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Xu H, Huang K, Shi M, Gong H, Han M, Tian W, Wang X, Zhang D. MicroRNAs in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric cancer: Function and clinical application. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107216. [PMID: 38761883 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and it is associated with a combination of genetic, environmental, and microbial risk factors. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is classified as a type I carcinogen, however, the exact regulatory mechanisms underlying H. pylori-induced GC are incompletely defined. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), one of small non-coding RNAs, negatively regulate gene expression through binding to their target genes. Dysregulation of miRNAs is crucial in human cancer. A noteworthy quantity of aberrant miRNAs induced by H. pylori through complex regulatory networks have been identified. These miRNAs substantially affect genetic instability, cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, autophagy, chemoresistance, and the tumor microenvironment, leading to GC development and progression. Importantly, some H. pylori-associated miRNAs hold promise as therapeutic tools and biomarkers for GC prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis. Nonetheless, clinical application of miRNAs remains in its infancy with multiple issues, including sensitivity and specificity, stability, reliable delivery systems, and off-target effects. Additional research on the specific molecular mechanisms and more clinical data are still required. This review investigated the biogenesis, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of miRNAs in H. pylori-induced GC, offering novel insights into the potential clinical applications of miRNA-based therapeutics and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Mingxuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Hang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Mengyu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Wenji Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Dekui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
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Chen D, Hagen SJ, Boyce M, Zhao CM. Neuroendocrine mechanism of gastric acid secretion: Historical perspectives and recent developments in physiology and pharmacology. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13305. [PMID: 37317882 PMCID: PMC10656367 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The physiology of gastric acid secretion is one of the earliest subjects in medical literature and has been continuously studied since 1833. Starting with the notion that neural stimulation alone drives acid secretion, progress in understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of this process has led to the development of therapeutic strategies for patients with acid-related diseases. For instance, understanding the physiology of parietal cells led to the developments of histamine 2 receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and recently, potassium-competitive acid blockers. Furthermore, understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of gastrin has led to the development of gastrin/CCK2 receptor (CCK2 R) antagonists. The need for refinement of existing drugs in patients have led to second and third generation drugs with better efficacy at blocking acid secretion. Further understanding of the mechanism of acid secretion by gene targeting in mice has enabled us to dissect the unique role for each regulator to leverage and justify the development of new targeted therapeutics for acid-related disorders. Further research on the mechanism of stimulation of gastric acid secretion and the physiological significances of gastric acidity in gut microbiome is needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Chen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Susan J Hagen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Chun-Mei Zhao
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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3
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Abudoubari S, Bu K, Mei Y, Maimaitiyiming A, An H, Tao N. Preliminary study on miRNA in prostate cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:270. [PMID: 37641123 PMCID: PMC10464187 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen for miRNAs differentially expressed in prostate cancer and prostate hyperplasia tissues and to validate their association with prostate cancer. METHODS Patients diagnosed by pathology in the Department of Urology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from October 2021 to June 2022 were selected, and their general clinical information, blood samples, and prostate tissue samples were collected. miRNA microarray technology was performed to obtain differentially expressed miRNAs in prostate cancer and hyperplasia tissues, and miRNAs to be studied were screened by microarray results and review of relevant literature. The detection of miRNA expression in the patients' blood and prostate tissue samples was measured. The miRNA-222-mimics were transfected into PC3 cells, and cell biology experiments such as CCK8, scratch, Transwell, and flow cytometry were performed to detect the effects of overexpressed miRNA-222 on the growth and proliferation, invasive ability, apoptotic ability, and metastatic ability of prostate cancer cells. RESULTS The results of the miRNA microarray showed that there were many differentially expressed miRNAs in prostate cancer and hyperplasia tissues, and four miRNAs, miRNA-144, miRNA-222, miRNA-1248, and miRNA-3651 were finally selected as the subjects by reviewing relevant literature. The results showed that the expression of miRNA-222 in prostate cancer tissues was lower than that in prostate hyperplasia tissues (P < 0.05). The expression of miRNA-222, miRNA-1248, and miRNA-3651 in blood samples of prostate cancer patients was lower than that in prostate hyperplasia patients (P < 0.05). The analysis results indicated that the f/t ratio and the relative expression of miRNA-222 and miRNA-1248 were independent influences of prostate cancer (P < 0.05), in which overexpression of miRNA-222 decreased the proliferative, invasive, and metastatic abilities of PC3 cells and enhanced the level of apoptosis of cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Although there was no significant change in the overall incidence of prostate cancer in this study, significant changes occurred in the incidence of prostate cancer with different characteristics. In addition, the nomogram prediction model of prostate cancer-specific survival rate constructed based on four factors has a high reference value, which helps physicians to correctly assess the patient-specific survival rate and provides a reference basis for patient diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saimaitikari Abudoubari
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, 844700, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ke Bu
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yujie Mei
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Hengqing An
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393, Xinyi Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Genitourinary System, No. 393, Xinyi Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Ning Tao
- College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Genitourinary System, No. 393, Xinyi Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
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Huang BS, Chen CT, Yeh CC, Fan TY, Chen FY, Liou JM, Shun CT, Wu MS, Chow LP. miR-21 Targets ASPP2 to Inhibit Apoptosis via CHOP-Mediated Signaling in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:6675265. [PMID: 37547633 PMCID: PMC10403333 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6675265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection affects cell survival pathways, including apoptosis and proliferation in host cells, and disruption of this balance is the key event in the development of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer (HPGC). H. pylori infection induces alterations in microRNAs expression that may be involved in GC development. Bioinformatic analysis showed that microRNA-21 (miR-21) is significantly upregulated in HPGC. Furthermore, quantitative proteomics and in silico prediction were employed to identify potential targets of miR-21. Following functional enrichment and clustered interaction network analyses, five candidates of miR-21 targets, PDCD4, ASPP2, DAXX, PIK3R1, and MAP3K1, were found across three functional clusters in association with cell death and survival, cellular movement, and cellular growth and proliferation. ASPP2 is inhibited by H. pylori-induced miR-21 overexpression. Moreover, ASPP2 levels are inversely correlated with miR-21 levels in HPGC tumor tissues. Thus, ASPP2 was identified as a miR-21 target in HPGC. Here, we observed that H. pylori-induced ASPP2 suppression enhances resistance to apoptosis in GC cells using apoptosis assays. Using protein interaction network and coimmunoprecipitation assay, we identified CHOP as a direct mediator of the ASPP2 proapoptotic activity in H. pylori-infected GC cells. Mechanistically, ASPP2 suppression promotes p300-mediated CHOP degradation, in turn inhibiting CHOP-mediated transcription of Noxa, Bak, and suppression of Bcl-2 to enact antiapoptosis in the GC cells after H. pylori infection. Clinicopathological analysis revealed correlations between decreased ASPP2 expression and higher HPGC risk and poor prognosis. In summary, the discovery of H. pylori-induced antiapoptosis via miR-21-mediated suppression of ASPP2/CHOP-mediated signaling provides a novel perspective for developing HPGC management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Shih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ta Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Fan
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Liou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Ping Chow
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Xue Y, Zhang L, Guo R, Shao X, Shi M, Yuan C, Li X, Li B. miR-485 regulates Th17 generation and pathogenesis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through targeting STAT3. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 379:578100. [PMID: 37187004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an induced autoimmune disease widely used as an animal model for multiple sclerosis, which is mainly characterized by demyelination, axonal loss, as well as neurodegeneration of central nervous system (CNS). T-helper (Th) 17 cell that generate interleukin-17 (IL-17) plays a key role in its pathogenesis. Their activity and differentiation are tightly regulated by some cytokines and transcription factors. Certain microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune disorders, including EAE. Our research detected a novel miRNA that can regulate EAE. According to the results, during EAE, the expression of miR-485 notably lowered, and STAT3 was significantly increased. It was discovered that miR-485 knockdown in vivo upregulated Th17-associated cytokines and aggravated EAE, while the overexpressed miR-485 down-regulated Th17-associated cytokines and mitigated EAE. The up-regulation of miRNA-485 in vitro inhibited Th17-associated cytokines expression within EAE CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, as revealed by target prediction and dual-luciferase reporter assays, miR-485 directly targets STAT3, a gene that encodes a protein responsible for Th17 generation. Overall, miR-485 exert vital functions in Th17 generation and EAE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Xue
