-Cu was conducive to the migration and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro, theoretically facilitating vascular coupling osteogenesis. In conclusion, UV/Ti-Cu is a novel attempt to apply two coatless techniques for the surface modification of 3DTi. In addition, it is considered a potential bone substrate for repairing bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiedong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zehao Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Yin
- Beijing Surface Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Zhengguang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengxin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaolin Ma
- Beijing AKEC Medical Co., Ltd., Beijing 102200, China.
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
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Makary C, Menhall A, Lahoud P, Yang KR, Park KB, Razukevicius D, Traini T. Bone-to-Implant Contact in Implants with Plasma-Treated Nanostructured Calcium-Incorporated Surface (XPEEDActive) Compared to Non-Plasma-Treated Implants (XPEED): A Human Histologic Study at 4 Weeks. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2331. [PMID: 38793397 PMCID: PMC11123094 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Titanium implants undergo an aging process through surface hydrocarbon deposition, resulting in decreased wettability and bioactivity. Plasma treatment was shown to significantly reduce surface hydrocarbons, thus improving implant hydrophilicity and enhancing the osseointegration process. This study investigates the effect of plasma surface treatment on bone-to-implant contact (BIC) of implants presenting a nanostructured calcium-incorporated surface (XPEED®). Following a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design, patients undergoing implant surgery in the posterior maxilla received additional plasma-treated (n = 7) or -untreated (n = 5) 3.5 × 8 mm implants that were retrieved after a 4-week healing period for histological examination. Histomorphometric analysis showed that plasma-treated implants exhibited a 38.7% BIC rate compared to 22.4% of untreated implants (p = 0.002), indicating enhanced osseointegration potential. Histological images also revealed increased bone formation and active osteoblastic activity around plasma-treated implants when compared to untreated specimens. The findings suggest that plasma treatment improves surface hydrophilicity and biological response, facilitating early bone formation around titanium implants. This study underscores the importance of surface modifications in optimizing implant integration and supports the use of plasma treatment to enhance osseointegration, thereby improving clinical outcomes in implant dentistry and offering benefits for immediate and early loading protocols, particularly in soft bone conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Makary
- Oral Surgery Department, Saint Joseph University, Beirut P.O. Box 1104-2020, Lebanon; (C.M.); (A.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Abdallah Menhall
- Oral Surgery Department, Saint Joseph University, Beirut P.O. Box 1104-2020, Lebanon; (C.M.); (A.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Pierre Lahoud
- Oral Surgery Department, Saint Joseph University, Beirut P.O. Box 1104-2020, Lebanon; (C.M.); (A.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Kyung Ran Yang
- Daegu Mir Dental Hospital, Daegu 41934, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwang Bum Park
- MegaGen Implant Co., Ltd., Daegu 42921, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dainius Razukevicius
- Faculty of Odontology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Tonino Traini
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Omatsu K, Yamawaki I, Taguchi Y, Tsumori N, Hashimoto Y, Umeda M. Surface modification affects human gingival epithelial cell behavior on polyetheretherketone surfaces. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:191-199. [PMID: 38246630 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Gingival epithelial attachment to the abutment is important for the prevention of peri-implantitis. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has recently gained attention as an alternative material to titanium; however, it is biologically inert, which is disadvantageous for obtaining soft tissue sealing of the transmucosal part of the implant abutment. Therefore, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, argon plasma irradiation, and buffing were selected as treatments to modify the PEEK surface. None of the treatments had any effect on the material's mechanical strength. The UV and plasma treatments did not significantly affect the surface morphology. Surface elemental analysis showed a decrease in carbon content and an increase in oxygen content and wettability for all treatments. Human gingival epithelial cell adhesion, proliferation, and the expression of adhesion proteins integrin β4 and laminin 332, were increased. Surface modification to PEEK was suggested to enhance cell activity on PEEK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiju Omatsu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
| | - Isao Yamawaki
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
| | - Yoichiro Taguchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
| | - Norimasa Tsumori
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
| | - Yoshiya Hashimoto
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
| | - Makoto Umeda
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
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Ghambaryan N, Yessayan L, Hakobyan G. Long-term effectiveness of UV functionalised short (≤ 6 mm) dental implants placed in the posterior segments of the atrophied maxilla: controlled case series. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00926-0. [PMID: 38526626 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated long-term effectiveness UV functionalised short implants (≤ 6 mm) placed in the posterior segments of the atrophied maxilla. The study included 47 patients from 2018 to 2023 (aged 27 to 56 years, 24 women and 23 men) without any systemic diseases, with unilateral/bilateral missing teeth and vertical atrophy of the posterior maxillary area. Total installed were 64 short UV-functionalized implants and 62 standard implants over 10 mm in length in segments maxilla with sufficient bone parameters. Clinical, laboratory and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) methods were used to plan implant therapy. The clinical indices included the following parameters: ISQ, MBL, OHIP-G scale. For short implants, the median ISQ at placement was 62.2 for primary stability and the median ISQ at 5 months was 69.6 ISQ. For standard implant, the mean ISQ at placement was 64.3 ISQ, and ISQ after 5 months was 71.6 ISQ. After 6 months mean MBL short implants 0.87 mm, after 1 year 1.13 mm, after 5 years was 1.48 mm. After 6 months mean MBL standard implants 0.84 mm, after 1 year 1.24 mm, after 5 years was 1.58 mm. Mean OHIP-G scores-patients satisfaction with the implant at 4.8 ± 0.3, satisfaction with the operation 4.6 ± 0.4; satisfaction with prosthetics 4.7 ± 0.5. Cumulative success rate 5 years short implants was 96.7%, standard implants was 97.4%, and prosthesis cumulative survival rate was 97.2%. Short ultraviolet functionalized implants used in the posterior resorbed segment of maxilla have been shown to be a reliable alternative to sinus lift, demonstrating fewer complications, reduction in the number of additional surgical interventions and showed satisfactory long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naira Ghambaryan
- Department of Surgical Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lazar Yessayan
- Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University. M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Gagik Hakobyan
- Department of Surgical Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia.
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10
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Xu J, Wu D, Ge B, Li M, Yu H, Cao F, Wang W, Zhang Q, Yi P, Wang H, Song L, Liu L, Li J, Zhao D. Selective Laser Melting of the Porous Ta Scaffold with Mg-Doped Calcium Phosphate Coating for Orthopedic Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1435-1447. [PMID: 38330203 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Addressing the repair of large-scale bone defects has become a hot research topic within the field of orthopedics. This study assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of using porous tantalum scaffolds to treat such defects. These scaffolds, manufactured using the selective laser melting (SLM) technology, possessed biomechanical properties compatible with natural bone tissue. To enhance the osteogenesis bioactivity of these porous Ta scaffolds, we applied calcium phosphate (CaP) and magnesium-doped calcium phosphate (Mg-CaP) coatings to the surface of SLM Ta scaffolds through a hydrothermal method. These degradable coatings released calcium and magnesium ions, demonstrating osteogenic bioactivity. Experimental results indicated that the Mg-CaP group exhibited biocompatibility comparable to that of the Ta group in vivo and in vitro. In terms of osteogenesis, both the CaP group and the Mg-CaP group showed improved outcomes compared to the control group, with the Mg-CaP group demonstrating superior performance. Therefore, both CaP and magnesium-CaP coatings can significantly enhance the osseointegration of three-dimensional-printed porous Ta, thereby increasing the surface bioactivity. Overall, the present study introduces an innovative approach for the biofunctionalization of SLM porous Ta, aiming to enhance its suitability as a bone implant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Bing Ge
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Maoyuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Haiyu Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Weidan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Integrative Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Pinqiao Yi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Haiyao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Liqun Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Lingpeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Junlei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
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Uesugi T, Shimoo Y, Munakata M, Kataoka Y, Sato D, Yamaguchi K, Sanda M, Fujimaki M, Nakayama K, Watanabe T, Malo P. A Study of the Associated Risk Factors for Early Failure and the Effect of Photofunctionalisation in Full-Arch Immediate Loading Treatment Based on the All-on-Four Concept. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:223. [PMID: 38534497 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Early implant failure occurring within 1 year after implantation has been attributed to various factors. Particularly, early failure can lead to challenges in maintaining a full-arch prosthetic device, necessitating prompt intervention, including reoperation. This study aimed to retrospectively examine implant- and patient-related factors and the effects of photofunctionalisation associated with early failure in patients who underwent treatment using the all-on-four concept in both the maxilla and mandible. We conducted this retrospective study comprising 561 patients with 2364 implants who underwent implant-supported immediate loading with fixed full-arch rehabilitation using the all-on-four concept. We aimed to assess the survival rate within 1 year after implantation and determine the risk factors influencing early failure. The 1-year survival rates after implantation were 97.1% (patient level) and 98.9% (implant level) for the maxilla and 98.5% (patient level) and 99.6% (implant level) for the mandible. There was a significant difference in the implant-level survival rates between the maxilla and mandible, with a lower rate in the maxilla (p = 0.043). The risk factors associated with early implant failure according to the all-on-four concept included the maxilla (implant level) and smoking (patient level). We could not find a significant effect of photofunctionalisation on early failure (p = 0.25) following this treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Uesugi
- Malo Dental & Medical Tokyo, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shimoo
- Malo Dental & Medical Tokyo, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Motohiro Munakata
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Yu Kataoka
- Department of Oral Biomaterials and Technology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Kikue Yamaguchi
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | - Minoru Sanda
- Department of Prosthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
| | | | | | - Tae Watanabe
- Malo Dental & Medical Tokyo, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan
| | - Paulo Malo
- Malo Dental & Medical Tokyo, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan
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12
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Hayashi R, Takao S, Komasa S, Sekino T, Kusumoto T, Maekawa K. Effects of Argon Gas Plasma Treatment on Biocompatibility of Nanostructured Titanium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:149. [PMID: 38203320 PMCID: PMC10779263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we applied argon plasma treatment to titanium surfaces with nanostructures deposited by concentrated alkali treatment and investigated the effects on the surface of the material and the tissue surrounding an implant site. The results showed that the treatment with argon plasma removed carbon contaminants and increased the surface energy of the material while the nanoscale network structure deposited on the titanium surface remained in place. Reactive oxygen species reduced the oxidative stress of bone marrow cells on the treated titanium surface, creating a favorable environment for cell proliferation. Good results were observed in vitro evaluations using rat bone marrow cells. The group treated with argon plasma exhibited the highest apatite formation in experiments using simulated body fluids. The results of in vivo evaluation using rat femurs revealed that the treatment improved the amount of new bone formation around an implant. Thus, the results demonstrate that argon plasma treatment enhances the ability of nanostructured titanium surfaces to induce hard tissue differentiation and supports new bone formation around an implant site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Hayashi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan; (R.H.); (S.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Seiji Takao
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan; (R.H.); (S.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Satoshi Komasa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan; (R.H.); (S.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Tohru Sekino
- Department of Advanced Hard Materials, SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Tetsuji Kusumoto
- Department of Oral Health Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University, 1-4-4, Makino-honmachi, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Kenji Maekawa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan; (R.H.); (S.T.); (K.M.)
