1
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Gao H, Pathan S, Dixon BREA, Pugazenthi A, Mathison M, Mohamed TMA, Rosengart TK, Yang J. Sall4 and Gata4 induce cardiac fibroblast transition towards a partially multipotent state with cardiogenic potential. Sci Rep 2024; 14:24182. [PMID: 39406776 PMCID: PMC11480346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac cellular fate transition holds remarkable promise for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. We report that overexpressing two transcription factors, Sall4 and Gata4, which play distinct and overlapping roles in both pluripotent stem cell reprogramming and embryonic heart development, induces a fraction of stem-like cells in rodent cardiac fibroblasts that exhibit unlimited ex vivo expandability with clonogenicity. Transcriptomic and phenotypic analyses reveal that around 32 ± 6.4% of the expanding cells express Nkx2.5, while 13 ± 3.6% express Oct4. Activated signaling pathways like PI3K/Akt, Hippo, Wnt, and multiple epigenetic modification enzymes are also detected. Under suitable conditions, these cells demonstrate a high susceptibility to differentiating into cardiomyocyte, endothelial cell, and extracardiac neuron-like cells. The presence of partially pluripotent-like cells is characterized by alkaline phosphatase staining, germ layer marker expression, and tumor formation in injected mice (n = 5). Additionally, significant stem-like fate transitions and cardiogenic abilities are induced in human cardiac fibroblasts, but not in rat or human skin fibroblasts. Molecularly, we identify that SALL4 and GATA4 physically interact and synergistically stimulate the promoters of pluripotency genes but repress fibrogenic gene, which correlates with a primitive transition process. Together, this study uncovers a new cardiac regenerative mechanism that could potentially advance therapeutic endeavors and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gao
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Saliha Pathan
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Beverly R E A Dixon
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aarthi Pugazenthi
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Megumi Mathison
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tamer M A Mohamed
- Department of Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, 6519 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Todd K Rosengart
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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2
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Lai CY, Hsieh MC, Chou D, Lin KH, Wang HH, Yang PS, Lin TB, Peng HY. The Transcription Factor Tbx5-Dependent Epigenetic Modification Contributes to Neuropathic Allodynia by Activating TRPV1 Expression in the Dorsal Horn. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0497242024. [PMID: 39174351 PMCID: PMC11426380 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0497-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nerve injury can induce aberrant changes in the spine; these changes are due to, or at least partly governed by, transcription factors that contribute to the genesis of neuropathic allodynia. Here, we showed that spinal nerve ligation (SNL, a clinical neuropathic allodynia model) increased the expression of the transcription factor Tbx5 in the injured dorsal horn in male Sprague Dawley rats. In contrast, blocking this upregulation alleviated SNL-induced mechanical allodynia, and there was no apparent effect on locomotor function. Moreover, SNL-induced Tbx5 upregulation promoted the recruitment and interaction of GATA4 and Brd4 by enhancing its binding activity to H3K9Ac, which was enriched at the Trpv1 promotor, leading to an increase in TRPV1 transcription and the development of neuropathic allodynia. In addition, nerve injury-induced expression of Fbxo3, which abates Fbxl2-dependent Tbx5 ubiquitination, promoted the subsequent Tbx5-dependent epigenetic modification of TRPV1 expression during SNL-induced neuropathic allodynia. Collectively, our findings indicated that spinal Tbx5-dependent TRPV1 transcription signaling contributes to the development of neuropathic allodynia via Fbxo3-dependent Fbxl2 ubiquitination and degradation. Thus, we propose a potential medical treatment strategy for neuropathic allodynia by targeting Tbx5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yuan Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Dylan Chou
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Hsiao Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Sheng Yang
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tzer-Bin Lin
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yu Peng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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3
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Wu Y, Chen S, Huang G, Zhang L, Zhong L, Feng Y, Wen P, Liu J. Transcriptome analysis reveals EBF1 ablation-induced injuries in cardiac system. Theranostics 2024; 14:4894-4915. [PMID: 39239522 PMCID: PMC11373621 DOI: 10.7150/thno.92060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Regulatory processes of transcription factors (TFs) shape heart development and influence the adult heart's response to stress, contributing to cardiac disorders. Despite their significance, the precise mechanisms underpinning TF-mediated regulation remain elusive. Here, we identify that EBF1, as a TF, is highly expressed in human heart tissues. EBF1 is reported to be associated with human cardiovascular disease, but its roles are unclear in heart. In this study, we investigated EBF1 function in cardiac system. Methods: RNA-seq was utilized to profile EBF1 expression patterns. CRISPR/Cas9 was utilized to knock out EBF1 to investigate its effects. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) differentiated into cardiac lineages were used to mimic cardiac development. Cardiac function was evaluated on mouse model with Ebf1 knockout by using techniques such as echocardiography. RNA-seq was conducted to analyze transcriptional perturbations. ChIP-seq was employed to elucidate EBF1-bound genes and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Results: EBF1 was expressed in some human and mouse cardiomyocyte. Knockout of EBF1 inhibited cardiac development. ChIP-seq indicated EBF1's binding on promoters of cardiogenic TFs pivotal to cardiac development, facilitating their transcriptional expression and promoting cardiac development. In mouse, Ebf1 depletion triggered transcriptional perturbations of genes, resulting in cardiac remodeling. Mechanistically, we found that EBF1 directly bound to upstream chromatin regions of cardiac hypertrophy-inducing genes, contributing to cardiac hypertrophy. Conclusions: We uncover the mechanisms underlying EBF1-mediated regulatory processes, shedding light on cardiac development, and the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling. These findings emphasize EBF1's critical role in orchestrating diverse aspects of cardiac processes and provide a promising therapeutic intervention for cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Wu
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, 510080
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510080
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China, 510080
| | - Shaoxian Chen
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, 510080
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510080
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China, 510080
| | - Guiping Huang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, 510080
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510080
| | - Lu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China, 510530
| | - Liying Zhong
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, 510080
| | - Yi Feng
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, 510080
| | - Pengju Wen
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, 510080
| | - Juli Liu
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, 510080
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510080
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4
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Piñeiro-Sabarís R, MacGrogan D, de la Pompa JL. Intricate MIB1-NOTCH-GATA6 Interactions in Cardiac Valvular and Septal Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:223. [PMID: 39057643 PMCID: PMC11277162 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11070223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies and experimental mouse models implicate the MIB1 and GATA6 genes in congenital heart disease (CHD). Their close physical proximity and conserved synteny suggest that these two genes might be involved in analogous cardiac developmental processes. Heterozygous Gata6 loss-of-function mutations alone or humanized Mib1 mutations in a NOTCH1-sensitized genetic background cause bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and a membranous ventricular septal defect (VSD), consistent with MIB1 and NOTCH1 functioning in the same pathway. To determine if MIB1-NOTCH and GATA6 interact in valvular and septal development, we generated compound heterozygote mice carrying different Mib1 missense (Mib1K735R and Mib1V943F) or nonsense (Mib1R530X) mutations with the Gata6STOP/+ heterozygous null mutation. Combining Mib1R530X/+ or Mib1K735R/+ with Gata6STOP/+ does not affect Gata6STOP/+ single mutant phenotypes. In contrast, combining Mib1V943F/+ with Gata6STOP/+ decreases the incidence of BAV and VSD by 50%, suggesting a suppressive effect of Mib1V943F/+ on Gata6STOP/+. Transcriptomic and functional analyses revealed that while the EMT pathway term is depleted in the Gata6STOP/+ mutant, introducing the Mib1V943F variant robustly enriches this term, consistent with the Mib1V943F/+ phenotypic suppression of Gata6STOP/+. Interestingly, combined Notch1 and Gata6 insufficiency led to a nearly fully penetrant VSD but did not affect the BAV phenotype, underscoring the complex functional relationship between MIB1, NOTCH, and GATA6 in valvular and septal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Piñeiro-Sabarís
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Donal MacGrogan
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Dou J, Tan Y, Kock KH, Wang J, Cheng X, Tan LM, Han KY, Hon CC, Park WY, Shin JW, Jin H, Wang Y, Chen H, Ding L, Prabhakar S, Navin N, Chen R, Chen K. Single-nucleotide variant calling in single-cell sequencing data with Monopogen. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:803-812. [PMID: 37592035 PMCID: PMC11098741 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell omics technologies enable molecular characterization of diverse cell types and states, but how the resulting transcriptional and epigenetic profiles depend on the cell's genetic background remains understudied. We describe Monopogen, a computational tool to detect single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) from single-cell sequencing data. Monopogen leverages linkage disequilibrium from external reference panels to identify germline SNVs and detects putative somatic SNVs using allele cosegregating patterns at the cell population level. It can identify 100 K to 3 M germline SNVs achieving a genotyping accuracy of 95%, together with hundreds of putative somatic SNVs. Monopogen-derived genotypes enable global and local ancestry inference and identification of admixed samples. It identifies variants associated with cardiomyocyte metabolic levels and epigenomic programs. It also improves putative somatic SNV detection that enables clonal lineage tracing in primary human clonal hematopoiesis. Monopogen brings together population genetics, cell lineage tracing and single-cell omics to uncover genetic determinants of cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhuang Dou
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yukun Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kian Hong Kock
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jun Wang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuesen Cheng
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Le Min Tan
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kyung Yeon Han
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chung-Chau Hon
- Laboratory for Genome Information Analysis, RIKEN center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jay W Shin
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics Circuit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Haijing Jin
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Han Chen
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Ding
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shyam Prabhakar
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nicholas Navin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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6
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Baudic M, Murata H, Bosada FM, Melo US, Aizawa T, Lindenbaum P, van der Maarel LE, Guedon A, Baron E, Fremy E, Foucal A, Ishikawa T, Ushinohama H, Jurgens SJ, Choi SH, Kyndt F, Le Scouarnec S, Wakker V, Thollet A, Rajalu A, Takaki T, Ohno S, Shimizu W, Horie M, Kimura T, Ellinor PT, Petit F, Dulac Y, Bru P, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Redon R, Le Marec H, Le Tourneau T, Gourraud JB, Yoshida Y, Makita N, Vieyres C, Makiyama T, Mundlos S, Christoffels VM, Probst V, Schott JJ, Barc J. TAD boundary deletion causes PITX2-related cardiac electrical and structural defects. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3380. [PMID: 38643172 PMCID: PMC11032321 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
While 3D chromatin organization in topologically associating domains (TADs) and loops mediating regulatory element-promoter interactions is crucial for tissue-specific gene regulation, the extent of their involvement in human Mendelian disease is largely unknown. Here, we identify 7 families presenting a new cardiac entity associated with a heterozygous deletion of 2 CTCF binding sites on 4q25, inducing TAD fusion and chromatin conformation remodeling. The CTCF binding sites are located in a gene desert at 1 Mb from the Paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 gene (PITX2). By introducing the ortholog of the human deletion in the mouse genome, we recapitulate the patient phenotype and characterize an opposite dysregulation of PITX2 expression in the sinoatrial node (ectopic activation) and ventricle (reduction), respectively. Chromatin conformation assay performed in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes harboring the minimal deletion identified in family#1 reveals a conformation remodeling and fusion of TADs. We conclude that TAD remodeling mediated by deletion of CTCF binding sites causes a new autosomal dominant Mendelian cardiac disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Baudic
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Hiroshige Murata
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fernanda M Bosada
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Uirá Souto Melo
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, RG Development and Disease, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Takanori Aizawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Pierre Lindenbaum
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Lieve E van der Maarel
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amaury Guedon
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Baron
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Enora Fremy
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Adrien Foucal
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Taisuke Ishikawa
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroya Ushinohama
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sean J Jurgens
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seung Hoan Choi
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Florence Kyndt
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Solena Le Scouarnec
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Wakker
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Thollet
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Annabelle Rajalu
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Tadashi Takaki
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program for iPS Cell Applications, Fujisawa, Japan
- Department of Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiko Ohno
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ohtsu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Florence Petit
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU Lille, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, F-59000, Lille, France
- University of Lille, EA 7364-RADEME, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Yves Dulac
- Unité de Cardiologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital des Enfants, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul Bru
- Service de Cardiologie, GH La Rochelle, F-17019, La Rochelle, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057, Evry, France
| | - Richard Redon
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Hervé Le Marec
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Thierry Le Tourneau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Gourraud
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yoshinori Yoshida
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naomasa Makita
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Sapporo Teishinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Claude Vieyres
- Cabinet Cardiologique, Clinique St. Joseph, F-16000, Angoulême, France
| | - Takeru Makiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine Supporting System, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Stephan Mundlos
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, RG Development and Disease, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Probst
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Jacques Schott
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France.
