1
|
Slesarchuk N, Ma E, Miranda-Pizarro J, Heikkinen S, Schollmeyer D, Nieger M, Vasko P, Repo T. On the mechanism of sp 2 C-H borylation using ortho-N-substituted pyridinium cations. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9590-9595. [PMID: 38775650 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00853g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
ortho-N-Substituted pyridinium cations with the weakly coordinating anion [B(C6F5)4]- have been studied and crucial structural features in the sp2 C-H borylation catalysis of 3-methylthiophene have been identified. The electron-deficiency of the aromatic core of the cation is essential for activity together with accessible protons. The spectroscopic yield of the borylation of 3-methylthiophene with catecholborane (CatBH) was optimized up to 86% and the method was further applied to other substrates such as N-alkylbenzenes. A mechanistic DFT study revealed the rate-limiting step in the catalysis to be the liberation of molecular H2 (ΔG‡ = 27.5 kcal mol-1), whereas the overall reaction was found to be exergonic by 5.1 kcal mol-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Slesarchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland.
| | - Enlu Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland.
| | - Juan Miranda-Pizarro
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland.
| | - Sami Heikkinen
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland.
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Department Chemie, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland.
| | - Petra Vasko
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland.
| | - Timo Repo
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Azevedo Santos L, Trujillo-González DE, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Bickelhaupt FM, Solà M. Stabilization of Diborynes versus Destabilization of Diborenes by Coordination of Lewis Bases: Unravelling the Dichotomy. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303185. [PMID: 37870211 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
We have quantum chemically investigated the boron-boron bonds in B2 , diborynes B2 L2 , and diborenes B2 H2 L2 (L=none, OH2 , NH3 ) using dispersion-corrected relativistic density functional theory at ZORA-BLYP-D3(BJ)/TZ2P. B2 has effectively a single B-B bond provided by two half π bonds, whereas B2 H2 has effectively a double B=B bond provided by two half π bonds and one σ 2p-2p bond. This different electronic structure causes B2 and B2 H2 to react differently to the addition of ligands. Thus, in B2 L2 , electron-donating ligands shorten and strengthen the boron-boron bond whereas, in B2 H2 L2 , they lengthen and weaken the boron-boron bond. The aforementioned variations in boron-boron bond length and strength become more pronounced as the Lewis basicity of the ligands L increases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Azevedo Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel E Trujillo-González
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Unversidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P. 36050, Gto., Mexico
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Oscar C Jiménez-Halla
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Unversidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, C.P. 36050, Gto., Mexico
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen J, Wang J, Wang X, Wei D, Duan Z. π-Electron Fluctuation-Induced P + /C - Ambiphilic Interaction for Intramolecular C Ar -H Bond Activation. Chemistry 2023:e202302889. [PMID: 37974486 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe how computational mechanistic understanding has led directly to the discovery of new 2H-phosphindole for C-CAr bond activation and dearomatization reaction. We uncover an unexpected intramolecular C-H bond activation with a 2H-phosphindole derivative. This new intriguing experimental observation and further theoretical studies led to an extension of the reaction mechanism with 2H-phosphindole. Through DFT calculations, we confirm that within a five-membered ring, the polarizable PC3 unit orchestrates the formation of an electrophilic phosphorus atom (P+ ) and a nucleophilic carbon atom (C- ). This kinetically accessible ambiphilic phosphorus/carbon couple is spatially separated by geometric constraints, and their reactivity is modulated through structural resonance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Chen
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Duan
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qiao H, Michalland J, Huang Q, Zard SZ. A Versatile Route to Acyl (MIDA)Boronates. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302235. [PMID: 37477346 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
A modular approach to highly functional acyl (MIDA)boronates is described. It involves the generation of the hitherto unknown radical derived from acetyl (MIDA)boronate and its capture by various alkenes, including electronically unbiased, unactivated alkenes. In contrast to the anion of acetyl (MIDA)boronate, which has not so far been employed in synthesis, the corresponding radical is well behaved and readily produced from the novel α-xanthyl acetyl (MIDA)boronate. This shelf-stable, easily prepared solid is a convenient acyl (MIDA)boronate transfer agent that provides a direct entry to numerous otherwise inaccessible structures, including latent 1,4-dicarbonyl derivatives that can be transformed into B(MIDA) substituted pyrroles and furans. A competition experiment indicated the acyl (MIDA)boronate substituted radical to be more stable than the all-carbon acetonyl radical but somewhat less reactive in additions to alkenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiao
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Jean Michalland
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Qi Huang
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Samir Z Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nad P, Mukherjee A. Metal-free C-H Borylation and Hydroboration of Indoles. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37623-37640. [PMID: 37867714 PMCID: PMC10586279 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The C-H borylation and hydroboration reactions have emerged as promising synthetic tools to construct organoboron compounds. Organoboron compounds of N-heterocycles, particularly indole derivatives, have found widespread application in a variety of fields. As a result, considerable advancement in the area of C-H borylation and hydroboration reactions of indoles was observed in the last few decades. Among the various synthetic methods applied, the metal-free approach has received special attention. This mini-review discusses the recent progress in the area of C-H borylation and hydroboration reactions of indoles under metal-free conditions, their scope, and brief mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Nad
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492015, India
