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Huber C, Elsaeed O, Lahmer P, Moertl S. Ionizing radiation effects on blood-derived extracellular vesicles: insights into miR-34a-5p-mediated cellular responses and biomarker potential. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:471. [PMID: 39358789 PMCID: PMC11446100 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01845-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Adverse effects of ionizing radiation on normal tissues limit the radiation dose in cancer treatment, thereby compromising treatment efficiency. Among the consistently affected non-cancer cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exhibit high radiosensitivity and have the potential to induce systemic effects. PBMC-released extracellular vesicles (EVs), contribute to the communication of such systemic effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ionizing radiation on EVs as part of the systemic response of PBMCs in terms of microRNA cargo and biological functions.Therefore, whole blood samples from healthy donors were irradiated ex-vivo (0 Gy, 1 Gy, 2 Gy, 4 Gy) and EVs from PBMCs were isolated after 96 h by PEG precipitation or ultracentrifugation. Candidate microRNAs were examined in PBMC-derived EVs from individual donors. The uptake of membrane-stained fluorescent EVs by different recipient cells was quantified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. The biological effects of increased miR-34a-5p and of total EVs on recipient cells were assessed.Irradiation of PBMCs induced a dose-dependent upregulation of miR-34a-5p within EVs and PBMCs. However, interindividual differences between donors were noticed in the extent of upregulation, and small EVs displayed more pronounced changes in microRNA levels in comparison to large EVs. Irradiation in presence of the small molecule inhibitor KU-60019 demonstrated that this upregulation is dependent on ATM (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated) activation. Moreover, fibroblasts and keratinocytes were identified as preferred EV recipients. Increased miR-34a-5p levels led to a significant reduction in viability and induction of senescence in keratinocytes but not in fibroblasts, indicating a cell type-specific response.In conclusion, this study further elucidated the complex cellular response of normal tissue after radiation exposure. It confirmed radiation-induced modifications of microRNA expression levels in EVs from PBMCs and identified a robust upregulation of miR-34a-5p in the small EV subfraction, suggesting this microRNA as a potential novel candidate for the development of biomarkers for radiation exposure. Moreover, the different uptake efficiencies observed among specific cell types suggested that EVs induce cell type-specific responses in the intercellular communication of systemic radiation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Huber
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionizing & Non-Ionizing Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Omar Elsaeed
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionizing & Non-Ionizing Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pia Lahmer
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionizing & Non-Ionizing Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Moertl
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionizing & Non-Ionizing Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Neuherberg, Germany.
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2
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Sebutsoe XM, Tsotetsi NJN, Jantjies ZE, Raphela-Choma PP, Choene MS, Motadi LR. Therapeutic Strategies in Advanced Cervical Cancer Detection, Prevention and Treatment. Onco Targets Ther 2024; 17:785-801. [PMID: 39345275 PMCID: PMC11439348 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s475132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is ranked the fourth most common cause of cancer related deaths amongst women. The situation is particularly dire in low to lower middle-income countries. It continues to affect these countries due to poor vaccine coverage and screening. Cervical cancer is mostly detected in the advanced stages leading to poor outcomes. This review focuses on the progress made to date to improve early detection and targeted therapy using both circulating RNA. Vaccine has played a major role in cervical cancer control in vaccinated young woman in mainly developed countries yet in low-income countries with challenges of 3 dose vaccination affordability, cervical cancer continues to be the second most deadly amongst women. In this review, we show the progress made in reducing cervical cancer using vaccination that in combination with other treatments that might improve survival in cervical cancer. We further show with both miRNA and siRNA that targeted therapy and specific markers might be ideal for early detection of cervical cancer in low-income countries. These markers are either upregulated or down regulated in cancer providing clue to the stage of the cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xolisiwe M Sebutsoe
- Department of Biochemistry C2 Lab, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Zodwa Edith Jantjies
- Department of Biochemistry C2 Lab, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Portia Pheladi Raphela-Choma
- Department of Biochemistry C2 Lab, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mpho S Choene
- Department of Biochemistry C2 Lab, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lesetja R Motadi
- Department of Biochemistry C2 Lab, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Saha P, Yarra SS, Arruri V, Mohan U, Kumar A. Exploring the role of miRNA in diabetic neuropathy: from diagnostics to therapeutics. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03422-y. [PMID: 39249503 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus affecting 50% of the diabetic population marred by various unmet clinical needs. There is a need to explore newer pathological mechanisms for designing futuristic regimens for the management of DN. There is a need for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to finetune different cellular mechanisms with significant biological relevance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small ncRNAs (~ 20 to 24 nucleotide length) that are known to regulate the activity of ~ 50% protein-coding genes through repression of their target mRNAs. Differential expression of these miRNAs is associated with the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy via regulating various pathways such as neuronal hyperexcitability, inflammation, axonal growth, regeneration, and oxidative stress. Of note, the circulating and extracellular vesicular miRNAs serve as potential biomarkers underscoring their diagnostic potential. Recent pieces of evidence highlight the potential of miRNAs in modulating the initiation and progression of DN and the possibility of developing miRNAs as treatment options for DN. In this review, we have elaborated on the role of different miRNAs as potential biomarkers and emphasized their druggable aspects for promising future therapies for the clinical management of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Saha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) SAS Nagar, Sec 67, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Sai Sumanjali Yarra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Vijay Arruri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Utpal Mohan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) SAS Nagar, Sec 67, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Sun X. Targeting GPR133 via miR-106a-5p inhibits the proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of glioma cells. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:991-1002. [PMID: 37036013 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2201873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor. GPR133 is a key factor in the progression of glioma. However, the role of GPR133 in glioma invasion and EMT and the microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with this pathway are still poorly understood.Objective: This study aims to elucidate the biological function of miR-106a-5p and GPR133 in glioma as well as the molecular mechanism of their interaction.Methods: The mRNA expression of miR-106a-5p and GPR133 in glioma specimens and cells was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein level of GPR133 and the levels of invasion- and EMT-related proteins were measured by western blotting. miR-106a-5p and GPR133 function in glioma cells was determined through cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), transwell, wound healing, colony formation assays in vitro and xenograft assays in vivo. To determine the targeting relationship between miR-106a-5p and GPR133, a dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted.Results: A marked reduction in miR-106a-5p expression was observed in glioma cells and specimens. Patients with high expression of miR-106a-5p had a good prognosis, while patients with high expression of GPR133 had a shorter OS. Additionally, overexpression of miR-106a-5p or downregulation of GPR133 inhibited the progression of glioma cells. Furthermore, miR-106a-5p negatively regulated GPR133 expression by binding to its 3'-UTR, and restrained the invasion, migration, proliferation and EMT of glioma cells by targeting GPR133.Conclusions: miR-106a-5p is a tumor suppressor that negatively regulates GPR133. The miR-106a-5p/GPR133 axis could potentially serve as a therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PRChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PRChina
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PRChina
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Arslan Bozdag L, Açik L, Ersoy HE, Bayir Ö, Korkmaz MH, Mollaoglu N, Gultekin SE. PDCD4 and MIR-21 are promising biomarkers in the follow-up of OED in liquid biopsies. Oral Dis 2024; 30:3873-3883. [PMID: 38098243 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
This research aims to examine the impact of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), microRNA-21 (miR-21) and microRNA-208a (miR-208a) transcripts, and protein levels on oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) development in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS The research investigation involved the collection of saliva, blood, and tissue samples from a total of 20 patients diagnosed with OSCC, 15 patients diagnosed with OED, and 15 healthy individuals. PDCD4, miR-21, and miR-208a expression was performed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). PDCD4 protein levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in both saliva and blood samples. For statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Spearmen rank test were utilised. RESULTS PDCD4 expression levels were considerably lower in patients with OSCC and OED (p < 0.05) in three biological samples. In contrast, miR-21 expression was higher in OED and OSCC patients. Patients with low PDCD4 mRNA levels and strong miR-21 expression had a significant connection (p < 0.05) with tumor size and depth. CONCLUSIONS Examining PDCD4 and miR-21 transcript levels may help detect the transition from OED to OSCC. This work suggests that PDCD4 and miR-21 expression levels in liquid biopsies may be biomarkers for OED monitoring in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leyla Açik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Erhan Ersoy
- Department of Oral, Dental, and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ömer Bayir
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, T.R. Ministry of Health Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Nur Mollaoglu
- Department of Oral, Dental, and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Elif Gultekin
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Guo S, Wang X, Wang H. Hydrogen sulfide plays an important role by regulating microRNA in different ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 229:116503. [PMID: 39179120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the short endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of the target gene at posttranscriptional level through degrading or inhibiting the specific target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). MiRNAs regulate the expression of approximately one-third of protein coding genes, and in most cases inhibit gene expression. MiRNAs have been reported to regulate various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Therefore, miRNAs participate in multiple diseases, including ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was once considered as a colorless, toxic and harmful gas with foul smelling. However, in recent years, it has been discovered that it is the third gas signaling molecule after carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO), with multiple important biological functions. Increasing evidence indicates that H2S plays a vital role in I/R injury through regulating miRNA, however, the mechanism has not been fully understood. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about the role of H2S in I/R injury by regulating miRNAs, and analyzed its mechanism in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Shiyun Guo
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