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Julien Barc
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France.
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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7
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Broman MT, Nadadur RD, Perez-Cervantes C, Burnicka-Turek O, Lazarevic S, Gams A, Laforest B, Steimle JD, Iddir S, Wang Z, Smith L, Mazurek SR, Olivey HE, Zhou P, Gadek M, Shen KM, Khan Z, Theisen JW, Yang XH, Ikegami K, Efimov IR, Pu WT, Weber CR, McNally EM, Svensson EC, Moskowitz IP. A Genomic Link From Heart Failure to Atrial Fibrillation Risk: FOG2 Modulates a TBX5/GATA4-Dependent Atrial Gene Regulatory Network. Circulation 2024; 149:1205-1230. [PMID: 38189150 PMCID: PMC11152454 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.066804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) is clear, with up to half of patients with HF progressing to AF. The pathophysiological basis of AF in the context of HF is presumed to result from atrial remodeling. Upregulation of the transcription factor FOG2 (friend of GATA2; encoded by ZFPM2) is observed in human ventricles during HF and causes HF in mice. METHODS FOG2 expression was assessed in human atria. The effect of adult-specific FOG2 overexpression in the mouse heart was evaluated by whole animal electrophysiology, in vivo organ electrophysiology, cellular electrophysiology, calcium flux, mouse genetic interactions, gene expression, and genomic function, including a novel approach for defining functional transcription factor interactions based on overlapping effects on enhancer noncoding transcription. RESULTS FOG2 is significantly upregulated in the human atria during HF. Adult cardiomyocyte-specific FOG2 overexpression in mice caused primary spontaneous AF before the development of HF or atrial remodeling. FOG2 overexpression generated arrhythmia substrate and trigger in cardiomyocytes, including calcium cycling defects. We found that FOG2 repressed atrial gene expression promoted by TBX5. FOG2 bound a subset of GATA4 and TBX5 co-bound genomic locations, defining a shared atrial gene regulatory network. FOG2 repressed TBX5-dependent transcription from a subset of co-bound enhancers, including a conserved enhancer at the Atp2a2 locus. Atrial rhythm abnormalities in mice caused by Tbx5 haploinsufficiency were rescued by Zfpm2 haploinsufficiency. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional changes in the atria observed in human HF directly antagonize the atrial rhythm gene regulatory network, providing a genomic link between HF and AF risk independent of atrial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Broman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Rangarajan D. Nadadur
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Carlos Perez-Cervantes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Ozanna Burnicka-Turek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Sonja Lazarevic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Anna Gams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University
| | - Brigitte Laforest
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Jeffrey D. Steimle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Sabrina Iddir
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Zhezhen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Linsin Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Stefan R. Mazurek
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Harold E. Olivey
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN 46408
| | | | - Margaret Gadek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Kaitlyn M. Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Zoheb Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Joshua W.M. Theisen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Xinan H. Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Kohta Ikegami
- Division of Molecular and Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Igor R. Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University
| | - William T. Pu
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115
| | | | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior, SQ5-516, Chicago, IL 60611
| | | | - Ivan P. Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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8
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Nguyen T, Rosa-Garrido M, Sadek H, Garry DJ, Zhang JJ. Promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation for myocardial regeneration in large mammals. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 188:52-60. [PMID: 38340541 PMCID: PMC11018144 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
From molecular and cellular perspectives, heart failure is caused by the loss of cardiomyocytes-the fundamental contractile units of the heart. Because mammalian cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle shortly after birth, the cardiomyocyte damage induced by myocardial infarction (MI) typically leads to dilatation of the left ventricle (LV) and often progresses to heart failure. However, recent findings indicate that the hearts of neonatal pigs completely regenerated the cardiomyocytes that were lost to MI when the injury occurred on postnatal day 1 (P1). This recovery was accompanied by increases in the expression of markers for cell-cycle activity in cardiomyocytes. These results suggest that the repair process was driven by cardiomyocyte proliferation. This review summarizes findings from recent studies that found evidence of cardiomyocyte proliferation in 1) the uninjured hearts of newborn pigs on P1, 2) neonatal pig hearts after myocardial injury on P1, and 3) the hearts of pigs that underwent apical resection surgery (AR) on P1 followed by MI on postnatal day 28 (P28). Analyses of cardiomyocyte single-nucleus RNA sequencing data collected from the hearts of animals in these three experimental groups, their corresponding control groups, and fetal pigs suggested that although the check-point regulators and other molecules that direct cardiomyocyte cell-cycle progression and proliferation in fetal, newborn, and postnatal pigs were identical, the mechanisms that activated cardiomyocyte proliferation in response to injury may differ from those that regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Manuel Rosa-Garrido
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Hesham Sadek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jianyi Jay Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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9
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Froese N, Szaroszyk M, Galuppo P, Visker JR, Werlein C, Korf‐Klingebiel M, Berliner D, Reboll MR, Hamouche R, Gegel S, Wang Y, Hofmann W, Tang M, Geffers R, Wende AR, Kühnel MP, Jonigk DD, Hansmann G, Wollert KC, Abel ED, Drakos SG, Bauersachs J, Riehle C. Hypoxia Attenuates Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033553. [PMID: 38293923 PMCID: PMC11056135 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar hypoxia is protective in the context of cardiovascular and ischemic heart disease; however, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The present study sought to test the hypothesis that hypoxia is cardioprotective in left ventricular pressure overload (LVPO)-induced heart failure. We furthermore aimed to test that overlapping mechanisms promote cardiac recovery in heart failure patients following left ventricular assist device-mediated mechanical unloading and circulatory support. METHODS AND RESULTS We established a novel murine model of combined chronic alveolar hypoxia and LVPO following transverse aortic constriction (HxTAC). The HxTAC model is resistant to cardiac hypertrophy and the development of heart failure. The cardioprotective mechanisms identified in our HxTAC model include increased activation of HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor)-1α-mediated angiogenesis, attenuated induction of genes associated with pathological remodeling, and preserved metabolic gene expression as identified by RNA sequencing. Furthermore, LVPO decreased Tbx5 and increased Hsd11b1 mRNA expression under normoxic conditions, which was attenuated under hypoxic conditions and may induce additional hypoxia-mediated cardioprotective effects. Analysis of samples from patients with advanced heart failure that demonstrated left ventricular assist device-mediated myocardial recovery revealed a similar expression pattern for TBX5 and HSD11B1 as observed in HxTAC hearts. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia attenuates LVPO-induced heart failure. Cardioprotective pathways identified in the HxTAC model might also contribute to cardiac recovery following left ventricular assist device support. These data highlight the potential of our novel HxTAC model to identify hypoxia-mediated cardioprotective mechanisms and therapeutic targets that attenuate LVPO-induced heart failure and mediate cardiac recovery following mechanical circulatory support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Froese
- Department of Cardiology and AngiologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | | | - Paolo Galuppo
- Department of Cardiology and AngiologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Joseph R. Visker
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (CVRTI) and Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | | | | | - Dominik Berliner
- Department of Cardiology and AngiologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Marc R. Reboll
- Department of Cardiology and AngiologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Rana Hamouche
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (CVRTI) and Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Simona Gegel
- Department of Cardiology and AngiologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology and AngiologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Winfried Hofmann
- Department of Human GeneticsHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Human GeneticsHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
- L3S Research CenterLeibniz UniversityHannoverGermany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Helmholtz Center for Infection ResearchResearch Group Genome AnalyticsBraunschweigGermany
| | - Adam R. Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Mark P. Kühnel
- Institute of PathologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
- Biomedical Research in End‐stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH)German Lung Research Center (DZL)HannoverGermany
| | - Danny D. Jonigk
- Institute of PathologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
- Biomedical Research in End‐stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH)German Lung Research Center (DZL)HannoverGermany
| | - Georg Hansmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical CareHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
- Department of Pediatric CardiologyUniversity Medical Center Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Kai C. Wollert
- Department of Cardiology and AngiologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Department of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA HealthLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Stavros G. Drakos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (CVRTI) and Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and AngiologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Christian Riehle
- Department of Cardiology and AngiologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
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10
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Nguyen TM, Geng X, Wei Y, Ye L, Garry DJ, Zhang J. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis identifies one subpopulation of endothelial cells that proliferates and another that undergoes the endothelial-mesenchymal transition in regenerating pig hearts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1257669. [PMID: 38288246 PMCID: PMC10823534 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1257669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: In our previous work, we demonstrated that when newborn pigs undergo apical resection (AR) on postnatal day 1 (P1), the animals' hearts were completely recover from a myocardial infarction (MI) that occurs on postnatal day 28 (P28); single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) data suggested that this recovery was achieved by regeneration of pig cardiomyocyte subpopulations in response to MI. However, coronary vasculature also has a key role in promoting cardiac repair. Method: Thus, in this report, we used autoencoder algorithms to analyze snRNAseq data from endothelial cells (ECs) in the hearts of the same animals. Main results: Our results identified five EC clusters, three composed of vascular ECs (VEC1-3) and two containing lymphatic ECs (LEC1-2). Cells from VEC1 expressed elevated levels of each of five cell-cyclespecific markers (Aurora Kinase B [AURKB], Marker of Proliferation Ki-67 [MKI67], Inner Centromere Protein [INCENP], Survivin [BIRC5], and Borealin [CDCA8]), as well as a number of transcription factors that promote EC proliferation, while (VEC3 was enriched for genes that regulate intercellular junctions, participate in transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling, and promote the endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT). The remaining VEC2 did not appear to participate directly in the angiogenic response to MI, but trajectory analyses indicated that it may serve as a reservoir for the generation of VEC1 and VEC3 ECs in response to MI. Notably, only the VEC3 cluster was more populous in regenerating (i.e., ARP1MIP28) than non-regenerating (i.e., MIP28) hearts during the 1-week period after MI induction, which suggests that further investigation of the VEC3 cluster could identify new targets for improving myocardial recovery after MI. Histological analysis of KI67 and EndMT marker PDGFRA demonstrated that while the expression of proliferation of endothelial cells was not significantly different, expression of EndMT markers was significantly higher among endothelial cells of ARP1MIP28 hearts compared to MIP28 hearts, which were consistent with snRNAseq analysis of clusters VEC1 and VEC3. Furthermore, upregulated secrete genes by VEC3 may promote cardiomyocyte proliferation via the Pi3k-Akt and ERBB signaling pathways, which directly contribute to cardiac muscle regeneration. Conclusion: In regenerative heart, endothelial cells may express EndMT markers, and this process could contribute to regeneration via a endothelial-cardiomyocyte crosstalk that supports cardiomyocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Minh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Geng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yuhua Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Daniel J. Garry
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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11
