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Marchi E, Muraca I, Berteotti M, Gori AM, Valenti R, Marcucci R. Adenosine in Interventional Cardiology: Physiopathologic and Pharmacologic Effects in Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5852. [PMID: 38892037 PMCID: PMC11172110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article focuses on the role of adenosine in coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosis and treatment. Adenosine, an endogenous purine nucleoside, plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Its release and effects, mediated by specific receptors, influence vasomotor function, blood pressure regulation, heart rate, and platelet activity. Adenosine therapeutic effects include treatment of the no-reflow phenomenon and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The production of adenosine involves complex cellular pathways, with extracellular and intracellular synthesis mechanisms. Adenosine's rapid metabolism underscores its short half-life and physiological turnover. Furthermore, adenosine's involvement in side effects of antiplatelet therapy, particularly ticagrelor and cangrelor, highlights its clinical significance. Moreover, adenosine serves as a valuable tool in CAD diagnosis, aiding stress testing modalities and guiding intracoronary physiological assessments. Its use in assessing epicardial stenosis and microvascular dysfunction is pivotal for treatment decisions. Overall, understanding adenosine's mechanisms and clinical implications is essential for optimizing CAD management strategies, encompassing both therapeutic interventions and diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Marchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Human Health Sciences, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Iacopo Muraca
- Division of Interventional Cardiology, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Berteotti
- Atherothrombotic Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy (R.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Gori
- Atherothrombotic Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy (R.M.)
| | - Renato Valenti
- Division of Interventional Cardiology, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Rossella Marcucci
- Atherothrombotic Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy (R.M.)
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Lei TH, Qin Q, Girard O, Mündel T, Wang R, Guo L, Cao Y. Caffeine intake enhances peak oxygen uptake and performance during high-intensity cycling exercise in moderate hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:537-549. [PMID: 37608124 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether caffeine consumption can enhance peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) by increasing peak ventilation during an incremental cycling test, and subsequently enhance time to exhaustion (TTE) during high-intensity cycling exercise in moderate normobaric hypoxia. METHODS We conducted a double-blind, placebo cross-over design study. Sixteen recreational male endurance athletes (age: 20 ± 2 years, [Formula: see text]: 55.6 ± 3.6 ml/kg/min, peak power output: 318 ± 40 W) underwent an incremental cycling test and a TTE test at 80% [Formula: see text] (derived from the placebo trial) in moderate normobaric hypoxia (fraction of inspired O2: 15.3 ± 0.2% corresponding to a simulated altitude of ~ 2500 m) after consuming either a moderate dose of caffeine (6 mg/kg) or a placebo. RESULTS Caffeine consumption resulted in a higher peak ventilation [159 ± 21 vs. 150 ± 26 L/min; P < 0.05; effect size (ES) = 0.31]. [Formula: see text] (3.58 ± 0.44 vs. 3.47 ± 0.47 L/min; P < 0.01; ES = 0.44) and peak power output (308 ± 44 vs. 302 ± 44 W; P = 0.02, ES = 0.14) were higher following caffeine consumption than during the placebo trial. During the TTE test, caffeine consumption enhanced minute ventilation (P = 0.02; ES = 0.28) and extended the TTE (426 ± 74 vs. 358 ± 75 s; P < 0.01, ES = 0.91) compared to the placebo trial. There was a positive correlation between the percent increase of [Formula: see text] following caffeine consumption and the percent increase in TTE (r = 0.49, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Moderate caffeine consumption stimulates breathing and aerobic metabolism, resulting in improved performance during incremental and high-intensity endurance exercises in moderate normobaric hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-Huan Lei
- College of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Qiyang Qin
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Toby Mündel
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Ran Wang
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Li Guo
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinhang Cao
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Cesarini D, Muraca I, Berteotti M, Gori AM, Sorrentino A, Bertelli A, Marcucci R, Valenti R. Pathophysiological and Molecular Basis of the Side Effects of Ticagrelor: Lessons from a Case Report. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10844. [PMID: 37446022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticagrelor is currently considered a first-line choice in dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following revascularization of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, its use is correlated with an increased incidence of two side effects, dyspnea and bradyarrhythmias, whose molecular mechanisms have not yet been defined with certainty and, consequently, neither of the therapeutic decisions they imply. We report the case of a patient with acute myocardial infarction treated with ticagrelor and aspirin as oral antithrombotic therapy after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), manifesting in a significant bradyarrhythmic episode that required a switch of antiplatelet therapy. Starting from this case report, this article aims to gather the currently available evidence regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying these side effects and propose possible decision-making algorithms regarding their management in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cesarini
- S.O.D. Cardiologia Interventistica d'Urgenza, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Iacopo Muraca
- S.O.D. Cardiologia Interventistica d'Urgenza, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Berteotti
- Atherothrombotic Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gori
- Atherothrombotic Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- Atherothrombotic Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertelli
- Atherothrombotic Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Rossella Marcucci
- Atherothrombotic Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Renato Valenti
- S.O.D. Cardiologia Interventistica d'Urgenza, AOU Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy
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CD73: Friend or Foe in Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065545. [PMID: 36982618 PMCID: PMC10056814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) plays a strategic role in calibrating the magnitude and chemical nature of purinergic signals that are delivered to immune cells. Its primary function is to convert extracellular ATP to adenosine in concert with ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39) in normal tissues to limit an excessive immune response in many pathophysiological events, such as lung injury induced by a variety of contributing factors. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the location of CD73, in proximity to adenosine receptor subtypes, indirectly determines its positive or negative effect in a variety of organs and tissues and that its action is affected by the transfer of nucleoside to subtype-specific adenosine receptors. Nonetheless, the bidirectional nature of CD73 as an emerging immune checkpoint in the pathogenesis of lung injury is still unknown. In this review, we explore the relationship between CD73 and the onset and progression of lung injury, highlighting the potential value of this molecule as a drug target for the treatment of pulmonary disease.
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Yan M, Shang H, Hao L, Guo X, Zheng H, Li H, Zhao Y. A preliminary study of dobutamine myocardial flow reserve on 99mTc-Sestamibi CZT-SPECT. Ann Nucl Med 2023; 37:349-359. [PMID: 36892730 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-023-01829-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With improved resolution and sensitivity, the cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detector measures myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) via single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Recently, many studies have used vasodilator stress to obtain quantitative indexes. However, dobutamine used as a pharmaceutical stress has been rarely used to quantify myocardial perfusion using CZT-SPECT. Our study retrospectively analyzed the blood flow performance of 99mTc-Sestamibi (99mTc -MIBI) CZT-SPECT comparing dobutamine to adenosine. PURPOSE The study aims to explore whether dobutamine stress can be used for the myocardial perfusion quantitative analysis via CZT-SPECT as well as compare dobutamine MBF and MFR to adenosine. METHODS It was a retrospective study. A total of 68 patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD) were consecutively enrolled in this study. Thirty-four patients underwent dobutamine stress 99mTc-MIBI CZT-SPECT. Another thirty-four patients underwent adenosine stress 99mTc-MIBI CZT-SPECT. Patient characteristics, myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) results, gated-myocardial perfusion imaging (G-MPI) results and quantitative analysis of MBF and MFR were collected. RESULTS In dobutamine stress group, stress MBF was significantly higher than rest MBF (median [interquartile range], 1.63 [1.46-1.94] vs. 0.89 [0.73-1.06], P < 0.001). In adenosine stress group, similar results were observed (median [interquartile range], 2.01 [1.34-2.20] vs. 0.88 [0.75-1.01], P < 0.001). When comparing the dobutamine and adenosine stress group, global MFR showed significant differences (median [interquartile range], the dobutamine group: 1.88 [1.67-2.38] vs. the adenosine group: 2.19 [1.87-2.64], P = 0.037). CONCLUSION MBF and MFR can be measured using dobutamine 99mTc -MIBI CZT-SPECT. In small sample single-center study, there was a difference in MFR produced by adenosine and dobutamine within the suspected or the known CAD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Hua Shang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| | - Luping Hao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Hongming Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yuchan Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