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7
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Seyhan AA. Circulating Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers in Glioblastoma: Advances and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7974. [PMID: 39063215 PMCID: PMC11277426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), represent the most prevalent and aggressive tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite recent treatment advancements, patient survival rates remain low. The diagnosis of GBM traditionally relies on neuroimaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans and postoperative confirmation via histopathological and molecular analysis. Imaging techniques struggle to differentiate between tumor progression and treatment-related changes, leading to potential misinterpretation and treatment delays. Similarly, tissue biopsies, while informative, are invasive and not suitable for monitoring ongoing treatments. These challenges have led to the emergence of liquid biopsy, particularly through blood samples, as a promising alternative for GBM diagnosis and monitoring. Presently, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling offers a minimally invasive means of obtaining tumor-related information to guide therapy. The idea that blood or any biofluid tests can be used to screen many cancer types has huge potential. Tumors release various components into the bloodstream or other biofluids, including cell-free nucleic acids such as microRNAs (miRNAs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), proteins, extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes, metabolites, and other factors. These factors have been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), presenting an opportunity for the minimally invasive monitoring of GBM as well as for the real-time assessment of distinct genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic changes associated with brain tumors. Despite their potential, the clinical utility of liquid biopsy-based circulating biomarkers is somewhat constrained by limitations such as the absence of standardized methodologies for blood or CSF collection, analyte extraction, analysis methods, and small cohort sizes. Additionally, tissue biopsies offer more precise insights into tumor morphology and the microenvironment. Therefore, the objective of a liquid biopsy should be to complement and enhance the diagnostic accuracy and monitoring of GBM patients by providing additional information alongside traditional tissue biopsies. Moreover, utilizing a combination of diverse biomarker types may enhance clinical effectiveness compared to solely relying on one biomarker category, potentially improving diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and addressing some of the existing limitations associated with liquid biomarkers for GBM. This review presents an overview of the latest research on circulating biomarkers found in GBM blood or CSF samples, discusses their potential as diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic indicators, and discusses associated challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila A. Seyhan
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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8
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Di Fiore R, Drago-Ferrante R, Suleiman S, Calleja N, Calleja-Agius J. The role of microRNA-9 in ovarian and cervical cancers: An updated overview. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2024:108546. [PMID: 39030109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2024.108546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian and cervical cancers are the two most frequent kind of gynaecological cancers (GCs). In spite of advances in prevention, screening and treatment, cervical cancer still leads to an increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Ovarian cancer is often detected at a late stage, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of available treatments. Therefore, novel methods are desperately needed to improve the clinical care of GC patients. MicroRNAs, also known as short noncoding RNAs (miRNAs/miRs), are a diverse group of RNAs with a length of 22 nucleotides. These typically cause translational repression and mRNA degradation by interacting with target mRNAs' 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR), together with other regions and gene promoters. Under certain conditions, they are also able to activate translation or regulate transcription. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs are crucial to several biological processes leading to tumorigenesis, including GCs. Recent research has shown that miR-9 affects carcinogenesis. In this review, we will provide an overview of current research on the potential utility of miR-9 in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of ovarian and cervical malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Rosa Drago-Ferrante
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta; BioDNA Laboratories, Malta Life Sciences Park, SGN, 3000, San Gwann, Malta.
| | - Sherif Suleiman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta.
| | - Neville Calleja
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta.
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD, 2080, Msida, Malta.
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Detassis S, Precazzini F, Grasso M, Del Vescovo V, Maines F, Caffo O, Campomenosi P, Denti MA. Plasma microRNA Signature as Companion Diagnostic for Abiraterone Acetate Treatment in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5573. [PMID: 38891761 PMCID: PMC11171781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Abiraterone acetate (AA) serves as a medication for managing persistent testosterone production in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, its efficacy varies among individuals; thus, the identification of biomarkers to predict and follow treatment response is required. In this pilot study, we explored the potential of circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) to stratify patients based on their responsiveness to AA. We conducted an analysis of plasma samples obtained from a cohort of 33 mCRPC patients before and after three, six, and nine months of AA treatment. Using miRNA RT-qPCR panels for candidate discovery and TaqMan RT-qPCR for validation, we identified promising miRNA signatures. Our investigation indicated that a signature based on miR-103a-3p and miR-378a-5p effectively discriminates between non-responder and responder patients, while also following the drug's efficacy over time. Additionally, through in silico analysis, we identified target genes and transcription factors of the two miRNAs, including PTEN and HOXB13, which are known to play roles in AA resistance in mCRPC. In summary, our study highlights two c-miRNAs as potential companion diagnostics of AA in mCRPC patients, offering novel insights for informed decision-making in the treatment of mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Detassis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, TN, Italy; (S.D.)
- OPTOI Srl, Via Vienna 8, 38100 Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Francesca Precazzini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, TN, Italy; (S.D.)
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Sezione di Bolzano, Via Laura Conti 4, 39100 Bolzano, BZ, Italy
| | - Margherita Grasso
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, TN, Italy; (S.D.)
- L.N.Age Srl-Link Neuroscience and Healthcare, Via Mario Savini 15, 00136 Roma, RO, Italy
| | - Valerio Del Vescovo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, TN, Italy; (S.D.)
- Kapadi Italy Srl, Corso Italia 22, 20122 Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Francesca Maines
- Division of Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie D’oro 9, 38122 Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Orazio Caffo
- Division of Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie D’oro 9, 38122 Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Paola Campomenosi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, VA, Italy
| | - Michela A. Denti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, TN, Italy; (S.D.)
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Lui A, Do T, Alzayat O, Yu N, Phyu S, Santuya HJ, Liang B, Kailash V, Liu D, Inslicht SS, Shahlaie K, Liu D. Tumor Suppressor MicroRNAs in Clinical and Preclinical Trials for Neurological Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:426. [PMID: 38675388 PMCID: PMC11054060 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancers and neurological disorders are two major types of diseases in humans. We developed the concept called the "Aberrant Cell Cycle Disease (ACCD)" due to the accumulating evidence that shows that two different diseases share the common mechanism of aberrant cell cycle re-entry. The aberrant cell cycle re-entry is manifested as kinase/oncoprotein activation and tumor suppressor (TS) inactivation, which are associated with both tumor growth in cancers and neuronal death in neurological disorders. Therefore, some cancer therapies (e.g., kinase/oncogene inhibition and TS elevation) can be leveraged for neurological treatments. MicroRNA (miR/miRNA) provides a new style of drug-target binding. For example, a single tumor suppressor miRNA (TS-miR/miRNA) can bind to and decrease tens of target kinases/oncogenes, producing much more robust efficacy to block cell cycle re-entry than inhibiting a single kinase/oncogene. In this review, we summarize the miRNAs that are altered in both cancers and neurological disorders, with an emphasis on miRNA drugs that have entered into clinical trials for neurological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Lui
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Timothy Do
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Omar Alzayat
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Nina Yu
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Su Phyu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hillary Joy Santuya
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Benjamin Liang
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Vidur Kailash
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Dewey Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Sabra S. Inslicht
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Kiarash Shahlaie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - DaZhi Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
- Mirnova Therapeutics Inc., Davis, CA 95618, USA
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11
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Zanini BM, de Avila BM, Garcia DN, Hense JD, Veiga GB, Barreto MM, Ashiqueali S, Mason JB, Yadav H, Masternak M, Schneider A. Dynamics of serum exosome microRNA profile altered by chemically induced estropause and rescued by estrogen therapy in female mice. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01129-9. [PMID: 38499957 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The decline in the ovarian reserve leads to menopause and reduced serum estrogens. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs, which can regulate gene expression and be secreted by cells and trafficked in serum via exosomes. Serum miRNAs regulate tissue function and disease development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify miRNA profiles in serum exosomes of mice induced to estropause and treated with 17β-estradiol (E2). Female mice were divided into three groups including control (CTL), injected with 4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), and injected with VCD plus E2 (VCD + E2). Estropause was confirmed by acyclicity and a significant reduction in the number of ovarian follicles (p < 0.05). Body mass gain during estropause was higher in VCD and VCD + E2 compared to CTL females (p = 0.02). Sequencing of miRNAs was performed from exosomes extracted from serum, and 402 miRNAs were detected. Eight miRNAs were differentially regulated between CTL and VCD groups, seven miRNAs regulated between CTL and VCD + E2 groups, and ten miRNAs regulated between VCD and VCD + E2 groups. Only miR-200a-3p and miR-200b-3p were up-regulated in both serum exosomes and ovarian tissue in both VCD groups, suggesting that these exosomal miRNAs could be associated with ovarian activity. In the hepatic tissue, only miR-370-3p (p = 0.02) was up-regulated in the VCD + E2 group, as observed in serum. Our results suggest that VCD-induced estropause and E2 replacement have an impact on the profile of serum exosomal miRNAs. The miR-200 family was increased in serum exosomes and ovarian tissue and may be a candidate biomarker of ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jéssica Damé Hense
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sarah Ashiqueali
- College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Mason
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Life Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, and Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michal Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Augusto Schneider
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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12