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Maslen CL. Human Genetics of Atrioventricular Septal Defect. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:559-571. [PMID: 38884732 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD), also known as a common atrioventricular canal (CAVC), are clinically severe heart malformations that affect about 1 out of every 2100 live births. AVSD makes up about 5% of all congenital heart defects. AVSD is associated with cytogenetic disorders such as Down syndrome and numerous other rare genetic syndromes, but also occurs as a simplex trait. Studies in mouse models have identified over 100 genetic mutations that have the potential to cause an AVSD. However, studies in humans indicate that AVSD is genetically heterogeneous, and that the cause in humans is very rarely a single-gene defect. Familial cases do occur albeit rarely, usually with autosomal dominant inheritance and variable expression. In addition, the frequent occurrence of AVSD in some syndromes with known genetic causes such as heterotaxy syndrome points to additional genes/pathways that increase AVSD risk. Accordingly, while the genetic underpinnings for most AVSD remain unknown, there have been advances in identifying genetic risk factors for AVSD in both syndromic and nonsyndromic cases. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge of the genetic basis for AVSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Maslen
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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12
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Grunert M, Dorn C, Rickert-Sperling S. Cardiac Transcription Factors and Regulatory Networks. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:295-311. [PMID: 38884718 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac development is a fine-tuned process governed by complex transcriptional networks, in which transcription factors (TFs) interact with other regulatory layers. In this chapter, we introduce the core cardiac TFs including Gata, Hand, Nkx2, Mef2, Srf, and Tbx. These factors regulate each other's expression and can also act in a combinatorial manner on their downstream targets. Their disruption leads to various cardiac phenotypes in mice, and mutations in humans have been associated with congenital heart defects. In the second part of the chapter, we discuss different levels of regulation including cis-regulatory elements, chromatin structure, and microRNAs, which can interact with transcription factors, modulate their function, or are downstream targets. Finally, examples of disturbances of the cardiac regulatory network leading to congenital heart diseases in human are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Grunert
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Dorn
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Nguyen T, Wei Y, Nakada Y, Chen JY, Zhou Y, Walcott G, Zhang J. Analysis of cardiac single-cell RNA-sequencing data can be improved by the use of artificial-intelligence-based tools. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6821. [PMID: 37100826 PMCID: PMC10133286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) enables researchers to identify and characterize populations and subpopulations of different cell types in hearts recovering from myocardial infarction (MI) by characterizing the transcriptomes in thousands of individual cells. However, the effectiveness of the currently available tools for processing and interpreting these immense datasets is limited. We incorporated three Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques into a toolkit for evaluating scRNAseq data: AI Autoencoding separates data from different cell types and subpopulations of cell types (cluster analysis); AI Sparse Modeling identifies genes and signaling mechanisms that are differentially activated between subpopulations (pathway/gene set enrichment analysis), and AI Semisupervised Learning tracks the transformation of cells from one subpopulation into another (trajectory analysis). Autoencoding was often used in data denoising; yet, in our pipeline, Autoencoding was exclusively used for cell embedding and clustering. The performance of our AI scRNAseq toolkit and other highly cited non-AI tools was evaluated with three scRNAseq datasets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Autoencoder was the only tool to identify differences between the cardiomyocyte subpopulations found in mice that underwent MI or sham-MI surgery on postnatal day (P) 1. Statistically significant differences between cardiomyocytes from P1-MI mice and mice that underwent MI on P8 were identified for six cell-cycle phases and five signaling pathways when the data were analyzed via Sparse Modeling, compared to just one cell-cycle phase and one pathway when the data were analyzed with non-AI techniques. Only Semisupervised Learning detected trajectories between the predominant cardiomyocyte clusters in hearts collected on P28 from pigs that underwent apical resection (AR) on P1, and on P30 from pigs that underwent AR on P1 and MI on P28. In another dataset, the pig scRNAseq data were collected after the injection of CCND2-overexpression Human-induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CCND2hiPSC) into injured P28 pig heart; only the AI-based technique could demonstrate that the host cardiomyocytes increase proliferating by through the HIPPO/YAP and MAPK signaling pathways. For the cluster, pathway/gene set enrichment, and trajectory analysis of scRNAseq datasets generated from studies of myocardial regeneration in mice and pigs, our AI-based toolkit identified results that non-AI techniques did not discover. These different results were validated and were important in explaining myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Yuhua Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Yuji Nakada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Informatics Institute, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Gregory Walcott
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, Volker Hall G094J, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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14
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Bao B, Hu H, Chen L, Lu S, Tang Q, Liang Z. SNP and DNA methylation analyses of a monozygotic twins discordant for complete endocardial cushion defect: a case report. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:8271-8278. [PMID: 36505317 PMCID: PMC9730093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The exact cause of complete endocardial cushion defect (ECD) is still unknown. This report describes a unique pair of monozygotic twins (MZ twins) discordant for ECD. The chromosome karyotyping analysis revealed normal karyotype of 46, XY, 16qh+ and mat in both MZ twins. A genome-wide analysis of DNA using the Affymetrix SNP 6.0 revealed identical genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variations (CNVs). An extensive methylation assay was carried out by NimbleGen 3 × 720 K CpG Island Plus RefSeq Promoter Arrays to analyze the potential epigenetic differences. The DNA methylation profiles of the affected twin seemed increased compared with that of the unaffected twin. However, further validation of Notch1 promoter hypermethylation and six top-ranked differentially methylated CpG sites by sodium bisulfate modification and methylation-specific PCR, failed to reveal consistent methylation differences between the twins. Other relevant factors, such as heritability and penetrance of the condition that place the MZ twins near to a threshold for ECD or variations in local epigenetic events in the twins' heart tissues, are probably responsible for the phenotypic discordance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihui Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qingbaijiang Women’s and Children’s Hospital (Maternal and Child Health Hospital), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610300, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (Xinqiao Hospital), Army Medical UniversityChongqing 400037, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qingbaijiang Women’s and Children’s Hospital (Maternal and Child Health Hospital), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610300, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyong Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qingbaijiang Women’s and Children’s Hospital (Maternal and Child Health Hospital), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610300, Sichuan, China
| | - Qifeng Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Hechuan-Rhine TCM HospitalShanghai 201103, China
| | - Zhiqing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Army Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
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15
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Lorenzana-Carrillo MA, Gopal K, Byrne NJ, Tejay S, Saleme B, Das SK, Zhang Y, Haromy A, Eaton F, Mendiola Pla M, Bowles DE, Dyck JR, Ussher JR, Michelakis ED, Sutendra G. TRIM35-mediated degradation of nuclear PKM2 destabilizes GATA4/6 and induces P53 in cardiomyocytes to promote heart failure. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm3565. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a glycolytic enzyme that translocates to the nucleus to regulate transcription factors in different tissues or pathologic states. Although studied extensively in cancer, its biological role in the heart remains unresolved. PKM1 is more abundant than the PKM2 isoform in cardiomyocytes, and thus, we speculated that PKM2 is not genetically redundant to PKM1 and may be critical in regulating cardiomyocyte-specific transcription factors important for cardiac survival. Here, we showed that nuclear PKM2 (
S37
P-PKM2) in cardiomyocytes interacts with prosurvival and proapoptotic transcription factors, including GATA4, GATA6, and P53. Cardiomyocyte-specific PKM2-deficient mice (
Pkm2
Mut Cre
+
) developed age-dependent dilated cardiac dysfunction and had decreased amounts of GATA4 and GATA6 (GATA4/6) but increased amounts of P53 compared to Control Cre
+
hearts. Nuclear PKM2 prevented caspase-1–dependent cleavage and degradation of GATA4/6 while also providing a molecular platform for MDM2-mediated reduction of P53. In a preclinical heart failure mouse model, nuclear PKM2 and GATA4/6 were decreased, whereas P53 was increased in cardiomyocytes. Loss of nuclear PKM2 was ubiquitination dependent and associated with the induction of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM35. In mice, cardiomyocyte-specific TRIM35 overexpression resulted in decreased
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P-PKM2 and GATA4/6 along with increased P53 in cardiomyocytes compared to littermate controls and similar cardiac dysfunction to
Pkm2
Mut Cre
+
mice. In patients with dilated left ventricles, increase in TRIM35 was associated with decreased
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P-PKM2 and GATA4/6 and increased P53. This study supports a previously unrecognized role for PKM2 as a molecular platform that mediates cell signaling events essential for cardiac survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Areli Lorenzana-Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Keshav Gopal
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Nikole J. Byrne
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Saymon Tejay
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Bruno Saleme
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Subhash K. Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Yongneng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Alois Haromy
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Farah Eaton
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | | | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jason R. B. Dyck
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - John R. Ussher
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Evangelos D. Michelakis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Gopinath Sutendra
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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16
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Single-cell transcriptomic profiling unveils dysregulation of cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes in a mouse model of maternal hyperglycemia. Commun Biol 2022; 5:820. [PMID: 35970860 PMCID: PMC9378651 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent birth defect, often linked to genetic variations, environmental exposures, or combination of both. Epidemiological studies reveal that maternal pregestational diabetes is associated with ~5-fold higher risk of CHD in the offspring; however, the causal mechanisms affecting cardiac gene-regulatory-network (GRN) during early embryonic development remain poorly understood. In this study, we utilize an established murine model of pregestational diabetes to uncover the transcriptional responses in key cell-types of the developing heart exposed to maternal hyperglycemia (matHG). Here we show that matHG elicits diverse cellular responses in E9.5 and E11.5 embryonic hearts compared to non-diabetic hearts by single-cell RNA-sequencing. Through differential-gene-expression and cellular trajectory analyses, we identify perturbations in genes, predominantly affecting Isl1+ second heart field progenitors and Tnnt2+ cardiomyocytes with matHG. Using cell-fate mapping analysis in Isl1-lineage descendants, we demonstrate that matHG impairs cardiomyocyte differentiation and alters the expression of lineage-specifying cardiac genes. Finally, our work reveals matHG-mediated transcriptional changes in second heart field lineage that elevate CHD risk by perturbing Isl1-GRN during cardiomyocyte differentiation. Gene-environment interaction studies targeting the Isl1-GRN in cardiac progenitor cells will have a broader impact on understanding the mechanisms of matHG-induced risk of CHD associated with diabetic pregnancies. ScRNA-seq of embryonic heart tissues from a mouse model of maternal hyperglycemia (matHG) provides further insight into how matHG disrupts heart development and perturbs second heart field derived cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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17
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Nguyen T, Wei Y, Nakada Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J. Cardiomyocyte Cell-Cycle Regulation in Neonatal Large Mammals: Single Nucleus RNA-Sequencing Data Analysis via an Artificial-Intelligence–Based Pipeline. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:914450. [PMID: 35860330 PMCID: PMC9289371 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.914450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes have very limited capacity to proliferate and repair the myocardial infarction. However, when apical resection (AR) was performed in pig hearts on postnatal day (P) 1 (ARP1) and acute myocardial infarction (MI) was induced on P28 (MIP28), the animals recovered with no evidence of myocardial scarring or decline in contractile performance. Furthermore, the repair process appeared to be driven by cardiomyocyte proliferation, but the regulatory molecules that govern the ARP1-induced enhancement of myocardial recovery remain unclear. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) data collected from fetal pig hearts and the hearts of pigs that underwent ARP1, MIP28, both ARP1 and MI, or neither myocardial injury were evaluated via autoencoder, cluster analysis, sparse learning, and semisupervised learning. Ten clusters of cardiomyocytes (CM1–CM10) were identified across all experimental groups and time points. CM1 was only observed in ARP1 hearts on P28 and was enriched for the expression of T-box transcription factors 5 and 20 (TBX5 and TBX20, respectively), Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ERBB4), and G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 5 (GRK5), as well as genes associated with the proliferation and growth of cardiac muscle. CM1 cardiomyocytes also highly expressed genes for glycolysis while lowly expressed genes for adrenergic signaling, which suggested that CM1 were immature cardiomyocytes. Thus, we have identified a cluster of cardiomyocytes, CM1, in neonatal pig hearts that appeared to be generated in response to AR injury on P1 and may have been primed for activation of CM cell-cycle activation and proliferation by the upregulation of TBX5, TBX20, ERBB4, and GRK5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yuhua Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yuji Nakada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jianyi Zhang,