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Kanapeckaitė A, Mažeikienė A, Geris L, Burokienė N, Cottrell GS, Widera D. Computational pharmacology: New avenues for COVID-19 therapeutics search and better preparedness for future pandemic crises. Biophys Chem 2022; 290:106891. [PMID: 36137310 PMCID: PMC9464258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented global healthcare emergency prompting the exploration of new therapeutic avenues, including drug repurposing. A large number of ongoing studies revealed pervasive issues in clinical research, such as the lack of accessible and organised data. Moreover, current shortcomings in clinical studies highlighted the need for a multi-faceted approach to tackle this health crisis. Thus, we set out to explore and develop new strategies for drug repositioning by employing computational pharmacology, data mining, systems biology, and computational chemistry to advance shared efforts in identifying key targets, affected networks, and potential pharmaceutical intervention options. Our study revealed that formulating pharmacological strategies should rely on both therapeutic targets and their networks. We showed how data mining can reveal regulatory patterns, capture novel targets, alert about side-effects, and help identify new therapeutic avenues. We also highlighted the importance of the miRNA regulatory layer and how this information could be used to monitor disease progression or devise treatment strategies. Importantly, our work bridged the interactome with the chemical compound space to better understand the complex landscape of COVID-19 drugs. Machine and deep learning allowed us to showcase limitations in current chemical libraries for COVID-19 suggesting that both in silico and experimental analyses should be combined to retrieve therapeutically valuable compounds. Based on the gathered data, we strongly advocate for taking this opportunity to establish robust practices for treating today's and future infectious diseases by preparing solid analytical frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austė Kanapeckaitė
- AK Consulting, Laisvės g. 7, LT 12007 Vilnius, Lithuania,Corresponding author
| | - Asta Mažeikienė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11 (B34), Liège 4000, Belgium,Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C (2419), Leuven 3001, Belgium,Skeletel Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 (813), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Neringa Burokienė
- Clinics of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio str. 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Graeme S. Cottrell
- University of Reading, School of Pharmacy, Hopkins Building, Reading RG6 6UB, United Kingdom
| | - Darius Widera
- University of Reading, School of Pharmacy, Hopkins Building, Reading RG6 6UB, United Kingdom
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Akhunzada MJ, Yoon HJ, Deb I, Braka A, Wu S. Bell-Evans model and steered molecular dynamics in uncovering the dissociation kinetics of ligands targeting G-protein-coupled receptors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15972. [PMID: 36153364 PMCID: PMC9509322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRecently, academic and industrial scientific communities involved in kinetics-based drug development have become immensely interested in predicting the drug target residence time. Screening drug candidates in terms of their computationally predicted residence times, which is a measure of drug efficacy in vivo, and simultaneously assessing computational binding affinities are becoming inevitable. Non-equilibrium molecular simulation approaches are proven to be useful in this purpose. Here, we have implemented an optimized approach of combining the data derived from steered molecular dynamics simulations and the Bell-Evans model to predict the absolute residence times of the antagonist ZMA241385 and agonist NECA that target the A2A adenosine receptor of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) protein family. We have predicted the absolute ligand residence times on the timescale of seconds. However, our predictions were many folds shorter than those determined experimentally. Additionally, we calculated the thermodynamics of ligand binding in terms of ligand binding energies and the per-residue contribution of the receptor. Subsequently, binding pocket hotspot residues that would be important for further computational mutagenesis studies were identified. In the experiment, similar sets of residues were found to be in significant contact with both ligands under study. Our results build a strong foundation for further improvement of our approach by rationalizing the kinetics of ligand unbinding with the thermodynamics of ligand binding.
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Zhang T, Yu-Jing L, Ma T. The immunomodulatory function of adenosine in sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936547. [PMID: 35958599 PMCID: PMC9357910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an unsolved clinical condition with a substantial mortality rate in the hospital. Despite decades of research, no effective treatments for sepsis exists. The role of adenosine in the pathogenesis of sepsis is discussed in this paper. Adenosine is an essential endogenous molecule that activates the A1, A2a, A2b, and A3 adenosine receptors to regulate tissue function. These receptors are found on a wide range of immune cells and bind adenosine, which helps to control the immune response to inflammation. The adenosine receptors have many regulatory activities that determine the onset and progression of the disease, which have been discovered via the use of animal models. A greater understanding of the role of adenosine in modulating the immune system has sparked hope that an adenosine receptor-targeted treatment may be used one day to treat sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Yu-Jing
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Ma,
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Matsukane R, Suetsugu K, Hirota T, Ieiri I. Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Fostamatinib and Its Active Moiety R406. Clin Pharmacokinet 2022; 61:955-972. [PMID: 35781630 PMCID: PMC9250994 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-022-01135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fostamatinib is the first approved spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor for chronic immune thrombocytopenia. This review summarizes the clinical development, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug-drug interactions, adverse events, and comprehensive analyses of fostamatinib. While integrating these findings, we discuss the fostering and improvement of fostamatinib for further clinical applications. Fostamatinib is designed as a prodrug and cleavage of its active moiety R406 in the intestine. As R406 is the major product in the blood, this review mainly discusses the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of R406. It is metabolized by cytochrome 3A4 and UGT1A9 in the liver and is dominantly excreted in feces after anaerobic modification by the gut microbiota. As fostamatinib and R406 strongly inhibit the breast cancer resistance protein, the interaction with those substrates, particularly statins, should be carefully monitored. In patients with immune thrombocytopenia, fostamatinib administration started at 100 mg twice daily, and most patients increased to 150 mg twice daily in the clinical trial. Although responders showed a higher R406 concentration than non-responders, the correlation between R406 exposure and achievement of the platelet count as a pharmacodynamic marker was uncertain in the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. Additionally, R406 concentration was almost halved in patients with a heavy body weight; hence, the exposure-efficacy study for suitable dosing should be continued with post-marketing data. In contrast, the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis for exposure safety revealed that R406 exposure significantly correlated with the incidence of hypertension. Even though the influence of elevated exposure on other toxicities, including diarrhea and neutropenia, is still unclear, careful management is required with dose escalation to avoid toxicity-related discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takeshi Hirota
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Ieiri
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
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Suchankova A, Stampelou M, Koutsouki K, Pousias A, Dhingra L, Barkan K, Pouli N, Marakos P, Tenta R, Kolocouris A, Lougiakis N, Ladds G. Discovery of a High Affinity Adenosine A 1/A 3 Receptor Antagonist with a Novel 7-Amino-pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyridazine Scaffold. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:923-934. [PMID: 35707146 PMCID: PMC9190043 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Here we describe
the design and synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazines
as adenosine receptor (AR) ligands. We demonstrate
that the introduction of a 3-phenyl group, together with a 7-benzylamino
and 1-methyl group at the pyrazolopyridazine scaffold, generated the
antagonist compound 10b, which displayed 21 nM affinity
and a residence time of ∼60 min, for the human A1R, 55 nM affinity and a residence time of ∼73 min, for the
human A3R and 1.7 μΜ affinity for the human
A2BR while not being toxic. Strikingly, the 2-methyl analog
of 10b, 15b, had no significant affinity.
Docking calculations and molecular dynamics simulations of the ligands
inside the orthosteric binding area suggested that the 2-methyl group
in 15b hinders the formation of hydrogen bonding interactions
with N6.55 which are considered critical for the stabilization
inside the orthosteric binding cavity. We, therefore, demonstrate
that 10a is a novel scaffold for the development of high
affinity AR ligands. From the mutagenesis experiments the biggest
effect was observed for the Y2717.46A mutation which caused
an ∼10-fold reduction in the binding affinity of 10b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Suchankova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, U.K
| | - Margarita Stampelou
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Klontiana Koutsouki
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Pousias
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Lakshiv Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, U.K
| | - Kerry Barkan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, U.K
| | - Nicole Pouli
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Marakos
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Roxane Tenta
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Kolocouris
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Lougiakis
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, U.K
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Eosinophils in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Key Contributors to Neuro-Immune Crosstalk and Potential Implications in Disorders of Brain-Gut Interaction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101644. [PMID: 35626681 PMCID: PMC9139532 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are innate immune granulocytes actively involved in defensive responses and in local and systemic inflammatory processes. Beyond these effector roles, eosinophils are fundamental to maintaining homeostasis in the tissues they reside. Gastrointestinal eosinophils modulate barrier function and mucosal immunity and promote tissue development through their direct communication with almost every cellular component. This is possible thanks to the variety of receptors they express and the bioactive molecules they store and release, including cytotoxic proteins, cytokines, growth factors, and neuropeptides and neurotrophines. A growing body of evidence points to the eosinophil as a key neuro-immune player in the regulation of gastrointestinal function, with potential implications in pathophysiological processes. Eosinophil–neuron interactions are facilitated by chemotaxis and adhesion molecules, and the mediators released may have excitatory or inhibitory effects on each cell type, with physiological consequences dependent on the type of innervation involved. Of special interest are the disorders of the brain–gut interaction (DBGIs), mainly functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), in which mucosal eosinophilia and eosinophil activation have been identified. In this review, we summarize the main roles of gastrointestinal eosinophils in supporting gut homeostasis and the evidence available on eosinophil–neuron interactions to bring new insights that support the fundamental role of this neuro-immune crosstalk in maintaining gut health and contributing to the pathophysiology of DBGIs.