| | - Arup Mukherjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492015, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar Someswara Ashwathappa P, Higashi T, Desrosiers V, Omaña AA, Fontaine FG. Metal-Free Directed Site-Selective Csp 3 -H Borylation of Saturated Cyclic Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309295. [PMID: 37535392 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The borylation of Csp3 -H bonds is a challenging transformation that is typically restricted to transition metal catalysis. Herein, we report the site-selective metal-free Csp3 -H borylation of saturated cyclic amines. It is possible to selectively borylate piperidine derivatives at the α or β positions according to the reaction conditions. The mechanism was supported by NMR spectroscopy, calorimetry experiments and density functional theory (DFT) computations. It suggests that the piperidine is dehydrogenated by complexation with BBr3 to produce an enamine intermediate, which is in turn borylated at either the α or β position according to the reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takuya Higashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Vincent Desrosiers
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec G1 V 0 A6, Canada
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec G1 V 0 A6, Canada
| | - Frédéric-Georges Fontaine
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec G1 V 0 A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang J, Wei R, Ren C, Liu LL, Wu L. Si-B Functional Group Exchange Reaction Enabled by a Catalytic Amount of BH 3: Scope, Mechanism, and Application. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37411027 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Functional group exchanges based on single-bond transformation are rare and challenging. In this regard, functional group exchange reactions of hydrosilanes proved to be more problematic. This is because this exchange requires the cleavage of the C-Si bond, while the Si-H bond is relatively easily activated for hydrosilanes. Herein, we report the first Si-B functional group exchange reactions of hydrosilanes with hydroboranes simply enabled by BH3 as a catalyst. Our methodology works for various aryl and alkyl hydrosilanes and different hydroboranes with the tolerance of general functional groups (up to 115 examples). Control experiments and density functional theory (DFT) studies reveal a distinct reaction pathway that involves consecutive C-Si/B-H and C-B/B-H σ-bond metathesis. Further investigations of using more readily available chlorosilanes, siloxane, fluorosilane, and silylborane for Si-B functional group exchanges, Ge-B functional group exchanges, and depolymerizative Si-B exchanges of polysilanes are also demonstrated. Moreover, the regeneration of MeSiH3 from polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) is achieved. Notably, the formal hydrosilylation of a wide range of alkenes with SiH4 and MeSiH3 to selectively produce (chiral)trihydrosilanes and (methyl)dihydrosilanes is realized using inexpensive and readily available PhSiH3 and PhSiH2Me as gaseous SiH4 and MeSiH3 surrogates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chunping Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lipeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ingleson MJ. Main Group Catalyzed Arene Borylation: Challenges and Opportunities. ACS Catal 2023; 13:7691-7697. [PMID: 37288098 PMCID: PMC10242676 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
|
9
|
Ariai J, Gellrich U. The entropic penalty for associative reactions and their physical treatment during routine computations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14005-14015. [PMID: 37161492 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00970j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study of the entropic penalty for associative reactions is presented. It is shown that computed solution-phase Gibbs free energies typically overestimate entropic contributions. This entropic penalty for associative reactions in solution, i.e., if the number of particles decreases along the reaction coordinate (sum of stoichiometric numbers ), originates from the insufficient treatment of entropic effects by implicit solvent models. We propose an additive correction scheme to Gibbs free energies that is suitable for routine applications by non-expert users. This correction is based on Garza's formalism for the solution-phase entropy [A. J. Garza, J. Chem. Theory Comput., 2019, 15, 3204.] that is physically sound and embedded into an efficient black-box type algorithm. To critically evaluate the entropic penalty and its proposed treatment, we compiled an experimental benchmark set of 31 ΔrG and 22 in 15 different solvents. Using a representative best-practice computational protocol (at wave function theory (WFT) based DLPNO-CCSD(T) and density functional theory (DFT) based revDSD-PBEP86-D4 level with an implicit solvent model), we determined a sizeable entropic penalty ranging from 2-11 kcal mol-1. Using the correction scheme presented herein, the entropic penalty is corrected to the chemical accuracy of ≤1 kcal mol-1 (WFT and DFT). The same applies to at the WFT level. Barriers at the DFT level are overestimated by 2 kcal mol-1 (classic) and underestimated by 2 kcal mol-1 (corrected). This effect is attributed to the finding that barriers computed at the DFT level are systematically 2-3 kcal mol-1 lower than barriers obtained with WFT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jama Ariai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Urs Gellrich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang K, Xu Y, Wang J. Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclizative Borylation of Allenyl Ketones through Carbene Boryl Migratory Insertion: Access to Densely Substituted Furyl Boronates. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203697. [PMID: 36448967 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Herein the palladium-catalyzed cyclizative borylation of allenyl ketones with diboron compounds is reported which involves the carbene boryl migratory insertion as the key step. This reaction features mild conditions, good functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Thus, it represents an efficient methodology for the assembly of diverse tri-substituted furyl boronates. In addition, a series of transformations of the resultant multi-substituted furyl boronates were conducted to provide various densely substituted furan derivatives in good yields, further illustrating the potential synthetic utility of this methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luo L, Tang S, Wu J, Jin S, Zhang H. Transition Metal-Free Aromatic C-H, C-N, C-S and C-O Borylation. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300023. [PMID: 36850026 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic organoboron compounds are highly valuable building blocks in organic chemistry. They were mainly synthesized through aromatic C-H and C-Het borylation, in which transition metal-catalysis dominate. In the past decade, with increasing attention to sustainable chemistry, numerous transition metal-free C-H and C-Het borylation transformations have been developed and emerged as efficient methods towards the synthesis of aromatic organoboron compounds. This account mainly focuses on recent advances in transition metal-free aromatic C-H, C-N, C-S, and C-O borylation transformations and provides insights to where further developments are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiangyue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shiwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Brückner T, Ritschel B, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Fantuzzi F, Duwe D, Markl C, Dewhurst RD, Dietz M, Braunschweig H. Metal-Free Intermolecular C-H Borylation of N-Heterocycles at B-B Multiple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213284. [PMID: 36440659 PMCID: PMC10107673 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbene-stabilized diborynes of the form LBBL (L=N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) or cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene (CAAC)) induce rapid, high yielding, intermolecular ortho-C-H borylation at N-heterocycles at room temperature. A simple pyridyldiborene is formed when an NHC-stabilized diboryne is combined with pyridine, while a CAAC-stabilized diboryne leads to activation of two pyridine molecules to give a tricyclic alkylideneborane, which can be forced to undergo a further H-shift resulting in a zwitterionic, doubly benzo-fused 1,3,2,5-diazadiborinine by heating. Use of the extended N-heteroaromatic quinoline leads to a borylmethyleneborane under mild conditions via an unprecedented boron-carbon exchange process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brückner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Ritschel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Park Wood Rd, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Dario Duwe
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Markl
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Patel TR, Ganguly B. Metal‐Free Catalytic Functionalization of Second −
C
sp
2
−H Bond of 1‐Methyl Pyrrole Using Bishomocubane‐Derived Aminoborane Frustrated Lewis Pairs: A Computational Study. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tulsi R. Patel
- Computation and Simulation Unit (Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility) CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute Bhavnagar 364 002 Gujarat India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- Computation and Simulation Unit (Analytical & Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility) CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute Bhavnagar 364 002 Gujarat India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Willcox DR, Thomas SP. Group 13 exchange and transborylation in catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:325-348. [PMID: 36998308 PMCID: PMC10043741 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalysis is dominated by the use of rare and potentially toxic transition metals. The main group offers a potentially sustainable alternative for catalysis, due to the generally higher abundance and lower toxicity of these elements. Group 13 elements have a rich catalogue of stoichiometric addition reactions to unsaturated bonds but cannot undergo the redox chemistry which underpins transition-metal catalysis. Group 13 exchange reactions transfer one or more groups from one group 13 element to another, through σ-bond metathesis; where boron is both of the group 13 elements, this is termed transborylation. These redox-neutral processes are increasingly being used to render traditionally stoichiometric group 13-mediated processes catalytic and develop new catalytic processes, examples of which are the focus of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic R Willcox
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tan X, Wang X, Li ZH, Wang H. Borenium-Ion-Catalyzed C-H Borylation of Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23286-23291. [PMID: 36524876 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-metal-catalyzed C-H borylation of arenes represents a sustainable and environment-friendly approach for the functionalization of arenes. Despite its promise as an alternative to traditional transition-metal systems, its substrate scope is generally limited to electron-rich arenes, thus hindering its application in organic synthesis. Herein, we report the development of a borenium-ion catalyst which can borylate unactivated arenes under ambient conditions with 4-chlorocatecholborane (HBcatCl) as borylation reagent. This metal-free catalytic system is suitable for the borylation of C-H bonds in sterically encumbered positions, which has been a challenging task for transition-metal systems. Additionally, this catalytic system allows para-selective one-pot borylation of phenols, which has not been achieved by using transition-metal systems. Our mechanistic investigations and computational studies support a synergistic activation of the H-BcatCl bond by the arene substrate and the borenium-ion catalyst. This generates a Wheland intermediate and a neutral hydroborane species and is followed by deprotonation of the Wheland intermediate with the hydroborane species. The latter step of C-H bond cleavage is likely the rate-limiting step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Tan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhen Hua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi Y, Zeng Y, Kucheryavy P, Yin X, Zhang K, Meng G, Chen J, Zhu Q, Wang N, Zheng X, Jäkle F, Chen P. Dynamic B/N Lewis Pairs: Insights into the Structural Variations and Photochromism via Light-Induced Fluorescence to Phosphorescence Switching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213615. [PMID: 36287039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultralong afterglow emissions due to room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are of paramount importance in the advancement of smart sensors, bioimaging and light-emitting devices. We herein present an efficient approach to achieve rarely accessible phosphorescence of heavy atom-free organoboranes via photochemical switching of sterically tunable fluorescent Lewis pairs (LPs). LPs are widely applied in and well-known for their outstanding performance in catalysis and supramolecular soft materials but have not thus far been exploited to develop photo-responsive RTP materials. The intramolecular LP M1BNM not only shows a dynamic response to thermal treatment due to reversible N→B coordination but crystals of M1BNM also undergo rapid photochromic switching. As a result, unusual emission switching from short-lived fluorescence to long-lived phosphorescence (rad-M1BNM, τRTP =232 ms) is observed. The reported discoveries in the field of Lewis pairs chemistry offer important insights into their structural dynamics, while also pointing to new opportunities for photoactive materials with implications for fast responsive detectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Pavel Kucheryavy
