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Lee HK, Yang YJ, Koirala GR, Oh S, Kim TI. From lab to wearables: Innovations in multifunctional hydrogel chemistry for next-generation bioelectronic devices. Biomaterials 2024; 310:122632. [PMID: 38824848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Functional hydrogels have emerged as foundational materials in diagnostics, therapy, and wearable devices, owing to their high stretchability, flexibility, sensing, and outstanding biocompatibility. Their significance stems from their resemblance to biological tissue and their exceptional versatility in electrical, mechanical, and biofunctional engineering, positioning themselves as a bridge between living organisms and electronic systems, paving the way for the development of highly compatible, efficient, and stable interfaces. These multifaceted capability revolutionizes the essence of hydrogel-based wearable devices, distinguishing them from conventional biomedical devices in real-world practical applications. In this comprehensive review, we first discuss the fundamental chemistry of hydrogels, elucidating their distinct properties and functionalities. Subsequently, we examine the applications of these bioelectronics within the human body, unveiling their transformative potential in diagnostics, therapy, and human-machine interfaces (HMI) in real wearable bioelectronics. This exploration serves as a scientific compass for researchers navigating the interdisciplinary landscape of chemistry, materials science, and bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hin Kiu Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyan Raj Koirala
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoun Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Ma N, Wang S, Liu M, Zhu H, Liu Q, Kong J, Zhang T. Controllable radical polymerization of TEMPO redox for stable and sensitive enzyme electrode interface. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 259:116417. [PMID: 38795496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Assembling functional molecules on the surface of an enzyme electrode is the most basic technique for constructing a biosensor. However, precise control of electron transfer interface or electron mediator on the electrode surface remains a challenge, which is a key step that affects the stability and sensitivity of enzyme-based biosensors. In this study, we propose the use of controllable free radical polymerization to grow stable 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) polymer as electron mediator on enzyme surface for the first time. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, electrode surface coverage measurement, static contact angle (SCA), and a series of electrochemical methods, it has been demonstrated that the TEMPO-based enzyme electrode exhibits a uniform hydrophilic morphology and stable electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the results show that the sensor demonstrates high sensitivity for detecting glucose biomolecules in artificial sweat and serum. Attributing to the quantitative and controllable radical polymerization of TEMPO redox assembled enzyme electrode surface, the as-proposed biosensor providing a use, storage, and inter-batch sensing stability, providing a vital platform for wearable/implantable biochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ma
- I-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, PR China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- I-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- I-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Hao Zhu
- I-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Qianzuo Liu
- I-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, PR China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- I-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China; Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
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3
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Xie W, Yang J, Tan Z, Guo Z, Liu W, Luo Y, Gou J. Modelling tomato pericarp microstructure as force control reference for harvesting robot. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:7013-7017. [PMID: 38497443 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The harvest of fruit can be significantly advanced with the thriving development of intelligent and automated robot technologies. Nevertheless, the picking success rate of tomato fruit still requires improvement as some fruits are unexpectedly damaged inside, which is imperceptible by machine vision. Herein, a modelling method based on modified Voronoi algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the cellular structure of tomato pericarp. RESULTS Based on the reconstructed micro-model, the compression physical behaviour of the pericarp cells is simulated to observe internal local stress and potential damage. It is revealed that the simulation result for pericarps of tomatoes with different ripeness is highly consistent to the experimental tests, which has well validated the feasibility of this modelling and simulation method. CONCLUSION A Voronoi-based modelling method is proposed for micro-reconstruction of tomato pericarp, and the corresponding compression simulation results agree well with the experimental tests. Such result can be utilized as reference to improve the grasping force control for harvesting robot to avoid invisible damage induced by accident overload issue. With the predicting result, superior success rate can be achieved to enhance robot performance. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigui Xie
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinchen Yang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Tan
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhengqiang Guo
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wangyu Liu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqiang Luo
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jingren Gou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
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4
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Li C, Guo X, Zhou Y, Zhou FL, Li Y, Wu S, Jerrams S, Chen S, Jiang L. Biodegradable poly(lactic acid) blocked polyurethane/carbon nanotubes coated cotton fabric prepared by ultrasonic-assisted inkjet printing for high performance strain sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133269. [PMID: 38906353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
In order to fulfill the demands for degradability, a broad working range, and heightened sensitivity in flexible sensors, biodegradable polyurethane (BTPU) was synthesized and combined with CNTs to produce BTPU/CNTs coated cotton fabric using an ultrasonic-assisted inkjet printing process. The synthesized BTPU displayed a capacity for degradation in a phosphate buffered saline solution, resulting in a weight loss of 25 % after 12 weeks of degradation. The BTPU/CNTs coated cotton fabric sensor achieved an extensive strain sensing range of 0-137.5 %, characterized by high linearity and a notable sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) of 126.8). Notably, it demonstrated a low strain detection limit (1 %), rapid response (within 280 ms), and robust durability, enabling precise monitoring of both large and subtle human body movements such as finger, wrist, neck, and knee bending, as well as swallowing. Moreover, the BTPU/CNTs coated cotton fabric exhibited favorable biocompatibility with human epidermis, enabling potential applications as wearable skin-contact sensors. This work provides insight into the development of degradable and high sensing performance sensors suitable for applications in electronic skins and health monitoring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Li
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Guo
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanfen Zhou
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Feng-Lei Zhou
- Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London, London WC1V 6LJ, UK
| | - Yiran Li
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Stephen Jerrams
- Centre for Elastomer Research, FOCAS, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Kevin St, Dublin D08 NF82, Ireland
| | - Shaojuan Chen
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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5
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Yang X, Chen W, Fan Q, Chen J, Chen Y, Lai F, Liu H. Electronic Skin for Health Monitoring Systems: Properties, Functions, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402542. [PMID: 38754914 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin), a skin-like wearable electronic device, holds great promise in the fields of telemedicine and personalized healthcare because of its good flexibility, biocompatibility, skin conformability, and sensing performance. E-skin can monitor various health indicators of the human body in real time and over the long term, including physical indicators (exercise, respiration, blood pressure, etc.) and chemical indicators (saliva, sweat, urine, etc.). In recent years, the development of various materials, analysis, and manufacturing technologies has promoted significant development of e-skin, laying the foundation for the application of next-generation wearable medical technologies and devices. Herein, the properties required for e-skin health monitoring devices to achieve long-term and precise monitoring and summarize several detectable indicators in the health monitoring field are discussed. Subsequently, the applications of integrated e-skin health monitoring systems are reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future development directions in this field are discussed. This review is expected to generate great interest and inspiration for the development and improvement of e-skin and health monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Yang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Wenzheng Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Qunfu Fan
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Feili Lai
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Hezhou Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Dee-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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6
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Yang H, Wu M, Pan M, Zhou C, Sun Y, Huang P, Yang L, Liu J, Zeng H. Highly Stretchable, Transparent, Self-Healing Ion-Conducting Elastomers for Long-Term Reliable Human Motion Detection. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400362. [PMID: 39078623 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The flexible electronic sensor is a critical component of wearable devices, generally requiring high stretchability, excellent transmittance, conductivity, self-healing capability, and strong adhesion. However, designing ion-conducting elastomers meeting all these requirements simultaneously remains a challenge. In this study, a novel approach is presented to fabricate highly stretchable, transparent, and self-healing ion-conducting elastomers, which are synthesized via photo-polymerization of two polymerizable deep eutectic solvents (PDESs) monomers, i.e., methacrylic acid (MAA)/choline chloride (ChCl) and itaconic acid (IA)/ChCl. The as-prepared ion-conducting elastomers possess outstanding properties, including high transparency, conductivity, and the capability to adhere to various substrates. The elastomers also demonstrate ultra-stretchability (up to 3900%) owing to a combination of covalent cross-linking and noncovalent cross-linking. In addition, the elastomers can recover up to 3250% strain and over 94.5% of their original conductivity after self-healing at room temperature for 5 min, indicating remarkable mechanical and conductive self-healing abilities. When utilized as strain sensors to monitor real-time motion of human fingers, wrist, elbow, and knee joints, the elastomers exhibit stable and strong repetitive electrical signals, demonstrating excellent sensing performance for large-scale movements of the human body. It is anticipated that these ion-conducting elastomers will find promising applications in flexible and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mingfei Pan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Chengliang Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yongxiang Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Pan Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Jifang Liu
- Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510700, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
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7
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Zong X, Zhang N, Wang J, Zong H, Zhang C, Xu G. Combinatorial Bionic Hierarchical Flexible Strain Sensor for Sign Language Recognition with Machine Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:38780-38791. [PMID: 39010653 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Flexible strain sensors have been widely researched in fields such as smart wearables, human health monitoring, and biomedical applications. However, achieving a wide sensing range and high sensitivity of flexible strain sensors simultaneously remains a challenge, limiting their further applications. To address these issues, a cross-scale combinatorial bionic hierarchical design featuring microscale morphology combined with a macroscale base to balance the sensing range and sensitivity is presented. Inspired by the combination of serpentine and butterfly wing structures, this study employs three-dimensional printing, prestretching, and mold transfer processes to construct a combinatorial bionic hierarchical flexible strain sensor (CBH-sensor) with serpentine-shaped inverted-V-groove/wrinkling-cracking structures. The CBH-sensor has a high wide sensing range of 150% and high sensitivity with a gauge factor of up to 2416.67. In addition, it demonstrates the application of the CBH-sensor array in sign language gesture recognition, successfully identifying nine different sign language gestures with an impressive accuracy of 100% with the assistance of machine learning. The CBH-sensor exhibits considerable promise for use in enabling unobstructed communication between individuals who use sign language and those who do not. Furthermore, it has wide-ranging possibilities for use in the field of gesture-driven interactions in human-computer interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjie Zong
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Nianqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Jilai Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Hangfan Zong
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China, 100853
| | - Chengpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Guogang Xu
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China, 100853
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Wang Z, Xu L, Liu W, Chen Y, Yang Q, Tang Z, Tan H, Li N, Du J, Yu M, Xu J. Tough, self-healing, adhesive double network conductive hydrogel based on gelatin-polyacrylamide covalently bridged by oxidized sodium alginate for durable wearable sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133802. [PMID: 38992552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Pursuing high-performance conductive hydrogels is still hot topic in development of advanced flexible wearable devices. Herein, a tough, self-healing, adhesive double network (DN) conductive hydrogel (named as OSA-(Gelatin/PAM)-Ca, O-(G/P)-Ca) was prepared by bridging gelatin and polyacrylamide network with functionalized polysaccharide (oxidized sodium alginate, OSA) through Schiff base reaction. Thanks to the presence of multiple interactions (Schiff base bond, hydrogen bond, and metal coordination) within the network, the prepared hydrogel showed outstanding mechanical properties (tensile strain of 2800 % and stress of 630 kPa), high conductivity (0.72 S/m), repeatable adhesion performance and excellent self-healing ability (83.6 %/79.0 % of the original tensile strain/stress after self-healing). Moreover, the hydrogel-based sensor exhibited high strain sensitivity (GF = 3.66) and fast response time (<0.5 s), which can be used to monitor a wide range of human physiological signals. Based on this, excellent compression sensitivity (GF = 0.41 kPa-1 in the range of 90-120 kPa), a three-dimensional (3D) array of flexible sensor was designed to monitor the intensity of pressure and spatial force distribution. In addition, a gel-based wearable sensor was accurately classified and recognized ten types of gestures, achieving an accuracy rate of >96.33 % both before and after self-healing under three machine learning models (the decision tree, SVM, and KNN). This paper provides a simple method to prepare tough and self-healing conductive hydrogel as flexible multifunctional sensor devices for versatile applications in fields such as healthcare monitoring, human-computer interaction, and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengsheng Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Lijian Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China.
