1
|
Kang Z, Wang C, Shao F, Deng H, Sun Y, Ren Z, Zhang W, Ding Z, Zhang J, Zang Y. The increase of long noncoding RNA Fendrr in hepatocytes contributes to liver fibrosis by promoting IL-6 production. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107376. [PMID: 38762176 PMCID: PMC11190708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis/cirrhosis is a pathological state caused by excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Sustained activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is the predominant cause of liver fibrosis, but the detailed mechanism is far from clear. In this study, we found that long noncoding RNA Fendrr is exclusively increased in hepatocytes in the murine model of CCl4- and bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis, as well as in the biopsies of liver cirrhosis patients. In vivo, ectopic expression of Fendrr aggravated the severity of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. In contrast, inhibiting Fendrr blockaded the activation of HSC and ameliorated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Our mechanistic study showed that Fendrr binds to STAT2 and enhances its enrichment in the nucleus, which then promote the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), and, ultimately, activates HSC in a paracrine manner. Accordingly, disrupting the interaction between Fendrr and STAT2 by ectopic expression of a STAT2 mutant attenuated the profibrotic response inspired by Fendrr in the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Notably, the increase of Fendrr in patient fibrotic liver is positively correlated with the severity of fibrosis and the expression of IL-6. Meanwhile, hepatic IL-6 positively correlates with the extent of liver fibrosis and HSC activation as well, thus suggesting a causative role of Fendrr in HSC activation and liver fibrosis. In conclusion, these observations identify an important regulatory cross talk between hepatocyte Fendrr and HSC activation in the progression of liver fibrosis, which might represent a potential strategy for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chenqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhengrong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Yuhui Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ning Y, Dou X, Wang Z, Shi K, Wang Z, Ding C, Sang X, Zhong X, Shao M, Han X, Cao G. SIRT3: A potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 257:108639. [PMID: 38561088 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuin3 (SIRT3) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylase located in the mitochondria, which mainly regulates the acetylation of mitochondrial proteins. In addition, SIRT3 is involved in critical biological processes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and apoptosis, all of which are closely related to the progression of liver disease. Liver fibrosis characterized by the deposition of extracellular matrix is a result of long termed or repeated liver damage, frequently accompanied by damaged hepatocytes, the recruitment of inflammatory cells, and the activation of hepatic stellate cells. Based on the functions and pharmacology of SIRT3, we will review its roles in liver fibrosis from three aspects: First, the main functions and pharmacological effects of SIRT3 were investigated based on its structure. Second, the roles of SIRT3 in major cells in the liver were summarized to reveal its mechanism in developing liver fibrosis. Last, drugs that regulate SIRT3 to prevent and treat liver fibrosis were discussed. In conclusion, exploring the pharmacological effects of SIRT3, especially in the liver, may be a potential strategy for treating liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ning
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Dou
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiyu Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heering G, Lebovics N, Agarwal R, Frishman WH, Lebovics E. Fontan-Associated Liver Disease: A Review. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00231. [PMID: 38477576 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) is a chronic complication of the Fontan procedure, a palliative surgery for patients with congenital heart disease that results in a single-ventricle circulation. The success of the Fontan procedure has led to a growing population of post-Fontan patients living well into adulthood. For this population, FALD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It encompasses a spectrum of hepatic abnormalities, ranging from mild fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathophysiology of FALD is multifactorial, involving hemodynamic and inflammatory factors. The diagnosis and monitoring of FALD present many challenges. Conventional noninvasive tests that use liver stiffness as a surrogate marker of fibrosis are unreliable in FALD, where liver stiffness is also a result of congestion due to the Fontan circulation. Even invasive tissue sampling is inconsistent due to the patchy distribution of fibrosis. FALD is also associated with both benign and malignant liver lesions, which may exhibit similar imaging features. There is therefore a need for validated diagnostic and surveillance protocols to address these challenges. The definitive treatment of end-stage FALD is also a subject of controversy. Both isolated heart transplantation and combined heart-liver transplantation have been employed, with the latter becoming increasingly preferred in the US. This article reviews the current literature on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of FALD, and highlights knowledge gaps that require further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Heering
- From the Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Nachum Lebovics
- From the Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Raksheeth Agarwal
- From the Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
- Internal Medicine at Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - William H Frishman
- From the Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Edward Lebovics
- From the Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu B, Xie X, Yang X, Dou C, Tang H, Liu J. The miR-3074/BMP7 axis regulates TGF-β-caused activation of hepatic stellate cells in vitro and CCl 4-caused murine liver fibrosis in vivo. Hum Cell 2024; 37:435-450. [PMID: 38218754 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-01017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Continuously progressive hepatic fibrosis might cause chronic liver diseases, resulting in hepatic failure. The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) residing in the liver might induce and influence hepatic fibrosis. In the present study, microRNA 3074 (miR-3074) was found increased within transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated HSCs and enriched within the TGF-β signaling. In activated HSCs by TGF-β, miR-3074 overexpression aggravated TGF-β-induced fibrotic changes, whereas miR-3074 inhibition exerted opposite effects. miR-3074 directly targeted bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) and inhibited BMP7 expression. Under TGF-β induction, overexpressed BMP7 notably attenuated the promotive roles of miR-3074 overexpression in TGF-β-activated HSCs. Within carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-caused liver fibrosis murine model, miR-3074 agomir administration promoted, while LV-BMP7 administration alleviated CCl4-induced fibrotic changes; LV-BMP7 significantly attenuated the effects of miR-3074 agomir. Lastly, mmu-miR-3074 also targeted mouse BMP7 and inhibited mouse BMP7 expression. In conclusion, the miR-3074/BMP7 axis regulates TGF-β-caused activation of HSCs in vitro and CCl4-caused murine liver fibrosis in vivo. BMP7-mediated Smad1/5/8 activation might be involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Xia Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Chengyun Dou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Haibo Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carvalho AM, Bansal R, Barrias CC, Sarmento B. The Material World of 3D-Bioprinted and Microfluidic-Chip Models of Human Liver Fibrosis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307673. [PMID: 37961933 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials are extensively used to mimic cell-matrix interactions, which are essential for cell growth, function, and differentiation. This is particularly relevant when developing in vitro disease models of organs rich in extracellular matrix, like the liver. Liver disease involves a chronic wound-healing response with formation of scar tissue known as fibrosis. At early stages, liver disease can be reverted, but as disease progresses, reversion is no longer possible, and there is no cure. Research for new therapies is hampered by the lack of adequate models that replicate the mechanical properties and biochemical stimuli present in the fibrotic liver. Fibrosis is associated with changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix that directly influence cell behavior. Biomaterials could play an essential role in better emulating the disease microenvironment. In this paper, the recent and cutting-edge biomaterials used for creating in vitro models of human liver fibrosis are revised, in combination with cells, bioprinting, and/or microfluidics. These technologies have been instrumental to replicate the intricate structure of the unhealthy tissue and promote medium perfusion that improves cell growth and function, respectively. A comprehensive analysis of the impact of material hints and cell-material interactions in a tridimensional context is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Carvalho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, Technical Medical Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina C Barrias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- IUCS - Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Azizsoltani A, Hatami B, Zali MR, Mahdavi V, Baghaei K, Alizadeh E. Obeticholic acid-loaded exosomes attenuate liver fibrosis through dual targeting of the FXR signaling pathway and ECM remodeling. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115777. [PMID: 37913732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
End-stage of liver fibrosis as a precancerous state could lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma which liver transplantation is the only effective treatment. Previous studies have indicated that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, such as obeticholic acid (OCA) protect against hepatic injuries. However, free OCA administration results in side effects in clinical trials that could be alleviated by applying bio carriers such as MSC-derived exosomes (Exo) with the potential to mimic the biological regenerative effect of their parent cells, as proposed in this study. Loading OCA into the Exo was conducted via water bath sonication. Ex vivo bio distribution studies validated the Exo-loaded OCA more permanently accumulated in the liver. Using CCL4-induced liver fibrosis, we proposed whether Exo isolated from human Warton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells loaded with a minimal dosage of OCA can facilitate liver recovery. Notably, Exo-loaded OCA exerted additive anti-fibrotic efficacy on histopathological features in CCL4-induced fibrotic mice. Compared to baseline, Exo-mediated delivery OCA results in marked improvements in the fibrotic-related indicators as well as serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations. Accordingly, the synergistic impact of Exo-loaded OCA as a promising approach is associated with the inactivation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and Fxr-Cyp7a1 cascade on CCL4-induced liver fibrosis mice. In conclusion, our data confirmed the additive protective effects of Exo-loaded OCA in fibrotic mice, which suggests a valuable therapeutic strategy to combat liver fibrosis. Furthermore, the use of Exo for accurate drug delivery to the liver tissue can be inspiring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Azizsoltani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Mahdavi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Medina Pizaño MY, Loera Arias MDJ, Montes de Oca Luna R, Saucedo Cárdenas O, Ventura Juárez J, Muñoz Ortega MH. Neuroimmunomodulation of adrenoblockers during liver cirrhosis: modulation of hepatic stellate cell activity. Ann Med 2023; 55:543-557. [PMID: 36826975 PMCID: PMC9970206 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2164047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system and the immune system are responsible for producing neurotransmitters and cytokines that interact by binding to receptors; due to this, there is communication between these systems. Liver immune cells and nerve fibres are systematically distributed in the liver, and the partial overlap of both patterns may favour interactions between certain elements. Dendritic cells are attached to fibroblasts, and nerve fibres are connected via the dendritic cell-fibroblast complex. Receptors for most neuroactive substances, such as catecholamines, have been discovered on dendritic cells. The sympathetic nervous system regulates hepatic fibrosis through sympathetic fibres and adrenaline from the adrenal glands through the blood. When there is liver damage, the sympathetic nervous system is activated locally and systemically through proinflammatory cytokines that induce the production of epinephrine and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters bind to cells through α-adrenergic receptors, triggering a cellular response that secretes inflammatory factors that stimulate and activate hepatic stellate cells. Hepatic stellate cells are key in the fibrotic process. They initiate the overproduction of extracellular matrix components in an active state that progresses from fibrosis to liver cirrhosis. It has also been shown that they can be directly activated by norepinephrine. Alpha and beta adrenoblockers, such as carvedilol, prazosin, and doxazosin, have recently been used to reverse CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis in rodent and murine models.KEY MESSAGESNeurotransmitters from the sympathetic nervous system activate and increase the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells.Hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis treatment might depend on neurotransmitter and hepatic nervous system regulation.Strategies to reduce hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis are based on experimentation with α-adrenoblockers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Odila Saucedo Cárdenas
