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Rajagopalan K, Selvan Christyraj JD, Chelladurai KS, Kalimuthu K, Das P, Chandrasekar M, Balamurugan N, Murugan K. Understanding the molecular mechanism of regeneration through apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation studies - updates and future aspects. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01958-1. [PMID: 38581530 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
AICP is a crucial process that maintaining tissue homeostasis and regeneration. In the past, cell death was perceived merely as a means to discard cells without functional consequences. However, during regeneration, effector caspases orchestrate apoptosis, releasing signals that activate stem cells, thereby compensating for tissue loss across various animal models. Despite significant progress, the activation of Wnt3a by caspase-3 remains a focal point of research gaps in AICP mechanisms, spanning from lower to higher regenerative animals. This inquiry into the molecular intricacies of caspase-3-induced Wnt3a activation contributes to a deeper understanding of the links between regeneration and cancer mechanisms. Our report provides current updates on AICP pathways, delineating research gaps and highlighting the potential for future investigations aimed at enhancing our comprehension of this intricate process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamarajan Rajagopalan
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Research Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jackson Durairaj Selvan Christyraj
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Research Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Karthikeyan Subbiahanadar Chelladurai
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Research Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Puja Das
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Research Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Meikandan Chandrasekar
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Research Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nivedha Balamurugan
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Research Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Murugan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gupta S, Lytvynchuk L, Ardan T, Studenovska H, Sharma R, Faura G, Eide L, Shanker Verma R, Znaor L, Erceg S, Stieger K, Motlik J, Petrovski G, Bharti K. Progress in Stem Cells-Based Replacement Therapy for Retinal Pigment Epithelium: In Vitro Differentiation to In Vivo Delivery. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:536-552. [PMID: 37459045 PMCID: PMC10427969 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a critical cell monolayer forming the blood-retina-barrier (BRB) and a permeable bridge between the choriocapillaris and the retina. RPE is also crucial in maintaining photoreceptor function and for completing the visual cycle. Loss of the RPE is associated with the development of degenerative diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To treat diseases like AMD, pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE (pRPE) has been recently explored extensively as a regenerative module. pRPE like other ectodermal tissues requires specific lineage differentiation and long-term in vitro culturing for maturation. Therefore, understanding the differentiation process of RPE could be useful for stem cell-based RPE derivation. Developing pRPE-based transplants and delivering them into the subretinal space is another aspect that has garnered interest in the last decade. In this review, we discuss the basic strategies currently employed for stem cell-based RPE derivation, their delivery, and recent clinical studies related to pRPE transplantation in patients. We have also discussed a few limitations with in vitro RPE culture and potential solutions to overcome such problems which can be helpful in developing functional RPE tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Gupta
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lyubomyr Lytvynchuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Karl Landsteiner Institute for Retinal Research and Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Taras Ardan
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Studenovska
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioanalogous Systems, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Georgina Faura
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Eide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology, Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences. Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ljubo Znaor
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Split School of Medicine and University Hospital Centre, Split, Croatia
| | - Slaven Erceg
- Research Center “Principe Felipe,” Stem Cell Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Knut Stieger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan Motlik
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Cell Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Split School of Medicine and University Hospital Centre, Split, Croatia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kapil Bharti
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abdal Dayem A, Lee SB, Lim KM, Kim A, Shin HJ, Vellingiri B, Kim YB, Cho SG. Bioactive peptides for boosting stem cell culture platform: Methods and applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114376. [PMID: 36764131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides, short protein fragments, can emulate the functions of their full-length native counterparts. Peptides are considered potent recombinant protein alternatives due to their specificity, high stability, low production cost, and ability to be easily tailored and immobilized. Stem cell proliferation and differentiation processes are orchestrated by an intricate interaction between numerous growth factors and proteins and their target receptors and ligands. Various growth factors, functional proteins, and cellular matrix-derived peptides efficiently enhance stem cell adhesion, proliferation, and directed differentiation. For that, peptides can be immobilized on a culture plate or conjugated to scaffolds, such as hydrogels or synthetic matrices. In this review, we assess the applications of a variety of peptides in stem cell adhesion, culture, organoid assembly, proliferation, and differentiation, describing the shortcomings of recombinant proteins and their full-length counterparts. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges of peptide applications in stem cell culture and materials design, as well as provide a brief outlook on future directions to advance peptide applications in boosting stem cell quality and scalability for clinical applications in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne co., ltd. 303, Life Science Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne co., ltd. 303, Life Science Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne co., ltd. 303, Life Science Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Young Bong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne co., ltd. 303, Life Science Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Ma Y, Zhang X, Tang S, Xue L, Wang J, Zhang X. Extended preconditioning on soft matrices directs human mesenchymal stem cell fate via YAP transcriptional activity and chromatin organization. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:016110. [PMID: 36845904 PMCID: PMC9949900 DOI: 10.1063/5.0124424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanics plays a crucial role in tissue development and disease progression through regulation of stem cell behavior, differentiation, and fate determination. Periodontitis is a typical case characterized by decreased ECM stiffness within diseased periodontal tissues as well as with irreversible loss of osteogenesis capacity of periodontal tissue-derived human periodontal tissue-derived MSCs (hMSCs) even returning back to a physiological mechanical microenvironment. We hypothesized that the hMSCs extendedly residing in the soft ECM of diseased periodontal tissues may memorize the mechanical information and have further effect on ultimate cell fate besides the current mechanical microenvironment. Using a soft priming and subsequent stiff culture system based on collagen-modified polydimethylsiloxane substrates, we were able to discover that extended preconditioning on soft matrices (e.g., 7 days of exposure) led to approximately one-third decrease in cell spreading, two-third decrease in osteogenic markers (e.g., RUNX2 and OPN) of hMSCs, and one-thirteenth decrease in the production of mineralized nodules. The significant loss of osteogenic ability may attribute to the long-term residing of hMSCs in diseased periodontal tissue featured with reduced stiffness. This is associated with the regulation of transcriptional activity through alterations of subcellular localization of yes-associated protein and nuclear feature-mediated chromatin organization. Collectively, we reconstructed phenomena of irreversible loss of hMSC osteogenesis capacity in diseased periodontal tissues in our system and revealed the critical effect of preconditioning duration on soft matrices as well as the potential mechanisms in determining ultimate hMSC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Ma
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoxin Tang