| | - Weiling Liu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, PR China
| | - Qiannian Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Zengmin Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Haihu Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Jingjing Du
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China
| | - Maolin Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China.
| | - Jianxiong Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, PR China.
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9
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Chen Y, Liu Z, Wang Z, Yi Y, Yan C, Xu W, Zhou F, Gao Y, Zhou Q, Zhang C, Deng H. Bioinspired Robust Gas-Permeable On-Skin Electronics: Armor-Designed Nanoporous Flash Graphene Assembly Enhancing Mechanical Resilience. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402759. [PMID: 38704681 PMCID: PMC11234450 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Soft on-skin electrodes play an important role in wearable technologies, requiring attributes such as wearing comfort, high conductivity, and gas permeability. However, conventional fabrication methods often compromise simplicity, cost-effectiveness, or mechanical resilience. In this study, a mechanically robust and gas-permeable on-skin electrode is presented that incorporates Flash Graphene (FG) integrated with a bioinspired armor design. FG, synthesized through Flash Joule Heating process, offers a small-sized and turbostratic arrangement that is ideal for the assembly of a conductive network with nanopore structures. Screen-printing is used to embed the FG assembly into the framework of polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabrics (PPMF), forming a soft on-skin electrode with low sheet resistance (125.2 ± 4.7 Ω/□) and high gas permeability (≈10.08 mg cm⁻2 h⁻¹). The "armor" framework ensures enduring mechanical stability through adhesion, washability, and 10,000 cycles of mechanical contact friction tests. Demonstrating capabilities in electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyogram (EMG) monitoring, along with serving as a self-powered triboelectric sensor, the FG/PPMF electrode holds promise for scalable, high-performance flexible sensing applications, thereby enriching the landscape of integrated wearable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- College of EngineeringNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210031P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Ying Yi
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic InformationChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Chunjie Yan
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Yuting Gao
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Qitao Zhou
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of EngineeringNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210031P. R. China
| | - Heng Deng
- Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research InstituteChina University of GeosciencesShenzhen518000P. R. China
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10
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Mo F, Zhou P, Lin S, Zhong J, Wang Y. A Review of Conductive Hydrogel-Based Wearable Temperature Sensors. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401503. [PMID: 38857480 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogel has garnered significant attention as an emergent candidate for diverse wearable sensors, owing to its remarkable and tailorable properties such as flexibility, biocompatibility, and strong electrical conductivity. These attributes make it highly suitable for various wearable sensor applications (e.g., biophysical, bioelectrical, and biochemical sensors) that can monitor human health conditions and provide timely interventions. Among these applications, conductive hydrogel-based wearable temperature sensors are especially important for healthcare and disease surveillance. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of conductive hydrogel-based wearable temperature sensors. First, this work summarizes different types of conductive fillers-based hydrogel, highlighting their recent developments and advantages as wearable temperature sensors. Next, this work discusses the sensing characteristics of conductive hydrogel-based wearable temperature sensors, focusing on sensitivity, dynamic stability, stretchability, and signal output. Then, state-of-the-art applications are introduced, ranging from body temperature detection and wound temperature detection to disease monitoring. Finally, this work identifies the remaining challenges and prospects facing this field. By addressing these challenges with potential solutions, this review hopes to shed some light on future research and innovations in this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Mo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Shihong Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Junwen Zhong
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
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11
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Dawit H, Zhao Y, Wang J, Pei R. Advances in conductive hydrogels for neural recording and stimulation. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:2786-2800. [PMID: 38682423 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00048j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The brain-computer interface (BCI) allows the human or animal brain to directly interact with the external environment through the neural interfaces, thus playing the role of monitoring, protecting, improving/restoring, enhancing, and replacing. Recording electrophysiological information such as brain neural signals is of great importance in health monitoring and disease diagnosis. According to the electrode position, it can be divided into non-implantable, semi-implantable, and implantable. Among them, implantable neural electrodes can obtain the highest-quality electrophysiological information, so they have the most promising application. However, due to the chemo-mechanical mismatch between devices and tissues, the adverse foreign body response and performance loss over time seriously restrict the development and application of implantable neural electrodes. Given the challenges, conductive hydrogel-based neural electrodes have recently attracted much attention, owing to many advantages such as good mechanical match with the native tissues, negligible foreign body response, and minimal signal attenuation. This review mainly focuses on the current development of conductive hydrogels as a biocompatible framework for neural tissue and conductivity-supporting substrates for the transmission of electrical signals of neural tissue to speed up electrical regeneration and their applications in neural sensing and recording as well as stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewan Dawit
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Yuewu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Jine Wang
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, Dezhou University, China.
- Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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12
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Liu S, Zhong L, Tang Y, Lai M, Wang H, Bao Y, Ma Y, Wang W, Niu L, Gan S. Graphene Oxide-Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogel-Coated Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes for Wearable Sweat Potassium Ion Sensing. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8594-8603. [PMID: 38718350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) with ionophore-based polymer-sensitive membranes have been the major devices in wearable sweat sensors toward electrolyte analysis. However, the toxicity of ionophores in ion-selective membranes (ISMs), for example, valinomycin (K+ ion carrier), is a significant challenge, since the ISM directly contacts the skin during the tests. Herein, we report coating a hydrogel of graphene oxide-poly(vinyl alcohol) (GO-PVA) on the ISM to fabricate hydrogel-based SC-ISEs. The hydrogen bond interaction between GO sheets and PVA chains could enhance the mechanical strength through the formation of a cross-linking network. Comprehensive electrochemical tests have demonstrated that hydrogel-coated K+-SC-ISE maintains Nernstian response sensitivity, high selectivity, and anti-interference ability compared with uncoated K+-SC-ISE. A flexible hydrogel-based K+ sensing device was further fabricated with the integration of a solid-contact reference electrode, which has realized the monitoring of sweat K+ in real time. This work highlights the possibility of hydrogel coating for fabricating biocompatible wearable potentiometric sweat electrolyte sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Liu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Sensors in Guangdong Provincial Universities, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Lijie Zhong
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Sensors in Guangdong Provincial Universities, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yitian Tang
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Sensors in Guangdong Provincial Universities, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Meixue Lai
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Sensors in Guangdong Provincial Universities, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Haocheng Wang
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Sensors in Guangdong Provincial Universities, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yu Bao
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Sensors in Guangdong Provincial Universities, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yingming Ma
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Sensors in Guangdong Provincial Universities, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Sensors in Guangdong Provincial Universities, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Li Niu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Sensors in Guangdong Provincial Universities, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Gan
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Sensors in Guangdong Provincial Universities, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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13
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Li W, Yin Y, Zhou H, Fan Y, Yang Y, Gao Q, Li P, Gao G, Li J. Recent Advances in Electrospinning Techniques for Precise Medicine. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2024; 5:0101. [PMID: 38778878 PMCID: PMC11109596 DOI: 10.34133/cbsystems.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of precise medicine, the advancement of manufacturing technologies is vital for enhancing the capabilities of medical devices such as nano/microrobots, wearable/implantable biosensors, and organ-on-chip systems, which serve to accurately acquire and analyze patients' physiopathological information and to perform patient-specific therapy. Electrospinning holds great promise in engineering materials and components for advanced medical devices, due to the demonstrated ability to advance the development of nanomaterial science. Nevertheless, challenges such as limited composition variety, uncontrollable fiber orientation, difficulties in incorporating fragile molecules and cells, and low production effectiveness hindered its further application. To overcome these challenges, advanced electrospinning techniques have been explored to manufacture functional composites, orchestrated structures, living constructs, and scale-up fabrication. This review delves into the recent advances of electrospinning techniques and underscores their potential in revolutionizing the field of precise medicine, upon introducing the fundamental information of conventional electrospinning techniques, as well as discussing the current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Medical Technology,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yue Yin
- School of Medical Technology,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Zhengzhou Academy of Intelligent Technology,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450040, China
| | - Huaijuan Zhou
- Zhengzhou Academy of Intelligent Technology,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450040, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingwei Fan
- School of Medical Technology,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingting Yang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiqi Gao
- School of Medical Technology,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pei Li
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine,
Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ge Gao
- School of Medical Technology,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Zhengzhou Academy of Intelligent Technology,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450040, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Medical Technology,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Zhengzhou Academy of Intelligent Technology,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450040, China