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Guoyun Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jinfa Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Thomas SP, Bage AD, Nicholson K, Hunt TA, Langer T. Transborylation-Enabled Boron Catalysis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1720046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis review highlights transborylation (controlled boron-boron exchange) and its applications as a turnover strategy in boron-catalysed methodologies. Catalytic applications of B–C, B–O, B–N, B–F, B–S, and B–Se transborylations are discussed in the context of transborylation-enabled catalysis, across a wide range of organic transformations including hydroboration, C–C bond formation, C–H borylation, chemoselective reduction, and asymmetric reduction.1 Introduction2 B–C Transborylation3 B–O Transborylation4 B–N Transborylation5 B–F Transborylation6 B–S Transborylation7 Conclusion
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew D. Bage
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh
| | | | | | - Thomas Langer
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Chemical Development U.K., AstraZeneca
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Berionni G. Regioselective Transition‐Metal‐Free Arene C−H Borylations: From Directing Groups to Borylation Template Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210284. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Berionni
- Chemistry Department— Namur Institute of Structured Matter University of Namur 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rej S, Chatani N. Regioselective Transition‐Metal‐Free C(sp
2
)−H Borylation: A Subject of Practical and Ongoing Interest in Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209539. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Rej
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental Preservation Osaka University Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Environmental Preservation Osaka University Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dumon AS, Rzepa HS, Alamillo-Ferrer C, Bures J, Procter R, Sheppard TD, Whiting A. A computational tool to accurately and quickly predict 19F NMR chemical shifts of molecules with fluorine-carbon and fluorine-boron bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20409-20425. [PMID: 35983846 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02317b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the evaluation of density-functional-theory (DFT) based procedures for predicting 19F NMR chemical shifts at modest computational cost for a range of molecules with fluorine bonds, to be used as a tool for assisting the characterisation of reaction intermediates and products and as an aid to identifying mechanistic pathways. The results for a balanced learning set of molecules were then checked using two further testing sets, resulting in the recommendation of the ωB97XD/aug-cc-pvdz DFT method and basis set as having the best combination of accuracy and computational time, with a RMS error of 3.57 ppm. Cationic molecules calculated without counter-anion showed normal errors, whilst anionic molecules showed somewhat larger errors. The method was applied to the prediction of the conformationally averaged 19F chemical shifts of 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentan-1-ol, in which gauche stereoelectronic effects involving fluorine dominate and to determining the position of coordination equilibria of fluorinated boranes as an aid to verifying the relative energies of intermediate species involved in catalytic amidation reactions involving boron catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre S Dumon
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 OBZ, UK.
| | - Henry S Rzepa
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 OBZ, UK.
| | | | - Jordi Bures
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Richard Procter
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Tom D Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Andrew Whiting
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, Science Laboratories, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Berionni G. Regioselective Transition‐Metal‐Free Arene C−H Borylations: From Directing Groups to Borylation Template Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Berionni
- Chemistry Department— Namur Institute of Structured Matter University of Namur 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rej S, Chatani N. Regio‐Selective Transition‐Metal‐Free C(sp2)‒H Borylation: A Subject of Practical and Ongoing Interest in Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Rej
- Osaka University School of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering: Osaka Daigaku Kogakubu Daigakuin Kogaku Kenkyuka Applied Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Osaka University School of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering: Osaka Daigaku Kogakubu Daigakuin Kogaku Kenkyuka Applied Chemistry 2-1 Yamadaoka 566-0871 Suita, Osaka JAPAN
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hazra S, Mahato S, Kanti Das K, Panda S. Transition-Metal-Free Heterocyclic Carbon-Boron Bond Formation. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200556. [PMID: 35438817 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heteroaryl boronic acids and esters are extremely important and valuable intermediates because of their wide application in the synthesis of marketed drugs and bioactive compounds. Over the last couple of decades, the construction of highly important heteroaryl carbon-boron bonds has created huge attention. The transition-metal-free protocols are more green, less sensitive to air and moisture, and also economically advantageous over the transition-metal-based protocols. The transition-metal-free C-H borylation of heteroarenes and C-X (X=halogen) borylation of heteroaryl halides represents an excellent approach for their synthesis. Also, various cyclization and alkyne activation protocols have been recently established for their synthesis. The goal of this review article is to summarize the existing literature and the current state of the art for transition-metal-free synthesis of heteroaryl boronic acid and esters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Somenath Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Kanak Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Santanu Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
lu: J, Shi Z. 导向碳氢硼化:从金属催化到非金属转化. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Federmann P, Müller R, Beckmann F, Lau C, Cula B, Kaupp M, Limberg C. Synthesis of Intramolecular P/Al‐Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs via Aluminum‐Tin‐Exchange and their Reactivity toward CO
2. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200404. [PMID: 35213074 PMCID: PMC9314872 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) composed of acidic alane and basic phosphane functions, separated by a xanthene linker, can be prepared through the corresponding Me3Sn derivative and methyl aluminum compounds with elimination of Me4Sn. This way MeClAl‐, Cl2Al‐ and (C6F5)2Al‐ moieties could be introduced and the resulting FLPs are stabilized by a further equivalent of the alane precursors. In contact with the FLPs CO2 is bound via the C atom at the phosphane functions and the two O atoms at the Al centers. The residues at the latter determine the binding strength. Hence, in case of MeClAl CO2 capture occurs at higher pressure and under ambient conditions CO2 is released again, while for Cl2Al and (C6F5)2Al CO2 binding becomes irreversible. The results of DFT calculations rationalize these findings by the high thermodynamic stabilization in case of more electronegative residues, which concomitantly lead to higher barriers, and in case of (C6F5)2Al further stabilization is achieved through a low reorganization energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Federmann