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruoyi Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xi Shao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengya Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Congcong Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Neurology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Prashar A, Capurro MI, Jones NL. Under the Radar: Strategies Used by Helicobacter pylori to Evade Host Responses. Annu Rev Physiol 2021; 84:485-506. [PMID: 34672717 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-035930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The body depends on its physical barriers and innate and adaptive immune responses to defend against the constant assault of potentially harmful microbes. In turn, successful pathogens have evolved unique mechanisms to adapt to the host environment and manipulate host defenses. Helicobacter pylori (Hp), a human gastric pathogen that is acquired in childhood and persists throughout life, is an example of a bacterium that is very successful at remodeling the host-pathogen interface to promote a long-term persistent infection. Using a combination of secreted virulence factors, immune subversion, and manipulation of cellular mechanisms, Hp can colonize and persist in the hostile environment of the human stomach. Here, we review the most recent and relevant information regarding how this successful pathogen overcomes gastric epithelial host defense responses to facilitate its own survival and establish a chronic infection. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 84 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Prashar
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Mariana I Capurro
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Nicola L Jones
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; .,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Riahi Rad Z, Riahi Rad Z, Goudarzi H, Goudarzi M, Mahmoudi M, Yasbolaghi Sharahi J, Hashemi A. MicroRNAs in the interaction between host-bacterial pathogens: A new perspective. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6249-6270. [PMID: 33599300 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression regulation plays a critical role in host-pathogen interactions, and RNAs function is essential in this process. miRNAs are small noncoding, endogenous RNA fragments that affect stability and/or translation of mRNAs, act as major posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNA is involved in regulating many biological or pathological processes through targeting specific mRNAs, including development, differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle, cytoskeleton organization, and autophagy. Deregulated microRNA expression is associated with many types of diseases, including cancers, immune disturbances, and infection. miRNAs are a vital section of the host immune response to bacterial-made infection. Bacterial pathogens suppress host miRNA expression for their benefit, promoting survival, replication, and persistence. The role played through miRNAs in interaction with host-bacterial pathogen has been extensively studied in the past 10 years, and knowledge about these staggering molecules' function can clarify the complicated and ambiguous interactions of the host-bacterial pathogen. Here, we review how pathogens prevent the host miRNA expression. We briefly discuss emerging themes in this field, including their role as biomarkers in identifying bacterial infections, as part of the gut microbiota, on host miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Riahi Rad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Riahi Rad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Yasbolaghi Sharahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Grzywa TM, Klicka K, Włodarski PK. Regulators at Every Step-How microRNAs Drive Tumor Cell Invasiveness and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3709. [PMID: 33321819 PMCID: PMC7763175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasiveness and metastasis are the main causes of mortality in cancer. Tumor progression is composed of many steps, including primary tumor growth, local invasion, intravasation, survival in the circulation, pre-metastatic niche formation, and metastasis. All these steps are strictly controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs can act as oncomiRs that promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis or as tumor suppressor miRNAs that inhibit tumor progression. These miRNAs regulate the actin cytoskeleton, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors including integrins and ECM-remodeling enzymes comprising matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), hence modulating cell migration and invasiveness. Moreover, miRNAs regulate angiogenesis, the formation of a pre-metastatic niche, and metastasis. Thus, miRNAs are biomarkers of metastases as well as promising targets of therapy. In this review, we comprehensively describe the role of various miRNAs in tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Grzywa
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (K.K.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Klicka
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (K.K.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł K. Włodarski
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (K.K.)
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9
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Regulators at Every Step—How microRNAs Drive Tumor Cell Invasiveness and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123709
expr 991289423 + 939431153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasiveness and metastasis are the main causes of mortality in cancer. Tumor progression is composed of many steps, including primary tumor growth, local invasion, intravasation, survival in the circulation, pre-metastatic niche formation, and metastasis. All these steps are strictly controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs can act as oncomiRs that promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis or as tumor suppressor miRNAs that inhibit tumor progression. These miRNAs regulate the actin cytoskeleton, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors including integrins and ECM-remodeling enzymes comprising matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and regulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), hence modulating cell migration and invasiveness. Moreover, miRNAs regulate angiogenesis, the formation of a pre-metastatic niche, and metastasis. Thus, miRNAs are biomarkers of metastases as well as promising targets of therapy. In this review, we comprehensively describe the role of various miRNAs in tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.
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10
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Ebrahimi Ghahnavieh L, Tabatabaeian H, Ebrahimi Ghahnavieh Z, Honardoost MA, Azadeh M, Moazeni Bistgani M, Ghaedi K. Fluctuating expression of miR-584 in primary and high-grade gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:621. [PMID: 32615958 PMCID: PMC7345521 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Along with environmental factors, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, genetic changes play important roles in gastric tumor formations. miR-584 is a less well-characterized microRNA (miRNA), with apparent activity in human cancers. However, miR-584 expression pattern in gastric cancer development has remained unclear. This study aims to analyze the expression of miR-584 in gastric cancer samples and investigates the associations between this miRNA and H. pylori infection and clinical characteristics. Methods The expression level of miR-584 was studied in primary gastric cancers versus healthy control gastric mucosa samples using the RT-qPCR method. The clinical data were analyzed statistically in terms of miR-584 expression. In silico studies were employed to study miR-584 more broadly in order to assess its expression and find new potential target genes. Results Both experimental and in silico studies showed up-regulation of miR-584 in patients with gastric cancer. This up-regulation seems to be induced by H. pylori infection since the infected samples showed increased levels of miR-584 expression. Deeper analyses revealed that miR-584 undergoes a dramatic down-regulation in late stages, invasive and lymph node-metastatic gastric tumors. Bioinformatics studies demonstrated that miR-584 has a substantial role in cancer pathways and has the potential to target STAT1 transcripts. Consistent with the inverse correlation between TCGA RNA-seq data of miR-584 and STAT1 transcripts, the qPCR analysis showed a significant negative correlation between these two RNAs in a set of clinical samples. Conclusion miR-584 undergoes up-regulation in the stage of primary tumor formation; however, becomes down-regulated upon the progression of gastric cancer. These findings suggest the potential of miR-584 as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Tabatabaeian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. .,Anahid Cancer Clinic, Isfahan Healthcare City, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Zhaleh Ebrahimi Ghahnavieh
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Honardoost
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mohamad Moazeni Bistgani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. .,Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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11
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Denzer L, Schroten H, Schwerk C. From Gene to Protein-How Bacterial Virulence Factors Manipulate Host Gene Expression During Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103730. [PMID: 32466312 PMCID: PMC7279228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria evolved many strategies to survive and persist within host cells. Secretion of bacterial effectors enables bacteria not only to enter the host cell but also to manipulate host gene expression to circumvent clearance by the host immune response. Some effectors were also shown to evade the nucleus to manipulate epigenetic processes as well as transcription and mRNA procession and are therefore classified as nucleomodulins. Others were shown to interfere downstream with gene expression at the level of mRNA stability, favoring either mRNA stabilization or mRNA degradation, translation or protein stability, including mechanisms of protein activation and degradation. Finally, manipulation of innate immune signaling and nutrient supply creates a replicative niche that enables bacterial intracellular persistence and survival. In this review, we want to highlight the divergent strategies applied by intracellular bacteria to evade host immune responses through subversion of host gene expression via bacterial effectors. Since these virulence proteins mimic host cell enzymes or own novel enzymatic functions, characterizing their properties could help to understand the complex interactions between host and pathogen during infections. Additionally, these insights could propose potential targets for medical therapy.