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-End Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-End Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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Xin J, Zhou L, Zhang L, Guo K, Yang D. Neuroprotective Effects of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231213309. [PMID: 38018498 PMCID: PMC10687918 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231213309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to provide evidence of the neuroprotective of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). In vivo, hADSCs were intravitreally injected into OIR mice. Various assessments, including HE (histological evaluation), TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) staining, electroretinogram (ERG) analysis, and retinal flat-mount examination, were performed separately at postnatal days 15 (P15) and 17 (P17) to evaluate neurological damage and functional changes. Western blot analysis of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was conducted at P17 to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism. The P17 OIR group exhibited a significant increase in vascular endothelial cell nuclei and neovascularization that breached the ILM (inner limiting membrane) to the P17 control group. In addition, the retinal nonperfusion areas in the P17 OIR group and the number of apoptotic retinal cells in the P15 OIR group were significantly higher than in the corresponding hADSCs treatment group and control group. There was no significant thickness change in the inner nuclear layer (INL) but the outer nuclear layer (ONL) in the P17 OIR treatment group compared with the P17 OIR group. The cell density in the INL and ONL at P17 in the hADSCs treatment group was not significantly different from the OIR group. The amplitude of a-wave and b-wave in scotopic ERG analysis for the P17 OIR group was significantly lower than in the P17 hADSCs treatment group and the P17 control group. Furthermore, the latency of the a-wave and b-wave in the P17 OIR group was significantly longer than in the P17 hADSCs treatment group and the P17 control group. In addition, the expression levels of CNTF and BDNF in the P17 OIR group were statistically higher than those in the P17 control group, whereas the expression of GDNF was statistically lower in the P17 OIR group, compared with the P17 control group. The expression of CNTF and GDNF in the P17 hADSCs treatment group was statistically higher than in the P17 OIR group. However, the expression of BDNF in the P17 hADSCs treatment group was statistically lower than in the P17 OIR group. This study provides evidence for the neuroprotective effects of hADSCs in OIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifu Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lvlv Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Dayong Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Gupta V, Mahata T, Roy R, Gharai PK, Jana A, Garg S, Ghosh S. Discovery of imidazole-based GSK-3 β inhibitors for transdifferentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to neurons: A potential single-molecule neurotherapeutic foresight. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1002419. [PMID: 36590911 PMCID: PMC9797524 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1002419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transdifferentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to functional neurons is crucial for the development of future neuro-regenerative therapeutics. Currently, transdifferentiation of hMSCs to neurons requires a "chemical cocktail" along with neural growth factors. The role of the individual molecules present in a "chemical cocktail" is poorly understood and may cause unwanted toxicity or adverse effects. Toward, this goal, we have showcased the discovery of an imidazole-based "single-molecule" transdifferentiation initiator SG-145C. This discovery was achieved via screening of a small molecule library through extensive in silico studies to shortlist the best-fitting molecules. This discovery evolved through a careful selection to target Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which is one of the important proteins responsible for neurogenesis. Rigorous computational experiments, as well as extensive biological assays, confirmed that SG-145C has significant potential to transdifferentiate hMSCs to neurons. Interestingly, our results suggest that SG-145C can inhibit the proteasomal degradation of phosphorylated β-catenin, in turn promoting transdifferentiation of hMSCs into neurons via the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Gupta
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanushree Mahata
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajsekhar Roy
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prabir Kumar Gharai
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Aniket Jana
- Smart Healthcare, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shubham Garg
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India,Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan, India,Smart Healthcare, Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan, India,*Correspondence: Surajit Ghosh,
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Yuan TJ, Xu XH, Zhou N, Yan G, Gu TW, Peng LH. Phytochemicals as new therapeutic candidates simultaneously stimulate proliferation and counteract senescence of stem cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113170. [PMID: 35676782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for regenerative therapy. However, the research and clinical application of MSCs are greatly hindered by the limited cells proliferation and replicative senescence. Therapeutic agents that can both enhance the proliferative ability and decrease the replicative senescence of MSCs are greatly needed, however, not been reported yet. Herein, for the first time, we identified 11 natural compounds from medicinal plants with both excellent proliferative and anti-senescence abilities in MSCs. The qPCR analysis indicated underlying mechanisms associated with fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor, Wnt/β-catenin and leukemia-induced factor in proliferation; the reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction autophagy and proteostasis are involved in cells senescence-related mechanism. Phytochemicals are demonstrated as novel therapeutic candidates with promising effects in both stimulating proliferation and retarding replicative senescence of stem cells with high safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Jun Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xue-Han Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Nan Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ge Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ting-Wei Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Li-Hua Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
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Vojnits K, Nakanishi M, Porras D, Kim Y, Feng Z, Golubeva D, Bhatia M. Developing CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Fluorescent Reporter Human Pluripotent Stem-Cell Lines for High-Content Screening. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082434. [PMID: 35458632 PMCID: PMC9025795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to knock in fluorescent proteins to endogenous genes of interest in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has the potential to facilitate hPSC-based disease modeling, drug screening, and optimization of transplantation therapy. To evaluate the capability of fluorescent reporter hPSC lines for high-content screening approaches, we targeted EGFP to the endogenous OCT4 locus. Resulting hPSC–OCT4–EGFP lines generated expressed EGFP coincident with pluripotency markers and could be adapted to multi-well formats for high-content screening (HCS) campaigns. However, after long-term culture, hPSCs transiently lost their EGFP expression. Alternatively, through EGFP knock-in to the AAVS1 locus, we established a stable and consistent EGFP-expressing hPSC–AAVS1–EGFP line that maintained EGFP expression during in vitro hematopoietic and neural differentiation. Thus, hPSC–AAVS1–EGFP-derived sensory neurons could be adapted to a high-content screening platform that can be applied to high-throughput small-molecule screening and drug discovery campaigns. Our observations are consistent with recent findings indicating that high-frequency on-target complexities appear following CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing at the OCT4 locus. In contrast, we demonstrate that the AAVS1 locus is a safe genomic location in hPSCs with high gene expression that does not impact hPSC quality and differentiation. Our findings suggest that the CRISPR/Cas9-integrated AAVS1 system should be applied for generating stable reporter hPSC lines for long-term HCS approaches, and they underscore the importance of careful evaluation and selection of the applied reporter cell lines for HCS purposes.
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Jeon BS, Yi H, Ku HO. International regulatory considerations pertaining to the development of stem cell-based veterinary medicinal products. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e6. [PMID: 33522158 PMCID: PMC7850789 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based products (SCPs) are an emerging field of veterinary medicine that focuses on the regeneration, repair, or replacement of damaged tissues or organs. However, there are some issues in applying the traditional regulatory guideline for the approval of SCPs as veterinary medicinal products. This article describes the positions of Korea, US, and EU regarding SCPs, and compares the regulatory guidelines of each country for their safety evaluation. Although there are some differences in the regulatory guidelines, similar considerations in identifying the quality of SCPs and their safety has adopted. Overall, these guidelines need to be harmonized among countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Suk Jeon
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Hee Yi
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Ku
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea.
