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Alcántara-Mejía V, Rodríguez-Mercado J, Mateos-Nava R, Álvarez-Barrera L, Santiago-Osorio E, Bonilla-González E, Altamirano-Lozano M. Oxidative damage and cell cycle delay induced by vanadium(III) in human peripheral blood cells. Toxicol Rep 2024; 13:101695. [PMID: 39165925 PMCID: PMC11334674 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Vanadium (V) is a metal that can enter the environment through natural routes or anthropogenic activity. In the atmosphere, V is present as V oxides, among which vanadium(III) oxide (V2O3) stands out. Cytogenetic studies have shown that V2O3 is genotoxic and cytostatic and induces DNA damage; however, the molecular mechanisms leading to these effects have not been fully explored. Therefore, we treated human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro, evaluated the effects of V2O3 on the phases of the cell cycle and the expression of molecules that control the cell cycle and examined DNA damage and the induction of oxidative stress. The results revealed that V2O3 did not affect cell viability at the different concentrations (2, 4, 8 or 16 μg/mL) or exposure times (24 h) used. However, V2O3 affected the percentage of G1- and S-phase cells in the cell cycle, decreased the expression of mRNAs encoding related proteins (cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK2 and CDK4) and increased the expression of γH2AX and the levels of reactive oxygen species. The ability of V2O3 to cause a cell cycle delay in G1-S phase may be associated with a decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of the cyclins/CDKs and with intracellular oxidative stress, which may cause DNA double-strand damage and H2AX phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.A. Alcántara-Mejía
- Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental (UMIE-Z), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Campus II, UNAM, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Edificio E, Primer Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - J.J. Rodríguez-Mercado
- Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental (UMIE-Z), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Campus II, UNAM, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico
| | - R.A. Mateos-Nava
- Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental (UMIE-Z), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Campus II, UNAM, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico
| | - L. Álvarez-Barrera
- Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental (UMIE-Z), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Campus II, UNAM, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico
| | - E. Santiago-Osorio
- Unidad de Investigación en Diferenciación Celular y Cáncer, UMIE-Z, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Campus II, UNAM, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico
| | - E. Bonilla-González
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Campus Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - M.A. Altamirano-Lozano
- Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental (UMIE-Z), Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Campus II, UNAM, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico
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Ngwa HA, Bargues-Carot A, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Manganese and Vanadium Co-Exposure Induces Severe Neurotoxicity in the Olfactory System: Relevance to Metal-Induced Parkinsonism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5285. [PMID: 38791326 PMCID: PMC11121436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic environmental exposure to toxic heavy metals, which often occurs as a mixture through occupational and industrial sources, has been implicated in various neurological disorders, including Parkinsonism. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) typically presents along with manganese (Mn), especially in welding rods and high-capacity batteries, including electric vehicle batteries; however, the neurotoxic effects of vanadium (V) and Mn co-exposure are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the neurotoxic impact of MnCl2, V2O5, and MnCl2-V2O5 co-exposure in an animal model. C57BL/6 mice were intranasally administered either de-ionized water (vehicle), MnCl2 (252 µg) alone, V2O5 (182 µg) alone, or a mixture of MnCl2 (252 µg) and V2O5 (182 µg) three times a week for up to one month. Following exposure, we performed behavioral, neurochemical, and histological studies. Our results revealed dramatic decreases in olfactory bulb (OB) weight and levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the treatment groups compared to the control group, with the Mn/V co-treatment group producing the most significant changes. Interestingly, increased levels of α-synuclein expression were observed in the substantia nigra (SN) of treated animals. Additionally, treatment groups exhibited locomotor deficits and olfactory dysfunction, with the co-treatment group producing the most severe deficits. The treatment groups exhibited increased levels of the oxidative stress marker 4-hydroxynonenal in the striatum and SN, as well as the upregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein PKCδ and accumulation of glomerular astroglia in the OB. The co-exposure of animals to Mn/V resulted in higher levels of these metals compared to other treatment groups. Taken together, our results suggest that co-exposure to Mn/V can adversely affect the olfactory and nigral systems. These results highlight the possible role of environmental metal mixtures in the etiology of Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Afeseh Ngwa
- Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicity, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Alejandra Bargues-Carot
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.B.-C.); (H.J.); (V.A.)
| | - Huajun Jin
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.B.-C.); (H.J.); (V.A.)
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.B.-C.); (H.J.); (V.A.)
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.B.-C.); (H.J.); (V.A.)
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicity, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.B.-C.); (H.J.); (V.A.)
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Kopp A, Werner J, Kröger N, Weirich TE, D'Elia F. Combined severe plastic deformation processing of commercial purity titanium enables superior fatigue resistance for next generation implants. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 157:213756. [PMID: 38211508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Commercial purity titanium (cp-Ti) is considered for replacing Ti64 as an implant material in various applications, due to the potential toxicity associated with the release of Al and V ions. However, the mechanical properties of cp-Ti, particularly fatigue resistance, are inadequate for this purpose. In this study, cp-Ti grade 4 rods were processed using a combination of equal channel angular pressing and rotary swaging (ECAP/RS). Tensile and fatigue tests were conducted, along with detailed microscopy and evaluation of corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. An average yield strength of 1383 MPa was obtained while maintaining moderate ductility of 10 %. This represents the highest strength ever recorded for cp-Ti, even exceeding that of Ti64. Additionally, fatigue endurance limit increased by 43 % up to 600 MPa, almost obtaining that of Ti64. Strengthening mechanisms were attributed to the ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure generated by ECAP/RS, along with strong crystallographic texture and formation of sub-grain structure. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of cp-Ti were largely unaffected, potentially easing regulatory transition in future medical devices. Thus, these results demonstrate high potential of combined ECAP/RS processing to manufacture UFG cp-Ti grade 4 materials that prospectively allow for the substitution of questionable alloys and downsizing of medical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Werner
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy RWTH-Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Nadja Kröger
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Clinic for Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital Eschweiler, 52249 Eschweiler, Germany.
| | - Thomas E Weirich
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy RWTH-Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Francesco D'Elia
- Meotec GmbH, Aachen 52068, Germany; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75120, Sweden.
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Adekeye AO, Fafure AA, Omodele MM, Adedayo LD, Ekundina VO, Adekomi DA, Jen ES, Adenowo TK. Flavonoid glycoside fraction of Ginkgo biloba extract modulates antioxidants imbalance in vanadium-induced brain damage. AIMS Neurosci 2023; 10:178-189. [PMID: 37426781 PMCID: PMC10323262 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2023015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human and animal diseases have always been reported to be treated by medicinal herbs owing to their constituents. Excess sodium metavanadate is a potential environmental toxin when consumed and could induce oxidative damage leading to various neurological disorders and Parkinsons-like diseases. This study is designed to investigate the impact of the flavonoid Glycoside Fraction of Ginkgo Biloba Extract (GBE) (at 30 mg/kg body weight) on vanadium-treated rats. Animals were divided randomly into four groups: Control (Ctrl, normal saline), Ginkgo Biloba (GIBI, 30mg/kg BWT), Vanadium (VANA, 10 mg/kg BWT) and Vanadium + Ginkgo biloba (VANA + GIBI). Markers of oxidative stress (Glutathione Peroxidase and Catalase) were assessed and found to be statistically increased with GIBI when compared with CTRL and treatment groups. Results from routine staining revealed that the control and GIBI group had a normal distribution of cells and a pronounced increase in cell count respectively compared to the VANA group. When compared to the VANA group, the NeuN photomicrographs revealed that the levels of GIBI were within the normal range (***p < 0.001; ** p < 001). The treatment with GIBI showed a better response by increasing the neuronal cells in the VANA+GIBI when compared with the VANA group. The NLRP3 Inflammasome photomicrographs denoted that there was a decrease in NLRP3-positive cells in the control and GIBI groups. The treatment group shows fewer cells compared to that of the VANA group. The treatment group shows fewer cells compared to that of the VANA group. The findings of the study confirmed that ginkgo biloba extract via its flavonoid glycoside fraction has favorable impacts in modulating vanadium-induced brain damage with the potential ability to lower antioxidant levels and reduce neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeshina O. Adekeye
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Adedamola A. Fafure
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Morayo M. Omodele
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence D. Adedayo
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Victor O. Ekundina
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Damilare A. Adekomi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Ephraim Samuel Jen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Thomas K. Adenowo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic and applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Aureliano M, De Sousa-Coelho AL, Dolan CC, Roess DA, Crans DC. Biological Consequences of Vanadium Effects on Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Lipid Peroxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065382. [PMID: 36982458 PMCID: PMC10049017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation (LPO), a process that affects human health, can be induced by exposure to vanadium salts and compounds. LPO is often exacerbated by oxidation stress, with some forms of vanadium providing protective effects. The LPO reaction involves the oxidation of the alkene bonds, primarily in polyunsaturated fatty acids, in a chain reaction to form radical and reactive oxygen species (ROS). LPO reactions typically affect cellular membranes through direct effects on membrane structure and function as well as impacting other cellular functions due to increases in ROS. Although LPO effects on mitochondrial function have been studied in detail, other cellular components and organelles are affected. Because vanadium salts and complexes can induce ROS formation both directly and indirectly, the study of LPO arising from increased ROS should include investigations of both processes. This is made more challenging by the range of vanadium species that exist under physiological conditions and the diverse effects of these species. Thus, complex vanadium chemistry requires speciation studies of vanadium to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of the various species that are present during vanadium exposure. Undoubtedly, speciation is important in assessing how vanadium exerts effects in biological systems and is likely the underlying cause for some of the beneficial effects reported in cancerous, diabetic, neurodegenerative conditions and other diseased tissues impacted by LPO processes. Speciation of vanadium, together with investigations of ROS and LPO, should be considered in future biological studies evaluating vanadium effects on the formation of ROS and on LPO in cells, tissues, and organisms as discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Aureliano
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- CCMar, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (D.C.C.); Tel.: +351-289-900-805 (M.A.)
| | - Ana Luísa De Sousa-Coelho
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade do Algarve (ESSUAlg), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Connor C. Dolan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Deborah A. Roess
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (D.C.C.); Tel.: +351-289-900-805 (M.A.)