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Javier Ventura Juárez
- Department of Morphology, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Borrello MT, Mann D. Chronic liver diseases: From development to novel pharmacological therapies: IUPHAR Review 37. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2880-2897. [PMID: 35393658 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases comprise a broad spectrum of burdensome diseases that still lack effective pharmacological therapies. Our research group focuses on fibrosis, which is a major precursor of liver cirrhosis. Fibrosis consists in a progressive disturbance of liver sinusoidal architecture characterised by connective tissue deposition as a reparative response to tissue injury. Multifactorial events and several types of cells participate in fibrosis initiation and progression, and the process still needs to be completely understood. The development of experimental models of liver fibrosis alongside the identification of critical factors progressing fibrosis to cirrhosis will facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic approaches for such condition. This review provides an overlook of the main process leading to hepatic fibrosis and therapeutic approaches that have emerged from a deep knowledge of the molecular regulation of fibrogenesis in the liver. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.22/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Borrello
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Derek Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Song P, Duan J, Ding J, Liu J, Fang Z, Xu H, Li Z, Du W, Xu M, Ling Y, He F, Tao K, Wang L. Cellular senescence primes liver fibrosis regression through Notch-EZH2. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e346. [PMID: 37614965 PMCID: PMC10442476 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence plays a pivotal role in wound healing. At the initiation of liver fibrosis regression, accumulated senescent cells were detected and genes of senescence were upregulated. Flow cytometry combined with single-cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed that most of senescent cells were liver nonparenchymal cells. Removing senescent cells by dasatinib and quercetin (DQ), alleviated hepatic cellular senescence, impeded fibrosis regression, and disrupted liver sinusoids. Clearance of senescent cells not only decreased senescent macrophages but also shrank the proportion of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages through apoptotic pathway. Subsequently, macrophages were depleted by clodronate, which diminished hepatic senescent cells and impaired fibrosis regression. Mechanistically, the change of the epigenetic regulator enhancer of zeste homolog2 (EZH2) accompanied with the emergence of hepatic senescent cells while liver fibrosis regressed. Blocking EZH2 signaling by EPZ6438 reduced hepatic senescent cells and macrophages, decelerating liver fibrosis regression. Moreover, the promoter region of EZH2 was transcriptionally suppressed by Notch-Hes1 (hairy and enhancer of split 1) signaling. Disruption of Notch in macrophages using Lyz2 (lysozyme 2) Cre-RBP-J (recombination signal binding protein Jκ) f/f transgenic mice, enhanced hepatic cellular senescence, and facilitated fibrosis regression by upregulating EZH2 and blocking EZH2 abrogated the above effects caused by Notch deficiency. Ultimately, adopting Notch inhibitor Ly3039478 or exosome-mediated RBP-J decoy oligodeoxynucleotides accelerated liver fibrosis regression by augmenting hepatic cellular senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Juan‐Li Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jing‐Jing Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhi‐Wen Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yu‐Wei Ling
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Fei He
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Kai‐Shan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma X, Zhou W, Nie Y, Jing X, Li S, Jin C, Zhu A, Su J, Liao W, Ding K. A novel branched galacturonan from Gardenia jasminoides alleviates liver fibrosis linked to TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125540. [PMID: 37355063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) is a classic edible medicine in China of which the fruit has been proved to alleviate liver damage. We hypothesized whether polysaccharide in the fruit could have comparable bioactivity. To address this, a novel polysaccharide GJE0.2-2, is purified from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides. Indeed, GJE0.2-2 may attenuate CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice and impede the expression of critical fibrogenesis associated molecules such as α-SMA, FN1, and Collagen I induced by TGF-β in human hepatic stellate LX-2 cells. Mechanism studies suggest that this bioactivity may be implicated in TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway via directly binding to TLR4. The structure characterization shows that the backbone of this polysaccharide is mainly composed of galacturonic acid with minor rhamnose, branched with galactose and arabinose, galacturonic acid, and esterified hexenuronic acid (HexpA). These findings provide evidence for a novel pectin-linked polysaccharide-based new drug candidate development for liver fibrosis therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Ma
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanqi Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingmin Nie
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqi Jing
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Saijuan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Can Jin
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China
| | - Anming Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Juan Su
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenfeng Liao
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kan Ding
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao Y, Wang H, He T, Ma B, Chen G, Tzeng C. Knockdown of Yap attenuates TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis by interaction with hedgehog signals. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00775-6. [PMID: 37338798 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an aberrant wound healing response to tissue injury characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition and loss of normal liver architecture. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is regards to be the major process in liver fibrogenesis which is dynamic and reversible. Both Hippo signaling core factor Yap and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling promote HSCs transdifferentiation thereby regulating the repair process of liver injury. However, the molecular function of YAP and the regulation between Yap and Hh during fibrogenesis remain uncertain. In this study, the essential roles of Yap in liver fibrosis were investigated. Yap was detected to be increased in liver fibrotic tissue by the thioacetamide (TAA)-induced zebrafish embryonic and adult models. Inhibition of Yap by both embryonic morpholino interference and adult's inhibitor treatment was proved to alleviate TAA-induced liver lesions by and histology and gene expression examination. Transcriptomic analysis and gene expression detection showed that Yap and Hh signaling pathway have a cross talking upon TAA-induced liver fibrosis. In addition, TAA induction promoted the nuclear colocalization of YAP and Hh signaling factor GLI2α. This study demonstrates that Yap and Hh play synergistic protective roles in liver fibrotic response and provides new theoretical insight concerning the mechanisms of fibrosis progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China.
| | - Huiling Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Tianhua He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Guoguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Chimeng Tzeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
- Translational Medicine Research Center-Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theragnostic and Clinical Translation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital Medical Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Boora S, Sharma V, Kaushik S, Bhupatiraju AV, Singh S, Kaushik S. Hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: a persistent global problem. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:679-689. [PMID: 37059940 PMCID: PMC10235410 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are highly prevalent globally, representing a serious public health problem. The diverse modes of transmission and the burden of the chronic carrier population pose challenges to the effective management of HBV. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure available in the current scenario. Still, HBV is one of the significant health issues in various parts of the globe due to non-response to vaccines, the high number of concealed carriers, and the lack of access and awareness. Universal vaccination programs must be scaled up in neonates, especially in the developing parts of the world, to prevent new HBV infections. Novel treatments like combinational therapy, gene silencing, and new antivirals must be available for effective management. The prolonged infection of HBV, direct and indirect, can promote the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present review emphasizes the problems and probable solutions for better managing HBV infections, causal risk factors of HCC, and mechanisms of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit Boora
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, 124001, Haryana, Rohtak, India
| | - Vikrant Sharma
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, 124001, Haryana, Rohtak, India
| | | | | | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Samander Kaushik
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, 124001, Haryana, Rohtak, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen J, Xu L, Zhang XQ, Liu X, Zhang ZX, Zhu QM, Liu JY, Iqbal MO, Ding N, Shao CL, Wei MY, Gu YC. Discovery of a natural small-molecule AMP-activated kinase activator that alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:196-210. [PMID: 37275542 PMCID: PMC10232707 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-023-00168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a primary cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Unfortunately, there is no approved drug treatment for NASH. AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is an important metabolic sensor and whole-body regulator. It has been proposed that AMPK activators could be used for treating metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and NASH. In this study, we screened a marine natural compound library by monitoring AMPK activity and found a potent AMPK activator, candidusin A (CHNQD-0803). Further studies showed that CHNQD-0803 directly binds recombinant AMPK with a KD value of 4.728 × 10-8 M and activates AMPK at both molecular and intracellular levels. We then investigated the roles and mechanisms of CHNQD-0803 in PA-induced fat deposition, LPS-stimulated inflammation, TGF-β-induced fibrosis cell models and the MCD-induced mouse model of NASH. The results showed that CHNQD-0803 inhibited the expression of adipogenesis genes and reduced fat deposition, negatively regulated the NF-κB-TNFα inflammatory axis to suppress inflammation, and ameliorated liver injury and fibrosis. These data indicate that CHNQD-0803 as an AMPK activator is a novel potential therapeutic candidate for NASH treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-023-00168-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Xue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Zi-Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Qiu-Mei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Jian-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Muhammad Omer Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Ning Ding
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Mei-Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Yu-Chao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Low G, Ferguson C, Locas S, Tu W, Manolea F, Sam M, Wilson MP. Multiparametric MR assessment of liver fat, iron, and fibrosis: a concise overview of the liver "Triple Screen". Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:2060-2073. [PMID: 37041393 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-03887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a common source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) serves as a major cause of CLD with a rising annual prevalence. Additionally, iron overload can be both a cause and effect of CLD with a negative synergistic effect when combined with NAFLD. The development of state-of-the-art multiparametric MR solutions has led to a change in the diagnostic paradigm in CLD, shifting from traditional liver biopsy to innovative non-invasive methods for providing accurate and reliable detection and quantification of the disease burden. Novel imaging biomarkers such as MRI-PDFF for fat, R2 and R2* for iron, and liver stiffness for fibrosis provide important information for diagnosis, surveillance, risk stratification, and treatment. In this article, we provide a concise overview of the MR concepts and techniques involved in the detection and quantification of liver fat, iron, and fibrosis including their relative strengths and limitations and discuss a practical abbreviated MR protocol for clinical use that integrates these three MR biomarkers into a single simplified MR assessment. Multiparametric MR techniques provide accurate and reliable non-invasive detection and quantification of liver fat, iron, and fibrosis. These techniques can be combined in a single abbreviated MR "Triple Screen" assessment to offer a more complete metabolic imaging profile of CLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Low
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta Hospital, WMC 2B2.41 8440-112 ST, Edmonton, AB, T6G2B7, Canada
| | - Craig Ferguson
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta Hospital, WMC 2B2.41 8440-112 ST, Edmonton, AB, T6G2B7, Canada