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13
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Wu H, Ueno T, Nozaki K, Xu H, Nakano Y, Chen P, Wakabayashi N. Lithium-Modified TiO 2 Surface by Anodization for Enhanced Protein Adsorption and Cell Adhesion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55232-55243. [PMID: 38014813 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Promoting osseointegration is an essential step in improving implant success rates. Lithium has gradually gained popularity for promoting alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic gene expression in osteoblasts. The incorporation of lithium into a titanium surface has been reported to change its surface charge, thereby enhancing its biocompatibility. In this study, we applied anodization as a novel approach to immobilizing Li on a titanium surface and evaluated the changes in its surface characteristics. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Li treatment of titanium on typical proteins, such as albumin, laminin, and fibronectin, in terms of their adsorption level as well as on the attachment of osteoblast cells. Titanium disks were acid-etched by 66 wt % H2SO4 at 120 °C for 90 s and set as the control group. The etched samples were placed in contact with an anode, while a platinum bar served as the counter electrode. Both electrodes were mounted on a custom electrochemical cell filled with 1 M LiCl. The samples were anodized at constant voltages of 1, 3, and 9 V. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) results showed no significant differences in the topography. However, the ζ potentials of the 3 V group were higher than those of the control group at a physiological pH of 7.4. Interestingly, the adsorption level of the extracellular matrix protein was mostly enhanced on the 3 V-anodized surface. The number of attached cells on the Li-anodized surfaces increased. The localization of vinculin at the tips of the stretching cytoplasmic projections was observed more frequently in the osteoblasts on the 3 V-anodized surface. Although the optimal concentration or voltage for Li application should be investigated further, this study suggests that anodization could be an effective method to immobilize lithium ions on a titanium surface and that modifying the surface charge characteristics enables a direct protein-to-material interaction with enhanced biological adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaze Wu
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueno
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nozaki
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Huichuan Xu
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakano
- Anton Paar Japan K.K, Riverside Sumida Central Tower Palace, 1-19-9 Tsutsumidori, Sumida City 131-0034, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peng Chen
- Division of Interdisciplinary Co-Creation (ICC-Division), Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku 980-8575, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Wakabayashi
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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14
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Komatsu K, Matsuura T, Suzumura T, Ogawa T. Genome-wide transcriptional responses of osteoblasts to different titanium surface topographies. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100852. [PMID: 38024842 PMCID: PMC10663851 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the first genome-wide transcriptional profiling study using RNA-sequencing to investigate osteoblast responses to different titanium surface topographies, specifically between machined, smooth and acid-etched, microrough surfaces. Rat femoral osteoblasts were cultured on machine-smooth and acid-etched microrough titanium disks. The culture system was validated through a series of assays confirming reduced osteoblast attachment, slower proliferation, and faster differentiation on microrough surfaces. RNA-sequencing analysis of osteoblasts at an early stage of culture revealed that gene expression was highly correlated (r = 0.975) between the two topographies, but 1.38 % genes were upregulated and 0.37 % were downregulated on microrough surfaces. Upregulated transcripts were enriched for immune system, plasma membrane, response to external stimulus, and positive regulation to stimulus processes. Structural mapping confirmed microrough surface-promoted gene sharing and networking in signaling pathways and immune system/responses. Target-specific pathway analysis revealed that Rho family G-protein signaling pathways and actin genes, responsible for the formation of stress fibers, cytoplasmic projections, and focal adhesion, were upregulated on microrough surfaces without upregulation of core genes triggered by cell-to-cell interactions. Furthermore, disulfide-linked or -targeted extracellular matrix (ECM) or membranous glycoproteins such as laminin, fibronectin, CD36, and thrombospondin were highly expressed on microrough surfaces. Finally, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1, whose co-expression reduces cell proliferation, were upregulated on microrough surfaces. Thus, osteoblasts on microrough surfaces were characterized by upregulation of genes related to a wide range of functions associated with the immune system, stress/stimulus responses, proliferation control, skeletal and cytoplasmic signaling, ECM-integrin receptor interactions, and ECM-membranous glycoprotein interactions, furthering our knowledge of the surface-dependent expression of osteoblastic biomarkers on titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Komatsu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Toshikatsu Suzumura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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15
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Suzumura T, Matsuura T, Komatsu K, Sugita Y, Maeda H, Ogawa T. Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Light Photofunctionalization to Induce Human Oral Fibroblast Transmigration on Zirconia. Cells 2023; 12:2542. [PMID: 37947620 PMCID: PMC10647316 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue adhesion and sealing around dental and maxillofacial implants, related prosthetic components, and crowns are a clinical imperative to prevent adverse outcomes of periodontitis and periimplantitis. Zirconia is often used to fabricate implant components and crowns. Here, we hypothesized that UV treatment of zirconia would induce unique behaviors in fibroblasts that favor the establishment of a soft tissue seal. Human oral fibroblasts were cultured on zirconia specimens to confluency before placing a second zirconia specimen (either untreated or treated with one minute of 172 nm vacuum UV (VUV) light) next to the first specimen separated by a gap of 150 µm. After seven days of culture, fibroblasts only transmigrated onto VUV-treated zirconia, forming a 2.36 mm volume zone and 5.30 mm leading edge. Cells migrating on VUV-treated zirconia were enlarged, with robust formation of multidirectional cytoplastic projections, even on day seven. Fibroblasts were also cultured on horizontally placed and 45° and 60° tilted zirconia specimens, with the latter configurations compromising initial attachment and proliferation. However, VUV treatment of zirconia mitigated the negative impact of tilting, with higher tilt angles increasing the difference in cellular behavior between control and VUV-treated specimens. Fibroblast size, perimeter, and diameter on day seven were greater than on day one exclusively on VUV-treated zirconia. VUV treatment reduced surface elemental carbon and induced superhydrophilicity, confirming the removal of the hydrocarbon pellicle. Similar effects of VUV treatment were observed on glazed zirconia specimens with silica surfaces. One-minute VUV photofunctionalization of zirconia and silica therefore promotes human oral fibroblast attachment and proliferation, especially under challenging culture conditions, and induces specimen-to-specimen transmigration and sustainable photofunctionalization for at least seven days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikatsu Suzumura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
- Department of Oral Pathology/Forensic Odontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Sugita
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
- Department of Oral Pathology/Forensic Odontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Hatsuhiko Maeda
- Department of Oral Pathology/Forensic Odontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
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16
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Kitajima H, Hirota M, Iwai T, Mitsudo K, Saruta J, Ogawa T. Synergistic Enhancement of Protein Recruitment and Retention via Implant Surface Microtopography and Superhydrophilicity in a Computational Fluid Dynamics Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15618. [PMID: 37958605 PMCID: PMC10649348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanisms by which implant surface properties govern osseointegration are incompletely understood. To gain insights into this process, we examined alterations in protein and blood recruitment around screw implants with different surface topographies and wettability using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Compared with a smooth surface, a microrough implant surface reduced protein infiltration from the outer zone to the implant thread and interface zones by over two-fold. However, the microrough implant surface slowed blood flow in the interface zone by four-fold. As a result, compared with the smooth surface, the microrough surface doubled the protein recruitment/retention index, defined as the mass of proteins present in the area per unit time. Converting implant surfaces from hydrophobic to superhydrophilic increased the mass of protein infiltration 2-3 times and slowed down blood flow by up to two-fold in the implant vicinity for both smooth and microrough surfaces. The protein recruitment/retention index was highest at the implant interface when the implant surface was superhydrophilic and microrough. Thus, this study demonstrates distinct control of the mass and speed of protein and blood flow through implant surface topography, wettability, and their combination, significantly altering the efficiency of protein recruitment. Although microrough surfaces showed both positive and negative impacts on protein recruitment over smooth surfaces, superhydrophilicity was consistently positive regardless of surface topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kitajima
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; (H.K.); (M.H.); (J.S.)
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (K.M.)
| | - Makoto Hirota
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; (H.K.); (M.H.); (J.S.)
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Orthodontics, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-0024, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshinori Iwai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (K.M.)
| | - Kenji Mitsudo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan; (T.I.); (K.M.)
| | - Juri Saruta
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; (H.K.); (M.H.); (J.S.)
- Department of Education Planning, School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 238-8580, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; (H.K.); (M.H.); (J.S.)