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Hollis R, Aziz M, Jacob A, Wang P. Harnessing Extracellular microRNAs for Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Acute Systemic Inflammation. Cells 2024; 13:545. [PMID: 38534389 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are small sequences of genetic materials that are primarily transcribed from the intronic regions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNAs), and they are pivotal in regulating messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. miRNAs were first discovered to regulate mRNAs of the same cell in which they were transcribed. Recent studies have unveiled their ability to traverse cells, either encapsulated in vesicles or freely bound to proteins, influencing distant recipient cells. Activities of extracellular miRNAs have been observed during acute inflammation in clinically relevant pathologies, such as sepsis, shock, trauma, and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. This review comprehensively explores the activity of miRNAs during acute inflammation as well as the mechanisms of their extracellular transport and activity. Evaluating the potential of extracellular miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in acute inflammation represents a critical aspect of this review. Finally, this review concludes with novel concepts of miRNA activity in the context of alleviating inflammation, delivering potential future directions to advance the field of miRNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Hollis
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Asha Jacob
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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13
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Ishikawa T, Sugawara K, Zhang J, Funatsu T, Okabe K. Direct observation of cytoskeleton-dependent trafficking of miRNA visualized by the introduction of pre-miRNA. iScience 2024; 27:108811. [PMID: 38303695 PMCID: PMC10831896 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) plays physiologically and pathologically important roles in post-transcriptional regulation. Although miRNA has been suggested to dynamically interact with cellular organelles, the dynamicity of intracellular miRNA behavior has remained unclear. Here, by introducing fluorescently labeled pre-miRNA into living cells, we improved the miRNA visualization method using exogenous miRNA precursors. Through the combination of our miRNA visualization method and single-molecule sensitive fluorescence microscopy, we quantitatively analyzed the process of miRNA maturation. Furthermore, single-particle tracking of fluorescent miRNA in cells revealed the directed movements of miRNA on cytoskeletal components (i.e., microtubules and actin filaments). Our results also suggest that cytoskeleton-dependent miRNA trafficking is associated with the interaction of miRNAs with the nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi apparatus. Our method should facilitate the elucidation of the mechanism and physiological significance of the subcellular localization and organelle interaction of miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinari Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ko Sugawara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Funatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kohki Okabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-8-1 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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14
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Yadav V, Jena MK, Parashar G, Parashar NC, Joshi H, Ramniwas S, Tuli HS. Emerging role of microRNAs as regulators of protein kinase C substrate MARCKS and MARCKSL1 in cancer. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113891. [PMID: 38104645 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators of gene expression, playing essential roles in diverse cellular processes, including the development and progression of cancer. Among the numerous proteins influenced by miRNAs, the MARCKS/MARCKSL1 protein, a key regulator of cellular cytoskeletal dynamics and membrane-cytosol communication, has garnered significant attention due to its multifaceted involvement in various cancer-related processes, including cell migration, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Motivated by the encouraging early clinical success of peptides targeting MARCKS in several pathological conditions, this review article delves into the intricate interplay between miRNAs and the MARCKS protein in cancer. Herein, we have highlighted the latest findings on specific miRNAs that modulate MARCKS/MARCKSL1 expression, providing a comprehensive overview of their roles in different cancer types. We have underscored the need for in-depth investigations into the therapeutic feasibility of targeting the miRNA-MARCKS axis in cancer, taking cues from the successes witnessed in related fields. Unlocking the full potential of miRNA-mediated MARCKS regulation could pave the way for innovative and effective therapeutic interventions against various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Yadav
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium; Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE 20213, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Manoj Kumar Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Parashar
- Division of Biomedical & Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391410, India
| | - Nidarshana Chaturvedi Parashar
- Department of Biosciences & Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Hemant Joshi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research & Development, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biosciences & Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
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15
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Nazri HM, Greaves E, Quenby S, Dragovic R, Tapmeier TT, Becker CM. The role of small extracellular vesicle-miRNAs in endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:2296-2311. [PMID: 37877421 PMCID: PMC10694411 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined by the presence of extrauterine endometrial-like tissue, which can cause pain and infertility in 10% of reproductive-age women. To date, the pathogenesis is poorly understood resulting in significant diagnostic delays and poor therapeutic outcomes in many women. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) (<200 nm) are cell-derived vesicles containing molecules that can influence gene expression and behaviour in target cells. One such cargo are microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short, non-coding RNAs mostly 19-25 nucleotides in length that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. This mini-review focuses on the role of sEV-miRNAs, which are conceivably better biomarkers for endometriosis than free miRNAs, which reflect the true pathophysiological state in the body, as sEV-encapsulated miRNAs are protected from degradation compared to free miRNA and provide direct cell-to-cell communication via sEV surface proteins. sEV-miRNAs have been implicated in the immunomodulation of macrophages, the proliferation, migration and invasion of endometrial cells, and angiogenesis, all hallmarks of endometriosis. The diagnostic potential of sEV-miRNA was investigated in one study that reported the sensitivity and specificity of two sEV-miRNAs (hsa-miR-22-3p and hsa-miR-320a-3p) in distinguishing endometriosis from non-endometriosis cases. Only three studies have explored the therapeutic potential of sEV-miRNAs in vivo in mice-two looked into the role of sEV-hsa-miR-214-3p in decreasing fibrosis, and one investigated sEV-hsa-miR-30c-5p in suppressing the invasive and migratory potential of endometriotic lesions. While early results are encouraging, studies need to further address the potential influence of factors such as the menstrual cycle as well as the location and extent of endometriotic lesions on miRNA expression in sEVs. Given these findings, and extrapolating from other conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and pre-eclampsia, sEV-miRNAs could present an attractive and urgently needed future diagnostic and therapeutic target for millions of women suffering from endometriosis. However, research in this area is hampered by lack of adherence to the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles 2018 guideline in separating and characterising sEVs, as well as the World Endometriosis Research Foundation Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonisation Project protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Nazri
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Erin Greaves
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Siobhan Quenby
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Rebecca Dragovic
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, Endometriosis CaRe Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas T Tapmeier
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, Endometriosis CaRe Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian M Becker
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, Endometriosis CaRe Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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16
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Hussen BM, Abdullah KH, Abdullah SR, Majeed NM, Mohamadtahr S, Rasul MF, Dong P, Taheri M, Samsami M. New insights of miRNA molecular mechanisms in breast cancer brain metastasis and therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:645-660. [PMID: 37818447 PMCID: PMC10560790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases in breast cancer (BC) patients are often associated with a poor prognosis. Recent studies have uncovered the critical roles of miRNAs in the initiation and progression of BC brain metastasis, highlighting the disease's underlying molecular pathways. miRNA-181c, miRNA-10b, and miRNA-21, for example, are all overexpressed in BC patients. It has been shown that these three miRNAs help tumors grow and metastasize by targeting genes that control how cells work. On the other hand, miRNA-26b5p, miRNA-7, and miRNA-1013p are all downregulated in BC brain metastasis patients. They act as tumor suppressors by controlling the expression of genes related to cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and invasion. Therapeutic miRNA targeting has considerable promise in treating BC brain metastases. Several strategies have been proposed to modulate miRNA expression, including miRNA-Mimics, antagomirs, and small molecule inhibitors of miRNA biogenesis. This review discusses the aberrant expression of miRNAs and metastatic pathways that lead to the spread of BC cells to the brain. It also explores miRNA therapeutic target molecular mechanisms and BC brain metastasis challenges with advanced strategies. The targeting of certain miRNAs opens a new door for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Khozga Hazhar Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - Sayran Mohamadtahr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Peixin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Samsami
- Cancer Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Franz C, Jötten L, Wührl M, Hartmann S, Klupp F, Schmidt T, Schneider M. Protective effect of miR-18a in resected liver metastases of colorectal cancer and FOLFOX treatment. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1899. [PMID: 37698257 PMCID: PMC10728504 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer ranks second in terms of cancer associated deaths worldwide, whereas miRNA play a pivotal role in the etiology of cancer and its metastases. AIMS Studying the expression and cellular function of miR-18a in metastatic colorectal cancer and association to progression-free survival. METHODS AND RESULTS Colorectal liver metastases (N = 123) and primary colorectal cancer (N = 27) where analyzed by RT-PCR and correlated with clinical follow up data. Invasion and migration assays were performed with the liver metastatic cell line LIM2099 after miR-18a knockdown. Cell viability under FOLFOX treatment and knockdown was measured. We found that the expression of miR-18a was increased 4.38-fold in liver metastases and 3.86-fold in colorectal tumor tissue compared to healthy liver tissue and colorectal mucosa, respectively (p ≤ .001). Patients with a high miR-18a expression in liver metastases had a progression-free survival (PFS) of 13.6 months versus 8.9 months in patients with low expression (N = 123; p = .024). In vitro migration of LIM2099 cells was reduced after miR-18a knockdown and cell viability was significantly increased after miR-18a knockdown and treatment with folinic acid or oxaliplatin. Subgroup analysis of PFS revealed significant benefits for patients with high miR-18a expression receiving 5-FU, folinic acid or oxaliplatin. CONCLUSIONS High expression of miR-18a in colorectal liver metastases might have a protective effect after resection of metastases and FOLFOX treatment regarding PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Franz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laila Jötten
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Wührl
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Hartmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fee Klupp