| | - Stephanie Locas
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta Hospital, WMC 2B2.41 8440-112 ST, Edmonton, AB, T6G2B7, Canada
| | - Wendy Tu
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta Hospital, WMC 2B2.41 8440-112 ST, Edmonton, AB, T6G2B7, Canada
| | - Florin Manolea
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta Hospital, WMC 2B2.41 8440-112 ST, Edmonton, AB, T6G2B7, Canada
| | - Medica Sam
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta Hospital, WMC 2B2.41 8440-112 ST, Edmonton, AB, T6G2B7, Canada
| | - Mitchell P Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta Hospital, WMC 2B2.41 8440-112 ST, Edmonton, AB, T6G2B7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
McElhinney K, Irnaten M, O’Brien C. p53 and Myofibroblast Apoptosis in Organ Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076737. [PMID: 37047710 PMCID: PMC10095465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ fibrosis represents a dysregulated, maladaptive wound repair response that results in progressive disruption of normal tissue architecture leading to detrimental deterioration in physiological function, and significant morbidity/mortality. Fibrosis is thought to contribute to nearly 50% of all deaths in the Western world with current treatment modalities effective in slowing disease progression but not effective in restoring organ function or reversing fibrotic changes. When physiological wound repair is complete, myofibroblasts are programmed to undergo cell death and self-clearance, however, in fibrosis there is a characteristic absence of myofibroblast apoptosis. It has been shown that in fibrosis, myofibroblasts adopt an apoptotic-resistant, highly proliferative phenotype leading to persistent myofibroblast activation and perpetuation of the fibrotic disease process. Recently, this pathological adaptation has been linked to dysregulated expression of tumour suppressor gene p53. In this review, we discuss p53 dysregulation and apoptotic failure in myofibroblasts and demonstrate its consistent link to fibrotic disease development in all types of organ fibrosis. An enhanced understanding of the role of p53 dysregulation and myofibroblast apoptosis may aid in future novel therapeutic and/or diagnostic strategies in organ fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kealan McElhinney
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mustapha Irnaten
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm O’Brien
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ozdogan E, Arikan C. Liver fibrosis in children: a comprehensive review of mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapy. Clin Exp Pediatr 2023; 66:110-124. [PMID: 36550776 PMCID: PMC9989719 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease incidence is increasing among children worldwide due to a multitude of epidemiological changes. Most of these chronic insults to the pediatric liver progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis to different degrees. Liver and immune physiology differs significantly in children from adults. Because most of pediatric liver diseases have no definitive therapy, a better understanding of population and disease-specific fibrogenesis is mandatory. Furthermore, fibrosis development has prognostic significance and often guide treatment. Evaluation of liver fibrosis continues to rely on the gold-standard liver biopsy. However, many high-quality studies put forward the high diagnostic accuracy of numerous diagnostic modalities in this setting. Herein, we summarize and discuss the recent literature on fibrogenesis with an emphasis on pediatric physiology along with a detailed outline of disease-specific signatures, noninvasive diagnostic modalities, and the potential for antifibrotic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ozdogan
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cigdem Arikan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huppert SS, Schwartz RE. Multiple Facets of Cellular Homeostasis and Regeneration of the Mammalian Liver. Annu Rev Physiol 2023; 85:469-493. [PMID: 36270290 PMCID: PMC9918695 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-032822-094134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration occurs in response to diverse injuries and is capable of functionally reestablishing the lost parenchyma. This phenomenon has been known since antiquity, encapsulated in the Greek myth where Prometheus was to be punished by Zeus for sharing the gift of fire with humanity by having an eagle eat his liver daily, only to have the liver regrow back, thus ensuring eternal suffering and punishment. Today, this process is actively leveraged clinically during living donor liver transplantation whereby up to a two-thirds hepatectomy (resection or removal of part of the liver) on a donor is used for transplant to a recipient. The donor liver rapidly regenerates to recover the lost parenchymal mass to form a functional tissue. This astonishing regenerative process and unique capacity of the liver are examined in further detail in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey S Huppert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA;
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Buckholz AP, Brown RS. Noninvasive Fibrosis Testing in Chronic Liver Disease Including Caveats. Clin Liver Dis 2023; 27:117-131. [PMID: 36400461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of liver fibrosis is important as the range of liver disease management has expanded, rendering biopsy both imperfect and impractical in many situations. Noninvasive tests of fibrosis leverage laboratory, imaging and elastography techniques to estimate disease extent, often with the goal of identifying advanced fibrosis. This review attempts to summarize their utility across a broad range of possible clinical scenarios while considering the central tenets of health care quality: access, quality, and cost. For each test, it also discusses the caveats whereby each test may have reduced effectiveness and how to consider each in a typical clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Buckholz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, 1305 York Avenue 4th Floor, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Robert S Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, 1305 York Avenue 4th Floor, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu SQ, Deng X, Zhu CP, Cui YL, Xie WF, Zhang X. Depletion of Tgfbr2 in hepatocytes alleviates liver fibrosis and restores hepatic function in fibrotic mice. J Dig Dis 2023; 24:39-50. [PMID: 36967587 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling in activating hepatic stellate cells during liver fibrosis. In this study we aimed to demonstrate the effects and underlying mechanism of TGF-β signaling in hepatocytes on hepatic fibrogenesis. METHODS Hepatocyte-specific Tgfbr2-knockout (Tgfbr2HKO ) mice were generated by AAV8-TBG-Cre injection via the tail vein of Tgfbr2f/f mice. CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally twice a week for 4 weeks to establish the fibrotic mouse model. The expression of the fibrogenesis markers was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RNA-seq analysis was used to detect the transcriptional profiles of primary hepatocytes isolated from Tgfbr2HKO mice and control mice. RESULTS The expression of TβR2 (Tgfbr2) was markedly upregulated in hepatocytes of the fibrotic liver. Tgfbr2 depletion in hepatocytes decreased the expressions of profibrogenic markers (Col1a1 and Acta2) in the CCl4 -treated fibrotic liver. RNA-seq analysis revealed that Tgfbr2 deletion in hepatocytes significantly reduced the inflammatory response and suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocytes accompanied by upregulation of the metabolic pathways during liver fibrosis. Moreover, the expressions of hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs), including Hnf4α, Foxa1, Foxa2, and Foxa3, which are important for maintaining liver metabolism and homeostasis, were decreased in fibrotic livers and significantly increased after Tgfbr2 blockade. CONCLUSION Blocking the TGF-β signaling pathway in hepatocytes reduces hepatic fibrosis and improves hepatic function in fibrotic livers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Qing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Peng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Lu Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fen Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fan J, Tong G, Chen X, Li S, Yu Y, Zhu S, Zhu K, Hu Z, Dong Y, Chen R, Zhu J, Gong W, Hu Z, Zhou B, Chen Y, Jin L, Cong W. CK2 blockade alleviates liver fibrosis by suppressing activation of hepatic stellate cells via the Hedgehog pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:44-61. [PMID: 36070072 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Liver fibrosis is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide characterized by accumulation of extracellular matrix produced by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The protein kinase CK2 is a pro-survival kinase overexpressed in human tumours. However, the biological role of CK2 in liver fibrosis is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the mechanism by which CK2 promotes liver fibrosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vitro, LX-2 cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). HSCs were also isolated for research. In vivo, the adeno-associated virus AAV-sh-csnk2a1 was used to knockdown CK2α specifically in HSCs, and CX-4945 was used to pharmacologically inhibit the enzymatic activity of CK2 in murine models of fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) and a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet. Histological and biochemical analyses were performed to study the involvement of CK2 in regulation of fibrogenic and fibrolytic factors as well as activation properties of HSCs. KEY RESULTS HSC-specific genetic invalidation of CK2α or pharmacological inhibition of CK2 protected mice treated with CCl4 or fed a DDC diet against liver fibrosis and HSC accumulation. Mechanistically, CK2α, which bound to Smoothened (SMO), was a positive regulator of the Hedgehog signal transduction pathway. CK2 prevented ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of SMO, which was abolished by knockdown of CK2α or pharmacological inhibition of CK2. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS CK2 activation is critical to sustain the activated and fibrogenic phenotype of HSCs via SMO stabilization. Therefore, inactivation of CK2 by CX-4945 may be of therapeutic interest for liver fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfu Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaozan Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Santie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shunan Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kunxuan Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zijing Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yonggan Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjie Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Litai Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weitao Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Du C, Dong J, Wang Q, Xu C, Feng S, Feng R, Lv X, Li J, Zhang L, Huang C, Ma T. Hastatoside attenuatescarbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis by targeting glycogen synthase kinase-3β. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154585. [PMID: 36610117 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hastatoside is an iridoid glycoside extracted from the herb, Verbena officinalis, that exerts various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, sleep-promoting, and analgesic effects. However, only a few studies have reported the efficacy of hastatoside in liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis is a pathophysiological process, and its persistence can seriously affect the quality of life and well-being of the patients. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the role of hastatoside on liver fibrosis and its possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6 J mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis were used as the in vivo models. Histological features of the liver were observed using Masson's trichrome and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels and the hepatic fibrosis indices (type 3 procollagen, laminin, and hyaluronic acid) were measured using corresponding assay kits. LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) stimulated with the transforming growth factor β1 were used as the vitro models. Transfection of the glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β small interfering RNA (siRNA) and β-catenin plasmids was also performed in vitro. Protein levels of GSK-3β, phospho-GSK-3β (Ser 9), α-smooth muscle actin, collagen type I alpha 1, c-Myc, cyclin D1, and β-catenin were determined via western blotting. Moreover, the p-GSK-3β:GSK-3β ratio was calculated to determine the GSK-3β activity. RESULTS Hastatoside prevented CCl4-induced liver injury and histological damage. It inhibited the upregulation of α-SMA and Col1α1 levels in a CCl4-induced mouse hepatic fibrosis model. In vitro, hastatoside inhibited the proliferation and activation of HSCs by decreasing the expression levels of cyclin D1 and c-Myc and the proportion of LX-2 cells activated in the G0/G1 phase. Molecular docking results showed that hastatoside bound to GSK-3β. Hastatoside significantly increased the GSK-3β activity and inhibited the downstream effector expression of β-catenin. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that hastatoside can bind to GSK-3β and promote its activity, while inhibiting the GSK-3β downstream effector expression of β-catenin, thereby inhibiting the activation and proliferation of HSCs, which further prevents the development of liver fibrosis. These results provide innovative insights into the underlying liver fibrosis. Moreover, hastatoside is a potential anti-fibrosis monomer that can potentially be used for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Du
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Jiahui Dong
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Chuanting Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Shiqi Feng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China.