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Kraevaya OA, Novikov AV, Shestakov AF, Ershova ES, Savinova EA, Kameneva LV, Veiko NN, Schols D, Balzarini J, Kostyuk SV, Troshin PA. Water-soluble fullerene-based nanostructures with promising antiviral and myogenic activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 56:10203-10206. [PMID: 32748905 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03928d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a straightforward method for the synthesis of a water-soluble C60 fullerene derivative decorated with five residues of phosphonic acid. Self-assembly of the synthesized compound in aqueous solution leads to the formation of nanostructures with unprecedented myogenic and antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Kraevaya
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel St. 3, Moscow, 143026, Russia. and IPCP RAS, Semenov Prospect 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Artem V Novikov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel St. 3, Moscow, 143026, Russia. and IPCP RAS, Semenov Prospect 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Alexander F Shestakov
- IPCP RAS, Semenov Prospect 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia and Department of Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta S Ershova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics RAMS, Moskvorech'e St. 1, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Savinova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics RAMS, Moskvorech'e St. 1, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Larisa V Kameneva
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics RAMS, Moskvorech'e St. 1, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Nataliya N Veiko
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics RAMS, Moskvorech'e St. 1, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Dominique Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Svetlana V Kostyuk
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics RAMS, Moskvorech'e St. 1, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Pavel A Troshin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel St. 3, Moscow, 143026, Russia. and IPCP RAS, Semenov Prospect 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
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Mahfouzi SH, Safiabadi Tali SH, Amoabediny G. 3D bioprinting for lung and tracheal tissue engineering: Criteria, advances, challenges, and future directions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2020.e00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Cruciani S, Garroni G, Ventura C, Danani A, Nečas A, Maioli M. Stem cells and physical energies: can we really drive stem cell fate? Physiol Res 2020; 68:S375-S384. [PMID: 32118467 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells are undifferentiated elements able to self-renew or differentiate to maintain tissue integrity. Within this context, stem cells are able to divide in a symmetric fashion, feature characterising all the somatic cells, or in an asymmetric way, which leads daughter cells to different fates. It is worth highlighting that cell polarity have a critical role in regulating stem cell asymmetric division and the proper control of cell division depends on different proteins involved in cell development, differentiation and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Moreover, the interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix are crucial in influencing cell behavior, included in terms of mechanical properties as cytoskeleton plasticity and remodelling, and membrane tension. Finally, the activation of specific transcriptional program and epigenetic modifications contributes to cell fate determination, through modulation of cellular signalling cascades. It is well known that physical and mechanical stimuli are able to influence biological systems, and in this context, the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have already shown a considerable role, even though there is a lack of knowledge and much remains to be done around this topic. In this review, we summarize the historical background of EMFs applications and the main molecular mechanism involved in cellular remodelling, with particular attention to cytoskeleton elasticity and cell polarity, required for driving stem cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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13
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Piccoli M, Ghiroldi A, Monasky MM, Cirillo F, Ciconte G, Pappone C, Anastasia L. Reversine: A Synthetic Purine with a Dual Activity as a Cell Dedifferentiating Agent and a Selective Anticancer Drug. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3448-3462. [PMID: 30605049 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190103120725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic applications for adult and embryonic stem cells has dominated regenerative medicine and tissue engineering for several decades. However, since 2006, induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) have taken center stage in the field, as they promised to overcome several limitations of the other stem cell types. Nonetheless, other promising approaches for adult cell reprogramming have been attempted over the years, even before the generation of iPSCs. In particular, two years before the discovery of iPSCs, the possibility of synthesizing libraries of large organic compounds, as well as the development of high-throughput screenings to quickly test their biological activity, enabled the identification of a 2,6-disubstituted purine, named reversine, which was shown to be able to reprogram adult cells to a progenitor-like state. Since its discovery, the effect of reversine has been confirmed on different cell types, and several studies on its mechanism of action have revealed its central role in inhibitory activity on several kinases implicated in cell cycle regulation and cytokinesis. These key features, together with its chemical nature, suggested a possible use of the molecule as an anti-cancer drug. Remarkably, reversine exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against several tumor cell lines in vitro and a significant effect in decreasing tumor progression and metastatization in vivo. Thus, 15 years since its discovery, this review aims at critically summarizing the current knowledge to clarify the dual role of reversine as a dedifferentiating agent and anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Piccoli
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Michelle M Monasky
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cirillo
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciconte
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
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14
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Xing F, Li L, Zhou C, Long C, Wu L, Lei H, Kong Q, Fan Y, Xiang Z, Zhang X. Regulation and Directing Stem Cell Fate by Tissue Engineering Functional Microenvironments: Scaffold Physical and Chemical Cues. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2180925. [PMID: 31949436 PMCID: PMC6948329 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2180925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that stem cells reside within tissue engineering functional microenvironments that physically localize them and direct their stem cell fate. Recent efforts in the development of more complex and engineered scaffold technologies, together with new understanding of stem cell behavior in vitro, have provided a new impetus to study regulation and directing stem cell fate. A variety of tissue engineering technologies have been developed to regulate the fate of stem cells. Traditional methods to change the fate of stem cells are adding growth factors or some signaling pathways. In recent years, many studies have revealed that the geometrical microenvironment played an essential role in regulating the fate of stem cells, and the physical factors of scaffolds including mechanical properties, pore sizes, porosity, surface stiffness, three-dimensional structures, and mechanical stimulation may affect the fate of stem cells. Chemical factors such as cell-adhesive ligands and exogenous growth factors would also regulate the fate of stem cells. Understanding how these physical and chemical cues affect the fate of stem cells is essential for building more complex and controlled scaffolds for directing stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Changchun Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Long
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Lina Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoyuan Lei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingquan Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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15
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Eswaramoorthy SD, Ramakrishna S, Rath SN. Recent advances in three-dimensional bioprinting of stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:908-924. [PMID: 30866145 DOI: 10.1002/term.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In spite of being a new field, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has undergone rapid growth in the recent years. Bioprinting methods offer a unique opportunity for stem cell distribution, positioning, and differentiation at the microscale to make the differentiated architecture of any tissue while maintaining precision and control over the cellular microenvironment. Bioprinting introduces a wide array of approaches to modify stem cell fate. This review discusses these methodologies of 3D bioprinting stem cells. Fabricating a fully operational tissue or organ construct with a long life will be the most significant challenge of 3D bioprinting. Once this is achieved, a whole human organ can be fabricated for the defect place at the site of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhuja D Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, NUS Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, Singapore
| | - Subha N Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Sangareddy, Telangana, India