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14
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Chenani H, Saeidi M, Rastkhiz MA, Bolghanabadi N, Aghaii AH, Orouji M, Hatamie A, Simchi A. Challenges and Advances of Hydrogel-Based Wearable Electrochemical Biosensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Biofluids: From Lab to Market. A Review. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8160-8183. [PMID: 38377558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Chenani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - MahsaSadat Adel Rastkhiz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Bolghanabadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Aghaii
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Orouji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hatamie
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Prof. Sobouti Boulevard, PO Box 45195-1159, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
- Center for Bioscience and Technology, Institute for Convergence Science and Technology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
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15
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Sun Z, Yin Y, Liu B, Xue T, Zou Q. Amphibious Multifunctional Hydrogel Flexible Haptic Sensor with Self-Compensation Mechanism. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3232. [PMID: 38794086 PMCID: PMC11125873 DOI: 10.3390/s24103232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, hydrogel-based wearable flexible electronic devices have attracted much attention. However, hydrogel-based sensors are affected by structural fatigue, material aging, and water absorption and swelling, making stability and accuracy a major challenge. In this study, we present a DN-SPEZ dual-network hydrogel prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), ethylene glycol (EG), and ZnSO4 and propose a self-calibration compensation strategy. The strategy utilizes a metal salt solution to adjust the carrier concentration of the hydrogel to mitigate the resistance drift phenomenon to improve the stability and accuracy of hydrogel sensors in amphibious scenarios, such as land and water. The ExpGrow model was used to characterize the trend of the ∆R/R0 dynamic response curves of the hydrogels in the stress tests, and the average deviation of the fitted curves ϵ¯ was calculated to quantify the stability differences of different groups. The results showed that the stability of the uncompensated group was much lower than that of the compensated group utilizing LiCl, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, and AlCl3 solutions (ϵ¯ in the uncompensated group in air was 276.158, 1.888, 2.971, 30.586, and 13.561 times higher than that of the compensated group in LiCl, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, and AlCl3, respectively; ϵ¯ in the uncompensated group in seawater was 10.287 times, 1.008 times, 1.161 times, 4.986 times, 1.281 times, respectively, higher than that of the compensated group in LiCl, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and AlCl3). In addition, for the ranking of the compensation effect of different compensation solutions, the concentration of the compensation solution and the ionic radius and charge of the cation were found to be important factors in determining the compensation effect. Detection of events in amphibious environments such as swallowing, robotic arm grasping, Morse code, and finger-wrist bending was also performed in this study. This work provides a viable method for stability and accuracy enhancement of dual-network hydrogel sensors with strain and pressure sensing capabilities and offers solutions for sensor applications in both airborne and underwater amphibious environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Sun
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Yunjiang Yin
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Baoguo Liu
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Tao Xue
- Center of Analysis and Testing Facilities, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| | - Qiang Zou
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (B.L.)
- Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Internet of Things, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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16
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Li Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Yu S, Ba Z, Liu M, Ma S, Xing LB. Design of Stretchable and Conductive Self-Adhesive Hydrogels as Flexible Sensors by Guar-Gum-Enabled Dynamic Interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10305-10312. [PMID: 38696716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The limited elasticity and inadequate bonding of hydrogels made from guar gum (GG) significantly hinder their widespread implementation in personalized wearable flexible electronics. In this study, we devise GG-based self-adhesive hydrogels by creating an interpenetrating network of GG cross-linked with acrylic, 4-vinylphenylboronic acid, and Ca2+. With the leverage of the dynamic interactions (hydrogen bonds, borate ester bonds, and coordination bonds) between -OH in GG and monomers, the hydrogel exhibits a high stretchability of 700%, superior mechanical stress of 110 kPa, and robust adherence to several substrates. The adhesion strength of 54 kPa on porcine skin is obtained. Furthermore, the self-adhesive hydrogel possesses stable conductivity, an elevated gauge factor (GF), and commendable durability. It can be affixed to the human body as a strain sensor to obtain precise monitoring of human movement behavior. Our research offers possibilities for the development of GG-based hydrogels and applications in wearable electronics and medical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengsheng Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowen Ba
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanhong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacture, Yantai, Shandong 264006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Bao Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zou C, Chen L, Liu Q, Lu W, Sun X, Liu J, Lei Y, Zhao W, Liu Y. Flexible Aluminum-Air Battery Based on High-Performance Three-Dimensional Dual-Network PVA/KC/KOH Composite Gel Polymer Electrolyte. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9999-10007. [PMID: 38696767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
With a large theoretical capacity and high energy density, aluminum-air batteries are a promising energy storage device. However, the rigid structure and liquid electrolyte of a traditional aluminum-air battery limit its application potential in the field of flexible electronics, and the irreversible corrosion of its anode greatly reduces the battery life. To solve the above problems, a PVA/KC/KOH (2 M) composite gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) with a three-dimensional dual-network structure consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), kappa-carrageenan (KC), and potassium hydroxide was prepared in this paper by a simple two-step method and applied in aluminum-air batteries. At room temperature, the ionic conductivity of the PVA/KC/KOH (2 M) composite GPE was found to be up to 6.50 × 10-3 S cm-1. By utilizing this composite GPE, a single flexible aluminum-air battery was assembled and achieved a maximum discharge voltage of 1.2 V at 5 mA cm-2, with discharge time exceeding 3 h. Moreover, the single flexible aluminum-air battery maintains good electrochemical performance under various deformation modes, and the output voltage of the battery remains at about 99% after 300 cycles. The construction of flexible aluminum-air batteries based on a three-dimensional dual-network PVA/KC/KOH composite GPE provides excellent safety and high-multiplication capabilities for aluminum-air batteries, making them potential candidates for various flexible device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Li Chen
- BYD Automobile Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Qingye Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Xueyan Sun
- Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shaanxi Coal Geology Group Company Limited, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuan Lei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yilun Liu
- School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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18
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Li H, Ma C, Chen J, Wang H, Chen X, Li Z, Zhang Y. A Soft Robot Tactile Finger Using Oxidation-Reduction Graphene-Polyurethane Conductive Sponge. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:628. [PMID: 38793201 PMCID: PMC11123064 DOI: 10.3390/mi15050628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Currently, intelligent robotics is supplanting traditional industrial applications. It extends to business, service and care industries, and other fields. Stable robot grasping is a necessary prerequisite for all kinds of complex application scenarios. Herein, we propose a method for preparing an elastic porous material with adjustable conductivity, hardness, and elastic modulus. Based on this, we design a soft robot tactile fingertip that is gentle, highly sensitive, and has an adjustable range. It has excellent sensitivity (~1.089 kpa-1), fast response time (~35 ms), and measures minimum pressures up to 0.02 N and stability over 500 cycles. The baseline capacitance of a sensor of the same size can be increased by a factor of 5-6, and graphene adheres better to polyurethane sponge and has good shock absorption. In addition, we demonstrated the application of the tactile fingertip to a two-finger manipulator to achieve stable grasping. In this paper, we demonstrate the great potential of the soft robot tactile finger in the field of adaptive grasping for intelligent robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangze Li
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Chaolin Ma
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Haojie Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Zhijing Li
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;
| | - Youzhi Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
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19
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Chen X, Cui J, Liu Z, Wang Y, Li M, Zhang J, Pan S, Wang M, Bao C, Wei Q. Polyacrylamide/sodium alginate/sodium chloride photochromic hydrogel with high conductivity, anti-freezing property and fast response for information storage and electronic skin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131972. [PMID: 38697436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Photochromic hydrogels have promising prospects in areas such as wearable device, information encryption technology, optoelectronic display technology, and electronic skin. However, there are strict requirements for the properties of photochromic hydrogels in practical engineering applications, especially in some extreme application environments. The preparation of photochromic hydrogels with high transparency, high toughness, fast response, colour reversibility, excellent electrical conductivity, and anti-freezing property remains a challenge. In this study, a novel photochromic hydrogel (PAAm/SA/NaCl-Mo7) was prepared by loading ammonium molybdate (Mo7) and sodium chloride (NaCl) into a dual-network hydrogel of polyacrylamide (PAAm) and sodium alginate (SA) using a simple one-pot method. PAAm/SA/NaCl-Mo7 hydrogel has excellent conductivity (175.9 S/cm), water retention capacity and anti-freezing properties, which can work normally at a low temperature of -28.4 °C. In addition, the prepared PAAm/SA/NaCl-Mo7 hydrogel exhibits fast response (<15 s), high transparency (>70 %), good toughness (maximum elongation up to 1500 %), good cyclic compression properties at high compressive strains (60 %), good biocompatibility (78.5 %), stable reversible discolouration and excellent sensing properties, which can be used for photoelectric display, information storage and motion monitoring. This work provides a new inspiration for the development of flexible electronic skin devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Chen
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Jiashu Cui
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Liu
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Yanen Wang
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China.
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Siyu Pan
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Chengwei Bao
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Qinghua Wei
- Department of Indurstry and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China; Bio-additive manufacturing university-enterprise joint research center of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China.