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Huang M, Bargues-Carot A, Riaz Z, Wickham H, Zenitsky G, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Impact of Environmental Risk Factors on Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neuroinflammation, Protein Misfolding, and Oxidative Stress in the Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10808. [PMID: 36142718 PMCID: PMC9505762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the neuropathological hallmark of the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) innervation and the appearance of Lewy bodies with aggregated α-synuclein. Although several familial forms of PD have been reported to be associated with several gene variants, most cases in nature are sporadic, triggered by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. Numerous epidemiological studies during the past two decades have shown positive associations between PD and several environmental factors, including exposure to neurotoxic pesticides/herbicides and heavy metals as well as traumatic brain injury. Other environmental factors that have been implicated as potential risk factors for PD include industrial chemicals, wood pulp mills, farming, well-water consumption, and rural residence. In this review, we summarize the environmental toxicology of PD with the focus on the elaboration of chemical toxicity and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms associated with exposure to several neurotoxic chemicals, specifically 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), rotenone, paraquat (PQ), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), dieldrin, manganese (Mn), and vanadium (V). Our overview of the current findings from cellular, animal, and human studies of PD provides information for possible intervention strategies aimed at halting the initiation and exacerbation of environmentally linked PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Alejandra Bargues-Carot
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zainab Riaz
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hannah Wickham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Gary Zenitsky
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Huajun Jin
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Tripathi R, Gupta R, Sahu M, Srivastava D, Das A, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Free radical biology in neurological manifestations: mechanisms to therapeutics interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62160-62207. [PMID: 34617231 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements and growing attention about free radicals (ROS) and redox signaling enable the scientific fraternity to consider their involvement in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurological defects. Free radicals increase the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the biological system through different endogenous sources and thus increased the overall oxidative stress. An increase in oxidative stress causes cell death through different signaling mechanisms such as mitochondrial impairment, cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage response, inflammation, negative regulation of protein, and lipid peroxidation. Thus, an appropriate balance between free radicals and antioxidants becomes crucial to maintain physiological function. Since the 1brain requires high oxygen for its functioning, it is highly vulnerable to free radical generation and enhanced ROS in the brain adversely affects axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity, which results in neuronal cell death. In addition, increased ROS in the brain alters various signaling pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation and microglial activation, DNA damage response, and cell-cycle arrest, leading to memory and learning defects. Mounting evidence suggests the potential involvement of micro-RNAs, circular-RNAs, natural and dietary compounds, synthetic inhibitors, and heat-shock proteins as therapeutic agents to combat neurological diseases. Herein, we explain the mechanism of free radical generation and its role in mitochondrial, protein, and lipid peroxidation biology. Further, we discuss the negative role of free radicals in synaptic plasticity and axonal regeneration through the modulation of various signaling molecules and also in the involvement of free radicals in various neurological diseases and their potential therapeutic approaches. The primary cause of free radical generation is drug overdosing, industrial air pollution, toxic heavy metals, ionizing radiation, smoking, alcohol, pesticides, and ultraviolet radiation. Excessive generation of free radicals inside the cell R1Q1 increases reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which causes oxidative damage. An increase in oxidative damage alters different cellular pathways and processes such as mitochondrial impairment, DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, and inflammatory response, leading to pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disease other neurological defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Devesh Srivastava
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India.
- , Delhi, India.
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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8
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Saminathan H, Ghosh A, Zhang D, Song C, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Fyn Kinase-Mediated PKCδ Y311 Phosphorylation Induces Dopaminergic Degeneration in Cell Culture and Animal Models: Implications for the Identification of a New Pharmacological Target for Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:631375. [PMID: 33995031 PMCID: PMC8113680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.631375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis are some of the key etiological factors responsible for dopamin(DA)ergic degeneration during Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the downstream molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration are largely unknown. Recently, a genome-wide association study revealed the FYN gene to be associated with PD, suggesting that Fyn kinase could be a pharmacological target for PD. In this study, we report that Fyn-mediated PKCδ tyrosine (Y311) phosphorylation is a key event preceding its proteolytic activation in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of Parkinsonism. MPP+/MPTP induced Fyn kinase activation in N27 DAergic neuronal cells and the mouse substantia nigra. PKCδ-Y311 phosphorylation by activated Fyn initiates the apoptotic caspase-signaling cascade during DAergic degeneration. Pharmacological attenuation of Fyn activity protected DAergic neurons from MPP+-induced degeneration in primary mesencephalic neuronal cultures. We further employed Fyn wild-type and Fyn knockout (KO) mice to confirm whether Fyn is a valid pharmacological target of DAergic neurodegeneration. Primary mesencephalic neurons from Fyn KO mice were greatly protected from MPP+-induced DAergic cell death, neurite loss and DA reuptake loss. Furthermore, Fyn KO mice were significantly protected from MPTP-induced PKCδ-Y311 phosphorylation, behavioral deficits and nigral DAergic degeneration. This study thus unveils a mechanism by which Fyn regulates PKCδ's pro-apoptotic function and DAergic degeneration. Pharmacological inhibitors directed at Fyn activation could prove to be a novel therapeutic target in the delay or halting of selective DAergic degeneration during PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Kulkarni N, Gadde R, Gugnani KS, Vu N, Yoo C, Zaveri R, Betharia S. Neuroprotective effects of disubstituted dithiolethione ACDT against manganese-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105052. [PMID: 33905764 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dithiolethiones are lipophilic, organosulfur compounds that activate the Nrf2 transcription factor causing an upregulation of various phase II antioxidant enzymes. A disubstituted dithiolethione 5-amino-3-thioxo-3H-(1,2) dithiole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (ACDT) retains the functional pharmacophore while also containing modifiable functional groups. Neuroprotection against autoimmune encephalomyelitis in vivo and 6-hydroxy dopamine (a model for Parkinson's disease) in vitro have been previously reported with ACDT. Manganese (Mn) is a metal essential for metabolic processes at low concentrations. Overexposure and accumulation of Mn leads to a neurological condition called manganism which shares pathophysiological sequelae with parkinsonism. Here we hypothesized ACDT to be protective against manganese-induced cytotoxicity. SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells exposed to 300 μM MnCl2 displayed approximately 50% cell death, and a 24-h pretreatment with 75 μM ACDT significantly reversed this cytotoxicity. ACDT pretreatment was also found to increase total GSH levels (2.18-fold) and the protein levels of NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) enzyme (6.33-fold), indicating an overall increase in the cells' antioxidant defense stores. A corresponding 2.32-fold reduction in the level of Mn-induced reactive oxygen species was also observed in cells pretreated with ACDT. While no changes were observed in the protein levels of apoptotic markers Bax and Bcl-2, pretreatment with 75 μM ACDT led to a 2.09-fold downregulation of ZIP14 import transporter, indicating a potential reduction in the cellular uptake of Mn as an additional neuroprotective mechanism. These effects did not extend to other transporters like the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) or ferroportin. Collectively, ACDT showed substantial neuroprotection against Mn-induced cytotoxicity, opening a path for dithiolethiones as a potential novel therapeutic option against heavy metal neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, School of Pharmacy, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Rajitha Gadde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, School of Pharmacy, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kuljeet S Gugnani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, School of Pharmacy, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nguyen Vu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, School of Pharmacy, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Claude Yoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, School of Pharmacy, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rohan Zaveri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, School of Pharmacy, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Swati Betharia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, School of Pharmacy, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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10
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Hashemzaei M, Fanoudi S, Najari M, Fotouhi M, Belaran M, Alipour NS, Dadrezaei Z, Miri F, Tabrizian K. Effects of Quercetin and Resveratrol on Zinc Chloride- and Sodium Metavanadate-Induced Passive Avoidance Memory Retention Deficits in Male Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:67-74. [PMID: 33859961 PMCID: PMC8027046 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin and resveratrol are found in a variety of fruits and vegetables and have several biological and pharmacological properties. In this study, the effects of quercetin [50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)] and resveratrol (50 mg/kg, i.p.) on zinc chloride (ZnCl2; 75 mg/kg/d, 2 weeks oral gavage) and sodium metavanadate (SMV; 22.5 mg/kg/d, 2 weeks oral gavage) induced passive avoidance memory retention were investigated in step-through passive avoidance tasks. ZnCl2 was dissolved in saline and SMV was dissolved in drinking water. Mice received ZnCl2 or SMV orally for two weeks and were administered quercetin or resveratrol by i.p. injection on day 14, days 12 and 14, or days 10, 12, and 14. At the end of treatment, animals were trained for one day in a step-through passive avoidance task, then alterations in avoidance memory retention were evaluated after 24, 48, 96, and 168 h. Oral consumption of ZnCl2 and SMV decreased latency time compared with control groups. Both quercetin and resveratrol (50 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented ZnCl2- and SMV-induced avoidance memory retention impairments and did not significantly alter muscle strength, as demonstrated in rotarod tasks. No significant differences were observed between mice who received single, double, or triple doses of quercetin or resveratrol. The results suggest that quercetin and resveratrol may have preventive effects on ZnCl2- and SMV-induced memory impairment in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran.,Toxicology and Addiction Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
| | - Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13131-99137, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Najari
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Fotouhi
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
| | - Maryam Belaran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
| | - Najmeh Sadat Alipour
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
| | - Zahra Dadrezaei
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Miri
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
| | - Kaveh Tabrizian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran.,Toxicology and Addiction Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
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11
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Ullah I, Zhao L, Hai Y, Fahim M, Alwayli D, Wang X, Li H. "Metal elements and pesticides as risk factors for Parkinson's disease - A review". Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:607-616. [PMID: 33816123 PMCID: PMC8010213 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential metals including iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) with known physiological functions in human body play an important role in cell homeostasis. Excessive exposure to these essential as well as non-essential metals including mercury (Hg) and Aluminum (Al) may contribute to pathological conditions, including PD. Each metal could be toxic through specific pathways. Epidemiological evidences from occupational and ecological studies besides various in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed the possible pathogenic role and neurotoxicity of different metals. Pesticides are substances that aim to mitigate the harm done by pests to plants and crops, and are extensively used to boost agricultural production. This review provides an outline of our current knowledge on the possible association between metals and PD. We have discussed the potential association between these two, furthermore the chemical properties, biological and toxicological aspects as well as possible mechanisms of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Al, Ca, Pb, Hg and Zn in PD pathogenesis. In addition, we review recent evidence on deregulated microRNAs upon pesticide exposure and possible role of deregulated miRNA and pesticides to PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inam Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Longhe Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Yang Hai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, China
| | | | | | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, China
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, China
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Bhattarai
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Purna C. Kashyap
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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13
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Ohiomokhare S, Olaolorun F, Ladagu A, Olopade F, Howes MJR, Okello E, Olopade J, Chazot PL. The Pathopharmacological Interplay between Vanadium and Iron in Parkinson's Disease Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6719. [PMID: 32937783 PMCID: PMC7554808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology is characterised by distinct types of cellular defects, notably associated with oxidative damage and mitochondria dysfunction, leading to the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain's substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Exposure to some environmental toxicants and heavy metals has been associated with PD pathogenesis. Raised iron levels have also been consistently observed in the nigrostriatal pathway of PD cases. This study explored, for the first time, the effects of an exogenous environmental heavy metal (vanadium) and its interaction with iron, focusing on the subtoxic effects of these metals on PD-like oxidative stress phenotypes in Catecholaminergic a-differentiated (CAD) cells and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK-1)B9Drosophila melanogaster models of PD. We found that undifferentiated CAD cells were more susceptible to vanadium exposure than differentiated cells, and this susceptibility was modulated by iron. In PINK-1 flies, the exposure to chronic low doses of vanadium exacerbated the existing motor deficits, reduced survival, and increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both Aloysia citrodora Paláu, a natural iron chelator, and Deferoxamine Mesylate (DFO), a synthetic iron chelator, significantly protected against the PD-like phenotypes in both models. These results favour the case for iron-chelation therapy as a viable option for the symptomatic treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ohiomokhare
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, County Durham DH1 3LE, UK; (S.O.); (F.O.); (A.L.)
| | - Francis Olaolorun
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, County Durham DH1 3LE, UK; (S.O.); (F.O.); (A.L.)
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria;
| | - Amany Ladagu
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, County Durham DH1 3LE, UK; (S.O.); (F.O.); (A.L.)
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria;
| | - Funmilayo Olopade
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria;
| | - Melanie-Jayne R. Howes
- Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK;
| | - Edward Okello
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Tyne and Wear NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - James Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria;
| | - Paul L. Chazot
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, County Durham DH1 3LE, UK; (S.O.); (F.O.); (A.L.)
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14
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Adekeye AO, Irawo GJ, Fafure AA. Ficus exasperata Vahl leaves extract attenuates motor deficit in vanadium-induced parkinsonism mice. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:183-193. [PMID: 32647086 PMCID: PMC7343565 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal herbs have played significant roles in the treatment of various diseases in humans and animals. Sodium metavanadate is a potentially toxic environmental pollutant that induces oxidative damage, neurological disorder, Parkinsonism and Parkinson-like disease upon excessive exposure. This study is designed to investigate the impact of saponin fraction of Ficus exasperata Vahl leaf extract (at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight for 14 days at different animal groupings) on vanadium treated mice. Animals were randomly grouped into five groups. Control (normal saline), NaVO3 (10 mg/kg for 7 days), withdrawal group, NaVO3+Vahl (low dose) and NaVO3+Vahl (high dose). The animals were screened for motor coordination using rotarod and PBTs and a post mortem study was conducted by quantitatively assessing the markers of oxidative stress such as lipid peroxidation, catalase, glutathione activities, and also through immunohistochemistry via glia fibrillary acidic protein, tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter to study the integrity of astrocytes and dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (SNc). Vanadium-exposed group showed a decreased motor activity on the neurobehavioural tests as well as an increase in markers of oxidative stress. Saponin fraction of F. exasperata Vahl leaves extract produced a statistically significant motor improvement which may be due to high antioxidant activities of saponin, thereby providing an ameliorative effect on the histoarchitecture of the SNc. It can be inferred that the saponin fraction of F. exasperata Vahl leaves extract to possesses ameliorative, motor-enhancing and neurorestorative benefit on motor deficit in vanadium-induced parkinsonism mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeshina O Adekeye
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Nigeria
| | - Gold J Irawo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Adedamola Adediran Fafure
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
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15
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Application Solid Laser-Sintered or Machined Ti6Al4V Alloy in Manufacturing of Dental Implants and Dental Prosthetic Restorations According to Dentistry 4.0 Concept. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8060664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a comparison of the impact of milling technology in the computer numerically controlled (CNC) machining centre and selective laser sintering (SLS) and on the structure and properties of solid Ti6Al4V alloy. It has been shown that even small changes in technological conditions in the SLS manufacturing variant significantly affect changes from two to nearly two and a half times in tensile and bending strengths. Both the tensile and bending strength obtained in the most favourable manufacturing variant by the SLS method is over 25% higher than in the case of cast materials subsequently processed by milling. Plug-and-play SLS conditions provide about 60% of the possibilities. Structural, tribological and electrochemical tests were carried out. In vitro biological tests using osteoblasts confirm the good tendency for the proliferation of live cells on the substrate manufactured under the most favourable SLS conditions. The use of SLS additive technology for the manufacturing of dental implants and abutments made of Ti6Al4V alloy in combination with the digitisation of dental diagnostics and computer-aided design and manufacture of computer-aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) following the idea of Dentistry 4.0 is the best choice of technology for manufacturing of prosthetic and implant devices used in dentistry.
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16
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Ścibior A, Hus I, Mańko J, Jawniak D. Evaluation of the level of selected iron-related proteins/receptors in the liver of rats during separate/combined vanadium and magnesium administration. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126550. [PMID: 32464446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current knowledge about the effects of vanadium (V) on iron (Fe)-related proteins and Fe homeostasis (which is regulated at the systemic, organelle, and cellular levels) is still insufficient. OBJECTIVE This fact and our earlier results prompted us to conduct studies with the aim to explain the mechanism of anemia accompanied by a rise in hepatic and splenic Fe deposition in rats receiving sodium metavanadate (SMV) separately and in combination with magnesium sulfate (MS). RESULTS We demonstrated for the first time that SMV (0.125 mg V/mL) administered to rats individually and in conjunction with MS (0.06 mg Mg/mL) for 12 weeks did not cause significant differences in the hepatic hepcidin (Hepc) and hemojuvelin (HJV) concentrations, compared to the control. In comparison with the control, there were no significant changes in the concentration of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) in the liver of rats treated with SMV and MS alone (in both cases only a downward trend of 14% and 15% was observed). However, a significant reduction in the hepatic TfR1 level was found in rats receiving SMV and MS simultaneously. In turn, the concentration of transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) showed an increasing trend in the liver of rats treated with SMV and/or MS. CONCLUSIONS The experimental data suggest that the pathomechanism of the SMV-induced anemia is not associated with the effect of V on the concentration of Hepc in the liver, as confirmed by the unaltered hepatic HJV and TfR1 levels. Therefore, further studies are needed in order to check whether anemia that developed in the rats at the SMV administration (a) results from the inhibitory effect of V on erythropoietin (EPO) production, (b) is related to the effect of V on the induction of matriptase-2 (TMPRSS6) expression, or (c) is associated with the influence of this metal on haem synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ścibior
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland.
| | - Iwona Hus
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Mańko
- Clinic of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Jawniak
- Clinic of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Lublin, Poland.