| | - Taotao Ma
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
He M, Chu T, Wang Z, Feng Y, Shi R, He M, Feng S, Lu L, Cai C, Fang F, Zhang X, Liu Y, Gao B. Inhibition of macrophages inflammasome activation via autophagic degradation of HMGB1 by EGCG ameliorates HBV-induced liver injury and fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147379. [PMID: 37122751 PMCID: PMC10140519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver fibrosis is a reversible wound-healing response that can lead to end-stage liver diseases without effective treatment, in which HBV infection is a major cause. However, the underlying mechanisms for the development of HBV-induced fibrosis remains elusive, and efficacious therapies for this disease are still lacking. In present investigation, we investigated the effect and mechanism of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on HBV-induced liver injury and fibrosis. Methods The effect of EGCG on liver fibrosis was examined in a recombinant cccDNA (rcccDNA) chronic HBV mouse model by immunohistochemical staining, Sirius red and Masson's trichrome staining. The functional relevance between high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and inflammasome activation and the role of EGCG in it were analyzed by Western blotting. The effect of EGCG on autophagic flux was determined by Western blotting and flow cytometric analysis. Results EGCG treatment efficiently was found to alleviate HBV-induced liver injury and fibrosis in a recombinant cccDNA (rcccDNA) chronic HBV mouse model, a proven suitable research platform for HBV-induced fibrosis. Mechanistically, EGCG was revealed to repress the activation of macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome, a critical trigger of HBV-induced liver fibrosis. Further study revealed that EGCG suppressed macrophage inflammasome through downregulating the level of extracellular HMGB1. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that EGCG treatment downregulated the levels of extracellular HMGB1 through activating autophagic degradation of cytoplasmic HMGB1 in hepatocytes. Accordingly, autophagy blockade was revealed to significantly reverse EGCG-mediated inhibition on extracellular HMGB1-activated macrophage inflammasome and thus suppress the therapeutic effect of EGCG on HBV-induced liver injury and fibrosis. Conclusion EGCG ameliorates HBV-induced liver injury and fibrosis via autophagic degradation of cytoplasmic HMGB1 and the subsequent suppression of macrophage inflammasome activation. These data provided a new pathogenic mechanism for HBV-induced liver fibrosis involving the extracellular HMGB1-mediated macrophage inflammasome activation, and also suggested EGCG administration as a promising therapeutic strategy for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjing He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhao Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziteng Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Runhan Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muyang He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siheng Feng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Cai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Eighth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Department of Trauma Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Gao, ; Yi Liu, ; Xuemin Zhang,
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Gao, ; Yi Liu, ; Xuemin Zhang,
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Gao, ; Yi Liu, ; Xuemin Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
LncRNA CCAT2, involving miR-34a/TGF-β1/Smad4 signaling, regulate hepatic stellate cells proliferation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21199. [PMID: 36482069 PMCID: PMC9732356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-34a targeting on Smad4 plays important role in TGF-β1 pathway which is a dominant factor for balancing collagen production and degradation in hepatic stellate cells. TGF-β1/Smad4 regulated collagen deposition is a hallmark of hepatic fibrosis. The potential regulation on miR-34a by LncRNAs in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is still reserved to be revealed. In current study, it was hypothesized that a miR-34a interactor, lncRNA CCAT2 may regulate TGF-β1 pathway in liver fibrotic remodeling. The interaction between CCAT2 and miR-34a-5p was checked by dual luciferase assay. the effects of CCAT2 and miR-34a-5p on cell proliferation and apoptosis were verified by MTT assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry assay. Dual luciferase activity showed CCAT2 are targets of miR-34a-5p. Sh-CCAT2 transfection prohibit HSCs proliferation and induce HSCs apoptosis, also inhibited ECM protein synthesis in HSCs. Decreased miR-34a-5p enhanced HSCs proliferation, blocked HSCs apoptosis and promoted ECM protein production. miR-34a-5p inhibitor undo protective regulation of sh-CCAT2 in liver fibrosis. Furthermore, clinical investigation showed that CCAT2 and Smad4 expression level were significantly induced, while miR-34a-5p was significantly decreased in HBV related liver fibrosis serum. In conclusion, activated HSCs via TGF-β1/Smad4 signaling pathway was successfully alleviated by CCAT2 inhibition through miR-34a-5p elevation.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang WS, Zhang R, Ge Y, Wang D, Hu Y, Qin X, Kan J, Liu Y. S100a16 deficiency prevents hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis via inhibiting CXCR4 expression. Metabolism 2022; 135:155271. [PMID: 35914619 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver fibrosis caused by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. To date, there has been no effective intervention means for this process. S100 proteins are calcium-binding proteins that regulate cell growth and differentiation. This study aimed to investigate whether S100A16 induces HSCs activation and participates in liver fibrosis progression. METHODS HSCs were isolated, and the relationship between S100A16 expression and HSCs activation was studied. S100a16 knockdown and transgenic mice were generated and subjected to HSCs activation and liver fibrosis stimulated by different models. Clinical samples were collected for further confirmation. Alterations in gene expression in HSCs were investigated, using transcriptome sequencing to determine the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS We observed increased S100A16 levels during HSCs activation. Genetic silencing of S100a16 prevented HSCs activation in vitro. Furthermore, S100a16 silencing exhibited obvious protective effects against HSCs activation and fibrosis progression in mice. In contrast, S100a16 transgenic mice exhibited spontaneous liver fibrosis. S100A16 was also upregulated in the HSCs of patients with fibrotic liver diseases. RNA sequencing revealed that C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (Cxcr4) gene was a crucial regulator of S100A16 induction during HSCs activation. Mechanistically, S100A16 bound to P53 to induce its degradation; this augmented CXCR4 expression to activate ERK 1/2 and AKT signaling, which then promoted HSCs activation and liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that S100a16 deficiency prevents liver fibrosis by inhibiting Cxcr4 expression. Targeting S100A16 may provide insight into the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and pave way for the design of novel clinical therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Song Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Rihua Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yaoqi Ge
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yifang Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Qin
- Department of neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jingbao Kan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ozturk A, Olson MC, Samir AE, Venkatesh SK. Liver fibrosis assessment: MR and US elastography. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:3037-3050. [PMID: 34687329 PMCID: PMC9033887 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Elastography has emerged as a preferred non-invasive imaging technique for the clinical assessment of liver fibrosis. Elastography methods provide liver stiffness measurement (LSM) as a surrogate quantitative biomarker for fibrosis burden in chronic liver disease (CLD). Elastography can be performed either with ultrasound or MRI. Currently available ultrasound-based methods include strain elastography, two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE), point shear wave elastography (pSWE), and vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE). MR Elastography (MRE) is widely available as two-dimensional gradient echo MRE (2D-GRE-MRE) technique. US-based methods provide estimated Young's modulus (eYM) and MRE provides magnitude of the complex shear modulus. MRE and ultrasound methods have proven to be accurate methods for detection of advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Other clinical applications of elastography include liver decompensation prediction, and differentiation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from simple steatosis (SS). In this review, we briefly describe the different elastography methods, discuss current clinical applications, and provide an overview of advances in the field of liver elastography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arinc Ozturk
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael C Olson
- Division of Abdominal Imaging, Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Anthony E Samir
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudhakar K Venkatesh
- Division of Abdominal Imaging, Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yan FZ, Qian H, Liu F, Ding CH, Liu SQ, Xiao MC, Chen SJ, Zhang X, Luo C, Xie WF. Inhibition of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 alleviates liver fibrosis by attenuating the activation of hepatic stellate cells in mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22489. [PMID: 35959865 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200238r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) has been reported to be involved in various diseases. The expression of PRMT1 was increased in cirrhotic livers from human patients. However, the role of PRMT1 in hepatic fibrogenesis remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the effect of PRMT1 on hepatic fibrogenesis and its underlying mechanism. We found that PRMT1 expression was significantly higher in fibrotic livers of the mice treated with thioacetamide (TAA) or 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that PRMT1 expression was augmented in both hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the fibrotic livers. Applying a selective inhibitor of PRMT1, PT1001B, significantly suppressed PRMT1 activity and mitigated liver fibrosis in mice. Hepatocyte-specific Prmt1 knockout did not affect liver fibrosis in mice. PRMT1 overexpression promoted the expression of fibrotic genes in the LX-2 cells, whereas knockdown of PRMT1 or treatment with PT1001B exhibited reversal effects, suggesting that PRMT1 plays an important role in HSC activation. Additionally, HSC-specific Prmt1 knockout attenuated HSC activation and liver fibrosis in TAA-induced fibrotic model. RNA-seq analysis revealed that Prmt1 knockout in HSCs significantly suppressed pro-inflammatory NF-κB and pro-fibrotic TGF-β signals, and also downregulated the expression of pro-fibrotic mediators in mouse livers. Moreover, treatment with PT1001B consistently inhibited hepatic inflammatory response in fibrotic model. In conclusion, PRMT1 plays a vital role in HSC activation. Inhibition of PRMT1 mitigates hepatic fibrosis