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16
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Hellmund KS, Koksch B. Self-Assembling Peptides as Extracellular Matrix Mimics to Influence Stem Cell's Fate. Front Chem 2019; 7:172. [PMID: 31001512 PMCID: PMC6455064 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in biologically active materials that can be used as cell culture substrates for medicinal applications has increased dramatically over the last decade. The design and development of biomaterials mimicking the natural environment of different cell types, the so-called extracellular matrix (ECM), is the focus of research in this field. The ECM exists as an ensemble of several adhesion proteins with different functionalities that can be presented to the embedded cells. These functionalities regulate numerous cellular processes. Therefore, different approaches and strategies using peptide- and protein-based biopolymers have been investigated to support the proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of stem cells, in the context of regenerative medicine. This minireview summarizes recent developments in this area, with a focus on peptide-based biomaterials used as stem cell culture substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beate Koksch
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Panchamanon P, Pavasant P, Leethanakul C. Periostin plays role in force-induced stem cell potential by periodontal ligament stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:506-515. [PMID: 30761669 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli have been shown to play an important role in directing stem cell fate and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. One of the functions of the mechanoresponsive tissue periodontal ligament (PDL) is to withstand the functional forces within the oral cavity. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) derived from periodontal tissue have been demonstrated to be able to respond directly to mechanical forces. However, the mechanisms of action of mechanical force on PDLSCs are not totally understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which compressive force affects PDLSCs, especially their stemness properties. PDLSCs were established from extracted human third molars; their stem cell characteristics were validated by detecting the expression of stem cell markers and confirming their ability to differentiate into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. PDLSCs were subjected to various magnitudes of static compressive force (0 [control], 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2 g/cm2 ). Application of 1.0 g/cm2 compressive force significantly upregulated a panel of stem cell marker genes, including NANOG and OCT4. Conversely, higher force magnitudes downregulated these genes. Mechanical loading also upregulated periostin, a matrix protein that plays important roles in tissue morphogenesis. Interestingly, knockdown of periostin using siRNA abolished force-induced stem cell marker expression in PDLSCs. This study suggests a proper magnitude of compressive force could be one important factor involved in the modulation of the pluripotency of PDLSCs through the action of periostin. The precise mechanism by which periostin regulates stemness requires further detailed investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panita Panchamanon
- Orthodontic Section, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henry-Dunant Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chidchanok Leethanakul
- Orthodontic Section, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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18
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de Groot SC, Sliedregt K, van Benthem PPG, Rivolta MN, Huisman MA. Building an Artificial Stem Cell Niche: Prerequisites for Future 3D-Formation of Inner Ear Structures-Toward 3D Inner Ear Biotechnology. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:408-426. [PMID: 30635991 PMCID: PMC7065153 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increased interest in stem cells for the purpose of regenerative medicine to deliver a wide range of therapies to treat many diseases. However, two‐dimensional cultures of stem cells are of limited use when studying the mechanism of pathogenesis of diseases and the feasibility of a treatment. Therefore, research is focusing on the strengths of stem cells in the three‐dimensional (3D) structures mimicking organs, that is, organoids, or organ‐on‐chip, for modeling human biology and disease. As 3D technology advances, it is necessary to know which signals stem cells need to multiply and differentiate into complex structures. This holds especially true for the complex 3D structure of the inner ear. Recent work suggests that although other factors play a role, the extracellular matrix (ECM), including its topography, is crucial to mimic a stem cell niche in vitro and to drive stem cells toward the formation of the tissue of interest. Technological developments have led to the investigation of biomaterials that closely resemble the native ECM. In the fast forward moving research of organoids and organs‐on‐chip, the inner ear has hardly received attention. This review aims to provide an overview, by describing the general context in which cells, matrix and morphogens cooperate in order to build a tissue, to facilitate research in 3D inner ear technology. Anat Rec, 303:408–426, 2020. © 2019 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Sliedregt
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul G van Benthem
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marcelo N Rivolta
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Margriet A Huisman
- Hair Science Institute, Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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19
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Torabi T, Abroun S. Amniotic fluid, an effective factor for umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells in cell culture: An approach for bone marrow transplantation. Transfus Apher Sci 2019; 58:169-173. [PMID: 30890311 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation is a treatment used for hematologic and non-hematologic disorders. A theory suggests that proliferation of cells in non-body condition helps to increase the efficiency of bone marrow transplant. There are different ways for proliferation of stem cells, in which, most studies have focused on stem cell culture in body-like conditions. The use of amniotic fluid as a rich resource of growth factors is developing in repair of tissues cornea. With regards to this condition, we discuss about the influence of amniotic fluid in proliferation and implantation of blood stem cells. The aim of this study was investigation of human amnion fluid (HAF) in support of growth and proliferation of umbilical cord in order to transplant and long period erythropoiesis. First, separating of CD-34+ stem cells by MACS was performed and check in 5% and 8% concentration of amniotic fluid (AF) in comprise with FBS10% in culture environment. After 7, 14 days cell count, and checking gene expression level of cyclinD1, BCL2, CXCR4, SDF1 by real-time PCR. The result show that BCL2, CXCR4 and cyclinD1 gene expression level were increased in cells that are growth in 5% AF with 5% FBS than other groups. After statistical analysis, proliferation of umbilical cord blood stem cells in 5% AF with 5% FBS was more than 8% AF with 2% FBS and 10% FBS. Therefore, HAF can play an effective role in increasing hematopoietic stem cells in cell culture before bone marrow transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebe Torabi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Abroun
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Kim S, Song NJ, Chang SH, Bahn G, Choi Y, Rhee DK, Yun UJ, Choi J, Lee J, Yoo JH, Shin D, Park KM, Kang H, Lee S, Ku JM, Cho YS, Park KW. Sulfuretin Prevents Obesity and Metabolic Diseases in Diet Induced Obese Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:107-116. [PMID: 30130954 PMCID: PMC6319556 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic and associated metabolic diseases require alternative biological targets for new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we show that a phytochemical sulfuretin suppressed adipocyte differentiation of preadipocytes and administration of sulfuretin to high fat diet-fed obese mice prevented obesity and increased insulin sensitivity. These effects were associated with a suppressed expression of inflammatory markers, induced expression of adiponectin, and increased levels of phosphorylated ERK and AKT. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of sulfuretin in adipocytes, we performed microarray analysis and identified activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3) as a sulfuretin-responsive gene. Sulfuretin elevated Atf3 mRNA and protein levels in white adipose tissue and adipocytes. Consistently, deficiency of Atf3 promoted lipid accumulation and the expression of adipocyte markers. Sulfuretin’s but not resveratrol’s anti-adipogenic effects were diminished in Atf3 deficient cells, indicating that Atf3 is an essential factor in the effects of sulfuretin. These results highlight the usefulness of sulfuretin as a new anti-obesity intervention for the prevention of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - No-Joon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hyuk Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahee Bahn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Rhee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Jeong Yun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyuk Yoo
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Donghan Shin
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ki-Moon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kang
- Department of Oriental Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medicine, Kyunghee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mo Ku
- Biomaterials Research and Development Team, Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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21