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18
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Afouda BA. Towards Understanding the Gene-Specific Roles of GATA Factors in Heart Development: Does GATA4 Lead the Way? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5255. [PMID: 35563646 PMCID: PMC9099915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors play crucial roles in the regulation of heart induction, formation, growth and morphogenesis. Zinc finger GATA transcription factors are among the critical regulators of these processes. GATA4, 5 and 6 genes are expressed in a partially overlapping manner in developing hearts, and GATA4 and 6 continue their expression in adult cardiac myocytes. Using different experimental models, GATA4, 5 and 6 were shown to work together not only to ensure specification of cardiac cells but also during subsequent heart development. The complex involvement of these related gene family members in those processes is demonstrated through the redundancy among them and crossregulation of each other. Our recent identification at the genome-wide level of genes specifically regulated by each of the three family members and our earlier discovery that gata4 and gata6 function upstream, while gata5 functions downstream of noncanonical Wnt signalling during cardiac differentiation, clearly demonstrate the functional differences among the cardiogenic GATA factors. Such suspected functional differences are worth exploring more widely. It appears that in the past few years, significant advances have indeed been made in providing a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which each of these molecules function during heart development. In this review, I will therefore discuss current evidence of the role of individual cardiogenic GATA factors in the process of heart development and emphasize the emerging central role of GATA4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boni A Afouda
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill Health Campus, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
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19
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Zhang X, Liu L, Chen W, Wang F, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Lai Y, Zhang R, Qiao Y, Yuan Y, Lin Y, Xu W, Cao J, Gui Y, Zhao J. Gestational Leucylation Suppresses Embryonic T-Box Transcription Factor 5 Signal and Causes Congenital Heart Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201034. [PMID: 35320615 PMCID: PMC9130917 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated maternal nutrition, such as vitamin deficiencies and excessive levels of glucose and fatty acids, increases the risk for congenital heart disease (CHD) in the offspring. However, the association between maternal amino-acid levels and CHD is unclear. Here, it is shown that increased leucine levels in maternal plasma during the first trimester are associated with elevated CHD risk in the offspring. High levels of maternal leucine increase embryonic lysine-leucylation (K-Leu), which is catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LARS). LARS preferentially binds to and catalyzes K-Leu modification of lysine 339 within T-box transcription factor TBX5, whereas SIRT3 removes K-Leu from TBX5. Reversible leucylation retains TBX5 in the cytoplasm and inhibits its transcriptional activity. Increasing embryonic K-Leu levels in high-leucine-diet fed or Sirt3 knockout mice causes CHD in the offspring. Targeting K-Leu using the leucine analogue leucinol can inhibit LARS activity, reverse TBX5 K-Leu modification, and decrease the occurrence of CHD in high-leucine-diet fed mice. This study reveals that increased maternal leucine levels increases CHD risk in the offspring through inhibition of embryonic TBX5 signaling, indicating that leucylation exerts teratogenic effects during heart development and may be an intervening target of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Lian Liu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Cheng Chen
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Rong Cheng
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Meng Liu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Yang‐Fan Lai
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Rui‐Jia Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Nan Qiao
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Yuan Yuan
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Yong‐Hao Gui
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Yuan Zhao
- Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityObstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineeringand School of Life SciencesShanghai200438P. R. China
- School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
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20
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Robbe ZL, Shi W, Wasson LK, Scialdone AP, Wilczewski CM, Sheng X, Hepperla AJ, Akerberg BN, Pu WT, Cristea IM, Davis IJ, Conlon FL. CHD4 is recruited by GATA4 and NKX2-5 to repress noncardiac gene programs in the developing heart. Genes Dev 2022; 36:468-482. [PMID: 35450884 PMCID: PMC9067406 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349154.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex is one of the central chromatin remodeling complexes that mediates gene repression. NuRD is essential for numerous developmental events, including heart development. Clinical and genetic studies have provided direct evidence for the role of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4), the catalytic component of NuRD, in congenital heart disease (CHD), including atrial and ventricular septal defects. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that CHD4 is essential for mammalian cardiomyocyte formation and function. A key unresolved question is how CHD4/NuRD is localized to specific cardiac target genes, as neither CHD4 nor NuRD can directly bind DNA. Here, we coupled a bioinformatics-based approach with mass spectrometry analyses to demonstrate that CHD4 interacts with the core cardiac transcription factors GATA4, NKX2-5, and TBX5 during embryonic heart development. Using transcriptomics and genome-wide occupancy data, we characterized the genomic landscape of GATA4, NKX2-5, and TBX5 repression and defined the direct cardiac gene targets of the GATA4-CHD4, NKX2-5-CHD4, and TBX5-CHD4 complexes. These data were used to identify putative cis-regulatory elements controlled by these complexes. We genetically interrogated two of these silencers in vivo: Acta1 and Myh11 We show that deletion of these silencers leads to inappropriate skeletal and smooth muscle gene misexpression, respectively, in the embryonic heart. These results delineate how CHD4/NuRD is localized to specific cardiac loci and explicates how mutations in the broadly expressed CHD4 protein lead to cardiac-specific disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L Robbe
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lauren K Wasson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Angel P Scialdone
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Caralynn M Wilczewski
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Xinlei Sheng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Austin J Hepperla
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Brynn N Akerberg
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Ian J Davis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Frank L Conlon
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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21
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Gonzalez-Teran B, Pittman M, Felix F, Thomas R, Richmond-Buccola D, Hüttenhain R, Choudhary K, Moroni E, Costa MW, Huang Y, Padmanabhan A, Alexanian M, Lee CY, Maven BEJ, Samse-Knapp K, Morton SU, McGregor M, Gifford CA, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Gelb BD, Colombo G, Conklin BR, Black BL, Bruneau BG, Krogan NJ, Pollard KS, Srivastava D. Transcription factor protein interactomes reveal genetic determinants in heart disease. Cell 2022; 185:794-814.e30. [PMID: 35182466 PMCID: PMC8923057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is present in 1% of live births, yet identification of causal mutations remains challenging. We hypothesized that genetic determinants for CHDs may lie in the protein interactomes of transcription factors whose mutations cause CHDs. Defining the interactomes of two transcription factors haplo-insufficient in CHD, GATA4 and TBX5, within human cardiac progenitors, and integrating the results with nearly 9,000 exomes from proband-parent trios revealed an enrichment of de novo missense variants associated with CHD within the interactomes. Scoring variants of interactome members based on residue, gene, and proband features identified likely CHD-causing genes, including the epigenetic reader GLYR1. GLYR1 and GATA4 widely co-occupied and co-activated cardiac developmental genes, and the identified GLYR1 missense variant disrupted interaction with GATA4, impairing in vitro and in vivo function in mice. This integrative proteomic and genetic approach provides a framework for prioritizing and interrogating genetic variants in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gonzalez-Teran
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maureen Pittman
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute for Computational Health Sciences, and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Franco Felix
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Desmond Richmond-Buccola
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ruth Hüttenhain
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mauro W Costa
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arun Padmanabhan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Alexanian
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clara Youngna Lee
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bonnie E J Maven
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlen Samse-Knapp
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah U Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael McGregor
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Casey A Gifford
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Bruce R Conklin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute for Computational Health Sciences, and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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22
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Zhang W, Wang J, Song J, Feng Y, Zhang S, Wang N, Liu S, Song Z, Lian K, Kang W. Effects of low-concentration glyphosate and aminomethyl phosphonic acid on zebrafish embryo development. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112854. [PMID: 34619474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is the most widely used broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicide in the world, whose main degradation product is aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA). Because of long-term and large-scale use, residual GLY and AMPA in the environment pose great environmental and human health threats. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects and mechanism of residual low-concentrations of GLY and AMPA in the environment on the development of zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0, 1, 10, 100, and 700 ng·mL-1 GLY and AMPA for 72 h (from 2 to 74 h post-fertilization). With increasing exposure dose, heart rates of both embryos and larvae showed a rising trend and obvious arrhythmia appeared. Defects in cardiac development and function of zebrafish juveniles may be related to altered transcription levels of cardiac development genes (TBX5, NKX2.5, BMP4) and apoptosis genes (Bcl-2, Bax). In addition, pericardial edema and bone deformation of zebrafish embryos may be caused by inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase after exposure to GLY and AMPA. The present results demonstrated that at typical environmental residual concentrations of GLY and AMPA had similar developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, China; School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Jiachao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Jianshi Song
- The School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Yanru Feng
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory animal, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Zhixue Song
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory animal, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Kaoqi Lian
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China; Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Weijun Kang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China.
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23
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Abbasi S, Mohsen-Pour N, Naderi N, Rahimi S, Maleki M, Kalayinia S. In silico analysis of GATA4 variants demonstrates main contribution to congenital heart disease. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2021; 13:336-354. [PMID: 35047139 PMCID: PMC8749364 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2021.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital abnormality and the main cause of infant mortality worldwide. Some of the mutations that occur in the GATA4 gene region may result in different types of CHD. Here, we report our in silico analysis of gene variants to determine the effects of the GATA4 gene on the development of CHD.
Methods: Online 1000 Genomes Project, ExAC, gnomAD, GO-ESP, TOPMed, Iranome, GME, ClinVar, and HGMD databases were drawn upon to collect information on all the reported GATA4 variations.The functional importance of the genetic variants was assessed by using SIFT, MutationTaster, CADD,PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, and GERP prediction tools. Thereafter, network analysis of the GATA4protein via STRING, normal/mutant protein structure prediction via HOPE and I-TASSER, and phylogenetic assessment of the GATA4 sequence alignment via ClustalW were performed.
Results: The most frequent variant was c.874T>C (45.58%), which was reported in Germany.Ventricular septal defect was the most frequent type of CHD. Out of all the reported variants of GATA4,38 variants were pathogenic. A high level of pathogenicity was shown for p.Gly221Arg (CADD score=31), which was further analyzed.