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Xiao Q, Han X, Liu G, Zhou D, Zhang L, He J, Xu H, Zhou P, Yang Q, Chen J, Zhou J, Jiang G, Yao Z. Adenosine restrains ILC2-driven allergic airway inflammation via A2A receptor. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:338-350. [PMID: 34921233 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2s) play important roles in driving the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation, the molecular mechanisms regulating ILC2 responses remain to be fully elucidated. Adenosine signaling is emerging as an important factor to limit excessive inflammation and tissue damage, its role in ILC2-driven airway inflammation remains to be understood. Here we identify adenosine as a negative regulator of ILC2s and allergic airway inflammation. Elevation of adenosine was observed in lungs after protease papain challenge. Adenosine receptor A2A was abundantly expressed in lung ILC2s. The adenosine analog NECA significantly suppress ILC2s responses and relieved airway inflammation induced by IL-33 or papain. Conversely, blockage of adenosine synthesis by CD73 inhibitor APCP or deficiency of A2A aggravated murine airway inflammation. Adoptive transfer of ILC2s into immunodeficiency NCG mice demonstrated that the regulation of ILC2 by adenosine was cell intrinsic. Mechanistic studies showed that the effects of adenosine on ILC2s were associated with changes in transcriptional profiling, and the elevation of intracellular cAMP and resulted NF-κB downregulation. These observations indicate that adenosine-A2A signaling is a negative regulator of ILC2s, which confers protection against airway inflammation and represents a novel therapeutic target for controlling asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Clinical laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xu Han
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan He
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangfan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Guanmin Jiang
- Department of Clinical laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Zhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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13
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Adikusuma W, Chou WH, Lin MR, Ting J, Irham LM, Perwitasari DA, Chang WP, Chang WC. Identification of Druggable Genes for Asthma by Integrated Genomic Network Analysis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010113. [PMID: 35052792 PMCID: PMC8773254 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common and heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. Currently, the two main types of asthma medicines are inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists (LABAs). In addition, biological drugs provide another therapeutic option, especially for patients with severe asthma. However, these drugs were less effective in preventing severe asthma exacerbation, and other drug options are still limited. Herein, we extracted asthma-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) catalog and prioritized candidate genes through five functional annotations. Genes enriched in more than two categories were defined as “biological asthma risk genes.” Then, DrugBank was used to match target genes with FDA-approved medications and identify candidate drugs for asthma. We discovered 139 biological asthma risk genes and identified 64 drugs targeting 22 of these genes. Seven of them were approved for asthma, including reslizumab, mepolizumab, theophylline, dyphylline, aminophylline, oxtriphylline, and enprofylline. We also found 17 drugs with clinical or preclinical evidence in treating asthma. In addition, eleven of the 40 candidate drugs were further identified as promising asthma therapy. Noteworthy, IL6R is considered a target for asthma drug repurposing based on its high target scores. Through in silico drug repurposing approach, we identified sarilumab and satralizumab as the most promising drug for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirawan Adikusuma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (W.A.); (W.-H.C.); (M.-R.L.); (J.T.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram 83127, Indonesia
| | - Wan-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (W.A.); (W.-H.C.); (M.-R.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Min-Rou Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (W.A.); (W.-H.C.); (M.-R.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Jafit Ting
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (W.A.); (W.-H.C.); (M.-R.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Lalu Muhammad Irham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia; (L.M.I.); (D.A.P.)
| | - Dyah Aryani Perwitasari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia; (L.M.I.); (D.A.P.)
| | - Wei-Pin Chang
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-P.C.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (W.A.); (W.-H.C.); (M.-R.L.); (J.T.)
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-P.C.); (W.-C.C.)
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14
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Ooka T, Zhu Z, Liang L, Celedon JC, Harmon B, Hahn A, Rhee EP, Freishtat RJ, Camargo CA, Hasegawa K. Integrative genetics-metabolomics analysis of infant bronchiolitis-childhood asthma link: A multicenter prospective study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1111723. [PMID: 36818476 PMCID: PMC9936313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1111723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infants with bronchiolitis are at high risk for developing childhood asthma. While genome-wide association studies suggest common genetic susceptibilities between these conditions, the mechanisms underlying the link remain unclear. Objective Through integrated genetics-metabolomics analysis in this high-risk population, we sought to identify genetically driven metabolites associated with asthma development and genetic loci associated with both these metabolites and asthma susceptibility. Methods In a multicenter prospective cohort study of infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis, we profiled the nasopharyngeal metabolome and genotyped the whole genome at hospitalization. We identified asthma-related metabolites from 283 measured compounds and conducted metabolite quantitative trait loci (mtQTL) analyses. We further examined the mtQTL associations by testing shared genetic loci for metabolites and asthma using colocalization analysis and the concordance between the loci and known asthma-susceptibility genes. Results In 744 infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis, 28 metabolites (e.g., docosapentaenoate [DPA], 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, sphingomyelin) were associated with asthma risk. A total of 349 loci were associated with these metabolites-161 for non-Hispanic white, 120 for non-Hispanic black, and 68 for Hispanics. Of these, there was evidence for 30 shared loci between 16 metabolites and asthma risk (colocalization posterior probability ≥0.5). The significant SNPs within loci were aligned with known asthma-susceptibility genes (e.g., ADORA1, MUC16). Conclusion The integrated genetics-metabolomics analysis identified genetically driven metabolites during infancy that are associated with asthma development and genetic loci associated with both these metabolites and asthma susceptibility. Identifying these metabolites and genetic loci should advance research into the functional mechanisms of the infant bronchiolitis-childhood asthma link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Ooka
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Health Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tadao Ooka,
| | - Zhaozhong Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Liming Liang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Juan C. Celedon
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brennan Harmon
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Andrea Hahn
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Eugene P. Rhee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert J. Freishtat
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Carlos A. Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kohei Hasegawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Bhadra A, Hewes JL, Scruggs A, Zhou C, Lee JY, Bauer N. Extracellular cAMP: The Past and Visiting the Future in cAMP-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2101064. [PMID: 34713635 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is recently discovered that the cyclic nucleotide, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can be enriched in the extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from endothelial cells. In the current perspective a historical context for the discovery of the extracellular cAMP is provided. The story of extracellular cAMP through investigations addressing the molecule's role in the adenosine pathway is followed, which is widespread in mammalian physiology. The adenosine pathway mediates normal physiological conditions such as renin release, phosphate transport, etc., and participates in pathological conditions such as bronchoconstriction of the airways. Furthermore, adenosine mediated biological pathways are regulated via the receptor mediated intracellular cAMP pathway in mammalian cells. It then speculates on the question of whether cAMP enriched EVs could bypass typical receptor mediated cell signaling and directly activate cAMP signaling cascade in target cells. Preliminary studies to suggest cAMP enriched EVs are provided, added to naïve endothelial cells, results in an increase in intracellular cAMP. An alternate mechanism is proposed, apart from the traditional adenosine pathway, that extracellular cAMP may exert its effects and put into perspective how it might consider circulating cAMP moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Bhadra
- University of South Alabama, 307 North University Blvd, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Jenny L Hewes
- University of South Alabama, 307 North University Blvd, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - April Scruggs
- University of South Alabama, 307 North University Blvd, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Chun Zhou
- University of South Alabama, 307 North University Blvd, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Ji Young Lee
- University of South Alabama, 307 North University Blvd, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Natalie Bauer
- University of South Alabama, 307 North University Blvd, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
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16
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Extracellular metabolism of 3',5'-cyclic AMP as a source of interstitial adenosine in the rat airways. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114713. [PMID: 34331910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the respiratory tract, intracellular 3',5'-cAMP mediates smooth muscle relaxation triggered by the β2-adrenoceptor/Gs protein/adenylyl cyclase axis. More recently, we have shown that β2-adrenoceptor agonists also increase extracellular 3',5'-cAMP levels in isolated rat trachea, which leads to contraction of airway smooth muscle. In many other tissues, extracellular 3',5'-cAMP is metabolized by ectoenzymes to extracellular adenosine, a catabolic pathway that has never been addressed in airways. In order to evaluate the possible extracellular degradation of 3',5'-cAMP into 5'-AMP and adenosine in the airways, isolated rat tracheas were incubated with exogenous 3',5'-cAMP and the amount of 5'-AMP, adenosine and inosine (adenosine metabolite) produced was evaluated using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Incubation of tracheal tissue with 3',5'-cAMP induced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in 5'-AMP, adenosine and inosine in the medium. Importantly, IBMX (non-selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor) and DPSPX (selective ecto-PDE inhibitor) reduced the extracellular conversion of 3',5'-cAMP to 5'-AMP. In addition, incubation of 3',5'-cAMP in the presence of AMPCP (inhibitor of ecto-5'-nucleotidase) increased extracellular levels of 5'-AMP while drastically reducing extracellular levels of adenosine and inosine. These results indicate that airways express an extracellular enzymatic system (ecto-phosphodiesterase, ecto-5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase) that sequentially converts 3',5'-cAMP into 5'-AMP, adenosine and inosine. The observation that extracellular 3',5'-cAMP is a source of interstitial adenosine supports the idea that the extrusion and extracellular metabolism of 3',5'-cAMP has a role in respiratory physiology and pathophysiology.
