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Manengu C, Zhu CH, Zhang GD, Tian MM, Lan XB, Tao LJ, Ma L, Liu Y, Yu JQ, Liu N. HDAC inhibitors as a potential therapy for chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01488-x. [PMID: 38761314 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, a chronic disease characterized by uncontrolled cell development, kills millions of people globally. The WHO reported over 10 million cancer deaths in 2020. Anticancer medications destroy healthy and malignant cells. Cancer treatment induces neuropathy. Anticancer drugs cause harm to spinal cord, brain, and peripheral nerve somatosensory neurons, causing chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. The chemotherapy-induced mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain are not fully understood. However, neuroinflammation has been identified as one of the various pathways associated with the onset of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. The neuroinflammatory processes may exhibit varying characteristics based on the specific type of anticancer treatment delivered. Neuroinflammatory characteristics have been observed in the spinal cord, where microglia and astrocytes have a significant impact on the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. The patient's quality of life might be affected by sensory deprivation, loss of consciousness, paralysis, and severe disability. High cancer rates and ineffective treatments are associated with this disease. Recently, histone deacetylases have become a novel treatment target for chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain may be treated with histone deacetylase inhibitors. Histone deacetylase inhibitors may be a promising therapeutic treatment for chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Common chemotherapeutic drugs, mechanisms, therapeutic treatments for neuropathic pain, and histone deacetylase and its inhibitors in chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain are covered in this paper. We propose that histone deacetylase inhibitors may treat several aspects of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain, and identifying these inhibitors as potentially unique treatments is crucial to the development of various chemotherapeutic combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalton Manengu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
- School of International Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chun-Hao Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Miao-Miao Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li-Jun Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Lin Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
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Lossi L, Castagna C, Merighi A. An Overview of the Epigenetic Modifications in the Brain under Normal and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3881. [PMID: 38612690 PMCID: PMC11011998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes are changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the DNA sequence. These changes lead to establishing a so-called epigenetic code that dictates which and when genes are activated, thus orchestrating gene regulation and playing a central role in development, health, and disease. The brain, being mostly formed by cells that do not undergo a renewal process throughout life, is highly prone to the risk of alterations leading to neuronal death and neurodegenerative disorders, mainly at a late age. Here, we review the main epigenetic modifications that have been described in the brain, with particular attention on those related to the onset of developmental anomalies or neurodegenerative conditions and/or occurring in old age. DNA methylation and several types of histone modifications (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, lactylation, and crotonylation) are major players in these processes. They are directly or indirectly involved in the onset of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Therefore, this review briefly describes the roles of these epigenetic changes in the mechanisms of brain development, maturation, and aging and some of the most important factors dynamically regulating or contributing to these changes, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adalberto Merighi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.L.); (C.C.)
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El Aissouq A, Bouachrine M, Bouayyadi L, Ouammou A, Khalil F. Structure-based virtual screening of novel natural products as chalcone derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 M pro. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13235-13249. [PMID: 36752320 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2172456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, has spread quickly around the world, causing a global pandemic. It has infected more than 500 million people as of April 28, 2022. Much research has been reported to stop the virus from spreading, but there are currently no approved medicines to treat COVID-19. In this work, a dataset of 142 natural products collected from various medicinal plants was used to perform structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) through the combined application of molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods. First, the dataset of compounds was optimized using the density functional theory (DFT) approach. The optimized compounds were then submitted to the first screening, which was done by the pKCM web server to look for drug-likeness and the PyRx to look for binding affinity. Among the 142 natural substances, 10 compounds were selected for docking validation. Compounds that interact with CYS145 and LEU141, the essential catalytic residues, as well as compounds with binding affinities less than -8.0 kcal/mol, are considered promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug candidates. The top-ranked compounds were then evaluated by MD simulations and MM-GBSA method. These results could help researchers come up with new natural compounds that could be used to treat SARS-CoV-2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah El Aissouq
- Laboratory of Processes, Materials, and Environment (LPME), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouachrine
- MCNS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | | | - Abdelkrim Ouammou
- LIMOME Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Fouad Khalil
- Laboratory of Processes, Materials, and Environment (LPME), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Scheper M, Iyer A, Anink JJ, Mesarosova L, Mills JD, Aronica E. Dysregulation of miR-543 in Parkinson's disease: Impact on the neuroprotective gene SIRT1. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12864. [PMID: 36352829 PMCID: PMC10100056 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and age-dependent neurodegenerative disease characterised clinically by a variety of motor symptoms and cognitive impairment. PD was initially considered to be a grey matter disease; however, recently, evidence has emerged that white matter changes in PD precede the neuronal loss seen in the grey matter. The cause of these initial white matter changes is yet to be elucidated. Here, we explored whether dysregulated miRNAs and their target mRNA could provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of early white matter changes in PD. METHODS We analysed the expression of miRNAs in three different stages of PD through RNA-sequencing and validated the differential expression of miRNAs through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. With bioinformatic analyses, we predicted target genes of dysregulated miRNAs and investigated their biomarker potential. Finally, in vitro, we confirmed the targetting of the gene SIRT1 by miR-543. RESULTS We identified 12 dysregulated miRNAs in PD and found that miR-543 holds potential as a biomarker for late-stage PD with dementia. We report upregulation of miR-543 in early PD white matter tissue and downregulation of SIRT1. In vitro experiments showed that the upregulation of miR-543 results in the downregulation of SIRT1 in the white matter, but not in the grey matter. CONCLUSIONS We validated SIRT1 as a target of miR-543 in the brain and showed its function as a potential biomarker. Our results highlight the idea that dysregulation of miR-543 in early PD white matter, resulting in the dysregulation of SIRT1, potentially influencing the early white matter changes observed in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirte Scheper
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anand Iyer
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Mesarosova
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ziętara P, Dziewięcka M, Augustyniak M. Why Is Longevity Still a Scientific Mystery? Sirtuins-Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010728. [PMID: 36614171 PMCID: PMC9821238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The sirtuin system consists of seven highly conserved regulatory enzymes responsible for metabolism, antioxidant protection, and cell cycle regulation. The great interest in sirtuins is associated with the potential impact on life extension. This article summarizes the latest research on the activity of sirtuins and their role in the aging process. The effects of compounds that modulate the activity of sirtuins were discussed, and in numerous studies, their effectiveness was demonstrated. Attention was paid to the role of a caloric restriction and the risks associated with the influence of careless sirtuin modulation on the organism. It has been shown that low modulators' bioavailability/retention time is a crucial problem for optimal regulation of the studied pathways. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the modulator structure and potential reactivity with sirtuins in silico studies should precede in vitro and in vivo experiments. The latest achievements in nanobiotechnology make it possible to create promising molecules, but many of them remain in the sphere of plans and concepts. It seems that solving the mystery of longevity will have to wait for new scientific discoveries.
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Flavones: Six Selected Flavones and Their Related Signaling Pathways That Induce Apoptosis in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810965. [PMID: 36142874 PMCID: PMC9505532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a horrific disease that, to date, has no cure. It is caused by various factors and takes many lives. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism and if it does not function correctly in cancer cells, it can lead to severe disease. There are various signaling pathways for regulating apoptosis in cancer cells. Flavonoids are non-artificial natural bioactive compounds that are gaining attention as being capable of for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Among these, in this study, we focus on flavones. Flavones are a subclass of the numerous available flavonoids and possess several bioactive functions. Some of the most reported and well-known critical flavones, namely apigenin, acacetin, baicalein, luteolin, tangeretin, and wogonin, are discussed in depth in this review. Our main aim is to investigate the effects of the selected flavones on apoptosis and cell signaling pathways that contribute to death due to various types of cancers.