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20
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Dutta T, Chaturvedi P, Llamas-Garro I, Velázquez-González JS, Dubey R, Mishra SK. Smart materials for flexible electronics and devices: hydrogel. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12984-13004. [PMID: 38655485 PMCID: PMC11033831 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01168f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, flexible conductive materials have attracted considerable attention for their potential use in flexible energy storage devices, touch panels, sensors, memristors, and other applications. The outstanding flexibility, electricity, and tunable mechanical properties of hydrogels make them ideal conductive materials for flexible electronic devices. Various synthetic strategies have been developed to produce conductive and environmentally friendly hydrogels for high-performance flexible electronics. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art applications of hydrogels in flexible electronics, such as energy storage, touch panels, memristor devices, and sensors like temperature, gas, humidity, chemical, strain, and textile sensors, and the latest synthesis methods of hydrogels. Describe the process of fabricating sensors as well. Finally, we discussed the challenges and future research avenues for flexible and portable electronic devices based on hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taposhree Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur Howrah W.B. - 711103 India
| | - Pavan Chaturvedi
- Department of Physics, Vanderbilt University 3414 Murphy Rd, Apt#4 Nashville TN-37203 USA +575-650-4595
| | - Ignacio Llamas-Garro
- Navigation and Positioning Research Unit, Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya Castelldefels Spain
| | | | - Rakesh Dubey
- Instiute of Physics, University of Szczecin Poland
| | - Satyendra Kumar Mishra
- Space and Reslinent Research Unit, Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya Castelldefels Spain
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21
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Shan M, Chen X, Zhang X, Zhang S, Zhang L, Chen J, Wang X, Liu X. Injectable Conductive Hydrogel with Self-Healing, Motion Monitoring, and Bacteria Theranostics for Bioelectronic Wound Dressing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303876. [PMID: 38217457 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Wounds at joints are difficult to treat and tend to recover more slowly due to the frequent motions. When using traditional hydrogel dressings, they are easy to crack and undergo bacterial infection, difficult to match and monitor the irregular wounds. Integrating multiple functions within a hydrogel dressing to achieve intelligent wound monitoring and healing remains a significant challenge. In this research, a multifunctional hydrogel is developed based on polysaccharide biopolymer, poly(vinyl alcohol), and hydroxylated graphene through dynamic borate ester bonding and supramolecular interaction. The prepared hydrogel not only exhibits rapid self-healing (within 60 s), injectable, conductive and motion monitoring properties, but also realizes in situ bacterial sensing and killing functions. It shows excellent bacterial sensitivity (within 15 min) and killing ability via the changes of electrical signals and photothermal therapy, avoiding the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. In vivo experiments prove that the hydrogel can promote wound healing effectively. In addition, it displays great electromechanical performance to achieve real-time monitoring and prevent re-tearing of the wound at human joints. The injectable pH-responsive hydrogel with good biocompatibility demonstrates considerable potential as multifunctional bioelectronic dressing for the detection, treatment, management, and healing of infected joint wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Shan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Sinopec Oilfield Equipment Corporation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shike Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jinzhou Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xianghong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xuying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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22
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Imani KBC, Dodda JM, Yoon J, Torres FG, Imran AB, Deen GR, Al‐Ansari R. Seamless Integration of Conducting Hydrogels in Daily Life: From Preparation to Wearable Application. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306784. [PMID: 38240470 PMCID: PMC10987148 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels (CHs) have received significant attention for use in wearable devices because they retain their softness and flexibility while maintaining high conductivity. CHs are well suited for applications in skin-contact electronics and biomedical devices owing to their high biocompatibility and conformality. Although highly conductive hydrogels for smart wearable devices are extensively researched, a detailed summary of the outstanding results of CHs is required for a comprehensive understanding. In this review, the recent progress in the preparation and fabrication of CHs is summarized for smart wearable devices. Improvements in the mechanical, electrical, and functional properties of high-performance wearable devices are also discussed. Furthermore, recent examples of innovative and highly functional devices based on CHs that can be seamlessly integrated into daily lives are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusuma Betha Cahaya Imani
- Graduate Department of Chemical MaterialsInstitute for Plastic Information and Energy MaterialsSustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research CenterPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Jagan Mohan Dodda
- New Technologies – Research Centre (NTC)University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8Pilsen301 00Czech Republic
| | - Jinhwan Yoon
- Graduate Department of Chemical MaterialsInstitute for Plastic Information and Energy MaterialsSustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research CenterPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Fernando G. Torres
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru. Av. Universitaria 1801Lima15088Peru
| | - Abu Bin Imran
- Department of ChemistryBangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhaka1000Bangladesh
| | - G. Roshan Deen
- Materials for Medicine Research GroupSchool of MedicineThe Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)Medical University of BahrainBusaiteen15503Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Renad Al‐Ansari
- Materials for Medicine Research GroupSchool of MedicineThe Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)Medical University of BahrainBusaiteen15503Kingdom of Bahrain
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23
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Ferreira R, Silva AP, Nunes-Pereira J. Current On-Skin Flexible Sensors, Materials, Manufacturing Approaches, and Study Trends for Health Monitoring: A Review. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1104-1133. [PMID: 38394033 PMCID: PMC10964246 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to an ever-increasing amount of the population focusing more on their personal health, thanks to rising living standards, there is a pressing need to improve personal healthcare devices. These devices presently require laborious, time-consuming, and convoluted procedures that heavily rely on cumbersome equipment, causing discomfort and pain for the patients during invasive methods such as sample-gathering, blood sampling, and other traditional benchtop techniques. The solution lies in the development of new flexible sensors with temperature, humidity, strain, pressure, and sweat detection and monitoring capabilities, mimicking some of the sensory capabilities of the skin. In this review, a comprehensive presentation of the themes regarding flexible sensors, chosen materials, manufacturing processes, and trends was made. It was concluded that carbon-based composite materials, along with graphene and its derivates, have garnered significant interest due to their electromechanical stability, extraordinary electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, variety, and relatively low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo
G. Ferreira
- C-MAST, Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace
Science and Technologies, Universidade da
Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Abílio P. Silva
- C-MAST, Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace
Science and Technologies, Universidade da
Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João Nunes-Pereira
- C-MAST, Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace
Science and Technologies, Universidade da
Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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24
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Li X, Zhao X, Liu R, Wang H, Wang S, Fan B, Hu C, Wang H. Mussel-inspired PDA@PEDOT nanocomposite hydrogel with excellent mechanical strength, self-adhesive, and self-healing properties for a flexible strain sensor. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3092-3102. [PMID: 38445378 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02748a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogel sensors have attracted attention for use in human motion monitoring detection, but integrating excellent biocompatibility, mechanical, self-adhesive, and self-healing properties, and high sensitivity into a hydrogel remains a challenge. In this work, a novel multifunctional conductive particle was designed and added to a polyacrylamide (PAM) matrix to prepare the hydrogel. It is worth noting that with the addition of polydopamine@poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PDA@PEDOT), the PAM/PDA@PEDOT hydrogel (PAPP hydrogel) showed excellent mechanical properties and high adhesion strength on different substrate surfaces. Meanwhile, the PAPP hydrogel shows outstanding self-healing properties, the mechanical properties of PAPP hydrogel broken from the middle recovered 92% tensile strength and 95% elongation at break after 12 h, respectively. Furthermore, assembled as strain wireless sensors, the PAPP sensor displays high sensitivity, where the gauge factor (GF) is 2.82, which can be used to accurately detect human facial micro-expressions and movements. Overall, the PAPP hydrogel with excellent mechanical, self-adhesive, and self-healing properties, and high sensitivity, demonstrated promise for use in wearable devices and bionic skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xueshan Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hui Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Bing Fan
- Qingdao Research Institute of Sichuan University, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Chenggong Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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25
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Lei T, Pan J, Wang N, Xia Z, Zhang Q, Fan J, Tao L, Shou W, Gao Y. Cold-resistant, highly stretchable ionic conductive hydrogels for intelligent motion recognition in winter sports. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1234-1250. [PMID: 38131412 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh02013d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have attracted much attention for their wide application in the field of flexible wearable sensors due to their outstanding flexibility, conductivity and sensing properties. However, the weak mechanical properties, lack of frost resistance and susceptibility to microbial contamination of traditional conductive hydrogels greatly limit their practical application. In this work, multifunctional polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/poly(acrylamide-co-1-vinyl-3-butylimidazolium bromide) (P(AAm-co-VBIMBr)) (PCPAV) ionic conductive hydrogels with high strength and good conductive, transparent, anti-freezing and antibacterial properties were constructed by introducing a network of chemically crosslinked AAm and VBIMBr copolymers into the base material of PVA and CMC by in situ free radical polymerization. Owing to the multiple interactions between the polymers, including covalent crosslinking, multiple hydrogen bonding interactions, and electrostatic interactions, the obtained ionic conductive hydrogels exhibit a high tensile strength (360.6 kPa), a large elongation at break (810.6%), good toughness, and fatigue resistance properties. The introduction of VBIMBr endows the PCPAV hydrogels with excellent transparency (∼92%), a high ionic conductivity (15.2 mS cm-1), antimicrobial activity and good flexibility and conductivity at sub-zero temperatures. Notably, the PCPAV hydrogels exhibit a wide strain range (0-800%), high strain sensitivity (GF = 3.75), fast response, long-term stability, and fantastic durability, which enable them to detect both large joint movements and minute muscle movements. Based on these advantages, it is believed that the PCPAV-based hydrogel sensors would have potential applications in health monitoring, human motion detection, soft robotics, ionic skins, human-machine interfaces, and other flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongda Lei
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Jiajun Pan
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Zhaopeng Xia
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Jie Fan
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Lei Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wan Shou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Yu Gao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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26
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Zhang X, Ding H, Li Z, Bai Y, Zhang L. A "Mesh Scaffold" that regulates the mechanical properties and restricts the phase transition-induced volume change of the PNIPAM-based hydrogel for wearable sensors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:835-846. [PMID: 38037353 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01638b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is capable of improving the reversibility and responsiveness of flexible electronics. However, its phase transition-induced volume variation and poor adhesiveness remain limitations for expending its applications. Herein, a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), which is a type of mesh scaffold, is constructed inside the network of PNIPAM, providing the hydrogel with a constant volume in response to different temperatures, in situ tunable mechanical properties, and superior adhesiveness. The reversible density of the mesh scaffold adjusts the aggregation state of the hydrogel chains, whereupon it is capable of changing its mechanical modulus from 6.7 kPa to 45.3 kPa. This mechanical mechanism contributes to hydrogel-based flexible devices for multiple applications, especially in pressure-related sensors. The mesh scaffold restricts the phase-transition-induced volume variation, which allows the hydrogel sensor to stably monitor the external pressure at various temperatures. The high adhesion enables the effective interfacial interaction with the skin, avoiding the loss of sensing signals during the detection of human body movements. When it is assembled into an electronic device, it can transmit information and recognize sign language via Morse code. Thus, herein, we report a hydrogel sensor that is promising for pressure detection in temperature-unstable environments, especially for managing the health of patients who require emergency medical care through sign language recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P. R. China.
| | - Haoran Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaozhao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P. R. China.
| | - Yongping Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P. R. China
| | - Lidong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China.