by attenuating HSC activation in mice. Therefore, targeting PRMT1 could be a feasible therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhi Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Hong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Qing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Chao Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University of School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, The Center for Chemical Biology, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, The Center for Chemical Biology, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Fen Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Canesin G, Feldbrügge L, Wei G, Janovicova L, Janikova M, Csizmadia E, Ariffin J, Hedblom A, Herbert ZT, Robson SC, Celec P, Swanson KD, Nasser I, Popov YV, Wegiel B. Heme oxygenase-1 mitigates liver injury and fibrosis via modulation of LNX1/Notch1 pathway in myeloid cells. iScience 2022; 25:104983. [PMID: 36093061 PMCID: PMC9450142 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of resident macrophages (Mϕ) and hepatic stellate cells is a key event in chronic liver injury. Mice with heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1; Hmox1)-deficient Mϕ (LysM-Cre:Hmox1 flfl ) exhibit increased inflammation, periportal ductular reaction, and liver fibrosis following bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver injury and increased pericellular fibrosis in NASH model. RiboTag-based RNA-sequencing profiling of hepatic HO-1-deficient Mϕ revealed dysregulation of multiple genes involved in lipid and amino acid metabolism, regulation of oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix turnover. Among these genes, ligand of numb-protein X1 (LNX1) expression is strongly suppressed in HO-1-deficient Mϕ. Importantly, HO-1 and LNX1 were expressed by hepatic Mϕ in human biliary and nonbiliary end-stage cirrhosis. We found that Notch1 expression, a downstream target of LNX1, was increased in LysM-Cre:Hmox1 flfl mice. In HO-1-deficient Mϕ treated with heme, transient overexpression of LNX1 drives M2-like Mϕ polarization. In summary, we identified LNX1/Notch1 pathway as a downstream target of HO-1 in liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Canesin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Linda Feldbrügge
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Guangyan Wei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lubica Janovicova
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Janikova
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Juliana Ariffin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andreas Hedblom
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zachary T. Herbert
- Molecular Biology Core Facilities, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kenneth D. Swanson
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Imad Nasser
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yury V. Popov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Barbara Wegiel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ariyachet C, Chuaypen N, Kaewsapsak P, Chantaravisoot N, Jindatip D, Potikanond S, Tangkijvanich P. MicroRNA-223 Suppresses Human Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation Partly via Regulating the Actin Cytoskeleton and Alleviates Fibrosis in Organoid Models of Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169380. [PMID: 36012644 PMCID: PMC9409493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate target mRNA expression, and altered expression of miRNAs is associated with liver pathological conditions. Recent studies in animal models have shown neutrophil/myeloid-specific microRNA-223 (miR-223) as a key regulator in the development of various liver diseases including fibrosis, where hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the key player in pathogenesis. However, the precise roles of miR-223 in human HSCs and its therapeutic potential to control fibrosis remain largely unexplored. Using primary human HSCs, we demonstrated that miR-223 suppressed the fibrogenic program and cellular proliferation while promoting features of quiescent HSCs including lipid re-accumulation and retinol storage. Furthermore, induction of miR-223 in HSCs decreased cellular motility and contraction. Mechanistically, miR-223 negatively regulated expression of smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) and thus reduced cytoskeletal activity, which is known to promote amplification of fibrogenic signals. Restoration of α-SMA in miR-223-overexpressing HSCs alleviated the antifibrotic effects of miR-223. Finally, to explore the therapeutic potential of miR-233 in liver fibrosis, we generated co-cultured organoids of HSCs with Huh7 hepatoma cells and challenged them with acetaminophen (APAP) or palmitic acid (PA) to induce hepatotoxicity. We showed that ectopic expression of miR-223 in HSCs attenuated fibrogenesis in the two human organoid models of liver injury, suggesting its potential application in antifibrotic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaiyaboot Ariyachet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: or (C.A.); (P.T.)
| | - Nattaya Chuaypen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Kaewsapsak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Naphat Chantaravisoot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Depicha Jindatip
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: or (C.A.); (P.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tang N, Hong F, Hao W, Yu TT, Wang GG, Li W. Riboflavin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction via the AMPK/PGC1α/HO‑1 signaling pathway and attenuates carbon tetrachloride‑induced liver fibrosis in rats. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:608. [PMID: 36160891 PMCID: PMC9468838 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a global health problem, with increasing evidence demonstrating that oxidative stress serves a pivotal role in fibrogenesis. Riboflavin is a vital nutrient in the human and animal diet, which enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and ameliorates oxidative stress. The present study evaluated the effect of riboflavin on liver fibrosis and the mechanisms underlying this process. Rats were subcutaneously injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) dissolved in sterile olive oil twice per week to induce hepatic fibrosis. The effect of riboflavin on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis was then assessed. Blood samples and liver tissues were collected and analyzed. The liver tissue morphological changes, immunohistochemical analysis, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the mitochondria, and the protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the liver were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that riboflavin treatment significantly decreased the levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase in the serum, increased SOD activity and modulated the MDA level in the mitochondria. Furthermore, riboflavin significantly inhibited the CCl4-induced, upregulated protein expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-ERK, p-p38, p-JNK, TGF-β1 and α-SMA. Moreover, riboflavin significantly increased the expression of p-AMPK, PGC-1α and HO-1 in the liver tissue. These results suggested that riboflavin delays CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis by enhancing the mitochondrial function via the AMPK/PGC-1α/HO-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Feng Hong
- Department of Physiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Experimental Center for Function Subjects, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Yu
- Department of Experimental Center for Function Subjects, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Guang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wada N, Fujita N, Ishimatsu K, Takao S, Yoshizumi T, Miyazaki Y, Oda Y, Nishie A, Ishigami K, Ushijima Y. A novel fast kilovoltage switching dual-energy computed tomography technique with deep learning: Utility for non-invasive assessments of liver fibrosis. Eur J Radiol 2022; 155:110461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
31
|
Calapod OP, Marin AM, Pantea Stoian A, Fierbinteanu-Braticevici C. Clinical Model for the Prediction of Severe Liver Fibrosis in Adult Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081829. [PMID: 36010180 PMCID: PMC9406388 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related severe liver fibrosis is associated with a higher risk of progressing to decompensated cirrhosis and hepatic failure and developing NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in populations with diabetes. Our pilot study aims to evaluate the performances of various noninvasive methods in predicting liver fibrosis in a population of patients with diabetes and to establish a new scoring system for the prediction of severe fibrosis (>F3). Materials and Methods: A total of 175 patients with diabetes were enrolled for liver fibrosis evaluation. Using the degree of agreement (concordance) between a noninvasive score based on serum biomarkers (NAFLD fibrosis score) and point shear-wave elastography (pSWE) as the reference method, we generated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and performed a multivariate analysis to predict severe liver fibrosis. Results: In our population of patients with diabetes, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), age, body mass index (BMI), the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) were significant predictors for the diagnosis of the F3/F4 group (area under the ROC: 0.767, 0.743, 0.757, 0.772, and 0.7, respectively; p < 0.005 for all). Moreover, the combined composite score (the sum of GGT, age, BMI, HOMA index, and HbA1C) had the highest diagnostic performance at a cut-off value of 3 (AUROC—0.899; p < 0001). The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were 91.20%, 79%, 79%, and 89%, respectively, and 89% of patients were correctly classified as having severe liver fibrosis. In contrast with the Fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) score and the AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), the composite score had the best accuracy in discriminating advanced fibrosis. Conclusions: The proposed composite score had a reliable and acceptable diagnostic accuracy in identifying patients with diabetes at risk of having severe fibrosis using readily available laboratory and clinical data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu Paul Calapod
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (O.P.C.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Andreea Maria Marin
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. N. C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (O.P.C.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Carmen Fierbinteanu-Braticevici