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17
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Ścibior A, Szychowski KA, Zwolak I, Dachowska K, Gmiński J. In vitro effect of vanadyl sulfate on cultured primary astrocytes: cell viability and oxidative stress markers. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:737-747. [PMID: 31975418 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to vanadium has been associated with deleterious effects on the central nervous system in animals and humans. Although vanadium-derived pro-oxidant species were reported to be involved in vanadium-mediated neurotoxicity, the ability of this metal to induce oxidative stress markers in glial cells remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) by mouse primary astrocytes after treatment with vanadyl sulfate (VOSO4 ) at concentrations of 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 μM. The resazurin assay revealed that treatment with VOSO4 for 24 and 48 h at concentrations of 50 and 100 μM, respectively, or higher substantially induced astrocytic cytotoxicity. Intracellular ROS increased after 6-h exposure to the lowest concentration tested (20 μM VOSO4 ) and tended to intensify after 24- and 48-h treatments reaching significant values for 20 and 500 μM VOSO4 . In turn, NO production in the examined cells was elevated after exposure to all concentrations at the 6-, 24-, and 48-h incubation periods. Our study demonstrated the ability of VOSO4 to induce H2 O2 generation in cell-free DMEM/F12 medium. The H2 O2 levels were in the micromolar range (up to 5 μM) and were detected mostly during the first few minutes after VOSO4 addition, suggesting that the generated H2 O2 could not induce toxic effects on the cells. Taken together, these results show VOSO4 induced cytotoxicity in primary astrocyte cells, which may have resulted from vanadyl-stimulated intracellular ROS and NO generation in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ścibior
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Lifestyle Disorders and Regenerative Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Iwona Zwolak
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dachowska
- Department of Lifestyle Disorders and Regenerative Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Jan Gmiński
- Department of Lifestyle Disorders and Regenerative Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Tyczyn, Poland
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18
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Mini review-vanadium-induced neurotoxicity and possible targets. Neurol Sci 2019; 41:763-768. [PMID: 31838631 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium, a transition metal, ubiquitous in nature is known to have therapeutic effect as well as toxic effect. It is known to possess antidiabetic, antitumor and antiparasitic activity. However, on long term exposure, it produces neurotoxicity which may result in memory impairment. The possible mechanism known to cause neurotoxicity suggested is oxidative stress and inflammation of neuronal cells. The present review has focused on discussing the role of protein P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and oxidative stress as possible targets to treat vanadium-induced neurotoxicity.
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19
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In vitro study of the protective effect of manganese against vanadium-mediated nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:110900. [PMID: 31654710 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to study the effect of vanadium(V) exposure on cell viability, nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and to elucidate if these effects can be reverted by co-exposure to V and manganese (Mn). HepG2 cells were incubated with various concentrations of bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) or MnCl2 for 32 h for viability study. The higher concentrations (59 μM V, 54 nM Mn and 59 μM V+54 nM Mn) were used to study DNA damage and uptake of V and Mn. Comet assay was used for the study of nDNA damage; mtDNA damage was studied by determining deletions and number of copies of the ND1/ND4 mtDNA region. Cellular content of V and Mn was determined using ICPMS. Cellular exposure to 59 μM V decreased viability (14%) and damaged nDNA and mtDNA. This effect was partially prevented by the co-exposure to V + Mn. Exposure to V increased the cellular content of V and Mn (812.3% and 153.5%, respectively). Exposure to Mn decreased the content of V and Mn (62% and 56%, respectively). Exposure to V + Mn increased V (261%) and decreased Mn (56%) content. The positive effects on cell viability and DNA damage when incubated with V + Mn could be due to the Mn-mediated inhibition of V uptake.
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20
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Harischandra DS, Ghaisas S, Zenitsky G, Jin H, Kanthasamy A, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy AG. Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity: New Insights Into the Triad of Protein Misfolding, Mitochondrial Impairment, and Neuroinflammation. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:654. [PMID: 31293375 PMCID: PMC6606738 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational or environmental exposure to manganese (Mn) can lead to the development of "Manganism," a neurological condition showing certain motor symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease (PD). Like PD, Mn toxicity is seen in the central nervous system mainly affecting nigrostriatal neuronal circuitry and subsequent behavioral and motor impairments. Since the first report of Mn-induced toxicity in 1837, various experimental and epidemiological studies have been conducted to understand this disorder. While early investigations focused on the impact of high concentrations of Mn on the mitochondria and subsequent oxidative stress, current studies have attempted to elucidate the cellular and molecular pathways involved in Mn toxicity. In fact, recent reports suggest the involvement of Mn in the misfolding of proteins such as α-synuclein and amyloid, thus providing credence to the theory that environmental exposure to toxicants can either initiate or propagate neurodegenerative processes by interfering with disease-specific proteins. Besides manganism and PD, Mn has also been implicated in other neurological diseases such as Huntington's and prion diseases. While many reviews have focused on Mn homeostasis, the aim of this review is to concisely synthesize what we know about its effect primarily on the nervous system with respect to its role in protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, and consequently, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Based on the current evidence, we propose a 'Mn Mechanistic Neurotoxic Triad' comprising (1) mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, (2) protein trafficking and misfolding, and (3) neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshan S Harischandra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shivani Ghaisas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Gary Zenitsky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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21
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Ahmed ME, Selvakumar GP, Kempuraj D, Thangavel R, Mentor S, Dubova I, Raikwar SP, Zaheer S, Iyer S, Zaheer A. Synergy in Disruption of Mitochondrial Dynamics by Aβ (1-42) and Glia Maturation Factor (GMF) in SH-SY5Y Cells Is Mediated Through Alterations in Fission and Fusion Proteins. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6964-6975. [PMID: 30949973 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The pathological form of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide is shown to be toxic to the mitochondria and implicates this organelle in the progression and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondria are dynamic structures constantly undergoing fission and fusion, and altering their shape and size while traveling through neurons. Mitochondrial fission (Drp1, Fis1) and fusion (OPA1, Mfn1, and Mfn2) proteins are balanced in healthy neuronal cells. Glia maturation factor (GMF), a neuroinflammatory protein isolated and cloned in our laboratory plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. We hypothesized that GMF, a brain-localized inflammatory protein, promotes oxidative stress-mediated disruption of mitochondrial dynamics by alterations in mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins which eventually leads to apoptosis in the Aβ (1-42)-treated human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. The SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with GMF and Aβ (1-42) peptide, and mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins were analyzed by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and co-immunoprecipitation. We report that SH-SY5Y cells incubated with GMF and Aβ (1-42) promote mitochondrial fragmentation, by potentiating oxidative stress, mitophagy and shifts in the Bax/Bcl2 expression and release of cytochrome-c, and eventual apoptosis. In the present study, we show that GMF and Aβ treatments significantly upregulate fission proteins and downregulate fusion proteins. The study shows that extracellular GMF is an important inflammatory mediator that mediates mitochondrial dynamics by altering the balance in fission and fusion proteins and amplifies similar effects promoted by Aβ. Upregulated GMF in the presence of Aβ could be an additional risk factor for AD, and their synergistic actions need to be explored as a potential therapeutic target to suppress the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shireen Mentor
- Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, Republic of South Africa
| | - Iuliia Dubova
- Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shankar Iyer
- Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Asgar Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Adebiyi OE, Olayemi FO, Olopade JO, Tan NH. Βeta-sitosterol enhances motor coordination, attenuates memory loss and demyelination in a vanadium-induced model of experimental neurotoxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 26:21-29. [PMID: 30551913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Environmental discharge of vanadium causes cognitive and behavioral impairments in humans and animals via production of reactive oxygen species leading to lipid peroxidation and alteration in antioxidant defence system. The current study was carried out to investigate the cognitive-enhancing ability of β-sitosterol in vanadium-induced neurotoxicity. Forty eight mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups (A-D) with the following treatments: group A; distilled water, B; α-tocopherol + sodium metavanadate (NaO3V), C; β-sitosterol + NaO3V and D; only NaO3V. NaO3V was administered intraperitoneally while other treatments were administered through gavage for 7 consecutive days. Neurobehavioral parameters measuring cognition, locomotion, anxiety and grip strength were evaluated at day 8. Following sacrifice, brain levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, malonaldehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were measured. Immunohistochemical expression of Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) in the brain was also investigated. The results showed that deficits in spatial learning, locomotor efficiency, and motor coordination, induced by acute vanadium neurotoxicity were mitigated by beta-sitosterol. Significantly (α ≤ 0.05) decreased in vivo antioxidant enzyme activities, increased brain levels of MDA and H2O2, structural damage to myelin sheaths and decreased expression of MBP were also observed in the NaO3V group (D), however, co-administration of β-sitosterol reduced these pathologic features. It is concluded that β-sitosterol alleviates vanadium-induced neurotoxicity by enhancing cognition and improving motor co-ordination via its antioxidant and myelo-protective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide Elizabeth Adebiyi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | | | | | - Ning-Hua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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23
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Zhou L, Yi Y, Yuan Q, Zhang J, Li Y, Wang P, Xu M, Xie S. VAOS, a novel vanadyl complexes of alginate saccharides, inducing apoptosis via activation of AKT-dependent ROS production in NSCLC. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:177-185. [PMID: 30223019 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have confirmed that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) can promote tumour progression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Vanadyl alginate oligosaccharides (VAOS) is a new coordination compounds that possesses a good PTP1B inhibitory activity. However, the potent anticancer efficacy of VAOS in human NSCLC requires further study. In this study, VAOS exhibited effective inhibitory effects in NSCLC both in cultured cells and in a xenograft mouse model. VAOS was further identified to induce NSCLC cell apoptosis through activating protein kinase B (AKT) to elevate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by increasing in oxygen consumption and impairing the ROS-scavenging system. Neither silencing of PTP1B by siRNA nor transient overexpression of PTP1B had an effect on the AKT phosphorylation triggered by VAOS, indicating that PTP1B inhibition was not involved in VAOS-induced apoptosis. Through phosphorus colorimetric assay, we demonstrated that VAOS notably inhibited phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) dephosphorylation activity, another member of the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases)-upstream factor of AKT. Interestingly, PTEN knockdown sensitized cells to VAOS, whereas ectopic expression of PTEN markedly rescued VAOS-mediated lethality. In vivo, VAOS treatment markedly reduced PTEN activity and tumour cell burden with low systemic toxicity. Thus, our data not only provided a new therapeutic drug candidate for NSCLC, but presented new understanding into the pharmacological research of VAOS.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Alginates/chemical synthesis
- Alginates/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/antagonists & inhibitors
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/agonists
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Vanadates/chemical synthesis
- Vanadates/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong 264003, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong 264003, PR China
| | - Yuetao Yi
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong 264003, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong 264003, PR China
| | - Youjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong 264003, PR China
| | - Pingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong 264003, PR China
| | - Maolei Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong 264003, PR China.
| | - Shuyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong 264003, PR China.