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12
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Wu J, Frazier K, Zhang J, Gan Z, Wang T, Zhong X. Emerging role of m 6 A RNA methylation in nutritional physiology and metabolism. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12942. [PMID: 31475777 PMCID: PMC7427634 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N6 -methyladenine (m6 A) is the most prevalent type of internal RNA methylation in eukaryotic mRNA and plays critical roles in regulating gene expression for fundamental cellular processes and diverse physiological functions. Recent evidence indicates that m6 A methylation regulates physiology and metabolism, and m6 A has been increasingly implicated in a variety of human diseases, including obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cancer. Conversely, nutrition and diet can modulate or reverse m6 A methylation patterns on gene expression. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the study of the m6 A methylation mechanisms and highlight the crosstalk between m6 A modification, nutritional physiology and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Katya Frazier
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago. Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jingfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Zhending Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
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13
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Role of miR-221/222 in Tumor Development and the Underlying Mechanism. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:7252013. [PMID: 31929798 PMCID: PMC6942871 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7252013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-221/222 (miRNA-221/222, miR-221/222) is a noncoding microRNA which is widely distributed in eukaryotic organisms and deeply involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expressions. According to recent studies, abnormal expressions of miR-221/222 are closely related to the occurrence and development of various kinds of malignant tumors. The role of miR-221/222 in tumor development and their potential molecular mechanism in various cancers, including liver cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial carcinoma, are summarized and reviewed in this paper. Moreover, the potential translational biomarker role of abnormal miR-221/222 level in tumor or blood circulation for tumor diagnosis is also discussed.
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14
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Peng C, Li NS, Hu Y, Lu NH. Impact factors that modulate gastric cancer risk in Helicobacter pylori-infected rodent models. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12580. [PMID: 30950162 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer causes a large social and economic burden to humans. Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is a major risk factor for distal gastric cancer. Detailed elucidation of H pylori pathogenesis is significant for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. Animal models of H pylori-induced gastric cancer have provided an invaluable resource to help elucidate the mechanisms of H pylori-induced carcinogenesis as well as the interaction between host and the bacterium. Rodent models are commonly used to study H pylori infection because H pylori-induced pathological processes in the stomachs of rodents are similar to those in the stomachs of humans. The risk of gastric cancer in H pylori-infected animal models is greatly dependent on host factors, bacterial determinants, environmental factors, and microbiota. However, the related mechanisms and the effects of the interactions among these impact factors on gastric carcinogenesis remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the impact factors mediating gastric cancer risk when establishing H pylori-infected animal models. Clarifying these factors and their potential interactions will provide insights to construct animal models of gastric cancer and investigate the in-depth mechanisms of H pylori pathogenesis, which might contribute to the management of H pylori-associated gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nian-Shuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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15
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Dastmalchi N, Safaralizadeh R, Banan Khojasteh SM. The correlation between microRNAs and Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer. Pathog Dis 2019; 77:5539973. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Helicobacter pylori infection and H. pylori-related gastric inflammation can be considered as the most significant promoter of gastric cancer (GC). Recent investigations have evaluated the regulatory function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in H. pylori pathogenesis and H. pylori-related diseases, especially GC. The present study reviewed the correlation between miRNAs and H. pylori in gastrointestinal diseases. Furthermore, the current review highlighted the role of H. pylori pathogen and some H. pylori-related virulence factors in the deregulation of various miRNAs, especially oncogenic miRNAs (miRs) and their associated molecular pathways. Among the related studies, some have focused on the effects of H. pylori infection on regulatory networks of miRs, while others have highlighted the effects of alterations in the expression level of miRs in H. pylori-related diseases. The connectivity between miRNAs and H. pylori is regulated by various molecular pathways and different molecular targets of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Dastmalchi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Aguilar C, Mano M, Eulalio A. Multifaceted Roles of microRNAs in Host-Bacterial Pathogen Interaction. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7:10.1128/microbiolspec.bai-0002-2019. [PMID: 31152522 PMCID: PMC11026079 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.bai-0002-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a well-characterized class of small noncoding RNAs that act as major posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Accordingly, miRNAs have been associated with a wide range of fundamental biological processes and implicated in human diseases. During the past decade, miRNAs have also been recognized for their role in the complex interplay between the host and bacterial pathogens, either as part of the host response to counteract infection or as a molecular strategy employed by bacteria to subvert host pathways for their own benefit. Importantly, the characterization of downstream miRNA targets and their underlying mechanisms of action has uncovered novel molecular factors and pathways relevant to infection. In this article, we review the current knowledge of the miRNA response to bacterial infection, focusing on different bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium spp., and Helicobacter pylori, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Aguilar
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miguel Mano
- Functional Genomics and RNA-Based Therapeutics Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Eulalio
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- RNA & Infection Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Wang H, Deng Z, Chen X, Cai J, Ma T, Zhong Q, Li R, Li L, Li T. Downregulation of miR-222-3p Reverses Doxorubicin-Resistance in LoVo Cells Through Upregulating Forkhead Box Protein P2 (FOXP2) Protein. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2169-2178. [PMID: 30904920 PMCID: PMC6442496 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent used to treat colon cancer. Despite impressive initial clinical responses, drug resistance has dramatically compromised the effectiveness of DOX. However, the underlying mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance in colon cancer remain poorly understood. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we compared the expression of miR-222-3p in DOX-resistant colon cancer cells (LoVo/ADR) with the corresponding DOX-sensitive parental cells (LoVo/S) using quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, miR-222-3p inhibitors were infected into LoVo/ADR cell lines and the effects of this treatment were assessed. The Cell Counting Kit 8 assay was employed to verify the sensitivity of colon cancer cell lines to DOX. EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) assay, flow cytometry, and in vivo subcutaneous tumorigenesis were used to assess cell proliferation and apoptosis. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to investigate cell migration after adding DOX. Additionally, the expression of forkhead box protein P2 (FOXP2), P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and caspase pathway-associated markers was assessed by western blotting. RESULTS Our results showed that miR-222-3p was upregulated in LoVo/ADR compared with the expression in LoVo/S cells. Additionally, downregulation of miR-222-3p in LoVo/ADR cells increased their sensitivity to DOX, reduced P-gp expression, and activated the caspase pathway. However, the downregulation of FOXP2 could efficiently reverse the effect of miR-222-3p inhibitors on LoVo/ADR cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results showed that miR-222-3p induced DOX resistance via suppressing FOXP2, upregulating P-gp, and inhibiting the caspase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiming Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affilliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenwei Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affilliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Tenghui Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affilliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Qinghua Zhong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affilliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Ruiping Li
- Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Libo Li
- Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Tian Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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18
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Zou D, Xu L, Li H, Ma Y, Gong Y, Guo T, Jing Z, Xu X, Zhang Y. Role of abnormal microRNA expression in Helicobacter pylori associated gastric cancer. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:239-251. [PMID: 30776938 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1575793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is a risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). HP infection may induce the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, and abnormally increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines in mucosal epithelial cells of the stomach. However, the specific mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of HP-associated GC is still poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed that abnormal microRNA expression may affect the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of mucosal epithelial cells of the stomach to further influence GC occurrence, development, and metastasis. Herein, we summarize the role of abnormal microRNAs in the regulation of HP-associated GC progression. Abnormal microRNA expression in HP-positive GC may be a biomarker for GC diagnosis, occurrence, and development as well as its targeted treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zou
- a The First laboratory of cancer institute , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Ling Xu
- b Department of Medical Oncology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Heming Li
- b Department of Medical Oncology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China.,c Department of Oncology , Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University , Dalian , China
| | - Yanju Ma
- b Department of Medical Oncology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China.,d Department of Medical Oncology , Cancer Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- e Department of Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University , Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department , Shenyang , China
| | - Tianshu Guo
- b Department of Medical Oncology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Zhitao Jing
- f Department of Neurosurgery , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Xiuying Xu
- g Department of Gastroenterology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Ye Zhang
- a The First laboratory of cancer institute , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
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19