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27
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Song Y, Xing L, Zou X, Zhang C, Huang Z, Liu W, Wang J. A chitosan-based conductive double network hydrogel doped by tannic acid-reduced graphene oxide with excellent stretchability and high sensitivity for wearable strain sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128861. [PMID: 38114012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels usually suffer from weak mechanical properties and are easily destroyed, resulting in limited applications in flexible electronics. Concurrently, adding conductive additives to the hydrogel solution increases the probability of agglomeration and uneven dispersion issues. In this study, the biocompatible natural polymer chitosan was used as the network substrate. The rigid network employed was the Cit3-ion crosslinked chitosan (CS) network, and the MBA chemically crosslinked polyacrylamide (PAM) network was used as the flexible network. Tannic acid-reduced graphene oxide (TA-rGO), which has excellent conductivity and dispersibility, is used as a conductive filler. Thus, a CS/TA-rGO/PAM double network conductive hydrogel with excellent performance, high toughness, high conductivity, and superior sensing sensitivity was prepared. The prepared CS/TA-rGO/PAM double network conductive hydrogels have strong tensile properties (strain and toughness as high as 2009 % and 1045 kJ/cm3), excellent sensing sensitivity (GF value was 4.01), a wider strain detection range, high cycling stability and durability, good biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties. The hydrogel can be assembled into flexible wearable devices that can not only dynamically detect human movements, such as joint bending, facial expression changes, swallowing, and saying, but also recognize handwriting and enable human-computer interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoting Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinquan Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghuang Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jikui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Zuo L, Yang Y, Zhang H, Ma Z, Xin Q, Ding C, Li J. Bioinspired Multiscale Mineralization: From Fundamentals to Potential Applications. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300348. [PMID: 37689995 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The wondrous and imaginative designs of nature have always been an inexhaustible treasure trove for material scientists. Throughout the long evolutionary process, biominerals with hierarchical structures possess some specific advantages such as outstanding mechanical properties, biological functions, and sensing performances, the formation of which (biomineralization) is delicately regulated by organic component. Provoked by the subtle structures and profound principles of nature, bioinspired functional minerals can be designed with the participation of organic molecules. Because of the designable morphology and functions, multiscale mineralization has attracted more and more attention in the areas of medicine, chemistry, biology, and material science. This review provides a summary of current advancements in this extending topic. The mechanisms underlying mineralization is first concisely elucidated. Next, several types of minerals are categorized according to their structural characteristic, as well as the different potential applications of these materials. At last, a comprehensive overview of future developments for bioinspired multiscale mineralization is given. Concentrating on the mechanism of fabrication and broad application prospects of multiscale mineralization, the hope is to provide inspirations for the design of other functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangrui Zuo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yifei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhengxin Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qiangwei Xin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chunmei Ding
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610041, China
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29
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Li B, Zheng X, Kim S, Wang X, Jiang F, Li R, Joo SW, Cong C, Li X. Fully printed non-contact touch sensors based on GCN/PDMS composites: enabling over-the-bottom detection, 3D recognition, and wireless transmission. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2311635. [PMID: 38361533 PMCID: PMC10868416 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2311635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancement in intelligent bionics has elevated electronic skin to a pivotal component in bionic robots, enabling swift responses to diverse external stimuli. Combining wearable touch sensors with IoT technology lays the groundwork for achieving the versatile functionality of electronic skin. However, most current touch sensors rely on capacitive layer deformations induced by pressure, leading to changes in capacitance values. Unfortunately, sensors of this kind often face limitations in practical applications due to their uniform sensing capabilities. This study presents a novel approach by incorporating graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at a low concentration. Surprisingly, this blend of materials with higher dielectric constants yields composite films with lower dielectric constants, contrary to expectations. Unlike traditional capacitive sensors, our non-contact touch sensors exploit electric field interference between the object and the sensor's edge, with enhanced effects from the low dielectric constant GCN/PDMS film. Consequently, we have fabricated touch sensor grids using an array configuration of dispensing printing techniques, facilitating fast response and ultra-low-limit contact detection with finger-to-device distances ranging from 5 to 100 mm. These sensors exhibit excellent resolution in recognizing 3D object shapes and accurately detecting positional motion. Moreover, they enable real-time monitoring of array data with signal transmission over a 4G network. In summary, our proposed approach for fabricating low dielectric constant thin films, as employed in non-contact touch sensors, opens new avenues for advancing electronic skin technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxiang Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianbin Zheng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - SeHyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuhao Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuhao Jiang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Li
- Technology Research and Development Department, Shandong Zhongkang Guochuang Research Institute of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology Co., Ltd ., Taian, China
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chenhao Cong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xinlin Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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30
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Sanjanwala D, Londhe V, Trivedi R, Bonde S, Sawarkar S, Kale V, Patravale V. Polysaccharide-based hydrogels for medical devices, implants and tissue engineering: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128488. [PMID: 38043653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are highly biocompatible biomaterials composed of crosslinked three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers. Owing to their natural origin, polysaccharide-based hydrogels (PBHs) possess low toxicity, high biocompatibility and demonstrate in vivo biodegradability, making them great candidates for use in various biomedical devices, implants, and tissue engineering. In addition, many polysaccharides also show additional biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticoagulant, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hemostatic, and anti-inflammatory, which can provide additional therapeutic benefits. The porous nature of PBHs allows for the immobilization of antibodies, aptamers, enzymes and other molecules on their surface, or within their matrix, potentiating their use in biosensor devices. Specific polysaccharides can be used to produce transparent hydrogels, which have been used widely to fabricate ocular implants. The ability of PBHs to encapsulate drugs and other actives has been utilized for making neural implants and coatings for cardiovascular devices (stents, pacemakers and venous catheters) and urinary catheters. Their high water-absorption capacity has been exploited to make superabsorbent diapers and sanitary napkins. The barrier property and mechanical strength of PBHs has been used to develop gels and films as anti-adhesive formulations for the prevention of post-operative adhesion. Finally, by virtue of their ability to mimic various body tissues, they have been explored as scaffolds and bio-inks for tissue engineering of a wide variety of organs. These applications have been described in detail, in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Sanjanwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Street, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Vaishali Londhe
- SVKM's NMIMS, Shobhaben Pratapbhai College of Pharmacy and Technology Management, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rashmi Trivedi
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Smita Bonde
- SVKM's NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur Campus, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujata Sawarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinita Kale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gurunanak College of Pharmacy, Kamptee Road, Nagpur 440026, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India.
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31
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Yang M, Ye Z, Ren Y, Farhat M, Chen PY. Materials, Designs, and Implementations of Wearable Antennas and Circuits for Biomedical Applications: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:26. [PMID: 38258145 PMCID: PMC10819388 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The intersection of biomedicine and radio frequency (RF) engineering has fundamentally transformed self-health monitoring by leveraging soft and wearable electronic devices. This paradigm shift presents a critical challenge, requiring these devices and systems to possess exceptional flexibility, biocompatibility, and functionality. To meet these requirements, traditional electronic systems, such as sensors and antennas made from rigid and bulky materials, must be adapted through material science and schematic design. Notably, in recent years, extensive research efforts have focused on this field, and this review article will concentrate on recent advancements. We will explore the traditional/emerging materials for highly flexible and electrically efficient wearable electronics, followed by systematic designs for improved functionality and performance. Additionally, we will briefly overview several remarkable applications of wearable electronics in biomedical sensing. Finally, we provide an outlook on potential future directions in this developing area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minye Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Spin Quantum Sensor Chips, Universities of Shaanxi Province, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (Z.Y.); (Y.R.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Zhilu Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (Z.Y.); (Y.R.); (P.-Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi’an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yichong Ren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (Z.Y.); (Y.R.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Mohamed Farhat
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Pai-Yen Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (Z.Y.); (Y.R.); (P.-Y.C.)