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24
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Selvakumar GP, Iyer SS, Kempuraj D, Ahmed ME, Thangavel R, Dubova I, Raikwar SP, Zaheer S, Zaheer A. Molecular Association of Glia Maturation Factor with the Autophagic Machinery in Rat Dopaminergic Neurons: a Role for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and MAPK Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3865-3881. [PMID: 30218400 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the several neurodegenerative diseases where accumulation of aggregated proteins like α-synuclein occurs. Dysfunction in autophagy leading to this protein build-up and subsequent dopaminergic neurodegeneration may be one of the causes of PD. The mechanisms that impair autophagy remain poorly understood. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpiridium ion (MPP+) is a neurotoxin that induces experimental PD in vitro. Our studies have shown that glia maturation factor (GMF), a brain-localized inflammatory protein, induces dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD and that suppression of GMF prevents MPP+-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons. In the present study, we demonstrate a molecular action of GMF on the autophagic machinery resulting in dopaminergic neuronal loss and propose GMF-mediated autophagic dysfunction as one of the contributing factors in PD progression. Using dopaminergic N27 neurons, primary neurons from wild type (WT), and GMF-deficient (GMF-KO) mice, we show that GMF and MPP+ enhanced expression of MAPKs increased the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers such as phospho-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 (p-PERK) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α). Further, GMF and MPP+ reduced Beclin 1, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family-interacting protein of 200 kD (FIP200), and autophagy-related proteins (ATGs) 3, 5, 7, 16L, and 12. The combined results demonstrate that GMF affects autophagy through autophagosome formation with significantly reduced lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1/2, and the number of autophagic acidic vesicles. Using primary neurons, we show that MPP+ treatment leads to differential expression and localization of p62/sequestosome and in GMF-KO neurons, there was a marked increase in p62 staining implying autophagy deficiency with very little co-localization of α-synuclein and p62 as compared with WT neurons. Collectively, this study provides a bidirectional role for GMF in executing dopaminergic neuronal death mediated by autophagy that is relevant to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine-University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shankar S Iyer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine-University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine-University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine-University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine-University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Iuliia Dubova
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine-University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Asgar Zaheer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine-University of Missouri, M741A Medical Science Building, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA.
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25
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Selvakumar GP, Iyer SS, Kempuraj D, Raju M, Thangavel R, Saeed D, Ahmed ME, Zahoor H, Raikwar SP, Zaheer S, Zaheer A. Glia Maturation Factor Dependent Inhibition of Mitochondrial PGC-1α Triggers Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in N27 Rat Dopaminergic Neuronal Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7132-7152. [PMID: 29383690 PMCID: PMC6066475 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting over five million individuals worldwide. The exact molecular events underlying PD pathogenesis are still not clearly known. Glia maturation factor (GMF), a neuroinflammatory protein in the brain plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative stress trigger apoptosis leading to dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in PD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α or PPARGC-α) acts as a transcriptional co-regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism by controlling oxidative phosphorylation, antioxidant activity, and autophagy. In this study, we found that incubation of immortalized rat dopaminergic (N27) neurons with GMF influences the expression of peroxisome PGC-1α and increases oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptotic cell death. We show that incubation with GMF reduces the expression of PGC-1α with concomitant decreases in the mitochondrial complexes. Besides, there is increased oxidative stress and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in these cells. Further, GMF reduces tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression and shifts Bax/Bcl-2 expression resulting in release of cytochrome-c and increased activations of effector caspase expressions. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed alteration in the mitochondrial architecture. Our results show that GMF acts as an important upstream regulator of PGC-1α in promoting dopaminergic neuronal death through its effect on oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. Our current data suggest that GMF is a critical risk factor for PD and suggest that it could be explored as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology and The Center for Translational Neuroscience, M741A Medical Science Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shankar S Iyer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology and The Center for Translational Neuroscience, M741A Medical Science Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology and The Center for Translational Neuroscience, M741A Medical Science Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Murugesan Raju
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology and The Center for Translational Neuroscience, M741A Medical Science Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Daniyal Saeed
- Department of Neurology and The Center for Translational Neuroscience, M741A Medical Science Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of Neurology and The Center for Translational Neuroscience, M741A Medical Science Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Harris Zahoor
- Department of Neurology and The Center for Translational Neuroscience, M741A Medical Science Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology and The Center for Translational Neuroscience, M741A Medical Science Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Department of Neurology and The Center for Translational Neuroscience, M741A Medical Science Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Asgar Zaheer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Neurology and The Center for Translational Neuroscience, M741A Medical Science Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, USA.
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26
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Adebiyi OE, Olopade JO, Olayemi FO. Sodium metavanadate induced cognitive decline, behavioral impairments, oxidative stress and down regulation of myelin basic protein in mice hippocampus: Ameliorative roles of β-spinasterol, and stigmasterol. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01014. [PMID: 29856129 PMCID: PMC6043703 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposures to toxic levels of vanadium and soluble vanadium compounds cause behavioral impairments and neurodegeneration via free radical production. Consequently, natural antioxidant sources have been explored for effective and cheap remedy following toxicity. Grewia carpinifolia has been shown to improve behavioral impairments in vanadium-induced neurotoxicity, however, the active compounds implicated remains unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate ameliorative effects of bioactive compounds from G. carpinifolia on memory and behavioral impairments in vanadium-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS Sixty BALB/c mice were equally divided into five groups (A-E). A (control); administered distilled water, B (standard); administered α-tocopherol (500 mg/kg) every 72 hr orally with daily dose of sodium metavanadate (3 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, test groups C, and D; received single oral dose of 100 μg β-spinasterol or stigmasterol (bioactive compounds from G. carpinifolia), respectively, along with sodium metavanadate and the model group E, received sodium metavanadate only for seven consecutive days. Memory, locomotion and muscular strength were accessed using Morris water maze, Open field and hanging wire tests. In vivo antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were evaluated by measuring catalase, superoxide dismutase, MDA, H2 O2 , and myelin basic protein (MBP) expression in the hippocampus. RESULTS In Morris water maze, stigmasterol significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased escape latency and increased swimming time in target quadrant (28.01 ± 0.02; 98.24 ± 17.38 s), respectively, better than α-tocopherol (52.43 ± 13.25; 80.32 ± 15.21) and β-spinasterol (42.09 ± 14.27; 70.91 ± 19.24) in sodium metavanadate-induced memory loss (112.31 ± 9.35; 42.35 ± 11.05). β-Spinasterol and stigmasterol significantly increased exploration and latency in open field and hanging wire tests respectively. Stigmasterol also increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, decreased oxidative stress markers and lipid peroxidation in mice hippocampal homogenates, and increased MBP expression. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate a potential for stigmasterol, a bioactive compound from G. carpinifolia in improving cognitive decline, motor coordination, and ameliorating oxidative stress in vanadium-induced neurotoxicity.
