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Sinha R. Stress and substance use disorders: risk, relapse, and treatment outcomes. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172883. [PMID: 39145454 PMCID: PMC11324296 DOI: 10.1172/jci172883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress has long been associated with substance misuse and substance use disorders (SUDs). The past two decades have seen a surge in research aimed at understanding the underlying mechanisms driving this association. This Review introduces a multilevel "adaptive stress response" framework, encompassing a stress baseline, acute reaction, and recovery with return-to-homeostasis phase that occurs at varying response times and across domains of analysis. It also discusses evidence showing the disruption of this adaptive stress response in the context of chronic and repeated stressors, trauma, adverse social and drug-related environments, as well as with acute and chronic drug misuse and with drug withdrawal and abstinence sequelae. Subjective, cognitive, peripheral, and neurobiological disruptions in the adaptive stress response phases and their link to inflexible, maladaptive coping; increased craving; relapse risk; and maintenance of drug intake are also presented. Finally, the prevention and treatment implications of targeting this "stress pathophysiology of addiction" are discussed, along with specific aspects that may be targeted in intervention development to rescue stress-related alterations in drug motivation and to improve SUD treatment outcomes.
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McIntosh RC, Hoshi RA, Nomi J, Goodman Z, Kornfeld S, Vidot DC. I know why the caged bird sings: Distress tolerant individuals show greater resting state connectivity between ventromedial prefrontal cortex and right amygdala as a function of higher vagal tone. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 196:112274. [PMID: 38049075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.112274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intolerance to psychological distress is associated with various forms of psychopathology, ranging from addiction to mood disturbance. The capacity to withstand aversive affective states is often explained by individual differences in cardiovagal tone as well as resting state connectivity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a region involved in the regulation of emotions and cardio-autonomic tone. However, it is unclear which brain regions involved in distress tolerance show greater resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) as a function of resting heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS One-hundred and twenty-six adults, aged 20 to 83.5 years, were selected from a lifespan cohort at the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample. Participants' distress tolerance levels were assessed based upon performance on the Behavioral Indicator of Resiliency to Distress (BIRD) task. Artifact-free resting-state functional brain scans collected during separate sessions were used. While inside the scanner, a pulse oximeter was used to record beat-to-beat intervals to derive high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV). The relationship between HF-HRV and vmPFC to whole brain functional connectivity was compared between distress tolerant (BIRD completers) and distress intolerant (BIRD non-completers). RESULTS Groups did not differ in their history of psychiatric diagnosis. Higher resting HF-HRV was associated with longer total time spent on the BIRD task for the entire sample (r = 0.255, p = 0.004). After controlling for age, gender, body mass index, head motion, and gray matter volume. Distress tolerant individuals showed greater rsFC (p < 0.005 (uncorrected), k = 20) between the vmPFC and default-mode network (DMN) hubs including posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, medial temporal lobes, and the parahippocampal cortex. As a function of higher resting HF-HRV greater vmPFC connectivity was observed with sub-threshold regions in the right amygdala and left anterior prefrontal cortex, with the former passing small volume correction, in distress tolerant versus distress intolerant individuals. CONCLUSION In a lifespan sample of community-dwelling adults, distress tolerant individuals showed greater vmPFC connectivity with anterior and posterior hubs of the DMN compared to distress intolerant individuals. As a function of greater HF-HRV, distress tolerant individuals evidenced greater vmPFC with salience and executive control network hubs. These findings are consistent with deficits in neural resource allocation within a triple network resting amongst persons exhibiting behavioral intolerance to psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C McIntosh
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami 33136, FL, United States.
| | - R A Hoshi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - J Nomi
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, 760 Westwood, CA 90095, United States
| | - Z Goodman
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami 33136, FL, United States
| | - S Kornfeld
- REHAB Basel - Klinik für Neurorehabilitation und Paraplegiologie, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D C Vidot
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, 5030 Brunson Ave, Coral Gables 33146, FL, United States
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Tomasi D, Manza P, Yan W, Shokri-Kojori E, Demiral ŞB, Yonga MV, McPherson K, Biesecker C, Dennis E, Johnson A, Zhang R, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Examining the role of dopamine in methylphenidate's effects on resting brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2314596120. [PMID: 38109535 PMCID: PMC10756194 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314596120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and global functional connectivity density (gFCD) are fMRI (Functional MRI) metrics widely used to assess resting brain function. However, their differential sensitivity to stimulant-induced dopamine (DA) increases, including the rate of DA rise and the relationship between them, have not been investigated. Here we used, simultaneous PET-fMRI to examine the association between dynamic changes in striatal DA and brain activity as assessed by ALFF and gFCD, following placebo, intravenous (IV), or oral methylphenidate (MP) administration, using a within-subject double-blind placebo-controlled design. In putamen, MP significantly reduced D2/3 receptor availability and strongly reduced ALFF and increased gFCD in the brain for IV-MP (Cohen's d > 1.6) but less so for oral-MP (Cohen's d < 0.6). Enhanced gFCD was associated with both the level and the rate of striatal DA increases, whereas decreased ALFF was only associated with the level of DA increases. These findings suggest distinct representations of neurovascular activation with ALFF and gFCD by stimulant-induced DA increases with differential sensitivity to the rate and the level of DA increases. We also observed an inverse association between gFCD and ALFF that was markedly enhanced during IV-MP, which could reflect an increased contribution from MP's vasoactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardo Tomasi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Weizheng Yan
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Şükrü Barış Demiral
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Michele-Vera Yonga
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Katherine McPherson
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Catherine Biesecker
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Evan Dennis
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Allison Johnson
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Rui Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
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Milivojevic V, Sinha R. Laboratory and Real-World Experimental Approaches to Understanding Alcohol Relapse. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37985542 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2023_456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is highly prevalent and high risk of relapse remains a significant treatment challenge. Therefore, the utility of human laboratory models of relapse to further the understanding of psychobiological mechanisms that precipitate relapse risk and allow testing of novel interventions could be of benefit in expediting the development of effective treatments to target high relapse risk. Stress is a risk factor for the development of AUD and for relapse, and furthermore, chronic alcohol use leads to adaptations in central and peripheral stress biology. Here, we review our efforts to assess the integrity of these stress pathways in individuals with alcohol use disorder and whether adaptations in these systems play a role in relapse risk. Using validated human laboratory procedures to model two of the most common situations that contribute to relapse risk, namely stress and alcohol cues, we review how such models in the laboratory can predict subsequent relapse, and how we can measure specific identified biobehavioral markers of relapse effectively and ecologically in the real world. Finally, we discuss the significant implications of these findings for the development of novel and effective interventions that target stress dysregulation and craving as risk factors to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verica Milivojevic
- Department of Psychiatry, The Yale Stress Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, The Yale Stress Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Alam N, Choudhary K. Neurochemical Effects of Methylphenidate and Modafinil in Ameliorating Stress-Induced Cognitive Deficits. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1357-1372. [PMID: 37854618 PMCID: PMC10580386 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic stressful situations result in altered monoaminergic activity of neurotransmitters, resulting in various conditions characterized by deficits in learning, memory and attention. Stimulant effects can be visualized in terms of increased cognitive abilities through enhancement of dopamine (DA) release. METHOD This study examined cognitive responses and brain DA and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) levels after prolonged methylphenidate (MPH) and modafinil administration, to demonstrate their effect on stress-induced cognitive deficits in rats. Effects on cognition were evaluated by passive avoidance and water maze tests. Furthermore brain levels of DA, homovanillic acid (HVA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 5HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection. RESULTS We found that both MPH and modafinil improved cognition in both restrained and unrestrained rats, as examined through water maze and passive avoidance tests. Furthermore, these substance were associated with increased brain DA and 5-HT levels. Notabily, we observed decrease in DOPAC and HVA levels, while 5-HIAA levels exhibited a slight increase. CONCLUSIONS The prevention of stress-induced cognitive deficits by MPH and modafinil could be elucidated through the interaction between 5HT and DA in regulating cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausheen Alam
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science
and Technology, Karachi 75300, Pakistan
| | - Kulsoom Choudhary
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science
and Technology, Karachi 75300, Pakistan
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Nieuwenhuis S, van der Mee DJ, Janssen TWP, Verstraete LLL, Meeter M, van Atteveldt NM. Growth mindset and school burnout symptoms in young adolescents: the role of vagal activity as potential mediator. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1176477. [PMID: 37519400 PMCID: PMC10374320 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1176477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiencing school burnout symptoms can have negative consequences for learning. A growth mindset, the belief that human qualities such as intelligence are malleable, has previously been correlated with fewer school burnout symptoms in late adolescents. This might be because adolescents with a stronger growth mindset show more adaptive self-regulation strategies and thereby increasing resilience against academic setbacks. Here we confirmed in a sample of 426 Dutch young adolescents (11-14 years old; 48% female) that this relationship between growth mindset and school burnout symptoms holds after controlling for other potential predictors of school burnout symptoms such as academic achievement, school track, gender, and socio-economic status. Our second aim was to increase our understanding of the mechanism underlying the relation between mindset and school burnout, by measuring physiological resilience (vagal activity, a measure of parasympathetic activity, also known as heart rate variability or HRV) in a subsample (n = 50). We did not find any relation between vagal activity and growth mindset or school burnout symptoms, nor could we establish a mediating effect of vagal activity in their relation. In conclusion, we found evidence for a potential protective effect of a growth mindset on school burnout symptoms in young adolescents, but not for physiological resilience (vagal activity) as an underlying mechanism. The protective effect of growth mindset as confirmed in our younger sample can be leveraged in interventions to prevent increasing school burnout symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smiddy Nieuwenhuis
- Section Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- LEARN! Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Denise J. van der Mee
- Section Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tieme W. P. Janssen
- Section Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- LEARN! Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leonie L. L. Verstraete
- Section Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Meeter
- LEARN! Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nienke M. van Atteveldt
- Section Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- LEARN! Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Floyd LJ, Brown K. Perceived neighborhood disorder as a moderator of the relationship between marijuana use and disinhibition in a sample of emerging adult African American females. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37270673 PMCID: PMC10694336 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2195691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Disinhibition is associated with myriad risk-taking behaviors and adverse outcomes. Both marijuana use and poor neighborhood conditions have been associated with disinhibition. However, the extent to which neighborhood disorder interacts with marijuana use to influence disinhibition has not been studied, extensively. A better understanding of these relationships has implications for designing more effective tailored place-based interventions that aim to reduce risk taking behaviors and related adverse social and health outcomes associated with marijuana use. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the interactive effects of perceived neighborhood disorder and marijuana use on disinhibition. The sample included 120 African American female residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods (Mage = 23.6 ± 3.46). We employed hierarchical linear regression analysis to examine the interactive effects of marijuana use and perceived neighborhood disorder on disinhibition, while controlling for age and education. The interaction term was marginally significant (b = 5.66; t(109) = 1.72, p = .08). Next, the conditional effects were explored. Results indicated the association of marijuana use with disinhibition was stronger for females in the higher neighborhood disorder group, compared to those in the lower neighborhood disorder group (10.40 and 4.51, respectively). Our findings support the need for more research on the potential of neighborhood disorder to amplify the effects of marijuana use on disinhibition and related neurobehavioral traits. The identification of contextual moderators and high-risk sub-groups will aid in the design of more tailored place-based interventions that aim to reduce risk-taking behavior among those most vulnerable.