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Ismail NH, Mussa A, Al-Khreisat MJ, Mohamed Yusoff S, Husin A, Al-Jamal HAN, Johan MF, Islam MA. Dysregulation of Non-Coding RNAs: Roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:68. [PMID: 37987364 PMCID: PMC10660696 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9060068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), leads to the development and advancement of multiple myeloma (MM). miRNAs, in particular, are paramount in post-transcriptional gene regulation, promoting mRNA degradation and translational inhibition. As a result, miRNAs can serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors depending on the target genes. In MM, miRNA disruption could result in abnormal gene expression responsible for cell growth, apoptosis, and other biological processes pertinent to cancer development. The dysregulated miRNAs inhibit the activity of tumor suppressor genes, contributing to disease progression. Nonetheless, several miRNAs are downregulated in MM and have been identified as gene regulators implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling and cell adhesion. miRNA depletion potentially facilitates the tumor advancement and resistance of therapeutic drugs. Additionally, lncRNAs are key regulators of numerous cellular processes, such as gene expression, chromatin remodeling, protein trafficking, and recently linked MM development. The lncRNAs are uniquely expressed and influence gene expression that supports MM growth, in addition to facilitating cellular proliferation and viability via multiple molecular pathways. miRNA and lncRNA alterations potentially result in anomalous gene expression and interfere with the regular functioning of MM. Thus, this review aims to highlight the dysregulation of these ncRNAs, which engender novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hayati Ismail
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ali Mussa
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman 11111, Sudan
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mutaz Jamal Al-Khreisat
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shafini Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Husin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hamid Ali Nagi Al-Jamal
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kuala Nerus 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Md Asiful Islam
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women’s Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Zouei N, Dalimi A, Pirestani M, Ghaffarifar F. Assessment of tissue levels of miR-146a and proinflammatory cytokines in experimental cerebral toxoplasmosis following atovaquone and clindamycin treatment: An in vivo study. Microb Pathog 2023; 184:106340. [PMID: 37683834 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advances for treating cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT), monitoring the parasite burden and treatment response is still challenging. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with regulatory functions that can be used in diagnosis and treatment monitoring. We investigated the changes in miR-146a, BAG-1 gene, IL-6, and IL-10 tissue levels in the brain of BALB/c mice with chronic CT caused by the PRU strain of T. gondii following anti-parasitic and antibiotic treatment. METHOD Fifty-three 6-to 8-week-old BALB/c mice were infected using intraperitoneal inoculation of cerebral cysts of T. gondii PRU strain and then divided into five groups as follows: group 1 included mice treated with 100 mg/kg/d Atovaquone (AT), group 2 included mice treated with 400 mg/kg/d clindamycin (CL), group 3 included mice treated with combination therapy (AT + CL), group 4 included infected untreated mice as a positive control (PC), and; group 5 included uninfected untreated mice as negative control (NC). After the completion of the treatment course, tissue level of mir-146a, miR-155, BAG-1 gene, IL-6, and IL-10 was investigated with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The IL-6/IL-10 ratio was calculated as an indicator of immune response. Moreover, brain cyst numbers were counted on autopsy samples. RESULTS miR-146a, IL-6, IL-10, and BAG-1 genes were expressed in PC, but not in the NC group; miR-146a, IL-6, IL-10, and BAG-1 gene expression were significantly lower in AT, CL, and AT + CL compared with PC. MiR-146a and BAG-1 levels in AT and CL were not different statistically, however, they both had lower levels compared to AT + CL (P < 0.01). There was no difference in the expression of IL-6 and IL-10 between treatment groups. BAG-1 expression was significantly lower in AT, than in CL and AT + CL (P < 0.0089 and < 0.002, respectively). The PC group showed a higher ratio of IL-6/IL-10, although this increase was not statistically significant. It is noteworthy that the treatment with AT reduced this ratio; in the inter-group comparison, this ratio showed a decrease in the AT and AT + CL compared to the PC. The number of brain tissue cysts was significantly lower in AT, CL, and AT + CL, than in PC (p < 0.0001). AT had significantly lower brain cysts than CL and AT + CL (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION It seems that the factors studied in the current research (microRNA and cytokines) are a suitable index for evaluating the response to antiparasitic and antibiotic treatment. However, more studies should be conducted in the future to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Zouei
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Dalimi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Pirestani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Blagojević S, Andrić B, Jovankić J, Milutinović M, Nikodijević D, Arsenijević P, Cvetković D. MicroRNA expression as a diagnostic parameter in early endometrial cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023; 33:1394-1401. [PMID: 37541686 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as biomarkers that showed strong diagnostic potential in various diseases, including cancer. This study aimed to estimate the expression and diagnostic potential of miRNAs (miR-200a, miR-21, miR-210, miR-126, and miR-130a) in endometrial cancer samples. The DICER1 and AGO2 genes were also analysed. METHODS The expression of miRNAs, DICER1, and AGO2 was quantified using the quantitative real-time PCR method in 40 tissue samples with early-stage endometrial cancer and 16 normal controls. RESULTS All tested miRNAs showed significantly higher expression in endometrial cancer compared with the control group, while DICER1 was significantly downregulated. The expression levels of miR-200a, miR-21, and miR-210 were negatively correlated with DICER1 expression. Individually, miR-200a, miR-21, miR-210, and DICER1 showed the best diagnostic performance in distinguishing patients with endometrial cancer from normal controls, whereas a combination of all biomarkers resulted in an even higher area under the curve. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that a panel of selected biomarkers (miR-200a, miR-21, miR-210, miR-126, miR-130a, DICER1, and AGO2) may be candidates for the detection of early-stage endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jovana Jovankić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | | | - Petar Arsenijević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Cvetković
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Serbia
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21
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Seyhan AA. Circulating microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer-Advances and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13340. [PMID: 37686149 PMCID: PMC10488102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent unmet need for robust and reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of response to specific treatments of many aggressive and deadly cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, and liquid biopsy-based miRNA profiling has the potential for this. MiRNAs are a subset of non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of a multitude of genes post-transcriptionally and thus are potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers and have also emerged as potential therapeutics. Because miRNAs are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of their target mRNAs via repressing gene expression, defects in miRNA biogenesis pathway and miRNA expression perturb the expression of a multitude of oncogenic or tumor-suppressive genes that are involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers. As such, numerous miRNAs have been identified to be downregulated or upregulated in many cancers, functioning as either oncomes or oncosuppressor miRs. Moreover, dysregulation of miRNA biogenesis pathways can also change miRNA expression and function in cancer. Profiling of dysregulated miRNAs in pancreatic cancer has been shown to correlate with disease diagnosis, indicate optimal treatment options and predict response to a specific therapy. Specific miRNA signatures can track the stages of pancreatic cancer and hold potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers, as well as therapeutics such as miRNA mimics and miRNA inhibitors (antagomirs). Furthermore, identified specific miRNAs and genes they regulate in pancreatic cancer along with downstream pathways can be used as potential therapeutic targets. However, a limited understanding and validation of the specific roles of miRNAs, lack of tissue specificity, methodological, technical, or analytical reproducibility, harmonization of miRNA isolation and quantification methods, the use of standard operating procedures, and the availability of automated and standardized assays to improve reproducibility between independent studies limit bench-to-bedside translation of the miRNA biomarkers for clinical applications. Here I review recent findings on miRNAs in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and their potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila A. Seyhan
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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22
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Santiago PB, da Silva Bentes KL, da Silva WMC, Praça YR, Charneau S, Chaouch S, Grellier P, Dos Santos Silva Ferraz MA, Bastos IMD, de Santana JM, de Araújo CN. Insights into the microRNA landscape of Rhodnius prolixus, a vector of Chagas disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13120. [PMID: 37573416 PMCID: PMC10423254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in microRNAs (miRNAs) over recent years has led to their characterization in numerous organisms. However, there is currently a lack of data available on miRNAs from triatomine bugs (Reduviidae: Triatominae), which are the vectors of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular biology of vectors provides new insights into insect-host interactions and insect control approaches, which are key methods to prevent disease incidence in endemic areas. In this work, we describe the miRNome profiles from gut, hemolymph, and salivary gland tissues of the Rhodnius prolixus triatomine. Small RNA sequencing data revealed abundant expression of miRNAs, along with tRNA- and rRNA-derived fragments. Fifty-two mature miRNAs, previously reported in Ecdysozoa, were identified, including 39 ubiquitously expressed in the three tissues. Additionally, 112, 73, and 78 novel miRNAs were predicted in the gut, hemolymph, and salivary glands, respectively. In silico prediction showed that the top eight most highly expressed miRNAs from salivary glands potentially target human blood-expressed genes, suggesting that R. prolixus may modulate the host's gene expression at the bite site. This study provides the first characterization of miRNAs in a Triatominae species, shedding light on the role of these crucial regulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Beatriz Santiago
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Kaio Luís da Silva Bentes
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Yanna Reis Praça
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Charneau
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Soraya Chaouch
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 0575231, Paris Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Grellier
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 0575231, Paris Cedex, France
| | | | - Izabela Marques Dourado Bastos
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Jaime Martins de Santana
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Carla Nunes de Araújo
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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23
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Ejaz M, Usman SM, Amir S, Khan MJ. Holistic expression of miR-17-92 cluster in obesity, kidney diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6913-6925. [PMID: 37329480 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