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guo R, Jia X, Ding Z, Wang G, Jiang M, Li B, Chen S, Xia B, Zhang Q, Liu J, Zheng R, Gao Z, Xie X. Loss of MLKL ameliorates liver fibrosis by inhibiting hepatocyte necroptosis and hepatic stellate cell activation. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5220-5236. [PMID: 35836819 PMCID: PMC9274737 DOI: 10.7150/thno.71400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver fibrosis affects millions of people worldwide without an effective treatment. Although multiple cell types in the liver contribute to the fibrogenic process, hepatocyte death is considered to be the trigger. Multiple forms of cell death, including necrosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, have been reported to co-exist in liver diseases. Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) is the terminal effector in necroptosis pathway. Although necroptosis has been reported to play an important role in a number of liver diseases, the function of MLKL in liver fibrosis has yet to be unraveled. Methods and Results: Here we report that MLKL level is positively correlated with a number of fibrotic markers in liver samples from both patients with liver fibrosis and animal models. Mlkl deletion in mice significantly reduces clinical symptoms of CCl4- and bile duct ligation (BDL) -induced liver injury and fibrosis. Further studies indicate that Mlkl-/- blocks liver fibrosis by reducing hepatocyte necroptosis and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. AAV8-mediated specific knockdown of Mlkl in hepatocytes remarkably alleviates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in both preventative and therapeutic ways. Conclusion: Our results show that MLKL-mediated signaling plays an important role in liver damage and fibrosis, and targeting MLKL might be an effective way to treat liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaohui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenbin Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200031, China,Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengmeng Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ruting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhaobing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China,CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,✉ Corresponding author: Dr. Xin Xie, 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Tel: (86) 186-0211-0377; Fax: 0086-21-50800721; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xu L, Yuan Y, Che Z, Tan X, Wu B, Wang C, Xu C, Xiao J. The Hepatoprotective and Hepatotoxic Roles of Sex and Sex-Related Hormones. Front Immunol 2022; 13:939631. [PMID: 35860276 PMCID: PMC9289199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.939631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most liver diseases, including acute liver injury, drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis, metabolic liver diseases, and end-stage liver diseases, are strongly linked with hormonal influences. Thus, delineating the clinical manifestation and underlying mechanisms of the “sexual dimorphism” is critical for providing hints for the prevention, management, and treatment of those diseases. Whether the sex hormones (androgen, estrogen, and progesterone) and sex-related hormones (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin) play protective or toxic roles in the liver depends on the biological sex, disease stage, precipitating factor, and even the psychiatric status. Lifestyle factors, such as obesity, alcohol drinking, and smoking, also drastically affect the involving mechanisms of those hormones in liver diseases. Hormones deliver their hepatic regulatory signals primarily via classical and non-classical receptors in different liver cell types. Exogenous sex/sex-related hormone therapy may serve as a novel strategy for metabolic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. However, the undesired hormone-induced liver injury should be carefully studied in pre-clinical models and monitored in clinical applications. This issue is particularly important for menopause females with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and transgender populations who want to receive gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). In conclusion, basic and clinical studies are warranted to depict the detailed hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic mechanisms of sex/sex-related hormones in liver disease. Prolactin holds a promising perspective in treating metabolic and advanced liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaodi Che
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhi Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengfang Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chengfang Xu, ; Jia Xiao,
| | - Jia Xiao
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chengfang Xu, ; Jia Xiao,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Elsharkawy A, Samir R, El-Kassas M. Fibrosis regression following hepatitis C antiviral therapy. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1120-1130. [PMID: 35978676 PMCID: PMC9258254 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i6.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the most common causes of liver pathology. It is a major etiological factor of continuous liver injury by triggering an uncontrolled inflammatory response, causing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Liver fibrosis is a dynamic process that can be reversible upon timely cessation of the injurious agent, which in cases of HCV is represented by the sustained virological response (SVR) following antiviral therapies. Direct-acting antiviral therapy has recently revolutionized HCV therapy and minimized complications. Liver fibrosis can be assessed with variable invasive and non-invasive methods, with certain limitations. Despite the broad validation of the diagnostic and prognostic value of non-invasive modalities of assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with HCV, the proper interpretation of liver stiffness measurement in patients after SVR remains unclear. It is also still a debate whether this regression is caused by the resolution of liver injury following treatment of HCV, rather than true fibrosis regression. Regression of liver fibrosis can possess a positive impact on patient's quality of life reducing the incidence of complications. However, fibrosis regression does not abolish the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma, which mandates regular screening of patients with advanced fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Elsharkawy
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Reham Samir
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Kassas
- Department of Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Usefulness of Noncontrast MRI-Based Radiomics Combined Clinic Biomarkers in Stratification of Liver Fibrosis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:2249447. [PMID: 35775068 PMCID: PMC9239804 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2249447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and validate a radiomic nomogram based on texture features from out-of-phase T1W images and clinical biomarkers in prediction of liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients clinically diagnosed with chronic liver fibrosis who underwent liver biopsy and noncontrast MRI were enrolled. All patients were assigned to the nonsignificant fibrosis group with fibrosis stage <2 and the significant fibrosis group with stage ≥2. Texture parameters were extracted from out-of-phase T1-weighted (T1W) images and calculated using the Artificial Intelligent Kit (AK). Boruta and LASSO regressions were used for feature selection and a multivariable logistic regression was used for construction of a combinational model integrating radiomics and clinical biomarkers. The performance of the models was assessed by using the receiver operator curve (ROC) and decision curve. RESULTS ROC analysis of the radiomics model that included the most discriminative features showed AUCs of the training and test groups were 0.80 and 0.78. A combinational model integrating RADscore and fibrosis 4 index was established. ROC analysis of the training and test groups showed good to excellent performance with AUC of 0.93 and 0.86. Decision curves showed the combinational model added more net benefit than radiomic and clinical models alone. CONCLUSIONS The study presents a combinational model that incorporates RADscore and clinical biomarkers, which is promising in classification of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
|
36
|
Niu WX, Bao YY, Zhang N, Lu ZN, Ge MX, Li YM, Li Y, Chen MH, He HW. Dehydromevalonolactone ameliorates liver fibrosis and inflammation by repressing activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105971. [PMID: 35749855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an important process in chronic liver disease and is strongly related to poor prognosis. Dehydromevalonolactone (C8) is a natural product isolated from a fungus of Fusarium sp. CPCC 401218, and its pharmacological activity has never been reported before. In this study, the potential of C8 as an anti-hepatic fibrosis agent was investigated. In human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line LX-2, C8 suppressed the increased expression of COL1A1 and α-SMA induced by TGFβ1, which indicated that C8 could repress the activation of HSCs. In bile duct ligated rats, C8 administration (100 mg/kg, i.p.) markedly attenuated liver injury, fibrosis, and inflammation, and suppressed the expression of the macrophage surface marker F4/80. In terms of mechanism, C8 treatment blocked the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which was stimulated by LPS and nigericin in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and companied by the release of active IL-1β. In addition, the activation of LX-2 cells induced by IL-1β released from BMDMs was also inhibited after C8 administration, which indicated that C8 repressed HSCs activation by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. Furthermore, C8 exhibited the effects of anti-fibrosis and inhibiting the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice. Finally, C8 can be commendably absorbed in vivo and was safe for mice at the concentration of 1000 mg/kg (p.o.). In summary, our study reveals that C8 ameliorates HSCs activation and liver fibrosis in cholestasis rats and NASH mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages, and C8 might be a safe and effective candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xiao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yun-Yang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mao-Xu Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ming-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Hong-Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The potential role of FNDC5/irisin in various liver diseases: awakening the sleeping beauties. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e23. [PMID: 35695040 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) is a transmembrane protein and the precursor of irisin, which serves as a systemic exerkine/myokine with multiple origins. Since its discovery in 2012, this hormone-like polypeptide has rapidly evolved to a component significantly involved in a gamut of metabolic dysregulations and various liver diseases. After a decade of extensive investigation on FNDC5/irisin, we are still surrounded by lots of open questions regarding its diagnostic and therapeutic values. In this review, we first concentrated on the structure-function relationship of FNDC5/irisin. Next, we comprehensively summarised the current knowledge and research findings regarding pathogenic roles/therapeutic applications of FNDC5/irisin in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fibrosis, liver injury due to multiple detrimental insults, hepatic malignancy and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Moreover, the prominent molecules involved in the underlying mechanisms and signalling pathways were highlighted. As a result, emerging evidence reveals FNDC5/irisin may act as a proxy for diagnosing liver disease pathology, a sensitive biomarker for assessing damage severity, a predisposing factor for surveilling illness progression and a treatment option with protective/preventive impact, all of which are highly dependent on disease grading and contextually pathological features.