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Opitz A, Petasch MS, Klappauf R, Kirschgens J, Hinz J, Dittmann L, Dathe AS, Quednow BB, Beste C, Stock AK. Does chronic use of amphetamine-type stimulants impair interference control? - A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105020. [PMID: 36581170 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.105020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In substance use and addiction, inhibitory control is key to ignoring triggers, withstanding craving and maintaining abstinence. In amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) users, most research focused on behavioral inhibition, but largely neglected the equally important subdomain of cognitive interference control. Given its crucial role in managing consumption, we investigated the relationship between interference control and chronic ATS use in adults. A database search (Pubmed & Web of Science) and relevant reviews were used to identify eligible studies. Effect sizes were estimated with random effects models. Subgroup, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses explored heterogeneity in effect sizes. We identified 61 studies (53 datasets) assessing interference control in 1873 ATS users and 1905 controls. Findings revealed robust small effect sizes for ATS-related deficits in interference control, which were mainly seen in methamphetamine, as compared to MDMA users. The differential effects are likely due to tolerance-induced dopaminergic deficiencies (presumably most pronounced in methamphetamine users). Similarities between different ATS could be due to noradrenergic deficiencies; but elucidating their functional role in ATS users requires further/more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Opitz
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Miriam-Sophie Petasch
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Regine Klappauf
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Josephine Kirschgens
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Julian Hinz
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Lena Dittmann
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anthea S Dathe
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland; Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, School of Science, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Li R, Kajanoja J, Tuulari JJ, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Karukivi M. Relationships between alexithymia and food addiction: The Finnish version of Yale Food Addiction Scale and preliminary test of its psychometric properties. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1067872. [PMID: 36743252 PMCID: PMC9893275 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1067872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has long been suggested that addictive behaviors are associated with alexithymia, a personality trait characterized by difficulties in emotional awareness and expression. However, little is known about the role of alexithymia in food addiction. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and food addiction. As part of the study, the validity of the Finnish version of Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS-F) was also investigated. Methods The sample consisted of 360 parents from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. The structural validity of the YFAS-F was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to explore the structure when proposed models were not supported by CFA. The associations of alexithymia as measured by the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and food addiction were examined using regression analyses followed by structural equation modeling. Results Higher alexithymia was associated with more food addiction by conducting linear regression analysis (B = 0.013, p = 0.011) and structural equation modeling (β = 0.24, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a single-factor model for the 8 criteria of the YFAS-F was supported by CFA and showed acceptable internal reliability (KR-20 = 0.72), and a three-factor solution for the 20 items of the scale was suggested by EFA with good internal reliability (McDonald's ω = 0.91 for the YFAS-F, 0.91 for component 1, 0.87 for component 2, and Spearman-Brown coefficient = 0.89 for component 3). Conclusion The current study determined a significant relationship between alexithymia and food addiction, which suggests alexithymia as a relevant factor for food addiction and may provide clinical implications for interventions. Moreover, the YFAS-F appeared to be a valid and reliable tool to evaluate food addiction in our Finnish general population sample. Further studies on the psychometric properties of the YFAS-F in more diverse populations are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,*Correspondence: Ru Li, ✉
| | - Jani Kajanoja
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Satakunta Hospital District, Pori, Finland
| | - Jetro J. Tuulari
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology, TCSMT, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Center for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Center for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Max Karukivi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Urban MM, Stingl MR, Meinhardt MW. Mini-review: The neurobiology of treating substance use disorders with classical psychedelics. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1156319. [PMID: 37139521 PMCID: PMC10149865 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1156319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of psychedelics to persistently treat substance use disorders is known since the 1960s. However, the biological mechanisms responsible for their therapeutic effects have not yet been fully elucidated. While it is known that serotonergic hallucinogens induce changes in gene expression and neuroplasticity, particularly in prefrontal regions, theories on how specifically this counteracts the alterations that occur in neuronal circuitry throughout the course of addiction are largely unknown. This narrative mini-review endeavors to synthesize well-established knowledge from addiction research with findings and theories regarding the neurobiological effects of psychedelics to give an overview of the potential mechanisms that underlie the treatment of substance use disorders with classical hallucinogenic compounds and point out gaps in the current understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin M. Urban
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Marvin M. Urban,
| | - Moritz R. Stingl
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Marcus W. Meinhardt
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Fang Y, Sun Y, Liu Y, Liu T, Hao W, Liao Y. Neurobiological mechanisms and related clinical treatment of addiction: a review. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2022; 2:180-189. [PMID: 38665277 PMCID: PMC10917179 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Drug addiction or substance use disorder (SUD), has been conceptualized as a three-stage (i.e. binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation/craving) recurring cycle that involves complex changes in neuroplasticity, reward, motivation, desire, stress, memory, and cognitive control, and other related brain regions and brain circuits. Neuroimaging approaches, including magnetic resonance imaging, have been key to mapping neurobiological changes correlated to complex brain regions of SUD. In this review, we highlight the neurobiological mechanisms of these three stages of addiction. The abnormal activity of the ventral tegmental, nucleus accumbens, and caudate nucleus in the binge/intoxication stage involve the reward circuit of the midbrain limbic system. The changes in the orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus emotional system in the withdrawal/negative affect stage involve increases in negative emotional states, dysphoric-like effects, and stress-like responses. The dysregulation of the insula and prefrontal lobes is associated with craving in the anticipation stage. Then, we review the present treatments of SUD based on these neuroimaging findings. Finally, we conclude that SUD is a chronically relapsing disorder with complex neurobiological mechanisms and multimodal stages, of which the craving stage with high relapse rate may be the key element in treatment efficacy of SUD. Precise interventions targeting different stages of SUD and characteristics of individuals might serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehong Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Yunkai Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, 139 Renmin (M) Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, 139 Renmin (M) Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
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12
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Sepe-Forrest L, Kim DJ, Quinn PD, Bolbecker AR, Wisner KM, Hetrick WP, O'Donnell BF. Evidence of familial confounding of the association between cannabis use and cerebellar-cortical functional connectivity using a twin study. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103237. [PMID: 36451348 PMCID: PMC9668648 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar-cortical resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) has been reported to be altered in cannabis users. However, this association may be due to genetic and environmental confounding rather than a causal relationship between cannabis use and changes in rsFC. In this co-twin control study, linear mixed models were used to assess relationships between the number of lifetime cannabis uses (NLCU) and age of cannabis onset (ACO) with cerebellar-cortical rsFC. The rsFC with seven functional networks was evaluated in 147 monozygotic and 82 dizygotic twin pairs. Importantly, the use of genetically informed models in this twin sample facilitated examining whether shared genetic or environmental effects underlie crude associations between cannabis measures and connectivity. Individual-level phenotypic analyses (i.e., accounting for twin-pair non-independence) showed that individuals in the full sample with earlier ACO and higher NLCU had lower cerebellar rsFC within the VA, DA, and FP networks. Yet, there were no significant differences in cerebellar-cortical rsFC between monozygotic twins who were discordant for cannabis measures. These findings suggest shared genetic or environmental confounds contribute to associations between cannabis use and altered cerebellar-cortical rsFC, rather than unique causal impacts of cannabis use on cerebellar-cortical rsFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Sepe-Forrest
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States,Corresponding author-at: Indiana University Bloomington, Department of Psychology, Room A208A, United States.