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
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17
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Kitajima H, Hirota M, Osawa K, Iwai T, Saruta J, Mitsudo K, Ogawa T. Optimization of blood and protein flow around superhydrophilic implant surfaces by promoting contact hemodynamics. J Prosthodont Res 2023; 67:568-582. [PMID: 36543189 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_22_00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined blood and protein dynamics potentially influenced by implant threads and hydrophilic/hydrophobic states of implant surfaces. METHODS A computational fluid dynamics model was created for a screw-shaped implant with a water contact angle of 70° (hydrophobic surface) and 0° (superhydrophilic surface). Movements and density of blood and fibrinogen as a representative wound healing protein were visualized and quantified during constant blood inflow. RESULTS Blood plasma did not occupy 40-50% of the implant interface or the inside of threads around hydrophobic implants, whereas such blood voids were nearly completely eliminated around superhydrophilic implants. Whole blood field vectors were disorganized and random within hydrophobic threads but formed vortex nodes surrounded by stable blood streams along the superhydrophilic implant surface. The averaged vector within threads was away from the implant surface for the hydrophobic implant and towards the implant surface for the superhydrophilic implant. Rapid and massive whole blood influx into the thread zone was only seen for the superhydrophilic implant, whereas a line of conflicting vectors formed at the entrance of the thread area of the hydrophobic implant to prevent blood influx. The fibrinogen density was up to 20-times greater at the superhydrophilic implant interface than the hydrophobic one. Fibrinogen density was higher at the interface than outside the threads only for the superhydrophilic implant. CONCLUSIONS Implant threads and surface hydrophilicity have profound effects on vector and distribution of blood and proteins. Critically, implant threads formed significant biological voids at the interface that were negated by superhydrophilicity-induced contact hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kitajima
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirota
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Orthodontics, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohei Osawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshinori Iwai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Juri Saruta
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Education Planning, School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Kenji Mitsudo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA
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18
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Nevins M, Chen CY, Parma-Benfenati S, Kim DM. Gas Plasma Treatment Improves Titanium Dental Implant Osseointegration-A Preclinical In Vivo Experimental Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1181. [PMID: 37892911 PMCID: PMC10604242 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent technological advancements led to the development of various plasma-based technologies for post-packaging modifications. The purpose of the present preclinical in vivo study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel chairside nonthermal gas plasma treatment for enhancing osseointegration of titanium implants. Six male mixed foxhounds underwent extraction of mandibular premolars and first molars, and the sockets healed for 42 days. Canine mandibles were randomized to receive either plasma-treated (test) or non-plasma-treated (control) dental implants. A total of 36 implants were placed in six animals, and they were sacrificed at 2 weeks (two animals), 4 weeks (two animals), and 6 weeks (two animals) after the implant surgery. When the radiographic analysis was performed, the changes in bone level were not statistically significant between the two groups at 2 weeks and 4 weeks. The difference became significant at 6 weeks (p = 0.016), indicating more bone loss from baseline to 6 weeks for the control group. The bone-to-implant contact (BIC) appeared to be higher for the test groups at all time points, and the BIC was significantly higher for the test group at 4 weeks (p = 0.046). In conclusion, this study underscored the potential of nonthermal plasma treatment in enhancing implant osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myron Nevins
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Division of Periodontology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.N.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chia-Yu Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Division of Periodontology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.N.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | | | - David M. Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Division of Periodontology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.N.); (C.-Y.C.)
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19
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Kido D, Komatsu K, Suzumura T, Matsuura T, Cheng J, Kim J, Park W, Ogawa T. Influence of Surface Contaminants and Hydrocarbon Pellicle on the Results of Wettability Measurements of Titanium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14688. [PMID: 37834133 PMCID: PMC10572547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity-or wettability-is a key surface characterization metric for titanium used in dental and orthopedic implants. However, the effects of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity on biological capability remain uncertain, and the relationships between surface wettability and other surface parameters, such as topography and chemistry, are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to identify determinants of surface wettability of titanium and establish the reliability and validity of the assessment. Wettability was evaluated as the contact angle of ddH2O. The age of titanium specimens significantly affected the contact angle, with acid-etched, microrough titanium surfaces becoming superhydrophilic immediately after surface processing, hydrophobic after 7 days, and hydrorepellent after 90 days. Similar age-related loss of hydrophilicity was also confirmed on sandblasted supra-micron rough surfaces so, regardless of surface topography, titanium surfaces eventually become hydrophobic or hydrorepellent with time. On age-standardized titanium, surface roughness increased the contact angle and hydrophobicity. UV treatment of titanium regenerated the superhydrophilicity regardless of age or surface roughness, with rougher surfaces becoming more superhydrophilic than machined surfaces after UV treatment. Conditioning titanium surfaces by autoclaving increased the hydrophobicity of already-hydrophobic surfaces, whereas conditioning with 70% alcohol and hydrating with water or saline attenuated pre-existing hydrophobicity. Conversely, when titanium surfaces were superhydrophilic like UV-treated ones, autoclaving and alcohol cleaning turned the surfaces hydrorepellent and hydrophobic, respectively. UV treatment recovered hydrophilicity without exception. In conclusion, surface roughness accentuates existing wettability and can either increase or decrease the contact angle. Titanium must be age-standardized when evaluating surface wettability. Surface conditioning techniques significantly but unpredictably affect existing wettability. These implied that titanium wettability is significantly influenced by the hydrocarbon pellicle and other contaminants inevitably accumulated. UV treatment may be an effective strategy to standardize wettability by making all titanium surfaces superhydrophilic, thereby allowing the characterization of individual surface topography and chemistry parameters in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kido
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Toshikatsu Suzumura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - James Cheng
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Jeong Kim
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Wonhee Park
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
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20
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Houshmand B, Rezaei Esfahroodi Z, Behnamghader A, Mohammadreza S, Azizi A, Ramezani K. Evaluation of UV photofunctionalization effect on ultrastructural properties of SLA titanium disks: An in vitro study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PERIODONTOLOGY & IMPLANT DENTISTRY 2023; 15:117-122. [PMID: 38357335 PMCID: PMC10862043 DOI: 10.34172/japid.2023.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background The success rate of dental implants diminishes over time; the lack of osseointegration and infection are the major causes of most implant failures. One of the effective methods to improve the surface properties is to irradiate ultraviolet (UV) light. This study investigated the effect of UV photofunctionalization on the ultrasuperficial properties of sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) titanium discs. Methods In this in vitro study, 24 sandblasted and acid-etched titanium discs, with a lifespan of more than four weeks, were categorized into three groups (n=8): control, ultraviolet C (UVC), and ultraviolet B (UVB). Then, they were exposed to a UV light source for 48 hours at a 1-cm distance. In addition to measuring the contact angle between the liquid and the disc surface in each of the three groups, the atomic concentrations of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms were measured at three different sites on each disc. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests were used to analyze data. Results The mean concentration of carbon atoms significantly differed in the control, UVC, and UVB groups (P<0.001). The mean concentrations of nitrogen atoms differed significantly between the three groups (P<0.001). However, the mean concentrations of oxygen atoms were not significantly different between the three groups. In examining the contact angle, wettability was higher in the UVC group than in the UVB group and higher in the UBV group than in the control group. Conclusion Photofunctionalization with UV light significantly decreased carbon and nitrogen concentrations on the surface of titanium implants, indicating that the implant's superficial hydrocarbons were eliminated. It was observed that UVC photofunctionalization was more effective than UVB photofunctionalization in reducing superficial contamination and improving wettability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Houshmand
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Rezaei Esfahroodi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sadegh Mohammadreza
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Aytan Azizi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Kave Ramezani
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Kitajima H, Hirota M, Osawa K, Iwai T, Mitsudo K, Saruta J, Ogawa T. The Effects of a Biomimetic Hybrid Meso- and Nano-Scale Surface Topography on Blood and Protein Recruitment in a Computational Fluid Dynamics Implant Model. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:376. [PMID: 37622981 PMCID: PMC10452410 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8040376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying bone-implant integration, or osseointegration, are still incompletely understood, in particular how blood and proteins are recruited to implant surfaces. The objective of this study was to visualize and quantify the flow of blood and the model protein fibrinogen using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) implant model. Implants with screws were designed with three different surface topographies: (1) amorphous, (2) nano-trabecular, and (3) hybrid meso-spikes and nano-trabeculae. The implant with nano-topography recruited more blood and fibrinogen to the implant interface than the amorphous implant. Implants with hybrid topography further increased recruitment, with particularly efficient recruitment from the thread area to the interface. Blood movement significantly slowed at the implant interface compared with the thread area for all implants. The blood velocity at the interface was 3- and 4-fold lower for the hybrid topography compared with the nano-topography and amorphous surfaces, respectively. Thus, this study for the first time provides insights into how different implant surfaces regulate blood dynamics and the potential advantages of surface texturization in blood and protein recruitment and retention. In particular, co-texturization with a hybrid meso- and nano-topography created the most favorable microenvironment. The established CFD model is simple, low-cost, and expected to be useful for a wide range of studies designing and optimizing implants at the macro and micro levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kitajima
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA (M.H.); (J.S.)
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (K.O.); (T.I.); (K.M.)
| | - Makoto Hirota
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA (M.H.); (J.S.)
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Orthodontics, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan
| | - Kohei Osawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (K.O.); (T.I.); (K.M.)
| | - Toshinori Iwai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (K.O.); (T.I.); (K.M.)
| | - Kenji Mitsudo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (K.O.); (T.I.); (K.M.)
| | - Juri Saruta
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA (M.H.); (J.S.)
- Department of Education Planning, School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA (M.H.); (J.S.)