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institut für ChemieTheoretische Chemie/QuantenchemieSekr. C7Technische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Fabian Beckmann
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Caroline Lau
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Beatrice Cula
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für ChemieTheoretische Chemie/QuantenchemieSekr. C7Technische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Christian Limberg
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sadek O, Le Gac A, Hidalgo N, Mallet-Ladeira S, Miqueu K, Bouhadir G, Bourissou D. Metal-Free Phosphorus-Directed Borylation of C(sp 2 )-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202110102. [PMID: 34719849 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Spectacular progress has recently been achieved in transition metal-catalyzed C-H borylation of phosphines as well as directed electrophilic C-H borylation. As shown here, P-directed electrophilic borylation provides a new, straightforward, and efficient access to phosphine-boranes. It operates under metal-free conditions and leverages simple, readily available substrates. It is applicable to a broad range of backbones (naphthyl, biphenyl, N-phenylpyrrole, binaphthyl, benzyl, naphthylmethyl) and gives facile access to various substitution patterns at boron (by varying the boron electrophile or post-derivatizing the borane moiety). NMR monitoring supports the involvement of P-stabilized borenium cations as key intermediates. DFT calculations reveal the existence and stabilizing effect of π-arene/boron interactions in the (biphenyl)(i-Pr)2 P→BBr2 + species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sadek
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Le Gac
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09, Toulouse, France
| | - Nereida Hidalgo
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09, Toulouse, France
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR 2599), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09, Toulouse, France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S-UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM, UMR 5254), Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot, 64053, Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Ghenwa Bouhadir
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09, Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sadek O, Le Gac A, Hidalgo N, Mallet‐Ladeira S, Miqueu K, Bouhadir G, Bourissou D. Metal‐Free Phosphorus‐Directed Borylation of C(sp
2
)−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sadek
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Cedex 09 Toulouse France
| | - Arnaud Le Gac
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Cedex 09 Toulouse France
| | - Nereida Hidalgo
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Cedex 09 Toulouse France
| | - Sonia Mallet‐Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR 2599) 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Cedex 09 Toulouse France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S-UPPA Institut des Sciences Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM, UMR 5254) Hélioparc 2 Avenue du Président Angot 64053 Pau Cedex 09 France
| | - Ghenwa Bouhadir
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Cedex 09 Toulouse France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Cedex 09 Toulouse France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Boron compounds for catalytic applications. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acat.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
29
|
Zhang S, Xu H, He J, Zhang Y. Application of Mutualism in Organic Synthetic Chemistry: Mutually Promoted C−H Functionalization of Indole and Reduction of Quinoline. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sutao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fontaine FG, Desrosiers V. Boron Lewis Pair Mediated C–H Activation and Borylation. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1561-7953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the few past years, the chemistry of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) has enabled a plethora of transformations that would otherwise only be possible using transition metal catalysts. Of particular interest are C–H bond activation and borylation reactions, which are the subject of this review. The FLP borylation chemistry is compared with the early borylation methodologies using strongly electrophilic borenium ions. We present the mechanism of the C–H borylation using inter- and intramolecular Lewis pairs, along with some applications of these transformations.1 Introduction2 Electrophilic Borylation3 Intramolecular or Directed Electrophilic Borylation4 Intermolecular FLP-Mediated C–H Borylation5 Stoichiometric Borylation by Intramolecular FLPs5.1 Csp–H Borylation5.2 Csp2–H Borylation5.3 Csp3–H Borylation6 Catalytic Borylation by Intramolecular FLPs7 Catalytic Borylation by Self-Assembled FLPs8 Conclusion
Collapse
|
31
|
Légaré Lavergne J, To HM, Fontaine FG. Boric acid as a precatalyst for BH 3-catalyzed hydroboration. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31941-31949. [PMID: 35495511 PMCID: PMC9041564 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We report that boric acid, BO3H3, is a good precatalyst for the BH3-catalyzed hydroboration of esters using pinacolborane as a borylation agent. Using microwave irradiation as an energy source, we demonstrated that a dozen esters were converted into the corresponding boronate ethers in good yields. It was also possible to use boric acid as a precatalyst to reduce carbonates and alkynes. Considering the hazardous and pyrophoric nature of BH3 solutions, boric acid proves to be a safe and green precatalyst for the metal-free reduction of unsaturated species. Cheap and air-stable boric acid is shown to be a good precatalyst for BH3 hydroboration of esters and carbonates.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Légaré Lavergne
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval 1045 Avenue de la Médecine Québec G1V 0A6 Québec Canada
| | - Hoang-Minh To
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval 1045 Avenue de la Médecine Québec G1V 0A6 Québec Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Willcox DR, De Rosa DM, Howley J, Levy A, Steven A, Nichol GS, Morrison CA, Cowley MJ, Thomas SP. Aluminium‐Catalyzed C(sp)−H Borylation of Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic R. Willcox
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Daniel M. De Rosa
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Jack Howley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Abigail Levy