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Li BY, He LJ, Zhang XL, Liu H, Liu B. High expression of RAB38 promotes malignant progression of pancreatic cancer. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:909-918. [PMID: 30569114 PMCID: PMC6323198 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-Related Protein Rab-38 (RAB38), which belongs to the RAB family, is involved in the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles and defense against certain microbial infections. However, the clinical significance and potential function of RAB38 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma remain unclear. In the present study, an immunohistochemical assay was performed to analyze the expression of RAB38 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tumor specimens from 82 patients, and the clinicopathological characteristics and survival rate of these patients were further examined. To validate the role of RAB38 in tumors, the effect of RAB38 on tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion was assessed by establishing RAB38 knockdown cell lines. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to examine the expression levels of proteins associated with the cancer cell behavior. In addition, the inhibitory effect of RAB38 silencing on pancreatic cancer was examined in mice. The immunohistochemistry results revealed that RAB38 was upregulated and positively correlated with the grade of progression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Further investigation indicated that RAB38 downregulation significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasive capacity of pancreatic cancer cells, as well as decreased the expression levels of Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9. RAB38 silencing also inhibited the development of pancreatic cancer in vivo. Taken together, a high level of RAB38 was significantly associated with the malignant phenotypes of pancreatic cancer, suggesting that RAB38 may serve as a novel biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Yu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Secondary Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jie He
- Department of General Surgery, The Secondary Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Lian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Secondary Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Secondary Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Secondary Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
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20
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Aguilar C, Mano M, Eulalio A. MicroRNAs at the Host-Bacteria Interface: Host Defense or Bacterial Offense. Trends Microbiol 2018; 27:206-218. [PMID: 30477908 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that act as major post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. They are currently recognized for their important role in the intricate interaction between host and bacterial pathogens, either as part of the host immune response to neutralize infection, or as a molecular strategy employed by bacteria to hijack host pathways for their own benefit. Here, we summarize recent advances on the function of miRNAs during infection of mammalian hosts by bacterial pathogens, highlighting key cellular pathways. In addition, we discuss emerging themes in this field, including the participation of miRNAs in host-microbiota crosstalk and cell-to-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Aguilar
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miguel Mano
- Functional Genomics and RNA-based Therapeutics Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Eulalio
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; RNA & Infection Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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21
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Qiu J, Zhang W, Zang C, Liu X, Liu F, Ge R, Sun Y, Xia Q. Identification of key genes and miRNAs markers of papillary thyroid cancer. Biol Res 2018; 51:45. [PMID: 30414611 PMCID: PMC6230289 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, crucial genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with the progression, staging, and prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) were identified. METHODS Four PTC datasets, including our own mRNA-sequencing (mRNA-seq) dataset and three public datasets downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas, were used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) between PTC tumor tissues and paired normal tissues (control). Gene ontology (GO) terms and pathways associated with these DEGs were identified, and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were analyzed. Additionally, an miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed and the functions of DEMs were explored. Finally, miRNAs/mRNAs associated with tumor staging and prognosis were identified. The expression levels of several key genes and miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Numerous DEGs and DEMs were identified between tumor and control groups in four datasets. The DEGs were significantly enriched in cell adhesion and cancer-related GO terms and pathways. In the constructed PPI network, ITGA2, FN1, ICAM1, TIMP1 and CDH2 were hub proteins. In the miRNA-mRNA negative regulatory networks, miR-204-5p regulated the largest number of target genes, such as TNFRSF12A. miR-146b, miR-204, miR-7-2, and FN1 were associated with tumor stage in PTC, and TNFRSF12A and CLDN1 were related to prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested the important roles of ITGA2, FN1, ICAM1, TIMP1 and CDH2 in the progression of PTC. miR-204-5p, miR-7-2, and miR-146b are potential biomarkers for PTC staging and FN1, CLDN1, and TNFRSF12A may serve as markers of prognosis in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiu
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenwei Zhang
- Radiology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanshan Zang
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fuxue Liu
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shaoxing Municipal Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruifeng Ge
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Qingsheng Xia
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No. 5 Donghai Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
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Yang L, Li C, Jia Y. MicroRNA-99b promotes Helicobacter pylori-induced autophagyand suppresses carcinogenesis by targeting mTOR. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5355-5360. [PMID: 30250606 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory mechanism of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis remains unclear. Autophagy has previously been identified as an effective method of regulating carcinogenesis. In the present study, microRNA (miR)-99b levels increased in H. pylori-infected gastric cancer tissues and the BGC-823 gastric cancer cell line. Overexpression of miR-99b significantly enhanced autophagy, decreased intracellular bacterial loads and blocked cell proliferation. The effect on autophagy was demonstrated to be triggered by mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition. These results indicate that miR-99b expression serves a key role in preventing H. pylori-associated gastric cancer formation and this may provide potential targets for the future treatment of H. pylori-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Jia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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23
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Vaziri F, Tarashi S, Fateh A, Siadat SD. New insights of Helicobacter pylori host-pathogen interactions: The triangle of virulence factors, epigenetic modifications and non-coding RNAs. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6:64-73. [PMID: 29774218 PMCID: PMC5955730 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i5.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a model organism for understanding host-pathogen interactions and infection-mediated carcinogenesis. Gastric cancer and H. pylori colonization indicates the strong correlation. The progression and exacerbation of H. pylori infection are influenced by some factors of pathogen and host. Several virulence factors involved in the proper adherence and attenuation of immune defense to contribute the risk of emerging gastric cancer, therefore analysis of them is very important. H. pylori also modulates inflammatory and autophagy process to intensify its pathogenicity. From the host regard, different genetic factors particularly affect the development of gastric cancer. Indeed, epigenetic modifications, MicroRNA and long non-coding RNA received more attention. Generally, various factors related to pathogen and host that modulate gastric cancer development in response to H. pylori need more attention due to develop an efficacious therapeutic intervention. Therefore, this paper will present a brief overview of host-pathogen interaction especially emphases on bacterial virulence factors, interruption of host cellular signaling, the role of epigenetic modifications and non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzam Vaziri
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Samira Tarashi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
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24
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Chung JW, Jeong SH, Lee SM, Pak JH, Lee GH, Jeong JY, Kim JH. Expression of MicroRNA in Host Cells Infected with Helicobacter pylori. Gut Liver 2018; 11:392-400. [PMID: 28208005 PMCID: PMC5417782 DOI: 10.5009/gnl16265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression. We assess miRNA regulation by Helicobacter pylori infection and elucidate their role in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. Methods The relationship between miRNA expression and DNA methylation was examined. Cells were treated with the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) inhibitor Bay 11-7082 to determine the relationship between miRNA expression and NF-κB signal transduction. Results In the negative control cells infected with H. pylori 26695, the expression of six miRNAs was increased, whereas the expression of five miRNAs was decreased. The expression of upregulated miRNAs was increased when the host cells were treated with H. pylori and an NF-κB inhibitor. miR-127-5p, -155, and -181 were associated with increased interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion in H. pylori infected cells treated with anti-miRNA. The expression of miR-155, -127-5p, -195, -216, -206, and -488 increased by approximately 3-fold following treatment with the methylation inhibitor Aza. Conclusions We found novel miRNAs in H. pylori-infected negative control cells using miRNA microarrays. Upregulated miRNA expression was inversely related to the transcription of NF-κB. miR-195 and miR-488 appear to play a pivotal role in controlling IL-6 activity in H. pylori infection. miRNA expression in H. pylori infection was affected by methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Won Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seok Hoo Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sun Mi Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jhang Ho Pak
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gin Hyug Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Jeong
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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MicroRNA-222-3p/GNAI2/AKT axis inhibits epithelial ovarian cancer cell growth and associates with good overall survival. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80633-80654. [PMID: 27811362 PMCID: PMC5348346 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynecologic tumor worldwide. Despite having developed molecular diagnostic tools and targeted therapies over the past few decades, patient survival is still quite poor. Numerous studies suggest that microRNAs are key regulators of many fundamental biological processes, including neoplasia and tumor progression. miR-222 is one of those miRNAs that has attracted much attention for its multiple roles in human diseases, especially cancer. The potential role of microRNAs in ovarian cancer has attracted much attention in recent years. Some of these microRNAs have been suggested as potential therapeutic targets for EOC patients. In this study, we sought to investigate the biologic functions of miR-222-3p in EOC carcinogenesis. Herein, we examined the expression of miR-222-3p in EOC patients, mouse models and cell lines, and found that higher expression of miR-222-3p was associated with better overall survival in EOC patients, and its level was negatively correlated with tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, in-vitro experiments indicated that miR-222-3p inhibited EOC cell proliferation and migration, and decreased the phosphorylation of AKT. We identified GNAI2 as a target of miR-222-3p. We also found that GNAI2 promoted EOC cell proliferation, and is an activator of the PI3K/AKT pathway. We describe the characterization of a novel regulatory axis in ovarian cancer cells, miR-222-3p/GNAI2/AKT and its potential application as a therapeutic target for EOC patients.