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
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22
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Lou Y, Sun M, Zhang J, Wang Y, Ma H, Sun Z, Li S, Weng X, Ying B, Liu C, Yu M, Wang H. Ultraviolet Light-Based Micropattern Printing on Titanium Surfaces to Promote Early Osseointegration. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203300. [PMID: 37119120 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Patterned interfaces are widely used for surface modification of biomaterials because of a morphological unit similar to that of native tissue. However, engineering fast and cost-effective high-resolution micropatterns directly onto titanium surfaces remains a grand challenge. Herein, a simply designed ultraviolet (UV) light-based micropattern printing to obtain geometrical patterns on implant interfaces is fabricated by utilizing customized photomasks and titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanorods as a photo-responsive platform. The technique manipulates the cytoskeleton of micropatterning cells on the surface of TiO2 nanorods. The linear pattern surface shows the elongated morphology and parallel linear arrangements of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), significantly enhancing their osteogenic differentiation. In addition to the upregulated expression of key osteo-specific function genes in vitro, the accelerated osseointegration between the implant and the host bone is obtained in vivo. Further investigation indicates that the developed linear pattern surface has an outstanding effect on the cytoskeletal system, and finally activates Yes-Associated Protein (YAP)-mediated mechanotransduction pathways, initiating hMSCs osteogenic differentiation. This study not only offers a microfabrication method that can be extended to fabricate various shape- and size-controlled micropatterns on titanium surfaces, but also provides insight into the surface structure design for enhanced bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Lou
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Mouyuan Sun
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Haiying Ma
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Zheyuan Sun
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, 59 Liuting street, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Weng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Ruian People's Hospital), 168 Ruifeng Avenue, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325016, China
| | - Binbin Ying
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, 59 Liuting street, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Mengfei Yu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
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23
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Gund MP, Naim J, Lehmann A, Hannig M, Linsenmann C, Schindler A, Rupf S. Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Pre-Treatment of Titanium on the Biological Activity of Primary Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041185. [PMID: 37189803 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma treatment (CAP) enables the contactless modification of titanium. This study aimed to investigate the attachment of primary human gingival fibroblasts on titanium. Machined and microstructured titanium discs were exposed to cold atmospheric plasma, followed by the application of primary human gingival fibroblasts onto the disc. The fibroblast cultures were analyzed by fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy and cell-biological tests. The treated titanium displayed a more homogeneous and denser fibroblast coverage, while its biological behavior was not altered. This study demonstrated for the first time the beneficial effect of CAP treatment on the initial attachment of primary human gingival fibroblasts on titanium. The results support the application of CAP in the context of pre-implantation conditioning, as well as of peri-implant disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madline P Gund
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jusef Naim
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Antje Lehmann
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification (IOM), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- ADMEDES GmbH, 75179 Pforzheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Constanze Linsenmann
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Axel Schindler
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification (IOM), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Piloto Consulting Ion Beam and Plasma Technologies, 04668 Grimma, Germany
| | - Stefan Rupf
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Synoptic Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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24
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Ghambaryan N, Jilavyan A, Burnazyan S, Khudaverdyan M, Gegham T, Hakobyan G. Clinical Outcome of Immediate Loading UV-Photofunctionalized Implants in Patients with Completely Edentulous Mandible, Placed with Guided Surgery. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2023; 22:64-75. [PMID: 37041958 PMCID: PMC10082880 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-022-01798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical results of immediate loading UV-photofunctionalized dental implants placed using guided surgery in patients with completely edentulous mandible. Material and Methods In this study, 58 fully edentulous patients were treated with immediate loading implant-supported mandibular prostheses. All patients underwent a thorough clinical examination according to the generally accepted scheme; qualitative and quantitative parameters of the jaw bones patients were diagnosed with cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT). Surgical templates modeled in the 3 Shape software were made from biocompatible polymeric materials and provided with depth-calibrated drill sleeves for preparing osteotomies using a 3D printer (Stratasys). Before short implant placement, ultraviolet functionalization of implant surfaces was performed by UV Activator YWJ-QSY001 (Foshan, Wenjian Medikal Enstriman) in the device for 20 s. After flapless surgery, implant sockets were prepared with guided surgery and implants were placed through the sleeves of the surgical template tightening torque of 35-45 Ncm. An implant-supported temporary prosthesis made of acrylic resin was installed 6 h after implantation. Final dental prosthetics was performed 2 months after implant placement.The patients had 128 short (length 5-6 mm, diameters 4,5-5 mm) and 256 implants with length greater than 10 mm in bone segments with sufficient bone parameters. The following parameters were assessed: implant success, prosthetics survival and changes in peri-implant marginal bone loss (MBL). Results During a clinical examination, no serious biological or prosthetic complications have been reported. The esthetic result evaluated from patients was excellent. The mean ISQ of short implants was 69.2 ± 8 for primary stability at implant placement and 73.6 ± 4 ISQ after 3 months. The mean of implants with length greater than 10 mm was 71,2ISQ at implant placement, respectively, and 75,6 ISQ after 3 months. After 3 months of prosthetic loading for short implants marginal bone loss (MBL) 0.74 mm, after 1 year of MBL 11.21 mm, after 5 years of MBL 1,37 mm, for implants with length greater than 10 mm after 3 months of MBL 0.72 mm, after 1 year of MBL 1.19 mm and after 5 years of MBL 1.35. There was no statistically significant difference in clinical indices between short and standard implants. After 5 years of follow-up, stable levels of bone tissue around the implants and healthy tissues around the implants were recorded, and postoperative occlusal function was favorable. The success rates of the short implants in maxilla were 95.5%, and the success rates of the short implants in mandible were 98.7%. The success rates of the implants with length greater than 10 mm in maxilla were 97.8%, and the success rates of the implants with length greater than 10 mm in mandible were 98.8%. Conclusion Computer-guided implant surgery and immediate loading of UV-photofunctionalized implants in patients with completely edentulous mandible are a predictable and effective method with a minimum rehabilitation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naira Ghambaryan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Kievyan str. 10 ap. 65, 0028 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ashot Jilavyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Kievyan str. 10 ap. 65, 0028 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Seda Burnazyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Kievyan str. 10 ap. 65, 0028 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Margarita Khudaverdyan
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Tunyan Gegham
- Department of Postgraduate Education, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Gagik Hakobyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Kievyan str. 10 ap. 65, 0028 Yerevan, Armenia
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25
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Wen Y, Dong H, Lin J, Zhuang X, Xian R, Li P, Li S. Response of Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Porphyromonas gingivalis to UVC-Activated Titanium Surfaces. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14030137. [PMID: 36976061 PMCID: PMC10051447 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14030137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization has been demonstrated to synergistically improve the osteoblast response and reduce biofilm formation on titanium (Ti) surfaces. However, it remains obscure how photofunctionalization affects soft tissue integration and microbial adhesion on the transmucosal part of a dental implant. This study aimed to investigate the effect of UVC (100–280 nm) pretreatment on the response of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. g.) to Ti-based implant surfaces. The smooth and anodized nano-engineered Ti-based surfaces were triggered by UVC irradiation, respectively. The results showed that both smooth and nano-surfaces acquired super hydrophilicity without structural alteration after UVC photofunctionalization. UVC-activated smooth surfaces enhanced the adhesion and proliferation of HGFs compared to the untreated smooth ones. Regarding the anodized nano-engineered surfaces, UVC pretreatment weakened the fibroblast attachment but had no adverse effects on proliferation and the related gene expression. Additionally, both Ti-based surfaces could effectively inhibit P. g. adhesion after UVC irradiation. Therefore, the UVC photofunctionalization could be more potentially favorable to synergistically improve the fibroblast response and inhibit P. g. adhesion on the smooth Ti-based surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wen
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jiating Lin
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xianxian Zhuang
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Ruoting Xian
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Ping Li
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Shaobing Li
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
- The First People’s Hospital of Kashgar Region, Kashgar 844000, China
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (S.L.)
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26
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In-Vitro Evaluation of Photofunctionalized Implant Surfaces in a High-Glucose Microenvironment Simulating Diabetics. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14030130. [PMID: 36976054 PMCID: PMC10056823 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of photofunctionalization on commercially available dental implant surfaces in a high-glucose environment. Discs of three commercially available implant surfaces were selected with various nano- and microstructural alterations (Group 1—laser-etched implant surface, Group 2—titanium–zirconium alloy surface, Group 3—air-abraded, large grit, acid-etched surface). They were subjected to photo-functionalization through UV irradiation for 60 and 90 min. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the implant surface chemical composition before and after photo-functionalization. The growth and bioactivity of MG63 osteoblasts in the presence of photofunctionalized discs was assessed in cell culture medium containing elevated glucose concentration. The normal osteoblast morphology and spreading behavior were assessed under fluorescence and phase-contrast microscope. MTT (3-(4,5 Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and alizarin red assay were performed to assess the osteoblastic cell viability and mineralization efficiency. Following photofunctionalization, all three implant groups exhibited a reduced carbon content, conversion of Ti4+ to Ti3+, increased osteoblastic adhesion, viability, and increased mineralization. The best osteoblastic adhesion in the medium with increased glucose was seen in Group 3. Photofunctionalization altered the implant surface chemistry by reducing the surface carbon content, probably rendering the surfaces more hydrophilic and conducive for osteoblastic adherence and subsequent mineralization in high-glucose environment.