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17
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Matthee C, Terre'Blanche G, Legoabe LJ, Janse van Rensburg HD. Exploration of chalcones and related heterocycle compounds as ligands of adenosine receptors: therapeutics development. Mol Divers 2021; 26:1779-1821. [PMID: 34176057 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) are ubiquitously distributed throughout the mammalian body where they are involved in an extensive list of physiological and pathological processes that scientists have only begun to decipher. Resultantly, AR agonists and antagonists have been the focus of multiple drug design and development programmes within the past few decades. Considered to be a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry, the chalcone framework has attracted a substantial amount of interest in this regard. Due to the potential liabilities associated with its structure, however, it has become necessary to explore other potentially promising compounds, such as heterocycles, which have successfully been obtained from chalcone precursors in the past. This review aims to summarise the emerging therapeutic importance of adenosine receptors and their ligands, especially in the central nervous system (CNS), while highlighting chalcone and heterocyclic derivatives as promising AR ligand lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisna Matthee
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Gisella Terre'Blanche
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa.,Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Helena D Janse van Rensburg
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa.
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18
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Sharma P, Penn RB. Can GPCRs Be Targeted to Control Inflammation in Asthma? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:1-20. [PMID: 34019260 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the drugs used to manage obstructive lung diseases (OLDs), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) either (1) directly regulate airway contraction by blocking or relaxing airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction or (2) indirectly regulate ASM contraction by inhibiting the principal cause of ASM contraction/bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation. To date, these tasks have been respectively assigned to two diverse drug types: agonists/antagonists of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and inhaled or systemic steroids. These two types of drugs "stay in their lane" with respect to their actions and consequently require the addition of the other drug to effectively manage both inflammation and bronchoconstriction in OLDs. Indeed, it has been speculated that safety issues historically associated with beta-agonist use (beta-agonists activate the beta-2-adrenoceptor (β2AR) on airway smooth muscle (ASM) to provide bronchoprotection/bronchorelaxation) are a function of pro-inflammatory actions of β2AR agonism. Recently, however, previously unappreciated roles of various GPCRs on ASM contractility and on airway inflammation have been elucidated, raising the possibility that novel GPCR ligands targeting these GPCRs can be developed as anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Moreover, we now know that many GPCRs can be "tuned" and not just turned "off" or "on" to specifically activate the beneficial therapeutic signaling a receptor can transduce while avoiding detrimental signaling. Thus, the fledging field of biased agonism pharmacology has the potential to turn the β2AR into an anti-inflammatory facilitator in asthma, possibly reducing or eliminating the need for steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Sharma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Medicine Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Center for Translational Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Medicine Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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19
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Application of Metabolomics in Pediatric Asthma: Prediction, Diagnosis and Personalized Treatment. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040251. [PMID: 33919626 PMCID: PMC8072856 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma in children remains a significant public health challenge affecting 5–20% of children in Europe and is associated with increased morbidity and societal healthcare costs. The high variation in asthma incidence among countries may be attributed to differences in genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. This respiratory disorder is described as a heterogeneous syndrome of multiple clinical manifestations (phenotypes) with varying degrees of severity and airway hyper-responsiveness, which is based on patient symptoms, lung function and response to pharmacotherapy. However, an accurate diagnosis is often difficult due to diversities in clinical presentation. Therefore, identifying early diagnostic biomarkers and improving the monitoring of airway dysfunction and inflammatory through non-invasive methods are key goals in successful pediatric asthma management. Given that asthma is caused by the interaction between genes and environmental factors, an emerging approach, metabolomics—the systematic analysis of small molecules—can provide more insight into asthma pathophysiological mechanisms, enable the identification of early biomarkers and targeted personalized therapies, thus reducing disease burden and societal cost. The purpose of this review is to present evidence on the utility of metabolomics in pediatric asthma through the analysis of intermediate metabolites of biochemical pathways that involve carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, organic acids and nucleotides and discuss their potential application in clinical practice. Also, current challenges on the integration of metabolomics in pediatric asthma management and needed next steps are critically discussed.
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20
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Boknik P, Eskandar J, Hofmann B, Zimmermann N, Neumann J, Gergs U. Role of Cardiac A 2A Receptors Under Normal and Pathophysiological Conditions. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:627838. [PMID: 33574762 PMCID: PMC7871008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.627838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents an overview of cardiac A2A-adenosine receptors The localization of A2A-AR in the various cell types that encompass the heart and the role they play in force regulation in various mammalian species are depicted. The putative signal transduction systems of A2A-AR in cells in the living heart, as well as the known interactions of A2A-AR with membrane-bound receptors, will be addressed. The possible role that the receptors play in some relevant cardiac pathologies, such as persistent or transient ischemia, hypoxia, sepsis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and arrhythmias, will be reviewed. Moreover, the cardiac utility of A2A-AR as therapeutic targets for agonistic and antagonistic drugs will be discussed. Gaps in our knowledge about the cardiac function of A2A-AR and future research needs will be identified and formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Boknik
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - J. Eskandar
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - B. Hofmann
- Cardiac Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - N. Zimmermann
- Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - U. Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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21
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Caiazzo E, Cerqua I, Riemma MA, Turiello R, Ialenti A, Schrader J, Fiume G, Caiazza C, Roviezzo F, Morello S, Cicala C. Exacerbation of Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice Lacking ECTO-5'-Nucleotidase (CD73). Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:589343. [PMID: 33328996 PMCID: PMC7734328 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.589343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The airways are a target tissue of type I allergies and atopy is the main etiological factor of bronchial asthma. A predisposition to allergy and individual response to allergens are dependent upon environmental and host factors. Early studies performed to clarify the role of extracellular adenosine in the airways highlighted the importance of adenosine-generating enzymes CD73, together with CD39, as an innate protection system against lung injury. In experimental animals, deletion of CD73 has been associated with immune and autoimmune diseases. Our experiments have been performed to investigate the role of CD73 in the assessment of allergic airway inflammation following sensitization. We found that in CD73−/− mice sensitization, induced by subcutaneous ovalbumin (OVA) administration, increased signs of airway inflammation and atopy developed, characterized by high IgE plasma levels and increased pulmonary cytokines, reduced frequency of lung CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells, but without bronchial hyperreactivity, compared to sensitized wild type mice. Our results provide evidence that the lack of CD73 causes an uncontrolled allergic sensitization, suggesting that CD73 is a key molecule at the interface between innate and adaptive immune response. The knowledge of host immune factors controlling allergic sensitization is of crucial importance and might help to find preventive interventions that could act before an allergy develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Caiazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Cerqua
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Riemma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Turiello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Armando Ialenti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jurgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Caiazza
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Fiorentina Roviezzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carla Cicala
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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22
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Espinosa-Riquer ZP, Segura-Villalobos D, Ramírez-Moreno IG, Pérez Rodríguez MJ, Lamas M, Gonzalez-Espinosa C. Signal Transduction Pathways Activated by Innate Immunity in Mast Cells: Translating Sensing of Changes into Specific Responses. Cells 2020; 9:E2411. [PMID: 33158024 PMCID: PMC7693401 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) constitute an essential cell lineage that participates in innate and adaptive immune responses and whose phenotype and function are influenced by tissue-specific conditions. Their mechanisms of activation in type I hypersensitivity reactions have been the subject of multiple studies, but the signaling pathways behind their activation by innate immunity stimuli are not so well described. Here, we review the recent evidence regarding the main molecular elements and signaling pathways connecting the innate immune receptors and hypoxic microenvironment to cytokine synthesis and the secretion of soluble or exosome-contained mediators in this cell type. When known, the positive and negative control mechanisms of those pathways are presented, together with their possible implications for the understanding of mast cell-driven chronic inflammation. Finally, we discuss the relevance of the knowledge about signaling in this cell type in the recognition of MCs as central elements on innate immunity, whose remarkable plasticity converts them in sensors of micro-environmental discontinuities and controllers of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Gonzalez-Espinosa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur. Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Mexico City 14330, Mexico; (Z.P.E.-R.); (D.S.-V.); (I.G.R.-M.); (M.J.P.R.); (M.L.)