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Lloyd KA, Moore AR, Parsons BN, O'Hara A, Boyce M, Dockray GJ, Varro A, Pritchard DM. Gastrin-induced miR-222 promotes gastric tumor development by suppressing p27kip1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45462-45478. [PMID: 27323780 PMCID: PMC5216734 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Elevated circulating concentrations of the hormone gastrin contribute to the development of gastric adenocarcinoma and types-1 and 2 gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate proteins which in turn influence various biological processes. We hypothesised that gastrin induces the expression of specific gastric miRNAs within CCK2 receptor (CCK2R) expressing cells and that these mediate functionally important actions of gastrin. Results Gastrin increased miR-222 expression in AGSGR cells, with maximum changes observed at 10 nM G17 for 24 h. Signalling occurred via CCK2R and the PKC and PI3K pathways. miR-222 expression was increased in the serum and gastric corpus mucosa of hypergastrinemic INS-GAS mice and hypergastrinemic patients with autoimmune atrophic gastritis and type 1 gastric NETs; it decreased in patients following treatment with the CCK2R antagonist netazepide (YF476). Gastrin-induced miR-222 overexpression resulted in reduced expression and cytoplasmic mislocalisation of p27kip1, which in turn caused actin remodelling and increased migration in AGSGR cells. Materials and Methods miRNA PCR arrays were used to identify changes in miRNA expression following G17 treatment of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells stably transfected with CCK2R (AGSGR). miR-222 was further investigated using primer assays and samples from hypergastrinemic mice and humans. Chemically synthesised mimics and inhibitors were used to assess cellular phenotypical changes associated with miR-222 dysregulation. Conclusions These data indicate a novel mechanism contributing to gastrin-associated gastric tumor development. miR-222 may also be a promising biomarker for monitoring gastrin induced premalignant changes in the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Lloyd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Moore
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Gastroenterology Directorate, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bryony N Parsons
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian O'Hara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Graham J Dockray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Varro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Mark Pritchard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Gastroenterology Directorate, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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The GAS5/miR-222 Axis Regulates Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells Through the PTEN/Akt/mTOR Pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:3426-3437. [PMID: 29098549 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence have indicated that growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) functions as a tumor suppressor and is aberrantly expressed in multiple cancers. GAS5 was found to be downregulated in gastric cancer (GC) tissues, and ectopic expression of GAS5 inhibited GC cell proliferation. AIMS The present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of GAS5 involved in GC cell proliferation. METHODS GAS5 and miR-222 expressions in GC cell lines were estimated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of GAS5 and miR-222 on GC cell proliferation were assessed by MTT assay and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assays. The interaction between GAS5 and miR-222 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. The protein levels of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) (p-Akt), Akt, phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (p-mTOR), and mTOR were determined by western blot. RESULTS GAS5 was downregulated and miR-222 was upregulated in GC cells. GAS5 directly targeted and suppressed miR-222 expression. GAS5 overexpression and miR-222 inhibition suppressed cell proliferation, increased PTEN protein level and decreased p-Akt and p-mTOR protein levels in GC cells while GAS5 knockdown and miR-222 overexpression exhibited the opposite effects. Moreover, mechanistic analyses revealed that GAS5 regulated GC cell proliferation through the PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway by negatively regulating miR-222. CONCLUSIONS GAS5/miR-222 axis regulated proliferation of GC cells through the PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway, which facilitated the development of lncRNA-directed therapy against this deadly disease.
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28
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Liu X, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Chang J, Wang Z, Wu Z, Wang C, Sun Z, Ge X, Geng R, Tang W, Dai C, Lin Y, Lin F, Sun M, Jia W, Xue W, Ji J, Hu Y, Qin G, Li J. Plasma microRNA-based signatures to predict 3-year postoperative recurrence risk for stage II and III gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2093-2102. [PMID: 28722210 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to identify plasma microRNA (miRNA)-based signatures to predict 3-year postoperative recurrence risk for patients with stage II and III gastric cancer (GC), so as to provide insights for individualized adjuvant therapy. Plasma miRNA expression was investigated in three phases, involving 407 patients recruited from three centers. ABI miRNA microarray and TaqMan Low Density Array were adopted in the discovery phase to identify potential miRNAs. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the expression of selected miRNAs. Logistic regression models were constructed in the training set (n = 170) and validated in the validation set (n = 169). Receiver operating characteristic analyses, survival analyses and subgroup analyses were further used to assess the accuracy of the models. We identified a 7 miRNA classifier and 7miR + pathological factors index that provided high predictive accuracy of GC recurrence (area under the curve = 0.725 and 0.841 in the training set; and 0.627 and 0.771 in the validation set). High-risk patients defined by the signatures had significantly shorter disease-free survival and overall survival than low-risk patients. The 7 miRNA classifier is an independent prognostic factor, and could add predictive value to traditional prognostic factors. Subgroup analyses revealed the satisfactory performance persisted regardless of stage, and the two models both displayed high accuracy in stage IIA patients. In conclusion, identified microRNA signature may potentially provide some additional benefit for prediction of disease recurrence in patients with stage II and III GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Liu
- Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjia Chang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Shanghai Jiaotong University Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuojun Sun
- Shanghai Jiaotong University Renji Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ge
- Beijing Union Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixuan Geng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Congqi Dai
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjuan Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghong Sun
- Tissue Bank, Department of Pathology, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Jia
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiong Xue
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Hu
- Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyou Qin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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29
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Duval M, Cossart P, Lebreton A. Mammalian microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in the host-bacterial pathogen crosstalk. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 65:11-19. [PMID: 27381344 PMCID: PMC7089780 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression regulation is a critical question in host-pathogen interactions, and RNAs act as key players in this process. In this review, we focus on the mammalian RNA response to bacterial infection, with a special interest on microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. We discuss the role of cellular miRNAs in immunity, the implication of circulating miRNAs as well as the influence of the microbiome on the miRNA response. We also review how pathogens counteract the host miRNA expression. Interestingly, bacterial non-coding RNAs regulate host gene expression and conversely eukaryotic miRNAs may regulate bacterial gene expression. Overall, the characterization of RNA regulatory networks represents an emerging theme in the field of host pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Duval
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm, U604, 75015 Paris, France; INRA, USC2020, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm, U604, 75015 Paris, France; INRA, USC2020, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Alice Lebreton
- École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Équipe Infection et Devenir de l'ARN, 75005 Paris, France; INRA, IBENS, 75005 Paris, France.