| | - Dae-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Patrick D. Quinn
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States,Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Amanda R. Bolbecker
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Krista M. Wisner
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - William P. Hetrick
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Brian F. O'Donnell
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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13
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Abstract
Mental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, affect a significant number of the global population. Several pathophysiological pathways for these disorders have been identified, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and the immune system. In addition, life events, environmental factors, and lifestyle affect the onset, progression, and recurrence of mental health disorders. These may all overlap with periodontal and/or peri-implant disease. Mental health disorders are associated with more severe periodontal disease and, in some cases, poorer healing outcomes to nonsurgical periodontal therapy. They can result in behavior modification, such as poor oral hygiene practices, tobacco smoking, and alcohol abuse, which are also risk factors for periodontal disease and, therefore, may have a contributory effect. Stress has immunomodulatory effects regulating immune cell numbers and function, as well as proinflammatory cytokine production. Stress markers such as cortisol and catecholamines may modulate periodontal bacterial growth and the expression of virulence factors. Stress and some mental health disorders are accompanied by a low-grade chronic inflammation that may be involved in their relationship with periodontal disease and vice versa. Although the gut microbiome interacting with the central nervous system (gut-brain axis) is thought to play a significant role in mental illness, less is understood about the role of the oral microbiome. The evidence for mental health disorders on implant outcomes is lacking, but may mainly be through behaviourial changes. Through lack of compliance withoral hygiene and maintenance visits, peri-implant health can be affected. Increased smoking and risk of periodontal disease may also affect implant outcomes. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been linked with higher implant failure. They have an anabolic effect on bone, reducing turnover, which could account for the increased loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Ball
- Centre for Rural Dentistry and Oral HealthCharles Sturt UniversityOrangeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ivan Darby
- Periodontics, Melbourne Dental SchoolThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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14
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Zhu T, Becquey C, Chen Y, Lejuez CW, Li CSR, Bi J. Identifying alcohol misuse biotypes from neural connectivity markers and concurrent genetic associations. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:253. [PMID: 35710901 PMCID: PMC9203552 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use behaviors are highly heterogeneous, posing significant challenges to etiologic research of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides intermediate endophenotypes in characterizing problem alcohol use and assessing the genetic architecture of addictive behavior. We used connectivity features derived from resting state functional MRI to subtype alcohol misuse (AM) behavior. With a machine learning pipeline of feature selection, dimension reduction, clustering, and classification we identified three AM biotypes-mild, comorbid, and moderate AM biotypes (MIA, COA, and MOA)-from a Human Connectome Project (HCP) discovery sample (194 drinkers). The three groups and controls (397 non-drinkers) demonstrated significant differences in alcohol use frequency during the heaviest 12-month drinking period (MOA > MIA; COA > non-drinkers) and were distinguished by connectivity features involving the frontal, parietal, subcortical and default mode networks. Further, COA relative to MIA, MOA and controls endorsed significantly higher scores in antisocial personality. A genetic association study identified that an alcohol use and antisocial behavior related variant rs16930842 from LINC01414 was significantly associated with COA. Using a replication HCP sample (28 drinkers and 46 non-drinkers), we found that subtyping helped in classifying AM from controls (area under the curve or AUC = 0.70, P < 0.005) in comparison to classifiers without subtyping (AUC = 0.60, not significant) and successfully reproduced the genetic association. Together, the results suggest functional connectivities as important features in classifying AM subgroups and the utility of reducing the heterogeneity in connectivity features among AM subgroups in advancing the research of etiological neural markers of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Zhu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Chloe Becquey
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carl W Lejuez
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jinbo Bi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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15
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Angarita GA, Worhunsky PD, Naganawa M, Toyonaga T, Nabulsi NB, Li CSR, Esterlis I, Skosnik PD, Radhakrishnan R, Pittman B, Gueorguieva R, Potenza MN, Finnema SJ, Huang Y, Carson RE, Malison RT. Lower prefrontal cortical synaptic vesicle binding in cocaine use disorder: An exploratory 11 C-UCB-J positron emission tomography study in humans. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13123. [PMID: 34852401 PMCID: PMC8891080 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies have revealed robust and long-lasting alterations in dendritic spines in the brain following cocaine exposure. Such alterations are hypothesized to underlie enduring maladaptive behaviours observed in cocaine use disorder (CUD). The current study explored whether synaptic density is altered in CUD. Fifteen individuals with DSM-5 CUD and 15 demographically matched healthy control (HC) subjects participated in a single 11 C-UCB-J positron emission tomography scan to assess density of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A). The volume of distribution (VT ) and the plasma-free fraction-corrected form of the total volume of distribution (VT /fP ) were analysed in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsomedial and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC), lateral and medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and ventral striatum. A significant diagnostic-group-by-region interaction was observed for VT and VT /fP . Post hoc analyses revealed no differences on VT , while for VT /fP showed lower values in CUD as compared with HC subjects in the ACC (-10.9%, p = 0.02), ventromedial PFC (-9.9%, p = 0.02) and medial OFC (-9.9%, p = 0.04). Regional VT /fP values in CUD, though unrelated to measures of lifetime cocaine use, were positively correlated with the frequency of recent cocaine use (p = 0.02-0.03) and negatively correlated with cocaine abstinence (p = 0.008-0.03). These findings provide initial preliminary in vivo evidence of altered (lower) synaptic density in the PFC of humans with CUD. Cross-sectional variation in SV2A availability as a function of recent cocaine use and abstinence suggests that synaptic density may be dynamically and plastically regulated by acute cocaine, an observation that merits direct testing by studies using more definitive longitudinal designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Patrick D. Worhunsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Mika Naganawa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Nabeel B. Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Patrick D. Skosnik
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Rajiv Radhakrishnan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven CT 06520
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, 100 Great Meadow Road, Wethersfield, CT 06109
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 234 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06510
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Sjoerd J. Finnema
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Richard E. Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Robert T. Malison
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519
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16
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Reichl D, Enewoldsen N, Weisel KK, Saur S, Fuhrmann L, Lang C, Berking M, Zink M, Ahnert A, Falkai P, Kraus T, Hillemacher T, Müller FN, Lins S, Bönsch D, Kerkemeyer L, Steins-Loeber S. Lower Emotion Regulation Competencies Mediate the Association between Impulsivity and Craving during Alcohol Withdrawal Treatment. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:649-655. [PMID: 35142599 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2034878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that craving mediates the relationship between Impulsive Personality Traits (IPTs) and relapse during the treatment of an Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). To provide tailored interventions, a deeper understanding of the relation between IPTs and craving, namely mediating processes, is important. Based on previous literature, we proposed that lower emotion regulation competencies mediate the relation between attentional as well as non-planning IPTs and craving. To investigate these interrelations, we used data from the baseline assessment (n = 320) of the SmartAssistEntz project (pre-registered in the German Clinical Trials Register [DRKS00017700]). Inpatients with a primary AUD diagnosis were interviewed using standardized self-report measures (IPTs: BIS-15, emotion regulation competencies: ERSQ, craving: OCDS-G short version) during their withdrawal treatment. Indirect effects were calculated using the SPSS macro PROCESS v3.5. Attentional as well as non-planning, but not motor, IPTs were associated with craving. Emotion regulation competencies mediated the relationship between attentional as well as non-planning IPTs and craving. Given their mediating role in the present study, it is interesting to investigate if addressing emotion regulation competencies can mitigate the negative influences of attentional and non-planning IPTs. The direct effect of attentional IPTs implicates alternate mediating processes, which should also be investigated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Reichl
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Niklas Enewoldsen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Kiona K Weisel
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Saur
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Fuhrmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Klinik für Psychiatrie, Sucht, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Klinikum am Europakanal, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Catharina Lang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Berking
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mathias Zink
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Bezirksklinikum Ansbach, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Andreas Ahnert
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Sucht, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Klinikum am Europakanal, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, LMU-Klinikum, München, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Felix-N Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Lins
- Psychiatrische und Psychotherapeutische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominikus Bönsch
- Krankenhaus für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin, Bezirkskrankenhaus Lohr, Lohr am Main, Germany
| | - Linda Kerkemeyer
- inav - Institute for Applied Health Services Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich University Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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17
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Tessier S, Romo L, Zerhouni O. Impact of Advertising Campaigns Among Online Gamblers: The Role Perceptions of Social Support and Personality Traits. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:599988. [PMID: 34764890 PMCID: PMC8576387 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.599988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies on problematic gamblers have focused on how environment and personality interact in gambling behavior. The aim of this research is to investigate how social support, dimensions of personality, and advertising campaigns are associated with gambling among problematic or moderate-risk gamblers and recreational gamblers and associated with online gambling (i.e., sport and poker). Methods: One hundred nine participants (45% problematic or moderate-risk gamblers) answered an online survey including social support, five factor models of personality, typology of gamblers, and several sociodemographic variables. Results: We found that problematic and moderate-risk gamblers were significantly more sensitive to gambling advertisements compared to light players. Social support was significantly lower among online gamblers compared to offline gamblers, but no association was found between social support and type of gamblers. Problematic and moderate-risk gamblers presented lower levels of extraversion compared with recreational gamblers. Notably, when the onset of gambling is before 18 years old, participants had more chances to recall more gambling advertisements as adults. Conclusion: We propose that future longitudinal research should focus on characteristics of online gamers particularly regarding social support to understand this low level of adequacy compared to offline gamblers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Tessier
- Département de Psychologie, Clinique Psychanalyse Développement, Nanterre, France
| | - Lucia Romo
- Département de Psychologie, Clinique Psychanalyse Développement, Nanterre, France
- AP-HP (Paris Hospital), Occupational Health Unit, Poincaré University Hospital, Garches, France
| | - Oulmann Zerhouni
- Département de Psychologie, Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Nanterre, France
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18
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Remifentanil self-administration in mice promotes sex-specific prefrontal cortex dysfunction underlying deficits in cognitive flexibility. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1734-1745. [PMID: 34012018 PMCID: PMC8358018 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Opioid-based drugs are frequently used for pain management in both males and females despite the known risk of prefrontal cortex dysfunction and cognitive impairments. Although poorly understood, loss of cognitive control following chronic drug use has been linked to decreased activation of frontal cortex regions. Here, we show that self-administration of the potent opioid, remifentanil, causes a long-lasting hypoactive basal state evidenced by a decrease in ex vivo excitability that is paralleled by an increase in firing capacity of layer 5/6 pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic, but not infralimbic region of the medial prefrontal cortex. This phenomenon was observed in females after as few as 5 days and up to 25-30 days of self-administration. In contrast, pyramidal neurons in males showed increased excitability following 10-16 days of self-administration, with hypoactive states arising only following 25-30 days of self-administration. The emergence of a hypoactive, but not hyperactive basal state following remifentanil self-administration aligned with deficits in cognitive flexibility as assessed using an operant-based attentional set-shifting task. In females, the hypoactive basal state is driven by a reduction in excitatory synaptic transmission mediated by AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Alternatively, hyper- and hypoactive states in males align selectively with decreased and increased GABAB signaling, respectively. Chemogenetic compensation for this hypoactive state prior to testing restored cognitive flexibility, basal hypoactive state, and remifentanil-induced plasticity. These data define cellular and synaptic mechanisms by which opioids impair prefrontal function and cognitive control; indicating that interventions aimed at targeting opioid-induced adaptations should be tailored based on biological sex.