Conclusion: The GATA4 gene plays a significant role in CHD; we, therefore, suggest that it be accorded priority in CHD genetic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Abbasi
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Mohsen-Pour
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Niloofar Naderi
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Rahimi
- Department of Cardiology, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Kalayinia
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Xu H, Xiang M, Qin Y, Cheng H, Chen D, Fu Q, Zhang KK, Xie L. Tbx5 inhibits hedgehog signaling in determination of digit identity. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1405-1416. [PMID: 31373354 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dominant TBX5 mutation causes Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS), which is characterized by limb defects in humans, but the underlying mechanistic basis is unclear. We used a mouse model with Tbx5 conditional knockdown in Hh-receiving cells (marked by Gli1+) during E8 to E10.5, a previously established model to study atrial septum defects, which displayed polydactyly or hypodactyly. The results suggested that Tbx5 is required for digit identity in a subset of limb mesenchymal cells. Specifically, Tbx5 deletion in this cell population decreased cell apoptosis and increased the proliferation of handplate mesenchymal cells. Furthermore, Tbx5 was found to negatively regulate the Hh-signaling activity through transcriptional regulation of Ptch1, a known Hh-signaling repressor. Repression of Hh-signaling through Smo co-mutation in Tbx5 heterozygotes rescued the limb defects, thus placing Tbx5 upstream of Hh-signaling in limb defects. This work reveals an important missing component necessary for understanding not only limb development but also the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying HOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.,Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Menglan Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Yushu Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Henghui Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.,Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Duohua Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.,Department of Food Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.,Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ke K Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.,Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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25
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Kim YJ, Tamadon A, Kim YY, Kang BC, Ku SY. Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Differentiation from Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8599. [PMID: 34445302 PMCID: PMC8395249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the intent to achieve the best modalities for myocardial cell therapy, different cell types are being evaluated as potent sources for differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have great potential for future progress in the treatment of myocardial diseases. We reviewed aspects of epigenetic mechanisms that play a role in the differentiation of these cells into cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes proliferate during fetal life, and after birth, they undergo permanent terminal differentiation. Upregulation of cardiac-specific genes in adults induces hypertrophy due to terminal differentiation. The repression or expression of these genes is controlled by chromatin structural and epigenetic changes. However, few studies have reviewed and analyzed the epigenetic aspects of the differentiation of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells into cardiac lineage cells. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of epigenetic regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation and differentiation from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells through histone modification and microRNAs, the maintenance of pluripotency, and its alteration during cardiac lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea;
| | - Amin Tamadon
- Department of Marine Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 14174, Iran;
| | - Yoon-Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
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26
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DeLaForest A, Kohlnhofer BM, Franklin OD, Stavniichuk R, Thompson CA, Pulakanti K, Rao S, Battle MA. GATA4 Controls Epithelial Morphogenesis in the Developing Stomach to Promote Establishment of Glandular Columnar Epithelium. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1391-1413. [PMID: 34111600 PMCID: PMC8479485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The transcription factor GATA4 is broadly expressed in nascent foregut endoderm. As development progresses, GATA4 is lost in the domain giving rise to the stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus and forestomach (FS), while it is maintained in the domain giving rise to the simple columnar epithelium of the hindstomach (HS). Differential GATA4 expression within these domains coincides with the onset of distinct tissue morphogenetic events, suggesting a role for GATA4 in diversifying foregut endoderm into discrete esophageal/FS and HS epithelial tissues. The goal of this study was to determine how GATA4 regulates differential morphogenesis of the mouse gastric epithelium. METHODS We used a Gata4 conditional knockout mouse line to eliminate GATA4 in the developing HS and a Gata4 conditional knock-in mouse line to express GATA4 in the developing FS. RESULTS We found that GATA4-deficient HS epithelium adopted a FS-like fate, and conversely, that GATA4-expressing FS epithelium adopted a HS-like fate. Underlying structural changes in these epithelia were broad changes in gene expression networks attributable to GATA4 directly activating or repressing expression of HS or FS defining transcripts. Our study implicates GATA4 as having a primary role in suppressing an esophageal/FS transcription factor network during HS development to promote columnar epithelium. Moreover, GATA4-dependent phenotypes in developmental mutants reflected changes in gene expression associated with Barrett's esophagus. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that GATA4 is necessary and sufficient to activate the development of simple columnar epithelium, rather than stratified squamous epithelium, in the embryonic stomach. Moreover, similarities between mutants and Barrett's esophagus suggest that developmental biology can provide insight into human disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann DeLaForest
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Bridget M Kohlnhofer
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Olivia D Franklin
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Roman Stavniichuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Cayla A Thompson
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kirthi Pulakanti
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sridhar Rao
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michele A Battle
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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27
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Dai W, Kesaraju S, Weber CR. Transcriptional factors in calcium mishandling and atrial fibrillation development. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1177-1197. [PMID: 34003377 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Healthy cardiac conduction relies on the coordinated electrical activity of distinct populations of cardiomyocytes. Disruption of cell-cell conduction results in cardiac arrhythmias, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent genetic studies have highlighted a major heritable component and identified numerous loci associated with risk of atrial fibrillation, including transcription factor genes, particularly those important in cardiac development, microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs. Identification of such genetic factors has prompted the search to understand the mechanisms that underlie the genetic component of AF. Recent studies have found several mechanisms by which genetic alterations can result in AF formation via disruption of calcium handling. Loss of developmental transcription factors in adult cardiomyocytes can result in disruption of SR calcium ATPase, sodium calcium exchanger, calcium channels, among other ion channels, which underlie action potential abnormalities and triggered activity that can contribute to AF. This review aims to summarize the complex network of transcription factors and their roles in calcium handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Dai
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sneha Kesaraju
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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28
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Ye L, Yu Y, Zhao ZA, Zhao D, Ni X, Wang Y, Fang X, Yu M, Wang Y, Tang JM, Chen Y, Shen Z, Lei W, Hu S. Patient-specific iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes reveal abnormal regulation of FGF16 in a familial atrial septal defect. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:859-871. [PMID: 33956078 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Congenital heart disease (CHD) frequently occurs in newborns due to abnormal formation of the heart or major blood vessels. Mutations in the GATA4 gene, which encodes GATA binding protein 4, are responsible for atrial septal defect (ASD), a common CHD. This study aims to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of CHD using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a family cohort with ASD. METHODS AND RESULTS Patient-specific iPSCs possess the same genetic information as the donor and can differentiate into various cell types from all three germ layers in vitro, thus presenting a promising approach for disease modeling and molecular mechanism research. Here, we generated a patient-specific iPSC line (iPSC-G4T280M) from a family cohort carrying a hereditary ASD mutation in GATA4 gene (T280M), as well as a human embryonic stem cell line (ESC-G4T280M) carrying the isogenic T280M mutation using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method. The GATA4-mutant iPSCs and ESCs were then differentiated into cardiomyocytes (CMs) to model GATA4 mutation-associated ASD. We observed an obvious defect in cell proliferation in cardiomyocytes derived from both GATA4T280M-mutant iPSCs (iPSC-G4T280M-CMs) and ESCs (ESC-G4T280M-CMs), while the impaired proliferation ability of iPSC-G4T280M-CMs could be restored by gene correction. Integrated analysis of RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq data indicated that FGF16 is a direct target of wild-type GATA4. However, the T280M mutation obstructed GATA4 occupancy at the FGF16 promoter region, leading to impaired activation of FGF16 transcription. Overexpression of FGF16 in GATA4-mutant cardiomyocytes rescued the cell proliferation defect. The direct relationship between GATA4T280M and ASD was demonstrated in a human iPSC model for the first time. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study revealed the molecular mechanism of the GATA4T280M mutation in ASD. Understanding the roles of the GATA4-FGF16 axis in iPSC-CMs will shed light on heart development and provide novel insights for the treatment of ASD and other CHD disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqun Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - You Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Zhen-Ao Zhao
- Institute of Microcirculation & Department of Pathophysiology of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xuan Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xing Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yongming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200432, China
| | - Jun-Ming Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Central Lab, the Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
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29
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Kathiriya IS, Rao KS, Iacono G, Devine WP, Blair AP, Hota SK, Lai MH, Garay BI, Thomas R, Gong HZ, Wasson LK, Goyal P, Sukonnik T, Hu KM, Akgun GA, Bernard LD, Akerberg BN, Gu F, Li K, Speir ML, Haeussler M, Pu WT, Stuart JM, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Heyn H, Bruneau BG. Modeling Human TBX5 Haploinsufficiency Predicts Regulatory Networks for Congenital Heart Disease. Dev Cell 2021; 56:292-309.e9. [PMID: 33321106 PMCID: PMC7878434 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of transcriptional regulators causes human congenital heart disease (CHD); however, the underlying CHD gene regulatory network (GRN) imbalances are unknown. Here, we define transcriptional consequences of reduced dosage of the CHD transcription factor, TBX5, in individual cells during cardiomyocyte differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We discovered highly sensitive dysregulation of TBX5-dependent pathways-including lineage decisions and genes associated with heart development, cardiomyocyte function, and CHD genetics-in discrete subpopulations of cardiomyocytes. Spatial transcriptomic mapping revealed chamber-restricted expression for many TBX5-sensitive transcripts. GRN analysis indicated that cardiac network stability, including vulnerable CHD-linked nodes, is sensitive to TBX5 dosage. A GRN-predicted genetic interaction between Tbx5 and Mef2c, manifesting as ventricular septation defects, was validated in mice. These results demonstrate exquisite and diverse sensitivity to TBX5 dosage in heterogeneous subsets of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and predicts candidate GRNs for human CHDs, with implications for quantitative transcriptional regulation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan S Kathiriya
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Kavitha S Rao
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Giovanni Iacono
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - W Patrick Devine
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andrew P Blair
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Swetansu K Hota
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael H Lai
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bayardo I Garay
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Henry Z Gong
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Lauren K Wasson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Piyush Goyal
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tatyana Sukonnik
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kevin M Hu
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gunes A Akgun
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Laure D Bernard
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brynn N Akerberg
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fei Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew L Speir
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | | | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua M Stuart
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Holger Heyn
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Cardiac development is a complex developmental process that is initiated soon after gastrulation, as two sets of precardiac mesodermal precursors are symmetrically located and subsequently fused at the embryonic midline forming the cardiac straight tube. Thereafter, the cardiac straight tube invariably bends to the right, configuring the first sign of morphological left–right asymmetry and soon thereafter the atrial and ventricular chambers are formed, expanded and progressively septated. As a consequence of all these morphogenetic processes, the fetal heart acquired a four-chambered structure having distinct inlet and outlet connections and a specialized conduction system capable of directing the electrical impulse within the fully formed heart. Over the last decades, our understanding of the morphogenetic, cellular, and molecular pathways involved in cardiac development has exponentially grown. Multiples aspects of the initial discoveries during heart formation has served as guiding tools to understand the etiology of cardiac congenital anomalies and adult cardiac pathology, as well as to enlighten novels approaches to heal the damaged heart. In this review we provide an overview of the complex cellular and molecular pathways driving heart morphogenesis and how those discoveries have provided new roads into the genetic, clinical and therapeutic management of the diseased hearts.
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31
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Zhou W, Liu H, Qiu LZ, Yue LX, Zhang GJ, Deng HF, Ni YH, Gao Y. Cardiac efficacy and toxicity of aconitine: A new frontier for the ancient poison. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1798-1811. [PMID: 33512023 DOI: 10.1002/med.21777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aconitine (AC) is well-known as the main toxic ingredient and active compound of Aconitum species, of which several aconites are essential herbal medicines of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and widely applied to treat diverse diseases for their excellent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and cardiotonic effects. However, the cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of AC attracted a lot of attention and made it a favorite botanic poison in history. Nowadays, the narrow therapeutic window of AC limits the clinical application of AC-containing herbal medicines; overdosing on AC always induces ventricular tachyarrhythmia and heart arrest, both of which are potentially lethal. But the underlying cardiotoxic mechanisms remained chaos. Recently, beyond its cardiotoxic effects, emerging evidence shows that low doses of AC or its metabolites could generate cardioprotective effects and are necessary to aconite's clinical efficacy. Consistent with TCM's theory that even toxic substances are powerful medicines, AC thus could not be simply identified as a toxicant or a drug. To prevent cardiotoxicity while digging the unique value of AC in cardiac pharmacology, there exists a huge urge to better know the characteristic of AC being a cardiotoxic agent or a potential heart drug. Here, this article reviews the advances of AC metabolism and focuses on the latest mechanistic findings of cardiac efficacy and toxicity of this aconite alkaloid or its metabolites. We also discuss how to prevent AC-related cardiotoxicity, as well as the issues before the development of AC-based medicines that should be solved, to provide new insight into the paradoxical nature of this ancient poison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhen Qiu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan-Xin Yue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Fang Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hao Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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32
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Anterior lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to multiple tissues and requires tbx5a function in left-right asymmetry, migration dynamics, and cell specification of late-addition cardiac cells. Dev Biol 2021; 472:52-66. [PMID: 33482174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we elucidate a single cell resolution fate map in the zebrafish in a sub-section of the anterior Lateral Plate Mesoderm (aLPM) at 18 hpf. Our results show that this tissue is not organized into segregated regions but gives rise to intermingled pericardial sac, peritoneum, pharyngeal arch and cardiac precursors. We further report upon asymmetrical contributions of lateral aLPM-derived heart precursors-specifically that twice as many heart precursors arise from the right side versus the left side of the embryo. Cell tracking analyses and large-scale cell labeling of the lateral aLPM corroborate these differences and show that the observed asymmetries are dependent upon Tbx5a expression. Previously, it was shown that cardiac looping was affected in Tbx5a knock-down and knock-out zebrafish (Garrity et al., 2002; Parrie et al., 2013); our present data also implicate tbx5a function in cell specification, establishment and maintenance of cardiac left-right asymmetry.
