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Trsan T, Peng V, Krishna C, Ohara TE, Beatty WL, Sudan R, Kanai M, Krishnamoorthy P, Rodrigues PF, Fachi JL, Grajales-Reyes G, Jaeger N, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Cella M, Gilfillan S, Nakata T, Jaiswal A, Stappenbeck TS, Daly MJ, Xavier RJ, Colonna M. The centrosomal protein FGFR1OP controls myosin function in murine intestinal epithelial cells. Dev Cell 2024; 59:2460-2476.e10. [PMID: 38942017 PMCID: PMC11421975 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in human genetics have shed light on the genetic factors contributing to inflammatory diseases, particularly Crohn's disease (CD), a prominent form of inflammatory bowel disease. Certain risk genes associated with CD directly influence cytokine biology and cell-specific communication networks. Current CD therapies primarily rely on anti-inflammatory drugs, which are inconsistently effective and lack strategies for promoting epithelial restoration and mucosal balance. To understand CD's underlying mechanisms, we investigated the link between CD and the FGFR1OP gene, which encodes a centrosome protein. FGFR1OP deletion in mouse intestinal epithelial cells disrupted crypt architecture, resulting in crypt loss, inflammation, and fatality. FGFR1OP insufficiency hindered epithelial resilience during colitis. FGFR1OP was crucial for preserving non-muscle myosin II activity, ensuring the integrity of the actomyosin cytoskeleton and crypt cell adhesion. This role of FGFR1OP suggests that its deficiency in genetically predisposed individuals may reduce epithelial renewal capacity, heightening susceptibility to inflammation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Trsan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vincent Peng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chirag Krishna
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Takahiro E Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wandy L Beatty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Raki Sudan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Praveen Krishnamoorthy
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Jose L Fachi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary Grajales-Reyes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Natalia Jaeger
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Departments of Cell Biology & Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Toru Nakata
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alok Jaiswal
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Kim K, Oh N, Kim H, Roh S. Y-27632 enables long-term expansion of mouse submandibular gland epithelial cells via inactivation of TGF-β1/CTGF/p38 and ROCK2/JNK signaling pathway. J Oral Biosci 2024:S1349-0079(24)00195-6. [PMID: 39222911 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of Y-27632 on the long-term maintainence of mouse submandibular epithelial cells (SG-Epis) in vitro and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The role of the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 in maintaining SG-Epis and its underlying mechanisms were evaluated by examining the in vitro expansion of mouse SG-Epis. Changes in key cellular characteristics, such as proliferation, long-term expansion, and mRNA and protein expression, were assessed in the presence or absence of Y-27632. RESULTS Treatment with Y-27632 significantly enhanced the proliferative potential of SG-Epis, preserving Krt8 and Krt14 expression over 17 passages. In the absence of Y-27632, SG-Epis lost their epithelial morphology. However, Y-27632 treatment maintained the epithelial morphology and downregulated mRNA levels of Tgf-β1, Ctgf, and Rock2. Treatment with TGF-β1 indicated that TGF-β/CTGF/p38 signaling is responsible for the maintenance of SG-Epis, while RNA interference studies revealed that ROCK2/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling is also crucial for SG-Epis proliferation and maintenance. CONCLUSIONS The TGF-β1/CTGF/p38 and ROCK2/JNK signaling pathways are responsible for SG-Epis proliferation, and Y-27632 treatment effectively inactivates these pathways, enabling long-term in vitro maintenance of SG-Epis. The culture method utilizing Y-27632 provides an effective approach for the in vitro expansion of SG-Epis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichul Kim
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Naeun Oh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Connors CQ, Mauro MS, Wiles JT, Countryman AD, Martin SL, Lacroix B, Shirasu-Hiza M, Dumont J, Kasza KE, Davies TR, Canman JC. Germ fate determinants protect germ precursor cell division by reducing septin and anillin levels at the cell division plane. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar94. [PMID: 38696255 PMCID: PMC11244169 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-02-0096-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal cell cytokinesis, or the physical division of one cell into two, is thought to be driven by constriction of an actomyosin contractile ring at the division plane. The mechanisms underlying cell type-specific differences in cytokinesis remain unknown. Germ cells are totipotent cells that pass genetic information to the next generation. Previously, using formincyk-1(ts) mutant Caenorhabditis elegans 4-cell embryos, we found that the P2 germ precursor cell is protected from cytokinesis failure and can divide with greatly reduced F-actin levels at the cell division plane. Here, we identified two canonical germ fate determinants required for P2-specific cytokinetic protection: PIE-1 and POS-1. Neither has been implicated previously in cytokinesis. These germ fate determinants protect P2 cytokinesis by reducing the accumulation of septinUNC-59 and anillinANI-1 at the division plane, which here act as negative regulators of cytokinesis. These findings may provide insight into the regulation of cytokinesis in other cell types, especially in stem cells with high potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Q. Connors
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Michael S. Mauro
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - J. Tristian Wiles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | | | - Sophia L. Martin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Benjamin Lacroix
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
- Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, UMR 5237 Montpellier, France
| | - Mimi Shirasu-Hiza
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Julien Dumont
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Karen E. Kasza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Timothy R. Davies
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Julie C. Canman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
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Watanabe T, Yasuda S, Kusakawa S, Kuroda T, Furukawa H, Futamura M, Shimizu S, Morishita A, Hata S, Koeda A, Komatsu K, Sato Y. Multisite studies for optimization of a highly efficient culture assay used for in vitro detection of residual undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells intermingled in cell therapy products. Regen Ther 2024; 26:315-323. [PMID: 38983832 PMCID: PMC11231703 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction MEASURE2 (Multisite Evaluation Study on Analytical Methods for Non-clinical Safety Assessment of HUman-derived REgenerative Medical Products 2) is a Japanese experimental public-private partnership initiative that aims to standardize testing methods for tumorigenicity evaluation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cell therapy products (CTPs). MEASURE2 organized multisite studies to optimize the methodology of the highly efficient culture (HEC) assay, a sensitive culture-based in vitro assay for detecting residual undifferentiated hPSCs in CTPs. Methods In these multisite studies, 1) the efficiency of colony formation by human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) under two different culture conditions and 2) the sorting efficiency of microbeads conjugated to various anti-hPSC markers during hiPSC enrichment were evaluated using samples in which hiPSCs were spiked into hiPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Results The efficiency of colony formation was significantly higher under culture conditions with the combination of Chroman 1, Emricasan, Polyamines, and Trans-ISRIB (CEPT) than with Y-27632, which is widely used for the survival of hPSCs. Between-laboratory variance was also smaller under the condition with CEPT than with Y-27632. The sorting efficiency of microbeads conjugated with the anti-Tra-1-60 antibody was sufficiently higher (>80%) than those of the other various microbeads investigated. Conclusions Results of these multisite studies are expected to contribute to improvements in the sensitivity and robustness of the HEC assay, as well as to the future standardization of the tumorigenicity risk assessment of hPSC-derived CTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Watanabe
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Kusakawa
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Kuroda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hatsue Furukawa
- Safety Business Unit, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Futamura
- Drug Discovery Support Division, Tsukuba Research Institute, BoZo Research Center Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Shimizu
- CMIC Bioresearch Center, CMIC Pharma Science Co., Ltd., Yamanashi, Japan
| | | | | | - Akiko Koeda
- Research Administration Department, Ina Research Inc., Nagano, Japan
| | - Kana Komatsu
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Ina Research Inc., Nagano, Japan
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
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Hang C, Moawad MS, Lin Z, Guo H, Xiong H, Zhang M, Lu R, Liu J, Shi D, Xie D, Liu Y, Liang D, Chen YH, Yang J. Biosafe cerium oxide nanozymes protect human pluripotent stem cells and cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:132. [PMID: 38532378 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have the highest mortality worldwide. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and their cardiomyocyte derivatives (hPSC-CMs) offer a valuable resource for disease modeling, pharmacological screening, and regenerative therapy. While most CVDs are linked to significant over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the effects of current antioxidants targeting excessive ROS are limited. Nanotechnology is a powerful tool to develop antioxidants with improved selectivity, solubility, and bioavailability to prevent or treat various diseases related to oxidative stress. Cerium oxide nanozymes (CeONZs) can effectively scavenge excessive ROS by mimicking the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. This study aimed to assess the nanotoxicity of CeONZs and their potential antioxidant benefits in stressed human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and their derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs). RESULTS CeONZs demonstrated reliable nanosafety and biocompatibility in hESCs and hESC-CMs within a broad range of concentrations. CeONZs exhibited protective effects on the cell viability of hESCs and hESC-CMs by alleviating excessive ROS-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, CeONZs protected hESC-CMs from doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity and partially ameliorated the insults from DOX in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). Furthermore, during hESCs culture, CeONZs were found to reduce ROS, decrease apoptosis, and enhance cell survival without affecting their self-renewal and differentiation potential. CONCLUSIONS CeONZs displayed good safety and biocompatibility, as well as enhanced the cell viability of hESCs and hESC-CMs by shielding them from oxidative damage. These promising results suggest that CeONZs may be crucial, as a safe nanoantioxidant, to potentially improve the therapeutic efficacy of CVDs and be incorporated into regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwen Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mohamed S Moawad
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 3725005, Egypt.