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Alan Steven
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Technology and Development Macclesfield Campus Cheshire SK10 2NA UK
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Carole A. Morrison
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Michael J. Cowley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Stephen P. Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Willcox DR, De Rosa DM, Howley J, Levy A, Steven A, Nichol GS, Morrison CA, Cowley MJ, Thomas SP. Aluminium-Catalyzed C(sp)-H Borylation of Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20672-20677. [PMID: 34107161 PMCID: PMC8518654 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Historically used in stoichiometric hydroalumination chemistry, recent advances have transformed aluminium hydrides into versatile catalysts for the hydroboration of unsaturated multiple bonds. This catalytic ability is founded on the defining reactivity of aluminium hydrides with alkynes and alkenes: 1,2‐hydroalumination of the unsaturated π‐system. This manuscript reports the aluminium hydride catalyzed dehydroborylation of terminal alkynes. A tethered intramolecular amine ligand controls reactivity at the aluminium hydride centre, switching off hydroalumination and instead enabling selective reactions at the alkyne C−H σ‐bond. Chemoselective C−H borylation was observed across a series of aryl‐ and alkyl‐substituted alkynes (21 examples). On the basis of kinetic and density functional theory studies, a mechanism in which C−H borylation proceeds by σ‐bond metathesis between pinacolborane (HBpin) and alkynyl aluminium intermediates is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic R Willcox
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Daniel M De Rosa
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Jack Howley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Abigail Levy
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Alan Steven
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Macclesfield Campus, Cheshire, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Gary S Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Carole A Morrison
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Michael J Cowley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Stephen P Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chan YC, Bai Y, Chen WC, Chen HY, Li CY, Wu YY, Tseng MC, Yap GPA, Zhao L, Chen HY, Ong TG. Synergistic Catalysis by Brønsted Acid/Carbodicarbene Mimicking Frustrated Lewis Pair-Like Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19949-19956. [PMID: 34128303 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbodicarbene (CDC), unique carbenic entities bearing two lone pairs of electrons are well-known for their strong Lewis basicity. We demonstrate herein, upon introducing a weak Brønsted acid benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as a co-modulator, CDC is remolded into a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP)-like reactivity. DFT calculation and experimental evidence show BnOH loosely interacting with the binding pocket of CDC via H-bonding and π-π stacking. Four distinct reactions in nature were deployed to demonstrate the viability of proof-of-concept as synergistic FLP/Modulator (CDC/BnOH), demonstrating enhanced catalytic reactivity in cyclotrimerization of isocyanate, polymerization process for L-lactide (LA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and dehydrosilylation of alcohols. Importantly, the catalytic reactivity of carbodicarbene is uniquely distinct from conventional NHC which relies on only single chemical feature of nucleophilicity. This finding also provides a new spin in diversifying FLP reactivity with co-modulator or co-catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuna Bai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Ching Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsing-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chen-Yu Li
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-Yann Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Chun Tseng
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hsuan-Ying Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medicinal Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tiow-Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Chemistry, National (Taiwan) University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chan Y, Bai Y, Chen W, Chen H, Li C, Wu Y, Tseng M, Yap GPA, Zhao L, Chen H, Ong T. Synergistic Catalysis by Brønsted Acid/Carbodicarbene Mimicking Frustrated Lewis Pair‐Like Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Chen Chan
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan, R.O.C
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST) Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuna Bai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Wen‐Ching Chen
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsing‐Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chen‐Yu Li
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying‐Yann Wu
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei‐Chun Tseng
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware Newark DE USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Hsuan‐Ying Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medicinal Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tiow‐Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Chemistry National (Taiwan) University Taipei Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Besson T, Fruit C. Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Free Late-Stage C-H and N-H Arylation of Heteroarenes Using Diaryliodonium Salts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:661. [PMID: 34358087 PMCID: PMC8308686 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal-free direct arylation of C-H or N-H bonds is one of the key emerging methodologies that is currently attracting tremendous attention. Diaryliodonium salts serve as a stepping stone on the way to alternative environmentally friendly and straightforward pathways for the construction of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds. In this review, we emphasize the recent synthetic advances of late-stage C(sp2)-N and C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond-forming reactions under metal-free conditions using diaryliodonium salts as arylating reagent and its applications to the synthesis of new arylated bioactive heterocyclic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Corinne Fruit
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, F-76000 Rouen, France;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sharma G, Newman PD, Platts JA. A review of quantum chemical studies of Frustrated Lewis Pairs. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 105:107846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
38
|
Patel TR, Ganguly B. Metal‐free catalytic activation and borylation of the ––H bond of 1‐methyl pyrrole using adamantane‐derived aminoborane frustrated Lewis pairs: A density functional theory study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tulsi R. Patel