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27
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Li M, Wang M, Wei L, Werner A, Liu Y. Biomimetic calcium phosphate coating on medical grade stainless steel improves surface properties and serves as a drug carrier for orthodontic applications. Dent Mater 2023; 39:152-161. [PMID: 36610898 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, stainless steel (SSL) miniscrew implants have been used in orthodontic clinics as temporary anchorage devices. Although they have excellent physical properties, their biocompatibility is relatively poor. Previously, our group developed a two-phase biomimetic calcium phosphate (BioCaP) coating that can significantly improve the biocompatibility of medical devices. This study aimed to improve the biocompatibility of SSL by coating SSL surface with the BioCaP coating. METHODS Titanium (Ti) discs and SSL discs (diameter: 5 mm, thickness: 1 mm) were used in this study. To form an amorphous layer, the Ti discs were immersed in a biomimetic modified Tyrode solution (BMT) for 24 h. The SSL discs were immersed in the same solution for 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h. To form a crystalline layer, the discs were then immersed in a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution (CPS) for 48 h. The surface properties of the BioCaP coatings were analysed. In addition, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was incorporated into the crystalline layer during biomimetic mineralisation as a model protein. RESULTS The morphology, chemical composition and drug loading capacity of the BioCaP coating on smooth SSL were confirmed. This coating improved roughness and wettability of SSL surface. In vitro, with the extension of BMT coating period, the cell seeding efficiency, cell spreading area and cell proliferation on the BioCaP coating were increased. SIGNIFICANCE These in vitro results show that the BioCaP coating can improve surface properties of smooth medical grade SSL and serve as a carrier system for bioactive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghong Li
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lingfei Wei
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Oral Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, China; Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, China
| | - Arie Werner
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yuelian Liu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Kemuriyama S, Aita H, Maida T, Kawamura N, Nezu T, Iijima M, Endo K, Koshino H. Effect of photofunctionalization on titanium bone-implant integration in ovariectomized rats. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:11-18. [PMID: 36123044 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is considered a risk factor for osseointegration during implant treatment. Photofunctionalization of titanium has been shown to improve bone-based cell adhesion, proliferation, and functional expression, increasing the bone-implant contact rate and bone-implant integration strength. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that photofunctionalization is effective for implant fixation using an osteoporosis rat model. In the biomechanical push-in test, the bone-implant integration strength of the photofunctionalization treatment group was 1.53 times that of the control group (p<0.05). These values implied that photofunctionalization restored the ovariectomy-induced low bone-implant integration strength to normal states. In the micro-CT analysis, the BV/TV of the photofunctionalization treatment group was 1.32 times that of the control group (p<0.05). These values implied that photofunctionalization restored the ovariectomy-induced low peri-implant bone formation to normal states. These results indicate that photofunctionalization treatment increased peri-implant bone formation and bone-implant integration strength in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kemuriyama
- Division of Geriatric Dentistry, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Hideki Aita
- Division of Geriatric Dentistry, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Takeo Maida
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | | | - Takashi Nezu
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Masahiro Iijima
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Kazuhiko Endo
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Hisashi Koshino
- Division of Occlusion and Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
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Tuna T, Wein M, Altmann B, Steinberg T, Fischer J, Att W. Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on the Surface and Attractiveness of Various Zirconia Implant Materials on Human Osteoblasts: An In Vitro Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:961. [PMID: 36769968 PMCID: PMC9918077 DOI: 10.3390/ma16030961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the surface properties of various zirconia-based dental implant materials and the response of human alveolar bone osteoblasts. For this purpose, discs of two zirconia-based materials with smooth and roughened surfaces were immersed in 20% H2O2 for two hours. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopy showed no topographic changes after H2O2-treatment. Contact angle measurements (1), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2) and X-ray diffraction (3) indicated that H2O2-treated surfaces (1) increased in hydrophilicity (p < 0.05) and (2) on three surfaces the carbon content decreased (33-60%), while (3) the monoclinic phase increased on all surfaces. Immunofluorescence analysis of the cell area and DNA-quantification and alkaline phosphatase activity revealed no effect of H2O2-treatment on cell behavior. Proliferation activity was significantly higher on three of the four untreated surfaces, especially on the smooth surfaces (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that exposure of zirconia surfaces to 20% H2O2 for 2 h increases the wettability of the surfaces, but also seems to increase the monoclinic phase, especially on roughened surfaces, which can be considered detrimental to material stability. Moreover, the H2O2-treatment has no influence on osteoblast behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taskin Tuna
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, RWTH University Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Wein
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Altmann
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Fischer
- Division of Biomaterials and Technology, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry University Center for Dental Medicine UZB, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wael Att
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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A Novel High-Energy Vacuum Ultraviolet Light Photofunctionalization Approach for Decomposing Organic Molecules around Titanium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031978. [PMID: 36768297 PMCID: PMC9916712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium undergoes biological aging, represented by increased hydrophobicity and surface accumulation of organic molecules over time, which compromises the osseointegration of dental and orthopedic implants. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a novel UV light source, 172 nm wavelength vacuum UV (VUV), in decomposing organic molecules around titanium. Methylene blue solution used as a model organic molecule placed in a quartz ampoule with and without titanium specimens was treated with four different UV light sources: (i) ultraviolet C (UVC), (ii) high-energy UVC (HUVC), (iii) proprietary UV (PUV), and (iv) VUV. After one minute of treatment, VUV decomposed over 90% of methylene blue, while there was 3-, 3-, and 8-fold more methylene blue after the HUVC, PUV, and UVC treatments, respectively. In dose-dependency experiments, maximal methylene blue decomposition occurred after one minute of VUV treatment and after 20-30 min of UVC treatment. Rapid and effective VUV-mediated organic decomposition was not influenced by the surface topography of titanium or its alloy and even occurred in the absence of titanium, indicating only a minimal photocatalytic contribution of titanium dioxide to organic decomposition. VUV-mediated but not other light source-mediated methylene blue decomposition was proportional to its concentration. Plastic tubes significantly reduced methylene blue decomposition for all light sources. These results suggest that VUV, in synergy with quartz ampoules, mediates rapid and effective organic decomposition compared with other UV sources. This proof-of-concept study paves the way for rapid and effective VUV-powered photofunctionalization of titanium to overcome biological aging.
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Kaseem M, Choe HC. Synchronized Improvements in the Protective and Bioactive Properties of Plasma-Electrolyzed Layers via Cellulose Microcrystalline. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:197-210. [PMID: 36576437 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study reports synchronized improvements in the protective and bioactive properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy through the formation of titania-based inorganic layers by considering the role of cellulose microcrystalline (CMC) additive into account. Acetate-phosphate-based electrolyte with cellulose CMC is formulated for the first time to modify the porous structure of the oxide layers made via plasma electrolysis of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The presence of CMC (0, 1, 2, 3 g/L) changed the characteristics of plasma discharges where porous oxide layers with different pore sizes and surface roughness were obtained. A rough oxide layer with large pores was found in the 3 g/L CMC, while a slightly smoother oxide layer with smaller pores was obtained in the case of 2 g/L CMC. The -OH groups in CMC would facilitate the formation of an adsorption layer on the substrate surface, affecting the sparking behavior during plasma electrolysis (PE). Due to a synergy between controlled microstructure, surface roughness, and the insertion of bioactive phases, the coated samples in CMC-containing electrolytes displayed protective and bioactive properties simultaneously. Based on the obtained results, the samples coated in CMC-containing electrolytes can be used as safe implants to replace missing teeth in dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosab Kaseem
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul05006, South Korea
| | - Han-Choel Choe
- Advanced Functional Surface and Bio-materials Research Laboratory, Department of Dental Materials and Research Center of Surface Control for Oral Tissue Regeneration (BRL Center of NRF), College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju61452, South Korea
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Ma T, Zhang J, Sun S, Meng W, Zhang Y, Wu J. Current treatment methods to improve the bioactivity and bonding strength of PEEK for dental application: A systematic review. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Decomposing Organic Molecules on Titanium with Vacuum Ultraviolet Light for Effective and Rapid Photofunctionalization. J Funct Biomater 2022; 14:jfb14010011. [PMID: 36662058 PMCID: PMC9861116 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization counteracts the biological aging of titanium to increase the bioactivity and osseointegration of titanium implants. However, UV photofunctionalization currently requires long treatment times of between 12 min and 48 h, precluding routine clinical use. Here, we tested the ability of a novel, xenon excimer lamp emitting 172 nm vacuum UV (VUV) to decompose organic molecules coated on titanium as a surrogate of photofunctionalization. Methylene blue as a model organic molecule was coated on grade 4 commercially pure titanium and treated with four UV light sources: (i) ultraviolet C (UVC), (ii) high-energy UVC (HUVC), (iii) proprietary UV (PUV), and (iv) VUV. After one minute of treatment, VUV decomposed 57% of methylene blue compared with 2%, 36%, and 42% for UVC, HUVC, and PUV, respectively. UV dose-dependency testing revealed maximal methylene blue decomposition with VUV within one minute. Equivalent decomposition was observed on grade 5 titanium alloy specimens, and placing titanium specimens in quartz ampoules did not compromise efficacy. Methylene blue was decomposed even on polymethyl methacrylate acrylic specimens at 20-25% lower efficiency than on titanium specimens, indicating a relatively small contribution of titanium dioxide-mediated photocatalytic decomposition to the total decomposition. Load-testing revealed that VUV maintained high efficacy of methylene blue decomposition regardless of the coating density, whereas other UV light sources showed low efficacy with thin coatings and plateauing efficacy with thicker coatings. This study provides foundational data on rapid and efficient VUV-mediated organic decomposition on titanium. In synergy with quartz ampoules used as containers, VUV has the potential to overcome current technical challenges hampering the clinical application of UV photofunctionalization.