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30
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NOORMOHAMMAD MINA, SADEGHI SAMIRA, TABATABAEIAN HOSSEIN, GHAEDI KAMRAN, TALEBI ARDESHIR, AZADEH MANSOUREH, KHATAMI MEHRI, HEIDARI MOHAMMADMEHDI. Upregulation of miR-222 in both Helicobacter pylori-infected and noninfected gastric cancer patients. J Genet 2016; 95:991-995. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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31
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Santos JC, Brianti MT, Almeida VR, Ortega MM, Fischer W, Haas R, Matheu A, Ribeiro ML. Helicobacter pylori infection modulates the expression of miRNAs associated with DNA mismatch repair pathway. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:1372-1379. [PMID: 27862371 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic inactivation of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes might lead to modifications in cancer-related gene expression and cancer development. Recently, it has been shown that the infection by Helicobacter pylori, the major causative agent of gastric cancer, induces DNA damage and inhibits MMR DNA repair. Also, it has been reported that microRNAs (miRs) have an important role in regulating genomic stability and MMR DNA repair. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify miRs regulating MMR pathway in H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis. To address this question, a gastric epithelial cell line and AGS cancer gastric cells were infected with several H. pylori strains. MMR gene expression and miRs correlating with H. pylori strain infection were evaluated. The results showed that H. pylori infection significantly down-regulated the expression of all selected MMR genes. Also, H. pylori infection modulated the expression of several miRs (including miR-150-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-3163), after 4, 8, and 12 h of infection. Computational prediction of candidate miRs and their predicted MMR targeting sites were obtained from TargetScan, mirDB, and MetaCore. The generated data indicated that the selected miRs (miR-150-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-3163) could possibly target and modulate MMR genes (POLD3, MSH2, and MSH3, respectively). The target validation was performed using mimics and luciferase gene reporter assays. Briefly, this study shows that H. pylori impairs MMR DNA repair pathway and identifies miRs that regulate MMR gene expression in gastric cancer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C Santos
- Clinical Pharmacology and Gastroenterology Unit, São Francisco University Medical School, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.,Women's Integrated Healthcare Center (CAISM), State University of Campinas, (UNICAMP) Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mitsue T Brianti
- Clinical Pharmacology and Gastroenterology Unit, São Francisco University Medical School, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor R Almeida
- Clinical Pharmacology and Gastroenterology Unit, São Francisco University Medical School, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoela M Ortega
- Clinical Pharmacology and Gastroenterology Unit, São Francisco University Medical School, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wolfgang Fischer
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marcelo L Ribeiro
- Clinical Pharmacology and Gastroenterology Unit, São Francisco University Medical School, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
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32
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Chen SY, Zhang RG, Duan GC. Pathogenic mechanisms of the oncoprotein CagA in H. pylori-induced gastric cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3087-3094. [PMID: 27748858 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori is the strongest risk factor for the development of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer and gastric carcinoma. The majority of the H. pylori-infected population remains asymptomatic, and only 1% of individuals may progress to gastric cancer. The clinical outcomes caused by H. pylori infection are considered to be associated with bacterial virulence, genetic polymorphism of hosts as well as environmental factors. Most H. pylori strains possess a cytotoxin-associated gene (cag) pathogenicity island (cagPAI), encoding a 120-140 kDa CagA protein, which is the most important bacterial oncoprotein. CagA is translocated into host cells via T4SS system and affects the expression of signaling proteins in a phosphorylation-dependent and independent manner. Thus, this review summarizes the results of relevant studies, discusses the pathogenesis of CagA-mediated gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Yin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Guang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Cai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
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33
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Li S, Zhang H, Wang X, Qu Y, Duan J, Liu R, Deng T, Ning T, Zhang L, Bai M, Zhou L, Wang X, Ge S, Ying G, Ba Y. Direct targeting of HGF by miR-16 regulates proliferation and migration in gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:15175-15183. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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34
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da Silva Oliveira KC, Thomaz Araújo TM, Albuquerque CI, Barata GA, Gigek CO, Leal MF, Wisnieski F, Rodrigues Mello Junior FA, Khayat AS, de Assumpção PP, Rodriguez Burbano RM, Smith MC, Calcagno DQ. Role of miRNAs and their potential to be useful as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7951-7962. [PMID: 27672290 PMCID: PMC5028809 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i35.7951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in epigenetic control of gene expression play an important role in many diseases, including gastric cancer. Many studies have identified a large number of upregulated oncogenic miRNAs and downregulated tumour-suppressor miRNAs in this type of cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of miRNAs, pointing to their potential to be useful as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers in gastric cancer. Moreover, we discuss the influence of polymorphisms and epigenetic modifications on miRNA activity.
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35
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Song X, Xin N, Wang W, Zhao C. Wnt/β-catenin, an oncogenic pathway targeted by H. pylori in gastric carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35579-88. [PMID: 26417932 PMCID: PMC4742126 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A section of gastric cancers presents nuclear β-catenin accumulation correlated with H. pylori infection. H. pylori stimulate Wnt/β-catenin pathway by activating oncogenic c-Met and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), or by inhibiting tumor suppressor Runx3 and Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1). H. pylori also trigger Wnt/β-catenin pathway by recruiting macrophages. Moreover, Wnt/β-catenin pathway is found involved in H. pylori-induced gastric cancer stem cell generation. Recently, by using gastroids, researchers have further revealed that H. pylori induce gastric epithelial cell proliferation through β-catenin. These findings indicate that Wnt/β-catenin is an oncogenic pathway activated by H. pylori. Therefore, this pathway is a potential therapy target for H. pylori-related gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Xin
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenghai Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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36
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Potential Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Targets of MicroRNAs in Human Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060945. [PMID: 27322246 PMCID: PMC4926478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by a high incidence and mortality rate, largely because it is normally not identified until a relatively advanced stage owing to a lack of early diagnostic biomarkers. Gastroscopy with biopsy is the routine method for screening, and gastrectomy is the major therapeutic strategy for GC. However, in more than 30% of GC surgical patients, cancer has progressed too far for effective medical resection. Thus, useful biomarkers for early screening or detection of GC are essential for improving patients’ survival rate. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in tumorigenesis. They contribute to gastric carcinogenesis by altering the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Because of their stability in tissues, serum/plasma and other body fluids, miRNAs have been suggested as novel tumor biomarkers with suitable clinical potential. Recently, aberrantly expressed miRNAs have been identified and tested for clinical application in the management of GC. Aberrant miRNA expression profiles determined with miRNA microarrays, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing approaches could be used to establish sample specificity and to identify tumor type. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary of tissue-based GC-associated miRNAs, describing their involvement and that of their downstream targets in tumorigenic and biological processes. We examine correlations among significant clinical parameters and prognostic indicators, and discuss recurrence monitoring and therapeutic options in GC. We also review plasma/serum-based, GC-associated, circulating miRNAs and their clinical applications, focusing especially on early diagnosis. By providing insights into the mechanisms of miRNA-related tumor progression, this review will hopefully aid in the identification of novel potential therapeutic targets.
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37
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Yan W, Qian L, Chen J, Chen W, Shen B. Comparison of Prognostic MicroRNA Biomarkers in Blood and Tissues for Gastric Cancer. J Cancer 2016; 7:95-106. [PMID: 26722365 PMCID: PMC4679386 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) still keeps up high mortality worldwide with poor prognosis. Efficient and non-invasive prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed. MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs playing roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation, which contribute to various biological processes such as development, differentiation and carcinogenesis. MicroRNA expression profiles have been associated with the prognosis and outcome in GC. MicroRNA prognostic biomarkers have been identified from blood or tissues samples, but with different prognostic features. Understanding the various roles of microRNAs in different sample sources of GC will provide deep insights into GC progression. In this review, we highlight the distinct prognostic roles of microRNAs biomarkers in blood and tissue according to their relationships with prognostic parameters, survival rates and target pathways. This will be useful for non-invasive biomarker development and selection in prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Yan
- 1. Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; ; 2. Taicang Center for Translational Bioinformatics, Taicang 215400, China; ; 3. Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Laijun Qian
- 4. Daibu Center Hospital, Liyang, 213330, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- 5. School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Weichang Chen
- 1. Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- 3. Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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38
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Critical roles for murine Reck in the regulation of vascular patterning and stabilization. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17860. [PMID: 26658478 PMCID: PMC4675993 DOI: 10.1038/srep17860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to play several important roles in vascular development, although the molecular mechanisms behind these remain largely unknown. RECK, a tumor suppressor downregulated in a wide variety of cancers, encodes a membrane-anchored matrix-metalloproteinase-regulator. Mice lacking functional Reck die in utero, demonstrating its importance for mammalian embryogenesis; however, the underlying causes of mid-gestation lethality remain unclear. Using Reck conditional knockout mice, we have now demonstrated that the lack of Reck in vascular mural cells is largely responsible for mid-gestation lethality. Experiments using cultured aortic explants further revealed that Reck is essential for at least two events in sprouting angiogenesis; (1) correct association of mural and endothelial tip cells to the microvessels and (2) maintenance of fibronectin matrix surrounding the vessels. These findings demonstrate the importance of appropriate cell-cell interactions and ECM maintenance for angiogenesis and the involvement of Reck as a critical regulator of these events.