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19
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Formiga MB, Galdino MKC, Vasconcelos SC, Neves JWJS, Lima MDDC. Executive functions and emotion regulation in substance use disorder. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective The executive functions (EF) and emotion regulation (ER) and their relationship with the substance use disorder (SUD) were analyzed. Methods A cross-sectional design was used. The sample consisted of 130 volunteers divided into three groups: group 01 (n = 60), composed of participants who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for any type of SUD; group 02 (n = 51), with users with alcohol and/or tobacco use disorder; group 03 (n = 19), with users with multiple substance use disorder, including at least one illicit substance. Results Group 02 presented worse performance in EF and ER when compared to group 01, and showed a significant correlation between the working memory and the use of maladaptive ER. Group 03 showed great losses in EF and ER when compared to the other groups. Conclusion This study supports the idea that EF, ER and SUD are related. In addition, it was observed that people with SUD had worse performance in EF and ER when compared to people without SUD, greater damage being observed in people with SUD of polysubstances.
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20
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Schulte EM, Gearhardt AN. Attributes of the food addiction phenotype within overweight and obesity. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2043-2049. [PMID: 33128719 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have demonstrated overlapping behavioral features between substance-use disorders and food addiction, the latter of which is particularly prevalent among individuals with overweight or obesity. However, the unique attributes of food addiction as a possible phenotype within overweight and obesity are not fully understood. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited participants (n = 46) with overweight or obesity, nearly half (n = 20) of whom met the criteria for food addiction based on the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) and examined responses to self-report questionnaires that indexed behavioral characteristics relevant to addictive disorders. RESULTS Individuals with food addiction exhibited significantly higher scores on the Palatable Eating Motives Scale overall score (p < .001) and subscales for coping (p < .001) and enhancement (p < .001) of emotions, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire Emotional Eating subscale (p < .001), UPPS-P Impulsivity Scale negative urgency (p < .001) and lack of perseverance (p = .01) subscales, and the Food Craving Inventory overall score (p = .02) and subscales of cravings for sweets (p < .01) and fast food fats (p = .02). CONCLUSION Food addiction appears to represent a distinct phenotype within overweight and obesity, marked by greater emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, and cravings, which have been observed in prior studies examining features of individuals with addictive disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Schulte
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street, Suite 3032, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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21
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Gan C, Wang L, Ji M, Ma K, Sun H, Zhang K, Yuan Y. Abnormal interhemispheric resting state functional connectivity in Parkinson's disease patients with impulse control disorders. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 7:60. [PMID: 34272398 PMCID: PMC8285494 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Impulse control disorders (ICD) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) might be attributed to misestimate of rewards or the failure to curb inappropriate choices. The mechanisms underlying ICD were reported to involve the lateralization of monoamine network. Our objective was to probe the significant role of lateralization in the pathogenesis of ICD. Twenty-one PD patients with ICD (PD-ICD), thirty-three without ICD (PD-no ICD), and thirty-seven healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and performed T1-weighted, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). By applying the Voxel-mirrored Homotopic Connectivity (VMHC) and Freesurfer, we evaluated participants’ synchronicity of functional connectivity and structural changes between hemispheres. Also, tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was applied to compare fiber tracts differences. Relative to PD-no ICD group, PD-ICD group demonstrated reduced VMHC values in middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Compared to HCs, PD-ICD group mainly showed decreased VMHC values in MFG, middle and superior orbital frontal gyrus (OFG), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and caudate, which were related to reward processing and inhibitory control. The severity of impulsivity was negatively correlated with the mean VMHC values of MFG in PD-ICD group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analyses uncovered that the mean VMHC values of MFG might be a potential marker identifying PD-ICD patients. However, we found no corresponding asymmetrical alteration in cortical thickness and no significant differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). Our results provided further evidence for asymmetry of functional connectivity in mesolimbic reward and response inhibition network in ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiting Gan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kewei Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yongsheng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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22
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Reese ED, Kane LF, Paquette CE, Frohlich F, Daughters SB. Lost in Translation: the Gap Between Neurobiological Mechanisms and Psychosocial Treatment Research for Substance Use Disorders. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Zeng J, Yu S, Cao H, Su Y, Dong Z, Yang X. Neurobiological correlates of cue-reactivity in alcohol-use disorders: A voxel-wise meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:294-310. [PMID: 34171325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Altered brain responses to alcohol-associated stimuli are a neural hallmark of alcohol-use disorder (AUD) and a promising target for pharmacotherapy. However, findings in cue-reactivity based functional MRI (fMRI) studies are inconclusive. To investigate the neural substrates of cue-reactivity and their relevance to treatment outcomes, alcohol craving and relapse in AUD patients, we performed five meta-analyses using signed differential mapping software. Our meta-analysis revealed that alcohol cues evoke greater cue-reactivity than neutral cues in the mesocorticolimbic circuit and lower reactivity in the parietal and temporal regions in AUD patients. Compared to controls, AUD individuals displayed hyperactivations in the medial prefrontal cortex and anterior/middle part of the cingulate cortex. After receiving AUD treatment, AUD patients exhibited greater activations in the precentral gyrus but reduced activations in the bilateral caudate nucleus, insula, right DLPFC, and left superior frontal gyrus. No significant results were found in cue-reactivity correlates of alcohol craving and relapse. Our results implicate cue-induced abnormalities in corticostriatal-limbic circuits may underline the pathophysiology of AUD, and have translational value for treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguang Zeng
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shuxian Yu
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Hengyi Cao
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hempstead, NY, USA; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Yueyue Su
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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24
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Le TM, Wang W, Zhornitsky S, Dhingra I, Zhang S, Li CSR. Interdependent Neural Correlates of Reward and Punishment Sensitivity During Rewarded Action and Inhibition of Action. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:1662-1676. [PMID: 31667492 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging studies have distinguished the brain correlates of approach and avoidance behaviors and suggested the influence of individual differences in trait sensitivity to reward (SR) and punishment (SP) on these neural processes. Theoretical work of reinforcement sensitivity postulates that SR and SP may interdependently regulate behavior. Here, we examined the distinct and interrelated neural substrates underlying rewarded action versus inhibition of action in relation to SR and SP as evaluated by the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire. Forty-nine healthy adults performed a reward go/no-go task with approximately 2/3 go and 1/3 no-go trials. Correct go and no-go responses were rewarded and incorrect responses were penalized. The results showed that SR and SP modulated rewarded go and no-go, respectively, both by recruiting the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and left middle frontal gyrus (rACC/left MFG). Importantly, SR and SP influenced these regional activations in opposite directions, thus exhibiting an antagonistic relationship as suggested by the reinforcement sensitivity theory. Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that heightened SR contributed to higher rewarded go success rate via enhanced rACC/left MFG activity. The findings demonstrate interrelated neural correlates of SR and SP to support the diametric processes of behavioral approach and avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang M Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Isha Dhingra
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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25
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Zhuang Q, Xu L, Zhou F, Yao S, Zheng X, Zhou X, Li J, Xu X, Fu M, Li K, Vatansever D, Kendrick KM, Becker B. Segregating domain-general from emotional context-specific inhibitory control systems - ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex serve as emotion-cognition integration hubs. Neuroimage 2021; 238:118269. [PMID: 34139360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control hierarchically regulates cognitive and emotional systems in the service of adaptive goal-directed behavior across changing task demands and environments. While previous studies convergently determined the contribution of prefrontal-striatal systems to general inhibitory control, findings on the specific circuits that mediate emotional context-specific impact on inhibitory control remained inconclusive. Against this background we combined an evaluated emotional Go/No Go task with fMRI in a large cohort of subjects (N=250) to segregate brain systems and circuits that mediate domain-general from emotion-specific inhibitory control. Particularly during a positive emotional context, behavioral results showed a lower accuracy for No Go trials and a faster response time for Go trials. While the dorsal striatum and lateral frontal regions were involved in inhibitory control irrespective of emotional context, activity in the ventral striatum (VS) and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) varied as a function of emotional context. On the voxel-wise whole-brain network level, limbic and striatal systems generally exhibited highest changes in global brain connectivity during inhibitory control, while global brain connectivity of the left mOFC was less decreased during emotional contexts. Functional connectivity analyses moreover revealed that negative coupling between the VS with inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)/insula and mOFC varied as a function of emotional context. Together these findings indicate separable domain- general as well as emotional context-specific inhibitory brain systems which specifically encompass the VS and its connections with frontal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhuang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxia Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinqi Zhou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialin Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Meina Fu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Keshuang Li