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32
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Lee D, Song J, Kim J, Lee J, Son D, Shin M. Soft and Conductive Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogel Electrodes for Electrocardiogram Monitoring. Gels 2023; 9:957. [PMID: 38131943 PMCID: PMC10742586 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The measurement of biosignals in the clinical and healthcare fields is fundamental; however, conventional electrodes pose challenges such as incomplete skin contact and skin-related issues, hindering accurate biosignal measurement. To address these challenges, conductive hydrogels, which are valuable owing to their biocompatibility and flexibility, have been widely developed and explored for electrode applications. In this study, we fabricated a conductive hydrogel by mixing polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) polymers dissolved in deionized water, followed by light-triggered crosslinking. Notably, this study pioneered the use of a PEGDA-PEDOT:PSS hydrogel for electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring- a type of biosignal. The resulting PEGDA-PEDOT:PSS hydrogel demonstrated remarkable conductivity while closely approximating the modulus of skin elasticity. Additionally, it demonstrated biocompatibility and a high signal-to-noise ratio in the waveforms. This study confirmed the exceptional suitability of the PEGDA-PEDOT:PSS hydrogel for accurate biosignal measurements with potential applications in various wearable devices designed for biosignal monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongik Lee
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (D.L.); (J.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jihyang Song
- Department of Artificial Intelligence System Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jungwoo Kim
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (D.L.); (J.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaebeom Lee
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (D.L.); (J.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Donghee Son
- Department of Artificial Intelligence System Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Shin
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (D.L.); (J.K.); (J.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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33
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Zhao X, Jiang H, Sun P, Wei R, Jiang S, Hu J, Zhang S. Multifunction E-Skin Based on MXene-PA-Hydrogel for Human Behavior Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56275-56284. [PMID: 37982453 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have attracted significant attention in various fields, such as smart sensing, human-machine interaction, and biomedicines, due to their excellent flexibility and versatility. However, current hydrogel electronic skins are still limited in stretchability, and their sensing functionality is often single-purpose, making it difficult to meet the requirements of complex environments and multitasking. In this study, we developed an MXene nanoplatelet and phytic acid-coreinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite, denoted as MXene-PA-PVA. The strong hydrogen bonds formed by the interaction of the different components and the enhancement of chain entanglement result in a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the PVA/PA/MXene composite hydrogel. This improvement is reflected in an increase of 271.43% in the maximum tensile strain and 35.29% in the maximum fracture stress. Moreover, the composite hydrogel exhibits excellent adhesion, water retention, heat resistance, and conductivity properties. The PVA/PA composite material combined with MXene demonstrates great potential for use as multifunctional sensors for strain and temperature detection with a strain-sensing sensitivity of 3.23 and a resistance temperature coefficient of 8.67. By leveraging the multifunctional characteristics of this composite hydrogel, electronic skin can accurately monitor human behavior and physiological reactions. This advancement opens up new possibilities for flexible electronic devices and human-machine interactions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiong Zhao
- Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Haocheng Jiang
- Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Ping Sun
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Ruichao Wei
- Research Institute of New Energy Vehicle Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- School of Automobile and Transportation, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Saihua Jiang
- Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Jianying Hu
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Southeast University, Road #2, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shuidong Zhang
- Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
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34
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Saha T, Del Caño R, De la Paz E, Sandhu SS, Wang J. Access and Management of Sweat for Non-Invasive Biomarker Monitoring: A Comprehensive Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206064. [PMID: 36433842 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sweat is an important biofluid presents in the body since it regulates the internal body temperature, and it is relatively easy to access on the skin unlike other biofluids and contains several biomarkers that are also present in the blood. Although sweat sensing devices have recently displayed tremendous progress, most of the emerging devices primarily focus on the sensor development, integration with electronics, wearability, and data from in vitro studies and short-term on-body trials during exercise. To further the advances in sweat sensing technology, this review aims to present a comprehensive report on the approaches to access and manage sweat from the skin toward improved sweat collection and sensing. It is begun by delineating the sweat secretion mechanism through the skin, and the historical perspective of sweat, followed by a detailed discussion on the mechanisms governing sweat generation and management on the skin. It is concluded by presenting the advanced applications of sweat sensing, supported by a discussion of robust, extended-operation epidermal wearable devices aiming to strengthen personalized healthcare monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamoghna Saha
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla, California, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rafael Del Caño
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla, California, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, E-14014, Spain
| | - Ernesto De la Paz
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla, California, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Samar S Sandhu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla, California, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla, California, CA, 92093, USA
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35
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Shajari S, Kuruvinashetti K, Komeili A, Sundararaj U. The Emergence of AI-Based Wearable Sensors for Digital Health Technology: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9498. [PMID: 38067871 PMCID: PMC10708748 DOI: 10.3390/s23239498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Disease diagnosis and monitoring using conventional healthcare services is typically expensive and has limited accuracy. Wearable health technology based on flexible electronics has gained tremendous attention in recent years for monitoring patient health owing to attractive features, such as lower medical costs, quick access to patient health data, ability to operate and transmit data in harsh environments, storage at room temperature, non-invasive implementation, mass scaling, etc. This technology provides an opportunity for disease pre-diagnosis and immediate therapy. Wearable sensors have opened a new area of personalized health monitoring by accurately measuring physical states and biochemical signals. Despite the progress to date in the development of wearable sensors, there are still several limitations in the accuracy of the data collected, precise disease diagnosis, and early treatment. This necessitates advances in applied materials and structures and using artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled wearable sensors to extract target signals for accurate clinical decision-making and efficient medical care. In this paper, we review two significant aspects of smart wearable sensors. First, we offer an overview of the most recent progress in improving wearable sensor performance for physical, chemical, and biosensors, focusing on materials, structural configurations, and transduction mechanisms. Next, we review the use of AI technology in combination with wearable technology for big data processing, self-learning, power-efficiency, real-time data acquisition and processing, and personalized health for an intelligent sensing platform. Finally, we present the challenges and future opportunities associated with smart wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Shajari
- Center for Applied Polymers and Nanotechnology (CAPNA), Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N1 N4, Canada;
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics (CBIE), Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics (QSIB), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Kirankumar Kuruvinashetti
- Intelligent Human and Animal Assistive Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (K.K.); (A.K.)
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Amin Komeili
- Intelligent Human and Animal Assistive Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (K.K.); (A.K.)
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Uttandaraman Sundararaj
- Center for Applied Polymers and Nanotechnology (CAPNA), Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N1 N4, Canada;
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36
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Yang Q, Yang W, Wang Z, Chen R, Li M, Qin C, Gao D, Chen W. Strong and Tough Antifreezing Hydrogel Sensor via the Synergy of Coordination and Hydrogen Bonds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:51684-51693. [PMID: 37874370 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel sensors are fascinating as flexible sensors and electronic skin due to their excellent biocompatibility and structure controllability. However, developing conductive hydrogels possessing both excellent mechanical and antifreezing properties for environmental-adaptive sensors remains a challenge. Herein, a strategy of combining betaine and metal ions to construct poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-based high-conductive hydrogels has been reported. PAA-Al3+/betaine hydrogels with high toughness and antifreezing property were prepared by a one-step UV curing method. Their high toughness is attributed to the coordination of metal ions with the carboxylic groups in PAA, the interaction of betaine with PAA, and the formation of hydrogen bonds between them and water molecules. Moreover, the significant antifreezing property is due to the reduction of free water in the hydrogel. This, in turn, is attributed to the hydration of metal ions and the synergistic hydrogen bonding between betaine and water. The experiments demonstrate that the hydrogel has excellent mechanical property, high conductivity, superior transparency, antiswelling property, antipuncture as well as shape memory properties, and especially, low cytotoxicity. It can be used as a sensor for motion detection and information recognition. This work provides new insights into the application of flexible sensors and human-machine interfaces in multienvironmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Mingzi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Chuanjian Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Dahang Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130021, China
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37
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Ho B, Zhao J, Liu J, Tang L, Guan Z, Li X, Li M, Howard E, Wheeler R, Bae J. SEMPro: A Data-Driven Pipeline To Learn Structure-Property Insights from Scanning Electron Microscopy Images. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2023; 5:3117-3125. [PMID: 37969140 PMCID: PMC10630981 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Analyzing hydrogel microstructure through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images is crucial in understanding hydrogel properties. However, the analysis of SEM images in hydrogel research heavily relies on the intuition of individual researchers and is constrained by the limited size of the dataset. To address this, we propose SEMPro, a data-driven solution using web-scraping and deep learning (DL) to compile and analyze the structure-property relationships of hydrogels through SEM images. It accurately predicts the elastic modulus from SEM images within the same order of magnitude and displays a learned extraction of modulus-relevant features in SEM images as seen through the nontrivial activation mapping and transfer learning. By employing Explainable AI through activation map exposure, SEMPro validates the model predictions. SEMPro represents a closed-loop data collection and analysis pipeline, providing critical insights into hydrogels and soft materials. This innovative approach has the potential to revolutionize hydrogel research, offering high-dimensional insights for further advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Ho
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joseph Liu
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lisa Tang
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Chemical
Engineering Program, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zhecun Guan
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Xiao Li
- Material
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Minghao Li
- Material
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Elizabeth Howard
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Rebecca Wheeler
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Chemical
Engineering Program, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jinhye Bae
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Chemical
Engineering Program, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Material
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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38
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Bai Y, Yan S, Wang Y, Wang Q, Duan X. Facile Preparation of a Self-Adhesive Conductive Hydrogel with Long-Term Usability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48744-48753. [PMID: 37802535 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Although conductive hydrogels (CHs) have been investigated as the wearable sensor in recent years, how to prepare the multifunctional CHs with long-term usability is still a big challenge. In this paper, we successfully prepared a kind of conductive and self-adhesive hydrogel with a simple method, and its excellent ductility makes it possible as a flexible strain sensor for intelligent monitoring. The CHs are constructed by poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), polydopamine (PDA), and phytic acid (PA) through the freeze-thaw cycle method. The introduction of PA enhanced the intermolecular force with PVA and provided much H+ for augmented conductivity, while the catechol group on PDA endows the hydrogel with self-adhesion ability. The PVA/PA/PDA hydrogel can directly contact with the skin and adhere to it stably, which makes the hydrogel potentially a wearable strain sensor. The PVA/PA/PDA hydrogel can monitor human motion signals (including fingers, elbows, knees, etc.) in real-time and can accurately monitor tiny electrical signals for smile and handwriting recognition. Notably, the composite CHs can be used in a normal environment even after 4 months. Because of its excellent ductility, self-adhesiveness, and conductivity, the PVA/PA/PDA hydrogel provides a new idea for wearable bioelectronic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shiqin Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yinbin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Xiao Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
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39
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Wang Y, Song L, Wang Q, Wang L, Li S, Du H, Wang C, Wang Y, Xue P, Nie WC, Wang X, Tang S. Multifunctional acetylated distarch phosphate based conducting hydrogel with high stretchability, ultralow hysteresis and fast response for wearable strain sensors. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 318:121106. [PMID: 37479435 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of flexible sensors has greatly increased the demand for high-performance hydrogels. However, it remains a challenge to fabricate flexible hydrogel sensors with high stretching, low hysteresis, excellent adhesion, good conductivity, sensing characteristics and bacteriostatic function in a simple way. Herein, a highly conducting double network hydrogel is presented by incorporating lithium chloride (LiCl) into the hydrogel consisting of poly (2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid/acrylamide/acrylic acid) (3A) network and acetylated distarch phosphate (ADSP). The addition of ADSP not only formed hydrogen bonds with 3A to improve the toughness of the hydrogel but also plays the role of "physical cross-linking" in 3A by "anchoring" the polymer molecular chains together. Tuning the composition of the hydrogel allows the attainment of the best functions, such as high stretchability (∼770 %), ultralow hysteresis (2.2 %, ε = 100 %), excellent electrical conductivity (2.9 S/m), strain sensitivity (GF = 3.0 at 200-500 % strain) and fast response (96 ms). Based on the above performance, the 3A/ADSP/LiCl hydrogel strain sensor can repeatedly and stably detect and monitor large-scale human movements and subtle sensing signals. In addition, the 3A/ADSP/LiCl hydrogel shows a good biocompatibility and bacteriostatic ability. This work provides an effective strategy for constructing the conductive hydrogels for wearable devices and flexible sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166, Baotong West Road, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Linmeng Song
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166, Baotong West Road, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166, Baotong West Road, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166, Baotong West Road, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Shiya Li
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166, Baotong West Road, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - HongChao Du
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166, Baotong West Road, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166, Baotong West Road, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166, Baotong West Road, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166, Baotong West Road, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Wu-Cheng Nie
- Sichuan Jinjiang Building Materials Technology Co. Ltd, Deyang, Sichuan 618304, PR China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166, Baotong West Road, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China
| | - Shaojian Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166, Baotong West Road, Weifang, Shandong 261053, PR China.