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39
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Yang Q, Zhang RW, Sui PC, He HT, Ding L. Dysregulation of non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10956-10981. [PMID: 26494954 PMCID: PMC4607897 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i39.10956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world and a significant threat to the health of patients, especially those from China and Japan. The prognosis for patients with late stage GC receiving the standard of care treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, remains poor. Developing novel treatment strategies, identifying new molecules for targeted therapy, and devising screening techniques to detect this cancer in its early stages are needed for GC patients. The discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), primarily microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), helped to elucidate the mechanisms of tumorigenesis, diagnosis and treatment of GC. Recently, significant research has been conducted on non-coding RNAs and how the regulatory dysfunction of these RNAs impacts the tumorigenesis of GC. In this study, we review papers published in the last five years concerning the dysregulation of non-coding RNAs, especially miRNAs and lncRNAs, in GC. We summarize instances of aberrant expression of the ncRNAs in GC and their effect on survival-related events, including cell cycle regulation, AKT signaling, apoptosis and drug resistance. Additionally, we evaluate how ncRNA dysregulation affects the metastatic process, including the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem cells, transcription factor activity, and oncogene and tumor suppressor expression. Lastly, we determine how ncRNAs affect angiogenesis in the microenvironment of GC. We further discuss the use of ncRNAs as potential biomarkers for use in clinical screening, early diagnosis and prognosis of GC. At present, no ideal ncRNAs have been identified as targets for the treatment of GC.
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Helicobacter pylori CagA Suppresses Apoptosis through Activation of AKT in a Nontransformed Epithelial Cell Model of Glandular Acini Formation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:761501. [PMID: 26557697 PMCID: PMC4628739 DOI: 10.1155/2015/761501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
H. pylori infection is the most important environmental risk to develop gastric cancer, mainly through its virulence factor CagA. In vitro models of CagA function have demonstrated a phosphoprotein activity targeting multiple cellular signaling pathways, while cagA transgenic mice develop carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract, supporting oncogenic functions. However, it is still not completely clear how CagA alters cellular processes associated with carcinogenic events. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of H. pylori CagA positive and negative strains to alter nontransformed MCF-10A glandular acini formation. We found that CagA positive strains inhibited lumen formation arguing for an evasion of apoptosis activity of central acini cells. In agreement, CagA positive strains induced a cell survival activity that correlated with phosphorylation of AKT and of proapoptotic proteins BIM and BAD. Anoikis is a specific type of apoptosis characterized by AKT and BIM activation and it is the mechanism responsible for lumen formation of MCF-10A acini in vitro and mammary glands in vivo. Anoikis resistance is also a common mechanism of invading tumor cells. Our data support that CagA positive strains signaling function targets the AKT and BIM signaling pathway and this could contribute to its oncogenic activity through anoikis evasion.
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Libânio D, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Pimentel-Nunes P. Helicobacter pylori and microRNAs: Relation with innate immunity and progression of preneoplastic conditions. World J Clin Oncol 2015; 6:111-132. [PMID: 26468448 PMCID: PMC4600186 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v6.i5.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The accepted paradigm for intestinal-type gastric cancer pathogenesis is a multistep progression from chronic gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) to gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and ultimately gastric cancer. The genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression are still not completely understood as only a fraction of colonized individuals ever develop neoplasia suggesting that bacterial, host and environmental factors are involved. MicroRNAs are noncoding RNAs that may influence H. pylori-related pathology through the regulation of the transcription and expression of various genes, playing an important role in inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Indeed, H. pylori have been shown to modify microRNA expression in the gastric mucosa and microRNAs are involved in the immune host response to the bacteria and in the regulation of the inflammatory response. MicroRNAs have a key role in the regulation of inflammatory pathways and H. pylori may influence inflammation-mediated gastric carcinogenesis possibly through DNA methylation and epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor microRNAs. Furthermore, microRNAs influenced by H. pylori also have been found to be involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Altogether, microRNAs seem to have an important role in the progression from gastritis to preneoplastic conditions and neoplastic lesions and since each microRNA can control the expression of hundreds to thousands of genes, knowledge of microRNAs target genes and their functions are of paramount importance. In this article we present a comprehensive review about the role of microRNAs in H. pylori gastric carcinogenesis, identifying the microRNAs downregulated and upregulated in the infection and clarifying their biological role in the link between immune host response, inflammation, DNA methylation and gastric carcinogenesis.
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Liu W, Song N, Yao H, Zhao L, Liu H, Li G. miR-221 and miR-222 Simultaneously Target RECK and Regulate Growth and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:2718-25. [PMID: 26364844 PMCID: PMC4576921 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Helicobacter pylori infection is necessary for development of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), the underlying mechanism remains poorly defined. This study aimed to explore how miR-221 and miR-222 are dysregulated after H. pylori infection and how these 2 miRNAs are involved in pathological development of gastric cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS qRT-PCR analysis was performed to quantify miR-221 and miR-222 expression in patients with H. pylori - induced chronic gastritis, H. pylori-negative healthy controls, and in gastric cancer tissues and the corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Cell models were used to verify the expression profile. Dual luciferase assay was performed to verify putative binding between miR-221 or miR-222 and RECK. A loss-and-gain function study was performed to assess the miR-221/miR-222-RECK axis in gastric cancer cells. RESULTS H. pylori infection leads to significantly higher miR-221 and miR-222 expression. MiR-221 and miR-222 can bind the same sequence of RECK 3'UTR, thereby modulating its expression. Through simultaneous regulation over RECK, miR-221 and miR-222 can promote gastric cancer cell growth and invasion. CONCLUSIONS The miR-221/miR-222-RECK axis might be an important path modulating H. pylori infection-related gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenneng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Nian Song
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Huihua Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Liying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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Liu W, Song N, Yao H, Zhao L, Liu H, Li G. miR-221 and miR-222 Simultaneously Target RECK and Regulate Growth and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells. MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR : INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2015. [PMID: 26364844 DOI: 10.12659/msm.89432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Helicobacter pylori infection is necessary for development of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), the underlying mechanism remains poorly defined. This study aimed to explore how miR-221 and miR-222 are dysregulated after H. pylori infection and how these 2 miRNAs are involved in pathological development of gastric cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS qRT-PCR analysis was performed to quantify miR-221 and miR-222 expression in patients with H. pylori - induced chronic gastritis, H. pylori-negative healthy controls, and in gastric cancer tissues and the corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Cell models were used to verify the expression profile. Dual luciferase assay was performed to verify putative binding between miR-221 or miR-222 and RECK. A loss-and-gain function study was performed to assess the miR-221/miR-222-RECK axis in gastric cancer cells. RESULTS H. pylori infection leads to significantly higher miR-221 and miR-222 expression. MiR-221 and miR-222 can bind the same sequence of RECK 3'UTR, thereby modulating its expression. Through simultaneous regulation over RECK, miR-221 and miR-222 can promote gastric cancer cell growth and invasion. CONCLUSIONS The miR-221/miR-222-RECK axis might be an important path modulating H. pylori infection-related gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenneng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Nian Song
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Huihua Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Liying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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Darnet S, Moreira FC, Hamoy IG, Burbano R, Khayat A, Cruz A, Magalhães L, Silva A, Santos S, Demachki S, Assumpção M, Assumpção P, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos Â. High-Throughput Sequencing of miRNAs Reveals a Tissue Signature in Gastric Cancer and Suggests Novel Potential Biomarkers. Bioinform Biol Insights 2015; 9:1-8. [PMID: 26157332 PMCID: PMC4485834 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide; however, the use of biomarkers for its clinical diagnosis remains limited. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are biomarkers with the potential to identify the risk and prognosis as well as therapeutic targets. We performed the ultradeep miRnomes sequencing of gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric antrum without tumor samples. We observed that a small set of those samples were responsible for approximately 80% of the total miRNAs expression, which might represent a miRNA tissue signature. Additionally, we identified seven miRNAs exhibiting significant differences, and, of these, hsa-miR-135b and hsa-miR-29c were able to discriminate antrum without tumor from gastric cancer regardless of the histological type. These findings were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that hsa-miR-135b and hsa-miR-29c are potential gastric adenocarcinoma occurrence biomarkers with the ability to identify individuals at a higher risk of developing this cancer, and could even be used as therapeutic targets to allow individualized clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Darnet
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Fabiano C Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Área de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Centro Universitário do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Igor G Hamoy
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Campus de Capanema, PA, Brazil
| | - Rommel Burbano
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - André Khayat
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Aline Cruz
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Leandro Magalhães
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Sidney Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Samia Demachki
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Monica Assumpção
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Assumpção
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-Dos-Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. ; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Ishimoto T, Baba H, Izumi D, Sugihara H, Kurashige J, Iwatsuki M, Tan P. Current perspectives toward the identification of key players in gastric cancer microRNA dysregulation. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1337-49. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore; Singapore Singapore
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Daisuke Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Hidetaka Sugihara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Junji Kurashige
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Patrick Tan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore; Singapore Singapore
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Li B, Li YM, Guo JW, Wei YC. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:1083-1089. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i7.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most important risk factor. More than 50% of the world population is infected by H. pylori, but less than 2% develop gastric cancer. Other risk factors like host and environmental factors also play a role in the occurrence of gastric cancer. The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is a multi-factorial and multi-step process, and its outcome is influenced by a combination of host, bacterial, and environmental factors.