| | - Zheyi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Huixin Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mingshuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Renhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Duanyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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李 洋, 徐 佳, 姜 诚, 陈 子, 陈 颖, 应 梦, 王 澳, 马 彩, 王 春, 郭 俣, 刘 长. [Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 promotes survival of human induced pluripotent stem cells during differentiation into functional midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cells in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:236-243. [PMID: 38501408 PMCID: PMC10954535 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.02.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve the efficiency of induced differentiation of primitive neural epithelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs-NECs) into functional midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cells (DAPs). METHODS HiPSCs were cultured in mTeSRTM medium containing DMH1 (10 μmol/L), SB431542 (10 μmol/L), SHH (200 ng/mL), FGF8 (100 ng/mL), purmorphamine (2 μmol/L), CHIR99021 (3 μmol/L), and N2 (1%) for 12 days to induce their differentiation into primitive neuroepithelial cells (NECs). The hiPSCs-NECs were digested with collagenase Ⅳ and then cultured in neurobasal medium supplemented with 1% N2, 2% B27-A, BDNF (10 ng/mL), GDNF (10 ng/mL), AA, TGF-β, cAMP, and 1% GlutaMax in the presence of different concentrations of Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632, and the culture medium was changed the next day to remove Y27632. Continuous induction was performed until day 28 to obtain DAPs. RESULTS Human iPSCs expressed the pluripotency markers OCT4, SOX2, Nanog, and SSEA1 and were positive for alkaline phosphatase staining. The hiPSCs-NECs were obtained on day 13 in the form of neural rosettes expressing neuroepithelial markers SOX2, nestin, and PAX6. In digested hiPSCs-NECs, the addition of 5 μmol/L Y27632 significantly promoted survival of the adherent cells, increased cell viability and the proportion of S-phase cells (P < 0.01), and reduced the rate of apoptotic cells (P < 0.05). On day 28 of induction, the obtained cells highly expressed the specific markers of DAPS (TH, FOXA2, NURR1, and Tuj1). CONCLUSION Treatment with Y27632 (5 μmol/L) for 24 h significantly promotes the survival of human iPSCs-NECs during their differentiation into DPAs without affecting the cell differentiation, which indirectly enhances the efficiency of cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- 洋洋 李
- 蚌埠医科大学安徽省神经再生技术与医用新材料工程研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233000Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 佳佳 徐
- 蚌埠医科大学安徽省神经再生技术与医用新材料工程研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233000Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 诚诚 姜
- 蚌埠医科大学安徽省神经再生技术与医用新材料工程研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233000Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 子龙 陈
- 蚌埠医科大学安徽省神经再生技术与医用新材料工程研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233000Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 颖 陈
- 蚌埠医科大学安徽省神经再生技术与医用新材料工程研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233000Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 梦娇 应
- 蚌埠医科大学安徽省神经再生技术与医用新材料工程研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233000Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 澳 王
- 蚌埠医科大学生命科学学院,安徽 蚌埠 233000School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 彩云 马
- 蚌埠医科大学安徽省神经再生技术与医用新材料工程研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233000Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 春景 王
- 蚌埠医科大学安徽省神经再生技术与医用新材料工程研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233000Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 俣 郭
- 蚌埠医科大学生命科学学院,安徽 蚌埠 233000School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - 长青 刘
- 蚌埠医科大学安徽省神经再生技术与医用新材料工程研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233000Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
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7
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Namipashaki A, Pugsley K, Liu X, Abrehart K, Lim SM, Sun G, Herold MJ, Polo JM, Bellgrove MA, Hawi Z. Integration of xeno-free single-cell cloning in CRISPR-mediated DNA editing of human iPSCs improves homogeneity and methodological efficiency of cellular disease modeling. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2515-2527. [PMID: 37977144 PMCID: PMC10724053 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The capability to generate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines, in tandem with CRISPR-Cas9 DNA editing, offers great promise to understand the underlying genetic mechanisms of human disease. The low efficiency of available methods for homogeneous expansion of singularized CRISPR-transfected iPSCs necessitates the coculture of transfected cells in mixed populations and/or on feeder layers. Consequently, edited cells must be purified using labor-intensive screening and selection, culminating in inefficient editing. Here, we provide a xeno-free method for single-cell cloning of CRISPRed iPSCs achieving a clonal survival of up to 70% within 7-10 days. This is accomplished through improved viability of the transfected cells, paralleled with provision of an enriched environment for the robust establishment and proliferation of singularized iPSC clones. Enhanced cell survival was accompanied by a high transfection efficiency exceeding 97%, and editing efficiencies of 50%-65% for NHEJ and 10% for HDR, indicative of the method's utility in stem cell disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Namipashaki
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kealan Pugsley
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kirra Abrehart
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sue Mei Lim
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Guizhi Sun
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Adelaide Centre for Epigenetics and the South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ziarih Hawi
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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8
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Connors CQ, Mauro MS, Tristian Wiles J, Countryman AD, Martin SL, Lacroix B, Shirasu-Hiza M, Dumont J, Kasza KE, Davies TR, Canman JC. Germ fate determinants protect germ precursor cell division by restricting septin and anillin levels at the division plane. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.17.566773. [PMID: 38014027 PMCID: PMC10680835 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.566773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Animal cell cytokinesis, or the physical division of one cell into two, is thought to be driven by constriction of an actomyosin contractile ring at the division plane. The mechanisms underlying cell type-specific differences in cytokinesis remain unknown. Germ cells are totipotent cells that pass genetic information to the next generation. Previously, using formin cyk-1 (ts) mutant C. elegans embryos, we found that the P2 germ precursor cell is protected from cytokinesis failure and can divide without detectable F-actin at the division plane. Here, we identified two canonical germ fate determinants required for P2-specific cytokinetic protection: PIE-1 and POS-1. Neither has been implicated previously in cytokinesis. These germ fate determinants protect P2 cytokinesis by reducing the accumulation of septin UNC-59 and anillin ANI-1 at the division plane, which here act as negative regulators of cytokinesis. These findings may provide insight into cytokinetic regulation in other cell types, especially in stem cells with high potency.
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9
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Matsui K, Yamanaka S, Chen S, Matsumoto N, Morimoto K, Kinoshita Y, Inage Y, Saito Y, Takamura T, Fujimoto T, Tajiri S, Matsumoto K, Kobayashi E, Yokoo T. Long-term viable chimeric nephrons generated from progenitor cells are a reliable model in cisplatin-induced toxicity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1097. [PMID: 37898693 PMCID: PMC10613230 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney organoids have shown promise as evaluation tools, but their in vitro maturity remains limited. Transplantation into adult mice has aided in maturation; however, their lack of urinary tract connection limits long-term viability. Thus, long-term viable generated nephrons have not been demonstrated. In this study, we present an approachable method in which mouse and rat renal progenitor cells are injected into the developing kidneys of neonatal mice, resulting in the generation of chimeric nephrons integrated with the host urinary tracts. These chimeric nephrons exhibit similar maturation to the host nephrons, long-term viability with excretion and reabsorption functions, and cisplatin-induced renal injury in both acute and chronic phases, as confirmed by single-cell RNA-sequencing. Additionally, induced human nephron progenitor cells differentiate into nephrons within the neonatal kidneys. Collectively, neonatal injection represents a promising approach for in vivo nephron generation, with potential applications in kidney regeneration, drug screening, and pathological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Matsui
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Yamanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Sandy Chen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Naoto Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Keita Morimoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kinoshita
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Yuka Inage
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yatsumu Saito
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takamura
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Toshinari Fujimoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Susumu Tajiri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kei Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Kidney Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
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10
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Ge C, Selvaganapathy PR, Geng F. Advancing our understanding of bioreactors for industrial-sized cell culture: health care and cellular agriculture implications. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C580-C591. [PMID: 37486066 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00408.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Bioreactors are advanced biomanufacturing tools that have been widely used to develop various applications in the fields of health care and cellular agriculture. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of bioreactors to enhance the efficiency and scalability of these technologies. In cell therapy, bioreactors have been used to expand and differentiate cells into specialized cell types that can be used for transplantation or tissue regeneration. In cultured meat production, bioreactors offer a controlled and efficient means of producing meat without the need for animal farming. Bioreactors can support the growth of muscle cells by providing the necessary conditions for cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation, including the provision of oxygen and nutrients. This review article aims to provide an overview of the current state of bioreactor technology in both cell therapy and cultured meat production. It will examine the various bioreactor types and their applications in these fields, highlighting their advantages and limitations. In addition, it will explore the future prospects and challenges of bioreactor technology in these emerging fields. Overall, this review will provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners interested in using bioreactor technology to develop innovative solutions in the biomanufacturing of therapeutic cells and cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ge
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Fei Geng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Witkowski TA, Li B, Andersen JG, Kumar B, Mroz EA, Rocco JW. Y-27632 acts beyond ROCK inhibition to maintain epidermal stem-like cells in culture. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260990. [PMID: 37698512 PMCID: PMC10508688 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditional reprogramming is a cell culture technique that effectively immortalizes epithelial cells with normal genotypes by renewing epidermal stem cells. Y-27632, a compound that promotes conditional reprogramming through an unknown mechanism, was developed to inhibit the two Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) isoforms. We used human foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs) to study the role of Y-27632 in conditional reprogramming and learn how ROCKs control epidermal stem cell renewal. In conditional reprogramming, Y-27632 increased HFK adherence to culture dishes, progression through S, G2 and M phases of the cell cycle, and epidermal stem cell marker levels. Although this correlated with ROCK inhibition by Y-27632, we generated CRISPR-Cas9-mediated HFK ROCK knockouts to test the direct role of ROCK inhibition. Knockout of single ROCK isoforms was insufficient to disrupt ROCK activity or promote HFK propagation without Y-27632. Although ROCK activity was reduced, HFKs with double knockout of ROCK1 and ROCK2 still required Y-27632 to propagate. Y-27632 was the most effective among the ROCK inhibitors we tested at promoting HFK proliferation and epidermal stem cell marker expression. Thus, the ability of Y-27632 to promote an epidermal stem cell state in conditional reprogramming not only depends upon ROCK inhibition but also acts via as-yet-unidentified mechanisms. Epidermal stem cell renewal might in part be regulated by ROCKs, but also involves additional pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis A. Witkowski
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jason G. Andersen
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bhavna Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Edmund A. Mroz
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - James W. Rocco
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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12