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deniz Vatansever
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Distinct patterns of prefrontal cortical disengagement during inhibitory control in addiction: A meta-analysis based on population characteristics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:255-269. [PMID: 33933507 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prefrontal cortical dysfunctions underlying inhibitory control deficits in addiction are complex and likely dependent on population characteristics. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine alterations in brain activations during response inhibition in addicted individuals. We characterized imaging findings based on substance use status, diagnosis, substance classes, and task performance. Results revealed in those with active drug addiction hypoactivation of the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), compared with healthy controls. Weakening of the dACC and MFG activations was particularly pronounced in nicotine users, respectively. Impaired task performance was also associated with diminished MFG activation. In contrast, abstinent users did not exhibit any significant differences compared with healthy controls. Those with behavioral addictions were characterized by higher midcingulate cortical activation. Thus, the neural disengagement during response inhibition in active drug addiction was limited to a small number of prefrontal cortical regions and dependent on population characteristics. Finally, the evidence for potential normalization of hypofrontality following substance use cessation highlights the benefits of abstinence in restoring cerebral functions.
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Foraita M, Howell T, Bennett P. Environmental influences on development of executive functions in dogs. Anim Cogn 2021; 24:655-675. [PMID: 33611642 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-021-01489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Executive functions (EFs) are a set of cognitive processes used for effortful self-regulation of behaviour. They include inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility and, in some models, attention. In humans, socioeconomic factors and life experiences shape development of EFs. Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) must often regulate their behaviour in the human environment (e.g. no jumping up on humans or chasing cats), and life experiences also probably influence the development of EFs in dogs. Research into dog cognition and behaviour has been thriving, and some methods used to explore these concepts (e.g. object-choice task, questionnaires measuring traits like distraction and aggression) are likely to be sensitive to differences in EFs, even if that is not their stated aim. Here we examine relevant studies to identify experiential factors which may influence the development of EFs in dogs living in human care. These are early experience, training, housing and stress. We conclude that the development of dogs' EFs may be negatively affected by hardships, and positively by surmountable challenges, early in life. Training methods appear important, with punishment-based methods leading to poorer dog EFs. Kennel environments seem to affect dog EFs negatively. While mild stressors might enhance the development of EFs, too much stress seems to have negative effects. Regulation of behaviour, a key outcome of EFs, is crucial for dogs' integration into human society. We should, therefore, strive to better understand how the environment shapes dogs' EFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Foraita
- Anthrozoology Research Group, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Tiffani Howell
- Anthrozoology Research Group, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pauleen Bennett
- Anthrozoology Research Group, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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28
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Zhong J, Wu H, Wu F, He H, Zhang Z, Huang J, Cao P, Fan N. Cortical Thickness Changes in Chronic Ketamine Users. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:645471. [PMID: 33841212 PMCID: PMC8026883 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.645471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have examined the effects of long-term ketamine use on gray matter volume. But it is unclear whether chronic ketamine use alters cortical thickness and whether cortical thickness changes in chronic ketamine users are associated with cognitive deficits observed in chronic ketamine users. Methods: Here, 28 chronic ketamine users and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Cortical morphometry based on Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12) was used to measure cortical thickness. Cognitive performance was measured by MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Two-sample t-test was used to assess differences in cortical thickness and cognitive performance between the two groups. Partial correlation analysis was used for assessing correlations between cortical thickness changes and clinical characteristics, cognitive performance in chronic ketamine users. Results: Chronic ketamine users exhibited significantly reduced cortical thickness in frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes compared to HC [false discovery rate (FDR) corrected at p < 0.05]. In chronic ketamine users, the average quantity (g) of ketamine use/day was negatively correlated with cortical thickness in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), right caudal middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and right paracentral lobule. The frequency of ketamine use (days per week) was negatively correlated with cortical thickness in the left isthmus cingulate cortex. Duration of ketamine use (month) was negatively correlated with cortical thickness in the left precentral gyrus. The chronic ketamine users showed significantly poorer cognitive performance on the working memory (P = 0.009), visual learning (P = 0.009), speed of processing (P < 0.000), and Matrics composite (P = 0.01). There was no correlation between scores of domains of MCCB and reduced cortical thickness. Conclusion: The present study observed reduced cortical thickness in multiple brain areas, especially in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in chronic ketamine users. Dose, frequency, and duration of ketamine use was negatively correlated with cortical thickness of some brain areas. Our results suggest that chronic ketamine use may lead to a decrease of cortical thickness. But the present study did not observe any correlation between reduced cortical thickness and decreased cognitive performance in chronic ketamine users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhong
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huawang Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo He
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Penghui Cao
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ni Fan
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Tseng HH, Chang HH, Wei SY, Lu TH, Hsieh YT, Yang YK, Chen PS. Peripheral inflammation is associated with dysfunctional corticostriatal circuitry and executive dysfunction in bipolar disorder patients. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:695-702. [PMID: 32950621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) has been linked to abnormal frontal and striatal function, and elevated inflammatory responses. However, the impact of peripheral inflammation on the corticostriatal functional connectivity (FC) remains obscure in BD. The current study aimed to explore the association between peripheral inflammation and corticostriatal connectivity in euthymic BD. We recruited 25 euthymic BD patients and 43 healthy controls (HCs) from the community. Resting state functional images were obtained using 3T magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and striatal seed-based whole-brain functional connectivity analyses were performed, with the fasting plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level entered as a regressor of interest. The participants also completed the Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test (WCST) and the Continuous Performance Test (CPT). The euthymic BD group had a similar hs-CRP level to the HC group, but a significantly poorer cognitive performance. Compared with the HC group, a higher connectivity between the right dorsal caudal putamen (dcP) and the ventral lateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) in the BD group was significantly correlated with a higher hs-CRP level. Stronger dcP-vlPFC connectivity was correlated with a lower CPT unmasked d' in the BD group. BD patients might be particularly sensitive to the effects of inflammation on corticostriatal connectivity. The potentially greater sensitivity of BD patients to peripheral inflammation may differentially modulate the cognitive and reward related corticostriatal circuitry, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of cognitive-affective dysregulation in the euthymic state. Anti-inflammatory or other circuit-specific treatment is warranted for individualized treatment in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui Hua Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Yuh Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hua Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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30