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Curry AM, White DS, Donu D, Cen Y. Human Sirtuin Regulators: The "Success" Stories. Front Physiol 2021; 12:752117. [PMID: 34744791 PMCID: PMC8568457 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.752117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human sirtuins are a group of NAD+-dependent protein deacylases. They “erase” acyl modifications from lysine residues in various cellular targets including histones, transcription factors, and metabolic enzymes. Through these far-reaching activities, sirtuins regulate a diverse array of biological processes ranging from gene transcription to energy metabolism. Human sirtuins have been intensely pursued by both academia and industry as therapeutic targets for a broad spectrum of diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. The last two decades have witnessed a flood of small molecule sirtuin regulators. However, there remain relatively few compounds targeting human sirtuins in clinical development. This reflects the inherent issues concerning the development of isoform-selective and potent molecules with good drug-like properties. In this article, small molecule sirtuin regulators that have advanced into clinical trials will be discussed in details as “successful” examples for future drug development. Special attention is given to the discovery of these compounds, the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics analysis, formulation, as well as the clinical outcomes observed in the trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson M Curry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Dawanna S White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Dickson Donu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Yana Cen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Total Synthesis of Resvebassianol A, a Metabolite of Resveratrol by Beauveria bassiana. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101509. [PMID: 34679644 PMCID: PMC8532873 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a well-known dietary polyphenol because it has a variety of beneficial biological activities. The fungus Beauveria bassiana is one of the most frequently used microorganisms for the biotransformation of polyphenols. Recently, resvebassianol A (2), a glycosylated metabolite of resveratrol by B. bassiana, was isolated and structurally elucidated. It was demonstrated to exhibit antioxidant, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory activities with no cytotoxicity. Here, we report the first total synthesis of resvebassianol A, 4′-O-β-(4‴-O-methylglucopyranosyl)resveratrol (2), and its regiomer, 3-O-β-(4‴-O-methylglucopyranosyl)resveratrol (3). Key reactions include (i) the construction of a stilbene core via a novel Heck reaction of aryl halides and styrenes, and (ii) glycosylation with unnatural methylglucopyranosyl bromide. The glycosylation step was carefully optimized by varying the bases and solvents. Resveratrol metabolites 2 and 3 were obtained at 7.5% and 6.3% of the overall yield, respectively.
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Boo YC. Mechanistic Basis and Clinical Evidence for the Applications of Nicotinamide (Niacinamide) to Control Skin Aging and Pigmentation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1315. [PMID: 34439563 PMCID: PMC8389214 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid, niacin) deficiency causes the systemic disease pellagra, which leads to dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and possibly death depending on its severity and duration. Vitamin B3 is used in the synthesis of the NAD+ family of coenzymes, contributing to cellular energy metabolism and defense systems. Although nicotinamide (niacinamide) is primarily used as a nutritional supplement for vitamin B3, its pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical uses have been extensively explored. In this review, we discuss the biological activities and cosmeceutical properties of nicotinamide in consideration of its metabolic pathways. Supplementation of nicotinamide restores cellular NAD+ pool and mitochondrial energetics, attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory response, enhances extracellular matrix and skin barrier, and inhibits the pigmentation process in the skin. Topical treatment of nicotinamide, alone or in combination with other active ingredients, reduces the progression of skin aging and hyperpigmentation in clinical trials. Topically applied nicotinamide is well tolerated by the skin. Currently, there is no convincing evidence that nicotinamide has specific molecular targets for controlling skin aging and pigmentation. This substance is presumed to contribute to maintaining skin homeostasis by regulating the redox status of cells along with various metabolites produced from it. Thus, it is suggested that nicotinamide will be useful as a cosmeceutical ingredient to attenuate skin aging and hyperpigmentation, especially in the elderly or patients with reduced NAD+ pool in the skin due to internal or external stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chool Boo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Protective effect and mechanism of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide against optic neuritis in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107846. [PMID: 34174704 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are commonly accompanied by optic neuritis (ON) that causes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and even vision loss. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) can protect against cell apoptosis and attenuate MS-triggered symptoms. However, the effect of NAD+ on MS-triggered ON remains unclear. Herein, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was established by immunizing female C57BL/6 mice with MOG35-55 peptide. To investigate the effect of NAD+ on ON prevention and treatment, EAE mice received 250 mg/kg NAD+ daily via intraperitoneal injection after immunization and EAE onset, respectively. EX-527 (10 mg/kg, SIRT1 inhibitor) was intraperitoneally injected every two days to explore the role of SIRT1 in NAD+-induced therapeutic effect on EAE. NAD+ intervention attenuated the severity of EAE in mice. NAD+ intervention relieved inflammatory infiltration and CD3+ and CD4+ cell infiltration and decreased the number and activation of microglia and astrocytes in the optic nerve. NAD+ intervention also attenuated demyelination, axonal loss, oligodendrocyte apoptosis and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell recruitment and proliferation in the optic nerve and protected against RGC apoptosis in the retina. NAD+ intervention decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA and pro-apoptotic protein expression and enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression and the SIRT1 signaling in the optic nerve and retina and regulated the Th1/Th17/Tregs immune response in the spleen. In addition, EX-527 reversed the therapeutic effect of NAD+ on EAE, suggesting that NAD+ prevented MS-triggered ON by activating the SIRT1 signaling pathway. This study shows the potential of NAD+ to be used as a drug in preventing and treating MS-related ON.
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Maiese K. Nicotinamide as a Foundation for Treating Neurodegenerative Disease and Metabolic Disorders. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 18:134-149. [PMID: 33397266 PMCID: PMC8254823 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617999210104220334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders impact more than one billion individuals worldwide and are intimately tied to metabolic disease that can affect another nine hundred individuals throughout the globe. Nicotinamide is a critical agent that may offer fruitful prospects for neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus. Nicotinamide protects against multiple toxic environments that include reactive oxygen species exposure, anoxia, excitotoxicity, ethanolinduced neuronal injury, amyloid (Aß) toxicity, age-related vascular disease, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, excess lactate production, and loss of glucose homeostasis with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. However, nicotinamide offers cellular protection in a specific concentration range, with dosing outside of this range leading to detrimental effects. The underlying biological pathways of nicotinamide that involve the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs) may offer insight for the clinical translation of nicotinamide into a safe and efficacious therapy through the modulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. Nicotinamide is a highly promising target for the development of innovative strategies for neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic disease, but the benefits of this foundation depend greatly on gaining a further understanding of nicotinamide's complex biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, New York 10022
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Chudzińska M, Rogowicz D, Wołowiec Ł, Banach J, Sielski S, Bujak R, Sinkiewicz A, Grześk G. Resveratrol and cardiovascular system-the unfulfilled hopes. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 190:981-986. [PMID: 33219913 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound with a stilbene structure endowed with multiple health-promoting effects. Among phenolic compounds, resveratrol is assigned a leading role in the health-promoting effects of red wine. METHODS The aim of the study was to assess the effect of resveratrol on the cardiovascular system in the experimental and clinical studies conducted so far. Moreover, the paper discusses the results of the most recent meta-analyses assessing resveratrol's therapeutic effect on the cardiovascular system in humans. RESULTS In animal and preclinical studies, resveratrol has demonstrated a wide physiological and biochemical spectrum of activity, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, and anticoagulant activities, which translated into its health-promoting effects on the cardiovascular system. The performed meta-analyses allow to confirm such an impact, however, after the assessment with the use of the SYRCLE's tool, these studies are burdened with a high risk of bias, and the results are not clearly presented. CONCLUSION Despite numerous articles and clinical studies, the convincing beneficial mechanisms of resveratrol as well as its health-promoting effects in cardiovascular diseases have not been clearly confirmed in humans. Therefore, there is a need for further clinical studies, especially randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to objectively confirm the possible health-promoting effects of this substance and to determine both the efficacy and safety, and possible therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Chudzińska
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 3 Dębowa Street, 85-626, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Daniel Rogowicz
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 75 Ujejskiego Street, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Wołowiec
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 75 Ujejskiego Street, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Banach
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 75 Ujejskiego Street, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Sielski
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 75 Ujejskiego Street, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Bujak
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 75 Ujejskiego Street, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Sinkiewicz
- Department of Phoniatrics and Audiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 75 Ujejskiego Street, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Grześk
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 75 Ujejskiego Street, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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6,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone protects against H 2O 2-induced cellular senescence by inducing SIRT1 and inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway activation. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:863-872. [PMID: 33111210 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
6, 4'-Dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (DMF) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective activities. However, its effect on oxidative stress-induced aging remains undemonstrated. This study aimed at investigating the anti-senescence effect of DMF on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced premature senescence, and associated molecular mechanisms in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The cells were DMF pretreated with small interfering RNA (siRNAs) of control or sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) before H2O2 exposure, and western blot analysis, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, cell counting, gene silencing, and SIRT1 activity assay were performed. Pretreatment with DMF inhibited H2O2-induced senescence phenotypes, which showed decreased SA-β-gal activity and increased cell growth in comparison with H2O2-treated HDFs. Meanwhile, the decreases in ac-p53, p21Cip1/WAF1, and p16Ink4a and the increases in pRb and cyclin D1 were observed. DMF was also found to induce SIRT1 expression and activity level concentration- and time-dependently. Moreover, SIRT1 inhibition abrogated DMF senescence prevention. Additionally, Akt and ERK were activated with different kinetics after H2O2 exposure, and Akt activity inhibition attenuated SA-β-gal activity augmentation. We also found that DMF inhibited H2O2-induced Akt phosphorylation. This study indicates that DMF effectively protects against oxidative stress-induced premature senescence through SIRT1 expression up-regulation and Akt pathway inhibition in HDFs. These results suggest that DMF can be a potential therapeutic molecule for age-related diseases, or a protective agent against the aging process.