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27
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Squadrone S, Brizio P, Mancini C, Abete MC, Brusco A. Altered homeostasis of trace elements in the blood of SCA2 patients. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 47:111-114. [PMID: 29544796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a neurological disorder characterized by cerebellar dysfunction. The possible association between metals and neurodegenerative diseases is under constant investigation, with particular focus on their involvement in oxidative stress and their potential role as biomarkers of these pathologies. Whole blood samples of SCA2 patients and of healthy individuals were subjected to multi-elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Reduced levels of manganese and copper were found in SCA2 patients, while zinc and vanadium concentrations were significantly higher in patients compared to controls. Copper, manganese and zinc are cofactors of many enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase, SOD) involved in the cellular antioxidant response, whereas vanadium is a transition metal able to produce reactive radicals. A marked decrease of the antioxidant response has been previously reported in SCA2 patients. We suggest that an unbalance of transitional elements in the blood may reflect altered antioxidant homeostasis in SCA2 patients and could constitute a future peripheral biomarker for this disease. In addition, we suggest a possible role of vanadium in the altered lipid metabolism of SCA2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
| | - Paola Brizio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, 10126 Torino, Italy; Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Medical Genetics Unit, 10126 Torino, Italy
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28
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Folarin OR, Adaramoye OA, Akanni OO, Olopade JO. Changes in the brain antioxidant profile after chronic vanadium administration in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:377-385. [PMID: 28744799 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium is known to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems. Exposure to vanadium has been linked to neurological defects affecting the central nervous system (CNS) early in life and culminates later to neurodegeneration. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of chronic vanadium exposure on antioxidant profile in mice, and progressive changes after withdrawal from treatment. A total of 85 male BALB/c mice (4 weeks old) were used for the experiment and were divided into three groups of vanadium exposed (3 mg/kg i.p at 3-18 months treatment), matched controls, and animals exposed to vanadium for three months and thereafter vanadium was withdrawn. Vanadium exposure caused significant increases (p<0.05) in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation and nitric oxide with a concomitant decrease (p<0.05) in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase and a decline in the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) after 6 months of vanadium exposure in the brain. This trend continued in all vanadium-exposed groups (9, 12, 15 and 18 months) relative to the matched controls. Withdrawal after 3 months of vanadium exposure significantly reversed oxidative stress in intoxicated mice from 9 to 15 months after vanadium withdrawal. We have shown that chronic administration of vanadium led to oxidative stress in the brain which is reversible only after a long period of vanadium withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- O R Folarin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University, Oshogbo, Nigeria
| | - O A Adaramoye
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O O Akanni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - J O Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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29
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Fatola OI, Olaolorun FA, Olopade FE, Olopade JO. Trends in vanadium neurotoxicity. Brain Res Bull 2018; 145:75-80. [PMID: 29577939 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium, atomic number 23, is a transition metal widely distributed in nature. It is a major contaminant of fossil fuels and is widely used in industry as catalysts, in welding, and making steel alloys. Over the years, vanadium compounds have been generating interests due to their use as therapeutic agents in the control of diabetes, tuberculosis, and some neoplasms. However, the toxicity of vanadium compounds is well documented in literature with occupational exposure of workers in vanadium allied industries, environmental pollution from combustion of fossil fuels and industrial exhausts receiving concerns as major sources of toxicity and a likely predisposing factor in the aetiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. A lot has been done to understand the neurotoxic effects of vanadium, its mechanisms of action and possible antidotes. Sequel to our review of the subject in 2011, this present review is to detail the recent insights gained in vanadium neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James O Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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30
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Sikora CL, Alfaro MF, Yuan JCC, Barao VA, Sukotjo C, Mathew MT. Wear and Corrosion Interactions at the Titanium/Zirconia Interface: Dental Implant Application. J Prosthodont 2018. [PMID: 29521461 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dental implants have been shown to have predictable success, but esthetic complications often arise. To reduce tissue shadowing from titanium, zirconia abutments may be used; however, the literature suggests that the use of zirconia leads to greater destruction of the implant interface that may result in biological complications such as titanium tattoos and heavy metal toxicity. Previous studies have examined the mechanical aspects of this implant/abutment relationship, but they have not accounted for the corrosive degradation that also takes place in the dynamic environment of the oral cavity. This study investigated the combined effect of both wear and corrosion on the materials at the implant and abutment interface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a simulated oral tribocorrosive environment, titanium (Ti) and zirconia (Zr) abutment materials were slid against titanium and Roxolid implant alloys. The four couplings (Ti/Ti, Ti/Rox, Zr/Ti, Zr/Rox) were selected for the tribocorrosion tests (N = 3). The testing was conducted for 25K cycles, and the coefficient of friction (CoF) and voltage evolution were recorded simultaneously. Following the tribocorrosion assays, the wear volume loss was calculated, and surface characterization was performed. Statistical analysis was completed using a one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Bonferroni comparisons. RESULTS Zr/Ti groups had the highest CoF (1.1647), and Ti/Ti had the lowest (0.5033). The Zr/Ti coupling generated significantly more mechanical damage than the Ti/Ti group (p = 0.021). From the corrosion aspect, the Ti/Ti groups had the highest voltage drop (0.802 V), indicating greater corrosion susceptibility. In comparison, the Zr/Roxolid group had the lowest voltage drop (0.628 V) and significantly less electrochemical degradation (p = 0.019). Overall, the Ti/Ti group had the largest wear volume loss (15.1 × 107 μm3 ), while the Zr/Ti group had the least volume loss (2.26 × 107 μm3 ). Both zirconia couplings had significantly less wear volume than the titanium couplings (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the synergistic interaction between wear and corrosion, which occurs when masticatory forces combine with the salivary environment of the oral cavity. Overall, the zirconia groups outperformed the titanium groups. In fact, the titanium groups generated 5 to 6 times more wear to the implant alloys as compared with the zirconia counterparts. The best performing group was Zr/Ti, and the worst performing group was Ti/Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig L Sikora
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Maria F Alfaro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Judy Chia-Chun Yuan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Valentim A Barao
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cortino Sukotjo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Mathew T Mathew
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, IL
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Igado OO, Glaser J, Ramos-Tirado M, Bankoğlu EE, Atiba FA, Holzgrabe U, Stopper H, Olopade JO. Isolation of a novel compound (MIMO2) from the methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves: protective effects against vanadium-induced cytotoxity. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:249-258. [PMID: 28925291 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1366504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is reported to be a miracle plant, with positive effects on practically every system in the animal body. The methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves was fractionated using liquid-liquid fractionation, column chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Bioassay guided fractionation using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) was used to determine the fraction with the highest antioxidative power. Chemical structure was elucidated with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. FRAP showed that the pure compound, butyl p-hydroxyphenyl-acetate (MIMO2) exhibited an antioxidant activity higher than TEMPOL (positive control). Vanadium is a metal, which as a salt has been shown to be a neurotoxicant; and was therefore used to assess the efficacy of MIMO2 in this experiment. HT22 (immortalized mouse hippocampal) cells were used for cell culture. The Comet assay showed a statistically significant reduction (p < .05) in DNA damage when 0.25 and 0.5 μM MIMO2 as well as 0.1 and 0.2 mg of the methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MO) were used in combination with 200 μM vanadium (sodium metavanadate). Analogously, a reduced formation of superoxide was observed using dihydroethidium (2,7-Diamino-10-ethyl-9-phenyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthridine-DHE) stain after 0.5 μM MIMO2 and 0.063 mg MO were used in combination with vanadium 100 μM. MIMO2 and MO gave a statistically significant (p < .05) protective effect against vanadium toxicity on neuronal cells. Further assays may need to be performed to assess the extent of protection that MIMO2 may offer, and also to better understand its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumayowa O Igado
- a Department of Veterinary Anatomy , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.,b Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Germany.,c Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Würzburg , Germany
| | - Jan Glaser
- b Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Germany
| | - Mario Ramos-Tirado
- c Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Würzburg , Germany
| | - Ezgi Eylül Bankoğlu
- c Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Würzburg , Germany
| | - Foluso A Atiba
- d Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- b Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- c Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Würzburg , Germany
| | - James O Olopade
- a Department of Veterinary Anatomy , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
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Jiang P, Ni Z, Wang B, Ma B, Duan H, Li X, Ma X, Wei Q, Ji X, Liu Q, Xing S, Li M. Acute toxicity, twenty-eight days repeated dose toxicity and genotoxicity of vanadyl trehalose in kunming mice. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 85:86-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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α-Synuclein Enhances Cadmium Uptake and Neurotoxicity via Oxidative Stress and Caspase Activated Cell Death Mechanisms in a Dopaminergic Cell Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:231-246. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Adebiyi OE, Olopade JO, Olayemi FO. Neuroprotective Effect of Grewia carpinifolia Extract against Vanadium Induced Behavioural Impairment. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/fv-2016-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Vanadium (V), a heavy metal, has been reported to induce central nervous system toxicity leading to various behavioural impairments. It is characterized by the production of reactive oxygen. The present study was designed to test the possibility of Grewia carpinifolia ethanolic extract in preventing behavioural alterations following acute vanadium toxicity in mice. Twenty five Swiss albino mice (25—27 g) were completely randomized into 5 groups (A—E) of 5 animals each. Group A received distilled water and served as a control; group B, received vitamin E (500 mg.kg−1 b. w. every 72 hours), a known antioxidant orally, along with a daily dose of sodium metavanadate intraperitoneally (i. p.) for 7 days; group C and group D received Grewia carpinifolia leaf extract at 100 and 200 mg.kg−1 b.w orally respectively, along with the sodium metavanadate i. p. for 7 days; while group E received sodium metavanadate i. p. only for 7 days. The behavioural and motor functions were analysed by the open field, negative geotaxis, and hanging wire tests; the daily body and brain weights were recorded. Grewia carpinifolia ethanolic extracts significantly reduced the number of grooming, stretched attend posture, and freezing time that were significantly increased in the vanadium only group and also enhanced the vestibular functions. In addition, the latent time spent on the hanging wire in groups simultaneously administered with the extract and V compared favourably (P > 0.05) with the control groups but a decrease in latent time was observed in the V only group. The results suggest that acute V toxicity results in various behavioural deficits and support a possible role of Grewia carpinifolia as a protective agent against acute vanadium-toxicity with a better result at 200 mg.kg−1 b. w.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. E. Adebiyi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Nigeria
| | - J. O. Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - F. O. Olayemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Nigeria
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Neonatal rotenone lesions cause onset of hyperactivity during juvenile and adulthood in the rat. Toxicol Lett 2016; 266:42-48. [PMID: 27979718 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by behavioral and cognitive symptoms. Longitudinal studies demonstrated that the symptoms remains clinically significant for the majority of ADHD children into adulthood. Furthermore, a population-based birth cohort provided the initial evidence of adult ADHD that lacks a history of childhood ADHD. We previously demonstrated that neonatal exposure to bisphenol A, an environmental chemical caused hyperactivity in the juvenile. Here, we extend to examine other chemical such as rotenone, a dopaminergic toxins. Oral administration of rotenone (3mg/kg) into 5-day-old male Wistar rats significantly caused hyperactivity at adulthood (8∼11 weeks old; p<0.05). It was about 1.3∼1.4-fold more active in the nocturnal phase after administration of rotenone than control rats. Higher dose (16mg/kg) or repeated lower dose of rotenone (1mg/kg/day for 4days) caused hyperactivity in the juvenile. Furthermore, DNA array analyses showed that neonatal exposure to rotenone altered the levels of gene expression of several molecules related to apoptosis/cell cycle, ATPase, skeletal molecule, and glioma. Bivariate normal distribution analysis indicates no correlation in gene expression between a hyperactivity disorder model and a Parkinson's disease model by rotenone. Thus, we demonstrate a rotenone models of ADHD whose onset varies during juvenile and adulthood.