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40
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Luo J, Meng J, Zhennan C, Xueli Y, Xinran W, Ze L, Luo S, Wang L, Zhou J, Qin H. Preparation and properties of lignin-based dual network hydrogel and its application in sensing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:125913. [PMID: 37481187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Ionic conductive hydrogels prepared from various biological macromolecules are ideal materials for the manufacture of human motion sensors from the perspective of resource regeneration and environmental sustainability. However, it is now difficult to develop conductive hydrogels including excellent self-healing and mechanical properties, mainly due to their inherent trade-off between dynamic cross-linked healing and stable cross-linked mechanical strength. In this work, alkali lignin-Polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylic acid double network conductive hydrogels with high mechanical strength and good self-healing properties were prepared. We formed the primary network structure by hydrogen bonding interaction between polyvinyl alcohol, alkali lignin and polyacrylic acid, and the secondary network structure by coordination interaction with polyacrylic acid through the addition of Fe3+. The added lignin acts as a dynamic linkage bridge in a porous network mediated by multiple ligand bonds, imparting superior mechanical properties to the hydrogels. The relationships between the alkali lignin and iron ion dosage and the comprehensive properties of hydrogels (adhesion, antibacterial, self-healing, electrical conductivity and mechanical properties) were studied in detail. On this basis, the hydrogels explored the role of lignin in the regulation of hydrogels properties and revealed the self-healing and conductive mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Juan Meng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Chen Zhennan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Yang Xueli
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Wang Xinran
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Li Ze
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Shipeng Luo
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Liangcai Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Jianbin Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Hengfei Qin
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China; Key Laboratory of precious metal deep processing technology and application of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China.
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41
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Deng B, Wang Z, Liu W, Hu B. Multifunctional Motion Sensing Enabled by Laser-Induced Graphene. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6363. [PMID: 37834499 PMCID: PMC10573838 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of flexible sensors based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) has recently attracted much attention. It was commonly generated by laser-ablating commercial polyimide (PI). However, the weak mechanical extensibility of PI limits the development and diversified applications of LIG-based sensors. In this work, we adopted medical polyurethane (PU) tapes to peel off the LIG generated on PI and developed flexible and wearable sensors based on the proposed LIG/PU composite structure. Compared with other methods for LIG transfer, PU tape has many advantages, including a simplified process and being less time-consuming. We characterized the LIG samples generated under different laser powers and analyzed the property differences introduced by the transfer operation. We then studied the impact of fabrication mode on the strain sensitivity of the LIG/PU and optimized the design of a LIG/PU-based strain sensor, which possessed a gauge factor (GF) of up to 263.6 in the strain range of 75-90%. In addition, we designed a capacitive pressure sensor for tactile sensing, which is composed of two LIG/PU composite structures and a PI space layer. These LIG flexible devices can be used for human motion monitoring and tactile perception in sports events. This work provides a simple, fast, and low-cost way for the preparation of multifunctional sensor systems with good performance, which has a broad application prospect in human motion monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bin Hu
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (B.D.); (Z.W.); (W.L.)
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42
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Guo Z, Ma C, Xie W, Tang A, Liu W. An effective DLP 3D printing strategy of high strength and toughness cellulose hydrogel towards strain sensing. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:121006. [PMID: 37230626 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photocurable 3D printing technology has outperformed extrusion-based 3D printing technology in material adaptability, resolution, and printing rate, yet is still limited by the insecure preparation and selection of photoinitiators and thus less reported. In this work, we developed a printable hydrogel that can effectively facilitate various solid or hollow structures and even lattice structures. The chemical and physical dual-crosslinking strategy combined with cellulose nanofibers (CNF) significantly improved the strength and toughness of photocurable 3D printed hydrogels. In this study, the tensile breaking strength, Young's modulus, and toughness of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)D/cellulose nanofiber (PAM-co-PAA)D/CNF hydrogels were 375 %, 203 % and 544 % higher than those of the traditional single chemical crosslinked (PAM-co-PAA)S hydrogels, respectively. Notably, its outstanding compressive elasticity enabled it to recover under 90 % strain compression (about 4.12 MPa). Resultantly, the proposed hydrogel can be utilized as a flexible strain sensor to monitor the motions of human movements, such as the bending of fingers, wrists, and arms, and even the vibration of a speaking throat. The output of electrical signals can still be collected through strain even under the condition of energy shortage. In addition, photocurable 3D printing technology can provide customized services for hydrogel-based e-skin, such as hydrogel-based bracelets, fingerstall, and finger joint sleeves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiang Guo
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510641 Guangzhou City, PR China
| | - Chengdong Ma
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510641 Guangzhou City, PR China
| | - Weigui Xie
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510641 Guangzhou City, PR China
| | - Aimin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510641 Guangzhou City, PR China
| | - Wangyu Liu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510641 Guangzhou City, PR China.
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43
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Naik K, Singh P, Yadav M, Srivastava SK, Tripathi S, Ranjan R, Dhar P, Verma AK, Chaudhary S, Parmar AS. 3D printable, injectable amyloid-based composite hydrogel of bovine serum albumin and aloe vera for rapid diabetic wound healing. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8142-8158. [PMID: 37431285 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01151h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based biomaterials, particularly amyloids, have sparked considerable scientific interest in recent years due to their exceptional mechanical strength, excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. In this work, we have synthesized a novel amyloid-based composite hydrogel consisting of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and aloe vera (AV) gel to utilize the medicinal properties of the AV gel and circumvent its mechanical frangibility. The synthesized composite hydrogel demonstrated an excellent porous structure, self-fluorescence, non-toxicity, and controlled rheological properties. Moreover, this hydrogel possesses inherent antioxidant and antibacterial properties, which accelerate the rapid healing of wounds. The in vitro wound healing capabilities of the synthesized composite hydrogel were evaluated using 3T3 fibroblast cells. Moreover, the efficacy of the hydrogel in accelerating chronic wound healing via collagen crosslinking was investigated through in vivo experiments using a diabetic mouse skin model. The findings indicate that the composite hydrogel, when applied, promotes wound healing by inducing collagen deposition and upregulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors. We also demonstrate the feasibility of the 3D printing of the BSA-AV hydrogel, which can be tailored to treat various types of wound. The 3D printed hydrogel exhibits excellent shape fidelity and mechanical properties that can be utilized for personalized treatment and rapid chronic wound healing. Taken together, the BSA-AV hydrogel has great potential as a bio-ink in tissue engineering as a dermal substitute for customizable skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Naik
- Biophysics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Nanobiotech Lab, Kirorimal College, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India.
| | - Monika Yadav
- Nanobiotech Lab, Kirorimal College, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India.
| | - Saurabh Kr Srivastava
- Biophysics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Shikha Tripathi
- Biophysics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Rahul Ranjan
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Prodyut Dhar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Anita Kamra Verma
- Nanobiotech Lab, Kirorimal College, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India.
| | - Shilpi Chaudhary
- Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Avanish Singh Parmar
- Biophysics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
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44
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Sun YT, Zhao C, Zhu YL, Guan JL, Zhang LL, Wei L, Sun ZY, Huang YN. The design of highly conductive and stretchable polymer conductors with low-load nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6176-6182. [PMID: 37551147 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00669g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Highly conductive and stretchable polymer conductors fabricated from conductive fillers and stretchable polymers are urgently needed in flexible electronics, implants, soft robotics, etc. However, polymer conductors encounter the conductivity-stretchability dilemma, in which high-load fillers needed for high conductivity always result in the stiffness of materials. Herein, we propose a new design of highly conductive and stretchable polymer conductors with low-load nanoparticles (NPs). The design is achieved by the self-assembly of surface-modified NPs to efficiently form robust conductive pathways. We employ computer simulations to elucidate the self-assembly of the NPs in the polymer matrices under equilibrium and tensile states. The conductive pathways retain 100% percolation probability even though the loading of the NPs is lowered to ∼2% volume. When the tensile strain reaches 400%, the percolation probability of the ∼2% NP system is still greater than 25%. The theoretical prediction suggests a way for advancing flexible conductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Sun
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Phase Transitions and Microstructures in Condensed Matter Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Can Zhao
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Phase Transitions and Microstructures in Condensed Matter Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, China.