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Duru LN, Quan Z, Qazi TJ, Qing H. Stem cells technology: a powerful tool behind new brain treatments. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1564-1591. [PMID: 29916013 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell research has recently become a hot research topic in biomedical research due to the foreseen unlimited potential of stem cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. For many years, medicine has been facing intense challenges, such as an insufficient number of organ donations that is preventing clinicians to fulfill the increasing needs. To try and overcome this regrettable matter, research has been aiming at developing strategies to facilitate the in vitro culture and study of stem cells as a tool for tissue regeneration. Meanwhile, new developments in the microfluidics technology brought forward emerging cell culture applications that are currently allowing for a better chemical and physical control of cellular microenvironment. This review presents the latest developments in stem cell research that brought new therapies to the clinics and how the convergence of the microfluidics technology with stem cell research can have positive outcomes on the fields of regenerative medicine and high-throughput screening. These advances will bring new translational solutions for drug discovery and will upgrade in vitro cell culture to a new level of accuracy and performance. We hope this review will provide new insights into the understanding of new brain treatments from the perspective of stem cell technology especially regarding regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne N Duru
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Talal Jamil Qazi
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Separation and Analysis in Biomedical and Pharmaceuticals, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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22
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AlMuraikhi N, Ali D, Alshanwani A, Vishnubalaji R, Manikandan M, Atteya M, Siyal A, Alfayez M, Aldahmash A, Kassem M, Alajez NM. Stem cell library screen identified ruxolitinib as regulator of osteoblastic differentiation of human skeletal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:319. [PMID: 30463599 PMCID: PMC6249887 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Better understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate human bone marrow stromal stem cell (hBMSC) differentiation into bone-forming osteoblasts is crucial for their clinical use in regenerative medicine. Chemical biology approaches using small molecules targeting specific signaling pathways are increasingly employed to manipulate stem cell differentiation fate. Methods We employed alkaline phosphatase activity and staining assays to assess osteoblast differentiation and Alizarin R staining to assess mineralized matrix formation of cultured hBMSCs. Changes in gene expression were assessed using an Agilent microarray platform, and data normalization and bioinformatics were performed using GeneSpring software. For in vivo ectopic bone formation experiments, hMSCs were mixed with hydroxyapatite–tricalcium phosphate granules and implanted subcutaneously into the dorsal surface of 8-week-old female nude mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Sirius Red staining were used to detect bone formation in vivo. Results We identified several compounds which inhibited osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs. In particular, we identified ruxolitinib (INCB018424) (3 μM), an inhibitor of JAK-STAT signaling that inhibited osteoblastic differentiation and matrix mineralization of hMSCs in vitro and reduced ectopic bone formation in vivo. Global gene expression profiling of ruxolitinib-treated cells identified 847 upregulated and 822 downregulated mRNA transcripts, compared to vehicle-treated control cells. Bioinformatic analysis revealed differential regulation of multiple genetic pathways, including TGFβ and insulin signaling, endochondral ossification, and focal adhesion. Conclusions We identified ruxolitinib as an important regulator of osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs. It is plausible that inhibition of osteoblast differentiation by ruxolitinib may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pathological conditions caused by accelerated osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1068-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal AlMuraikhi
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Ali
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Molecular Endocrinology Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Aliah Alshanwani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Radhakrishnan Vishnubalaji
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muthurangan Manikandan
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Atteya
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz Siyal
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aldahmash
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Prince Naif Health Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Molecular Endocrinology Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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23
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Sun Y, Zhang X, Li H, Xu S, Zhang X, Liu Y, Han M, Wen J. Stemazole promotes survival and preserves stemness in human embryonic stem cells. FEBS J 2018; 285:531-541. [PMID: 29222853 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are extremely delicate, and survive poorly under suboptimal culture conditions, severely restricting long-term studies and practical applications. Thus, a protective agent that promotes stem cell survival is urgently needed. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of stemazole in single-cell and starved hESC cultures. Colony formation was quantified by alkaline phosphatase and immunofluorescence staining, while apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. Expression of hESC and other stem cell markers was evaluated by western blot, RT-PCR, and qPCR. We found that stemazole enhanced clonal expansion from single cells in dose-dependent fashion and clearly decreased apoptosis from 54.1% to 25.2%. Furthermore, the drug reduced apoptosis from 43.6% to 8.4% over 15 h of starvation, with 66% of stemazole-treated cells remaining viable after 2 weeks of starvation. Importantly, starved cells protected with stemazole retained the same proliferation and differentiation properties as cells in normal culture. In conclusion, stemazole significantly promotes survival of stem cells in single-cell or starvation cultures without compromising stemness and pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, China
| | - Huajun Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Shasha Xu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Yinan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, China
| | - Mei Han
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Jinhua Wen
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, China
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Mundre RS, Koka P, Dhanaraj P, Khatri N, Vig S, Chandramohan Y, Dhanasekaran A. Synergistic role of 5-azacytidine and ascorbic acid in directing cardiosphere derived cells to cardiomyocytes in vitro by downregulating Wnt signaling pathway via phosphorylation of β-catenin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188805. [PMID: 29190771 PMCID: PMC5708695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiosphere derived cells (CDCs) represent a valuable source in stem cell based therapy for cardiovascular diseases, yet poor differentiation rate hinders the transplantation efficiency. The aim of this study is to check the ability of 5-Azacytidine (Aza) alone and in combination with ascorbic acid (Aza+AA) in delineating CDCs to cardiomyogenesis and the underlying Wnt signaling mechanism in induced differentiation. Methods CDCs were treated with Aza and Aza+AA for a period of 14 days to examine the expression of cardiac specific markers and Wnt downstream regulators by immunofluorescence, real time PCR and western blot. Results Results revealed that Aza+AA induced efficient commitment of CDCs to cardiomyogenic lineage. Immunofluorescence analysis showed significant augment for Nkx 2.5, GATA 4 and α-Sarcomeric actinin markers in Aza+AA group than control group (p = 0.0118, p = 0.009 and p = 0.0091, respectively). Relative upregulation of cardiac markers, Nkx 2.5 (p = 0.0156), GATA 4 (p = 0.0087) and down regulation of Wnt markers, β-catenin (p = 0.0107) and Cyclin D1 (p = 0. 0116) in Aza+AA group was revealed by RNA expression analysis. Moreover, the Aza+AA induced prominent expression of GATA 4, α-Sarcomeric actinin and phospho β-catenin while non phospho β-catenin and Cyclin D1 expression was significantly suppressed as displayed in protein expression analysis. Generation of spontaneous beating in Aza+AA treated CDCs further reinforced that Aza+AA accelerates the cardiomyogenic potential of CDCs. Conclusion Combined treatment of Aza along with AA implicit in inducing cardiomyogenic potential of CDCs and is associated with down regulating Wnt signaling pathway. Altogether, CDCs represent a valuable tool for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavani Koka
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prakash Dhanaraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nitin Khatri
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjana Vig
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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25