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Krakowiak A, Kuleta J, Plech I, Zarębiński M, Wojciechowska M, Wretowski D, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. Ticagrelor-Related Severe Dyspnoea: Mechanisms, Characteristic Features, Differential Diagnosis and Treatment. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CASE REPORTS 2020; 13:1179547620956634. [PMID: 33100831 PMCID: PMC7550933 DOI: 10.1177/1179547620956634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With a growing number of patients on ticagrelor therapy after stent
implantation, we observe many cases of side effects of the drug,
mostly dyspnoea and bradycardia. In our article we present 2 patients,
in which the symptoms were particularly severe. Then we describe
possible mechanisms of these complications, explain how to carry out
differential diagnosis, discuss when to switch ticagrelor to other
antiplatelet drug and finally we present the way to deal with the
symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Krakowiak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Kuleta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Plech
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Zarębiński
- Invasive Cardiology Unit, Independent Public Specialist Western Hospital John Paul II in Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wojciechowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Invasive Cardiology Unit, Independent Public Specialist Western Hospital John Paul II in Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
| | - Dominik Wretowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology with the Centre for Management of Venous Thromboembolic Disease, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Aboumanei MH, Mahmoud AF. Design and development of a proniosomal transdermal drug delivery system of caffeine for management of migraine: In vitro characterization, 131I-radiolabeling and in vivo biodistribution studies. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Deb PK, Deka S, Borah P, Abed SN, Klotz KN. Medicinal Chemistry and Therapeutic Potential of Agonists, Antagonists and Allosteric Modulators of A1 Adenosine Receptor: Current Status and Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2697-2715. [PMID: 31333094 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a purine nucleoside, responsible for the regulation of a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological conditions by binding with four G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), namely A1, A2A, A2B and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). In particular, A1 AR is ubiquitously present, mediating a variety of physiological processes throughout the body, thus represents a promising drug target for the management of various pathological conditions. Agonists of A1 AR are found to be useful for the treatment of atrial arrhythmia, angina, type-2 diabetes, glaucoma, neuropathic pain, epilepsy, depression and Huntington's disease, whereas antagonists are being investigated for the treatment of diuresis, congestive heart failure, asthma, COPD, anxiety and dementia. However, treatment with full A1 AR agonists has been associated with numerous challenges like cardiovascular side effects, off-target activation as well as desensitization of A1 AR leading to tachyphylaxis. In this regard, partial agonists of A1 AR have been found to be beneficial in enhancing insulin sensitivity and subsequently reducing blood glucose level, while avoiding severe CVS side effects and tachyphylaxis. Allosteric enhancer of A1 AR is found to be potent for the treatment of neuropathic pain, culminating the side effects related to off-target tissue activation of A1 AR. This review provides an overview of the medicinal chemistry and therapeutic potential of various agonists/partial agonists, antagonists and allosteric modulators of A1 AR, with a particular emphasis on their current status and future perspectives in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pran Kishore Deb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box - 1, 19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Satyendra Deka
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandrapur Road, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-26, Assam, India
| | - Pobitra Borah
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandrapur Road, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-26, Assam, India
| | - Sara N Abed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box - 1, 19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- University of Würzburg, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Versbacher Str. 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
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26
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Effendi WI, Nagano T, Kobayashi K, Nishimura Y. Focusing on Adenosine Receptors as a Potential Targeted Therapy in Human Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:E785. [PMID: 32213945 PMCID: PMC7140859 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is involved in a range of physiological and pathological effects through membrane-bound receptors linked to G proteins. There are four subtypes of adenosine receptors, described as A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR, which are the center of cAMP signal pathway-based drug development. Several types of agonists, partial agonists or antagonists, and allosteric substances have been synthesized from these receptors as new therapeutic drug candidates. Research efforts surrounding A1AR and A2AAR are perhaps the most enticing because of their concentration and affinity; however, as a consequence of distressing conditions, both A2BAR and A3AR levels might accumulate. This review focuses on the biological features of each adenosine receptor as the basis of ligand production and describes clinical studies of adenosine receptor-associated pharmaceuticals in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwin Is Effendi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Kazuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
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Gumber D, Yadav D, Yadav R, Kachler S, Klotz KN. Bronchospasmolytic activity and adenosine receptor binding of some newer 1,3-dipropyl-8-phenyl substituted xanthine derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 95:600-609. [PMID: 32100461 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aldehyde derivatives of 1,3-dipropyl xanthines as described in this paper, constitutes a new series of selective adenosine ligands displaying bronchospasmolytic activity. The effect of substitution at third- and fourth-position of 8-phenyl xanthine has also been taken into consideration. The synthesized compounds showed varying binding affinities at different adenosine receptor subtypes (A1 , A2A , A2B , and A3 ) and also good in vivo bronchospasmolytic activity against histamine aerosol-induced asthma in guinea pigs. Most of the compounds showed maximum affinity toward the A2A receptor subtype. The monosubstituted 3-aminoalkoxyl 8-phenyl xanthine with a aminodiethyl moiety (compound 12e) was found to be most potent A2A adenosine receptor ligand (Ki = 0.036 µM) followed by disubstituted 4-aminoalkoxyl-3-methoxy-8-phenyl xanthine (Ki = 0.050 µM) (compound 10a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gumber
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India
| | - Divya Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India
| | - Rakesh Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India
| | - Sonja Kachler
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karl Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Zyma M, Pawliczak R. Characteristics and the role of purinergic receptors in pathophysiology with focus on immune response. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 39:97-117. [PMID: 32037918 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1723582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) is mostly thought to be energy carrier, but evidence presented in multiple studies proves ATP involvement into variety of processes, due to its neuromodulatory capabilities. ATP and its metabolite-adenosine, bind to the purinergic receptors, which are divided into two types: adenosine binding P1 receptor and ADP/ATP binding P2 receptor. These receptors are expressed in different tissues and organs. Recent studies report their immunomodulatory characteristics, connected with varying immunological processes, such as immunological response or antigen presentation. Besides, they seem to play an important role in medical conditions such as bronchial asthma or variety of cancers. In this article, we would like to review recent discoveries on the field of purinergic receptors research focusing on their role in immunological system, and shed a new light upon the importance of these receptors in modern medicine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Zyma
- Department of Immunopathology, Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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29
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Deb PK. Progress in the Development of Agonists, Antagonists and Allosteric Modulators of Adenosine Receptors. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2695-2696. [DOI: 10.2174/138161282525190916100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pran Kishore Deb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box 1, 19392, Amman, Jordan
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30
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Burggren AC, Shirazi A, Ginder N, London ED. Cannabis effects on brain structure, function, and cognition: considerations for medical uses of cannabis and its derivatives. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2019; 45:563-579. [PMID: 31365275 PMCID: PMC7027431 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2019.1634086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance worldwide, and legalization for recreational and medical purposes has substantially increased its availability and use in the United States.Objectives: Decades of research have suggested that recreational cannabis use confers risk for cognitive impairment across various domains, and structural and functional differences in the brain have been linked to early and heavy cannabis use.Methods: With substantial evidence for the role of the endocannabinoid system in neural development and understanding that brain development continues into early adulthood, the rising use of cannabis in adolescents and young adults raises major concerns. Yet some formulations of cannabinoid compounds are FDA-approved for medical uses, including applications in children.Results: Potential effects on the trajectory of brain morphology and cognition, therefore, should be considered. The goal of this review is to update and consolidate relevant findings in order to inform attitudes and public policy regarding the recreational and medical use of cannabis and cannabinoid compounds.Conclusions: The findings point to considerations for age limits and guidelines for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C Burggren
- Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Anaheed Shirazi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Ginder
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edythe D. London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, and the Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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31
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Shaik K, Deb PK, Mailavaram RP, Chandrasekaran B, Kachler S, Klotz K, Jaber AMY. 7‐Amino‐2‐aryl/hetero‐aryl‐5‐oxo‐5,8‐dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐6‐carbonitriles: Synthesis and adenosine receptor binding studies. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 94:1568-1573. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khasim Shaik