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Darwish T, Swaidan NT, Emara MM. Stress Factors as Possible Regulators of Pluripotent Stem Cell Survival and Differentiation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1119. [PMID: 37627003 PMCID: PMC10452095 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, extensive research efforts have been directed toward pluripotent stem cells, primarily due to their remarkable capacity for pluripotency. This unique attribute empowers these cells to undergo self-renewal and differentiate into various cell types originating from the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm germ layers. The delicate balance and precise regulation of self-renewal and differentiation are essential for the survival and functionality of these cells. Notably, exposure to specific environmental stressors can activate numerous transcription factors, initiating a diverse array of stress response pathways. These pathways play pivotal roles in regulating gene expression and protein synthesis, ultimately aiming to preserve cell survival and maintain cellular functions. Reactive oxygen species, heat shock, hypoxia, osmotic stress, DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mechanical stress are among the examples of such stressors. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the impact of environmental stressors on the growth of embryonic cells. Furthermore, we provide a summary of the distinct stress response pathways triggered when pluripotent stem cells are exposed to different environmental stressors. Additionally, we highlight recent discoveries regarding the role of such stressors in the generation, differentiation, and self-renewal of induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed M. Emara
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar
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13
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Ma H, Wang C, Liang S, Yu X, Yuan Y, Lv Z, Zhang J, Jin C, Zhu J, Wang C, Sun P, Li W. ROCK inhibition enhanced hepatocyte liver engraftment by retaining membrane CD59 and attenuating complement activation. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1846-1856. [PMID: 36860134 PMCID: PMC10277888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte transplantation can be an effective treatment for patients with certain liver-based metabolic disorders and liver injuries. Hepatocytes are usually infused into the portal vein, from which hepatocytes migrate into the liver and integrate into the liver parenchyma. However, early cell loss and poor liver engraftment represent major hurdles to sustaining the recovery of diseased livers after transplantation. In the present study, we found that ROCK (Rho-associated kinase) inhibitors significantly enhanced in vivo hepatocyte engraftment. Mechanistic studies suggested that the isolation of hepatocytes caused substantial degradation of cell membrane proteins, including the complement inhibitor CD59, probably due to shear stress-induced endocytosis. ROCK inhibition by ripasudil, a clinically used ROCK inhibitor, can protect transplanted hepatocytes by retaining cell membrane CD59 and blocking the formation of the membrane attack complex. Knockdown of CD59 in hepatocytes eliminates ROCK inhibition-enhanced hepatocyte engraftment. Ripasudil can accelerate liver repopulation of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase-deficient mice. Our work reveals a mechanism underlying hepatocyte loss after transplantation and provides immediate strategies to enhance hepatocyte engraftment by inhibiting ROCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxin Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shulong Liang
- Department of Cell Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinlu Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhuanman Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiqianzhu Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Caixia Jin
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiangbo Zhu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pingxin Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenlin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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14
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Li L, Wu J, Lyon CJ, Jiang L, Hu TY. Clinical Peptidomics: Advances in Instrumentation, Analyses, and Applications. BME FRONTIERS 2023; 4:0019. [PMID: 37849662 PMCID: PMC10521655 DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive effort has been devoted to the discovery, development, and validation of biomarkers for early disease diagnosis and prognosis as well as rapid evaluation of the response to therapeutic interventions. Genomic and transcriptomic profiling are well-established means to identify disease-associated biomarkers. However, analysis of disease-associated peptidomes can also identify novel peptide biomarkers or signatures that provide sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic information for specific malignant, chronic, and infectious diseases. Growing evidence also suggests that peptidomic changes in liquid biopsies may more effectively detect changes in disease pathophysiology than other molecular methods. Knowledge gained from peptide-based diagnostic, therapeutic, and imaging approaches has led to promising new theranostic applications that can increase their bioavailability in target tissues at reduced doses to decrease side effects and improve treatment responses. However, despite major advances, multiple factors can still affect the utility of peptidomic data. This review summarizes several remaining challenges that affect peptide biomarker discovery and their use as diagnostics, with a focus on technological advances that can improve the detection, identification, and monitoring of peptide biomarkers for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin, China
| | - Christopher J. Lyon
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Tony Y. Hu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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15
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Zhang Y, Yi Y, Xiao X, Hu L, Xu J, Zheng D, Koc HC, Chan UI, Meng Y, Lu L, Liu W, Xu X, Shao N, Cheung ECW, Xu RH, Chen G. Definitive Endodermal Cells Supply an in vitro Source of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:476. [PMID: 37127734 PMCID: PMC10151361 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/Stromal cells (MSCs) have great therapeutic potentials, and they have been isolated from various tissues and organs including definitive endoderm (DE) organs, such as the lung, liver and intestine. MSCs have been induced from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) through multiple embryonic lineages, including the mesoderm, neural crest, and extraembryonic cells. However, it remains unclear whether hPSCs could give rise to MSCs in vitro through the endodermal lineage. Here, we report that hPSC-derived, SOX17+ definitive endoderm progenitors can further differentiate to cells expressing classic MSC markers, which we name definitive endoderm-derived MSCs (DE-MSCs). Single cell RNA sequencing demonstrates the stepwise emergence of DE-MSCs, while endoderm-specific gene expression can be elevated by signaling modulation. DE-MSCs display multipotency and immunomodulatory activity in vitro and possess therapeutic effects in a mouse ulcerative colitis model. This study reveals that, in addition to the other germ layers, the definitive endoderm can also contribute to MSCs and DE-MSCs could be a cell source for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ye Yi
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Dejin Zheng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ho Cheng Koc
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Un In Chan
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ya Meng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Biological Imaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ningyi Shao
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Edwin Chong Wing Cheung
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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16
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Yoo DH, Im YS, Oh JY, Gil D, Kim YO. DUSP6 is a memory retention feedback regulator of ERK signaling for cellular resilience of human pluripotent stem cells in response to dissociation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5683. [PMID: 37029196 PMCID: PMC10082014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultured human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) grow as colonies that require breakdown into small clumps for further propagation. Although cell death mechanism by single-cell dissociation of hPSCs has been well defined, how hPSCs respond to the deadly stimulus and recover the original status remains unclear. Here we show that dissociation of hPSCs immediately activates ERK, which subsequently activates RSK and induces DUSP6, an ERK-specific phosphatase. Although the activation is transient, DUSP6 expression persists days after passaging. DUSP6 depletion using the CRISPR/Cas9 system reveals that DUSP6 suppresses the ERK activity over the long term. Elevated ERK activity by DUSP6 depletion increases both viability of hPSCs after single-cell dissociation and differentiation propensity towards mesoderm and endoderm lineages. These findings provide new insights into how hPSCs respond to dissociation in order to maintain pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hoon Yoo
- Division of Intractable Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sam Im
- Division of Intractable Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Oh
- Division of Intractable Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeon Gil
- Division of Intractable Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ou Kim
- Division of Intractable Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea.
- Center for National Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine 202, Osongsaengmyung 2-Ro, Heundeok-Gu, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-Do, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Watanabe T, Yasuda S, Chen CL, Delsing L, Fellows MD, Foldes G, Kusakawa S, Mouriès LP, Sato Y. International evaluation study of a highly efficient culture assay for detection of residual human pluripotent stem cells in cell therapies. Regen Med 2023; 18:219-227. [PMID: 36852420 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim & methods: The Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Cell Therapy-TRAcking, Circulation & Safety Technical Committee launched an international, multisite study to evaluate the sensitivity and reproducibility of the highly efficient culture (HEC) assay, an in vitro assay to detect residual undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in cell therapy products. Results: All facilities detected colonies of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) when five hiPSCs were spiked into 1 million hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Spiking with a trace amount of hiPSCs revealed that repeatability accounts for the majority of reproducibility while the true positive rate was high. Conclusion: The results indicate that the HEC assay is highly sensitive and robust and can be generally applicable for tumorigenicity evaluation of hPSC-derived cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Watanabe
- Drug Safety Research & Evaluation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Connie L Chen
- Health & Environmental Sciences Institute, 740 Fifteenth Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Louise Delsing
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43150, Sweden
| | - Mick D Fellows
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Darwin Building 310, Milton Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 OWG, UK
| | - Gabor Foldes
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W120NN, UK.,Current address, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Shinji Kusakawa
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Lucilia Pereira Mouriès
- Health & Environmental Sciences Institute, 740 Fifteenth Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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18
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Goh SK, Bertera S, Richardson T, Banerjee I. Repopulation of decellularized organ scaffolds with human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitor cells. Biomed Mater 2023; 18. [PMID: 36720168 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acb7bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is an emerging global epidemic that affects more that 285 million people worldwide. Engineering of endocrine pancreas tissue holds great promise for the future of diabetes therapy. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of re-engineering decellularized organ scaffolds using regenerative cell source. We differentiated human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) toward pancreatic progenitor (PP) lineage and repopulated decellularized organ scaffolds with these hPSC-PP cells. We observed that hPSCs cultured and differentiated as aggregates are more suitable for organ repopulation than isolated single cell suspension. However, recellularization with hPSC-PP aggregates require a more extensive vascular support, which was found to be superior in decellularized liver over the decellularized pancreas scaffolds. Upon continued culture for nine days with chemical induction in the bioreactor, the seeded hPSC-PP aggregates demonstrated extensive and uniform cellular repopulation and viability throughout the thickness of the liver scaffolds. Furthermore, the decellularized liver scaffolds was supportive of the endocrine cell fate of the engrafted cells. Our novel strategy to engineer endocrine pancreas construct is expected to find potential applications in preclinical testing, drug discovery and diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saik-Kia Goh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Bertera
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Richardson
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Ipsita Banerjee
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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19
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Huang D, Li Y, Ma Z, Lin H, Zhu X, Xiao Y, Zhang X. Collagen hydrogel viscoelasticity regulates MSC chondrogenesis in a ROCK-dependent manner. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade9497. [PMID: 36763657 PMCID: PMC9916999 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis in three-dimensional (3D) culture involves dynamic changes in cytoskeleton architecture during mesenchymal condensation before morphogenesis. However, the mechanism linking dynamic mechanical properties of matrix to cytoskeletal changes during chondrogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated how viscoelasticity, a time-dependent mechanical property of collagen hydrogel, coordinates MSC cytoskeleton changes at different stages of chondrogenesis. The viscoelasticity of collagen hydrogel was modulated by controlling the gelling process without chemical cross-linking. In slower-relaxing hydrogels, although a disordered cortical actin promoted early chondrogenic differentiation, persistent myosin hyperactivation resulted in Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-dependent apoptosis. Meanwhile, faster-relaxing hydrogels promoted cell-matrix interactions and eventually facilitated long-term chondrogenesis with mitigated myosin hyperactivation and cell apoptosis, similar to the effect of ROCK inhibitors. The current work not only reveals how matrix viscoelasticity coordinates MSC chondrogenesis and survival in a ROCK-dependent manner but also highlights viscoelasticity as a design parameter for biomaterials for chondrogenic 3D culture.