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Yin Z, Park R, Choi BM. Isoparvifuran isolated from Dalbergia odorifera attenuates H 2O 2-induced senescence of BJ cells through SIRT1 activation and AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:925-931. [PMID: 33010892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Isoparvifuran is a benzofuran compound isolated from the heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera. Related research reported that isoparvifuran has antioxidant property. However, it is unclear whether isoparvifuran has anti-aging effects. In this research, we established an aging model, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced BJ cell senescence, to explore the protective effect of isoparvifuran on cell senescence and its related mechanisms. Our results revealed that isoparvifuran obviously attenuated H2O2-induced cell senescence, increased the cell proliferation rate,and reversed senescence-associated molecular markers expression such as cyclin D1, pRb, caveolin-1, ace-p53, p21 and p16. Moreover, isoparvifuran dose and time dependently increased the expression level of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in BJ cells. The inhibition of SIRT1 obviously reversed the reduction of SA-β-gal activity and the alteration of senescence-associated molecular markers induced by isoparvifuran. Additionally, isoparvifuran also inhibited H2O2-induced AKT and S6 phosphorylation and increase of SA-β-gal activity. In summary, isoparvifuran protects BJ cells from H2O2-induced premature senescence, the anti-senescence effect of isoparvifuran is associated with the activation of SIRT1 and the suppression of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengsheng Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Min Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin-based N-hydroxycinnamamide derivatives as novel histone deacetylase inhibitors with anticancer activities. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:104023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Kulka LAM, Fangmann PV, Panfilova D, Olzscha H. Impact of HDAC Inhibitors on Protein Quality Control Systems: Consequences for Precision Medicine in Malignant Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:425. [PMID: 32582706 PMCID: PMC7291789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is one of the major posttranslational modifications (PTM) in human cells and thus needs to be tightly regulated by the writers of this process, the histone acetyl transferases (HAT), and the erasers, the histone deacetylases (HDAC). Acetylation plays a crucial role in cell signaling, cell cycle control and in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Bromodomain (BRD)-containing proteins are readers of the acetylation mark, enabling them to transduce the modification signal. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been proven to be efficient in hematologic malignancies with four of them being approved by the FDA. However, the mechanisms by which HDACi exert their cytotoxicity are only partly resolved. It is likely that HDACi alter the acetylation pattern of cytoplasmic proteins, contributing to their anti-cancer potential. Recently, it has been demonstrated that various protein quality control (PQC) systems are involved in recognizing the altered acetylation pattern upon HDACi treatment. In particular, molecular chaperones, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are able to sense the structurally changed proteins, providing additional targets. Recent clinical studies of novel HDACi have proven that proteins of the UPS may serve as biomarkers for stratifying patient groups under HDACi regimes. In addition, members of the PQC systems have been shown to modify the epigenetic readout of HDACi treated cells and alter proteostasis in the nucleus, thus contributing to changing gene expression profiles. Bromodomain (BRD)-containing proteins seem to play a potent role in transducing the signaling process initiating apoptosis, and many clinical trials are under way to test BRD inhibitors. Finally, it has been demonstrated that HDACi treatment leads to protein misfolding and aggregation, which may explain the effect of panobinostat, the latest FDA approved HDACi, in combination with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in multiple myeloma. Therefore, proteins of these PQC systems provide valuable targets for precision medicine in cancer. In this review, we give an overview of the impact of HDACi treatment on PQC systems and their implications for malignant disease. We exemplify the development of novel HDACi and how affected proteins belonging to PQC can be used to determine molecular signatures and utilized in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Anna Michelle Kulka
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pia-Victoria Fangmann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Diana Panfilova
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Heidi Olzscha
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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17
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SIRT1 is required for the neuroprotection of resveratrol on retinal ganglion cells after retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 258:335-344. [PMID: 31900639 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) loss is closely related to visual impairment in glaucoma, so the neuroprotection on RGCs is important and novel for glaucoma research. SIRT1, a family member of sirtuins, is implicated in many crucial processes of eye diseases. The purpose of this study is to determine the neuroprotection of SIRT1 on RGCs and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of these effects in an experimental model for acute glaucoma. METHODS Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury was induced in C57BL/6J mice. Resveratrol (RSV, activator of SIRT1) and sirtinol (inhibitor of SIRT1) were injected intravitreally 1 day before IR injury. RGCs survival rate was quantified by immunofluorescence staining. RGCs apoptosis was evaluated by the staining of TUNEL and cleaved caspase-3, and SIRT1 level was detected by western blot. Expressions of phospho-Akt, Akt, Bax, and Bcl-2 were further determined by western blot to investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of SIRT1. RESULTS RGCs survival rates and SIRT1 levels were decreased over time after IR injury. Intravitreal injection of RSV remarkably attenuated RGCs loss in a dose-dependent manner, and the most effective concentration of RSV was 100 μM. Up-regulation of SIRT1 by RSV significantly inhibited RGCs apoptosis, increased p-Akt level, decreased Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expressions, and all these effects were diminished by 100 μM sirtinol. Moreover, there were no significant changes in total Akt and Bcl-2 levels. CONCLUSION SIRT1 activation by RSV confers neuroprotection on RGCs in retinal IR injury through the activation of Akt pathway and subsequent suppression of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Determination of the effective concentration of intravitreal injection of RSV also provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of RSV.
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18
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Attenuation of Equine Lentivirus Alters Mitochondrial Protein Expression Profile from Inflammation to Apoptosis. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00653-19. [PMID: 31391270 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00653-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is an equine lentivirus similar to HIV-1, targets host immune cells, and causes a life-long infection in horses. The Chinese live EIAV vaccine is attenuated from long-term passaging of a highly virulent strain in vitro The parent pathogenic strain (EIAVDLV34) induces a host inflammatory storm to cause severe pathological injury of animals. However, the vaccine strain (EIAVDLV121) induces a high level of apoptosis to eliminate infected cells. To investigate how these processes are regulated, we performed a comparative proteomics analysis and functional study in equine monocyte-derived macrophages (eMDMs) and found that the divergent mitochondrial protein expression profiles caused by EIAV strains with different virulence led to disparate mitochondrial function, morphology, and metabolism. This in turn promoted the distinct transformation of macrophage inflammatory polarization and intrinsic apoptosis. In EIAVDLV34-infected cells, a high level of glycolysis and increased mitochondrial fragmentation were induced, resulting in the M1-polarized proinflammatory-type transformation of macrophages and the subsequent production of a strong inflammatory response. Following infection with EIAVDLV121, the infected cells were transformed into M2-polarized anti-inflammatory macrophages by inhibition of glycolysis. In this case, a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and impairment of the electron transport chain led to increased levels of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species. These results correlated with viral pathogenicity loss and may help provide an understanding of the key mechanism of lentiviral attenuation.IMPORTANCE Following viral infection, the working pattern and function of the cell can be transformed through the impact on mitochondria. It still unknown how the mitochondrial response changes in cells infected with viruses in the process of virulence attenuation. EIAVDLV121 is the only effective lentiviral vaccine for large-scale use in the world. EIAVDLV34 is the parent pathogenic strain. Unlike EIAVDLV34-induced inflammation storms, EIAVDLV121 can induce high levels of apoptosis. For the first time, we found that, after the mitochondrial protein expression profile is altered, EIAVDLV34-infected cells are transformed into M1-polarized-type macrophages and cause inflammatory injury and that the intrinsic apoptosis pathway is activated in EIAVDLV121-infected cells. These studies shed light on how the mitochondrial protein expression profile changes between cells infected by pathogenic lentivirus strains and cells infected by attenuated lentivirus strains to drive different cellular responses, especially from inflammation to apoptosis.