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy Bhimavaram, West Godavari India
| | | | - Raghu Prasad Mailavaram
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy Bhimavaram, West Godavari India
| | | | - Sonja Kachler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Karl‐Norbert Klotz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
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32
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Yang X, van Veldhoven JPD, Offringa J, Kuiper BJ, Lenselink EB, Heitman LH, van der Es D, IJzerman AP. Development of Covalent Ligands for G Protein-Coupled Receptors: A Case for the Human Adenosine A 3 Receptor. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3539-3552. [PMID: 30869893 PMCID: PMC6466477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of covalent ligands for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is not a trivial process. Here, we report a streamlined workflow thereto from synthesis to validation, exemplified by the discovery of a covalent antagonist for the human adenosine A3 receptor (hA3AR). Based on the 1 H,3 H-pyrido[2,1- f]purine-2,4-dione scaffold, a series of ligands bearing a fluorosulfonyl warhead and a varying linker was synthesized. This series was subjected to an affinity screen, revealing compound 17b as the most potent antagonist. In addition, a nonreactive methylsulfonyl derivative 19 was developed as a reversible control compound. A series of assays, comprising time-dependent affinity determination, washout experiments, and [35S]GTPγS binding assays, then validated 17b as the covalent antagonist. A combined in silico hA3AR-homology model and site-directed mutagenesis study was performed to demonstrate that amino acid residue Y2657.36 was the unique anchor point of the covalent interaction. This workflow might be applied to other GPCRs to guide the discovery of covalent ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus P D van Veldhoven
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Offringa
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Boaz J Kuiper
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Eelke B Lenselink
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Daan van der Es
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands
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33
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Ali EMH, Abdel-Maksoud MS, Oh CH. Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine as a promising scaffold in medicinal chemistry: Recent advances. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1159-1194. [PMID: 30826188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thienopyrimidine scaffold is a fused heterocyclic ring system that structurally can be considered as adenine, the purine base that is found in both DNA and RNA-bioisosteres. Thienopyrimidines exist in three distinct isomeric forms. The current review discusses thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine as a one of the opulent heterocycles in drug discovery. Its broad range of medical applications such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and CNS protective agents has inspired us to study its structure-activity relationship (SAR), along with its relevant synthetic strategies. The present review briefly summarizes synthetic approaches for the preparation of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. In addition, the promising biological activities of this scaffold are also illustrated with explanatory diagrams for their SAR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam M H Ali
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Sridhar S, Liu H, Pham TH, Damera G, Newbold P. Modulation of blood inflammatory markers by benralizumab in patients with eosinophilic airway diseases. Respir Res 2019; 20:14. [PMID: 30658649 PMCID: PMC6339432 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0968-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Benralizumab, a humanized, afucosylated, monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-5 receptor α, depletes eosinophils and basophils by enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. It demonstrated efficacy for patients with moderate to severe asthma and, in a Phase IIa trial, for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with eosinophilic inflammation. We investigated effects of benralizumab 100 mg every 8 weeks (first three doses every 4 weeks) subcutaneous on blood inflammatory markers through proteomic and gene-expression analyses collected during two Phase II studies of patients with eosinophilic asthma and eosinophilic COPD. Methods Serum samples for proteomic analysis and whole blood for gene expression analysis were collected at baseline and 52 weeks (asthma study) or 32 weeks (COPD study) post-treatment. Proteomic analyses were conducted on a custom set of 90 and 147 Rules-Based Medicine analytes for asthma and COPD, respectively. Gene expression was profiled by Affymetrix Human Genome U133 plus 2 arrays (~ 54 K probes). Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was used to determine transcriptomic activity of immune signatures. Treatment-related differences between analytes, genes, and gene signatures were analyzed for the overall population and for patient subgroups stratified by baseline blood eosinophil count (eosinophil-high [≥300 cells/μL] and eosinophil-low [< 300 cells/μL]) via t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results Eosinophil chemokines eotaxin-1 and eotaxin-2 were significantly upregulated (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05) by approximately 2.1- and 1.4-fold in the asthma study and by 2.3- and 1.7-fold in the COPD study following benralizumab treatment. Magnitude of upregulation of these two chemokines was greater for eosinophil-high patients than eosinophil-low patients in both studies. Benralizumab was associated with significant reductions (FDR < 0.05) in expression of genes associated with eosinophils and basophils, such as CLC, IL-5Rα, and PRSS33; immune-signaling complex genes (FCER1A); G-protein–coupled receptor genes (HRH4, ADORA3, P2RY14); and further immune-related genes (ALOX15 and OLIG2). The magnitude of downregulation of gene expression was greater for eosinophil-high than eosinophil-low patients. GSVA on immune signatures indicated significant treatment reductions (FDR < 0.05) in eosinophil-associated signatures. Conclusions Benralizumab is highly selective, modulating blood proteins or genes associated with eosinophils or basophils. Modulated protein and gene expression patterns are most prominently altered in eosinophil-high vs. eosinophil-low patients. Trial registration NCT01227278 and NCT01238861. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0968-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Sridhar
- MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, #4552B, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Hao Liu
- MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, #4552B, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Tuyet-Hang Pham
- MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, #4552B, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Gautam Damera
- MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, #4552B, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Paul Newbold
- MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, #4552B, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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Arizmendi N, Kulka M. Adenosine activates Gα s proteins and inhibits C3a-induced activation of human mast cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:157-167. [PMID: 30099007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaphylatoxin C3a and adenosine receptors (AR) are implicated in the inflammatory process associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma by modifying mast cell (MC) responses. Possible interactions between these G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways in MCs have not yet been demonstrated. LAD2 human MC were stimulated with C3a in the presence or absence of AR agonists and antagonists and their adhesion, chemotaxis and mediator release were measured. The pan-specific AR agonist, 5'-N-Ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) inhibited C3a-induced LAD2 cell migration, adhesion, degranulation, production of CCL2, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The selective A2A receptor agonist CGS 21680 inhibited C3a-mediated degranulation, while the A2B and A3 receptor agonists BAY 60-6583 and IB-MECA, respectively, had no effect. Moreover, an A2A receptor antagonist SCH 58261 blocked the inhibitory effect of NECA on C3a-induced degranulation, suggesting that inhibition of degranulation was mediated through the A2A receptor. NECA increased intracellular cAMP in C3a-activated mast cells, suggesting that Gαs protein signals are required for adenosine-induced inhibition of C3a-mediated human mast cell activation. The adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ 22536 attenuated the inhibitory effect of NECA on C3a-activated degranulation, and the A2A agonist CSG 21680 potentiated the inhibition of mast cell activation mediated by the A2A receptor. Our results suggest that adenosine inhibits C3a-mediated activation of human mast cells, possibly through a Gαs protein-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcy Arizmendi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marianna Kulka
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Pandya AN, Baraiya AB, Jalani HB, Pandya D, Kaila JC, Kachler S, Salmaso V, Moro S, Klotz KN, Vasu KK. Discovery of 2-aminoimidazole and 2-amino imidazolyl-thiazoles as non-xanthine human adenosine A 3 receptor antagonists: SAR and molecular modeling studies. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:676-684. [PMID: 30108958 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00643h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A small-molecule combinatorial library of 24 compounds with 2-aminoimidazole and 2-aminoimidazolyl-thiazole derivatives was synthesized using a 2-chloro trityl resin. The generated compound library was tested against all the human adenosine receptors subtypes. The 2-aminoimidazole derivatives (6a-6l) showed weak to moderate affinity towards the human adenosine receptors. Further modification to 2-aminoimidazolyl-thiazole derivatives (12a-12l) resulted in an improvement of affinity at adenosine A1, A2A and A3 receptor subtypes. Compound 12b was the most potent and selective non-xanthine human adenosine A3 receptor antagonist of this series. A receptor-based modeling study was performed to explore the possible binding mode of these novel 2-aminoimidazole and 2-aminoimidazolyl-thiazole derivatives into human adenosine A1, A2A and A3 receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit N Pandya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre , Sarkej-Gandhinagar Highway, Thaltej , Ahmedabad 380e054 , Gujarat , India . ;
| | - Arshi B Baraiya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre , Sarkej-Gandhinagar Highway, Thaltej , Ahmedabad 380e054 , Gujarat , India . ;
| | - Hitesh B Jalani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre , Sarkej-Gandhinagar Highway, Thaltej , Ahmedabad 380e054 , Gujarat , India . ;
| | - Dhaivat Pandya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre , Sarkej-Gandhinagar Highway, Thaltej , Ahmedabad 380e054 , Gujarat , India . ;
| | - Jitendra C Kaila
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre , Sarkej-Gandhinagar Highway, Thaltej , Ahmedabad 380e054 , Gujarat , India . ;
| | - Sonja Kachler
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Germany