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhou W, Dong G, Gao G, He Z, Xu J, Aziz S, Ma L, Zhao W. Evaluation of HZX-960, a novel DCN1-UBC12 interaction inhibitor, as a potential antifibrotic compound for liver fibrosis. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:309-324. [PMID: 35544948 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a very common health problem and currently lacks effective treatments. Cullin ring E3 ligases (CRLs) regulate the turnover of ~20% of mammalian cell proteins. Neddylation, the process by which NEDD8 is covalently attached to cullin proteins through sequential enzymatic reactions, is critical for the activation of CRLs and was recently found to be elevated in liver fibrosis. NEDD8-activating enzyme E1-specific inhibition led to the reduced liver damage characterized by decreased apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis. However, the relevance of a co-E3 ligase, DCN1, in liver fibrosis remains unclear. Here, a novel and potent DCN1-UBC12 interaction inhibitor HZX-960 was discovered with an IC50 value of 9.37nM, which could inhibit the neddylation of cullin3. Importantly, we identified that HZX-960 treatment could attenuate TGFβ-induced liver fibrotic responses by reducing the deposition of collagen I and α-SMA, and upregulating cellular NRF2, HO-1 and NQO1 level in two hepatic stellate cell lines. Additionally, DCN1 was shown to be unregulated in CCl4-induced mice liver tissue, and liver fibrotic signaling in mice was reduced by HZX-960. Therefore, our data demonstrated that HZX-960 possessed anti-liver fibrosis ability, and DCN1 may be a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhou
- Zhengzhou University, 12636, school of pharmacy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Oslo University Hospital, 155272, Department of Pathology, Oslo, Norway;
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Zhengzhou University, 12636, school of pharmacy, Zhnezhou, China;
| | - Ge Gao
- Zhengzhou University, 12636, school of pharmacy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China;
| | - Zhangxu He
- Zhengzhou University, 12636, school of pharmacy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China;
| | - Jiale Xu
- Zhengzhou University, 12636, school of pharmacy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China;
| | - Shireen Aziz
- Zhengzhou University, 12636, Zhengzhou, Henan, China;
| | - Liying Ma
- Zhengzhou University, 12636, school of pharmacy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China;
| | - Wen Zhao
- Zhengzhou University, 12636, school of pharmacy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hu P, Chen L, Zhong Y, Lin Y, Yu X, Hu X, Tao X, Lin S, Niu T, Chen R, Wu X, Sun J. Effects of slice thickness on CT radiomics features and models for staging liver fibrosis caused by chronic liver disease. Jpn J Radiol 2022; 40:1061-1068. [PMID: 35523919 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-022-01284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of slice thickness on CT radiomics features and models for staging liver fibrosis. METHODS A total of 108 pathologically confirmed liver fibrosis patients from a single center were retrospectively collected and divided into different groups. Both thick (5- or 7-mm) and thin slices (1.3- or 2-mm) were analyzed. A fivefold cross-validation with 100 repeats was conducted. The minimum redundancy-maximum relevance algorithm was used to reduce the radiomics features, and the top 10 ranking features were included for further analysis for each loop. The random forest was used for model establishment. The models with median AUC were selected for the assessment of the discriminative performance for both datasets. Mutual features selected by the models with AUC > 0.8 were searched and considered as the most predictive ones. RESULTS A total of 162 and 643 radiomics features with excellent reliability were selected from thick- and thin-slice datasets, respectively. The overall discriminative performance of the 500 AUCs from the thin-slice dataset was better than the thick slice. The median AUC values of the thick-sliced datasets were significantly lower than those of the thin-sliced datasets (0.78 and 0.90 for differentiating F1 vs. F2-4, 0.72 and 0.85 for differentiating F1-2 vs. F3-4, both P = 0.03). For differentiating F1-3 vs. F4, no significant difference was found (0.85 vs 0.94, P = 0.15). Six mutual predictive features across all the datasets were found. CONCLUSIONS The radiomics features extracted from thin-slice images and their corresponding models were better and more stable for staging liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liye Chen
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaoying Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yudong Lin
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310011, China
| | - Xiaojing Yu
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Hu
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinwei Tao
- Bayer HealthCare, No.399, West Haiyang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Shushen Lin
- Siemens Healthineers China, No.399, West Haiyang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianye Niu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound and Echocardiography, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jihong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tao X, Zhang R, Du R, Yu T, Yang H, Li J, Wang Y, Liu Q, Zuo S, Wang X, Lazarus M, Zhou L, Wang B, Yu Y, Shen Y. EP3 enhances adhesion and cytotoxicity of NK cells toward hepatic stellate cells in a murine liver fibrosis model. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213141. [PMID: 35420633 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells exhibit antifibrotic properties in liver fibrosis (LF) by suppressing activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) populations. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a dual role in innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we found that E-prostanoid 3 receptor (EP3) was markedly downregulated in NK cells from liver fibrosis mice and patients with liver cirrhosis. NK cell-specific deletion of EP3 aggravated hepatic fibrogenesis in mouse models of LF. Loss of EP3 selectively reduced the cytotoxicity of the CD27+CD11b+ double positive (DP) NK subset against activated HSCs. Mechanistically, deletion of EP3 impaired the adhesion and cytotoxicity of DP NK cells toward HSCs through modulation of Itga4-VCAM1 binding. EP3 upregulated Itga4 expression in NK cells through promoting Spic nuclear translocation via PKC-mediated phosphorylation of Spic at T191. Activation of EP3 by sulprostone alleviated CCL4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Thus, EP3 is required for adhesion and cytotoxicity of NK cells toward HSCs and may serve as a therapeutic target for the management of LF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ronglu Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengkai Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Lazarus
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Luo P, Liu D, Zhang Q, Yang F, Wong YK, Xia F, Zhang J, Chen J, Tian Y, Yang C, Dai L, Shen HM, Wang J. Celastrol induces ferroptosis in activated HSCs to ameliorate hepatic fibrosis via targeting peroxiredoxins and HO-1. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2300-2314. [PMID: 35646542 PMCID: PMC9136576 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death, characterized by excessive membrane lipid peroxidation in an iron- and ROS-dependent manner. Celastrol, a natural bioactive triterpenoid extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii, shows effective anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory activities in multiple hepatic diseases. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of action and the direct protein targets of celastrol in the treatment of liver fibrosis remain largely elusive. Here, we discover that celastrol exerts anti-fibrotic effects via promoting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing ferroptosis in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). By using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) in combination with bio-orthogonal click chemistry reaction and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), we show that celastrol directly binds to peroxiredoxins (PRDXs), including PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX4 and PRDX6, through the active cysteine sites, and inhibits their anti-oxidant activities. Celastrol also targets to heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and upregulates its expression in activated-HSCs. Knockdown of PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX4, PRDX6 or HO-1 in HSCs, to varying extent, elevated cellular ROS levels and induced ferroptosis. Taken together, our findings reveal the direct protein targets and molecular mechanisms via which celastrol ameliorates hepatic fibrosis, thus supporting the further development of celastrol as a promising therapeutic agent for liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Key Words
- ABPP
- ABPP, activity-based protein profiling
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Anti-oxidant
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- CETSA, cellular thermal shift assay
- COL1A1, collagen type I alpha-1
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2
- Cel-P, celastrol-probe
- Celastrol
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Ferroptosis
- GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HMGB1, high mobility group protein B1
- HO-1
- HO-1, heme oxygenase 1
- HSCs, hepatic stellate cells
- Hepatic fibrosis
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- PPARγ, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ
- PRDXs, peroxiredoxins
- Peroxiredoxin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- VDACs, voltage-dependent anion channels
- VIM, vimentin
- α-SMA, alpha smooth muscle actin
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piao Luo
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524037, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Urology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yin-Kwan Wong
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Junzhe Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jiayun Chen
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ya Tian
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- Department of Urology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Lingyun Dai
- Department of Urology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524037, China
- Department of Urology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen J, Ge SJ, Feng HJ, Wu SZ, Ji R, Huang WR, Huang W, Lu CH. KRT17 Promotes the Activation of HSCs via EMT in Liver Fibrosis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:207-218. [PMID: 35528988 PMCID: PMC9039702 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a central role in the development of liver fibrosis, the mechanism underlying the activation of HSCs remains unclear. Keratin 17 (KRT17), a member of the intermediate filament family, can regulate tumor cell proliferation and migration. The current study aimed to elucidate the role of KRT17 in the activation of HSCs and the mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis. METHODS The expression of KRT17 was determined using immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray. Western blotting and qRT-PCR assays were used to determine the KRT17 expression in fibrotic liver tissues obtained from human subjects and mice. LX-2 cells were treated with TGF-β1 recombinant protein and adipocyte differentiation mixture (MDI) mix to induce and reverse LX-2 cell activation, respectively, in order to explore the correlation between KRT17 and HSC activation. Additionally, cell proliferation and migration abilities of LX-2 cells transfected with KRT17-overexpressing plasmid or small interfering RNA were determined using CCK-8, flow cytometry, Transwell, and wound healing assays. Finally, rescue assay was used to explore the role of KRT17 in HSC activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). RESULTS The expression of KRT17 was higher in the human and mouse fibrotic liver tissues than in healthy liver tissues, and it was positively correlated with HSC activation. Upregulated KRT17 enhanced proliferation, migration, HSC activation and EMT in LX-2 cells, while knockdown of KRT17 reversed these effects. TGF-β1 recombinant protein accelerated KRT17-mediated EMT, HSC activation and proliferation, while TGF-β1 inhibitor counteracted the effect of KRT17 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS KRT17 promoted HSC activation, proliferation and EMT in hepatic fibrosis probably via TGF-β1 signaling, and KRT17 might serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Si-Jia Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hai-Juan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ran Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei-Rong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Correspondence to: Wei Huang and Cui-Hua Lu, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8471-530X (WH), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-5820 (CHL). Tel: +86-13962991839 (WH), +86-13962801685 (CHL), Fax: +86-513-8116-1826, E-mail: (WH), (CHL)