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Akashi Y, Shimoo Y, Hashiguchi H, Nakajima K, Kokubun K, Matsuzaka K. Effects of Excimer Laser Treatment of Zirconia Disks on the Adhesion of L929 Fibroblasts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:115. [PMID: 36614454 PMCID: PMC9821666 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion of zirconia and soft tissue is very important for the success of zirconia implants. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of excimer laser treatment of zirconia on the adhesion of L929 fibroblasts. In this study, polished zirconia disks treated with an excimer laser were the experimental group and untreated zirconia disks were the control group. Surface roughness and contact angles of zirconia disks were measured. mRNA expression levels of integrin β1 and collagen type I α1 in L929 fibroblasts cultured on zirconia disks were measured using qRT-PCR. Cell morphology was evaluated using 3D laser microscopy and the expression of vinculin was characterized using confocal microscopy. There was no significant difference in the surface roughness of zirconia disks, but contact angles were significantly lower. mRNA expression of integrin β1 was significantly higher at 3, 6 and 24 h and of collagen type I α1 was significantly higher at 6 and 24 h. L929 fibroblasts tended to form elongated microspikes and vinculin colocalization in those microspikes. Furthermore, vinculin was strongly expressed in filopodia of L929 fibroblasts at 24 h. These results suggest that excimer laser treatment improves adhesion between zirconia disks and L929 fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Akashi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shimoo
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
- MALO DENTAL and MEDICAL TOKYO, FUKUHARA GINZA 8F, 7-8-10 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan
| | - Hayato Hashiguchi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kei Nakajima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Kokubun
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsuzaka
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
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Kitajima H, Hirota M, Komatsu K, Isono H, Matsuura T, Mitsudo K, Ogawa T. Ultraviolet Light Treatment of Titanium Microfiber Scaffolds Enhances Osteoblast Recruitment and Osteoconductivity in a Vertical Bone Augmentation Model: 3D UV Photofunctionalization. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010019. [PMID: 36611812 PMCID: PMC9818481 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical bone augmentation to create host bone prior to implant placement is one of the most challenging regenerative procedures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the capacity of a UV-photofunctionalized titanium microfiber scaffold to recruit osteoblasts, generate intra-scaffold bone, and integrate with host bone in a vertical augmentation model with unidirectional, limited blood supply. Scaffolds were fabricated by molding and sintering grade 1 commercially pure titanium microfibers (20 μm diameter) and treated with UVC light (200-280 nm wavelength) emitted from a low-pressure mercury lamp for 20 min immediately before experiments. The scaffolds had an even and dense fiber network with 87% porosity and 20-50 mm inter-fiber distance. Surface carbon reduced from 30% on untreated scaffold to 10% after UV treatment, which corresponded to hydro-repellent to superhydrophilic conversion. Vertical infiltration testing revealed that UV-treated scaffolds absorbed 4-, 14-, and 15-times more blood, water, and glycerol than untreated scaffolds, respectively. In vitro, four-times more osteoblasts attached to UV-treated scaffolds than untreated scaffolds three hours after seeding. On day 2, there were 70% more osteoblasts on UV-treated scaffolds. Fluorescent microscopy visualized confluent osteoblasts on UV-treated microfibers two days after seeding but sparse and separated cells on untreated microfibers. Alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin gene expression were significantly greater in osteoblasts grown on UV-treated microfiber scaffolds. In an in vivo model of vertical augmentation on rat femoral cortical bone, the interfacial strength between innate cortical bone and UV-treated microfiber scaffold after two weeks of healing was double that observed between bone and untreated scaffold. Morphological and chemical analysis confirmed seamless integration of the innate cortical and regenerated bone within microfiber networks for UV-treated scaffolds. These results indicate synergy between titanium microfiber scaffolds and UV photofunctionalization to provide a novel and effective strategy for vertical bone augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kitajima
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences and Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirota
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences and Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Orthodontics, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-45-785-8438
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences and Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Hitoshi Isono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences and Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Kenji Mitsudo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences and Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
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Matsuura T, Komatsu K, Chao D, Lin YC, Oberoi N, McCulloch K, Cheng J, Orellana D, Ogawa T. Cell Type-Specific Effects of Implant Provisional Restoration Materials on the Growth and Function of Human Fibroblasts and Osteoblasts. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040243. [PMID: 36546943 PMCID: PMC9775359 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant provisional restorations should ideally be nontoxic to the contacting and adjacent tissues, create anatomical and biophysiological stability, and establish a soft tissue seal through interactions between prosthesis, soft tissue, and alveolar bone. However, there is a lack of robust, systematic, and fundamental data to inform clinical decision making. Here we systematically explored the biocompatibility of fibroblasts and osteoblasts in direct contact with, or close proximity to, provisional restoration materials. Human gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts were cultured on the "contact" effect and around the "proximity" effect with various provisional materials: bis-acrylic, composite, self-curing acrylic, and milled acrylic, with titanium alloy as a bioinert control. The number of fibroblasts and osteoblasts surviving and attaching to and around the materials varied considerably depending on the material, with milled acrylic the most biocompatible and similar to titanium alloy, followed by self-curing acrylic and little to no attachment on or around bis-acrylic and composite materials. Milled and self-curing acrylics similarly favored subsequent cellular proliferation and physiological functions such as collagen production in fibroblasts and alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblasts. Neither fibroblasts nor osteoblasts showed a functional phenotype when cultured with bis-acrylic or composite. By calculating a biocompatibility index for each material, we established that fibroblasts were more resistant to the cytotoxicity induced by most materials in direct contact, however, the osteoblasts were more resistant when the materials were in close proximity. In conclusion, there was a wide variation in the cytotoxicity of implant provisional restoration materials ranging from lethal and tolerant to near inert, and this cytotoxicity may be received differently between the different cell types and depending on their physical interrelationships.
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Osseointegration Properties of Titanium Implants Treated by Nonthermal Atmospheric-Pressure Nitrogen Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315420. [PMID: 36499747 PMCID: PMC9740438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure titanium is used in dental implants owing to its excellent biocompatibility and physical properties. However, the aging of the material during storage is detrimental to the long-term stability of the implant after implantation. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to improve the surface properties and circumvent the negative effects of material aging on titanium implants by using a portable handheld nonthermal plasma device capable of piezoelectric direct discharge to treat pure titanium discs with nitrogen gas. We evaluated the osteogenic properties of the treated samples by surface morphology and elemental analyses, as well as in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that nonthermal atmospheric-pressure nitrogen plasma can improve the hydrophilicity of pure titanium without damaging its surface morphology while introducing nitrogen-containing functional groups, thereby promoting cell attachment, proliferation, and osseointegration to some extent. Therefore, nitrogen plasma treatment may be a promising method for the rapid surface treatment of titanium implants.
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Clinical Effects of Photofunctionalization on Implant Stability and Marginal Bone Loss: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237042. [PMID: 36498616 PMCID: PMC9739233 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several clinical trials have recently been conducted to elucidate the effectiveness of photofunctionalization. The aim of this review was to systematically analyze the clinical effects of photofunctionalization on implant stability and marginal bone loss (MBL). METHODS An electronic search in four databases and a manual search were conducted in September 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), clinical controlled trials (CCTs), and cohort and case-control studies evaluating the effects of photofunctionalization on implant stability or marginal bone loss (MBL) in humans were included. The methodological quality assessment using RoB 2.0 and the ROBINS-I tool was performed based on different study designs. RESULTS Seven studies were included for a qualitative analysis, and five of them were chosen for a meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that photofunctionalization significantly improved the stability of the implant 2 months after implantation (p = 0.04; MD = 3.48; 95% CI = -0.23 to 6.73) and increased the osseointegration speed index (OSI) (p = 0.007; MD = 2.13; 95% CI = 0.57 to 3.68). However, no significant improvements of implant stability were observed 2 weeks (p = 0.62), 4 weeks (p = 0.31), nor 4 months (p = 0.24) after implantation. The evaluation presented no significant reductions in MBL. CONCLUSIONS Based on the positive effect of photofunctionalization on the rate of establishing implant stability, photofunctionalization may provide an effective and practical strategy to achieve faster osseointegration and reduce the overall healing time. Photofunctionalization appears to improve the implant stability. However, the clinical effect of photofunctionalization on MBL remains unclear due to the shortage of available studies.