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19
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Christensen DG, Xie X, Basisty N, Byrnes J, McSweeney S, Schilling B, Wolfe AJ. Post-translational Protein Acetylation: An Elegant Mechanism for Bacteria to Dynamically Regulate Metabolic Functions. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1604. [PMID: 31354686 PMCID: PMC6640162 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTM) decorate proteins to provide functional heterogeneity to an existing proteome. The large number of known PTMs highlights the many ways that cells can modify their proteins to respond to diverse stimuli. Recently, PTMs have begun to receive increased interest because new sensitive proteomics workflows and structural methodologies now allow researchers to obtain large-scale, in-depth and unbiased information concerning PTM type and site localization. However, few PTMs have been extensively assessed for functional consequences, leaving a large knowledge gap concerning the inner workings of the cell. Here, we review understanding of N-𝜀-lysine acetylation in bacteria, a PTM that was largely ignored in bacteria until a decade ago. Acetylation is a modification that can dramatically change the function of a protein through alteration of its properties, including hydrophobicity, solubility, and surface properties, all of which may influence protein conformation and interactions with substrates, cofactors and other macromolecules. Most bacteria carry genes predicted to encode the lysine acetyltransferases and lysine deacetylases that add and remove acetylations, respectively. Many bacteria also exhibit acetylation activities that do not depend on an enzyme, but instead on direct transfer of acetyl groups from the central metabolites acetyl coenzyme A or acetyl phosphate. Regardless of mechanism, most central metabolic enzymes possess lysines that are acetylated in a regulated fashion and many of these regulated sites are conserved across the spectrum of bacterial phylogeny. The interconnectedness of acetylation and central metabolism suggests that acetylation may be a response to nutrient availability or the energy status of the cell. However, this and other hypotheses related to acetylation remain untested.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Christensen
- Health Sciences Division, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Xueshu Xie
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Nathan Basisty
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - James Byrnes
- Energy & Photon Sciences Directorate, National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - Sean McSweeney
- Energy & Photon Sciences Directorate, National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | | | - Alan J. Wolfe
- Health Sciences Division, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
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20
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BK channel deacetylation by SIRT1 in dentate gyrus regulates anxiety and response to stress. Commun Biol 2018; 1:82. [PMID: 30271963 PMCID: PMC6123630 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous genomic studies in humans indicate that SIRT1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylase, is involved in anxiety and depression, but the mechanisms are unclear. We previously showed that SIRT1 is highly activated in the nuclear fraction of the dentate gyrus of the chronically stressed animals and inhibits memory formation and increases anhedonic behavior during chronic stress, but specific functional targets of cytoplasmic SIRT1 are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that SIRT1 activity rapidly modulates intrinsic and synaptic properties of the dentate gyrus granule cells and anxiety behaviors through deacetylation of BK channel α subunits in control animals. Chronic stress decreases BKα channel membrane expression, and SIRT1 activity has no rapid effects on synaptic transmission or intrinsic properties in the chronically stressed animal. These results suggest SIRT1 activity rapidly modulates the physiological function of the dentate gyrus, and this modulation participates in the maladaptive stress response. Diankun Yu et al. show that deacetylase SIRT1 rapidly modulates synaptic properties of the dentate gyrus granule cells and anxiety behaviors through deacetylation of BK channel α subunits. This study provides mechanistic insight into how SIRT1 regulates fight-or-flight stress response.
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21
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Drosophila larvae fed palm fruit juice (PFJ) delay pupation via expression regulation of hormetic stress response genes linked to ageing and longevity. Exp Gerontol 2018; 106:198-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Ratz-Łyko A, Arct J. Resveratrol as an active ingredient for cosmetic and dermatological applications: a review. J COSMET LASER THER 2018; 21:84-90. [PMID: 29737899 DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2018.1469767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is now being increasingly used in cosmetology and dermatology. This polyphenolic phytoalexin present in large amounts in red grapes and berries has a number of scientifically proven health-promoting properties associated with a positive effect on the cardiovascular system, lowering the concentration of low-density lipoprotein, and the ability to inhibit the cyclooxygenases activity. Additionally, it has antiproliferative, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Its popularity in cosmetology and dermatology is primarily associated with proven ability to penetrate the skin barrier and antiaging activity. It has been shown that formulations with resveratrol can stimulate the proliferation of fibroblasts and contributing to the increase in the concentration of collagen III. Resveratrol has an affinity for the estrogen protein receptors (both ERα and ERβ), thereby contributing to the stimulation of collagen types I and II production. Moreover, resveratrol also has the antioxidant properties, thus can protect cells against oxidative damage associated with the effects of free radicals and UV radiation on the skin by reducing the expression of AP-1 and NF-kB factors and it slows down the process of photoaging of the skin. This study reviews literature on the skin care properties of resveratrol and its dermal bioavailability, metabolism, and dermal safety of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ratz-Łyko
- a Cosmetology , The Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Jacek Arct
- a Cosmetology , The Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care , Warsaw , Poland
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23
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Jubierre L, Jiménez C, Rovira E, Soriano A, Sábado C, Gros L, Llort A, Hladun R, Roma J, Toledo JSD, Gallego S, Segura MF. Targeting of epigenetic regulators in neuroblastoma. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-12. [PMID: 29700278 PMCID: PMC5938021 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15,000 new cases of pediatric cancer are diagnosed yearly in Europe, with 8–10% corresponding to neuroblastoma, a rare disease with an incidence of 8–9 cases per million children <15 years of age. Although the survival rate for low-risk and intermediate-risk patients is excellent, half of children with high-risk, refractory, or relapsed tumors will be cured, and two-thirds of the other half will suffer major side effects and life-long disabilities. Epigenetic therapies aimed at reversing the oncogenic alterations in chromatin structure and function are an emerging alternative against aggressive tumors that are or will become resistant to conventional treatments. This approach proposes targeting epigenetic regulators, which are proteins that are involved in the creation, detection, and interpretation of epigenetic signals, such as methylation or histone post-translational modifications. In this review, we focused on the most promising epigenetic regulators for targeting and current drugs that have already reached clinical trials. Treatments that target chromatin, the combination of DNA and proteins, are emerging as alternative ways to treat aggressive neuroblastomas, cancers of neural tissue. Altering the structure and function of chromatin is a form of “epigenetic therapy”, treatment that affects inheritable molecular signals controlling the activity of genes, rather than targeting the genes directly. Researchers in Spain led by Miguel Segura at the Vall d’Hebron Research Institute in Barcelona review progress in developing epigenetic therapies for neuroblastomas. A growing body of fundamental research and evidence from clinical trials suggest this approach could open promising new avenues to treating aggressive and drug-resistant cancers. The authors recommend an increased effort to identify and explore the activities of small molecules that could form the basis of effective epigenetic therapies for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Jubierre
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Rovira
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aroa Soriano
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constantino Sábado
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Gros
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Llort
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Hladun
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Roma
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Sánchez de Toledo
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Gallego
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel F Segura
- Group of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Sengupta S, Yang C, Hegde ML, Hegde PM, Mitra J, Pandey A, Dutta A, Datarwala AT, Bhakat KK, Mitra S. Acetylation of oxidized base repair-initiating NEIL1 DNA glycosylase required for chromatin-bound repair complex formation in the human genome increases cellular resistance to oxidative stress. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 66-67:1-10. [PMID: 29698889 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of DNA repair proteins have been linked to their function. However, it is not clear if posttranslational acetylation affects subcellular localization of these enzymes. Here, we show that the human DNA glycosylase NEIL1, which is involved in repair of both endo- and exogenously generated oxidized bases via the base excision repair (BER) pathway, is acetylated by histone acetyltransferase p300. Acetylation occurs predominantly at Lys residues 296, 297 and 298 located in NEIL1's disordered C-terminal domain. NEIL1 mutant having the substitution of Lys 296-298 with neutral Ala loses nuclear localization, whereas Lys > Arg substitution (in 3KR mutant) at the same sites does not affect NEIL1's nuclear localization or chromatin binding, presumably due to retention of the positive charge. Although non-acetylated NEIL1 can bind to chromatin, acetylated NEIL1 is exclusively chromatin-bound. NEIL1 acetylation while dispensable for its glycosylase activity enhances it due to increased product release. The acetylation-defective 3KR mutant forms less stable complexes with various chromatin proteins, including histone chaperones and BER/single-strand break repair partners, than the wild-type (WT) NEIL1. We also showed that the repair complex with WT NEIL1 has significantly higher BER activity than the 3KR mutant complex. This is consistent with reduced resistance of non-acetylable mutant NEIL1 expressing cells to oxidative stress relative to cells expressing the acetylable WT enzyme. We thus conclude that the major role of acetylable Lys residues in NEIL1 is to stabilize the formation of chromatin-bound repair complexes which protect cells from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiladitya Sengupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Chunying Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pavana M Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arvind Pandey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arijit Dutta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Abdul Tayyeb Datarwala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Kishor K Bhakat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sankar Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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25