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Phase Transitions and Microstructures in Condensed Matter Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jun-Lei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Phase Transitions and Microstructures in Condensed Matter Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, China.
| | - Lai Wei
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Phase Transitions and Microstructures in Condensed Matter Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, China.
| | - Zhao-Yan Sun
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Phase Transitions and Microstructures in Condensed Matter Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yi-Neng Huang
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Phase Transitions and Microstructures in Condensed Matter Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, China.
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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45
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Ullah R, Shah LA, Khan M, Ara L. Guar gum reinforced conductive hydrogel for strain sensing and electronic devices. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125666. [PMID: 37406904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobically associated conductive hydrogels got great attention due to their excellent properties like stretchability, energy dissipation mechanism, and strain sensor. But hydrophobically associated hydrogels have poor mechanical properties and time response to external stimuli. To enhance the mechanical properties and response to stimuli, Acrylamide- co-Butyl acrylate/Gum based conductive hydrogels were prepared. SDS works as a cross-linker and micelle-forming agent while NaCl makes hydrogel as conductive. The results show that our % strain sensing reached up to 400 %, and fracture stress and fracture strain reached to 0.5 MPa and 401 % respectively. Besides this, it's having an excellent response to continuous stretching and unstretching multiple cycles without any fracture up to 180 s and an excellent time response of 190 s. The conductivity of the hydrogel was 0.20 Sm-1. The hydrophobic hydrogels showed a clear and quick response to human motions like finger, wresting, writing, speaking, etc. Interestingly, our prepared hydrogels can detect the mood of the human face. Similarly, the hydrogels were found efficient in bridging the surface of electronic devices with human skin. This indicates that our prepared hydrogels can monitor human body motion and will replace the existing materials used in strain sensors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafi Ullah
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Luqman Ali Shah
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Mansoor Khan
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Latafat Ara
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
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46
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Zhang R, Yang A, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Song Y, Li Y, Li J. Mussel-inspired cellulose nanofiber/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels with robustness, self-adhesion and antimicrobial activity for strain sensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125469. [PMID: 37343611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Flexible strain sensors have attracted substantial attention given their application in human-computer interaction and personal health monitoring. Due to the inherent disadvantages of conventional hydrogels, the manufacture of hydrogel strain sensors with high tensile strength, excellent adhesion, self-healing and antimicrobial properties in vitro, and conductive stability is still a challenge. Herein, a conductive hydrogel consisting of polydopamine-coated cellulose nanofibers (CNF@PDA), carbon nanotubes (CNT), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was developed. The CNTs in PVA/CNF@PDA/CNT hydrogels were uniformly dispersed in the presence of CNF@PDA by hydrogen bonding, resulting in a nearly threefold increase in conductivity (0.4 S/m) over hydrogels without PDA. The hydrogel exhibited satisfactory tensile properties (tensile stress up to 0.79 MPa), good fatigue resistance, self-recovery and excellent antimicrobial activity in vitro. It showed excellent adhesion, especially the adhesion strength of pigskin was increased to 27 kPa. In addition, the hydrogel was used as a strain sensor, exhibiting excellent strain sensitivity (strain coefficient = 2.29), fast response (150 ms), and great durability (over 1000 cycles). The fabricated strain sensors can detect both large and subtle human movements (e.g., wrist bending and vocalization) with stable and repeatable electrical signals, indicating potential applications in personal health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, PR China
| | - An Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, PR China
| | - Yutong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, PR China
| | - Yachong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, PR China
| | - Yongming Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, PR China.
| | - Yao Li
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure,Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, PR China
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47
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Quazi MZ, Hwang J, Song Y, Park N. Hydrogel-Based Biosensors for Effective Therapeutics. Gels 2023; 9:545. [PMID: 37504424 PMCID: PMC10378974 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology and polymer engineering are navigating toward new developments to control and overcome complex problems. In the last few decades, polymer engineering has received researchers' attention and similarly, polymeric network-engineered structures have been vastly studied. Prior to therapeutic application, early and rapid detection analyses are critical. Therefore, developing hydrogel-based sensors to manage the acute expression of diseases and malignancies to devise therapeutic approaches demands advanced nanoengineering. However, nano-therapeutics have emerged as an alternative approach to tackling strenuous diseases. Similarly, sensing applications for multiple kinds of analytes in water-based environments and other media are gaining wide interest. It has also been observed that these functional roles can be used as alternative approaches to the detection of a wide range of biomolecules and pathogenic proteins. Moreover, hydrogels have emerged as a three-dimensional (3D) polymeric network that consists of hydrophilic natural or synthetic polymers with multidimensional dynamics. The resemblance of hydrogels to tissue structure makes them more unique to study inquisitively. Preceding studies have shown a vast spectrum of synthetic and natural polymer applications in the field of biotechnology and molecular diagnostics. This review explores recent studies on synthetic and natural polymers engineered hydrogel-based biosensors and their applications in multipurpose diagnostics and therapeutics. We review the latest studies on hydrogel-engineered biosensors, exclusively DNA-based and DNA hydrogel-fabricated biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohzibudin Z Quazi
- Department of Chemistry and the Natural Science Research Institute, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Yongin-si 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and the Natural Science Research Institute, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Yongin-si 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseo Song
- Department of Chemistry and the Natural Science Research Institute, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Yongin-si 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nokyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry and the Natural Science Research Institute, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Yongin-si 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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48
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Zhang C, Kong J, Wu D, Guan Z, Ding B, Chen F. Wearable Sensor: An Emerging Data Collection Tool for Plant Phenotyping. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 5:0051. [PMID: 37408737 PMCID: PMC10318905 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of plant phenomics by using optical imaging-based phenotyping techniques has markedly improved breeding and crop management. However, there remains a challenge in increasing the spatial resolution and accuracy due to their noncontact measurement mode. Wearable sensors, an emerging data collection tool, present a promising solution to address these challenges. By using a contact measurement mode, wearable sensors enable in-situ monitoring of plant phenotypes and their surrounding environments. Although a few pioneering works have been reported in monitoring plant growth and microclimate, the utilization of wearable sensors in plant phenotyping has yet reach its full potential. This review aims to systematically examine the progress of wearable sensors in monitoring plant phenotypes and the environment from an interdisciplinary perspective, including materials science, signal communication, manufacturing technology, and plant physiology. Additionally, this review discusses the challenges and future directions of wearable sensors in the field of plant phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Engineering,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jingjing Kong
- College of Engineering,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daosheng Wu
- College of Engineering,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Baoqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
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49
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Zhao Y, Liu W, Bai X, Huang W, Gu Y, Chen S, Lan J. Highly water dispersible collagen/polyaniline nanocomposites with strong adhesion for electrochromic films with enhanced cycling stability. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124657. [PMID: 37119893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic materials have attracted extensive attention recently due to their versatile applications in smart windows, displays, antiglare rearview mirrors, and so on. Herein we report a new electrochromic composite prepared from collagen and polyaniline (PANI) through a self-assembly assisted co-precipitation method. The introduction of hydrophilic collagen macromolecules into PANI nanoparticles makes the collagen/PANI (C/PANI) nanocomposite obtain excellent dispersibility in water, which provides good environmental-friendly solution processability. Furthermore, the C/PANI nanocomposite exhibits excellent film-forming properties and adhesion to the ITO glass matrix. The resulting electrochromic film of the C/PANI nanocomposite displays significantly improved cycling stability compared with the pure PANI film after 500 coloring-bleaching cycles. On the other hand, the composite films also exhibit yellow, green and blue polychromatic properties at different applied voltages and high average transmittance at the bleaching state. The C/PANI electrochromic material illustrates scaling potential for the application of electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Zhao
- Functional Polymer Materials Laboratory, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Functional Polymer Materials Laboratory, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Functional Polymer Materials Laboratory, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wenhuan Huang
- Chunliang Oil Production Plant of Shengli Oilfield, Sinopec, BinZhou City 256504, Shandong, China
| | - Yingchun Gu
- Functional Polymer Materials Laboratory, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Functional Polymer Materials Laboratory, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jianwu Lan
- Functional Polymer Materials Laboratory, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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50
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Peng L, Su Y, Yang X, Sui G. A liquid metal/carbon nanotubes complex enabling ultra-fast polymerization of super-robust, stretchable adhesive hydrogels for highly sensitive sensor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 638:313-323. [PMID: 36746050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) usually served as conductive and reinforcing nanofillers for making nanocomposites have never been reported to play a role in accelerating fabrication of hydrogels. Herein, we report an important discovery that by involving CNTs and liquid metal (LM) to form a complex (LM@CNTs), multifunctional hydrogels are rapidly prepared from vinyl monomers without heating or adding any initiators and crosslinkers. Study results demonstrate that LM@CNTs not only performs as both initiator and crosslinker for synthesizing hydrogels, but also dramatically reduces the polymerization duration from 3 days to minute levels, compared with that of only LM involved in hydrogel fabrication. Specifically, the complex initiates (<60 s) and crosslinks (<8min) monomers to form the high-performance hydrogels, which significantly reduces energy consumptions. The resulting polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel possesses super stretchability (∼1200 %), high tensile strength (0.96 MPa), outstanding strain sensitivity (Gauge factor = 15.40 at 300-500 % strain), and excellent adhesion to various substrate surfaces. Additionally, the injectable molding performance will benefit the mass production of the hydrogels, which exhibits great potential for applications of wearable flexible sensors. This study provides an environmentally friendly, rapid polymerization, and energy-saving strategy by effectively applying nano-fillers for viable fabrication and application of multifunctional hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yaotian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Gang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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