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Roy M, Corti A, Dorocka-Bobkowska B, Pompella A. Positive Effects of UV-Photofunctionalization of Titanium Oxide Surfaces on the Survival and Differentiation of Osteogenic Precursor Cells-An In Vitro Study. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040265. [PMID: 36547525 PMCID: PMC9783962 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The UVC-irradiation ("UV-photofunctionalization") of titanium dental implants has proved to be capable of removing carbon contamination and restoring the ability of titanium surfaces to attract cells involved in the process of osteointegration, thus significantly enhancing the biocompatibility of implants and favoring the post-operative healing process. To what extent the effect of UVC irradiation is dependent on the type or the topography of titanium used, is still not sufficiently established. OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed at analyzing the effects of UV-photofunctionalization on the TiO2 topography, as well as on the gene expression patterns and the biological activity of osteogenic cells, i.e., osteogenic precursors cultured in vitro in the presence of different titanium specimens. METHODOLOGY The analysis of the surface roughness was performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on machined surface grade 2, and sand-blasted/acid-etched surface grades 2 and 4 titanium specimens. The expression of the genes related with the process of healing and osteogenesis was studied in the MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic murine cells, as well as in MSC murine stem cells, before and after exposure to differently treated TiO2 surfaces. RESULTS The AFM determinations showed that the surface topographies of titanium after the sand-blasting and acid-etching procedures, look very similar, independently of the grade of titanium. The UVC-irradiation of the TiO2 surface was found to induce an increase in the cell survival, attachment and proliferation, which was positively correlated with an increased expression of the osteogenesis-related genes Runx2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). CONCLUSION Overall, our findings expand and further support the current view that UV-photofunctionalization can indeed restore biocompatibility and osteointegration of TiO2 implants, and suggest that this at least in part occurs through a stimulation of the osteogenic differentiation of the precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Roy
- Department of Prosthodontics and Gerostomatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-792 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Corti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa Medical School, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Dorocka-Bobkowska
- Department of Prosthodontics and Gerostomatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-792 Poznan, Poland
| | - Alfonso Pompella
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa Medical School, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Lee H, Jeon HJ, Jung A, Kim J, Kim JY, Lee SH, Kim H, Yeom MS, Choe W, Gweon B, Lim Y. Improvement of osseointegration efficacy of titanium implant through plasma surface treatment. Biomed Eng Lett 2022; 12:421-432. [PMID: 36238369 PMCID: PMC9551159 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-022-00245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel plasma treatment source for generating cylindrical plasma on the surface of titanium dental implants is developed herein. Using the titanium implant as an electrode and the packaging wall as a dielectric barrier, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was generated, allowing the implant to remain sterile. Numerical and experimental investigations were conducted to determine the optimal discharge conditions for eliminating hydrocarbon impurities, which are known to degrade the bioactivity of the implant. XPS measurement confirmed that plasma treatment reduced the amount of carbon impurities on the implant surface by approximately 60%. Additionally, in vitro experiments demonstrated that the surface treatment significantly improved cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Collectively, we proposed a plasma treatment source for dental implants that successfully removes carbon impurities and facilitate the osseointegration of SLA implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungyu Lee
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 34141 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Jeon
- Plasmapp Co., Ltd, 372 Dongbu-daero, 18151 Osan-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, 05006 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 34141 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Kim
- Plasmapp Co., Ltd, 372 Dongbu-daero, 18151 Osan-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Plasmapp Co., Ltd, 372 Dongbu-daero, 18151 Osan-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Hosu Kim
- Plasmapp Co., Ltd, 372 Dongbu-daero, 18151 Osan-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Seop Yeom
- Seoul Top Dental Clinic, 345 Omok-ro, Yangchun-gu, 07999 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonho Choe
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 34141 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Gweon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, 05006 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youbong Lim
- Plasmapp Co., Ltd, 372 Dongbu-daero, 18151 Osan-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
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Yanagisawa N, Ikeda T, Takatsu M, Urata K, Nishio K, Tanaka H, Kawato T, Iinuma T. Human Gingival Fibroblast Attachment to Smooth Titanium Disks with Different Surface Roughnesses. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040164. [PMID: 36278721 PMCID: PMC9624341 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a significant problem associated with dental implants. It has been hypothesized that creating a soft-tissue seal around the implant neck prevents peri-implantitis. This study aims to clarify the effects of the surface smoothness of titanium disks on soft tissues. Thus, titanium disks were prepared through electrolytic composite polishing (ECP), sisal buffing (SB), hairline polishing (HP), and laser cutting (LC). The surface roughness values of seven items was measured. For ECP, SB, HP, and LC samples, the Ra values were 0.075, 0.217, 0.671, and 1.024 μm and the Sa values were 0.005, 0.115, 0.500, and 0.676, respectively, indicating that the surface roughness was remarkably lower with ECP. Moreover, the Wsk values for ECP, SB, HP, and LC were 0.521, 1.018, -0.678, and -0.558, respectively. The smooth surfaces produced by ECP and SB were biased toward the concave surface, whereas those produced by HP and LC were biased toward the convex surface. The Rku values for ECP, SB, HP, and LC were 2.984, 11.774, 14.182, and 26.232, respectively. Only the ECP exhibited a moderate bias peak and produced an extremely smooth surface. The contact angles in the cases of ECP, SB, HP, and LC were 60.1°, 66.3°, 68.4°, and 79.3°, respectively, indicating the hydrophobicity of the titanium disks. Human oral fibroblasts were then incubated on each disk for 24 and 48 h to measure cell attachment, and no significant differences were observed. The differences in Ra and Sa did not affect cell attachment. Therefore, by applying ECP to the abutment or implant neck, the cell attachment required for soft-tissue formation while preventing bacterial adhesion can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yanagisawa
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ikeda
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3219-8143
| | - Masaki Takatsu
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kentaro Urata
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nishio
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanaka
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawato
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Iinuma
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
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42
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Jin S, Yamamoto Y, Harada Y, Kaneko S, Oishi K, Ishibashi Y. Effectiveness of photofunctionalized titanium alloy on osseointegration in rats with type 2 diabetes. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:445. [PMID: 36209088 PMCID: PMC9548098 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ultraviolet (UV) light-mediated photofunctionalization improves the osseointegration of pure titanium and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). However, little is known about the effect of UV irradiation on Ti6Al4V, used frequently in orthopedic surgery, in diabetic patients. We examined the effect of UV irradiation on Ti6Al4V in rats with type 2 diabetes. Methods Cylinder Ti6Al4V implants were used. Half the animals were Sprague Dawley rats (the control group), and the other half were Spontaneously Diabetic Torii fatty rats (the diabetes mellitus model). For radiological analysis, bone density was observed and calculated using 3D microcomputed tomography. Histological analysis was performed to calculate the bone–implant contact (BIC) ratio. We used Pearson correlation to analyze the correlation between average blood glucose level and BIC ratio, and between average blood glucose level and bone volume (BV) ratio. Results In the UV light-treated group, the BIC ratios of the normal and diabetic rats increased significantly compared with those in the untreated group at 2 weeks; at 4 weeks, the BIC ratio of the diabetic rats increased significantly, but there was no significant increase in the control animals. In both the control and diabetic groups, there was no significant difference in the BV ratios between the UV-treated and untreated implants at 2 or 4 weeks. The average blood glucose level in the 4-week group negatively correlated with the BIC and BV ratios. The average blood glucose level in the UV-treated group negatively correlated with the BIC ratio. Conclusion Photofunctionalization of Ti6Al4V implants may promote osseointegration in the early stages in rats with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdao Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Harada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Sho Kaneko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kazuki Oishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
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Chang LC. Clinical Applications of Photofunctionalization on Dental Implant Surfaces: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195823. [PMID: 36233693 PMCID: PMC9571244 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental implant therapy is a common clinical procedure for the restoration of missing teeth. Many methods have been used to promote osseointegration for successful implant therapy, including photofunctionalization (PhF), which is defined as the modification of titanium surfaces after ultraviolet treatment. It includes the alteration of the physicochemical properties and the enhancement of biological capabilities, which can alter the surface wettability and eliminate hydrocarbons from the implant surface by a biological aging process. PhF can also enhance cellular migration, attachment, and proliferation, thereby promoting osseointegration and coronal soft tissue seal. However, PhF did not overcome the dental implant challenge of oral cancer cases. It is necessary to have more clinical trials focused on complex implant cases and non-dental fields in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ching Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan;
- Institute of Nursing and Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
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Zheng Z, He Y, Long L, Gan S, Chen S, Zhang M, Xu J, Fu R, Liao Y, Zhu Z, Wang H, Chen W. Involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in promoting osteogenesis on titanium implant surfaces modified with novel non-thermal atmospheric plasma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:975840. [PMID: 36185461 PMCID: PMC9523010 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.975840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) modification to induce a hydrophilic titanium (Ti) surface with less carbon contamination, has been demonstrated to boost the osteogenic responses. In this study, we investigated the underlying bone formation mechanism of NTAP-Ti, and the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in regulating osteogenic activities on NTAP-Ti surfaces. NTAP was employed for Ti activation, and PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, was applied to the suppression of PI3K/Akt pathway. We systematically and quantitatively detected the cell morphology, attachment, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblasts, and molecular expressions involved in osteogenesis and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. A descent in osteoblast proliferation on Ti surfaces in relation to LY294002. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, as well as matrix mineralization, was mitigated by PI3K inhibitor in NTAP-Ti. Likewise, the expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes [ALP, osteocalcin (Ocn), osteopontin (Opn) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2)] on NTAP-Ti were notably attenuated by LY294002, as confirmed by the results of osteogenesis-related proteins (ALP, and Runx2) expression analysis. In addition, the expression of PI3K/Akt signal pathway proteins further verified the inhibition of LY294002 on Ti surfaces modified by NTAP. Collectively, the PI3K/Akt signal pathway was involved in the amelioration of osteogenesis induced by NTAP modification. NTAP treatment for Ti activation is promising in augmented osteogenic potential through the activation of PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanjin He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuaiqi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shujiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruijie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yihan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhimin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Hang Wang, ; Wenchuan Chen,
| | - Wenchuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Hang Wang, ; Wenchuan Chen,
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Sousa V, Mardas N, Spratt D, Hassan IA, Walters NJ, Beltrán V, Donos N. The Effect of Microcosm Biofilm Decontamination on Surface Topography, Chemistry, and Biocompatibility Dynamics of Implant Titanium Surfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710033. [PMID: 36077428 PMCID: PMC9456268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the inception of dental implants, a steadily increasing prevalence of peri-implantitis has been documented. Irrespective of the treatment protocol applied for the management of peri-implantitis, this biofilm-associated pathology, continues to be a clinical challenge yielding unpredictable and variable levels of resolution, and in some cases resulting in implant loss. This paper investigated the effect of microcosm biofilm in vitro decontamination on surface topography, wettability, chemistry, and biocompatibility, following decontamination protocols applied to previously infected implant titanium (Ti) surfaces, both micro-rough -Sandblasted, Large-grit, Acid-etched (SLA)-and smooth surfaces -Machined (M). Microcosm biofilms were grown on SLA and M Ti discs. These were treated with TiBrushes (TiB), combination of TiB and photodynamic therapy (PDT), combination of TiB and 0.2%CHX/1%NaClO, plus or minus Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation. Surface topography was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Laser Surface Profilometry. Surface function was analysed through wettability analysis. Surface chemistry evaluation of the discs was performed under SEM/Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Biocompatibility was tested with the cytocompatibility assay using human osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63) cells. Elemental analysis of the discs disclosed chemical surface alterations resulting from the different treatment modalities. Titanium, carbon, oxygen, sodium, aluminium, silver, were identified by EDX as the main components of all the discs. Based on the data drawn from this study, we have shown that following the decontamination of Ti surfaces the biomaterial surface chemistry and topography was altered. The type of treatment and Ti surface had a significant effect on cytocompatibility (p = 0.0001). Although, no treatment modality hindered the titanium surface biocompatibility, parameters such as the use of chemical agents and micro-rough surfaces had a higher cytotoxic effect in MG-63 cells. The use of smooth surfaces, and photofunctionalisation of the TiO2 layer had a beneficial effect on cytocompatibility following decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Sousa
- Periodontology and Periodontal Medicine, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Nikos Mardas
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Dave Spratt
- Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Iman A. Hassan
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Nick J. Walters
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Víctor Beltrán
- Clinical Investigation and Dental Innovation Center, Dental School and Center for Translational Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Nikolaos Donos
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London E1 2AD, UK
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Plasma of Argon Treatment of the Implant Surface, Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091219. [PMID: 36139059 PMCID: PMC9496338 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to review the evidence of the cellular activity on titanium samples exposed to Plasma of Argon (PoA) treatment. A systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA statement by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Scopus, up to October 2020. Papers were selected according to PICOS format that is: Population (P): osteoblasts, fibroblasts, gingival cells; Intervention (I): PoA disinfection treatment; Comparison (C): untreated controls; Outcome (O): cell culture; Setting (S): in vitro assays. The quality assessment was performed according to the CRIS Guidelines (Checklist for Reporting In vitro Studies). A total of 661 articles were found, of which 16 were included. The quality assessment revealed an overall poor quality of the studies analyzed. In vitro studies on the potential of PoA showed a potential effect in promoting higher cell adhesion and protein adsorption in the earliest times (hours). This outcome was not so evident when later stages of cell growth on the surfaces were tested and compared to the control groups. Only one study was conducted in vivo on a human sample regarding abutment cleaning. No meta-analysis was conducted because of the variety of experimental settings, mixed methods and different cell lines studied. PoA seems to be effective in promoting cell adhesion and protein adsorption. The duration of this effect remains unclear. Further evidence is required to demonstrate the long-term efficacy of the treatment and to support the use of PoA treatment in clinical practice.