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Li XN, Chen L, Luo B, Li X, Wang CY, Zou W, Zhang P, You Y, Tang XQ. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates chronic restrain stress-induced cognitive impairment by upreglulation of Sirt1 in hippocampus. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100396-100410. [PMID: 29245987 PMCID: PMC5725029 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic restraint stress (CRS) has detrimental effects on cognitive function. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as a neuromodulator, regulates learning and memory. Hippocampus is a key structure in learning and memory. Sirt1 (silence signal regulating factor 1) plays an important role in modulating cognitive function. Therefore, our present work was to investigate whether H2S meliorates CRS-induced damage in hippocampus and impairment in cognition, and further to explore whether the underlying mechanism is via upreglulating Sirt1. In our present work, the behavior experiments [Y-maze test, Novel object recognition (NOR) test, Morris water maze (MWM) test] showed that sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a donor of H2S) blocked CRS-induced cognitive impairments in rats. NaHS inhibited CRS-induced hippocampal oxidative stress as evidenced by decrease in MDA level as well as increases in GSH content and SOD activity. NaHS rescued CRS-generated ER stress as evidenced by downregulations of CPR78, CHOP, and cleaved caspase-12. NaHS reduced CRS-exerted apoptosis as evidenced by decreases in the number of TUNEL-positive cells and Bax expression as well as increase in Bcl-2 expression. NaHS upregulated the expression of Sirt1 in the hippocampus of CRS-exposed rats. Furthermore, inhibited Sirt1 by Sirtinol reversed the protective effects of NaHS against CRS-produced cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress, ER stress as well as apoptosis in hippocampus. Together, these results suggest that H2S meliorates CRS-induced hippocampal damage and cognitive impairment by upregulation of hippocampal Sirt1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China.,Department of Physiology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China.,Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Bang Luo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China.,Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China.,Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yong You
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China.,Department of Physiology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
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Jang H, Srichayet P, Park WJ, Heo HJ, Kim DO, Tongchitpakdee S, Kim TJ, Jung SH, Lee CY. Phyllanthus emblica L. (Indian gooseberry) extracts protect against retinal degeneration in a mouse model of amyloid beta-induced Alzheimer’s disease. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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27
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Pirat C, Dacquet C, Leclerc V, Hennuyer N, Beucher-Gaudin M, Zanirato G, Géant A, Staels B, Ktorza A, Farce A, Caignard DH, Berthelot P, Lebegue N. Anti-diabetic activity of fused PPARγ-SIRT1 ligands with limited body-weight gain by mimicking calorie restriction and decreasing SGK1 expression. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 137:310-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17β-Estradiol via SIRT1/Acetyl-p53/NF-kB Signaling Pathway Rescued Postnatal Rat Brain Against Acute Ethanol Intoxication. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3067-3078. [PMID: 28466267 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidences reveal that 17β-estradiol has a wide variety of neuroprotective potential. Recently, it has been shown that 17β-estradiol can limit ethanol-induced neurotoxicity in neonatal rats. Whether it can stimulate SIRT1 signaling against ethanol intoxicity in developing brain remain elusive. Here, we report for the first time that 17β-estradiol activated SIRT1 to deacetylate p53 proteins against acute ethanol-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. A single subcutaneous injection of ethanol-induced oxidative stress triggered phospho c-jun N terminal kinase (p-JNK) and phospho mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) accompanied by neuroinflammation and widespread neurodegeneration. In contrast, 17β-estradiol cotreatment positively regulated SIRT1, inhibited p53 acetylation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, p-JNK, and p-mTOR activation and reduced neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death in the postnatal rat brain. Interestingly, SIRT1 inhibition with its inhibitor, i.e., EX527 further enhanced ethanol intoxication and also abolished the beneficial effects of 17β-estradiol against ethanol in the young rat's brain. Indeed, 17β-estradiol treatment increased the cell viability (HT22 cells), inhibited ROS production via the SIRT1/Acetyl-p53 pathway, and reduced the nuclear translocation of phospho-nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-kB) in the BV2 microglia cells. Taken together, these results show that 17β-estradiol can be used as a potential neuroprotective agent against acute ethanol intoxication.
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29
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Tatham MH, Cole C, Scullion P, Wilkie R, Westwood NJ, Stark LA, Hay RT. A Proteomic Approach to Analyze the Aspirin-mediated Lysine Acetylome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:310-326. [PMID: 27913581 PMCID: PMC5294217 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o116.065219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid is widely used to control pain, inflammation and fever. Important to this function is its ability to irreversibly acetylate cyclooxygenases at active site serines. Aspirin has the potential to acetylate other amino acid side-chains, leading to the possibility that aspirin-mediated lysine acetylation could explain some of its as-yet unexplained drug actions or side-effects. Using isotopically labeled aspirin-d3, in combination with acetylated lysine purification and LC-MS/MS, we identified over 12000 sites of lysine acetylation from cultured human cells. Although aspirin amplifies endogenous acetylation signals at the majority of detectable endogenous sites, cells tolerate aspirin mediated acetylation very well unless cellular deacetylases are inhibited. Although most endogenous acetylations are amplified by orders of magnitude, lysine acetylation site occupancies remain very low even after high doses of aspirin. This work shows that while aspirin has enormous potential to alter protein function, in the majority of cases aspirin-mediated acetylations do not accumulate to levels likely to elicit biological effects. These findings are consistent with an emerging model for cellular acetylation whereby stoichiometry correlates with biological relevance, and deacetylases act to minimize the biological consequences of nonspecific chemical acetylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Tatham
- From the ‡Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH. UK
| | - Christian Cole
- §Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH. UK
| | - Paul Scullion
- ¶Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH. UK
| | - Ross Wilkie
- ‖School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife. KY16 9ST. UK
| | - Nicholas J Westwood
- ‖School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife. KY16 9ST. UK
| | - Lesley A Stark
- **Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Ronald T Hay
- From the ‡Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH. UK;
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30
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Khan RS, Dine K, Bauman B, Lorentsen M, Lin L, Brown H, Hanson LR, Svitak AL, Wessel H, Brown L, Shindler KS. Intranasal Delivery of A Novel Amnion Cell Secretome Prevents Neuronal Damage and Preserves Function In A Mouse Multiple Sclerosis Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41768. [PMID: 28139754 PMCID: PMC5282572 DOI: 10.1038/srep41768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of a novel intranasally delivered amnion cell derived biologic to suppress inflammation, prevent neuronal damage and preserve neurologic function in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal model of multiple sclerosis was assessed. Currently, there are no existing optic nerve treatment methods for disease or trauma that result in permanent vision loss. Demyelinating optic nerve inflammation, termed optic neuritis, induces permanent visual dysfunction due to retinal ganglion cell damage in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. ST266, the biological secretome of Amnion-derived Multipotent Progenitor cells, contains multiple anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Intranasally administered ST266 accumulated in rodent eyes and optic nerves, attenuated visual dysfunction, and prevented retinal ganglion cell loss in experimental optic neuritis, with reduced inflammation and demyelination. Additionally, ST266 reduced retinal ganglion cell death in vitro. Neuroprotective effects involved oxidative stress reduction, SIRT1-mediated mitochondrial function promotion, and pAKT signaling. Intranasal delivery of neuroprotective ST266 is a potential novel, noninvasive therapeutic modality for the eyes, optic nerves and brain. The unique combination of biologic molecules in ST266 provides an innovative approach with broad implications for suppressing inflammation in autoimmune diseases, and for preventing neuronal damage in acute neuronal injury and chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reas S Khan
- Scheie Eye Institute and FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kimberly Dine
- Scheie Eye Institute and FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bailey Bauman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Lorentsen
- Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa Lin
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Helayna Brown
- Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Howard Wessel
- Noveome Biotherapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Larry Brown
- Noveome Biotherapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kenneth S Shindler
- Scheie Eye Institute and FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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31
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Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Treatment of cardiovascular pathology with epigenetically active agents: Focus on natural and synthetic inhibitors of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. Int J Cardiol 2016; 227:66-82. [PMID: 27852009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) retains a leadership as a major cause of human death worldwide. Although a substantial progress was attained in the development of cardioprotective and vasculoprotective drugs, a search for new efficient therapeutic strategies and promising targets is under way. Modulation of epigenetic CVD mechanisms through administration epigenetically active agents is one of such new approaches. Epigenetic mechanisms involve heritable changes in gene expression that are not linked to the alteration of DNA sequence. Pathogenesis of CVDs is associated with global genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications. Epigenetically active compounds that influence activity of epigenetic modulators such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases (HDACs), etc. may correct these pathogenic changes in the epigenome and therefore be used for CVD therapy. To date, many epigenetically active natural substances (such as polyphenols and flavonoids) and synthetic compounds such as DNMT inhibitors or HDAC inhibitors are known. Both native and chemical DNMT and HDAC inhibitors possess a wide range of cytoprotective activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-anfibrotic, and anti-hypertrophic properties, which are beneficial of treatment of a variety of CVDs. However, so far, only synthetic DNMT inhibitors enter clinical trials while synthetic HDAC inhibitors are still under evaluation in preclinical studies. In this review, we consider epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications in cardiovascular pathology and the epigenetics-based therapeutic approaches focused on the implementation of DNMT and HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, 121609, Russia; National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
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32
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Lim R, Barker G, Menon R, Lappas M. A Novel Role for SIRT3 in Regulating Mediators Involved in the Terminal Pathways of Human Labor and Delivery. Biol Reprod 2016; 95:95. [PMID: 27628218 PMCID: PMC5333934 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.142372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth remains the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, mediated largely by an inflammatory process. The sirtuin (SIRT) family of cellular regulators has been implicated as key inhibitors of inflammation. We have previously reported a role for SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT6 in regulating inflammation-induced prolabor mediators. In this study, we determined the effect of term labor and pro-inflammatory cytokines on SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5, and SIRT7 expression in human myometrium. Functional studies were also used to investigate the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of SIRTs in regulating inflammation-induced prolabor mediators. Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR were used to determine SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5, and SIRT7 mRNA and protein expression in human myometrium. Small interfering RNA knockdown of SIRT3 in myometrial primary cells determined its role in response to inflammatory stimuli IL1B and TNF. SIRT3 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly lower in term laboring myometrium compared with term nonlaboring myometrium. There was no effect of labor on SIRT4, SIRT5 or SIRT7 protein expression. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1B and TNF significantly decreased levels of SIRT3 mRNA and protein expression. SIRT3 knockdown by siRNA significantly augmented IL1B- and TNF-stimulated IL6, CXCL8, and CCL2 mRNA expression and release; PTGS2 mRNA expression and subsequent PGF2alpha release; the mRNA expression and secretion of the adhesion molecule ICAM1 and the extracellular matrix remodeling enzyme MMP9; and nuclear factor kappa B1 (NFkappaB1) transcriptional activity. In human myometrium, SIRT3 expression decreases with term labor and regulates the mediators involved in the terminal effector pathways of human labor and delivery through the NFkappaB1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratana Lim