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20
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Tong Y, Cheng PSW, Or CS, Yue SSK, Siu HC, Ho SL, Law SYK, Tsui WY, Chan D, Ma S, Lee SP, Chan ASY, Chan AS, Yun SW, Hui HS, Yuen ST, Leung SY, Yan HHN. Escape from cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion dependence underscores disease progression in gastric cancer organoid models. Gut 2023; 72:242-255. [PMID: 35705367 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cell-cell (CC) and cell-matrix (CM) adhesions are essential for epithelial cell survival, yet dissociation-induced apoptosis is frequently circumvented in malignant cells. DESIGN We explored CC and CM dependence in 58 gastric cancer (GC) organoids by withdrawing either ROCK inhibitor, matrix or both to evaluate their tumorigenic potential in terms of apoptosis resistance, correlation with oncogenic driver mutations and clinical behaviour. We performed mechanistic studies to determine the role of diffuse-type GC drivers: ARHGAP fusions, RHOA and CDH1, in modulating CC (CCi) or CM (CMi) adhesion independence. RESULTS 97% of the tumour organoids were CMi, 66% were CCi and 52% were resistant to double withdrawal (CCi/CMi), while normal organoids were neither CMi nor CCi. Clinically, the CCi/CMi phenotype was associated with an infiltrative tumour edge and advanced tumour stage. Moreover, the CCi/CMi transcriptome signature was associated with poor patient survival when applied to three public GC datasets. CCi/CMi and CCi phenotypes were enriched in diffuse-type GC organoids, especially in those with oncogenic driver perturbation of RHO signalling via RHOA mutation or ARHGAP fusions. Inducible knockout of ARHGAP fusions in CCi/CMi tumour organoids led to resensitisation to CC/CM dissociation-induced apoptosis, upregulation of focal adhesion and tight junction genes, partial reversion to a more normal cystic phenotype and inhibited xenograft formation. Normal gastric organoids engineered with CDH1 or RHOA mutations became CMi or CCi, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The CCi/CMi phenotype has a critical role in malignant transformation and tumour progression, offering new mechanistic information on RHO-ROCK pathway inhibition that contributes to GC pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Tong
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Priscilla S W Cheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chung Sze Or
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sarah S K Yue
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoi Cheong Siu
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu Lun Ho
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Y K Law
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Yin Tsui
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dessy Chan
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu Po Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Annie S Y Chan
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - April S Chan
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shui Wa Yun
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Sang Hui
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu Tsan Yuen
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Pathology, St. Paul's Hospital, No. 2, Eastern Hosptial Road, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suet Yi Leung
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China .,Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.,The Jockey Club Centre for Clinical Innovation and Discovery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Helen H N Yan
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China .,Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
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21
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Tristan CA, Hong H, Jethmalani Y, Chen Y, Weber C, Chu PH, Ryu S, Jovanovic VM, Hur I, Voss TC, Simeonov A, Singeç I. Efficient and safe single-cell cloning of human pluripotent stem cells using the CEPT cocktail. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:58-80. [PMID: 36261632 PMCID: PMC11009857 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are inherently sensitive cells. Single-cell dissociation and the establishment of clonal cell lines have been long-standing challenges. This inefficiency of cell cloning represents a major obstacle for the standardization and streamlining of gene editing in induced pluripotent stem cells for basic and translational research. Here we describe a chemically defined protocol for robust single-cell cloning using microfluidics-based cell sorting in combination with the CEPT small-molecule cocktail. This advanced strategy promotes the viability and cell fitness of self-renewing stem cells. The use of low-pressure microfluidic cell dispensing ensures gentle and rapid dispensing of single cells into 96- and 384-well plates, while the fast-acting CEPT cocktail minimizes cellular stress and maintains cell structure and function immediately after cell dissociation. The protocol also facilitates clone picking and produces genetically stable clonal cell lines from hPSCs in a safe and cost-efficient fashion. Depending on the proliferation rate of the clone derived from a single cell, this protocol can be completed in 7-14 d and requires experience with aseptic cell culture techniques. Altogether, the relative ease, scalability and robustness of this workflow should boost gene editing in hPSCs and leverage a wide range of applications, including cell line development (e.g., reporter and isogenic cell lines), disease modeling and applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Tristan
- Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Hyenjong Hong
- Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yogita Jethmalani
- Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Claire Weber
- Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chu
- Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Seungmi Ryu
- Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Vukasin M Jovanovic
- Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Inae Hur
- Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ty C Voss
- Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ilyas Singeç
- Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.
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22
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Garcia-Cañadas M, Sanchez-Luque FJ, Sanchez L, Rojas J, Garcia Perez JL. LINE-1 Retrotransposition Assays in Embryonic Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2607:257-309. [PMID: 36449167 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2883-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing mobilization of active non-long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons continues to impact the genomes of most mammals, including humans and rodents. Non-LTR retrotransposons mobilize using an intermediary RNA and a copy-and-paste mechanism termed retrotransposition. Non-LTR retrotransposons are subdivided into long and short interspersed elements (LINEs and SINEs, respectively), depending on their size and autonomy; while active class 1 LINEs (LINE-1s or L1s) encode the enzymatic machinery required to mobilize in cis, active SINEs use the enzymatic machinery of active LINE-1s to mobilize in trans. The mobilization mechanism used by LINE-1s/SINEs was exploited to develop ingenious plasmid-based retrotransposition assays in cultured cells, which typically exploit a reporter gene that can only be activated after a round of retrotransposition. Retrotransposition assays, in cis or in trans, are instrumental tools to study the biology of mammalian LINE-1s and SINEs. In fact, these and other biochemical/genetic assays were used to uncover that endogenous mammalian LINE-1s/SINEs naturally retrotranspose during early embryonic development. However, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are typically used as a cellular model in these and other studies interrogating LINE-1/SINE expression/regulation during early embryogenesis. Thus, human and mouse ESCs represent an excellent model to understand how active retrotransposons are regulated and how their activity impacts the germline. Here, we describe robust and quantitative protocols to study human/mouse LINE-1 (in cis) and SINE (in trans) retrotransposition using (human and mice) ESCs. These protocols are designed to study the mobilization of active non-LTR retrotransposons in a cellular physiologically relevant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garcia-Cañadas
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Sanchez-Luque
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "Lopez-Neyra" (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Sanchez
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Johana Rojas
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose L Garcia Perez
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain.
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer (IGC)/University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Edinburgh, UK.