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Yang X, Meng YJ, Tao YJ, Deng RH, Wang HY, Li XJ, Wei W, Hua Y, Wang Q, Deng W, Zhao LS, Ma XH, Li ML, Xu JJ, Li J, Liu YS, Tang Z, Du XD, Coid JW, Greenshaw AJ, Li T, Guo WJ. Functional Connectivity of Nucleus Accumbens and Medial Prefrontal Cortex With Other Brain Regions During Early-Abstinence Is Associated With Alcohol Dependence and Relapse: A Resting-Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:609458. [PMID: 33584384 PMCID: PMC7876376 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.609458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alcohol dependence (AD) is a chronic recurrent brain disease that causes a heavy disease burden worldwide, partly due to high relapse rates after detoxification. Verified biomarkers are not available for AD and its relapse, although the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) may play important roles in the mechanism of addiction. This study investigated AD- and relapse-associated functional connectivity (FC) of the NAc and mPFC with other brain regions during early abstinence. Methods: Sixty-eight hospitalized early-abstinence AD male patients and 68 age- and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-functional magnetic resonance imaging (r-fMRI). Using the NAc and mPFC as seeds, we calculated changes in FC between the seeds and other brain regions. Over a follow-up period of 6 months, patients were measured with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) scale to identify relapse outcomes (AUDIT ≥ 8). Results: Thirty-five (52.24%) of the AD patients relapsed during the follow-up period. AD displayed lower FC of the left fusiform, bilateral temporal superior and right postcentral regions with the NAc and lower FC of the right temporal inferior, bilateral temporal superior, and left cingulate anterior regions with the mPFC compared to controls. Among these FC changes, lower FC between the NAc and left fusiform, lower FC between the mPFC and left cingulate anterior cortex, and smoking status were independently associated with AD. Subjects in relapse exhibited lower FC of the right cingulate anterior cortex with NAc and of the left calcarine sulcus with mPFC compared to non-relapsed subjects; both of these reductions in FC independently predicted relapse. Additionally, FC between the mPFC and right frontal superior gyrus, as well as years of education, independently predicted relapse severity. Conclusion: This study found that values of FC between selected seeds (i.e., the NAc and the mPFC) and some other reward- and/or impulse-control-related brain regions were associated with AD and relapse; these FC values could be potential biomarkers of AD or for prediction of relapse. These findings may help to guide further research on the neurobiology of AD and other addictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jing Meng
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Jie Tao
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Hao Deng
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui-Yao Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Hua
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian-Sheng Zhao
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Ma
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming-Li Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Jun Xu
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Song Liu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Du
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jeremy W Coid
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Center for Educational and Health Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wan-Jun Guo
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Le TM, Wang W, Zhornitsky S, Dhingra I, Chen Y, Zhang S, Li CSR. The Neural Processes Interlinking Social Isolation, Social Support, and Problem Alcohol Use. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 24:333-343. [PMID: 33211853 PMCID: PMC8059487 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective feeling of social isolation, as can be measured by perceived burdensomeness (PB), is a major risk factor for alcohol misuse. Heightened PB is associated with elevated stress response and diminished cognitive control, both of which contribute to problem drinking. Here, we sought to identify the neural substrates underlying the relationship between PB and alcohol misuse. METHODS We employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected from 61 problem drinkers to characterize the functional connectivity of the hypothalamus and ventral striatum (VS) in relation to PB. We specifically examined whether the connectivities of the hypothalamus and VS were differentially influenced by PB to produce contrasting effects on alcohol use. Finally, we evaluated how individual differences in social support modulate the inter-relationships of social isolation, neural connectivity, and the severity of problem drinking. RESULTS Whole-brain multiple regressions show a positive relationship between PB and hypothalamic connectivity with the hippocampus and an inverse pattern for VS connectivity with the middle frontal gyrus. Difference in strength between the 2 connectivities predicted the severity of problem drinking, suggesting an imbalance involving elevated hypothalamic and diminished prefrontal cortical modulation in socially isolated problem drinkers. A path analysis further revealed that the lack of social support was associated with a bias toward low prefrontal connectivity, which in turn increased PB and facilitated problem drinking. CONCLUSIONS Altered hypothalamus and VS connectivity may underlie problem drinking induced by social isolation. The current findings also highlight the important role of social support as a potential protective factor against alcohol misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang M Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Correspondence: Thang M. Le, PhD, Connecticut Mental Health Center, S105, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519-1109, USA ()
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Isha Dhingra
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Shi H, Liang Z, Chen J, Li W, Zhu J, Li Y, Ye J, Zhang J, Xue J, Liu W, Wang F, Wang W, Li Q, He X. Gray matter alteration in heroin-dependent men: An atlas-based magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 304:111150. [PMID: 32717665 PMCID: PMC8170872 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous imaging studies on heroin addiction have reported brain morphological alterations. However, the effects of heroin exposure on gray matter volume varied among different studies due to different factors such as substitution treatment or mandatory abstinence. Meanwhile, the relationship between gray matter and heroin use history remains unknown. Thirty-three male heroin-dependent (HD) individuals who are not under any substitution treatment or mandatory abstinence and 40 male healthy controls (HC) were included in this structural magnetic resonance imaging study. With an atlas-based approach, gray matter structures up to individual functional area were delineated, and the differences in their volumes between the HD and HC groups were analyzed. In addition, the relationship between gray matter volume and duration of heroin use was explored. The HD group demonstrated significantly lower cortical volume mainly in the prefrontal cortex and mesolimbic dopaminergic regions across different parcellation levels, whereas several visual and somatosensory cortical regions in the HD group had greater volume relative to the HC group at a more detailed parcellation level. The duration of heroin use was negatively correlated with the gray matter volume of prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest that heroin addiction be related to gray matter alteration and might be related to damage/maladaption of the inhibitory control, reward, visual, and somatosensory functions of the brain, although cognitive correlates are warranted in future study. In addition, the atlas-based morphology analysis is a potential tool to help researchers search biomarkers of heroin addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shi
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zifei Liang
- Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongbin Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianjun Ye
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiangyang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiuhua Xue
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Xiaohai He
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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Bio-Behavioral Indices of Emotion Regulation: Potential Targets for Treatment in Addiction. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wei L, Han X, Yu X, Sun Y, Ding M, Du Y, Jiang W, Zhou Y, Wang H. Brain controllability and morphometry similarity of internet gaming addiction. Methods 2020; 192:93-102. [PMID: 32791337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet gaming addiction (IGD) is a common disease in teenagers which usually reflects the abnormalities in brain function or structure. Several computational models have been applied to investigate the characteristic of IGD brain networks, for instance, the conception of brain controllability. The primary objective of this study was to explore the relationship between brain controllability and IGD related clinical behaviour. A sample of 101 subjects, including 49 IGD patients and 52 normal controls, were recruited to undergo MR T1 and DTI scanning. Specifically, the MR images were used to generate the white matter connectivity matrix and the morphometry similarity network. The morphometry similarity network was then divided into several communities using modular decomposition. After, average controllability, modal controllability and synchronizability were calculated through measuring the adjacency matrix. The results indicated that the IGD group had greater synchronizability and modal controllability compared to that of the control group, and different morphological-based brain communities had different controllability properties. Furthermore, the addiction demonstrated the mediating effects between nodal or modular brain controllability as well as anxiety. In conclusion, brain controllability could be a potential biomarker of IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuchen Yu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Sun
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yasong Du
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Jiang
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China; Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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35
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Floyd LJ. Perceived neighborhood disorder and frequency of marijuana use among emerging adult African American females. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2020; 21:570-584. [PMID: 32697628 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1793862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Emerging adult African American females are at increased risk for cannabis use disorders. Ecological models suggest that African Americans' increased risk for substance use disorders and associated adverse outcomes may result from chronic exposure to contextual disadvantages, such as living in economically deprived and disorganized communities. However levels of vulnerability for developing cannabis use disorders vary, even among residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods. Therefore, studies focused on within group differences are necessary. This study examined the relationship between frequency of marijuana use and perceived neighborhood disorder. The sample included 117 African American emerging adult females (Mage = 23.6 ± 3.4). After providing informed consent, participants completed a semi-structured interview that included the Neighborhood Environment Scale and a self-report measure of marijuana use. Additionally, participants provided a urine sample that was tested for the presence of psychoactive drugs. 46% tested positive for marijuana and 45% reported using marijuana in the past 30 days. 27% reported frequent/heavy use. Results from multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated a significant relationship between perceived neighborhood disorder and heavy marijuana use (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI = 1.06 - 10.29). Findings suggest African American emerging adult female residents of economically disadvantaged neighborhoods who appraise their environments as disorganized may be at heighten risk for problematic marijuana use and should be targeted for intervention. Moreover, the findings support the need for multi-systems interventions. As policy makers consider the legalization of marijuana, it is important that differences in marijuana use behaviors and negative outcomes across groups and contexts are taken into consideration.