- Computation and Simulation Unit, Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility CSIR‐Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute Bhavnagar India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- Computation and Simulation Unit, Analytical and Environmental Science Division and Centralized Instrument Facility CSIR‐Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute Bhavnagar India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gallegos M, Costales A, Pendás ÁM. Energetic Descriptors of Steric Hindrance in Real Space: An Improved IQA Picture*. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:775-787. [PMID: 33497008 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Steric hindrance (SH) plays a central role in the modern chemical narrative, lying at the core of chemical intuition. As it however happens with many successful chemical concepts, SH lacks an underlying physically sound root, and multiple mutually inconsistent approximations have been devised to relate this fuzzy concept to computationally derivable descriptors. We here argue that being SH related to spatial as well as energetic features of interacting systems, SH can be properly handled if we chose a real space energetic stance like the Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) approach. Drawing on previous work by Popelier and coworkers (ChemistryOpen 8, 560, 2019) we build an energetic estimator of SH, referred to as EST . We show that the rise in the self-energy of a fragment that accompanies steric congestion is a faithful proxy for the chemist's SH concept if we remove the effect of charge transfer. This can be done rigorously, and the EST here defined provides correct sterics even for hydrogen atoms, where the plain use of deformation energies leads to non-chemical results. The applicability of EST is validated in several chemical scenarios, going from atomic compressions to archetypal SN2 reactions. EST is shown to be a robust steric hindrance descriptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gallegos
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, E-33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aurora Costales
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, E-33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ángel Martín Pendás
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, E-33006, Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Manankandayalage C, Unruh DK, Krempner C. Small Molecule Activation with Intramolecular "Inverse" Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Chemistry 2021; 27:6263-6273. [PMID: 33567143 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular "inverse" frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) of general formula 1-BR2 -2-[(Me2 N)2 C=N]-C6 H4 (3-6) [BR2 =BMes2 (3), BC12 H8 , (4), BBN (5), BBNO (6)] were synthesized and structurally characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray analysis. These novel types of pre-organized FLPs, featuring strongly basic guanidino units rigidly linked to weakly Lewis acidic boryl moieties via an ortho-phenylene linker, are capable of activating H-H, C-H, N-H, O-H, Si-H, B-H and C=O bonds. 4 and 5 deprotonated terminal alkynes and acetylene to form the zwitterionic borates 1-(RC≡C-BR2 )-2-[(Me2 N)2 C=NH]-C6 H4 (R=Ph, H) and reacted with ammonia, BnNH2 and pyrrolidine, to generate the FLP adducts 1-(R2 HN→BR2 )-2-[(Me2 N)2 C=NH]-C6 H4 , where the N-H functionality is activated by intramolecular H-bond interactions. In addition, 5 was found to rapidly add across the double bond of H2 CO, PhCHO and PhNCO to form cyclic zwitterionic guanidinium borates in excellent yields. Likewise, 5 is capable of cleaving H2 , HBPin and PhSiH3 to form various amino boranes. Collectively, the results demonstrate that these new types of intramolecular FLPs featuring weakly Lewis acidic boryl and strongly basic guanidino moieties are as potent as conventional intramolecular FLPs with strongly Lewis acidic units in activating small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel K Unruh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Clemens Krempner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zou Y, Zhang B, Wang L, Zhang H. Benzoic Acid-Promoted C2-H Borylation of Indoles with Pinacolborane. Org Lett 2021; 23:2821-2825. [PMID: 33733795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A benzoic acid-promoted C2-H borylation of indoles with pinacolborane to afford C2-borylated indoles is developed. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate BH3-related borane species formed via the decomposition of pinacolborane to be the probable catalyst. This transformation provides a prompt route toward the synthesis of diverse C2-functionalized indoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youliang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.,College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Binfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.,College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.,College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.,College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Charles RM, Brewster TP. H 2 and carbon-heteroatom bond activation mediated by polarized heterobimetallic complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2021; 433. [PMID: 35418712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The field of heterobimetallic chemistry has rapidly expanded over the last decade. In addition to their interesting structural features, heterobimetallic structures have been found to facilitate a range of stoichiometric bond activations and catalytic processes. The accompanying review summarizes advances in this area since January of 2010. The review encompasses well-characterized heterobimetallic complexes, with a particular focus on mechanistic details surrounding their reactivity applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Malcolm Charles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 3744 Walker Ave., Smith Chemistry Building, Memphis, TN 38152, United States
| | - Timothy P Brewster
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 3744 Walker Ave., Smith Chemistry Building, Memphis, TN 38152, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang ZJ, Chen X, Wu L, Wong JJ, Liang Y, Zhao Y, Houk KN, Shi Z. Metal-Free Directed C-H Borylation of Pyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8500-8504. [PMID: 33449421 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Robust strategies to enable the rapid construction of complex organoboronates in selective, practical, low-cost, and environmentally friendly modes remain conspicuously underdeveloped. Here, we develop a general strategy for the site-selective C-H borylation of pyrroles by using only BBr3 directed by pivaloyl groups, avoiding the use of any metal. The site-selectivity is generally dominated by chelation and electronic effects, thus forming diverse C2-borylated pyrroles against the steric effect. The formed products can readily engage in downstream transformations, enabling a step-economic process to access drugs such as Lipitor. DFT calculations (wB97X-D) demonstrate the preferred positional selectivity of this reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jonathan J Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang Z, Chen X, Wu L, Wong JJ, Liang Y, Zhao Y, Houk KN, Shi Z. Metal‐Free Directed C−H Borylation of Pyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng‐Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Jonathan J. Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Willcox DR, Nichol GS, Thomas SP. Borane-Catalyzed C(sp3)–F Bond Arylation and Esterification Enabled by Transborylation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic R. Willcox