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23
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Thanuthanakhun N, Kim MH, Kino-oka M. Cell Behavioral Dynamics as a Cue in Optimizing Culture Stabilization in the Bioprocessing of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:669. [PMID: 36354580 PMCID: PMC9687444 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are important for future regenerative medicine therapies. However, in the production of PSCs and derivatives, the control of culture-induced fluctuations in the outcome of cell quality remains challenging. A detailed mechanistic understanding of how PSC behaviors are altered in response to biomechanical microenvironments within a culture is necessary for rational bioprocessing optimization. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the role of cell behavioral and mechanical homeostasis in modulating the states and functions of PSCs during culture processes. We delineate promising ways to manipulate the culture variability through regulating cell behaviors using currently developed tools. Furthermore, we anticipate their potential implementation for designing a culture strategy based on the concept of Waddington's epigenetic landscape that may provide a feasible solution for tuning the culture quality and stability in the bioprocessing space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruchit Thanuthanakhun
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mee-Hae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kino-oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Research Base for Cell Manufacturability, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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24
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Lyra-Leite DM, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Ó, Wang M, Zhou Y, Cyganek L, Burridge PW. A review of protocols for human iPSC culture, cardiac differentiation, subtype-specification, maturation, and direct reprogramming. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101560. [PMID: 36035804 PMCID: PMC9405110 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The methods for the culture and cardiomyocyte differentiation of human embryonic stem cells, and later human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), have moved from a complex and uncontrolled systems to simplified and relatively robust protocols, using the knowledge and cues gathered at each step. HiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes have proven to be a useful tool in human disease modelling, drug discovery, developmental biology, and regenerative medicine. In this protocol review, we will highlight the evolution of protocols associated with hPSC culture, cardiomyocyte differentiation, sub-type specification, and cardiomyocyte maturation. We also discuss protocols for somatic cell direct reprogramming to cardiomyocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi M Lyra-Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Óscar Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
- Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Meimei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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25
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Alsobaie S, Alsobaie T, Mantalaris S. Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibitor and Hypoxia Synergistically Enhance the Self-Renewal, Survival Rate, and Proliferation of Human Stem Cells. STEM CELLS AND CLONING: ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 15:43-52. [PMID: 35812359 PMCID: PMC9259205 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s365776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction High-efficacy single-cell cloning of human-induced pluripotent cells (IPSCs) remains a major challenge. The development of a culture method that supports single-cell passaging while maintaining reproducibility, homogeneity, scalability, and cell expansion to clinically relevant numbers is necessary for clinical application. Methods To address this issue, we combined the use of the rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 and hypoxic conditions in culture to produce a novel, efficient single-cell culture method for human IPSCs and embryonic stem cells. Results Through immunocytochemistry, alkaline phosphatase assays, and flow cytometry, we demonstrated that our method enabled high single-cell proliferation while maintaining self-renewal and pluripotency abilities. Discussion We showed the beneficial effect of the interaction between hypoxia and ROCK inhibition in regulating cell proliferation, pluripotency, and single-cell survival of pluripotent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alsobaie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Sarah Alsobaie, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, King Saud University, Prince Turki Alawal Street, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 507191011, Fax +966 114677580, Email
| | - Tamador Alsobaie
- Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sakis Mantalaris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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26
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Grigoryan EN. Self-Organization of the Retina during Eye Development, Retinal Regeneration In Vivo, and in Retinal 3D Organoids In Vitro. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1458. [PMID: 35740479 PMCID: PMC9221005 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-organization is a process that ensures histogenesis of the eye retina. This highly intricate phenomenon is not sufficiently studied due to its biological complexity and genetic heterogeneity. The review aims to summarize the existing central theories and ideas for a better understanding of retinal self-organization, as well as to address various practical problems of retinal biomedicine. The phenomenon of self-organization is discussed in the spatiotemporal context and illustrated by key findings during vertebrate retina development in vivo and retinal regeneration in amphibians in situ. Described also are histotypic 3D structures obtained from the disaggregated retinal progenitor cells of birds and retinal 3D organoids derived from the mouse and human pluripotent stem cells. The review highlights integral parts of retinal development in these conditions. On the cellular level, these include competence, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, cooperative movements, and migration. On the physical level, the focus is on the mechanical properties of cell- and cell layer-derived forces and on the molecular level on factors responsible for gene regulation, such as transcription factors, signaling molecules, and epigenetic changes. Finally, the self-organization phenomenon is discussed as a basis for the production of retinal organoids, a promising model for a wide range of basic scientific and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora N Grigoryan
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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27
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Liu S, Kanchanawong P. Emerging interplay of cytoskeletal architecture, cytomechanics and pluripotency. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275761. [PMID: 35726598 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are capable of differentiating into all three germ layers and trophoblasts, whereas tissue-specific adult stem cells have a more limited lineage potency. Although the importance of the cytoskeletal architecture and cytomechanical properties in adult stem cell differentiation have been widely appreciated, how they contribute to mechanotransduction in PSCs is less well understood. Here, we discuss recent insights into the interplay of cellular architecture, cell mechanics and the pluripotent states of PSCs. Notably, the distinctive cytomechanical and morphodynamic profiles of PSCs are accompanied by a number of unique molecular mechanisms. The extent to which such mechanobiological signatures are intertwined with pluripotency regulation remains an open question that may have important implications in developmental morphogenesis and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Liu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore
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28
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Teng T, Teng CS, Kaartinen V, Bush JO. A unique form of collective epithelial migration is crucial for tissue fusion in the secondary palate and can overcome loss of epithelial apoptosis. Development 2022; 149:275520. [PMID: 35593401 PMCID: PMC9188751 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue fusion frequently requires the removal of an epithelium that intervenes distinct primordia to form one continuous structure. In the mammalian secondary palate, a midline epithelial seam (MES) forms between two palatal shelves and must be removed to allow mesenchymal confluence. Abundant apoptosis and cell extrusion support their importance in MES removal. However, genetically disrupting the intrinsic apoptotic regulators BAX and BAK within the MES results in complete loss of cell death and cell extrusion, but successful removal of the MES. Novel static- and live-imaging approaches reveal that the MES is removed through streaming migration of epithelial trails and islands to reach the oral and nasal epithelial surfaces. Epithelial trail cells that express the basal epithelial marker ΔNp63 begin to express periderm markers, suggesting that migration is concomitant with differentiation. Live imaging reveals anisotropic actomyosin contractility within epithelial trails, and genetic ablation of actomyosin contractility results in dispersion of epithelial collectives and failure of normal MES migration. These findings demonstrate redundancy between cellular mechanisms of morphogenesis, and reveal a crucial and unique form of collective epithelial migration during tissue fusion. Summary: Multiple cellular processes mediate secondary palate fusion, including a unique form of streaming collective epithelial migration driven by pulsatile actomyosin contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Teng
- University of California San Francisco 1 Department of Cell and Tissue Biology , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- University of California San Francisco 2 Program in Craniofacial Biology , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco 3 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco 4 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
| | - Camilla S. Teng
- University of California San Francisco 1 Department of Cell and Tissue Biology , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- University of California San Francisco 2 Program in Craniofacial Biology , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco 3 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco 4 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry 5 Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences , , Ann Arbor, MI 48109 , USA
| | - Jeffrey O. Bush
- University of California San Francisco 1 Department of Cell and Tissue Biology , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- University of California San Francisco 2 Program in Craniofacial Biology , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco 3 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco 4 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
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29
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Di Minin G, Holzner M, Grison A, Dumeau CE, Chan W, Monfort A, Jerome-Majewska LA, Roelink H, Wutz A. TMED2 binding restricts SMO to the ER and Golgi compartments. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001596. [PMID: 35353806 PMCID: PMC9000059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (HH) signaling is important for embryonic pattering and stem cell differentiation. The G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (SMO) is the key HH signal transducer modulating both transcription-dependent and transcription-independent responses. We show that SMO protects naive mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from dissociation-induced cell death. We exploited this SMO dependency to perform a genetic screen in haploid ESCs where we identify the Golgi proteins TMED2 and TMED10 as factors for SMO regulation. Super-resolution microscopy shows that SMO is normally retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi compartments, and we demonstrate that TMED2 binds to SMO, preventing localization to the plasma membrane. Mutation of TMED2 allows SMO accumulation at the plasma membrane, recapitulating early events after HH stimulation. We demonstrate the physiologic relevance of this interaction in neural differentiation, where TMED2 functions to repress HH signal strength. Identification of TMED2 as a binder and upstream regulator of SMO opens the way for unraveling the events in the ER–Golgi leading to HH signaling activation. Hedgehog signals orchestrate tissue patterning by binding the receptor Patched and restricting the signal transducer Smoothened. A genetic screen reveals Tmed2 as a new interactor of Smoothened that is required for regulating Smoothened transport from the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi to the plasma membrane and hence modulating the strength of Hedgehog signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Di Minin
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Hönggerberg, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (GDM); (AW)
| | - Markus Holzner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Hönggerberg, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alice Grison
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charles E. Dumeau
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Hönggerberg, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wesley Chan
- Department Anatomy and Cell Biology, Human Genetics and McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Human Genetics and McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Asun Monfort
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Hönggerberg, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Loydie A. Jerome-Majewska
- Department Anatomy and Cell Biology, Human Genetics and McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Human Genetics and McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Henk Roelink
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Anton Wutz
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Hönggerberg, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (GDM); (AW)
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30
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Deng C, Zhang Z, Xu F, Xu J, Ren Z, Godoy-Parejo C, Xiao X, Liu W, Zhou Z, Chen G. Thyroid hormone enhances stem cell maintenance and promotes lineage-specific differentiation in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:120. [PMID: 35313973 PMCID: PMC8935725 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) is essential for embryogenesis and is commonly used during in vitro fertilization to ensure successful implantation. However, the regulatory mechanisms of T3 during early embryogenesis are largely unknown.
Method To study the impact of T3 on hPSCs, cell survival and growth were evaluated by measurement of cell growth curve, cloning efficiency, survival after passaging, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle status. Pluripotency was evaluated by RT-qPCR, immunostaining and FACS analysis of pluripotency markers. Metabolic status was analyzed using LC–MS/MS and Seahorse XF Cell Mito Stress Test. Global gene expression was analyzed using RNA-seq. To study the impact of T3 on lineage-specific differentiation, cells were subjected to T3 treatment during differentiation, and the outcome was evaluated using RT-qPCR, immunostaining and FACS analysis of lineage-specific markers. Results In this report, we use human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to show that T3 is beneficial for stem cell maintenance and promotes trophoblast differentiation. T3 enhances culture consistency by improving cell survival and passaging efficiency. It also modulates cellular metabolism and promotes energy production through oxidative phosphorylation. T3 helps maintain pluripotency by promoting ERK and SMAD2 signaling and reduces FGF2 dependence in chemically defined culture. Under BMP4 induction, T3 significantly enhances trophoblast differentiation. Conclusion In summary, our study reveals the impact of T3 on stem cell culture through signal transduction and metabolism and highlights its potential role in improving stem cell applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02799-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Deng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhaoying Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Faxiang Xu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhili Ren
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Carlos Godoy-Parejo
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China. .,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China. .,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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31
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Bellapianta A, Cetkovic A, Bolz M, Salti A. Retinal Organoids and Retinal Prostheses: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2922. [PMID: 35328339 PMCID: PMC8953078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress of modern medicine in the last decades, millions of people diagnosed with retinal dystrophies (RDs), such as retinitis pigmentosa, or age-related diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, are suffering from severe visual impairment or even legal blindness. On the one hand, the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the progress of three-dimensional (3D) retinal organoids (ROs) technology provide a great opportunity to study, understand, and even treat retinal diseases. On the other hand, research advances in the field of electronic retinal prosthesis using inorganic photovoltaic polymers and the emergence of organic semiconductors represent an encouraging therapeutical strategy to restore vision to patients at the late onset of the disease. This review will provide an overview of the latest advancement in both fields. We first describe the retina and the photoreceptors, briefly mention the most used RD animal models, then focus on the latest RO differentiation protocols, carry out an overview of the current technology on inorganic and organic retinal prostheses to restore vision, and finally summarize the potential utility and applications of ROs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ahmad Salti
- Center for Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic for Ophthalmology and Optometry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.B.); (A.C.); (M.B.)