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de Aguiar CF, Castoldi A, Andrade-Oliveira V, Ignacio A, da Cunha FF, Felizardo RJF, Bassi ÊJ, Câmara NOS, de Almeida DC. Mesenchymal stromal cells modulate gut inflammation in experimental colitis. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:251-260. [PMID: 29063489 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) affect millions of people worldwide and their frequencies in developed countries have increased since the twentieth century. In this context, there is an intensive search for therapies that modulate inflammation and provide tissue regeneration in IBDs. Recently, the immunomodulatory activity of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADMSCs) has been demonstrated to play an important role on several immune cells in different conditions of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we explored the immunomodulatory potential of ADMSC in a classical model of DSS-induced colitis. First, we found that treatment of mice with ADMSC ameliorated the severity of DSS-induced colitis, reducing colitis pathological score and preventing colon shortening. Moreover, a prominent reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (i.e., IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1) was observed in the colon of animals treated with ADMSC. We also observed a significant reduction in the frequencies of macrophages (F4/80+CD11b+) and dendritic cells (CD11c+CD103+) in the intestinal lamina propria of ADMSC-treated mice. Finally, we detected the up-regulation of immunoregulatory-associated molecules in intestine of mice treated with ADMSCs (i.e., elevated arginase-1 and IL-10). Thus, this present study demonstrated that ADMSC modulates the overall gut inflammation (cell activation and recruitment) in experimental colitis, providing support to the further development of new strategies in the treatment of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Andrade-Oliveira
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Ignacio
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Franco da Cunha
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ênio José Bassi
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,LIM 16, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1730 Lab 238 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Danilo Candido de Almeida
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1730 Lab 238 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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26
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Gu D, Wang S, Zhang S, Zhang P, Zhou G. Directed transdifferentiation of Müller glial cells to photoreceptors using the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway agonist purmorphamine. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7993-8002. [PMID: 28983586 PMCID: PMC5779882 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Specification of distinct cell types from Müller glial cells is key to the potential application of endogenous repair in retinal regeneration. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) has been established as a potent mitogen for rat Müller glial cells, which also induces Müller glial cells to dedifferentiate and adopt the phenotype of rod photoreceptors. The present study investigated the effects of purmorphamine, a small molecule that activates the SHH‑pathway, in the proliferation, dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation of Müller glial cells, as determined by several methods including immunofluorescence, polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. It was demonstrated that it may be able to replace SHH for the regeneration of retinal neurons. Purmorphamine was revealed to stimulate the proliferation of Müller glial cells by increasing the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin D3. In addition, purmorphamine‑treated Müller glial cells were induced to dedifferentiate by inducing the expression of progenitor‑specific markers; subsequently differentiating into rod‑like photoreceptors. Intraocular injection of purmorphamine promoted the activation of Müller glial cells, and in turn, the production of rod‑like photoreceptors in acute damaged retina. These results suggested that the endogenous neurogenic capacity of retinal Müller glial cells may be enhanced by this small molecular agonist of the SHH signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Gu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Songtao Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Guomin Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Johnson TC, Siegel D. Directing Stem Cell Fate: The Synthetic Natural Product Connection. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12052-12086. [PMID: 28771328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells possess remarkable potential for the treatment of a broad array of diseases including many that lack therapeutic options. However, the use of cell-based products derived from stem cells as therapeutics has limitations including rejection, sufficient availability, and lack of appropriate engraftment. Chemical control of stem cells provides potential solutions for overcoming many of the current limitations in cell-based therapeutics. The development of exogenous molecules to control stem cell self-renewal or differentiation has arrived at natural product-based agents as an important class of modulators. The ex vivo production of cryopreserved cellular products for use in tissue repair is a relatively new area of medicine in which the conventional hurdles to implementing chemicals to effect human health are changed. Translational challenges centered on chemistry, such as pharmacokinetics, are reduced. Importantly, in many cases the desired human tissues can be evaluated against new chemicals, and approaches to cellular regulation can be validated in the clinically applicable system. As a result linking new and existing laboratory syntheses of natural products with findings of the compounds' unique abilities to regulate stem cell fate provides opportunities for developing improved methods for tissue manufacture, accessing probe compounds, and generating new leads that yield manufactured cells with improved properties. This review provides a summary of natural products that have shown promise in controlling stem cell fate and which have also been fully synthesized thereby providing chemistry platforms for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor C Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dionicio Siegel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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28
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Geldanamycin-inspired compounds induce direct trans-differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to neurons. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 135:110-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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29
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Zujur D, Kanke K, Lichtler AC, Hojo H, Chung UI, Ohba S. Three-dimensional system enabling the maintenance and directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells under defined conditions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602875. [PMID: 28508073 PMCID: PMC5429032 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of in vitro models for the maintenance and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is an active area of stem cell research. The strategies used so far are based mainly on two-dimensional (2D) cultures, in which cellular phenotypes are regulated by soluble factors. We show that a 3D culture system with atelocollagen porous scaffolds can significantly improve the outcome of the current platforms intended for the maintenance and lineage specification of mouse PSCs (mPSCs). Unlike 2D conditions, the 3D conditions maintained the undifferentiated state of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) without exogenous stimulation and also supported endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm differentiation of mESCs under serum-free conditions. Moreover, 3D mPSC-derived mesodermal cells showed accelerated osteogenic differentiation, giving rise to functional osteoblast-osteocyte populations within calcified structures. The present strategy offers a 3D platform suitable for the formation of organoids that mimic in vivo organs containing various cell types, and it may be adaptable to the generation of ectoderm-, mesoderm-, and endoderm-derived tissues when combined with appropriate differentiation treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Zujur
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kanke
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Alexander C. Lichtler
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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30
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Kang ES, Kim DS, Suhito IR, Choo SS, Kim SJ, Song I, Kim TH. Guiding osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells using carbon-based nanomaterials. NANO CONVERGENCE 2017; 4:2. [PMID: 28191446 PMCID: PMC5271168 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-017-0096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the field of regenerative medicine, stem cells are highly promising due to their innate ability to generate multiple types of cells that could replace/repair damaged parts of human organs and tissues. It has been reported that both in vitro and in vivo function/survival of stem cells could significantly be improved by utilizing functional materials such as biodegradable polymers, metal composites, nanopatterns and nanohybrid particles. Of various biocompatible materials available for use in stem cell-based therapy and research, carbon-based materials-including fullerenes graphene/graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes-have been found to possess unique physicochemical characteristics that contribute to the effective guidance of stem cell differentiation into specific lineages. In this review, we discuss a number of previous reports that investigated the use of carbon-based materials to control stem cell behavior, with a particular focus on their immense potential to guide the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We hope that this review will provide information on the full potential of using various carbon-based materials in stem cell-mediated regenerative therapy, particularly for bone regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee-Seul Kang
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Seul Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Intan Rosalina Suhito
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Sik Choo
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Inbeom Song