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33
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Sharma A, Wasson LK, Willcox JA, Morton SU, Gorham JM, DeLaughter DM, Neyazi M, Schmid M, Agarwal R, Jang MY, Toepfer CN, Ward T, Kim Y, Pereira AC, DePalma SR, Tai A, Kim S, Conner D, Bernstein D, Gelb BD, Chung WK, Goldmuntz E, Porter G, Tristani-Firouzi M, Srivastava D, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. GATA6 mutations in hiPSCs inform mechanisms for maldevelopment of the heart, pancreas, and diaphragm. eLife 2020; 9:53278. [PMID: 33054971 PMCID: PMC7593088 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Damaging GATA6 variants cause cardiac outflow tract defects, sometimes with pancreatic and diaphragmic malformations. To define molecular mechanisms for these diverse developmental defects, we studied transcriptional and epigenetic responses to GATA6 loss of function (LoF) and missense variants during cardiomyocyte differentiation of isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells. We show that GATA6 is a pioneer factor in cardiac development, regulating SMYD1 that activates HAND2, and KDR that with HAND2 orchestrates outflow tract formation. LoF variants perturbed cardiac genes and also endoderm lineage genes that direct PDX1 expression and pancreatic development. Remarkably, an exon 4 GATA6 missense variant, highly associated with extra-cardiac malformations, caused ectopic pioneer activities, profoundly diminishing GATA4, FOXA1/2, and PDX1 expression and increasing normal retinoic acid signaling that promotes diaphragm development. These aberrant epigenetic and transcriptional signatures illuminate the molecular mechanisms for cardiovascular malformations, pancreas and diaphragm dysgenesis that arise in patients with distinct GATA6 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Lauren K Wasson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jon Al Willcox
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Sarah U Morton
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Joshua M Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | | | - Meraj Neyazi
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuel Schmid
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Radhika Agarwal
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Min Young Jang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Christopher N Toepfer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tarsha Ward
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, Medical School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven R DePalma
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Angela Tai
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Seongwon Kim
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - David Conner
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - George Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, United States
| | - Martin Tristani-Firouzi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | | | | | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
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Akerberg BN, Pu WT. Genetic and Epigenetic Control of Heart Development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a036756. [PMID: 31818853 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A transcriptional program implemented by transcription factors and epigenetic regulators governs cardiac development and disease. Mutations in these factors are important causes of congenital heart disease. Here, we review selected recent advances in our understanding of the transcriptional and epigenetic control of heart development, including determinants of cardiac transcription factor chromatin occupancy, the gene regulatory network that regulates atrial septation, the chromatin landscape and cardiac gene regulation, and the role of Brg/Brahma-associated factor (BAF), nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NuRD), and Polycomb epigenetic regulatory complexes in heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynn N Akerberg
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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35
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Laforest B, Dai W, Tyan L, Lazarevic S, Shen KM, Gadek M, Broman MT, Weber CR, Moskowitz IP. Atrial fibrillation risk loci interact to modulate Ca2+-dependent atrial rhythm homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4937-4950. [PMID: 31609246 DOI: 10.1172/jci124231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), defined by disorganized atrial cardiac rhythm, is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia worldwide. Recent genetic studies have highlighted a major heritable component and identified numerous loci associated with AF risk, including the cardiogenic transcription factor genes TBX5, GATA4, and NKX2-5. We report that Tbx5 and Gata4 interact with opposite signs for atrial rhythm controls compared with cardiac development. Using mouse genetics, we found that AF pathophysiology caused by Tbx5 haploinsufficiency, including atrial arrhythmia susceptibility, prolonged action potential duration, and ectopic cardiomyocyte depolarizations, were all rescued by Gata4 haploinsufficiency. In contrast, Nkx2-5 haploinsufficiency showed no combinatorial effect. The molecular basis of the TBX5/GATA4 interaction included normalization of intra-cardiomyocyte calcium flux and expression of calcium channel genes Atp2a2 and Ryr2. Furthermore, GATA4 and TBX5 showed antagonistic interactions on an Ryr2 enhancer. Atrial rhythm instability caused by Tbx5 haploinsufficiency was rescued by a decreased dose of phospholamban, a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor, consistent with a role for decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium flux in Tbx5-dependent AF susceptibility. This work defines a link between Tbx5 dose, sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium flux, and AF propensity. The unexpected interactions between Tbx5 and Gata4 in atrial rhythm control suggest that evaluating specific interactions between genetic risk loci will be necessary for ascertaining personalized risk from genetic association data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonid Tyan
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael T Broman
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics.,Department of Pathology, and
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36
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Ma J, Chen S, Hao L, Sheng W, Chen W, Ma X, Zhang B, Ma D, Huang G. Hypermethylation-mediated down-regulation of lncRNA TBX5-AS1:2 in Tetralogy of Fallot inhibits cell proliferation by reducing TBX5 expression. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6472-6484. [PMID: 32368852 PMCID: PMC7294119 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common complex congenital heart disease (CHD) with uncertain cause. Although long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in heart development and several CHDs, their role in TOF is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate how dysregulated lncRNAs contribute to TOF. Using Gene Expression Omnibus data mining, bioinformatics analysis and clinical heart tissue sample detecting, we identified a novel antisense lncRNA TBX5‐AS1:2 with unknown function that was significantly down‐regulated in injured cardiac tissues from TOF patients. LncRNA TBX5‐AS1:2 was mainly located in the nucleus of the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293T) cells and formed an RNA‐RNA double‐stranded structure in the overlapping region with its sense mRNA T‐box transcription factor 5 (TBX5), which is an important regulator in heart development. Knock‐down of lncRNA TBX5‐AS1:2 via promoter hypermethylation reduced TBX5 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels by affecting its mRNA stability through RNA‐RNA interaction. Moreover, lncRNA TBX5‐AS1:2 knock‐down inhibited the proliferation of HEK293T cells. In conclusion, these results indicated that lncRNA TBX5‐AS1:2 may be involved in TOF by affecting cell proliferation by targeting TBX5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ENT Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Birth Defects, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Birth Defects, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Birth Defects, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - WeiCheng Chen
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Birth Defects, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Birth Defects, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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37
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Chan HC, Lau YT, Ding Q, Li CK, Wong CM, Shaw PC, Waye MMY, Tsang SY. PinX1t, a Novel PinX1 Transcript Variant, Positively Regulates Cardiogenesis of Embryonic Stem Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e010240. [PMID: 32157956 PMCID: PMC7335523 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Pin2/TRF1‐interacting protein, PinX1, was previously identified as a tumor suppressor. Here, we discovered a novel transcript variant of mPinX1 (mouse PinX1), mPinX1t (mouse PinX1t), in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The aims of this investigation were (1) to detect the presence of mPinX1 and mPinX1t in ESCs and their differentiation derivatives; (2) to investigate the role of mPinX1 and mPinX1t on regulating the characteristics of undifferentiated ESCs and the cardiac differentiation of ESCs; (3) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of how mPinX1 and mPinX1t regulate the cardiac differentiation of ESCs. Methods and Results By 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends, 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends, and polysome fractionation followed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, mPinX1t transcript was confirmed to be an intact mRNA that is actively translated. Western blot confirmed the existence of mPinX1t protein. Overexpression or knockdown of mPinX1 (both decreased mPinX1t expression) both decreased while overexpression of mPinX1t increased the cardiac differentiation of ESCs. Although both mPinX1 and mPinX1t proteins were found to bind to cardiac transcription factor mRNAs, only mPinX1t protein but not mPinX1 protein was found to bind to nucleoporin 133 protein, a nuclear pore complex component. In addition, mPinX1t‐containing cells were found to have a higher cytosol‐to‐nucleus ratio of cardiac transcription factor mRNAs when compared with that in the control cells. Our data suggested that mPinX1t may positively regulate cardiac differentiation by enhancing export of cardiac transcription factor mRNAs through interacting with nucleoporin 133. Conclusions We discovered a novel transcript variant of mPinX1, the mPinX1t, which positively regulates the cardiac differentiation of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hing Chung Chan
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yuen Ting Lau
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - Qianqian Ding
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chun Kit Li
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chi Ming Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR
| | - Pang Chui Shaw
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - Mary Miu Yee Waye
- The Nethersole School of Nursing The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR.,The Croucher Laboratory for Human Genomics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - Suk Ying Tsang
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of Education The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR.,Centre for Novel Biomaterials The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
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38
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Congenital heart diseases: genetics, non-inherited risk factors, and signaling pathways. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-0050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common congenital anomalies with an estimated prevalence of 8 in 1000 live births. CHDs occur as a result of abnormal embryogenesis of the heart. Congenital heart diseases are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The damage of the heart is irreversible due to a lack of regeneration potential, and usually, the patients may require surgical intervention. Studying the developmental biology of the heart is essential not only in understanding the mechanisms and pathogenesis of congenital heart diseases but also in providing us with insight towards developing new preventive and treatment methods.
Main body
The etiology of congenital heart diseases is still elusive. Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of the diseases. Recently, cardiac transcription factors, cardiac-specific genes, and signaling pathways, which are responsible for early cardiac morphogenesis have been extensively studied in both human and animal experiments but leave much to be desired. The discovery of novel genetic methods such as next generation sequencing and chromosomal microarrays have led to further study the genes, non-coding RNAs and subtle chromosomal changes, elucidating their implications to the etiology of congenital heart diseases. Studies have also implicated non-hereditary risk factors such as rubella infection, teratogens, maternal age, diabetes mellitus, and abnormal hemodynamics in causing CHDs.
These etiological factors raise questions on multifactorial etiology of CHDs. It is therefore important to endeavor in research based on finding the causes of CHDs. Finding causative factors will enable us to plan intervention strategies and mitigate the consequences associated with CHDs. This review, therefore, puts forward the genetic and non-genetic causes of congenital heart diseases. Besides, it discusses crucial signaling pathways which are involved in early cardiac morphogenesis. Consequently, we aim to consolidate our knowledge on multifactorial causes of CHDs so as to pave a way for further research regarding CHDs.
Conclusion
The multifactorial etiology of congenital heart diseases gives us a challenge to explicitly establishing specific causative factors and therefore plan intervention strategies. More well-designed studies and the use of novel genetic technologies could be the way through the discovery of etiological factors implicated in the pathogenesis of congenital heart diseases.
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Wang S, Zhang J, He X, Zhang Y, Chen J, Su Q, Pang S, Zhang S, Cui Y, Yan B. Identification and functional analysis of genetic variants in TBX5 gene promoter in patients with acute myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:265. [PMID: 31775637 PMCID: PMC6880377 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD), including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), is a common complex disease. Although a great number of genetic loci and variants for CAD have been identified, genetic causes and underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Epidemiological studies have revealed that CAD incidence is strikingly higher in patients with congenital heart disease than that in normal population. T-box transcription factors play critical roles in embryonic development. In particular, TBX5 as a dosage-sensitive regulator is required for cardiac development and function. Thus, dysregulated TBX5 gene expression may be involved in CAD development. Methods TBX5 gene promoter was genetically and functionally analysed in large groups of AMI patients (n = 432) and ethnic-matched healthy controls (n = 448). Results Six novel heterozygous DNA sequence variants (DSVs) in the TBX5 gene promoter (g.4100A > G, g.4194G > A, g.4260 T > C, g.4367C > A, g.4581A > G and g.5004G > T) were found in AMI patients, but in none of controls. These DSVs significantly changed the activity of TBX5 gene promoter in cultured cells (P < 0.05). Furthermore, three of the DSVs (g.4100A > G, g.4260 T > C and g.4581A > G) evidently modified the binding sites of unknown transcription factors. Conclusions The DSVs identified in AMI patients may alter TBX5 gene promoter activity and change TBX5 level, contributing to AMI development as a rare risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohui He
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yexin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Yinghua Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China.
| | - Bo Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China. .,Center for Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China.