miR-17-92 cluster encodes six micro RNAs (miRNAs) and plays a crucial role in the regulation of various cellular processes. Aberrant expression of this cluster may result in the onset of several diseases. Initially, the role of miR-17-92 cluster in tumorigenesis was discovered but recent research has also uncovered its role in other diseases. Members of the cluster may serve as potential biomarkers in the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of several diseases and their complications. In this article, we have reviewed the recent research carried out on the expression pattern of miR-17-92 cluster in non-communicable diseases i.e., obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), kidney diseases (KD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). We examined miR-17-92 role in pathological processes and their potential importance as biomarkers. Each member of the cluster miR-17-92 was upregulated in obesity. miR-18a, miR-19b-3p, miR20a, and miR92a were significantly upregulated in CVD. An equal fraction of the cluster was dysregulated (upregulated and downregulated) in diabetes; however, miR-17-92 was downregulated in most studies on CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheen Ejaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Syed Mohammad Usman
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Saira Amir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
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24
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Săsăran MO, Bănescu C. Role of salivary miRNAs in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders: a mini-review of available evidence. Front Genet 2023; 14:1228482. [PMID: 37456668 PMCID: PMC10346860 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1228482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are short, non-coding RNA molecules, which are involved in the regulation of gene expression and which play an important role in various biological processes, including inflammation and cell cycle regulation. The possibility of detecting their extracellular expression, within body fluids, represented the main background for their potential use as non-invasive biomarkers of various diseases. Salivary miRNAs particularly gained interest recently due to the facile collection of stimulated/unstimulated saliva and their stability among healthy subjects. Furthermore, miRNAs seem to represent biomarker candidates of gastrointestinal disorders, with miRNA-based therapeutics showing great potential in those conditions. This review aimed to highlight available evidence on the role of salivary miRNAs in different gastrointestinal conditions. Most salivary-based miRNA studies available in the literature that focused on pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract have so far been conducted on pancreatic cancer patients and delivered reliable results. A few studies also showed the diagnostic utility of salivary miRNAs in conditions such as esophagitis, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, or inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, several authors showed that salivary miRNAs may confidently be used as biomarkers of gastric cancer, but the use of salivary miRNA candidates in gastric inflammation and pre-malignant lesions, essential stages of Correa's cascade, is still put into question. On the other hand, besides miRNAs, other salivary omics have shown biomarker potential in gastro-intestinal conditions. The limited available data suggest that salivary miRNAs may represent reliable biomarker candidates for gastrointestinal conditions. However, their diagnostic potential requires validation through future research, performed on larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Oana Săsăran
- Department of Pediatrics 3, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Claudia Bănescu
- Genetics Department, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Targu Mures, Romania
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25
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Isenmann M, Stoddart MJ, Schmelzeisen R, Gross C, Della Bella E, Rothweiler RM. Basic Principles of RNA Interference: Nucleic Acid Types and In Vitro Intracellular Delivery Methods. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1321. [PMID: 37512632 PMCID: PMC10383872 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1989, RNA interference (RNAi) has become a widely used tool for the in vitro downregulation of specific gene expression in molecular biological research. This basically involves a complementary RNA that binds a target sequence to affect its transcription or translation process. Currently, various small RNAs, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), micro RNA (miRNA), small hairpin RNA (shRNA), and PIWI interacting RNA (piRNA), are available for application on in vitro cell culture, to regulate the cells' gene expression by mimicking the endogenous RNAi-machinery. In addition, several biochemical, physical, and viral methods have been established to deliver these RNAs into the cell or nucleus. Since each RNA and each delivery method entail different off-target effects, limitations, and compatibilities, it is crucial to understand their basic mode of action. This review is intended to provide an overview of different nucleic acids and delivery methods for planning, interpreting, and troubleshooting of RNAi experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Isenmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Martin James Stoddart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Schmelzeisen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gross
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elena Della Bella
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - René Marcel Rothweiler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
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26
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Kshirsagar A, Doroshev SM, Gorelik A, Olender T, Sapir T, Tsuboi D, Rosenhek-Goldian I, Malitsky S, Itkin M, Argoetti A, Mandel-Gutfreund Y, Cohen SR, Hanna JH, Ulitsky I, Kaibuchi K, Reiner O. LIS1 RNA-binding orchestrates the mechanosensitive properties of embryonic stem cells in AGO2-dependent and independent ways. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3293. [PMID: 37280197 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lissencephaly-1 (LIS1) is associated with neurodevelopmental diseases and is known to regulate the molecular motor cytoplasmic dynein activity. Here we show that LIS1 is essential for the viability of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), and it governs the physical properties of these cells. LIS1 dosage substantially affects gene expression, and we uncovered an unexpected interaction of LIS1 with RNA and RNA-binding proteins, most prominently the Argonaute complex. We demonstrate that LIS1 overexpression partially rescued the extracellular matrix (ECM) expression and mechanosensitive genes conferring stiffness to Argonaute null mESCs. Collectively, our data transforms the current perspective on the roles of LIS1 in post-transcriptional regulation underlying development and mechanosensitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kshirsagar
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Svetlana Maslov Doroshev
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Gorelik
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tsviya Olender
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tamar Sapir
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daisuke Tsuboi
- International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Irit Rosenhek-Goldian
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Argoetti
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Sidney R Cohen
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Orly Reiner
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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27
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Psilopatis I, Vrettou K, Kokkali S, Theocharis S. The Role of MicroRNAs in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092420. [PMID: 37173887 PMCID: PMC10177388 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine sarcomas are rare gynecological tumors arising from the myometrium or the connective tissue of the endometrium with a relatively poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors under certain conditions. The current review aims at studying the role of miRNAs in uterine sarcoma diagnosis and treatment. In order to identify relevant studies, a literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE and LIVIVO databases. The search terms "microRNA" and "uterine sarcoma" were employed, and we were able to identify 24 studies published between 2008 and 2022. The current manuscript represents the first comprehensive review of the literature focusing on the particular role of miRNAs as biomarkers for uterine sarcomas. miRNAs were found to exhibit differential expression in uterine sarcoma cell lines and interact with certain genes correlating with tumorigenesis and cancer progression, whereas selected miRNA isoforms seem to be either over- or under-expressed in uterine sarcoma samples compared to normal uteri or benign tumors. Furthermore, miRNA levels correlate with various clinical prognostic parameters in uterine sarcoma patients, whereas each uterine sarcoma subtype is characterized by a unique miRNA profile. In summary, miRNAs seemingly represent novel trustworthy biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of uterine sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iason Psilopatis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kleio Vrettou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stefania Kokkali
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippocratio General Hospital of Athens, V. Sofias 114, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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28
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Azizi E, Mofarahe ZS, Naji M. MicroRNAs, small regulatory elements with significant effects on human implantation: a review. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:697-717. [PMID: 36723761 PMCID: PMC10224887 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryo implantation is a critical process for achieving a successful pregnancy and live birth. The proper implantation must have a synchronized interaction between blastocyst and a receptive endometrium. Many genes are involved in the modulation of precise molecular events during implantation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been extensively reported as gene regulatory molecules on post-transcriptional levels involved in various biological processes such as gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and the quality of sperm, oocyte, and embryos. A plethora of evidence has demonstrated critical roles for miRNAs in regulating genes involved in the implantation process; hence, dysregulation of miRNAs could be associated with significant impairments in implantation, such as recurrent implantation failure. In addition to the indispensable role of miRNAs in the intracellular control of gene expression, they can also be secreted into extracellular fluid and circulation. Therefore, miRNAs in body fluids and blood may be exploited as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for different pathological and physiological conditions. Recently, several studies have focused on the discovery of miRNAs function in the implantation process by appraising miRNAs and their target genes in human embryos, endometrial tissue, and cell culture models. Moreover, it was revealed that there could be a significant association between endometrial receptivity or implantation status and the expression of miRNAs in human body fluids, reinforcing their role as non-invasive biomarkers. In the current work, we reviewed the studies concerning the role of intracellular and extracellular miRNAs in human implantation and the influence of their dysregulation on implantation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Azizi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shams Mofarahe
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naji
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center (UNRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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MiRNAs in Hematopoiesis and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065436. [PMID: 36982511 PMCID: PMC10049736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common kind of pediatric cancer. Although the cure rates in ALL have significantly increased in developed countries, still 15–20% of patients relapse, with even higher rates in developing countries. The role of non-coding RNA genes as microRNAs (miRNAs) has gained interest from researchers in regard to improving our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying ALL development, as well as identifying biomarkers with clinical relevance. Despite the wide heterogeneity reveled in miRNA studies in ALL, consistent findings give us confidence that miRNAs could be useful to discriminate between leukemia linages, immunophenotypes, molecular groups, high-risk-for-relapse groups, and poor/good responders to chemotherapy. For instance, miR-125b has been associated with prognosis and chemoresistance in ALL, miR-21 has an oncogenic role in lymphoid malignancies, and the miR-181 family can act either as a oncomiR or tumor suppressor in several hematological malignancies. However, few of these studies have explored the molecular interplay between miRNAs and their targeted genes. This review aims to state the different ways in which miRNAs could be involved in ALL and their clinical implications.