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
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31
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Lee J, Abdeen AA, Tang X, Saif TA, Kilian KA. Matrix directed adipogenesis and neurogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue and bone marrow. Acta Biomater 2016; 42:46-55. [PMID: 27375285 PMCID: PMC5003770 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into multiple lineages through guidance from the biophysical and biochemical properties of the extracellular matrix. In this work we conduct a combinatorial study of matrix properties that influence adipogenesis and neurogenesis including: adhesion proteins, stiffness, and cell geometry, for mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) and bone marrow (BM-MSCs). We uncover distinct differences in integrin expression, the magnitude of traction stress, and lineage specification to adipocytes and neuron-like cells between cell sources. In the absence of media supplements, adipogenesis in AT-MSCs is not significantly influenced by matrix properties, while the converse is true in BM-MSCs. Both cell types show changes in the expression of neurogenesis markers as matrix cues are varied. When cultured on laminin conjugated microislands of the same adhesive area, BM-MSCs display elevated adipogenesis markers, while AT-MSCs display elevated neurogenesis markers; integrin analysis suggests neurogenesis in AT-MSCs is guided by adhesion through integrin αvβ3. Overall, the properties of the extracellular matrix guides MSC adhesion and lineage specification to different degrees and outcomes, in spite of their similarities in general characteristics. This work will help guide the selection of MSCs and matrix components for applications where high fidelity of differentiation outcome is desired. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell type for stem cell therapies; however, in order for these cells to be useful in medicine, we need to understand how they respond to the physical and chemical environments of tissue. Here, we explore how two promising sources of MSCs-those derived from bone marrow and from adipose tissue-respond to the compliance and composition of tissue using model extracellular matrices. Our results demonstrate a source-specific propensity to undergo adipogenesis and neurogenesis, and uncover a role for adhesion, and the degree of traction force exerted on the substrate in guiding these lineage outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amr A Abdeen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xin Tang
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Taher A Saif
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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32
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Song NJ, Kim S, Jang BH, Chang SH, Yun UJ, Park KM, Waki H, Li DY, Tontonoz P, Park KW. Small Molecule-Induced Complement Factor D (Adipsin) Promotes Lipid Accumulation and Adipocyte Differentiation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162228. [PMID: 27611793 PMCID: PMC5017651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are differentiated by various transcriptional cascades integrated on the master regulator, Pparγ. To discover new genes involved in adipocyte differentiation, preadipocytes were treated with three newly identified pro-adipogenic small molecules and GW7845 (a Pparγ agonist) for 24 hours and transcriptional profiling was analyzed. Four genes, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparγ), human complement factor D homolog (Cfd), Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 9 (Ccl9), and GIPC PDZ Domain Containing Family Member 2 (Gipc2) were induced by at least two different small molecules but not by GW7845. Cfd and Ccl9 expressions were specific to adipocytes and they were altered in obese mice. Small hairpin RNA (shRNA) mediated knockdown of Cfd in preadipocytes inhibited lipid accumulation and expression of adipocyte markers during adipocyte differentiation. Overexpression of Cfd promoted adipocyte differentiation, increased C3a production, and led to induction of C3a receptor (C3aR) target gene expression. Similarly, treatments with C3a or C3aR agonist (C4494) also promoted adipogenesis. C3aR knockdown suppressed adipogenesis and impaired the pro-adipogenic effects of Cfd, further suggesting the necessity for C3aR signaling in Cfd-mediated pro-adipogenic axis. Together, these data show the action of Cfd in adipogenesis and underscore the application of small molecules to identify genes in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- No-Joon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Suji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Jang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Seo-Hyuk Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ui Jeong Yun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ki-Moon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hironori Waki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113–8655, Japan
| | - Dean Y. Li
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United States of America
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States of America
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Irvine SA, Venkatraman SS. Bioprinting and Differentiation of Stem Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:E1188. [PMID: 27617991 PMCID: PMC6273261 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3D bioprinting of stem cells directly into scaffolds offers great potential for the development of regenerative therapies; in particular for the fabrication of organ and tissue substitutes. For this to be achieved; the lineage fate of bioprinted stem cell must be controllable. Bioprinting can be neutral; allowing culture conditions to trigger differentiation or alternatively; the technique can be designed to be stimulatory. Such factors as the particular bioprinting technique; bioink polymers; polymer cross-linking mechanism; bioink additives; and mechanical properties are considered. In addition; it is discussed that the stimulation of stem cell differentiation by bioprinting may lead to the remodeling and modification of the scaffold over time matching the concept of 4D bioprinting. The ability to tune bioprinting properties as an approach to fabricate stem cell bearing scaffolds and to also harness the benefits of the cells multipotency is of considerable relevance to the field of biomaterials and bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Irvine
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Subbu S Venkatraman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Kharaziha M, Memic A, Akbari M, Brafman DA, Nikkhah M. Nano-Enabled Approaches for Stem Cell-Based Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1533-53. [PMID: 27199266 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac diseases are the most prevalent causes of mortality in the world, putting a major economic burden on global healthcare system. Tissue engineering strategies aim at developing efficient therapeutic approaches to overcome the current challenges in prolonging patients survival upon cardiac diseases. The integration of advanced biomaterials and stem cells has offered enormous promises for regeneration of damaged myocardium. Natural or synthetic biomaterials have been extensively used to deliver cells or bioactive molecules to the site of injury in heart. Additionally, nano-enabled approaches (e.g., nanomaterials, nanofeatured surfaces) have been instrumental in developing suitable scaffolding biomaterials and regulating stem cells microenvironment to achieve functional therapeutic outcomes. This review article explores tissue engineering strategies, which have emphasized on the use of nano-enabled approaches in combination with stem cells for regeneration and repair of injured myocardium upon myocardial infarction (MI). Primarily a wide range of biomaterials, along with different types of stem cells, which have utilized in cardiac tissue engineering will be presented. Then integration of nanomaterials and surface nanotopographies with biomaterials and stem cells for myocardial regeneration will be presented. The advantages and challenges of these approaches will be reviewed and future perspective will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Kharaziha
- Biomaterials Research Group; Department of Materials Engineering; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 8415683111 Iran
| | - Adnan Memic
- Center of Nanotechnology; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Victoria; Victoria BC Canada
| | - David A. Brafman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE) Harington; Bioengineering Program; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE) Harington; Bioengineering Program; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
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Berns EJ, Cabezas MD, Mrksich M. Cellular Assays with a Molecular Endpoint Measured by SAMDI Mass Spectrometry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:3811-8. [PMID: 27240220 PMCID: PMC4981186 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based, high-throughput screening (HTS) assays are increasingly important tools used in drug discovery, but frequently rely on readouts of gene expression or phenotypic changes and require development of specialized, labeled reporters. Here a cell-based, label-free assay compatible with HTS is introduced that can report quantitatively on enzyme activities by measuring mass changes of substrates with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The assay uses self-assembled monolayers to culture cells on arrays presenting substrates, which serve as reporters for a desired enzyme activity. Each spot of cells is treated with a compound, cultured and lysed, enabling endogenous enzymes to act on the immobilized peptide substrate. It is demonstrated that the assay can measure protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity from as few as five cells and a screen is described that identifies a compound that reduces PTP activity in cell lysates. This approach offers a valuable addition to the methods available for cell-based screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Berns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Maria D. Cabezas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