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32
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Shimizu E, Iguchi H, Le MNT, Nakamura Y, Kobayashi D, Arai Y, Takakura K, Benno S, Yoshida N, Tsukahara M, Haneda S, Hasegawa K. A chemically-defined plastic scaffold for the xeno-free production of human pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2516. [PMID: 35169157 PMCID: PMC8847402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical use of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is hampered by the technical limitations of their expansion. Here, we developed a chemically synthetic culture substrate for human pluripotent stem cell attachment and maintenance. The substrate comprises a hydrophobic polyvinyl butyral-based polymer (PVB) and a short peptide that enables easy and uniform coating of various types of cell culture ware. The coated ware exhibited thermotolerance, underwater stability and could be stored at room temperature. The substrate supported hPSC expansion in combination with most commercial culture media with an efficiency similar to that of commercial substrates. It supported not only the long-term expansion of examined iPS and ES cell lines with normal karyotypes during their undifferentiated state but also directed differentiation of three germ layers. This substrate resolves major concerns associated with currently used recombinant protein substrates and could be applied in large-scale automated manufacturing; it is suitable for affordable and stable production of clinical-grade hPSCs and hPSC-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Shimizu
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- CiRA Foundation, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iguchi
- Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., 2-1 Hyakuyama, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-0021, Japan
| | - Minh Nguyen Tuyet Le
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakamura
- Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., 2-1 Hyakuyama, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-0021, Japan
| | - Daigo Kobayashi
- Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., 2-1 Hyakuyama, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-0021, Japan
| | - Yuhei Arai
- Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., 2-1 Hyakuyama, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-0021, Japan
| | - Kenta Takakura
- Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., 2-1 Hyakuyama, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-0021, Japan
| | - Seiko Benno
- Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., 2-1 Hyakuyama, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-0021, Japan
| | - Noriko Yoshida
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tsukahara
- CiRA Foundation, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Satoshi Haneda
- Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., 2-1 Hyakuyama, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-0021, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Hasegawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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33
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Hou Z, Hu C, Ke A, Zhang Y. Introducing Large Genomic Deletions in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using CRISPR-Cas3. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e361. [PMID: 35129865 PMCID: PMC8843033 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems provide researchers with eukaryotic genome editing tools and therapeutic platforms that make it possible to target disease mutations in somatic organs. Most of these tools employ Type II (e.g., Cas9) or Type V (e.g., Cas12a) CRISPR enzymes to create RNA-guided precise double-strand breaks in the genome. However, such technologies are limited in their capacity to make targeted large deletions. Recently, the Type I CRISPR system, which is prevalent in microbes and displays unique enzymatic features, has been harnessed to effectively create large chromosomal deletions in human cells. Type I CRISPR first uses a multisubunit ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex called Cascade to find its guide-complementary target site, and then recruits a helicase-nuclease enzyme, Cas3, to travel along and shred the target DNA over a long distance with high processivity. When introduced into human cells as purified RNPs, the CRISPR-Cas3 complex can efficiently induce large genomic deletions of varying lengths (1-100 kb) from the CRISPR-targeted site. Because of this unique editing outcome, CRISPR-Cas3 holds great promise for tasks such as the removal of integrated viral genomes and the interrogation of structural variants affecting gene function and human disease. Here, we provide detailed protocols for introducing large deletions using CRISPR-Cas3. We describe step-by-step procedures for purifying the Type I-E CRISPR proteins Cascade and Cas3 from Thermobifida fusca, electroporating RNPs into human cells, and characterizing DNA deletions using PCR and sequencing. We focus here on human pluripotent stem cells due to their clinical potential, but these protocols will be broadly useful for other cell lines and model organisms for applications including large genomic deletion, full-gene or -chromosome removal, and CRISPR screening for noncoding elements, among others. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Expression and purification of Tfu Cascade RNP Support Protocol 1: Expression and purification of TfuCas3 protein Support Protocol 2: Culture of human pluripotent stem cells Basic Protocol 2: Introduction of Tfu Cascade RNP and Cas3 protein into hPSCs via electroporation Basic Protocol 3: Characterization of genomic DNA lesions using long-range PCR, TOPO cloning, and Sanger sequencing Alternate Protocol: Comprehensive analysis of genomic lesions by Tn5-based next-generation sequencing Support Protocol 3: Single-cell clonal isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonggang Hou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Chunyi Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 253 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Ailong Ke
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 253 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA., Correspondence: (A.K.), (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA., Correspondence: (A.K.), (Y.Z.)
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34
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Ma HC, Zhu YJ, Zhou R, Yu YY, Xiao ZZ, Zhang HB. Lung cancer organoids, a promising model still with long way to go. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 171:103610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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35
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Lysophosphatidic acid shifts metabolic and transcriptional landscapes to induce a distinct cellular state in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110063. [PMID: 34852227 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can be maintained in a continuum of cellular states with distinct features. Exogenous lipid supplements can relieve the dependence on de novo lipogenesis and shift global metabolism. However, it is largely unexplored how specific lipid components regulate metabolism and subsequently the pluripotency state. In this study, we report that the metabolic landscape of human PSCs (hPSCs) is shifted by signaling lipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which naturally exists. LPA leads to a distinctive transcriptome profile that is not associated with de novo lipogenesis. Although exogenous lipids such as cholesterol, common free fatty acids, and LPA can affect cellular metabolism, they are not necessary for maintaining primed pluripotency. Instead, LPA induces distinct and reversible phenotypes in cell cycle, morphology, and mitochondria. This study reveals a distinct primed state that could be used to alter cell physiology in hPSCs for basic research and stem cell applications.
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36
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Bogacheva MS, Harjumäki R, Flander E, Taalas A, Bystriakova MA, Yliperttula M, Xiang X, Leung AW, Lou YR. Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Definitive Endoderm Cells in Various Flexible Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Systems: Possibilities and Limitations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:726499. [PMID: 34568336 PMCID: PMC8459831 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.726499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of human stem cell-derived spheroids and organoids represents a major step in solving numerous medical, pharmacological, and biological challenges. Due to the advantages of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems and the diverse applications of human pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived definitive endoderm (DE), we studied the influence of spheroid size and 3D cell culture systems on spheroid morphology and the effectiveness of DE differentiation as assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR), flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and computational modeling. Among the tested hydrogel-based 3D systems, we found that basement membrane extract (BME) hydrogel could not retain spheroid morphology due to dominant cell-matrix interactions. On the other hand, we found that nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) hydrogel could maintain spheroid morphology but impeded growth factor diffusion, thereby negatively affecting cell differentiation. In contrast, suspension culture provided sufficient mass transfer and was demonstrated by protein expression assays, morphological analyses, and mathematical modeling to be superior to the hydrogel-based systems. In addition, we found that spheroid size was reversely correlated with the effectiveness of DE formation. However, spheroids of insufficient sizes failed to retain 3D morphology during differentiation in all the studied culture conditions. We hereby demonstrate how the properties of a chosen biomaterial influence the differentiation process and the importance of spheroid size control for successful human iPSC differentiation. Our study provides critical parametric information for the generation of human DE-derived, tissue-specific organoids in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia S Bogacheva
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riina Harjumäki
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emilia Flander
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ara Taalas
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Margarita A Bystriakova
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Drug Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alan W Leung
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yan-Ru Lou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Drug Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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37
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Iworima DG, Rieck S, Kieffer TJ. Process parameter development for the scaled generation of stem cell-derived pancreatic endocrine cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1459-1469. [PMID: 34387389 PMCID: PMC8550703 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a debilitating disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. The global prevalence of this disease has been projected to reach 700 million adults by the year 2045. Type 1 diabetes represents about 10% of the reported cases of diabetes. Although islet transplantation can be a highly effective method to treat type 1 diabetes, its widespread application is limited by the paucity of cadaveric donor islets. The use of pluripotent stem cells as an unlimited cell source to generate insulin‐producing cells for implant is a promising alternative for treating diabetes. However, to be clinically relevant, it is necessary to manufacture these stem cell‐derived cells at sufficient scales. Significant advances have been made in differentiation protocols used to generate stem cell‐derived cells capable of reversing diabetes in animal models and for testing in clinical trials. We discuss the potential of both stem cell‐derived pancreatic progenitors and more matured insulin‐producing cells to treat diabetes. We discuss the need for rigorous bioprocess parameter optimization and identify some critical process parameters and strategies that may influence the critical quality attributes of the cells with the goal of facilitating scalable manufacturing of human pluripotent stem cell‐derived pancreatic endocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diepiriye G Iworima
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Timothy J Kieffer
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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38