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30
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Li Y, Gui Y, Zhao M, Chen X, Li H, Tian C, Zhao H, Jiang C, Xu P, Zhang S, Ye S, Huang M. The roles of extracellular vesicles in major depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1138110. [PMID: 36970289 PMCID: PMC10033661 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1138110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious mental disease characterized by depressed mood, loss of interest and suicidal ideation. Its rising prevalence has rendered MDD one of the largest contributors to the global disease burden. However, its pathophysiological mechanism is still unclear, and reliable biomarkers are lacking. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are widely considered important mediators of intercellular communication, playing an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. Most preclinical studies focus on the related proteins and microRNAs in EVs, which can regulate energy metabolism, neurogenesis, neuro-inflammation and other pathophysiological processes in the development of MDD. The purpose of this review is to describe the current research progress of EVs in MDD and highlight their potential roles as biomarkers, therapeutic indicators and drug delivery carriers for the treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Gui
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Mental Health Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuanqiang Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoyang Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaonan Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyong Ye
- Henan University School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Manli Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Manli Huang,
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31
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miRNome and Proteome Profiling of Human Keratinocytes and Adipose Derived Stem Cells Proposed miRNA-Mediated Regulations of Epidermal Growth Factor and Interleukin 1-Alpha. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054956. [PMID: 36902387 PMCID: PMC10002856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is regulated by complex crosstalk between keratinocytes and other cell types, including stem cells. In this study, a 7-day direct co-culture model of human keratinocytes and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) was proposed to study the interaction between the two cell types, in order to identify regulators of ADSCs differentiation toward the epidermal lineage. As major mediators of cell communication, miRNome and proteome profiles in cell lysates of cultured human keratinocytes and ADSCs were explored through experimental and computational analyses. GeneChip® miRNA microarray, identified 378 differentially expressed miRNAs; of these, 114 miRNAs were upregulated and 264 miRNAs were downregulated in keratinocytes. According to miRNA target prediction databases and the Expression Atlas database, 109 skin-related genes were obtained. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed 14 pathways including vesicle-mediated transport, signaling by interleukin, and others. Proteome profiling showed a significant upregulation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and Interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1α) compared to ADSCs. Integrated analysis through cross-matching the differentially expressed miRNA and proteins suggested two potential pathways for regulations of epidermal differentiation; the first is EGF-based through the downregulation of miR-485-5p and miR-6765-5p and/or the upregulation of miR-4459. The second is mediated by IL-1α overexpression through four isomers of miR-30-5p and miR-181a-5p.
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Doghish AS, Abulsoud AI, Elshaer SS, Abdelmaksoud NM, Zaki MB, El-Mahdy HA, Ismail A, Fathi D, Elsakka EGE. miRNAs as cornerstones in chronic lymphocytic leukemia pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance- An emphasis on the interaction of signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154363. [PMID: 36764011 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) accounts for the vast majority of cases of leukemia. Patients of advanced age are more likely to develop the condition, which has a highly varied clinical course. Consideration of illness features and preceding treatment sequence, as well as patient preferences and comorbidities, is necessary for selecting the appropriate treatment for the appropriate patient. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity to detect CLL early, monitor CLL patients, select the treatment responders, and reduce ineffective treatment, unwanted side effects, and unnecessary expenses. In both homeostasis and illness, microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) play a vital role as master regulators of gene expression and, by extension, protein expression. MiRNAs typically reduce the stability of mRNAs, including those encoding genes involved in tumorigenesis processes as cell cycle regulation, inflammation, stress response, angiogenesis, differentiation, apoptosis, and invasion. Due to their unique properties, miRNAs are rapidly being exploited as accurate biomarkers for illness detection, and medicines based on miRNA targets are finding widespread application in clinical practice. Accordingly, the current review serves as a quick primer on CLL and the biogenesis of miRNAs. In addition to providing a brief overview of the miRNAs whose function in the progression of CLL has been established by recent in vitro or in vivo research through articulating the influence of these miRNAs on a wide variety of cellular functions, including increased proliferative potential; support for angiogenesis; cell cycle aberration; evasion of apoptosis; promotion of metastasis; and reduced sensitivity to specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Shereen Saeid Elshaer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11823, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Bakr Zaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa Fathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231, Cairo, Egypt
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Significance of miRNAs on the thyroid cancer progression and resistance to treatment with special attention to the role of cross-talk between signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154371. [PMID: 36791561 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most prevalent endocrine malignant tumor. It has many types, the Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC)(most common and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Several risk factors have been associated with TC radiation exposure, autoimmunity, and genetics. Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are the most important genetic determinants of TC. They are small chains of nucleic acids that are able to inhibit the expression of several target genes. They could target several genes involved in TC proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, development, and even resistance to therapy. Besides, they could influence the stemness of TC. Moreover, they could regulate several signaling pathways such as WNT/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, JAK/STAT, TGF- β, EGFR, and P53. Besides signaling pathways, miRNAs are also involved in the resistance of TC to major treatments such as surgery, thyroid hormone-inhibiting therapy, radioactive iodine, and adjuvant radiation. The stability and sensitivity of several miRNAs might be exploited as an approach for the usage of miRNAs as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools in TC.
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miRNAs role in cervical cancer pathogenesis and targeted therapy: Signaling pathways interplay. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 244:154386. [PMID: 36868096 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the primary cause of cancer deaths in underdeveloped countries. The persistence of infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant contributor to the development of CC. However, few women with morphologic HPV infection develop invasive illnesses, suggesting other mechanisms contribute to cervical carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small chain nucleic acids that can regulate wide networks of cellular events. They can inhibit or degrade their target protein-encoding genes. They had the power to regulate CC's invasion, pathophysiology, angiogenesis, apoptosis, proliferation, and cell cycle phases. Further research is required, even though novel methods have been developed for employing miRNAs in the diagnosis, and treatment of CC. We'll go through some of the new findings about miRNAs and their function in CC below. The function of miRNAs in the development of CC and its treatment is one of these. Clinical uses of miRNAs in the analysis, prediction, and management of CC are also covered.
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Raufi AG, May MS, Hadfield MJ, Seyhan AA, El-Deiry WS. Advances in Liquid Biopsy Technology and Implications for Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4238. [PMID: 36835649 PMCID: PMC9958987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a climbing incidence. The majority of cases are detected late, with incurable locally advanced or metastatic disease. Even in individuals who undergo resection, recurrence is unfortunately very common. There is no universally accepted screening modality for the general population and diagnosis, evaluation of treatment response, and detection of recurrence relies primarily on the use of imaging. Identification of minimally invasive techniques to help diagnose, prognosticate, predict response or resistance to therapy, and detect recurrence are desperately needed. Liquid biopsies represent an emerging group of technologies which allow for non-invasive serial sampling of tumor material. Although not yet approved for routine use in pancreatic cancer, the increasing sensitivity and specificity of contemporary liquid biopsy platforms will likely change clinical practice in the near future. In this review, we discuss the recent technological advances in liquid biopsy, focusing on circulating tumor DNA, exosomes, microRNAs, and circulating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Raufi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Michael S. May
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matthew J. Hadfield
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Attila A. Seyhan
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Tamas T, Raduly L, Berindan-Neagoe I, Dinu C, Botan E, Bumbu B, Tamas A, Stoia S, Leucuta DC, Bran S, Onisor F, Băciuț G, Armencea G, Băciuț M. The Role of miRNA-221 and miRNA-34a in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck Region. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:503. [PMID: 36833430 PMCID: PMC9956318 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is one of the most frequent types of malignancy in the human body with an increasing incidence. Short, non-coding RNA molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs) can control post-transcriptional gene expression and they have a significant role in several physiological cellular processes and pathologies, including cancer. Depending on the functions of the genes, miRNAs may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The aim of this paper was to describe the role of miRNA-34a and miRNA-221 in head and neck NMSC. Thirty-eight NMSC match paired (tumor and adjacent) tissue samples were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Total RNA was extracted and isolated from tissue samples using the phenol-chloroform (Trireagent) method according to the manufacturer's protocol. The concentration of RNA was measured by a NanoDrop-1000 spectrophotometer. The expression level of each miRNA was calculated by threshold cycle. For all statistical tests, the 0.05 significance level was used and two-tailed p values. All analyses were conducted in an R environment for statistical computing and graphics. We found the miRNA-221 being overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (p < 0.05), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and basosquamous cell carcinoma (BSC) compared with adjacent normal tissue. Additionally, the levels of miRNA-221 were two times higher (p < 0.05) in cases where the excision of the tumor was done with positive margins (R1), which means that we are the first to highlight the potential role of miRNA-221 in the microscopical local invasion. Mi-RNA-34a expression was altered in the malignant tissue compared with the adjacent normal one both in BCC and SCC but not statistically significantly. In conclusion, NMSC are challenging because of their increasing incidence and rapidly evolving development and discovering their molecular mechanisms of action lead us to understand tumorigenesis and evolution, while also contributing to the implementation of novel therapeutic keys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiberiu Tamas
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Dinu
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emil Botan
- Department of Pathology, Emergency County Hospital, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Bumbu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Adela Tamas
- Doctoral School, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sebastian Stoia
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Corneliu Leucuta
- Medical Informatics and Biostatistics Department, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Bran
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florin Onisor
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Grigore Băciuț
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Armencea
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Băciuț
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Identification of Appropriate Endogenous Controls for Circulating miRNA Quantification in Working Dogs under Physiological Stress Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040576. [PMID: 36830363 PMCID: PMC9951723 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free miRNAs, called circulating miRNAs (cmiRNAs), can act in a paracrine manner by facilitating a diversity of signaling mechanisms between cells. Real-time qPCR is the most accepted method for quantifying miRNA expression levels. The use of stable miRNA endogenous control (EC) for qPCR data normalization allows an accurate cross-sample gene expression comparison. The appropriate selection of EC is a crucial step because qPCR data can change drastically when normalization is performed using an unstable versus a stable EC. To find EC cmiRNA with stable expression in search and rescue (SAR) working dogs, we explored the serum miRNome by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) at T0 (resting state) and T1 immediately after SAR performance (state of physiologically recovered stress). The cmiRNAs selected in the NGS circulating miRNome as probable ECs were validated by qPCR, and miRNA stability was evaluated using the Delta Ct, BestKeeper, NormFinder, and GeNorm algorithms. Finally, RefFinder was used to rank the stability orders at both T0 and T1 by establishing miR-320 and miR-191 as the best-circulating ECs. We are confident that this study not only provides a helpful result in itself but also an experimental design for selecting the best endogenous controls to normalize gene expression for genes beyond circulating miRNAs.