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Medvedev AE, Molotnikov A, Lapovok R, Zeller R, Berner S, Habersetzer P, Dalla Torre F. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–15Zr alloy used as dental implant material. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 62:384-398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Golda-Cepa M, Chorylek A, Chytrosz P, Brzychczy-Wloch M, Jaworska J, Kasperczyk J, Hakkarainen M, Engvall K, Kotarba A. Multifunctional PLGA/Parylene C Coating for Implant Materials: An Integral Approach for Biointerface Optimization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:22093-22105. [PMID: 27500860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Functionalizing implant surfaces is critical for improving their performance. An integrated approach was employed to develop a multifunctional implant coating based on oxygen plasma-modified parylene C and drug-loaded, biodegradable poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). The key functional attributes of the coating (i.e., anti-corrosion, biocompatible, anti-infection, and therapeutic) were thoroughly characterized at each fabrication step by spectroscopic, microscopic, and biologic methods and at different scales, ranging from molecular, through the nano- and microscales to the macroscopic scale. The chemistry of each layer was demonstrated separately, and their mutual affinity was shown to be indispensable for the development of versatile coatings for implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Golda-Cepa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - A Chorylek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - P Chytrosz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Brzychczy-Wloch
- Department of Bacteriology, Microbial Ecology and Parasitology, Jagiellonian University Medical College , Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - J Jaworska
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , Curie Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - J Kasperczyk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , Curie Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - M Hakkarainen
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Engvall
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Kotarba
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
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EGCG Protects against 6-OHDA-Induced Neurotoxicity in a Cell Culture Model. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2015; 2015:843906. [PMID: 26770869 PMCID: PMC4684886 DOI: 10.1155/2015/843906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes severe brain dopamine depletion. Disruption of iron metabolism may be involved in the PD progression. Objective. To test the protective effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against 6-hydroxydopamine- (6-OHDA-) induced neurotoxicity by regulating iron metabolism in N27 cells. Methods. Protection by EGCG in N27 cells was assessed by SYTOX green assay, MTT, and caspase-3 activity. Iron regulatory gene and protein expression were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Intracellular iron uptake was measured using (55)Fe. The EGCG protection was further tested in primary mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons by immunocytochemistry. Results. EGCG protected against 6-OHDA-induced cell toxicity. 6-OHDA treatment significantly (p < 0.05) increased divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) and hepcidin and decreased ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) level, whereas pretreatment with EGCG counteracted the effects. The increased (55)Fe (by 96%, p < 0.01) cell uptake confirmed the iron burden by 6-OHDA and was reduced by EGCG by 27% (p < 0.05), supporting the DMT1 results. Pretreatment with EGCG and 6-OHDA significantly increased (p < 0.0001) TH(+) cell count (~3-fold) and neurite length (~12-fold) compared to 6-OHDA alone in primary mesencephalic neurons. Conclusions. Pretreatment with EGCG protected against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity by regulating genes and proteins involved in brain iron homeostasis, especially modulating hepcidin levels.
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Ghaisas S, Maher J, Kanthasamy A. Gut microbiome in health and disease: Linking the microbiome-gut-brain axis and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of systemic and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 158:52-62. [PMID: 26627987 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome comprises the collective genome of the trillions of microorganisms residing in our gastrointestinal ecosystem. The interaction between the host and its gut microbiome is a complex relationship whose manipulation could prove critical to preventing or treating not only various gut disorders, like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and ulcerative colitis (UC), but also central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize what is known about the gut microbiome, how it is connected to the development of disease and to identify the bacterial and biochemical targets that should be the focus of future research. Understanding the mechanisms behind the activity and proliferation of the gut microbiome will provide us new insights that may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Ghaisas
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Joshua Maher
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Anumantha Kanthasamy
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to define the toxic effects of vanadium on thymic development in broilers fed on diets supplemented with 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg/kg of vanadium for 42 days. We examined the changes of relative weigh, cell cycle phase, apoptotic cells, and protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 in the thymus by the methods of flow cytometry, TUNEL (terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling) and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that dietary high vanadium (30 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg) caused the toxic effects on thymic development, which was characterized by decreasing relative weigh, increasing G0/G1 phase (a prolonged nondividing state), reducing S phase (DNA replication) and proliferating index (PI), and increasing percentages of apoptotic thymocytes. Concurrently, the protein expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 were increased, and protein expression levels of Bcl-2 were decreased. The thymic development suppression caused by dietary high vanadium further leads to inhibitive effects on T lymphocyte maturity and activity, and cellular immune function. The above-mentioned results provide new evidences for further understanding the vanadium immunotoxicity. In contrast, dietary 5 mg/kg vanadium promoted the thymic development by increasing relative weigh, decreasing G0/G1 phase, increasing S phase and PI, and reducing percentages of apoptotic thymocytes when compared to the control group and high vanadium groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
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León IE, Cadavid-Vargas JF, Tiscornia I, Porro V, Castelli S, Katkar P, Desideri A, Bollati-Fogolin M, Etcheverry SB. Oxidovanadium(IV) complexes with chrysin and silibinin: anticancer activity and mechanisms of action in a human colon adenocarcinoma model. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:1175-91. [PMID: 26404080 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium compounds were studied during recent years to be considered as a representative of a new class of nonplatinum metal antitumor agents in combination to its low toxicity. On the other hand, flavonoids are a wide family of polyphenolic compounds synthesized by plants that display many interesting biological effects. Since coordination of ligands to metals can improve the pharmacological properties, we report herein, for the first time, a exhaustive study of the mechanisms of action of two oxidovanadium(IV) complexes with the flavonoids: silibinin Na₂[VO(silibinin)₂2]·6H₂O (VOsil) and chrysin [VO(chrysin)₂EtOH]₂(VOchrys) on human colon adenocarcinoma derived cell line HT-29. The complexes inhibited the cell viability of colon adenocarcinoma cells in a dose dependent manner with a greater potency than that the free ligands and free metal, demonstrating the benefit of complexation. The decrease of the ratio of the amount of reduced glutathione to the amount of oxidized glutathione were involved in the deleterious effects of both complexes. Besides, VOchrys caused cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase while VOsil activated caspase 3 and triggering the cells directly to apoptosis. Moreover, VOsil diminished the NF-kB activation via increasing the sensitivity of cells to apoptosis. On the other hand, VOsil inhibited the topoisomerase IB activity concluding that this is important target involved in the anticancer vanadium effects. As a whole, the results presented herein demonstrate that VOsil has a stronger deleterious action than VOchrys on HT-29 cells, whereby suggesting that Vosil is the potentially best candidate for future use in alternative anti-tumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E León
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Patológica, Facultad Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.,Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J F Cadavid-Vargas
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Patológica, Facultad Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.,Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I Tiscornia
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - V Porro
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - S Castelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - P Katkar
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - A Desideri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - M Bollati-Fogolin
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - S B Etcheverry
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Patológica, Facultad Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina. .,Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
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Kihira T, Sakurai I, Yoshida S, Wakayama I, Takamiya K, Okumura R, Iinuma Y, Iwai K, Kajimoto Y, Hiwatani Y, Kohmoto J, Okamoto K, Kokubo Y, Kuzuhara S. Neutron activation analysis of scalp hair from ALS patients and residents in the Kii Peninsula, Japan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 164:36-42. [PMID: 25524522 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of transition metals in the scalp hair of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients in the Koza/Kozagawa/Kushimoto (K) area (K-ALS) in the Kii Peninsula, Japan. Metal contents were measured in the unpermed, undyed hair samples of 88 K-residents, 20 controls, 7 K-ALS patients, and 10 sporadic ALS patients using neutron activation analysis at the Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University. A human hair standard and elemental standards were used as comparative standards. The contents of Zn, Mn, and V were higher, while that of S was lower in K-ALS patients than in the controls. The content of Mn in K-ALS patients negatively correlated with clinical durations. The content of Al was significantly higher in K-residents than in the controls, with 15.9 % of K-residents having high Mn contents over the 75th percentile of the controls. The contents of Zn, Mn, and V were high in the scalp hair of K-ALS patients and correlated with the content of Al. The accumulation of these transition metals may chronically increase metal-induced oxidative stress, which may, in turn, trigger the neuronal degeneration associated with K-ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tameko Kihira
- Department of Health Sciences, Kansai University of Health Sciences, 2-11-1, Wakaba, Kumatori, Sennan, Osaka, 590-0482, Japan,