| | - Cui-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Correspondence to: Wei Huang and Cui-Hua Lu, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8471-530X (WH), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-5820 (CHL). Tel: +86-13962991839 (WH), +86-13962801685 (CHL), Fax: +86-513-8116-1826, E-mail: (WH), (CHL)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liao J, Zhang Z, Yuan Q, Luo L, Hu X. The Mouse Anxa6/miR-9-5p/Anxa2 Axis Modulates TGF-β1-induced Mouse Hepatic Stellate Cell (mHSC) Activation and CCl 4-caused Liver Fibrosis. Toxicol Lett 2022; 362:38-49. [PMID: 35483553 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease such as hepatic fibrosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and has been related to high individual risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is a central event of hepatic fibrosis progression. In this study, the up-regulation of lncRNA ANXA2P2 (mouse Anxa6) was found in liver fibrosis. Within CCl4-caused liver fibrosis murine model, Anxa6 knockdown partially ameliorated CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis and blocked the PI3K/Akt signaling activation. In TGF-β1-stimulated HSCs, Anxa6 knockdown partially inhibited TGF-β1-induced HSC activation and blocked the PI3K/Akt signaling activation. Mouse Anxa6 downstream mmu-miR-9-5p directly targeted Anxa2; Anxa6 negatively regulated mmu-miR-9-5p, and mmu-miR-9-5p negatively regulated mouse Anxa2. In TGF-β1-stimulated HSCs, miR-9-5p inhibitor promoted TGF-β1-induced HSC activation and PI3K/Akt signaling activation, whereas Anxa2 knockdown exerted opposite effects; Anxa2 knockdown significantly attenuated miR-9-5p inhibitor effects upon TGF-β1-stimulated HSCs. In conclusion, lncRNA ANXA2P2 (mouse Anxa6) expression is up-regulated in hepatic fibrosis and exerts pro-fibrotic effects on CCl4-caused liver fibrosis model mice and TGF-β1-stimulated HSCs. The mouse Anxa6/miR-9-5p/Anxa2 axis and the PI3K/Akt pathway might participate in the functions of lncRNA ANXA2P2 (mouse Anxa6) on hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinmao Liao
- Department of Hepatopathy, The Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatopathy, The Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Hepatopathy, The Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Lidan Luo
- Department of Hepatopathy, The Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Hu
- Department of Hepatopathy, The Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Seo JA. Metabolic Syndrome: A Warning Sign of Liver Fibrosis. J Obes Metab Syndr 2022; 31:1-3. [PMID: 35332113 PMCID: PMC8987450 DOI: 10.7570/jomes22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji A Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Venkatesh SK, Torbenson MS. Liver fibrosis quantification. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:1032-1052. [PMID: 35022806 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis (LF) is the wound healing response to chronic liver injury. LF is the endpoint of chronic liver disease (CLD) regardless of etiology and the single most important determinant of long-term liver-related clinical outcomes. Quantification of LF is important for staging, to evaluate response to treatment and to predict outcomes. LF is traditionally staged by liver biopsy. However, liver biopsy is invasive and suffers from sampling errors when biopsy size is inadequate; therefore, non-invasive tests (NITs) have found important roles in clinical care. NITs include simple laboratory-based serum tests, panels of serum tests, and imaging biomarkers. NITs are validated against the liver biopsy and will be used in the future for evaluation of nearly all CLDs with invasive liver biopsy reserved for some cases. Both serum tests and some imaging biomarkers such as elastography are currently used clinically as surrogate markers for LF. Several other imaging biomarkers are still considered research and awaiting clinical application in the future. As the evaluation of imaging biomarkers will likely become the norm in the future, understanding pathogenesis of LF is important. Knowledge of properties measured by imaging biomarkers and its correlation with LF is important to understand the application of NITs by abdominal radiologists. In this review, we present a brief overview of pathogenesis of LF, spatiotemporal evolution of LF in different CLD, and severity assessment with liver biopsy. This will be followed by a brief discussion on properties measured by imaging biomarkers and their relationship to the LF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar K Venkatesh
- Abdominal Imaging Division, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Michael S Torbenson
- Anatomic Pathology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Capacity of extracellular globins to reduce liver fibrosis via scavenging reactive oxygen species and promoting MMP-1 secretion. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102286. [PMID: 35334247 PMCID: PMC8956869 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the primary cell type in liver fibrosis, a significant global health care burden. Cytoglobin (CYGB), a globin family member expressed in HSCs, inhibits HSC activation and reduces collagen production. We studied the antifibrotic properties of globin family members hemoglobin (HB), myoglobin (MB), and neuroglobin (NGB) in comparison with CYGB. Approach & results We characterized the biological activities of globins in cultured human HSCs (HHSteCs) and their effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cirrhosis in mice. All globins demonstrated greater antioxidant capacity than glutathione in cell-free systems. Cellular fractionation revealed endocytosis of extracellular MB, NGB, and CYGB, but not HB; endocytosed globins localized to intracellular membranous, cytoplasmic, and cytoskeletal fractions. MB, NGB, and CYGB, but not HB, scavenged reactive oxygen species generated spontaneously or stimulated by H2O2 or transforming growth factor β1 in HHSteCs and reduced collagen 1A1 production via suppressing COL1A1 promoter activity. Disulfide bond-mutant NGB displayed decreased heme and superoxide scavenging activity and reduced collagen inhibitory capacity. RNA sequencing of MB- and NGB-treated HHSteCs revealed downregulation of extracellular matrix–encoding and fibrosis-related genes and HSC deactivation markers. Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 was observed following MB and NGB treatment, and MMP-1 knockdown partially reversed globin-mediated effects on secreted collagen. Importantly, administration of MB, NGB, and CYGB suppressed CCl4-induced mouse liver fibrosis. Conclusions These findings revealed unexpected roles for MB and NGB in deactivating HSCs and inhibiting liver fibrosis development, suggesting that globin therapy may represent a new strategy for combating fibrotic liver disease. Myoglobin, neuroglobin, and cytoglobin, but not hemoglobin:Internalize into human hepatic stellate cells via endocytosis pathway. Scavenge intracellular reactive oxidative species. Suppress COL1A1 promoter activity and promote matrix metaloproteinase-1 secretion. Suppress carbon tetrachloride-induced mouse liver fibrosis.
Collapse
|
47
|
Hur M, Park M, Moon HW, Choe WH, Lee CH. Comparison of Non-Invasive Clinical Algorithms for Liver Fibrosis in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B to Reduce the Need for Liver Biopsy: Application of Enhanced Liver Fibrosis and Mac-2 Binding Protein Glycosylation Isomer. Ann Lab Med 2022; 42:249-257. [PMID: 34635616 PMCID: PMC8548241 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.2.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-invasive clinical algorithms for the detection of liver fibrosis (LF) can reduce the need for liver biopsy (LB). We explored the implementation of two serum biomarkers, enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) and Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi), in clinical algorithms for LF in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods Two clinical algorithms were applied to 152 CHB patients: (1) transient elastography (TE) followed by biomarkers (TE/ELF and TE/M2GPGi); (2) biomarker test followed by TE (ELF/TE and M2BPGi/TE). Using the cut-off value or index for the detection of advanced LF (TE≥F3; 9.8 in ELF and 3.0 in M2BPGi), LB was expected to be performed in cases with discordant TE and biomarker results. Results In both algorithms, the expected number of LBs was lower when using M2BPGi than when using ELF (TE/ELF or ELF/TE, 13.2% [N=20]; TE/M2BPGi or M2BPGi/TE, 9.9% [N=15]), although there was no statistical difference (P=0.398). In the TE low-risk group (TE≤F2), the discordance rate was significantly lower in the TE/M2BPGi approach than in the TE/ELF approach (1.5% [2/136] vs. 11.0% [15/136], P=0.002). In the biomarker low-risk group, there was no significant difference between the ELF/TE and M2BPGi/TE approaches (3.9% [5/126] vs. 8.8% [13/147], P=0.118). Conclusions Both ELF and M2BPGi can be implemented in non-invasive clinical algorithms for assessing LF in CHB patients. Given the lowest possibility of losing advanced LF cases in the low-risk group when using the TE/M2BPGi approach, this combination seems useful in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Hur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mikyoung Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hee-Won Moon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Hyeok Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Hoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ayares G, Arab JP, Singal AK. Sending an SOS: Healing the Liver with the Bone Marrow. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:1-3. [PMID: 35233366 PMCID: PMC8845152 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ayares
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ashwani K. Singal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Division of Transplant Hepatology, Avera Transplant Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Correspondence to: Ashwani K. Singal, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Transplant Hepatologist and Chief Clinical Research Affairs, Avera McKennan University Hospital and Avera Transplant Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1207-3998. Tel: +1-605-322-8535 (O) and +1-605-322-5989 (R), Fax: +1-605-322-8536, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chowdhury AB, Mehta KJ. Liver biopsy for assessment of chronic liver diseases: a synopsis. Clin Exp Med 2022; 23:273-285. [PMID: 35192111 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The world-wide increase in chronic liver disease (CLD) calls for refinement of diagnostic and prognostic measures for early and accurate disease detection and management. Regardless of the aetiology, liver biopsy allows direct visualisation of specimen under the microscope. It facilitates histological evaluation of disease-specific morphological alterations. Thereby, it aids in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of treatment compliance/response. Indeed, with the advent of non-invasive methods, liver biopsy is used less frequently than before, but it is still considered as a gold standard for staging and grading several CLDs. This short review revisits liver biopsy. It highlights the significance of liver biopsy in evaluating CLDs and explains the commonly used Ishak, METAVIR and Batts-Ludwig scoring systems for grading and staging CLDs. The utility of liver biopsy in examining alcohol-related liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is discussed along with the disease-specific alcoholic hepatitis histology score (AHHS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS). Additionally, the review elaborates on the role of liver biopsy in evaluating viral hepatitis, haemochromatosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Contextual explanation on the diagnosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease (MAFLD) is provided. The significance and clinical indications of repeat biopsy are also explained. Lastly, caveats and limitations associated with liver biopsy are reviewed. Essentially, this review collates the application of liver biopsy in assessing various CLDs and provides succinct explanations of the core scoring systems, all under one roof. It is clinically relevant and provides a useful synopsis to budding scientists and hepato-pathologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqib B Chowdhury
- GKT School of Medical Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kosha J Mehta
- Centre for Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhou L, Li Y, Liang Q, Liu J, Liu Y. Combination therapy based on targeted nano drug co-delivery systems for liver fibrosis treatment: A review. J Drug Target 2022; 30:577-588. [PMID: 35179094 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2044485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the hallmark of liver disease and occurs prior to the stages of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Any type of liver damage or inflammation can result in fibrosis. Fibrosis does not develop overnight, but rather as a result of the long-term action of injury factors. At present, however, there are no good treatment methods or specific drugs other than removing the pathogenic factors. Drug application is still limited, which means that drugs with good performance in vitro cannot achieve good therapeutic effects in vivo, owing to various factors such as poor drug targeting, large side effects, and strong hydrophobicity. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the primary effector cells in liver fibrosis. The nano-drug delivery system is a new and safe drug delivery system that has many advantages which are widely used in the field of liver fibrosis. Drug resistance and side effects can be reduced when two or more drugs are used in combination drug delivery. Combination therapy of drugs with different targets has emerged as a novel approach to treating liver fibrosis, and the nano co-delivery system enhances the benefits of combination therapy. While nano co-delivery systems can maximize benefits while avoiding drug side effects, this is precisely the advantage of the nano co-delivery system. This review briefly described the pathogenesis and current treatment strategies, the different co-delivery systems of combination drugs in the nano delivery system, and targeting strategies for nano delivery systems on liver fibrosis therapy. Because of their superior performance, nano delivery systems and targeting drug delivery systems have received a lot of attention in the new drug delivery system. The new delivery systems offer a new pathway in the treatment of liver fibrosis, and it is believed that it can be a new treatment for fibrosis in the future. Nano co-delivery system of combination drugs and targeting strategies has proven the effectiveness of anti-fibrosis at the experimental level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyue Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiangwei Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|