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Park SM, Lee JY, Choi AR, Kim BM, Chung SJ, Park M, Kim IY, Park J, Choi J, Hong SJ, Choi J. Maladaptive neurovisceral interactions in patients with Internet gaming disorder: A study of heart rate variability and functional neural connectivity using the graph theory approach. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12805. [PMID: 31297935 PMCID: PMC7317587 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to represent the regulatory adaptive system and is a proxy for neurovisceral integration. Consistent with the view that, like other addictions, Internet gaming disorder (IGD) involves disrupted regulatory function, the present study hypothesized that IGD patients would show (a) decreased HRV, (b) ineffective functional neural connectivity, and (c) differential patterns of association between HRV and functional neural connectivity relative to healthy controls (HCs). The present study included 111 young adults (53 IGD patients and 58 age‐ and sex‐matched HCs) who underwent simultaneous recordings with an electrocardiogram and electroencephalogram during a resting state. Heart rate (HR), HRV, and functional neural connectivity were calculated using the graph theory approach. Compared with the HCs, the IGD patients exhibited elevated HR and decreased HRV based on the high frequency (HF), which reflects suppression of parasympathetic and/or vagal tone. The IGD patients also exhibited a heightened theta band characteristic path length (CPL) compared with HCs, indicating decreased efficacy of the functional network. Furthermore, IGD patients exhibited negative correlations between the standard deviation of the normal‐to‐normal interval index (SDNNi) and theta and delta CPL values, which were not observed in HCs. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that IGD patients might have maladaptive brain‐body integration features involving disruptions of the autonomic nervous system and brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Mi Park
- Department of Psychiatry SMG‐SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul South Korea
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry SMG‐SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul South Korea
| | - A Ruem Choi
- Department of Psychiatry SMG‐SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul South Korea
| | - Bo Mi Kim
- Department of Psychiatry SMG‐SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul South Korea
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Psychiatry SMG‐SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul South Korea
| | - Minkyung Park
- Department of Psychiatry SMG‐SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul South Korea
| | - In Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Hanyang University Seoul South Korea
| | - Jinsick Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Hanyang University Seoul South Korea
| | - Jeongbong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Hanyang University Seoul South Korea
| | - Sung Jun Hong
- Medical Device Development Center Osong Medical Innovation Foundation Cheongju South Korea
| | - Jung‐Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry SMG‐SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
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Risky decision-making in individuals with substance use disorder: A meta-analysis and meta-regression review. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1893-1908. [PMID: 32363438 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review aims to identify whether risky decision-making is increased in substance users, and the impact of substance type, polysubstance use status, abstinence period, and treatment status on risky decision-making. METHODS A literature search with no date restrictions was conducted to identify case-control studies or cross-sectional studies that used behavioral tasks to measure risky decision-making in substance users. A random-effects model was performed. GRADE criteria was used to assess the quality of evidence. RESULTS 52 studies were enrolled. The result showed that the difference in risky decision-making performance between user groups and control groups was significant (SMD = - 0.590; 95%CI = - 0.849 to - 0.330; p < 0.001; I2 = 93.4%; Pheterogeneity < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that users in the subgroups of alcohol (p < 0.001), tobacco (p < 0.01), cocaine (p < 0.001), opioid (p < 0.001), mixed group (p < 0.01), adult users (p < 0.001), small sample size (p < 0.001), large sample size (p < 0.01), low education (p < 0.001), high education (p < 0.001), short-abstinence period (p < 0.001), long-abstinence period (p < 0.001), without current polysubstance dependence (p < 0.001), and with treatment (p < 0.001) had increased risky decision-making when compared to the controls. On the other hand, elderly substance users with short-abstinence period showed increased risky decision-making. Moreover, current treatment status and polysubstance use may not influence the level of decision-making in substance users. CONCLUSIONS The results show that substance use is associated with impaired risky decision-making, indicating that interventions targeting risky decision-making in substance users should be developed for relapse prevention and rehabilitation.
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Szabo YZ, Breeding T, Hejl C, Guleria RS, Nelson SM, Zambrano-Vazquez L. Cortisol as a Biomarker of Alcohol Use in Combat Veterans: A Literature Review and Framework for Future Research. J Dual Diagn 2020; 16:322-335. [PMID: 32493131 PMCID: PMC7483986 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2020.1771504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Alcohol use and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are an increasing concern among veterans, particularly those from recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The study of biomarkers in alcohol use and AUD has moved to enhancing the understanding of the development and maintenance of AUDs, as well as investigating its association with clinical severity and potential predictors of treatment response. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid known as a stress hormone, has been linked with both stress and trauma, as well as increased alcohol suppression effects. Method/Results: The present review summarizes existing literature and presents suggestions for future research to evaluate whether cortisol may be a possible biomarker of alcohol use disorder risk in combat veterans. Specifically, aspects of combat deployments and high levels of PTSD, coupled with the stress of reintegration may dysregulate cortisol and increase risk to AUD. There may also be bidirectional impacts, such that alcohol is used as a coping mechanism and can dysregulate hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis functioning and cortisol. Conclusions: In the context of this framework, cortisol may serve as a biomarker for the development of AUD, as well as a biomarker of risk or relapse. This review ends with both theoretical and clinical implications, as well as directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Z Szabo
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA.,Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Tessa Breeding
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Christina Hejl
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Rakeshwar S Guleria
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Steven M Nelson
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.,Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Laura Zambrano-Vazquez
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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39
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May AC, Aupperle RL, Stewart JL. Dark Times: The Role of Negative Reinforcement in Methamphetamine Addiction. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:114. [PMID: 32256392 PMCID: PMC7090143 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine use is associated with substantial adverse outcomes including poor mental and physical health, financial difficulties, and societal costs. Despite deleterious long-term consequences associated with methamphetamine, many people use drugs for short-term reduction of unpleasant physical or emotional sensations. By removing these aversive states, drug use behaviors are negatively reinforced. Abstinence from methamphetamine can then result in a return to previous aversive emotional states linked to withdrawal and craving, often contributing to an increased likelihood for relapse. This negative reinforcement cycle is hypothesized to be a motivating and maintaining factor for addiction. Thus, this review highlights the current evidence for negative reinforcement mechanisms in methamphetamine use disorder by integrating studies of subjective experience, behavior, functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and event-related potentials and examining the efficacy of treatments targeting aspects of negative reinforcement. Overall, the literature demonstrates that individuals who use methamphetamine have diminished cognitive control and process emotions, loss of reward, and interoceptive information differently than non-using individuals. These differences are reflected in behavioral and subjective experiments as well as brain-based experiments which report significant differences in various frontal regions, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and striatum. Together, the results suggest methamphetamine users have an altered experience of negative outcomes, difficulties employing effective emotion regulation, and difficulty engaging in adaptive or goal-directed decision-making. Suggestions for future research to improve our understanding of how negative reinforcement contributes to methamphetamine addiction and to develop effective interventions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- April C. May
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Robin L. Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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40
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Zhao W, Zimmermann K, Zhou X, Zhou F, Fu M, Dernbach C, Scheele D, Weber B, Eckstein M, Hurlemann R, Kendrick KM, Becker B. Impaired cognitive performance under psychosocial stress in cannabis-dependent men is associated with attenuated precuneus activity. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2020; 45:88-97. [PMID: 31509368 PMCID: PMC7828906 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.190039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficient regulation of stress plays an important role in the escalation of substance use, addiction and relapse. Accumulating evidence suggests dysregulations in cognitive and reward-related processes and the underlying neural circuitry in cannabis dependence. However, despite the important regulatory role of the endocannabinoid system in the stress response, associations between chronic cannabis use and altered stress processing at the neural level have not been systematically examined. METHODS Against this background, the present functional MRI study examined psychosocial stress processing in cannabis-dependent men (n = 28) and matched controls (n = 23) using an established stress-induction paradigm (Montreal Imaging Stress Task) that combines computerized (adaptive) mental arithmetic challenges with social evaluative threat. RESULTS During psychosocial stress exposure, but not the no-stress condition, cannabis users demonstrated impaired performance relative to controls. In contrast, levels of experienced stress and cardiovascular stress responsivity did not differ from controls. Functional MRI data revealed that stress-induced performance deteriorations in cannabis users was accompanied by decreased precuneus activity and increased connectivity of this region with the superior frontal gyrus. LIMITATIONS Only male cannabis-dependent users were examined; the generalizability in female users remains to be determined. CONCLUSION Together, the present findings provide first evidence for exaggerated stress-induced cognitive performance deteriorations in cannabis users. The neural data suggest that deficient stress-related recruitment of the precuneus may be associated with the deterioration of performance at the behavioural level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhao
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Kaeli Zimmermann
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Xinqi Zhou
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Feng Zhou
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Meina Fu
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Christian Dernbach
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Dirk Scheele
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Bernd Weber
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Monika Eckstein
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - René Hurlemann
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Keith M. Kendrick
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Benjamin Becker
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
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Zhang Z, He W, Li Y, Zhang M, Luo W. Facilitation of Crossmodal Integration During Emotional Prediction in Methamphetamine Dependents. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 13:80. [PMID: 32038178 PMCID: PMC6989411 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (meth) can greatly damage the prefrontal cortex of the brain and trigger dysfunction of the cognitive control loop, which triggers not only drug dependence but also emotional disorders. The imbalance between the cognitive and emotional systems will lead to crossmodal emotional deficits. Until now, the negative impact of meth dependence on crossmodal emotional processing has not received attention. Therefore, the present study firstly examined the differences in crossmodal emotional processing between healthy controls and meth dependents (MADs) and then investigated the role of visual- or auditory-leading cues in the promotion of crossmodal emotional processing. Experiment 1 found that MADs made a visual-auditory integration disorder for fearful emotion, which may be related to the defects in information transmission between the auditory and auditory cortex. Experiment 2 found that MADs had a crossmodal disorder pertaining to fear under visual-leading cues, but the fearful sound improved the detection of facial emotions for MADs. Experiment 3 reconfirmed that, for MADs, A-leading cues could induce crossmodal integration immediately more easily than V-leading ones. These findings provided sufficient quantitative indicators and evidences that meth dependence was associated with crossmodal integration disorders, which in turn was associated with auditory-leading cues that enhanced the recognition ability of MADs for complex emotions (all results are available at: https://osf.io/x6rv5/). These results provided a better understanding for individuals using drugs in order to enhance the cognition for the complex crossmodal emotional integration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenbo Luo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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Chang J, Hu J, Li CSR, Yu R. Neural correlates of enhanced response inhibition in the aftermath of stress. Neuroimage 2020; 204:116212. [PMID: 31546050 PMCID: PMC7509808 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Life stress has been shown to impact cognitive functions, including inhibitory control. However, the immediate effects of acute stress on inhibitory control and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. In a behavioral pilot study (N = 30) and a within-subject functional magnetic resonance imaging study (N = 30), we examined how acute stress induced by Trier Social Stress Test influenced inhibitory control in a stop signal task. Behavioral results across two studies showed that stress consistently improved inhibitory control. Shorter stop signal reaction time (SSRT) in stress as compared with control condition was associated with stronger connectivity between the superior/middle frontal gyrus (SFG/MFG) and striatum. Dynamic causal modeling revealed distinct best models under stress and control condition, with an enhanced interaction between the SFG/MFG and the striatum after stress exposure. This research identified the SFG/MFG-striatum network as a key circuit underlying acute stress-elicited enhancement of inhibitory control in a stop signal task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Regional Finance, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Reese ED, Yi JY, McKay KG, Stein EA, Ross TJ, Daughters SB. Triple Network Resting State Connectivity Predicts Distress Tolerance and Is Associated with Cocaine Use. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122135. [PMID: 31817047 PMCID: PMC6947426 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Distress tolerance (DT), a predictor of substance use treatment retention and post-treatment relapse, is associated with task based neural activation in regions located within the salience (SN), default mode (DMN), and executive control networks (ECN). The impact of network connectivity on DT has yet to be investigated. The aim of the present study was to test within and between network resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) associations with DT, and the impact of cocaine use on this relationship. Twenty-nine adults reporting regular cocaine use (CU) and 28 matched healthy control individuals (HC), underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging followed by the completion of two counterbalanced, computerized DT tasks. Dual-regression analysis was used to derive within and between network rsFC of the SN, DMN, and lateralized (left and right) ECN. Cox proportional-hazards survival models were used to test the interactive effect of rsFC and group on DT. The association between cocaine use severity, rsFC, and DT was tested within the CU group. Lower LECN and higher DMN-SN rsFC were associated with DT impairment. Greater amount of cocaine use per using day was associated with greater DMN-SN rsFC. The findings emphasize the role of neural resource allocation within the ECN and between DMN-SN on distress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D. Reese
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; (E.D.R.); (J.Y.Y.); (K.G.M.)