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gillian Barker
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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33
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Choudhury G, MacNee W. Role of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Pathology of Ageing in COPD: Potential Therapeutic Interventions. COPD 2016; 14:122-135. [DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2016.1214948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Choudhury
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 little France Crescent Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - William MacNee
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 little France Crescent Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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34
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Inoue H, Kishimoto A, Ushikoshi-Nakayama R, Hasaka A, Takahashi A, Ryo K, Muramatsu T, Ide F, Mishima K, Saito I. Resveratrol improves salivary dysfunction in a non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 59:107-112. [PMID: 27698537 PMCID: PMC5018577 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.16-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol produced by plants in response to environmental stress. This compound has been shown to have pharmacological effects against a wide range of diseases including neurological, hepatic, cardiovascular and autoimmune conditions. The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, in which loss of lacrimal and salivary gland function occurs, has been studied as an animal model for Sjögren’s syndrome. In this study, we confirmed that administration of resveratrol results in increased secretion of saliva in NOD mice. Although resveratrol enhanced Sirt1 activity, inflammatory cell infiltration was not affected. Moreover, expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in salivary glands was enhanced in the resveratrol-administered group. Thus, we confirmed a novel therapeutic effect for resveratrol on salivary dysfunction in Sjögren’s syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan; Department of Pharmacotherapy, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kita-Adachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kishimoto
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoko Ushikoshi-Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hasaka
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Ayako Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Koufuchi Ryo
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan; Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental Collage, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Fumio Ide
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan; Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ichiro Saito
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
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35
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Rozmer Z, Perjési P. Naturally occurring chalcones and their biological activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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36
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Nicotinamide and resveratrol regulate bovine adipogenesis through a SIRT1-dependent mechanism. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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37
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Hentchel KL, Escalante-Semerena JC. Acylation of Biomolecules in Prokaryotes: a Widespread Strategy for the Control of Biological Function and Metabolic Stress. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2015; 79:321-46. [PMID: 26179745 PMCID: PMC4503791 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00020-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acylation of biomolecules (e.g., proteins and small molecules) is a process that occurs in cells of all domains of life and has emerged as a critical mechanism for the control of many aspects of cellular physiology, including chromatin maintenance, transcriptional regulation, primary metabolism, cell structure, and likely other cellular processes. Although this review focuses on the use of acetyl moieties to modify a protein or small molecule, it is clear that cells can use many weak organic acids (e.g., short-, medium-, and long-chain mono- and dicarboxylic aliphatics and aromatics) to modify a large suite of targets. Acetylation of biomolecules has been studied for decades within the context of histone-dependent regulation of gene expression and antibiotic resistance. It was not until the early 2000s that the connection between metabolism, physiology, and protein acetylation was reported. This was the first instance of a metabolic enzyme (acetyl coenzyme A [acetyl-CoA] synthetase) whose activity was controlled by acetylation via a regulatory system responsive to physiological cues. The above-mentioned system was comprised of an acyltransferase and a partner deacylase. Given the reversibility of the acylation process, this system is also referred to as reversible lysine acylation (RLA). A wealth of information has been obtained since the discovery of RLA in prokaryotes, and we are just beginning to visualize the extent of the impact that this regulatory system has on cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Hentchel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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38
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Braidy N, Poljak A, Grant R, Jayasena T, Mansour H, Chan-Ling T, Smythe G, Sachdev P, Guillemin GJ. Differential expression of sirtuins in the aging rat brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:167. [PMID: 26005404 PMCID: PMC4424846 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there are seven mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-7), little is known about their expression in the aging brain. To characterize the change(s) in mRNA and protein expression of SIRT1-7 and their associated proteins in the brain of “physiologically” aged Wistar rats. We tested mRNA and protein expression levels of rat SIRT1-7, and the levels of associated proteins in the brain using RT-PCR and western blotting. Our data shows that SIRT1 expression increases with age, concurrently with increased acetylated p53 levels in all brain regions investigated. SIRT2 and FOXO3a protein levels increased only in the occipital lobe. SIRT3-5 expression declined significantly in the hippocampus and frontal lobe, associated with increases in superoxide and fatty acid oxidation levels, and acetylated CPS-1 protein expression, and a reduction in MnSOD level. While SIRT6 expression declines significantly with age acetylated H3K9 protein expression is increased throughout the brain. SIRT7 and Pol I protein expression increased in the frontal lobe. This study identifies previously unknown roles for sirtuins in regulating cellular homeostasis and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ross Grant
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tharusha Jayasena
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hussein Mansour
- Retinal and Developmental Neurobiology Lab, Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Tailoi Chan-Ling
- Retinal and Developmental Neurobiology Lab, Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - George Smythe
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuropharmacology Group, MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University North Ryde NSW, Australia
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39
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Bassett SA, Barnett MPG. The role of dietary histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors in health and disease. Nutrients 2014; 6:4273-301. [PMID: 25322459 PMCID: PMC4210916 DOI: 10.3390/nu6104273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification of the histone proteins associated with DNA is an important process in the epigenetic regulation of DNA structure and function. There are several known modifications to histones, including methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation, and a range of factors influence each of these. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) remove the acetyl group from lysine residues within a range of proteins, including transcription factors and histones. Whilst this means that their influence on cellular processes is more complex and far-reaching than histone modifications alone, their predominant function appears to relate to histones; through deacetylation of lysine residues they can influence expression of genes encoded by DNA linked to the histone molecule. HDAC inhibitors in turn regulate the activity of HDACs, and have been widely used as therapeutics in psychiatry and neurology, in which a number of adverse outcomes are associated with aberrant HDAC function. More recently, dietary HDAC inhibitors have been shown to have a regulatory effect similar to that of pharmacological HDAC inhibitors without the possible side-effects. Here, we discuss a number of dietary HDAC inhibitors, and how they may have therapeutic potential in the context of a whole food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalome A Bassett
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Matthew P G Barnett
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Yan SM, Han X, Han PJ, Chen HM, Huang LY, Li Y. SIRT3 is a novel prognostic biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oncol 2014; 31:103. [PMID: 25005846 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) protein is a member of Sirtuins family. It functions as a critical mitochondrial deacetylase, which is involved in a variety of diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. However, its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has never been investigated before. With the help of immunohistochemistry, we studied the clinical significance of SIRT3 expression in ESCC. The receiver operating characteristic method was used to define the SIRT3 IRS cutoff value. The correlations between SIRT3 expression and clinicopathological variables were assessed using Pearson's χ (2) test. To evaluate the clinical significance of SIRT3 expression, Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare postoperative survival between different SIRT3 expression groups of ESCC patients. High expression of SIRT3 in ESCC tissues was more frequently observed than corresponding adjacent non-malignant esophageal mucosa tissues. No correlations were found between SIRT3 expression and clinical parameters. Multivariate analysis revealed that SIRT3 expression was an independent prognostic factor in ESCC (HR 1.454, P = 0.034). Increased SIRT3 expression suggests unfavorable prognosis for ESCC patients. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Pathology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
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Treadmill training increases SIRT-1 and PGC-1 α protein levels and AMPK phosphorylation in quadriceps of middle-aged rats in an intensity-dependent manner. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:987017. [PMID: 25002755 PMCID: PMC4070581 DOI: 10.1155/2014/987017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of running at 0.8 or 1.2 km/h on inflammatory proteins (i.e., protein levels of TNF- α , IL-1 β , and NF- κ B) and metabolic proteins (i.e., protein levels of SIRT-1 and PGC-1 α , and AMPK phosphorylation) in quadriceps of rats. Male Wistar rats at 3 (young) and 18 months (middle-aged rats) of age were divided into nonexercised (NE) and exercised at 0.8 or 1.2 km/h. The rats were trained on treadmill, 50 min per day, 5 days per week, during 8 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, muscles were removed, homogenized, and analyzed using biochemical and western blot techniques. Our results showed that: (a) running at 0.8 km/h decreased the inflammatory proteins and increased the metabolic proteins compared with NE rats; (b) these responses were lower for the inflammatory proteins and higher for the metabolic proteins in young rats compared with middle-aged rats; (c) running at 1.2 km/h decreased the inflammatory proteins and increased the metabolic proteins compared with 0.8 km/h; (d) these responses were similar between young and middle-aged rats when trained at 1.2 km. In summary, the age-related increases in inflammatory proteins, and the age-related declines in metabolic proteins can be reversed and largely improved by treadmill training.