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El-Mahdy HA, Elsakka EGE, El-Husseiny AA, Ismail A, Yehia AM, Abdelmaksoud NM, Elshimy RAA, Noshy M, Doghish AS. miRNAs role in bladder cancer pathogenesis and targeted therapy: Signaling pathways interplay - A review. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 242:154316. [PMID: 36682282 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 11th most popular cancer in females and 4th in males. A lot of efforts have been exerted to improve BC patients' care. Besides, new approaches have been developed to enhance the efficiency of BC diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutics, and monitoring. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small chain nucleic acids that can regulate wide networks of cellular events. They can inhibit or degrade their target protein-encoding genes. The miRNAs are either downregulated or upregulated in BC due to epigenetic alterations or biogenesis machinery abnormalities. In BC, dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, proliferation, metastasis, treatment resistance, and other activities. A variety of miRNAs have been related to tumor kind, stage, or patient survival. Besides, although new approaches for using miRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of BC have been developed, it still needs further investigations. In the next words, we illustrate the recent advances in the role of miRNAs in BC aspects. They include the role of miRNAs in BC pathogenesis and therapy. Besides, the clinical applications of miRNAs in BC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Mohamed Yehia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Reham A A Elshimy
- Clinical & Chemical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, 11796 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mina Noshy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), SouthSinai, Ras Sudr 46612, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
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Advances and Highlights of miRNAs in Asthma: Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021628. [PMID: 36675145 PMCID: PMC9862966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease of the airways that causes breathing difficulties, episodes of cough and wheezing, and in more severe cases can greatly diminish quality of life. Epigenetic regulation, including post-transcriptional mediation of microRNAs (miRNAs), is one of the mechanisms behind the development of the range of asthma phenotypes and endotypes. As in every other immune-mediated disease, miRNAs regulate the behavior of cells that shape the airway structure as well as those in charge of the defense mechanisms in the bronchi and lungs, controlling cell survival, growth, proliferation, and the ability of cells to synthesize and secrete chemokines and immune mediators. More importantly, miRNAs are molecules with chemical and biological properties that make them appropriate biomarkers for disease, enabling stratification of patients for optimal drug selection and thereby simplifying clinical management and reducing both the economic burden and need for critical care associated with the disease. In this review, we summarize the roles of miRNAs in asthma and describe how they regulate the mechanisms of the disease. We further describe the current state of miRNAs as biomarkers for asthma phenotyping, endotyping, and treatment selection.
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Pan-Cancer Study on Variants of Canonical miRNA Biogenesis Pathway Components: A Pooled Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020338. [PMID: 36672288 PMCID: PMC9856462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in microRNA processing/maturation and release may deregulate the microRNAome expression levels. We aimed to assess the relationship between miRNA machinery genetic variants and human cancer risk using integrative bioinformatics analyses to identify the role of these genes in cancer aggressiveness. Mutations of 8176 pan-cancer samples were retrieved from 33 studies in "TCGA" database, and a Cox regression model for survival was performed. Next, 22 computationally identified variants within 11 genes were selected based on their high citation rate and MAF. Relevant articles through March 2020 were included. Pooled estimates under the five genetic association models were calculated. Publication bias and heterogeneity between articles were evaluated. Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) was applied to assess the power and reliability of the draw conclusions. TCGA patients with different cancer types revealed significant alterations in miRNA machinery genes, with mutation frequency ranging from 0.6-13% of samples. RAN was associated with LN metastasis, while TARBP2 and PIWIL1 gene mutations exhibited better overall survival. In the meta-analysis, 45 articles (74,593 cases and 89,198 controls) met the eligibility criteria. Pooled analysis revealed an increased cancer risk with DROSHArs10719*G, RANrs3803012*G, DGCR8rs417309*A, and GEMIN3rs197414*A. In contrast, both DICER1rs1057035*T and GEMIN4rs2743048*G conferred protection against developing cancer. TSA showed the cumulative evidence is inadequate, and the addition of further primary studies is necessary. This study suggests a potential role of miRNA biogenesis genes in cancer development/prognosis. Further functional studies may reveal biological explanations for the differential risks of the machinery variants in different cancer types.
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McMurtry V, Canberk S, Deftereos G. Molecular testing in fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:36-50. [PMID: 36480743 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid nodules are commonly faced by clinicians as palpable nodules or incidentally identified on imaging. Nodules that are found to be suspicious by imaging can be biopsied by fine needle aspiration, which can yield material for molecular testing to refine the diagnosis. METHODS The current literature concerning molecular testing in thyroid nodules including available commercial assays was reviewed and summarized. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Commonly encountered alterations include mutations in RAS, BRAF, TERT promoter, PTEN, and DICER1 as well as fusions of RET, ALK, PAX8-PPARγ, and NTRK. This article provides a summary of these molecular alterations, commercially available molecular assays, and general considerations for thyroid epithelial malignancies and benign thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valarie McMurtry
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,ARUP Institute for Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sule Canberk
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal.,Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Georgios Deftereos
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,ARUP Institute for Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Albano GD, Gagliardo R, Montalbano AM, Profita M. Non-Coding RNAs in Airway Diseases: A Brief Overview of Recent Data. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010054. [PMID: 36612051 PMCID: PMC9817765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the human lung is mediated in response to different stimuli (e.g., physical, radioactive, infective, pro-allergenic, or toxic) such as cigarette smoke and environmental pollutants. These stimuli often promote an increase in different inflammatory activities in the airways, manifesting themselves as chronic diseases (e.g., allergic airway diseases, asthma chronic bronchitis/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or even lung cancer). Non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) are single-stranded RNA molecules of few nucleotides that regulate the gene expression involved in many cellular processes. ncRNA are molecules typically involved in the reduction of translation and stability of the genes of mRNAs s. They regulate many biological aspects such as cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation, regulation of cell cycle, aging, apoptosis, metabolism, and neuronal patterning, and influence a wide range of biologic processes essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The relevance of ncRNAs in the pathogenetic mechanisms of respiratory diseases has been widely established and in the last decade many papers were published. However, once their importance is established in pathogenetic mechanisms, it becomes important to further deepen the research in this direction. In this review we describe several of most recent knowledge concerning ncRNA (overall miRNAs) expression and activities in the lung.