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS) , Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 5 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS) , Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 5 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Germany
| | - Kamala K Vasu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre , Sarkej-Gandhinagar Highway, Thaltej , Ahmedabad 380e054 , Gujarat , India . ;
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Redegeld FA, Yu Y, Kumari S, Charles N, Blank U. Non-IgE mediated mast cell activation. Immunol Rev 2018; 282:87-113. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank A. Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Sangeeta Kumari
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Charles
- INSERM U1149; Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation; Paris France
- CNRS ERL8252; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Faculté de Médecine; Site Xavier Bichat; Paris France
| | - Ulrich Blank
- INSERM U1149; Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation; Paris France
- CNRS ERL8252; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Faculté de Médecine; Site Xavier Bichat; Paris France
- Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence; Paris France
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Lexmond AJ, Singh D, Frijlink HW, Clarke GW, Page CP, Forbes B, van den Berge M. Realising the potential of various inhaled airway challenge agents through improved delivery to the lungs. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2018; 49:27-35. [PMID: 29331645 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled airway challenges provoke bronchoconstriction in susceptible subjects and are a pivotal tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of obstructive lung diseases, both in the clinic and in the development of new respiratory medicines. This article reviews the main challenge agents that are in use today (methacholine, mannitol, adenosine, allergens, endotoxin) and emphasises the importance of controlling how these agents are administered. There is a danger that the optimal value of these challenge agents may not be realised due to suboptimal inhaled delivery; thus considerations for effective and reproducible challenge delivery are provided. This article seeks to increase awareness of the importance of precise delivery of inhaled agents used to challenge the airways for diagnosis and research, and is intended as a stepping stone towards much-needed standardisation and harmonisation in the administration of inhaled airway challenge agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Lexmond
- King's College London, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; University of Groningen, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dave Singh
- University of Manchester, Medicines Evaluation Unit, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundation Trust, The Langley Building, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester M23 9QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Graham W Clarke
- hVIVO, Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London E1 2AX, United Kingdom; Imperial College, Department of Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Guy Scadding Building, Cale Street, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Clive P Page
- King's College London, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Forbes
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Deb PK, Mailavaram R, Chandrasekaran B, Kaki VR, Kaur R, Kachler S, Klotz KN, Akkinepally RR. Synthesis, adenosine receptor binding and molecular modelling studies of novel thieno[2,3-d
]pyrimidine derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:962-969. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pran Kishore Deb
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division; University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Pharmaceutical Sciences (UGC-CAS); Panjab University; Chandigarh India
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Philadelphia University; Amman Jordan
| | | | - Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division; University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Pharmaceutical Sciences (UGC-CAS); Panjab University; Chandigarh India
| | - Venkata Rao Kaki
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division; University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Pharmaceutical Sciences (UGC-CAS); Panjab University; Chandigarh India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division; University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Pharmaceutical Sciences (UGC-CAS); Panjab University; Chandigarh India
| | - Sonja Kachler
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie; Universität Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie; Universität Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Raghuram Rao Akkinepally
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kakatiya University; Warangal India
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Synthesis and adenosine receptors binding studies of new fluorinated analogues of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines and quinazolines. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Fong R, Khokhar S, Chowdhury AN, Xie KG, Wong JHY, Fox AP, Xie Z. Caffeine accelerates recovery from general anesthesia via multiple pathways. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:1591-1597. [PMID: 28659466 PMCID: PMC5596131 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00393.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies have explored different ways to speed emergence from anesthesia. Previously, we have shown that three drugs that elevate intracellular cAMP (forskolin, theophylline, and caffeine) accelerate emergence from anesthesia in rats. However, our earlier studies left two main questions unanswered. First, were cAMP-elevating drugs effective at all anesthetic concentrations? Second, given that caffeine was the most effective of the drugs tested, why was caffeine more effective than forskolin since both drugs elevate cAMP? In our current study, emergence time from anesthesia was measured in adult rats exposed to 3% isoflurane for 60 min. Caffeine dramatically accelerated emergence from anesthesia, even at the high level of anesthetic employed. Caffeine has multiple actions including blockade of adenosine receptors. We show that the selective A2a adenosine receptor antagonist preladenant or the intracellular cAMP ([cAMP]i)-elevating drug forskolin, accelerated recovery from anesthesia. When preladenant and forskolin were tested together, the effect on anesthesia recovery time was additive indicating that these drugs operate via different pathways. Furthermore, the combination of preladenant and forskolin was about as effective as caffeine suggesting that both A2A receptor blockade and [cAMP]i elevation play a role in caffeine's ability to accelerate emergence from anesthesia. Because anesthesia in rodents is thought to be similar to that in humans, these results suggest that caffeine might allow for rapid and uniform emergence from general anesthesia in humans at all anesthetic concentrations and that both the elevation of [cAMP]i and adenosine receptor blockade play a role in this response.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Currently, there is no method to accelerate emergence from anesthesia. Patients "wake" when they clear the anesthetic from their systems. Previously, we have shown that caffeine can accelerate emergence from anesthesia. In this study, we show that caffeine is effective even at high levels of anesthetic. We also show that caffeine operates by both elevating intracellular cAMP levels and by blocking adenosine receptors. This complicated pharmacology makes caffeine especially effective in accelerating emergence from anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fong
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Suhail Khokhar
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois, School of Life Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Atif N Chowdhury
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelvin G Xie
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Aaron P Fox
- Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zheng Xie
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
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Cantone M, Santos G, Wentker P, Lai X, Vera J. Multiplicity of Mathematical Modeling Strategies to Search for Molecular and Cellular Insights into Bacteria Lung Infection. Front Physiol 2017; 8:645. [PMID: 28912729 PMCID: PMC5582318 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even today two bacterial lung infections, namely pneumonia and tuberculosis, are among the 10 most frequent causes of death worldwide. These infections still lack effective treatments in many developing countries and in immunocompromised populations like infants, elderly people and transplanted patients. The interaction between bacteria and the host is a complex system of interlinked intercellular and the intracellular processes, enriched in regulatory structures like positive and negative feedback loops. Severe pathological condition can emerge when the immune system of the host fails to neutralize the infection. This failure can result in systemic spreading of pathogens or overwhelming immune response followed by a systemic inflammatory response. Mathematical modeling is a promising tool to dissect the complexity underlying pathogenesis of bacterial lung infection at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels, and also at the interfaces among levels. In this article, we introduce mathematical and computational modeling frameworks that can be used for investigating molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying bacterial lung infection. Then, we compile and discuss published results on the modeling of regulatory pathways and cell populations relevant for lung infection and inflammation. Finally, we discuss how to make use of this multiplicity of modeling approaches to open new avenues in the search of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying bacterial infection in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenErlangen, Germany
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Ciancetta A, Jacobson KA. Structural Probing and Molecular Modeling of the A₃ Adenosine Receptor: A Focus on Agonist Binding. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030449. [PMID: 28287473 PMCID: PMC5471610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous modulator exerting its functions through the activation of four adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes, termed A1, A2A, A2B and A3, which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. The human A3AR (hA3AR) subtype is implicated in several cytoprotective functions. Therefore, hA3AR modulators, and in particular agonists, are sought for their potential application as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and cardioprotective agents. Structure-based molecular modeling techniques have been applied over the years to rationalize the structure–activity relationships (SARs) of newly emerged A3AR ligands, guide the subsequent lead optimization, and interpret site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) data from a molecular perspective. In this review, we showcase selected modeling-based and guided strategies that were applied to elucidate the binding of agonists to the A3AR and discuss the challenges associated with an accurate prediction of the receptor extracellular vestibule through homology modeling from the available X-ray templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular Recognition Section (MRS), Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA 20892, USA.
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section (MRS), Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA 20892, USA.