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The evolving role of the NAD+/nicotinamide metabolome in skin homeostasis, cellular bioenergetics, and aging. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 23:59-63. [PMID: 24794404 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human skin is exposed to daily environmental insults, particularly solar radiation, that triggers a range of molecular responses. These perturbations to the normal homeostatic state can lead to cellular dysfunction and, ultimately, impacts tissue integrity and accelerates skin aging (photoaging). One of the responses is increased oxidative stress which has been shown to disrupt cellular bioenergetics. This can be detected by depletion of the nucleotide energy metabolites NAD+ and ATP as both an acute transient decrease and, over time, a more permanent chronic reduction due in part to cumulative damage of mitochondria. NAD+ and its primary precursor nicotinamide have been known for some time to impact skin homeostasis based on linkages to dietary requirements, treatment of various inflammatory conditions, photoaging, and prevention of cancer. Cellular NAD+ pools are known to be lower in aged skin and treatment with nicotinamide is hypothesized to restore these levels, thereby mitigating cellular bioenergetics dysfunction. In dermal fibroblasts, nicotinamide is able to protect against oxidative stress to glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation as well as increase mitochondrial efficiency via sirtuin-dependent selective mitophagy. Recent research has found that NAD+ cellular pools are more dynamic than previously thought, oscillating in tandem with free nicotinamide, and serves as a regulatory point and feedback loop in cellular metabolism regulation, maintenance of mitochondrial efficiency, and circadian rhythmicity. Since UV-induced oxidative stress in skin can disrupt these processes, continued molecular understanding of the role of NAD+ and nicotinamide in skin biology is important to identify interventions that would help maintain its normal homeostatic functions and efficient cellular bioenergetics.
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Khan RS, Dine K, Das Sarma J, Shindler KS. SIRT1 activating compounds reduce oxidative stress mediated neuronal loss in viral induced CNS demyelinating disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:3. [PMID: 24383546 PMCID: PMC3892130 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by central nervous system inflammation and demyelination, and increasing evidence demonstrates significant neuronal damage also occurs and is associated with permanent functional impairment. Current MS therapies have limited ability to prevent neuronal damage, suggesting additional neuroprotective therapies are needed. Compounds that activate the NAD+-dependent SIRT1 deacetylase prevent neuronal loss in an autoimmune-mediated MS model, but the mechanism of this effect is unknown, and it is unclear whether SIRT1 activating compounds exert similar effects in demyelinating disease induced by other etiologies. We measured neuronal loss in C57BL/6 mice inoculated with a neurotropic strain of mouse hepatitis virus, MHV-A59, that induces an MS-like disease. RESULTS Oral treatment with the SIRT1 activating compound SRTAW04 significantly increased SIRT1 activity within optic nerves and prevented neuronal loss during optic neuritis, an inflammatory demyelinating optic nerve lesion that occurs in MS and its animal models. MHV-A59 induced neuronal loss was associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and SRTAW04 treatment significantly reduced ROS levels while promoting increased expression of enzymes involved in mitochondrial function and reduction of ROS. SRTAW04 exerted similar protective effects in EAE spinal cords, with decreased demyelination. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate that SIRT1 activating compounds prevent neuronal loss in viral-induced demyelinating disease similar to their effects in autoimmune-mediated disease. One mechanism of this neuroprotective effect involves increasing mitochondrial biogenesis with reduction of oxidative stress. SIRT1 activators represent a potential neuroprotective therapy for MS. Understanding common mechanisms of these effects in distinct disease models will help identify targets for more specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reas S Khan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute and FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Stellar-Chance Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kimberly Dine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute and FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Stellar-Chance Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jayasri Das Sarma
- Department of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur Campus Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India
| | - Kenneth S Shindler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute and FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Stellar-Chance Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Shalwala M, Zhu SG, Das A, Salloum FN, Xi L, Kukreja RC. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activation mediates sildenafil induced delayed cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86977. [PMID: 24466304 PMCID: PMC3899366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been well documented that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil (SIL) protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I-R) injury. SIRT1 is part of the class III Sirtuin family of histone deacetylases that deacetylates proteins involved in cellular stress response including those related to I-R injury. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS We tested the hypothesis that SIL-induced cardioprotection may be mediated through activation of SIRT1. METHODS Adult male ICR mice were treated with SIL (0.7 mg/kg, i.p.), Resveratrol (RSV, 5 mg/kg, a putative activator of SIRT1 used as the positive control), or saline (0.2 mL). The hearts were harvested 24 hours later and homogenized for SIRT1 activity analysis. RESULTS Both SIL- and RSV-treated mice had increased cardiac SIRT1 activity (P<0.001) as compared to the saline-treated controls 24 hours after drug treatment. In isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes, pretreatment with SIL (1 µM) or RSV (1 µM) for one hour in vitro also upregulated SIRT1 activity (P<0.05). We further examined the causative relationship between SIRT1 activation and SIL-induced late cardioprotection. Pretreatment with SIL (or RSV) 24 hours prior to 30 min ischemia and 24 hours of reperfusion significantly reduced infarct size, which was associated with a significant increase in SIRT1 activity (P<0.05). Moreover, sirtinol (a SIRT1 inhibitor, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) given 30 min before I-R blunted the infarct-limiting effect of SIL and RSV (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Our study shows that activation of SIRT1 following SIL treatment plays an essential role in mediating the SIL-induced cardioprotection against I-R injury. This newly identified SIRT1-activating property of SIL may have enormous therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Shalwala
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shu-Guang Zhu
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anindita Das
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Fadi N. Salloum
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Lei Xi
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Rakesh C. Kukreja
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Schilling T, Ebert R, Raaijmakers N, Schütze N, Jakob F. Effects of phytoestrogens and other plant-derived compounds on mesenchymal stem cells, bone maintenance and regeneration. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 139:252-61. [PMID: 23262262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens and other plant-derived compounds and extracts have been developed for the treatment of menopause-related complaints and disorders, e.g. hot flushes and osteoporosis. Since estrogens have been discussed to enhance the risk for hormone-sensitive cancers, research activities try to find alternatives. Phytoestrogens like genistein and resveratrol as well as other plant-derived compounds are capable of substituting for estrogens to some extent. Their effects on mesenchymal stem cells and the tissues derived therefrom have been investigated in vitro and in preclinical settings. Besides their well-known estrogenic, i.e. mainly antiresorptive effects on bone via estrogen receptor (ER) signalling, they also directly or indirectly affect osteogenic and adipogenic pathways. As a novel mechanism, phytoestrogens and plant-derived saponins and flavonoids like kaempferol and xanthohumol have been described to reciprocally affect the osteogenic versus the adipogenic differentiation pathway. Both, ER-mediated and other pathways mediate a shift towards osteogenesis by inhibiting PPARγ and C/EBPα, the key adipogenic transcription factors (TFs), while stimulating the key osteogenic TFs Runx2 and Sp7. Besides ER signalling, the broad spectrum of molecular mechanisms supporting osteogenesis comprises the modulation of PPARγ, Wnt/β-catenin, and Sirt1 signalling, which inversely influence the transcription or transactivation of osteogenic versus adipogenic TFs. Preventing the age- and hormone deficiency-related shift towards adipogenesis without provoking adverse estrogenic effects represents a very promising strategy for treating bone loss and other metabolic diseases beyond bone. Research on plant-derived compounds will have to be pursued in vitro as well as in preclinical studies and controlled clinical trials in humans are urgently needed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Phytoestrogens'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Schilling
- University of Würzburg, Orthopaedic Department, Orthopaedic Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Würzburg, Germany.