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40
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Maliken BD, Kanisicak O, Karch J, Khalil H, Fu X, Boyer JG, Prasad V, Zheng Y, Molkentin JD. Gata4-Dependent Differentiation of c-Kit +-Derived Endothelial Cells Underlies Artefactual Cardiomyocyte Regeneration in the Heart. Circulation 2019; 138:1012-1024. [PMID: 29666070 PMCID: PMC6125755 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.033703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Although c-Kit+ adult progenitor cells were initially reported to produce new cardiomyocytes in the heart, recent genetic evidence suggests that such events are exceedingly rare. However, to determine if these rare events represent true de novo cardiomyocyte formation, we deleted the necessary cardiogenic transcription factors Gata4 and Gata6 from c-Kit–expressing cardiac progenitor cells. Methods: Kit allele–dependent lineage tracing and fusion analysis were performed in mice following simultaneous Gata4 and Gata6 cell type–specific deletion to examine rates of putative de novo cardiomyocyte formation from c-Kit+ cells. Bone marrow transplantation experiments were used to define the contribution of Kit allele–derived hematopoietic cells versus Kit lineage–dependent cells endogenous to the heart in contributing to apparent de novo lineage-traced cardiomyocytes. A Tie2CreERT2 transgene was also used to examine the global impact of Gata4 deletion on the mature cardiac endothelial cell network, which was further evaluated with select angiogenesis assays. Results: Deletion of Gata4 in Kit lineage–derived endothelial cells or in total endothelial cells using the Tie2CreERT2 transgene, but not from bone morrow cells, resulted in profound endothelial cell expansion, defective endothelial cell differentiation, leukocyte infiltration into the heart, and a dramatic increase in Kit allele–dependent lineage-traced cardiomyocytes. However, this increase in labeled cardiomyocytes was an artefact of greater leukocyte-cardiomyocyte cellular fusion because of defective endothelial cell differentiation in the absence of Gata4. Conclusions: Past identification of presumed de novo cardiomyocyte formation in the heart from c-Kit+ cells using Kit allele lineage tracing appears to be an artefact of labeled leukocyte fusion with cardiomyocytes. Deletion of Gata4 from c-Kit+ endothelial progenitor cells or adult endothelial cells negatively impacted angiogenesis and capillary network integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Maliken
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | - Onur Kanisicak
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | - Jason Karch
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | - Hadi Khalil
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | | | - Justin G Boyer
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.).,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, OH (J.G.B., J.D.M)
| | - Vikram Prasad
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | - Yi Zheng
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.)
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (B.D.M., O.K., J.K., H.K., X.F., J.G.B., V.P., Y.Z., J.D.M.).,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, OH (J.G.B., J.D.M)
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Whitcomb J, Gharibeh L, Nemer M. From embryogenesis to adulthood: Critical role for GATA factors in heart development and function. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:53-67. [PMID: 31520462 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac development is governed by a complex network of transcription factors (TFs) that regulate cell fates in a spatiotemporal manner. Among these, the GATA family of zinc finger TFs plays prominent roles in regulating the development of the myocardium, endocardium, and outflow tract. This family comprises six members three of which, GATA4, 5, and 6, are predominantly expressed in cardiac cells where they activate specific downstream gene targets via interactions with one another and with other TFs and signaling molecules. Their critical function in heart formation is evidenced by the phenotypes of animal models lacking these factors and by the broad spectrum of human congenital heart diseases associated with mutations in their genes. Similarly, in the postnatal heart, these proteins play significant and nonredundant roles in cardiac function, regulating adaptive stress responses including cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and survival, as well as endothelial homeostasis and angiogenesis. As such, decreased expression of either GATA4, 5, or 6 results in impaired cardiovascular homeostasis and increased risk of premature and serious cardiovascular events such as hypertension, arrhythmia, aortopathy, and heart failure. Although a great deal of progress has been made in understanding GATA-dependent regulatory processes in the heart, the molecular mechanisms underlying the specificity of GATA factors and their upstream regulation remain incompletely understood. The knowledge and tools developed since their discovery 25 years ago should accelerate progress toward further elucidation of their mechanisms of action in health and disease. This in turn will greatly improve diagnosis and care for the millions of individuals affected by congenital and acquired cardiac disease worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamieson Whitcomb
- Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lara Gharibeh
- Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mona Nemer
- Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
The function of the mammalian heart depends on the interplay between different cardiac cell types. The deployment of these cells, with precise spatiotemporal regulation, is also important during development to establish the heart structure. In this Review, we discuss the diverse origins of cardiac cell types and the lineage relationships between cells of a given type that contribute to different parts of the heart. The emerging lineage tree shows the progression of cell fate diversification, with patterning cues preceding cell type segregation, as well as points of convergence, with overlapping lineages contributing to a given tissue. Several cell lineage markers have been identified. However, caution is required with genetic-tracing experiments in comparison with clonal analyses. Genetic studies on cell populations provided insights into the mechanisms for lineage decisions. In the past 3 years, results of single-cell transcriptomics are beginning to reveal cell heterogeneity and early developmental trajectories. Equating this information with the in vivo location of cells and their lineage history is a current challenge. Characterization of the progenitor cells that form the heart and of the gene regulatory networks that control their deployment is of major importance for understanding the origin of congenital heart malformations and for producing cardiac tissue for use in regenerative medicine.
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Crane AT, Aravalli RN, Asakura A, Grande AW, Krishna VD, Carlson DF, Cheeran MCJ, Danczyk G, Dutton JR, Hackett PB, Hu WS, Li L, Lu WC, Miller ZD, O'Brien TD, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Parr AM, Pearce C, Ruiz-Estevez M, Shiao M, Sipe CJ, Toman NG, Voth J, Xie H, Steer CJ, Low WC. Interspecies Organogenesis for Human Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1091-1105. [PMID: 31426664 PMCID: PMC6767879 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719845351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocyst complementation combined with gene editing is an emerging approach in the
field of regenerative medicine that could potentially solve the worldwide problem of organ
shortages for transplantation. In theory, blastocyst complementation can generate fully
functional human organs or tissues, grown within genetically engineered livestock animals.
Targeted deletion of a specific gene(s) using gene editing to cause deficiencies in organ
development can open a niche for human stem cells to occupy, thus generating human
tissues. Within this review, we will focus on the pancreas, liver, heart, kidney, lung,
and skeletal muscle, as well as cells of the immune and nervous systems. Within each of
these organ systems, we identify and discuss (i) the common causes of organ failure; (ii)
the current state of regenerative therapies; and (iii) the candidate genes to knockout and
enable specific exogenous organ development via the use of blastocyst complementation. We
also highlight some of the current barriers limiting the success of blastocyst
complementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Crane
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Rajagopal N Aravalli
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Andrew W Grande
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | | | - Maxim C-J Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA
| | - Georgette Danczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - James R Dutton
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Perry B Hackett
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Wei-Shou Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Wei-Cheng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Zachary D Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Timothy D O'Brien
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA
| | | | - Ann M Parr
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Clairice Pearce
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | - Maple Shiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | - Nikolas G Toman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Joseph Voth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Clifford J Steer
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Walter C Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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Frank D, Rangrez AY, Friedrich C, Dittmann S, Stallmeyer B, Yadav P, Bernt A, Schulze-Bahr E, Borlepawar A, Zimmermann WH, Peischard S, Seebohm G, Linke WA, Baba HA, Krüger M, Unger A, Usinger P, Frey N, Schulze-Bahr E. Cardiac α-Actin (
ACTC1
) Gene Mutation Causes Atrial-Septal Defects Associated With Late-Onset Dilated Cardiomyopathy. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 12:e002491. [DOI: 10.1161/circgen.119.002491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Familial atrial septal defect (ASD) has previously been attributed primarily to mutations in cardiac transcription factors. Here, we report a large, multi-generational family (78 members) with ASD combined with a late-onset dilated cardiomyopathy and further characterize the consequences of mutant α-actin.
Methods:
We combined a genome-wide linkage analysis with cell biology, microscopy, and molecular biology tools to characterize a novel
ACTC1
(cardiac α-actin) mutation identified in association with ASD and late-onset dilated cardiomyopathy in a large, multi-generational family.
Results:
Using a genome-wide linkage analysis, the ASD disease locus was mapped to chromosome 15q14 harboring the
ACTC1
gene. In 15 affected family members, a heterozygous, nonsynonymous, and fully penetrant mutation (p. Gly247Asp) was identified in exon 5 of
ACTC1
that was absent in all healthy family members (n=63). In silico tools predicted deleterious consequences of this variant that was found absent in control databases. Ultrastructural analysis of myocardial tissue of one of the mutation carriers showed sarcomeric disarray, myofibrillar degeneration, and increased apoptosis, while cardiac proteomics revealed a significant increase in extracellular matrix proteins. Consistently, structural defects and increased apoptosis were also observed in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes overexpressing the mutant, but not native human ACTC1. Molecular dynamics studies and additional mechanistic analyses in cardiomyocytes confirmed actin polymerization/turnover defects, thereby affecting contractility.
Conclusions:
A combined phenotype of ASD and late-onset heart failure was caused by a heterozygous, nonsynonymous ACTC1 mutation. Mechanistically, we found a shared molecular mechanism of defective actin signaling and polymerization in both cardiac development and contractile function. Detection of ACTC1 mutations in patients with ASD may thus have further clinical implications with regard to monitoring for (late-onset) dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derk Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel (D.F., A.Y.R., A. Bernt, A. Borlepawar, P.U., N.F.)
- Co-affiliated with DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), sites Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck and Göttingen, Germany (D.F., A.Y.R., A. Bernt, A. Borlepawar, W.H.-Z., W.A.L., N.F.)
| | - Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel (D.F., A.Y.R., A. Bernt, A. Borlepawar, P.U., N.F.)
- Co-affiliated with DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), sites Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck and Göttingen, Germany (D.F., A.Y.R., A. Bernt, A. Borlepawar, W.H.-Z., W.A.L., N.F.)
| | - Corinna Friedrich
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (C.F., S.D., B.S., Ellen Schulze-Bahr, S.P., G.S., A.U., Eric Schulze-Bahr), University Hospital Münster
- Institute for Human Genetics (C.F), University Hospital Münster
| | - Sven Dittmann
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (C.F., S.D., B.S., Ellen Schulze-Bahr, S.P., G.S., A.U., Eric Schulze-Bahr), University Hospital Münster
| | - Birgit Stallmeyer
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (C.F., S.D., B.S., Ellen Schulze-Bahr, S.P., G.S., A.U., Eric Schulze-Bahr), University Hospital Münster
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (P.Y.)
| | - Alexander Bernt
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel (D.F., A.Y.R., A. Bernt, A. Borlepawar, P.U., N.F.)
- Co-affiliated with DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), sites Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck and Göttingen, Germany (D.F., A.Y.R., A. Bernt, A. Borlepawar, W.H.-Z., W.A.L., N.F.)
| | - Ellen Schulze-Bahr
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (C.F., S.D., B.S., Ellen Schulze-Bahr, S.P., G.S., A.U., Eric Schulze-Bahr), University Hospital Münster
| | - Ankush Borlepawar
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel (D.F., A.Y.R., A. Bernt, A. Borlepawar, P.U., N.F.)
- Co-affiliated with DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), sites Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck and Göttingen, Germany (D.F., A.Y.R., A. Bernt, A. Borlepawar, W.H.-Z., W.A.L., N.F.)
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen (W.H.-Z.)
- Co-affiliated with DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), sites Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck and Göttingen, Germany (D.F., A.Y.R., A. Bernt, A. Borlepawar, W.H.-Z., W.A.L., N.F.)
| | - Stefan Peischard
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (C.F., S.D., B.S., Ellen Schulze-Bahr, S.P., G.S., A.U., Eric Schulze-Bahr), University Hospital Münster
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (C.F., S.D., B.S., Ellen Schulze-Bahr, S.P., G.S., A.U., Eric Schulze-Bahr), University Hospital Münster
| | - Wolfgang A. Linke
- Institute of Physiology II (W.A.L.), University Hospital Münster
- Co-affiliated with DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), sites Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck and Göttingen, Germany (D.F., A.Y.R., A. Bernt, A. Borlepawar, W.H.-Z., W.A.L., N.F.)
| | - Hideo A. Baba
- Institute of Pathology, University of Duisburg-Essen (H.A.B.)