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Vallone VF, Telugu NS, Fischer I, Miller D, Schommer S, Diecke S, Stachelscheid H. Methods for Automated Single Cell Isolation and Sub-Cloning of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 55:e123. [PMID: 32956572 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Advances in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) techniques have led them to become a widely used and powerful tool for a vast array of applications, including disease modeling, developmental studies, drug discovery and testing, and emerging cell-based therapies. hPSC workflows that require clonal expansion from single cells, such as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, face major challenges in terms of efficiency, cost, and precision. Classical sub-cloning approaches depend on limiting dilution and manual colony picking, which are both time-consuming and labor-intensive, and lack a real proof of clonality. Here we describe the application of three different automated cell isolation and dispensing devices that can enhance the single-cell cloning process for hPSCs. In combination with optimized cell culture conditions, these devices offer an attractive alternative compared to manual methods. We explore various aspects of each device system and define protocols for their practical application. Following the workflow described here, single cell-derived hPSC sub-clones from each system maintain pluripotency and genetic stability. Furthermore, the workflows can be applied to uncover karyotypic mosaicism prevalent in bulk hPSC cultures. Our robust automated workflow facilitates high-throughput hPSC clonal selection and expansion, urgently needed in the operational pipelines of hPSC applications. © 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol: Efficient automated hPSC single cell seeding and clonal expansion using the iotaSciences IsoCell platform Alternate Protocol 1: hPSC single cell seeding and clonal expansion using the Cellenion CellenONE single-cell dispenser Alternate Protocol 2: hPSC single cell seeding and clonal expansion using the Cytena single-cell dispenser Support Protocol 1: Coating cell culture plates with Geltrex Support Protocol 2: hPSC maintenance in defined feeder-free conditions Support Protocol 3: hPSC passaging in clumps Support Protocol 4: Laminin 521 coating of IsoCell plates and 96-well/384-well plates Support Protocol 5: Preparation of medium containing anti-apoptotic small molecules Support Protocol 6: 96- and 384-well target plate preparation prior to single cell seeding Support Protocol 7: Single cell dissociation of hPSCs Support Protocol 8: IsoCell-, CellenONE-, and Cytena-derived hPSC clone subculture and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Fernandez Vallone
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | - Narasimha Swamy Telugu
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Iris Fischer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | - Duncan Miller
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Schommer
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Diecke
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin, Germany
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Riggs MJ, Sheridan SD, Rao RR. ARHGDIA Confers Selective Advantage to Dissociated Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:705-713. [PMID: 34036793 PMCID: PMC8309423 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have generated significant interest in the scientific community based on their potential applications in regenerative medicine. However, numerous research groups have reported a propensity for genomic alterations during hPSC culture that poses concerns for basic research and clinical applications. Work from our laboratory and others has demonstrated that amplification of chromosomal regions is correlated with increased gene expression. To date, the phenotypic association of common genomic alterations remains unclear and is a cause for concern during clinical use. In this study, we focus on trisomy 17 and a list of candidate genes with increased gene expression to hypothesize that overexpressing 17q25 located ARHGDIA will confer selective advantage to hPSCs. HPSC lines overexpressing ARHGDIA exhibited culture dominance in co-cultures of overexpression lines with nonoverexpression lines. Furthermore, during low-density seeding, we demonstrate increased clonality of our ARHGDIA lines against matched controls. A striking observation is that we could reduce this selective advantage by varying the hPSC culture conditions with the addition of ROCK inhibitor (ROCKi). This work is unique in (1) demonstrating a novel gene that confers selective advantage to hPSCs when overexpressed and may help explain a common trisomy dominance, (2) providing a selection model for studying culture conditions that reduce the appearance of genomically altered hPSCs, and (3) aiding in elucidation of a mechanism that may act as a molecular switch during culture adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion J Riggs
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven D Sheridan
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raj R Rao
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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40
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Zhang Y, Xu J, Ren Z, Meng Y, Liu W, Lu L, Zhou Z, Chen G. Nicotinamide promotes pancreatic differentiation through the dual inhibition of CK1 and ROCK kinases in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:362. [PMID: 34172095 PMCID: PMC8235863 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin B3 (nicotinamide) plays important roles in metabolism as well as in SIRT and PARP pathways. It is also recently reported as a novel kinase inhibitor with multiple targets. Nicotinamide promotes pancreatic cell differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). However, its molecular mechanism is still unclear. In order to understand the molecular mechanism involved in pancreatic cell fate determination, we analyzed the downstream pathways of nicotinamide in the derivation of NKX6.1+ pancreatic progenitors from hESCs. Methods We applied downstream modulators of nicotinamide during the induction from posterior foregut to pancreatic progenitors, including niacin, PARP inhibitor, SIRT inhibitor, CK1 inhibitor and ROCK inhibitor. The impact of those treatments was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR, flow cytometry and immunostaining of pancreatic markers. Furthermore, CK1 isoforms were knocked down to validate CK1 function in the induction of pancreatic progenitors. Finally, RNA-seq was used to demonstrate pancreatic induction on the transcriptomic level. Results First, we demonstrated that nicotinamide promoted pancreatic progenitor differentiation in chemically defined conditions, but it did not act through either niacin-associated metabolism or the inhibition of PARP and SIRT pathways. In contrast, nicotinamide modulated differentiation through CK1 and ROCK inhibition. We demonstrated that CK1 inhibitors promoted the generation of PDX1/NKX6.1 double-positive pancreatic progenitor cells. shRNA knockdown revealed that the inhibition of CK1α and CK1ε promoted pancreatic progenitor differentiation. We then showed that nicotinamide also improved pancreatic progenitor differentiation through ROCK inhibition. Finally, RNA-seq data showed that CK1 and ROCK inhibition led to pancreatic gene expression, similar to nicotinamide treatment. Conclusions In this report, we revealed that nicotinamide promotes generation of pancreatic progenitors from hESCs through CK1 and ROCK inhibition. Furthermore, we discovered the novel role of CK1 in pancreatic cell fate determination. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02426-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhili Ren
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ya Meng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China. .,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China. .,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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Schindler M, Siriwardena D, Kohler TN, Ellermann AL, Slatery E, Munger C, Hollfelder F, Boroviak TE. Agarose microgel culture delineates lumenogenesis in naive and primed human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1347-1362. [PMID: 33979603 PMCID: PMC8185981 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periimplantation development requires the transformation of the naive pluripotent epiblast into a polarized epithelium. Lumenogenesis plays a critical role in this process, as the epiblast undergoes rosette formation and lumen expansion to form the amniotic cavity. Here, we present a high-throughput in vitro model for epiblast morphogenesis. We established a microfluidic workflow to encapsulate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into monodisperse agarose microgels. Strikingly, hPSCs self-organized into polarized epiblast spheroids that could be maintained in self-renewing and differentiating conditions. Encapsulated primed hPSCs required Rho-associated kinase inhibition, in contrast to naive hPSCs. We applied microgel suspension culture to examine the lumen-forming capacity of hPSCs and reveal an increase in lumenogenesis during the naive-to-primed transition. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of co-encapsulating cell types across different lineages and species. Our work provides a foundation for stem cell-based embryo models to interrogate the critical components of human epiblast self-organization and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Schindler
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Dylan Siriwardena
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Timo N Kohler
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Anna L Ellermann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Erin Slatery
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Clara Munger
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Florian Hollfelder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.
| | - Thorsten E Boroviak
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.
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42
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Wang S, Li S, Li Y, Jiang Q, Li X, Wang Y, Han JD, Liu Y, Chen YG. Non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 maintains intestinal homeostasis by preventing epithelium necroptosis and colitis adenoma formation. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1290-1301. [PMID: 33891868 PMCID: PMC8185465 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle myosin IIA plays an important role in cell adhesion, cell migration, and tissue architecture. We previously showed that low activity of the heavy chain of non-muscle myosin II Myh9 is beneficial to LGR5+ intestinal stem cell maintenance. However, the function of Myh9 in adult mouse intestinal epithelium is largely unclear. In this study, we used the inducible Villin-creERT2 knockout approach to delete Myh9 in adult mouse intestinal epithelium and observed that homozygous deletion of Myh9 causes colitis-like morphologic changes in intestine, leads to a high sensitivity to dextran sulfate sodium and promotes colitis-related adenoma formation in the colon. Myh9 deletion disturbs cell junctions and impairs intestinal lumen barrier integrity, promoting the necroptosis of epithelial cells. Consistently, these changes can be partially rescued by Ripk3 knockout. Our results indicate that Myh9 is required for the maintenance of intestinal epithelium integrity and the prevention of cell necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Max-Planck Center for Tissue Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehua Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Quanlong Jiang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Xintong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yalong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing-Dong Han
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Max-Planck Center for Tissue Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
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43
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Chen Y, Tristan CA, Chen L, Jovanovic VM, Malley C, Chu PH, Ryu S, Deng T, Ormanoglu P, Tao D, Fang Y, Slamecka J, Hong H, LeClair CA, Michael S, Austin CP, Simeonov A, Singeç I. A versatile polypharmacology platform promotes cytoprotection and viability of human pluripotent and differentiated cells. Nat Methods 2021; 18:528-541. [PMID: 33941937 PMCID: PMC8314867 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Clinical translation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) requires advanced strategies that ensure safe and robust long-term growth and functional differentiation. Pluripotent cells are capable of extensive self-renewal, yet remain highly sensitive to environmental perturbations in vitro, posing challenges to their therapeutic use. Here, we deployed innovative high-throughput screening strategies to identify a small molecule cocktail that dramatically improves viability of hPSCs and their differentiated progeny. The combination of Chroman 1, Emricasan, Polyamines, and Trans-ISRIB (CEPT) enhanced cell survival of genetically stable hPSCs by simultaneously blocking several stress mechanisms that otherwise compromise cell structure and function. CEPT provided strong improvements for several key applications in stem cell research, including routine cell passaging, cryopreservation of pluripotent and differentiated cells, embryoid body (EB) and organoid formation, single-cell cloning, and genome editing. Thus, CEPT represents a unique polypharmacology strategy for comprehensive cytoprotection, providing a new rationale for efficient and safe utilization of hPSCs. Conferring cell fitness by multi-target drug combinations may become a common approach in cryobiology, drug development, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A Tristan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Vukasin M Jovanovic
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Claire Malley
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Seungmi Ryu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Tao Deng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Pinar Ormanoglu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Dingyin Tao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yuhong Fang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jaroslav Slamecka
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hyenjong Hong
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Christopher A LeClair
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sam Michael
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Christopher P Austin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ilyas Singeç
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.