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Colín-Barenque L, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Medina-Campos O, Jimenez-Martínez R, Bizarro-Nevares P, González-Villalva A, Rojas-Lemus M, Fortoul TI. Functional and morphological olfactory bulb modifications in mice after vanadium inhalation. Toxicol Pathol 2014; 43:282-91. [PMID: 25492423 DOI: 10.1177/0192623314548668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, have olfaction impairment. These pathologies have also been linked to environmental pollutants. Vanadium is a pollutant, and its toxic mechanisms are related to the production of oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the effects of inhaled vanadium on olfaction, the olfactory bulb antioxidant, through histological and ultrastructural changes in granule cells. Mice in control group were made to inhale saline; the experimental group inhaled 0.02-M vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) for 1 hr twice a week for 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after inhalation. Olfactory function was evaluated by the odorant test. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) was assayed in olfactory bulbs and processed for rapid Golgi method and ultrastructural analysis. Results show that olfactory function decreased at 4-week vanadium exposure; granule cells showed a decrease in dendritic spine density and increased lipofuscin, Golgi apparatus vacuolation, apoptosis, and necrosis. The activity of GPx and GR in the olfactory bulb was increased compared to that of the controls. Our results demonstrate that vanadium inhalation disturbs olfaction, histology, and the ultrastructure of the granule cells that might be associated with oxidative stress, a risk factor in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Facultad de Química, Ciudad Universitaria México, D.F., Mexico. UNAM
| | - Omar Medina-Campos
- Department of Biology, Facultad de Química, Ciudad Universitaria México, D.F., Mexico. UNAM
| | - Ruben Jimenez-Martínez
- Departament of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, México D.F., Mexico. UNAM
| | | | | | - Marcela Rojas-Lemus
- Departament of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, México D.F., Mexico. UNAM
| | - Teresa I Fortoul
- Departament of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, México D.F., Mexico. UNAM
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Harischandra DS, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. α-Synuclein protects against manganese neurotoxic insult during the early stages of exposure in a dopaminergic cell model of Parkinson's disease. Toxicol Sci 2014; 143:454-68. [PMID: 25416158 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological role of α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation in neurodegeneration is well recognized, but the physiological function of normal α-Syn remains unknown. As α-Syn protein contains multiple divalent metal binding sites, herein we conducted a comprehensive characterization of the role of α-Syn in manganese-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. We established transgenic N27 dopaminergic neuronal cells by stably expressing human wild-type α-Syn at normal physiological levels. α-Syn-expressing dopaminergic cells significantly attenuated Mn-induced neurotoxicity for 24-h exposures relative to vector control cells. To further explore cellular mechanisms, we studied the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. Analysis of a key mitochondrial apoptotic initiator, cytochrome c, revealed that α-Syn significantly reduces the Mn-induced cytochrome c release into cytosol. The downstream caspase cascade, involving caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation, during Mn exposure was also largely attenuated in Mn-treated α-Syn cells in a time-dependent manner. α-Syn cells also showed a dramatic reduction in the Mn-induced proteolytic activation of the pro-apoptotic kinase PKCδ. The generation of Mn-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) did not differ between α-Syn and vector control cells, indicating that α-Syn exerts its protective effect independent of altering ROS generation. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) revealed no significant differences in intracellular Mn levels between treated vector and α-Syn cells. Notably, the expression of wild-type α-Syn in primary mesencephalic cells also rescued cells from Mn-induced neurotoxicity. However, prolonged exposure to Mn promoted protein aggregation in α-Syn-expressing cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that wild-type α-Syn exhibits neuroprotective effects against Mn-induced neurotoxicity during the early stages of exposure in a dopaminergic neuronal model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshan S Harischandra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Leon IE, Porro V, Di Virgilio AL, Naso LG, Williams PAM, Bollati-Fogolín M, Etcheverry SB. Antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity of an oxidovanadium(IV) complex with the flavonoid silibinin against osteosarcoma cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:59-74. [PMID: 24233155 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-013-1061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large family of polyphenolic compounds synthesized by plants. They display interesting biological effects mainly related to their antioxidant properties. On the other hand, vanadium compounds also exhibit different biological and pharmacological effects in cell culture and in animal models. Since coordination of ligands to metals can improve or change the pharmacological properties, we report herein, for the first time, a detailed study of the mechanisms of action of an oxidovanadium(IV) complex with the flavonoid silibinin, Na2[VO(silibinin)2]·6H2O (VOsil), in a model of the human osteosarcoma derived cell line MG-63. The complex inhibited the viability of osteosarcoma cells in a dose-dependent manner with a greater potency than that of silibinin and oxidovanadium(IV) (p < 0.01), demonstrating the benefit of complexation. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies also showed a concentration effect for VOsil. The increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species and the decrease of the ratio of the amount of reduced glutathione to the amount of oxidized glutathione were involved in the deleterious effects of the complex. Besides, the complex caused cell cycle arrest and activated caspase 3, triggering apoptosis as determined by flow cytometry. As a whole, these results show the main mechanisms of the deleterious effects of VOsil in the osteosarcoma cell line, demonstrating that this complex is a promising compound for cancer treatments.
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Zwolak I. Comparison of three different cell viability assays for evaluation of vanadyl sulphate cytotoxicity in a Chinese hamster ovary K1 cell line. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1013-25. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233714544190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Previously, evaluation of sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) cytotoxicity after 24 h exposure of Chinese hamster ovary K1 (CHO-K1) cells revealed different sensitivity of the in vitro assays used starting from the neutral red (NR, 3-amino-7-dimethylamino-2-methylphenazine hydrochloride) test (detecting lysosomal and possibly the Golgi apparatus damage) as the most sensitive followed by the 2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt (XTT) and resazurin (7-hydroxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one-10-oxide) tests (mitochondrial disruption). The trypan blue (TB) staining (plasma membrane permeability) showed cytotoxicity of NaVO3 at a much higher NaVO3 concentration than the above-mentioned assays. In the current study, using the same experimental approach, we have assessed the toxicity of vanadyl sulphate (VOSO4) and compared the obtained results with NaVO3 action. Unlike metavanadate, VOSO4 treatment at 24 h resulted in similar sensitivity of the NR and resazurin tests. Nevertheless, following the 48-h incubation with VOSO4, the NR test showed markedly higher sensitivity than the resazurin test when comparing the half maximal inhibitory concentration values (61 and 110 µM for the NR and resazurin test, respectively, p < 0.05). The TB staining method was the least susceptible for detecting vanadyl cytotoxicity at each exposure time point. In summary, both the NR and resazurin tests can be advocated as similarly sensitive in detection of VOSO4-induced cytotoxicity in the CHO-K1 cell line at 24 h. However, the longer incubation time with VOSO4 showed that the NR test is more sensitive than the resazurin assay. The differences in the results between the cytotoxicity tests employed probably arise from dissimilar susceptibility of the endpoints (targets) measured with these tests to the damage by vanadium. Considering this, the current and the previous studies highlight the role of lysosomes (and possibly the Golgi apparatus) apart from mitochondria in the toxicity mechanism induced by inorganic vanadium in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Zwolak
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Environmental Protection, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland
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Gonzalez-Villalva A, Piñon-Zarate G, Falcon-Rodriguez C, Lopez-Valdez N, Bizarro-Nevares P, Rojas-Lemus M, Rendon-Huerta E, Colin-Barenque L, Fortoul TI. Activation of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway involved in megakaryocyte proliferation induced by vanadium resembles some aspects of essential thrombocythemia. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:908-18. [PMID: 24442345 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713518600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium (V) is an air pollutant released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels. Also, it has been recently evaluated for their carcinogenic potential to establish permissible limits of exposure at workplaces. We previously reported an increase in the number and size of platelets and their precursor cells and megakaryocytes in bone marrow and spleen. The aim of this study was to identify the involvement of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway and thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor, and myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (Mpl), in megakaryocyte proliferation induced by this compound. Mice were exposed twice a week to vanadium pentoxide inhalation (0.02 M) and were killed at 4th, 6th, and 8th week of exposure. Phosphorylated JAK2 (JAK2 ph), STAT3 (STAT3 ph), STAT5, and Mpl were identified in mice spleen megakaryocytes by cytofluorometry and immunohistochemistry. An increase in JAK2 ph and STAT3 ph, but a decrease in Mpl at 8-week exposure was identified in our findings. Taking together, we propose that the morphological findings, JAK/STAT activation, and decreased Mpl receptor induced by V leads to a condition comparable to essential thrombocythemia, so the effect on megakaryocytes caused by different mechanisms is similar. We also suggest that the decrease in Mpl is a negative feedback mechanism after the JAK/STAT activation. Since megakaryocytes are platelet precursors, their alteration affects platelet morphology and function, which might have implications in hemostasis as demonstrated previously, so it is important to continue evaluating the effects of toxics and pollutants on megakaryocytes and platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Teresa I Fortoul
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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Ścibior A, Adamczyk A, Gołębiowska D, Niedźwiecka I, Fornal E. The influence of combined magnesium and vanadate administration on the level of some elements in selected rat organs: V–Mg interactions and the role of iron-essential protein (DMT-1) in the mechanism underlying altered tissues iron level. Metallomics 2014; 6:907-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The levels of elements in rats' organs in the V–Mg interaction. A role of DMT-1 in tissue Fe homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ścibior
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research
- The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
- 20-718 Lublin, Poland
- Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Biochemistry
| | - Agnieszka Adamczyk
- Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Biochemistry
- Department of Zoology and Invertebrate Ecology
- The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
- Poland
| | - Dorota Gołębiowska
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research
- The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
- 20-718 Lublin, Poland
- Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Biochemistry
| | - Irmina Niedźwiecka
- Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Biochemistry
- Department of Zoology and Invertebrate Ecology
- The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
- Poland
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research
- The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
- Poland
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