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Stephen P. Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pan Z, Liu L, Xu S, Shen Z. Ligand-free iridium-catalyzed regioselective C-H borylation of indoles. RSC Adv 2021; 11:5487-5490. [PMID: 35423099 PMCID: PMC8694714 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10211c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein report a ligand-free Ir-catalyzed C-H borylation of N-acyl protected indoles. This simple protocol could tolerate a variety of functional groups, affording C3 borylated indoles in good yields with excellent regioselectivities. We also demonstrated that the current method is amenable to gram-scale borylation and the C-B bonds could be easily converted to C-C and C-heteroatom bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Science, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science Lanzhou 730000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Luhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Science, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science Lanzhou 730000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Senmiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Science, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Zhenlu Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lipshultz JM, Fu Y, Liu P, Radosevich AT. Organophosphorus-catalyzed relay oxidation of H-Bpin: electrophilic C-H borylation of heteroarenes. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1031-1037. [PMID: 34163869 PMCID: PMC8179051 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05620k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A nontrigonal phosphorus triamide (1, P{N[o-NMe-C6H4]2}) is shown to catalyze C–H borylation of electron-rich heteroarenes with pinacolborane (HBpin) in the presence of a mild chloroalkane reagent. C–H borylation proceeds for a range of electron-rich heterocycles including pyrroles, indoles, and thiophenes of varied substitution. Mechanistic studies implicate an initial P–N cooperative activation of HBpin by 1 to give P-hydrido diazaphospholene 2, which is diverted by Atherton–Todd oxidation with chloroalkane to generate P-chloro diazaphospholene 3. DFT calculations suggest subsequent oxidation of pinacolborane by 3 generates chloropinacolborane (ClBpin) as a transient electrophilic borylating species, consistent with observed substituent effects and regiochemical outcomes. These results illustrate the targeted diversion of established reaction pathways in organophosphorus catalysis to enable a new mode of main group-catalyzed C–H borylation. A nontrigonal phosphorus triamide (1, P{N[o-NMe-C6H4]2}) is shown to catalyze C–H borylation of electron-rich heteroarenes with pinacolborane (HBpin) in the presence of a mild chloroalkane reagent.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Lipshultz
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yue Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Alexander T Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Iashin V, Berta D, Chernichenko K, Nieger M, Moslova K, Pápai I, Repo T. Metal-Free C-H Borylation of N-Heteroarenes by Boron Trifluoride. Chemistry 2020; 26:13873-13879. [PMID: 32478432 PMCID: PMC7702085 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Organoboron compounds are essential reagents in modern C-C coupling reactions. Their synthesis via catalytic C-H borylation by main group elements is emerging as a powerful tool alternative to transition metal based catalysis. Herein, a straightforward metal-free synthesis of aryldifluoroboranes from BF3 and heteroarenes is reported. The reaction is assisted by sterically hindered amines and catalytic amounts of thioureas. According to computational studies the reaction proceeds via frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) mechanism. The obtained aryldifluoroboranes are further stabilized against destructive protodeborylation by converting them to the corresponding air stable tetramethylammonium organotrifluoroborates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Iashin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio, 100014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Dénes Berta
- Institute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Konstantin Chernichenko
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio, 100014HelsinkiFinland
- Present address: API Small Molecule DevelopmentJanssen Pharmaceutica N.V.Turnhoutseweg 302340BeerseBelgium
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio, 100014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Karina Moslova
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio, 100014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Timo Repo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio, 100014HelsinkiFinland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Desrosiers V, Garcia CZ, Fontaine FG. Boron Recycling in the Metal-Free Transfer C–H Borylation of Terminal Alkynes and Heteroarenes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Desrosiers
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Frédéric-Georges Fontaine
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vidal F, McQuade J, Lalancette R, Jäkle F. ROMP-Boranes as Moisture-Tolerant and Recyclable Lewis Acid Organocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14427-14431. [PMID: 32787237 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although widely used in catalysis, the multistep syntheses and high loadings typically employed are limiting broader implementation of highly active tailor-made arylborane Lewis acids and Lewis pairs. Attempts at developing recyclable systems have thus far met with limited success, as general and versatile platforms are yet to be developed. We demonstrate a novel approach that is based on the excellent control and functional group tolerance of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The ROMP of highly Lewis acidic borane-functionalized phenylnorbornenes afforded both a soluble linear copolymer and a cross-linked organogel. The polymers proved highly efficient as recyclable catalysts in the reductive N-alkylation of arylamines under mild conditions and at exceptionally low catalyst loadings. The modular design presented herein can be readily adapted to other finely tuned triarylboranes, enabling wide applications of ROMP-borane polymers as well-defined supported organocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - James McQuade
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| |
Collapse
|