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Proteomics Facility, University of Cologne (M.K.)
| | - Andreas Unger
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (C.F., S.D., B.S., Ellen Schulze-Bahr, S.P., G.S., A.U., Eric Schulze-Bahr), University Hospital Münster
| | - Philip Usinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel (D.F., A.Y.R., A. Bernt, A. Borlepawar, P.U., N.F.)
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel (D.F., A.Y.R., A. Bernt, A. Borlepawar, P.U., N.F.)
- Co-affiliated with DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), sites Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck and Göttingen, Germany (D.F., A.Y.R., A. Bernt, A. Borlepawar, W.H.-Z., W.A.L., N.F.)
| | - Eric Schulze-Bahr
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (C.F., S.D., B.S., Ellen Schulze-Bahr, S.P., G.S., A.U., Eric Schulze-Bahr), University Hospital Münster
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Stone NR, Gifford CA, Thomas R, Pratt KJB, Samse-Knapp K, Mohamed TMA, Radzinsky EM, Schricker A, Ye L, Yu P, van Bemmel JG, Ivey KN, Pollard KS, Srivastava D. Context-Specific Transcription Factor Functions Regulate Epigenomic and Transcriptional Dynamics during Cardiac Reprogramming. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:87-102.e9. [PMID: 31271750 PMCID: PMC6632093 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of combinations of transcription factors (TFs) can drive direct lineage conversion, thereby reprogramming a somatic cell's identity. To determine the molecular mechanisms by which Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GMT) induce conversion from a cardiac fibroblast toward an induced cardiomyocyte, we performed comprehensive transcriptomic, DNA-occupancy, and epigenomic interrogation throughout the reprogramming process. Integration of these datasets identified new TFs involved in cardiac reprogramming and revealed context-specific roles for GMT, including the ability of Mef2c and Tbx5 to independently promote chromatin remodeling at previously inaccessible sites. We also find evidence for cooperative facilitation and refinement of each TF's binding profile in a combinatorial setting. A reporter assay employing newly defined regulatory elements confirmed that binding of a single TF can be sufficient for gene activation, suggesting that co-binding events do not necessarily reflect synergy. These results shed light on fundamental mechanisms by which combinations of TFs direct lineage conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Stone
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Casey A Gifford
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tamer M A Mohamed
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | - Lin Ye
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Pengzhi Yu
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Kathryn N Ivey
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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46
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LaHaye S, Majumdar U, Yasuhara J, Koenig SN, Matos-Nieves A, Kumar R, Garg V. Developmental origins for semilunar valve stenosis identified in mice harboring congenital heart disease-associated GATA4 mutation. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.036764. [PMID: 31138536 PMCID: PMC6602309 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects affect ∼2% of live births and often involve malformations of the semilunar (aortic and pulmonic) valves. We previously reported a highly penetrant GATA4 p.Gly296Ser mutation in familial, congenital atrial septal defects and pulmonic valve stenosis and showed that mice harboring the orthologous G295S disease-causing mutation display not only atrial septal defects, but also semilunar valve stenosis. Here, we aimed to characterize the role of Gata4 in semilunar valve development and stenosis using the Gata4G295Ski/wt mouse model. GATA4 is highly expressed in developing valve endothelial and interstitial cells. Echocardiographic examination of Gata4G295Ski/wt mice at 2 months and 1 year of age identified functional semilunar valve stenosis predominantly affecting the aortic valve with distal leaflet thickening and severe extracellular matrix (ECM) disorganization. Examination of the aortic valve at earlier postnatal timepoints demonstrated similar ECM abnormalities consistent with congenital disease. Analysis at embryonic timepoints showed a reduction in aortic valve cushion volume at embryonic day (E)13.5, predominantly affecting the non-coronary cusp (NCC). Although total cusp volume recovered by E15.5, the NCC cusp remained statistically smaller. As endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-derived cells contribute significantly to the NCC, we performed proximal outflow tract cushion explant assays and found EMT deficits in Gata4G295Ski/wt embryos along with deficits in cell proliferation. RNA-seq analysis of E15.5 outflow tracts of mutant embryos suggested a disease state and identified changes in genes involved in ECM and cell migration as well as dysregulation of Wnt signaling. By utilizing a mouse model harboring a human disease-causing mutation, we demonstrate a novel role for GATA4 in congenital semilunar valve stenosis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper. Summary: Cellular and molecular characterization of a mutant mouse, harboring a human disease-causing GATA4 variant, identifies cellular deficits in endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and proliferation that cause abnormal valve remodeling and resultant stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie LaHaye
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Uddalak Majumdar
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Jun Yasuhara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Sara N Koenig
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Adrianna Matos-Nieves
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA .,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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47
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Liu J, Cheng H, Xiang M, Zhou L, Wu B, Moskowitz IP, Zhang K, Xie L. Gata4 regulates hedgehog signaling and Gata6 expression for outflow tract development. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007711. [PMID: 31120883 PMCID: PMC6550424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dominant mutations of Gata4, an essential cardiogenic transcription factor (TF), were known to cause outflow tract (OFT) defects in both human and mouse, but the underlying molecular mechanism was not clear. In this study, Gata4 haploinsufficiency in mice was found to result in OFT defects including double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and ventricular septum defects (VSDs). Gata4 was shown to be required for Hedgehog (Hh)-receiving progenitors within the second heart field (SHF) for normal OFT alignment. Restored cell proliferation in the SHF by knocking-down Pten failed to rescue OFT defects, suggesting that additional cell events under Gata4 regulation is important. SHF Hh-receiving cells failed to migrate properly into the proximal OFT cushion, which is associated with abnormal EMT and cell proliferation in Gata4 haploinsufficiency. The genetic interaction of Hh signaling and Gata4 is further demonstrated to be important for OFT development. Gata4 and Smo double heterozygotes displayed more severe OFT abnormalities including persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA). Restoration of Hedgehog signaling renormalized SHF cell proliferation and migration, and rescued OFT defects in Gata4 haploinsufficiency. In addition, there was enhanced Gata6 expression in the SHF of the Gata4 heterozygotes. The Gata4-responsive repressive sites were identified within 1kbp upstream of the transcription start site of Gata6 by both ChIP-qPCR and luciferase reporter assay. These results suggested a SHF regulatory network comprising of Gata4, Gata6 and Hh-signaling for OFT development. Gata4 is an important transcription factor that regulates the development of the heart. Human possessing a single copy of Gata4 mutation display congenital heart defects (CHD), including double outlet right ventricle (DORV). DORV is an alignment problem in which both the Aorta and Pulmonary Artery originate from the right ventricle, instead of originating from the left and the right ventricles, respectively. In this study, a Gata4 mutant mouse model was used to study how Gata4 mutations cause DORV. We showed that Gata4 is required in the cardiac precursor cells for the normal alignment of the great arteries. Although Gata4 mutations inhibit the rapid increase in the cardiac precursor cell numbers, resolving this problem does not recover the normal alignment of the great arteries. It indicates that there is a migratory issue of the cardiac precursor cells as they navigate to the great arteries during development. The study further showed that a specific molecular signaling, Hh-signaling and Gata6 are responsible to the Gata4 action in the cardiac precursor cells. Importantly, over-activation of the Hh-signaling pathways rescues the DORV in the Gata4 mutant embryos. This study provides a molecular model to explain the ontogeny of a subtype of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Henghui Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Menglan Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Lun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
- Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Ivan P. Moskowitz
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kalayinia S, Maleki M, Rokni-Zadeh H, Changi-Ashtiani M, Ahangar H, Biglari A, Shahani T, Mahdieh N. GATA4 screening in Iranian patients of various ethnicities affected with congenital heart disease: Co-occurrence of a novel de novo translocation (5;7) and a likely pathogenic heterozygous GATA4 mutation in a family with autosomal dominant congenital heart disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22923. [PMID: 31115957 PMCID: PMC6757118 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect and a major health problem around the world. However, its exact etiology has remained unclear. Among various genetic contributing factors, GATA4 transcription factor plays a significant role in the CHD pathogenesis. In this study, GATA4 coding sequence was screened in Iranian patients of various ethnicities. METHODS Sixty six individuals with familial CHD referred to our center were recruited in this study. After receiving written informed consent from each individual or their parents, chromosomal analyses and GATA4 variant screening were performed. Pathogenicity of the suspected variants was evaluated using available online software tools: CADD, Mutation Taster, SIFT, and PolyPhen-2. RESULTS A total of twelve GATA4 variants were detected including five intronic, 2 exonic and 3 polymorphisms as well as 2 missense mutations, the c.1220C>A and c.1309G>A. Unlike the c.1220C>A, the likely pathogenic heterozygous c.1309G>A has not been previously associated with any phenotype. Here, we not only report, for the first time, a c.1309G>A-related CHD, but also report a novel de novo balanced translocation, 46,XY,t(5;7)(qter13;qter11), in the same patient which may have influenced the disease severity. CONCLUSION From screening GATA4 sequence in 66 Iranian patients of various ethnicities, we conclude that cytogenetic analysis and PCR-direct sequencing of different candidate genes may not be the best approach for genetic diagnosis in CHD. Applying novel approaches such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) may provide a better understating of genetic contributing factors in CHD patients for whom conventional methods could not reveal any genetic causative factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Kalayinia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran.,Cardiogenetics Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Cardiogenetics Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Rokni-Zadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Majid Changi-Ashtiani
- School of Mathematics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahangar
- Department of Cardiology, Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Biglari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Tina Shahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nejat Mahdieh
- Cardiogenetics Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cardiac Reprogramming Factors Synergistically Activate Genome-wide Cardiogenic Stage-Specific Enhancers. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:69-86.e5. [PMID: 31080136 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cardiogenic transcription factors (TFs) Mef2c, Gata4, and Tbx5 can directly reprogram fibroblasts to induced cardiac-like myocytes (iCLMs), presenting a potential source of cells for cardiac repair. While activity of these TFs is enhanced by Hand2 and Akt1, their genomic targets and interactions during reprogramming are not well studied. We performed genome-wide analyses of cardiogenic TF binding and enhancer profiling during cardiac reprogramming. We found that these TFs synergistically activate enhancers highlighted by Mef2c binding sites and that Hand2 and Akt1 coordinately recruit other TFs to enhancer elements. Intriguingly, these enhancer landscapes collectively resemble patterns of enhancer activation during embryonic cardiogenesis. We further constructed a cardiac reprogramming gene regulatory network and found repression of EGFR signaling pathway genes. Consistently, chemical inhibition of EGFR signaling augmented reprogramming. Thus, by defining epigenetic landscapes these findings reveal synergistic transcriptional activation across a broad landscape of cardiac enhancers and key signaling pathways that govern iCLM reprogramming.
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Keepers B, Liu J, Qian L. What's in a cardiomyocyte - And how do we make one through reprogramming? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1867:118464. [PMID: 30922868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Substantial progress is being made in the field cardiac reprogramming, and those in the field are hopeful that the technology will be formulated for therapeutic use. Beyond the excitement around generating a revolutionary new approach for treating ischemic heart diseases, cardiac reprogramming has delivered provocative findings that challenge common notions of cell fate and cell identity. Have we really made de novo cardiomyocytes? To answer this question, the essential characteristics of this unique and important cell type must first be defined. In this review, we walk through the history of scientific inquiry into cardiomyocytes, and then we examine the core features of cardiomyocytes as detailed in modern definitions. Informed by this, we turn to cardiac reprogramming to analyze the various screening approaches and ultimate factor combinations used in each study. We follow this with a dissection of the evidence used to support the authors' claims of successfully creating cardiomyocytes, and we end by discussing what is known about the molecular mechanisms of cardiac reprogramming. Through this analysis, we find interesting differences between the study designs and their results, but it becomes clear that the field at large is generating cells that closely match the textbook definition cardiomyocyte. However, the differences noted between the results of each study are largely unexplained, reflecting the need for further research in both cardiac reprogramming and in native cardiomyocyte biology. Knowledge gained from future research will help move the field towards better reprogramming techniques and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Keepers
- McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Li Qian
- McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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