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46
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Corbi G, Conti V, Russomanno G, Longobardi G, Furgi G, Filippelli A, Ferrara N. Adrenergic signaling and oxidative stress: a role for sirtuins? Front Physiol 2013. [PMID: 24265619 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00324.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The adrenergic system plays a central role in stress signaling and stress is often associated with increased production of ROS. However, ROS overproduction generates oxidative stress, that occurs in response to several stressors. β-adrenergic signaling is markedly attenuated in conditions such as heart failure, with downregulation and desensitization of the receptors and their uncoupling from adenylyl cyclase. Transgenic activation of β2-adrenoceptor leads to elevation of NADPH oxidase activity, with greater ROS production and p38MAPK phosphorylation. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase or ROS significantly reduced the p38MAPK signaling cascade. Chronic β2-adrenoceptor activation is associated with greater cardiac dilatation and dysfunction, augmented pro-inflammatory and profibrotic signaling, while antioxidant treatment protected hearts against these abnormalities, indicating ROS production to be central to the detrimental signaling of β2-adrenoceptors. It has been demonstrated that sirtuins are involved in modulating the cellular stress response directly by deacetylation of some factors. Sirt1 increases cellular stress resistance, by an increased insulin sensitivity, a decreased circulating free fatty acids and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), an increased activity of AMPK, increased activity of PGC-1a, and increased mitochondrial number. Sirt1 acts by involving signaling molecules such P-I-3-kinase-Akt, MAPK and p38-MAPK-β. βAR stimulation antagonizes the protective effect of the AKT pathway through inhibiting induction of Hif-1α and Sirt1 genes, key elements in cell survival. More studies are needed to better clarify the involvement of sirtuins in the β-adrenergic response and, overall, to better define the mechanisms by which tools such as exercise training are able to counteract the oxidative stress, by both activation of sirtuins and inhibition of GRK2 in many cardiovascular conditions and can be used to prevent or treat diseases such as heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
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47
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Corbi G, Conti V, Russomanno G, Longobardi G, Furgi G, Filippelli A, Ferrara N. Adrenergic signaling and oxidative stress: a role for sirtuins? Front Physiol 2013; 4:324. [PMID: 24265619 PMCID: PMC3820966 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adrenergic system plays a central role in stress signaling and stress is often associated with increased production of ROS. However, ROS overproduction generates oxidative stress, that occurs in response to several stressors. β-adrenergic signaling is markedly attenuated in conditions such as heart failure, with downregulation and desensitization of the receptors and their uncoupling from adenylyl cyclase. Transgenic activation of β2-adrenoceptor leads to elevation of NADPH oxidase activity, with greater ROS production and p38MAPK phosphorylation. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase or ROS significantly reduced the p38MAPK signaling cascade. Chronic β2-adrenoceptor activation is associated with greater cardiac dilatation and dysfunction, augmented pro-inflammatory and profibrotic signaling, while antioxidant treatment protected hearts against these abnormalities, indicating ROS production to be central to the detrimental signaling of β2-adrenoceptors. It has been demonstrated that sirtuins are involved in modulating the cellular stress response directly by deacetylation of some factors. Sirt1 increases cellular stress resistance, by an increased insulin sensitivity, a decreased circulating free fatty acids and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), an increased activity of AMPK, increased activity of PGC-1a, and increased mitochondrial number. Sirt1 acts by involving signaling molecules such P-I-3-kinase-Akt, MAPK and p38-MAPK-β. βAR stimulation antagonizes the protective effect of the AKT pathway through inhibiting induction of Hif-1α and Sirt1 genes, key elements in cell survival. More studies are needed to better clarify the involvement of sirtuins in the β-adrenergic response and, overall, to better define the mechanisms by which tools such as exercise training are able to counteract the oxidative stress, by both activation of sirtuins and inhibition of GRK2 in many cardiovascular conditions and can be used to prevent or treat diseases such as heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
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Fuentes E, Guzmán-Jofre L, Moore-Carrasco R, Palomo I. Role of PPARs in inflammatory processes associated with metabolic syndrome (Review). Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1611-6. [PMID: 24100795 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) includes the presence of arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and abdominal obesity, which is associated with a chronic inflammatory response, characterized by abnormal adipokine production, and the activation of certain pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Furthermore, the changes presented by the adipose tissue in MS favors the secretion of several molecular mediators capable of activating or suppressing a number of transcription factors, such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), whose main functions include storage regulation and fatty acid catabolization. When they are activated by their ligands (synthetic or endogenous), they control several genes involved in intermediate metabolism, which make them, together with the PPAR gamma coactivator-1-α (PGC-1) and the silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1), good targets for treating metabolic diseases and their cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile
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Sadie-Van Gijsen H, Hough FS, Ferris WF. Determinants of bone marrow adiposity: the modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 activity as a central mechanism. Bone 2013; 56:255-65. [PMID: 23800517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the presence of adipocytes in the bone marrow is a normal physiological phenomenon, the role of these cells in bone homeostasis and during pathological states has not yet been fully delineated. As osteoblasts and adipocytes originate from a common progenitor, with an inverse relationship existing between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis, bone marrow adiposity often negatively correlates with osteoblast number and bone mineral density. Bone adiposity can be affected by several physiological and pathophysiological factors, with abnormal, elevated marrow fat resulting in a pathological state. This review focuses on the regulation of bone adiposity by physiological factors, including aging, mechanical loading and growth factor expression, as well as the pathophysiological factors, including diseases such as anorexia nervosa and dyslipidemia, and pharmacological agents such as thiazolidinediones and statins. Although these factors regulate bone marrow adiposity via a plethora of different intracellular signaling pathways, these diverse pathways often converge on the modulation of the expression and/or activity of the pro-adipogenic transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ2, suggesting that any factor that affects PPAR-γ2 may have an impact on the fat content of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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Zuo L, Khan RS, Lee V, Dine K, Wu W, Shindler KS. SIRT1 promotes RGC survival and delays loss of function following optic nerve crush. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:5097-102. [PMID: 23821198 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Activation of SIRT1 deacetylase prevents retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss in experimental optic neuritis, an inflammatory optic neuropathy. While mechanisms of this effect are not known, evidence suggests it involves reduction of oxidative stress. We hypothesized that SIRT1 reduces RGC loss due to oxidative stress in noninflammatory optic neuropathies, and examined effects following traumatic injury. METHODS Optic nerve crush injury was induced in wild-type C57BL/6 mice, mice overexpressing SIRT1, and mice with conditional deletion of SIRT1 in neurons. Wild-type mice were treated daily with vehicle or 250 mg/kg resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol that activates SIRT1. RGC function was assessed by pupillometry and optokinetic responses (OKR), and RGC survival was measured. Superoxide levels were measured to assess oxidative stress. RESULTS Significant decreases in pupillary light responses, OKR and RGC survival occurred 1 week after optic nerve crush, with progressive worsening at 2 to 4 weeks. Resveratrol treatment and SIRT1 overexpression delayed RGC loss and loss of pupillary light responses following optic nerve crush, although no change in RGC loss occurred in neuronal SIRT1-deficient mice. A significant accumulation of superoxide was detected in wild-type optic nerves following crush, and was reduced in mice overexpressing SIRT1 or treated with resveratrol. CONCLUSIONS SIRT1 delays RGC loss following traumatic injury. Effects are associated with reduced oxidative stress. Results suggest SIRT1-activating drugs may have a specific role in preventing traumatic optic nerve damage, and suggest a broader role for this strategy in treating a variety of optic neuropathies that may include a component of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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