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Singh PK, Preus L, Hu Q, Yan L, Long MD, Morrison CD, Nesline M, Johnson CS, Koochekpour S, Kohli M, Liu S, Trump DL, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Campbell MJ. Serum microRNA expression patterns that predict early treatment failure in prostate cancer patients. Oncotarget 2015; 5:824-40. [PMID: 24583788 PMCID: PMC3996656 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns in the serum of prostate cancer (CaP) patients that predict the risk of early treatment failure following radical prostatectomy (RP). Microarray and Q-RT-PCR analyses identified 43 miRNAs as differentiating disease stages within 14 prostate cell lines and reflectedpublically available patient data. 34 of these miRNA were detectable in the serum of CaP patients. Association with time to biochemical progression was examined in a cohort of CaP patients following RP. A greater than two-fold increase in hazard of biochemical progression associated with altered expression of miR-103, miR-125b and miR-222 (p <.0008) in the serum of CaP patients. Prediction models based on penalized regression analyses showed that the levels of the miRNAs and PSA together were better at detecting false positives than models without miRNAs, for similar level of sensitivity. Analyses of publically available data revealed significant and reciprocal relationships between changes in CpG methylation and miRNA expression patterns suggesting a role for CpG methylation to regulate miRNA. Exploratory validation supported roles for miR-222 and miR-125b to predict progression risk in CaP. The current study established that expression patterns of serum-detectable miRNAs taken at the time of RP are prognostic for men who are at risk of experiencing subsequent early biochemical progression. These non-invasive approaches could be used to augment treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
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Calcagno DQ, de Arruda Cardoso Smith M, Burbano RR. Cancer type-specific epigenetic changes: gastric cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1238:79-101. [PMID: 25421656 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1804-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major cause of mortality despite declining rate in the world. Epigenetic alterations contribute significantly to the development and progression of gastric tumors. Epigenetic refers to the number of modifications of the chromatin structure that affect gene expression without altering the primary sequence of DNA, and these changes lead to transcriptional activation or silencing of the gene. Over the years, the study of epigenetic processes has increased, and novel therapeutic approaches have emerged. This chapter summarizes the main epigenomic mechanisms described recently involved in gastric carcinogenesis, focusing on the roles that aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications (histone acetylation and methylation), and miRNAs (oncogenic and tumor suppressor function of miRNA) play in the onset and progression of gastric tumors. Clinical implications of these epigenetic alterations in GC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Queiroz Calcagno
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Guamá, CEP 66073-000 Belém, PA, Brazil,
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Xie J, Tan ZH, Tang X, Mo MS, Liu YP, Gan RL, Li Y, Zhang L, Li GQ. miR-374b-5p suppresses RECK expression and promotes gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:17439-17447. [PMID: 25516656 PMCID: PMC4265603 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i46.17439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To profile expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gastric cancer cells and investigate the effect of miR-374b-5p on gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
METHODS: An miRNA microarray assay was performed to identify miRNAs differentially expressed in gastric cancer cell lines (MGC-803 and SGC-7901) compared with a normal gastric epithelial cell line. Upregulation of miR-374b-5p was newly identified and confirmed via quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). MGC-803 cells were transfected with a synthesized anti-miR-374b-5p sequence or a control vector using Lipofectamine reagent, or treated with transfection reagent alone or phosphate-buffered saline as controls. Rate of transfection was verified after 48 h by qRT-PCR. Cells were then subjected to transwell migration, wound scratch and cell counting kit-8 assays. A bioinformatic analysis to identify miR-374b-5p target genes was performed using miRanda, PicTar and TargetScan software. A dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to evaluate the influence of miR-374b-5p on target gene activation, and qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate the levels of target mRNA and protein following transfection with miR-374b-5p antisense oligonucleotides.
RESULTS: The microarray profiling revealed downregulation of 14 (fold change < 0.667; P < 0.05) and upregulation of 12 (fold change > 1.50; P < 0.05) miRNAs in MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells compared with GES-1 controls. The upregulation of miR-374b-5p (fold change = 1.75 and 1.64 in MGC-803 and SGC-7901, respectively; P < 0.05) was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Compared with the control groups, the restoration of miR-374b-5p expression with anti-miR-374b-5p significantly suppressed the metastasis, invasion and proliferation of MGC-803 cells. The bioinformatic analysis predicted that the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motif (RECK) contains three miR-374b-5p target sequences. RECK was verified as a target gene in a dual luciferase reporter assay showing that activation of RECK 3’UTR-pmirGLO was increased by co-transfection with miR-374b-5p. Finally, transfection of miR-374b-5p antisense oligonucleotides increased mRNA and protein levels of RECK in MGC-803 cells (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that upregulation of miR-374b-5p contributes to gastric cancer cell metastasis and invasion through inhibition of RECK expression.
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Zhu ED, Li N, Li BS, Li W, Zhang WJ, Mao XH, Guo G, Zou QM, Xiao B. miR-30b, down-regulated in gastric cancer, promotes apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth by targeting plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106049. [PMID: 25170877 PMCID: PMC4149503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases worldwide. Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with tumor development and progression. Our previous studies have revealed that H. pylori infection was able to induce the altered expression of miR-30b in gastric epithelial cells. However, little is known about the potential role of miR-30b in gastric cancer. Methods We analyzed the expression of miR-30b in gastric cancer cell lines and human gastric cancer tissues. We examined the effect of miR-30b mimics on the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells in vitro by flow cytometry (FCM) and caspase-3/7 activity assays. Nude mouse xenograft model was used to determine whether miR-30b is involved in tumorigenesis of gastric cancer. The target of miR-30b was identified by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase assay and Western blot. Finally, we performed the correlation analysis between miR-30b and its target expression in gastric cancer. Results miR-30b was significantly down-regulated in gastric cancer cells and human gastric cancer tissues. Enforced expression of miR-30b promoted the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells in vitro, and miR-30b could significantly inhibit tumorigenicity of gastric cancer by increasing the apoptosis proportion of cancer cells in vivo. Moreover, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was identified as the potential target of miR-30b, and miR-30b level was inversely correlated with PAI-1 expression in gastric cancer. In addition, silencing of PAI-1 was able to phenocopy the effect of miR-30b overexpression on apoptosis regulation of cancer cells, and overexpression of PAI-1 could suppressed the effect of promoting cell apoptosis by miR-30b, indicating PAI-1 is potentially involved in miR-30b-induced apoptosis on cancer cells. Conclusion miR-30b may function as a novel tumor suppressor gene in gastric cancer by targeting PAI-1 and regulating the apoptosis of cancer cells. miR-30b could serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Dong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Sheng Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Hu Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Gang Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (BX); (QMZ)
| | - Bin Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (BX); (QMZ)
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