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Tang S, Wang Y, Zong Z, Ding N, Zhang Z. Enhanced osteogenic activity of titania-modified zirconia implant by ultraviolet irradiation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:945869. [PMID: 36003530 PMCID: PMC9393212 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.945869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zirconia is a superior implant material owing to its high mechanical strength, durable corrosion resistance, superior aesthetic effect and excellent biocompatibility. However, the bioactivity of zirconia surfaces remains a great challenge for implant osseointegration. A titania (TiO2) coating was innovatively synthesized on the surface of zirconia by infiltration in a suspension of zirconium oxychloride and titania for dense sintering. Subsequently, the coating was subjected to ultraviolet (UV) light to enhance the biological inertness of zirconia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and contact angle analysis were conducted to confirm the surface characteristics. Afterwards, in vitro assessments of cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells were performed. Zirconia samples were implanted into rat femurs to assess biocompatibility and host tissue response in vivo. Micro-CT evaluation and histological testing were conducted. After UV irradiation, the content of hydroxyl groups and hydrophilicity of TiO2-modified zirconia were significantly increased. The results of in vitro experiments showed that TiO2-modified zirconia subjected to UV light could promote cell proliferation and spreading, enhance ALP activity and the degree of mineralization, and upregulate osteogenesis-related genes. Furthermore, in vivo assessments confirmed that UV-irradiated TiO2-modified zirconia implants maximized the promotion of osseointegration. TiO2-modified zirconia after UV treatment will have broad clinical application prospects in improving the osseointegration of zirconia implants.
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Lee SK, Ji MK, Jo YJ, Park C, Cho H, Lim HP. Effect of Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment of Contaminated Zirconia Surface on Porphyromonas gingivalis Adhesion and Osteoblast Viability. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155348. [PMID: 35955282 PMCID: PMC9369701 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasma treatment on a zirconia surface prevents bacterial contamination and maintains osteoblast activity. To assess the degree of adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis on a zirconia surface after non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment, specimens were treated with plasma for 60, 300, and 600 s, after which P. gingivalis was inoculated onto the surface and incubated for 48 h. To assess osteoblast activity after NTP treatment, osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were dispensed onto the specimens contaminated with P. gingivalis immediately after NTP for 60 and 120 s, followed by incubation for 48, 72, and 96 h. P. gingivalis was cultured after 60 s of NTP treatment of zirconia. The NTP and control groups showed no significant difference (p = 0.91), but adhesion was significantly increased following NTP treatment for 300 s or longer (300, 600 s groups) (p < 0.05). After NTP treatment of P. gingivalis-contaminated zirconia, osteoblast activity significantly increased at 72 and 96 h (I60 and I120 s group) in the groups treated with plasma (p < 0.017). Application of NTP to dental zirconia implants for 60 s not only inhibits the proliferation of P. gingivalis, which causes peri-implantitis but also increases osseointegration on zirconia surfaces contaminated with P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ki Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon 35233, Korea;
| | - Min-Kyung Ji
- Dental 4D Research Center, Chonnam National University, 33 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Yu-Jin Jo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 33 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.-J.J.); (C.P.)
| | - Chan Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 33 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.-J.J.); (C.P.)
| | - Hoonsung Cho
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, 33 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (H.-P.L.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1717 (H.C.); +82-62-530-5577 (H.-P.L.)
| | - Hyun-Pil Lim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 33 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.-J.J.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (H.-P.L.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1717 (H.C.); +82-62-530-5577 (H.-P.L.)
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Kitajima H, Komatsu K, Matsuura T, Ozawa R, Saruta J, Taleghani SR, Cheng J, Ogawa T. Impact of nano-scale trabecula size on osteoblastic behavior and function in a meso-nano hybrid rough biomimetic zirconia model. J Prosthodont Res 2022; 67:288-299. [PMID: 35858802 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_22_00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A novel implant model consisting of meso-scale cactus-inspired spikes and nano-scale bone-inspired trabeculae was recently developed to optimize meso-scale roughness on zirconia. In this model, the meso-spike dimension had a significant impact on osteoblast function. To explore how different nano-textures impact this model, here we examined the effect of different nano-trabecula sizes on osteoblast function while maintaining the same meso-spike conformation. METHODS Zirconia disks with meso-nano hybrid surfaces were created by laser etching. The meso-spikes were fixed to 40 μm high, whereas the nano-texture was etched as large and small trabeculae of average Feret diameter 237.0 and 134.1 nm, respectively. A polished surface was also prepared. Rat bone marrow-derived and human mesenchymal stromal cell-induced osteoblasts were cultured on these disks. RESULTS Hybrid rough surfaces, regardless of nano-trabecula dimension, robustly promoted the osteoblastic differentiation of both rat and human osteoblasts compared to those on polished surfaces. Hybrid surfaces with small nano-trabeculae further enhanced osteoblastic differentiation compared with large nano-trabeculae. However, the difference in osteoblastic differentiation between small and large nano-trabeculae was much smaller than the difference between the polished and hybrid rough surfaces. The nano-trabecula size did not influence osteoblast attachment and proliferation, or protein adsorption. Both hybrid surfaces were hydro-repellent. The atomic percentage of surface carbon was lower on the hybrid surface with small nano-trabeculae. CONCLUSIONS Small nano-trabeculae promoted osteoblastic differentiation more than large nano-trabeculae when combined with meso-scale spikes. However, the biological impact of different nano-trabeculae was relatively small compared with that of different dimensions of meso-spikes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kitajima
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668
| | - Ryotaro Ozawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668
| | - Juri Saruta
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668
| | - Samira Rahim Taleghani
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668
| | - James Cheng
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668
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Titania nanospikes activate macrophage phagocytosis by ligand-independent contact stimulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12250. [PMID: 35851278 PMCID: PMC9293906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage phagocytosis is an important research target to combat various inflammatory or autoimmune diseases; however, the phenomenon has never been controlled by artificial means. Titania nanospikes created by alkaline etching treatment can tune macrophage polarization toward a M1-like type and might regulate macrophage phagocytosis. This in vitro study aimed to determine whether the two-dimensional titania nanosurfaces created by alkaline etching treatment activated the macrophage phagocytosis by nanospike-mediated contact stimulation. On two-dimensional pure titanium sheets, alkaline etching treatments with different protocols created superhydrophilic nanosurfaces with hydroxyl function groups and moderate or dense nanospikes. Both types of titania nanosurfaces promoted the phagocytic activity of the mouse macrophage-like cell line, J774A.1, through upregulation of M1 polarization markers and phagocytosis-related receptors, such as toll-like receptors (TLR2 and 4). In contrast, the hydrophobic smooth or micro-roughened titanium surfaces did not activate macrophage phagocytosis or the expression of related receptors. These phenomena remained unchanged even under the antibody blockade of macrophage TLR2 but were either suppressed or augmented for each surface excited by ultraviolet irradiation. Titania nanospikes induced paxillin expression and provided physical stimuli to macrophages, the extent of which was positively correlated with TLR expression levels. Ligand stimulation with lipopolysaccharide did not upregulate macrophage TLR expression but further enhanced M1 marker expression by titania nanosurfaces. These results showed that the two-dimensional titania nanosurfaces activated macrophage phagocytosis by enhancing expression of phagocytosis-related receptors through nanospike-mediated contact stimulation, in assistance with physical surface properties, in a ligand-independent manner.
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