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44
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Kim K, Min S, Kim D, Kim H, Roh S. A Rho Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitor, Y-27632, Inhibits the Dissociation-Induced Cell Death of Salivary Gland Stem Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092658. [PMID: 34062818 PMCID: PMC8124333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland stem cells (SGSCs) are potential cell sources for the treatment of salivary gland diseases. The control of cell survival is an essential factor for applying stem cells to regenerative medicine or stem cell-based research. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 on the survival of SGSCs and its underlying mechanisms. SGSCs were isolated from mouse submandibular glands and cultured in suspension. Treatment with Y-27632 restored the viability of SGSCs that was significantly decreased during isolation and the subsequent culture. Y-27632 upregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 in SGSCs and, in the apoptosis assay, significantly reduced apoptotic and necrotic cell populations. Matrigel was used to mimic the extracellular environment of an intact salivary gland. The expression of genes regulating apoptosis and the ROCK signaling pathway was significantly reduced when SGSCs were embedded in Matrigel. SGSCs cultured in Matrigel and treated with Y-27632 showed no difference in the total numbers of spheroids and expression levels of apoptosis-regulating genes. Matrigel-embedded SGSCs treated with Y-27632 increased the number of spheroids with budding structures and the expression of acinar cell-specific marker AQP5. We demonstrate the protective effects of Y-27632 against dissociation-induced apoptosis of SGSCs during their culture in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichul Kim
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Sol Min
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.K.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-2333
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45
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Myosin Motors: Novel Regulators and Therapeutic Targets in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040741. [PMID: 33670106 PMCID: PMC7916823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a deadly disease that may go undiagnosed until it presents at an advanced metastatic stage for which few interventions are available. The development and metastatic spread of CRC is driven by remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in cancer cells. Myosins represent a large family of actin motor proteins that play key roles in regulating actin cytoskeleton architecture and dynamics. Different myosins can move and cross-link actin filaments, attach them to the membrane organelles and translocate vesicles along the actin filaments. These diverse activities determine the key roles of myosins in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and motility. Either mutations or the altered expression of different myosins have been well-documented in CRC; however, the roles of these actin motors in colon cancer development remain poorly understood. The present review aims at summarizing the evidence that implicate myosin motors in regulating CRC growth and metastasis and discusses the mechanisms underlying the oncogenic and tumor-suppressing activities of myosins. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common cause of cancer and the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Clinicians are largely faced with advanced and metastatic disease for which few interventions are available. One poorly understood aspect of CRC involves altered organization of the actin cytoskeleton, especially at the metastatic stage of the disease. Myosin motors are crucial regulators of actin cytoskeletal architecture and remodeling. They act as mechanosensors of the tumor environments and control key cellular processes linked to oncogenesis, including cell division, extracellular matrix adhesion and tissue invasion. Different myosins play either oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles in breast, lung and prostate cancer; however, little is known about their functions in CRC. This review focuses on the functional roles of myosins in colon cancer development. We discuss the most studied class of myosins, class II (conventional) myosins, as well as several classes (I, V, VI, X and XVIII) of unconventional myosins that have been linked to CRC development. Altered expression and mutations of these motors in clinical tumor samples and their roles in CRC growth and metastasis are described. We also evaluate the potential of using small molecular modulators of myosin activity to develop novel anticancer therapies.
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Li Z, Bratlie KM. Fibroblasts treated with macrophage conditioned medium results in phenotypic shifts and changes in collagen organization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 122:111915. [PMID: 33641908 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In tissue regeneration, the goal is to regenerate tissue similar to what was damaged or missing while preventing fibrotic scarring, which may lead to decreased mechanical strength and dissimilar tissue characteristics compared to native tissue. We believe collagen orientation plays a critical role in wound contraction and scarring and that it is modulated by myofibroblasts. We used macrophage conditioned medium to simulate complex events that can influence the fibroblast phenotype during the wound healing process. In addition to examining the effect of macrophage phenotype on fibroblasts, we inhibited focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), and myosin II for fibroblasts cultured on both tissue culture plastic and methacrylated gellan gum to understand how different pathways and materials influence fibroblast responses. Collagen orientation, α-SMA expression, focal adhesion area, and cell migration were altered by inhibition of FAK, ROCK, or myosin II and macrophage phenotype, along with the substrate. An increase in either focal adhesion area or α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression correlated with an aligned collagen orientation. Gellan gum hydrogels upregulated α-SMA expression in ROCK inhibited conditioned media and downregulated the FAK area in FAK and ROCK inhibited conditioned media. Myosin II had no impact on the α-SMA expression on the substrate compared to coverslip except for M2 conditioned medium. Gellan gum hydrogel significantly increased cell migration under FAK and Myosin II mediated conditioned media and unconditioned media. Collectively, our study examined how macrophage phenotype influences fibroblast response, which would be beneficial in controlling scar tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Bratlie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Ouchi T, Morimura S, Dow LE, Miyoshi H, Udey MC. EpCAM (CD326) Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Stem Cells via Rho-Associated Kinase. Cells 2021; 10:256. [PMID: 33525555 PMCID: PMC7912093 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans with biallelic inactivating mutations in Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) develop congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE). To gain mechanistic insights regarding EpCAM function in this disorder, we prepared intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) organoids and spheroids. IEC organoids and spheroids were generated from ROSA-CreERT2 EpCAMfl/fl mice. Proliferation, tight junctions, cell polarity and epithelial integrity were assessed in tamoxifen-induced EpCAM-deficient organoids via confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blotting. Olfm4-expressing stem cells were assessed in IEC cells in vitro and in vivo via fluorescence in situ hybridization. To determine if existing drugs could ameliorate effects of EpCAM deficiency in IEC cells, a variety of pharmacologic inhibitors were screened. Deletion of EpCAM resulted in increased apoptosis and attenuated growth of organoids and spheroids. Selected claudins were destabilized and epithelial integrity was severely compromised. Epithelial integrity was improved by treatment with Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitors without restoration of claudin expression. Correspondingly, enhanced phosphorylation of myosin light chain, a serine/threonine ROCK substrate, was observed in EpCAM-deficient organoids. Strikingly, frequencies of Olfm4-expressing stem cells in EpCAM-deficient IEC cells in vitro and in vivo were decreased. Treatment with ROCK inhibitors increased numbers of stem cells in EpCAM-deficient organoids and spheroids. Thus, EpCAM regulates intestinal epithelial homeostasis via a signaling pathway that includes ROCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ouchi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan;
| | - Sohshi Morimura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita-shi, Chiba 286-8520, Japan
| | - Lukas E. Dow
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
| | - Mark C. Udey
- Dermatology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA;
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48
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Naqvi SM, McNamara LM. Stem Cell Mechanobiology and the Role of Biomaterials in Governing Mechanotransduction and Matrix Production for Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:597661. [PMID: 33381498 PMCID: PMC7767888 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.597661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanobiology has underpinned many scientific advances in understanding how biophysical and biomechanical cues regulate cell behavior by identifying mechanosensitive proteins and specific signaling pathways within the cell that govern the production of proteins necessary for cell-based tissue regeneration. It is now evident that biophysical and biomechanical stimuli are as crucial for regulating stem cell behavior as biochemical stimuli. Despite this, the influence of the biophysical and biomechanical environment presented by biomaterials is less widely accounted for in stem cell-based tissue regeneration studies. This Review focuses on key studies in the field of stem cell mechanobiology, which have uncovered how matrix properties of biomaterial substrates and 3D scaffolds regulate stem cell migration, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation, and activation of specific biological responses. First, we provide a primer of stem cell biology and mechanobiology in isolation. This is followed by a critical review of key experimental and computational studies, which have unveiled critical information regarding the importance of the biophysical and biomechanical cues for stem cell biology. This review aims to provide an informed understanding of the intrinsic role that physical and mechanical stimulation play in regulating stem cell behavior so that researchers may design strategies that recapitulate the critical cues and develop effective regenerative medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Naqvi
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - L M McNamara
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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49
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Ren Z, Zhong H, Song C, Deng C, Hsieh HT, Liu W, Chen G. Insulin Promotes Mitochondrial Respiration and Survival through PI3K/AKT/GSK3 Pathway in Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:1362-1376. [PMID: 33186539 PMCID: PMC7724469 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is an essential growth factor for the survival and self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Although it is best known as the principal hormone promoting glycolysis in somatic cells, insulin's roles in hESC energy metabolism remain unclear. In this report, we demonstrate that insulin is essential to sustain hESC mitochondrial respiration that is rapidly decreased upon insulin removal. Insulin-dependent mitochondrial respiration is stem cell specific, and mainly relies on pyruvate and glutamine, while glucose suppresses excessive oxidative phosphorylation. Pharmacologic and genetic manipulations reveal that continuous insulin signal sustains mitochondrial respiration through PI3K/AKT activation and downstream GSK3 inhibition. We further show that insulin acts through GSK3 inhibition to suppress caspase activation and rescue cell survival. This study uncovers a critical role of the AKT/GSK3 pathway in the regulation of mitochondrial respiration and cell survival, highlighting insulin as an essential factor for accurate assessment of mitochondrial respiration in hESCs. Insulin is continuously required to sustain mitochondrial respiration in hESCs Insulin-dependent mitochondrial respiration is substrate specific GSK3 is a major regulator of insulin-dependent respiration and cell survival Insulin is essential for accurate assessment of mitochondrial respiration in hESCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Ren
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chengcheng Song
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chunhao Deng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hsun-Ting Hsieh
- Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China; Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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50
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Goh SK, Halfter W, Richardson T, Bertera S, Vaidya V, Candiello J, Bradford M, Banerjee I. Organ-specific ECM arrays for investigating Cell-ECM interactions during stem cell differentiation. Biofabrication 2020; 13. [PMID: 33045682 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abc05f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells are promising source of cells for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and drug discovery applications. The process of stem cell differentiation is regulated by multi-parametric cues from the surrounding microenvironment, one of the critical one being cell interaction with extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is a complex tissue-specific structure which are important physiological regulators of stem cell function and fate. Recapitulating this native ECM microenvironment niche is best facilitated by decellularized tissue/ organ derived ECM, which can faithfully reproduce the physiological environment with high fidelity to in vivo condition and promote tissue-specific cellular development and maturation. Recognizing the need for organ specific ECM in a 3D culture environment in driving phenotypic differentiation and maturation of hPSCs, we fabricated an ECM array platform using native-mimicry ECM from decellularized organs (namely pancreas, liver and heart), which allows cell-ECM interactions in both 2D and 3D configuration. The ECM array was integrated with rapid quantitative imaging for a systematic investigation of matrix protein profiles and sensitive measurement of cell-ECM interaction during hPSC differentiation. We tested our platform by elucidating the role of the three different organ-specific ECM in supporting induced pancreatic differentiation of hPSCs. While the focus of this report is on pancreatic differentiation, the developed platform is versatile to be applied to characterize any lineage specific differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saik Kia Goh
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15261, UNITED STATES
| | - Willi Halfter
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, UNITED STATES
| | - Thomas Richardson
- Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, UNITED STATES
| | - Suzanne Bertera
- Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, UNITED STATES
| | - Vimal Vaidya
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, UNITED STATES
| | - Joe Candiello
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, UNITED STATES
| | - Mahalia Bradford
- Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, UNITED STATES
| | - Ipsita Banerjee
- Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, UNITED STATES
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