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van Wijk N, Zohar K, Linial M. Challenging Cellular Homeostasis: Spatial and Temporal Regulation of miRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:16152. [PMID: 36555797 PMCID: PMC9787707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules that act in post-transcriptional regulation in animals and plants. A mature miRNA is the end product of consecutive, highly regulated processing steps of the primary miRNA transcript. Following base-paring of the mature miRNA with its mRNA target, translation is inhibited, and the targeted mRNA is degraded. There are hundreds of miRNAs in each cell that work together to regulate cellular key processes, including development, differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis, inflammation, viral infection, and more. In this review, we present an overlooked layer of cellular regulation that addresses cell dynamics affecting miRNA accessibility. We discuss the regulation of miRNA local storage and translocation among cell compartments. The local amounts of the miRNAs and their targets dictate their actual availability, which determines the ability to fine-tune cell responses to abrupt or chronic changes. We emphasize that changes in miRNA storage and compactization occur under induced stress and changing conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate shared principles on cell physiology, governed by miRNA under oxidative stress, tumorigenesis, viral infection, or synaptic plasticity. The evidence presented in this review article highlights the importance of spatial and temporal miRNA regulation for cell physiology. We argue that limiting the research to mature miRNAs within the cytosol undermines our understanding of the efficacy of miRNAs to regulate cell fate under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michal Linial
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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de Rooij LA, Mastebroek DJ, ten Voorde N, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ, Moelans CB. The microRNA Lifecycle in Health and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235748. [PMID: 36497229 PMCID: PMC9736740 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of ~22 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They can bind to around 60% of all protein-coding genes with an average of 200 targets per miRNA, indicating their important function within physiological and pathological cellular processes. miRNAs can be quickly produced in high amounts through canonical and non-canonical pathways that involve a multitude of steps and proteins. In cancer, miRNA biogenesis, availability and regulation of target expression can be altered to promote tumour progression. This can be due to genetic causes, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, epigenetic changes, differences in host gene expression, or chromosomal remodelling. Alternatively, post-transcriptional changes in miRNA stability, and defective or absent components and mediators of the miRNA-induced silencing complex can lead to altered miRNA function. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the lifecycle of miRNAs in health and cancer. Understanding miRNA function and regulation is fundamental prior to potential future application of miRNAs as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Adriana de Rooij
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-887-556-557
| | - Dirk Jan Mastebroek
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicky ten Voorde
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elsken van der Wall
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Joannes van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cathy Beatrice Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ismail A, El-Mahdy HA, Abulsoud AI, Sallam AAM, Eldeib MG, Elsakka EG, Zaki MB, Doghish AS. Beneficial and detrimental aspects of miRNAs as chief players in breast cancer: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:1541-1565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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miR-3059-3p Regulates Glioblastoma Multiforme Radiosensitivity Enhancement through the Homologous Recombination Pathway of DNA Repair. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7250278. [PMID: 36185623 PMCID: PMC9519319 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7250278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most deadly and recalcitrant illnesses of the neurocentral nervous system in humans. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that play important roles in the regulation of gene expression and biological processes, including radiosensitivity. In this study, we demonstrated the relationship between miR-3059-3p and radiation in GBM. Materials and Methods Radioresistant (RR) cells were obtained by exposing GBM8401 cells to 80 Gy radiation in 20 weekly 4 Gy fractions. miR-3059-3p mRNA and DNA replication helicase/nuclease 2 (DNA2) protein expressions were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Using flow cytometry, colony formation and apoptosis were identified using miR-3059-3p mimic, miR-3059-3p inhibitor, DNA2 siRNA, and DNA2 plasmid. Immunoblotting was used to detect DNA repair proteins. Results Low levels of miR-3059-3p and high levels of DNA2 were observed in RR cells. Colony formation and apoptosis assays revealed that miR-3059-3p targeted DNA2 to regulate radioresistance. Immunoblotting revealed that miR-3059-3p regulated the homologous recombination (HR) pathway (Rad51 and Rad52) but not the nonhomologous end joining pathway (ku70 and ku80). Conclusion Downregulation of DNA2 via miR-3059-3p enhanced the radiosensitivity of GBM cells through the inhibition of the HR pathway.
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Bao S, Zhou T, Yan C, Bao J, Yang F, Chao S, Zhou M, Xu Z. A blood-based miRNA signature for early non-invasive diagnosis of preeclampsia. BMC Med 2022; 20:303. [PMID: 36096786 PMCID: PMC9469544 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystemic maternal syndrome with substantial maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is no clinically viable non-invasive biomarker assay for early detection, thus limiting the effective prevention and therapeutic strategies for PE. METHODS We conducted a discovery-training-validation three-phase retrospective and prospective study with cross-platform and multicenter cohorts. The initial biomarkers were discovered and verified in tissue specimens by small RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR. A miRNA signature (miR2PE-score) was developed using Firth's bias-reduced logistic regression analysis and subsequently validated in two independent multinational retrospective cohorts and two prospective plasma cohorts. RESULTS We initially identified five PE-associated differentially expressed miRNAs from miRNA sequencing data and subsequently validated two miRNAs (miR-196b-5p and miR-584-5p) as robust biomarkers by association analysis with clinical characteristics and qRT-PCR in tissue specimens in the discovery phase. Using Firth's bias-reduced logistic regression analysis, we developed the miR2PE-score for the early detection of PE. The miR2PE-score showed a high diagnostic performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.920, 0.848, 0.864, and 0.812 in training, internal, and two external validation cross-platform and multicenter cohorts, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated the non-invasive diagnostic performance of the miR2PE-score in two prospective plasma cohorts with AUROC of 0.933 and 0.787. Furthermore, the miR2PE-score revealed superior performance in non-invasive diagnosis compared with previously published miRNA biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated a novel and robust blood-based miRNA signature, which may serve as a promising clinically applicable non-invasive tool for the early detection of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Bao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Yan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Bao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Chao
- Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhangye Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China.
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Rhim J, Baek W, Seo Y, Kim JH. From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutics: Understanding MicroRNA-21 in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182791. [PMID: 36139366 PMCID: PMC9497241 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play an important role in regulating gene expression at a posttranscriptional level. As one of the first discovered oncogenic miRNAs, microRNA-21 (miR-21) has been highlighted for its critical role in cancers, such as glioblastoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and many others. MiR-21 targets many vital components in a wide range of cancers and acts on various cellular processes ranging from cancer stemness to cell death. Expression of miR-21 is elevated within cancer tissues and circulating miR-21 is readily detectable in biofluids, making it valuable as a cancer biomarker with significant potential for use in diagnosis and prognosis. Advances in RNA-based therapeutics have revealed additional avenues by which miR-21 can be utilized as a promising target in cancer. The purpose of this review is to outline the roles of miR-21 as a key modulator in various cancers and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Rhim
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Woosun Baek
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Yoona Seo
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Jong Heon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-920-2204
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Carberry CK, Koval LE, Payton A, Hartwell H, Ho Kim Y, Smith GJ, Reif DM, Jaspers I, Ian Gilmour M, Rager JE. Wildfires and extracellular vesicles: Exosomal MicroRNAs as mediators of cross-tissue cardiopulmonary responses to biomass smoke. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107419. [PMID: 35863239 PMCID: PMC9389917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wildfires are a threat to public health world-wide that are growing in intensity and prevalence. The biological mechanisms that elicit wildfire-associated toxicity remain largely unknown. The potential involvement of cross-tissue communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a new mechanism that has yet to be evaluated. METHODS Female CD-1 mice were exposed to smoke condensate samples collected from the following biomass burn scenarios: flaming peat; smoldering peat; flaming red oak; and smoldering red oak, representing lab-based simulations of wildfire scenarios. Lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, peripheral blood, and heart tissues were collected 4 and 24 h post-exposure. Exosome-enriched EVs were isolated from plasma, physically characterized, and profiled for microRNA (miRNA) expression. Pathway-level responses in the lung and heart were evaluated through RNA sequencing and pathway analyses. RESULTS Markers of cardiopulmonary tissue injury and inflammation from BALF samples were significantly altered in response to exposures, with the greatest changes occurring from flaming biomass conditions. Plasma EV miRNAs relevant to cardiovascular disease showed exposure-induced expression alterations, including miR-150, miR-183, miR-223-3p, miR-30b, and miR-378a. Lung and heart mRNAs were identified with differential expression enriched for hypoxia and cell stress-related pathways. Flaming red oak exposure induced the greatest transcriptional response in the heart, a large portion of which were predicted as regulated by plasma EV miRNAs, including miRNAs known to regulate hypoxia-induced cardiovascular injury. Many of these miRNAs had published evidence supporting their transfer across tissues. A follow-up analysis of miR-30b showed that it was increased in expression in the heart of exposed mice in the absence of changes to its precursor molecular, pri-miR-30b, suggesting potential transfer from external sources (e.g., plasma). DISCUSSION This study posits a potential mechanism through which wildfire exposures induce cardiopulmonary responses, highlighting the role of circulating plasma EVs in intercellular and systems-level communication between tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste K Carberry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren E Koval
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexis Payton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hadley Hartwell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gregory J Smith
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David M Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Goenka A, Tiek DM, Song X, Iglesia RP, Lu M, Hu B, Cheng SY. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Glioma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2031. [PMID: 36009578 PMCID: PMC9405925 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, research in cancer biology has been focused on the protein-coding fraction of the human genome. However, with the discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), it has become known that these entities not only function in numerous fundamental life processes such as growth, differentiation, and development, but also play critical roles in a wide spectrum of human diseases, including cancer. Dysregulated ncRNA expression is found to affect cancer initiation, progression, and therapy resistance, through transcriptional, post-transcriptional, or epigenetic processes in the cell. In this review, we focus on the recent development and advances in ncRNA biology that are pertinent to their role in glioma tumorigenesis and therapy response. Gliomas are common, and are the most aggressive type of primary tumors, which account for ~30% of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Of these, glioblastoma (GBM), which are grade IV tumors, are the most lethal brain tumors. Only 5% of GBM patients survive beyond five years upon diagnosis. Hence, a deeper understanding of the cellular non-coding transcriptome might help identify biomarkers and therapeutic agents for a better treatment of glioma. Here, we delve into the functional roles of microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) in glioma tumorigenesis, discuss the function of their extracellular counterparts, and highlight their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Goenka
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Deanna Marie Tiek
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiao Song
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rebeca Piatniczka Iglesia
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Minghui Lu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Master of Biotechnology Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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