| | - Jennifer Y. Yi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; (E.D.R.); (J.Y.Y.); (K.G.M.)
| | - Katlyn G. McKay
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; (E.D.R.); (J.Y.Y.); (K.G.M.)
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (E.A.S.); (T.J.R.)
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (E.A.S.); (T.J.R.)
| | - Stacey B. Daughters
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; (E.D.R.); (J.Y.Y.); (K.G.M.)
- Correspondence:
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44
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How Spirituality May Mitigate Against Stress and Related Mental Disorders: a Review and Preliminary Neurobiological Evidence. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-019-00195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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45
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Håkansson U, Watten RG, Söderström K, Øie MG. The association between executive functioning and parental stress and psychological distress is mediated by parental reflective functioning in mothers with substance use disorder. Stress Health 2019; 35:407-420. [PMID: 30977584 PMCID: PMC9328653 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Mothers with a substance use disorder (SUD) have been found to exhibit heightened experience of stress and deficits in executive functioning (EF) and in parental reflective functioning (PRF). Although experiences of stress, EF and PRF are important for caregiving capacities; no studies have explored associations between the phenomena in mothers with SUD. This study aimed to examine the association between EF (working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility) and different forms of stress (parental stress, general life stress, and psychological distress) in 43 mothers with SUD with infants. We further aimed to investigate whether PRF had a mediating function between EF and the experience of stress. The mothers completed self-report questionnaires regarding experiences of different types of stress, and we also used neuropsychological tests to assess EF and a semistructured interview to assess PRF. Results identified problems in EF were associated with higher parental stress and psychological distress but not with general life stress. Cognitive flexibility contributed uniquely to variance in parental stress, whereas working memory was a unique contributor to variance in psychological distress. PRF had a mediating function between EF and parental stress and between EF and psychological distress. Findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences in PRF when targeting EF in interventions trying to reduce the experience of parental stress and psychological distress in mothers with SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Håkansson
- Department of PsychologyInnland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Reidulf G. Watten
- Department of PsychologyInnland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Kerstin Söderström
- Department of PsychologyInnland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway,Division of Mental Health CareInnlandet Hospital TrustLillehammerNorway
| | - Merete Glenne Øie
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Research DivisionInnlandet Hospital TrustLillehammerNorway
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Gong D, Zhao H, Liang Y, Chao R, Chen L, Yang S, Yu P. Differences in cocaine- and morphine-induced cognitive impairments and serum corticosterone between C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 182:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Guex R, Hofstetter C, Domínguez-Borràs J, Méndez-Bértolo C, Sterpenich V, Spinelli L, Seeck M, Vuilleumier P. Neurophysiological evidence for early modulation of amygdala activity by emotional reappraisal. Biol Psychol 2019; 145:211-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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48
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Popa T, Morris LS, Hunt R, Deng ZD, Horovitz S, Mente K, Shitara H, Baek K, Hallett M, Voon V. Modulation of Resting Connectivity Between the Mesial Frontal Cortex and Basal Ganglia. Front Neurol 2019; 10:587. [PMID: 31275221 PMCID: PMC6593304 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mesial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and the ventral striatum are key nodes of the human mesial fronto-striatal circuit involved in decision-making and executive function and pathological disorders. Here we ask whether deep wide-field repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting the mesial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) influences resting state functional connectivity. Methods: In Study 1, we examined functional connectivity using resting state multi-echo and independent components analysis in 154 healthy subjects to characterize default connectivity in the MPFC and mid-cingulate cortex (MCC). In Study 2, we used inhibitory, 1 Hz deep rTMS with the H7-coil targeting MPFC and dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) in a separate group of 20 healthy volunteers and examined pre- and post-TMS functional connectivity using seed-based and independent components analysis. Results: In Study 1, we show that MPFC and MCC have distinct patterns of functional connectivity with MPFC-ventral striatum showing negative, whereas MCC-ventral striatum showing positive functional connectivity. Low-frequency rTMS decreased functional connectivity of MPFC and dACC with the ventral striatum. We further showed enhanced connectivity between MCC and ventral striatum. Conclusions: These findings emphasize how deep inhibitory rTMS using the H7-coil can influence underlying network functional connectivity by decreasing connectivity of the targeted MPFC regions, thus potentially enhancing response inhibition and decreasing drug-cue reactivity processes relevant to addictions. The unexpected finding of enhanced default connectivity between MCC and ventral striatum may be related to the decreased influence and connectivity between the MPFC and MCC. These findings are highly relevant to the treatment of disorders relying on the mesio-prefrontal-cingulo-striatal circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traian Popa
- Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Laurel S. Morris
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Hunt
- Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Zhi-De Deng
- Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Silvina Horovitz
- Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karin Mente
- Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hitoshi Shitara
- Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kwangyeol Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Valerie Voon
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Aging and the Combined effects of ADRA2B and CB1 deletions on Affective Working Memory. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4081. [PMID: 30858399 PMCID: PMC6411975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have found that memory for affective material is better than memory for neutral information and memory for positive material compared to negative material is better in older adults. Behavioral, neurophysiological as well as single polymorphism differences have been advanced to account for these effects. Here, we aimed to examine whether the combination of two polymorphisms (ADRA2B and CB1) in older adults influences active maintenance and manipulation of emotional information in aging working memory. We examined genotype data from 207 older adults (56 double deletion carriers, 116 single deletion carriers and 35 no deletion carriers) who performed a verbal operation span-like task with positive, negative and neutral words. We found that subjects carrying both ADRA2B and CB1 variants generally remembered a higher number of words. In addition, double carriers showed positivity effects while single carriers showed more general emotional enhancement effects, especially as strings lengthened. These findings are amongst the first to suggest a haplotype account of positivity effects in older adults’ memory.
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Inhibitory control mediates a negative relationship between body mass index and intelligence: A neurocognitive investigation. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 19:392-408. [PMID: 30725324 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-019-00695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The structure and function of the human brain is closely related to cognitive processes of the mind and physiological processes of the body, suggesting that an intricate relationship exists between cognitive health, body health, and underlying neural architecture. In the current study, morphometric differences in cortical and subcortical gray matter regions, white matter integrity, and resting-state functional connectivity was assessed to determine what combinations of neural variables best explain an interconnected behavioral relationship between body mass index (BMI), general intelligence, and specific measures of executive function. Data for 82 subjects were obtained from the Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample. Behavioral results indicated a negative relationship between BMI and intelligence, which exhibited mediation by an inhibitory measure of executive function. Neural analyses further revealed generally contrasting associations of BMI, intelligence, and executive function with cortical morphometric regions important for inhibitory control and directed attention. Moreover, BMI related to morphometric alterations in components of a frontolimbic network, namely reduced thickness in the anterior cingulate cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, whereas intelligence and inhibitory control primarily related to increased thickness and volume in parietal regions, as well as significantly increased across-network connectivity of visual and default mode resting-state networks. These results propose that medial prefrontal structure and interconnected frontolimbic and frontoparietal networks are important to consider in the relationship between BMI, intelligence, and executive function.
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