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Rosenbrier Ribeiro L, Ian Storer R. A semi-quantitative translational pharmacology analysis to understand the relationship between in vitro ENT1 inhibition and the clinical incidence of dyspnoea and bronchospasm. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 317:41-50. [PMID: 28041785 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine contributes to the pathophysiology of respiratory disease, and adenosine challenge leads to bronchospasm and dyspnoea in patients. The equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) terminates the action of adenosine by removal from the extracellular environment. Therefore, it is proposed that inhibition of ENT1 in respiratory disease patients leads to increased adenosine concentrations, triggering bronchospasm and dyspnoea. This study aims to assess the translation of in vitro ENT1 inhibition to the clinical incidence of bronchospasm and dyspnoea in respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease and healthy volunteer populations. Four marketed drugs with ENT1 activity were assessed; dipyridamole, ticagrelor, draflazine, cilostazol. For each patient population, the relationship between in vitro ENT1 [3H]-NBTI binding affinity (Ki) and [3H]-adenosine uptake (IC50) to the incidence of: (1) bronchospasm/severe dyspnoea; (2) tolerated dyspnoea and; (3) no adverse effects, was evaluated. A high degree of ENT1 inhibition (≥13.3x Ki, ≥4x IC50) associated with increased incidence of bronchospasm/severe dyspnoea for patients with respiratory disease only, whereas a lower degree of ENT1 inhibition (≥0.1x Ki, ≥0.05x IC50) associated with a tolerable level of dyspnoea in both respiratory and cardiovascular disease patients. ENT1 inhibition had no effect in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, physicochemical properties correlative with ENT1 binding were assessed using a set of 1625 diverse molecules. Binding to ENT1 was relatively promiscuous (22% compounds Ki<1μM) especially for neutral or basic molecules, and greater incidence tracked with higher lipophilicity (clogP >5). This study rationalises inclusion of an assessment of ENT1 activity during early safety profiling for programs targeting respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn Rosenbrier Ribeiro
- Discovery Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - R Ian Storer
- Discovery Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Harmse R, van der Walt MM, Petzer JP, Terre’Blanche G. Discovery of 1,3-diethyl-7-methyl-8-(phenoxymethyl)-xanthine derivatives as novel adenosine A 1 and A 2A receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5951-5955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Slivac I, Guay D, Mangion M, Champeil J, Gaillet B. Non-viral nucleic acid delivery methods. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 17:105-118. [PMID: 27740858 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1248941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Delivery of nucleic acid-based molecules in human cells is a highly studied approach for the treatment of several disorders including monogenic diseases and cancers. Non-viral vectors for DNA and RNA transfer, although in general less efficient than virus-based systems, are particularly well adapted mostly due to the absence of biosafety concerns. Non-viral methods could be classified in two main groups: physical and vector-assisted delivery systems. Both groups comprise several different methods, none of them universally applicable. The choice of the optimal method depends on the predefined objectives and the features of targeted micro-environment. Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss non-viral techniques and present recent therapeutic achievements in ex vivo and in vivo nucleic acid delivery by most commonly used techniques while emphasizing the role of 'biological particles', namely peptide transduction domains, virus like particles, gesicles and exosomes. Expert opinion: The number of available non-viral transfection techniques used for human therapy increased rapidly, followed by still moderate success in efficacy. The prospects are to be found in design of multifunctional hybrid systems that reflect the viral efficiency. In this respect, biological particles are very promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Slivac
- a Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - David Guay
- b Feldan Therapeutics, Rideau , Quebec , Canada
| | - Mathias Mangion
- c Chemical engineering Department , Université Laval , Québec , Canada
| | - Juliette Champeil
- c Chemical engineering Department , Université Laval , Québec , Canada
| | - Bruno Gaillet
- c Chemical engineering Department , Université Laval , Québec , Canada
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Lima AN, Philot EA, Trossini GHG, Scott LPB, Maltarollo VG, Honorio KM. Use of machine learning approaches for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:225-39. [PMID: 26814169 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1146250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of computational tools in the early stages of drug development has increased in recent decades. Machine learning (ML) approaches have been of special interest, since they can be applied in several steps of the drug discovery methodology, such as prediction of target structure, prediction of biological activity of new ligands through model construction, discovery or optimization of hits, and construction of models that predict the pharmacokinetic and toxicological (ADMET) profile of compounds. AREAS COVERED This article presents an overview on some applications of ML techniques in drug design. These techniques can be employed in ligand-based drug design (LBDD) and structure-based drug design (SBDD) studies, such as similarity searches, construction of classification and/or prediction models of biological activity, prediction of secondary structures and binding sites docking and virtual screening. EXPERT OPINION Successful cases have been reported in the literature, demonstrating the efficiency of ML techniques combined with traditional approaches to study medicinal chemistry problems. Some ML techniques used in drug design are: support vector machine, random forest, decision trees and artificial neural networks. Currently, an important application of ML techniques is related to the calculation of scoring functions used in docking and virtual screening assays from a consensus, combining traditional and ML techniques in order to improve the prediction of binding sites and docking solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Nakagawa Lima
- a Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Eric Allison Philot
- a Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Luis Paulo Barbour Scott
- c Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição , Universidade Federal do ABC , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Kathia Maria Honorio
- a Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC , São Paulo , Brazil.,d Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Marx B, Scuvée É, Scuvée-Moreau J, Seutin V, Jouret F. [Mechanisms of caffeine-induced diuresis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:485-90. [PMID: 27225921 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163205015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is an alkaloid which belongs to the family of methylxanthines and is present in beverages, food and drugs. Caffeine competitively antagonizes the adenosine receptors (AR), which are G protein-coupled receptors largely distributed throughout the body, including brain, heart, vessels and kidneys. Caffeine consumption has a well-known diuretic effect. The homeostasis of salt and water involves different segments of the nephron, in which adenosine plays complex roles depending on the differential expression of AR. Hence, caffeine increases glomerular filtration rate by opposing the vasoconstriction of renal afferent arteriole mediated by adenosine via type 1 AR during the tubuloglomerular feedback. Caffeine also inhibits Na(+) reabsorption at the level of renal proximal tubules. In addition, caffeine perturbs the hepatorenal reflex via sensory nerves in Mall's intrahepatic spaces. Here, we review the physiology of caffeine-induced natriuresis and diuresis, as well as the putative pathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Marx
- Faculté de médecine, université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Éléonore Scuvée
- Faculté de médecine, université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Jacqueline Scuvée-Moreau
- Service de pharmacologie et laboratoire de neurophysiologie, GIGA neurosciences, université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Vincent Seutin
- Service de pharmacologie et laboratoire de neurophysiologie, GIGA neurosciences, université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - François Jouret
- GIGA cardiovasculaires, université de Liège, Avenue Hippocrate, 13, 4000 Liège, Belgique - Service de néphrologie, CHU de Liège, 4000 Liège Belgique
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Deng P, Anderson JD, Yu AS, Annett G, Fink KD, Nolta JA. Engineered BDNF producing cells as a potential treatment for neurologic disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:1025-33. [PMID: 27159050 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2016.1183641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in wide range of neurological diseases and injury. This neurotrophic factor is vital for neuronal health, survival, and synaptic connectivity. Many therapies focus on the restoration or enhancement of BDNF following injury or disease progression. AREAS COVERED The present review will focus on the mechanisms in which BDNF exerts its beneficial functioning, current BDNF therapies, issues and potential solutions for delivery of neurotrophic factors to the central nervous system, and other disease indications that may benefit from overexpression or restoration of BDNF. EXPERT OPINION Due to the role of BDNF in neuronal development, maturation, and health, BDNF is implicated in numerous neurological diseases making it a prime therapeutic agent. Numerous studies have shown the therapeutic potential of BDNF in a number of neurodegenerative disease models and in acute CNS injury, however clinical translation has fallen short due to issues in delivering this molecule. The use of MSC as a delivery platform for BDNF holds great promise for clinical advancement of neurotrophic factor restoration. The ease with which MSC can be engineered opens the door to the possibility of using this cell-based delivery system to advance a BDNF therapy to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Deng
- a Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures , University of California Davis Health Systems , Sacramento , CA , USA.,b Genome Center, MIND Institute, and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Johnathon D Anderson
- a Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures , University of California Davis Health Systems , Sacramento , CA , USA
| | - Abigail S Yu
- b Genome Center, MIND Institute, and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Geralyn Annett
- a Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures , University of California Davis Health Systems , Sacramento , CA , USA
| | - Kyle D Fink
- a Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures , University of California Davis Health Systems , Sacramento , CA , USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- a Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures , University of California Davis Health Systems , Sacramento , CA , USA
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Pyrazin-2(1H)-ones as a novel class of selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonists. Future Med Chem 2016; 7:1373-80. [PMID: 26230877 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A3AR antagonists are promising drug candidates as neuroprotective agents as well as for the treatment of inflammation or glaucoma. The most widely known A3AR antagonists are derived from polyheteroaromatic scaffolds, which usually show poor pharmacokinetic properties. Accordingly, the identification of structurally simple A3AR antagonists by the exploration of novel diversity spaces is a challenging goal. RESULTS A convergent and efficient Ugi-based multicomponent approach enabled the discovery of pyrazin-2(1H)-ones as a novel class of A3AR antagonists. A combined experimental/computational strategy accelerated the establishment of the most salient features of the structure-activity and structure-selectivity relationships in this series. CONCLUSION The optimization process provided pyrazin-2(1H)-ones with improved affinity and a plausible hypothesis regarding their binding modes was proposed.
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