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36
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Halder D, Kim GH, Shin I. Synthetic small molecules that induce neuronal differentiation in neuroblastoma and fibroblast cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:2727-37. [PMID: 25872738 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00161g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An investigation was conducted to demonstrate that neurodazine (Nz) and neurodazole (Nzl), two imidazole-based small molecules, promote neuronal differentiation in both neuroblastoma and fibroblast cells. The results show that differentiated cells generated by treatment with Nz and Nzl express neuron-specific markers. The ability of Nz and Nzl to induce neurogenesis of neuroblastoma and fibroblast cells was found to be comparable to those of the known neurogenic factors, retinoic acid and trichostatin A. In addition, the cells differentiated by Nz and Nzl are observed to express different isoforms of glutamate receptors. The results of signaling pathway studies reveal that two substances enhance neurogenesis in neuroblastoma cells by activating Wnt and Shh signaling pathways and neurogenesis in fibroblast cells by mainly activating the Wnt signaling pathway. Observations made in the present study suggest that Nz and Nzl will serve as chemical tools to generate specific populations of neuronal cells from readily available and simply manageable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Halder
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
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A Flavonoid Compound Promotes Neuronal Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells via PPAR-β Modulating Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157747. [PMID: 27315062 PMCID: PMC4912105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatively little is known regarding mitochondrial metabolism in neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells. By using a small molecule, present research has investigated the pattern of cellular energy metabolism in neural progenitor cells derived from mouse ES cells. Flavonoid compound 4a faithfully facilitated ES cells to differentiate into neurons morphologically and functionally. The expression and localization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) were examined in neural progenitor cells. PPAR-β expression showed robust upregulation compared to solvent control. Treatment with PPAR-β agonist L165041 alone or together with compound 4a significantly promoted neuronal differentiation, while antagonist GSK0660 blocked the neurogenesis-promoting effect of compound 4a. Consistently, knockdown of PPAR-β in ES cells abolished compound 4a-induced neuronal differentiation. Interestingly, we found that mitochondrial fusion protein Mfn2 was also abolished by sh-PPAR-β, resulting in abnormal mitochondrial Ca2+ ([Ca2+]M) transients as well as impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics. In conclusion, we demonstrated that by modulating mitochondrial energy metabolism through Mfn2 and mitochondrial Ca2+, PPAR-β took an important role in neuronal differentiation induced by flavonoid compound 4a.
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Ali D, Hamam R, Alfayez M, Kassem M, Aldahmash A, Alajez NM. Epigenetic Library Screen Identifies Abexinostat as Novel Regulator of Adipocytic and Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Skeletal (Mesenchymal) Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1036-47. [PMID: 27194745 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : The epigenetic mechanisms promoting lineage-specific commitment of human skeletal (mesenchymal or stromal) stem cells (hMSCs) into adipocytes or osteoblasts are still not fully understood. Herein, we performed an epigenetic library functional screen and identified several novel compounds, including abexinostat, which promoted adipocytic and osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs. Using gene expression microarrays, chromatin immunoprecipitation for H3K9Ac combined with high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq), and bioinformatics, we identified several key genes involved in regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation that were targeted by abexinostat. Concordantly, ChIP-quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed marked increase in H3K9Ac epigenetic mark on the promoter region of AdipoQ, FABP4, PPARγ, KLF15, CEBPA, SP7, and ALPL in abexinostat-treated hMSCs. Pharmacological inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (PF-573228) or insulin-like growth factor-1R/insulin receptor (NVP-AEW51) signaling exhibited significant inhibition of abexinostat-mediated adipocytic differentiation, whereas inhibition of WNT (XAV939) or transforming growth factor-β (SB505124) signaling abrogated abexinostat-mediated osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Our findings provide insight into the understanding of the relationship between the epigenetic effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors, transcription factors, and differentiation pathways governing adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation. Manipulating such pathways allows a novel use for epigenetic compounds in hMSC-based therapies and tissue engineering. SIGNIFICANCE This unbiased epigenetic library functional screen identified several novel compounds, including abexinostat, that promoted adipocytic and osteoblastic differentiation of human skeletal (mesenchymal or stromal) stem cells (hMSCs). These data provide new insight into the understanding of the relationship between the epigenetic effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors, transcription factors, and differentiation pathways controlling adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs. Manipulating such pathways allows a novel use for epigenetic compounds in hMSC-based therapies for tissue engineering, bone disease, obesity, and metabolic-disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ali
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rimi Hamam
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaed Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abdullah Aldahmash
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Prince Naif Health Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Soltani L, Rahmani HR, Daliri Joupari M, Ghaneialvar H, Mahdavi AH, Shamsara M. Ovine fetal mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to cardiomyocytes, effects of co-culture, role of small molecules; reversine and 5-azacytidine. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:250-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Soltani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahmani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - Morteza Daliri Joupari
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB); Tehran Iran
| | - Hori Ghaneialvar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB); Tehran Iran
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40
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Coyle R, Jia J, Mei Y. Polymer microarray technology for stem cell engineering. Acta Biomater 2016; 34:60-72. [PMID: 26497624 PMCID: PMC4811723 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells hold remarkable promise for applications in tissue engineering and disease modeling. During the past decade, significant progress has been made in developing soluble factors (e.g., small molecules and growth factors) to direct stem cells into a desired phenotype. However, the current lack of suitable synthetic materials to regulate stem cell activity has limited the realization of the enormous potential of stem cells. This can be attributed to a large number of materials properties (e.g., chemical structures and physical properties of materials) that can affect stem cell fate. This makes it challenging to design biomaterials to direct stem cell behavior. To address this, polymer microarray technology has been developed to rapidly identify materials for a variety of stem cell applications. In this article, we summarize recent developments in polymer array technology and their applications in stem cell engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Stem cells hold remarkable promise for applications in tissue engineering and disease modeling. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in developing chemically defined media to direct stem cells into a desired phenotype. However, the current lack of the suitable synthetic materials to regulate stem cell activities has been limiting the realization of the potential of stem cells. This can be attributed to the number of variables in material properties (e.g., chemical structures and physical properties) that can affect stem cells. Polymer microarray technology has shown to be a powerful tool to rapidly identify materials for a variety of stem cell applications. Here we summarize recent developments in polymer array technology and their applications in stem cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Coyle
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jia Jia
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ying Mei
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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41
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Kim HD, Lee EA, Choi YH, An YH, Koh RH, Kim SL, Hwang NS. High throughput approaches for controlled stem cell differentiation. Acta Biomater 2016; 34:21-29. [PMID: 26884279 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have unique ability to undergo self-renewal indefinitely in culture and potential to differentiate into almost all cell types in the human body. However, the developing a method for efficiently differentiating or manipulating these stem cells for therapeutic purposes remains a challenging problem. Pluripotent stem cells, as well as adult stem cells, require biological cues for their proliferation and differentiation. These cues are largely controlled by cell-cell, cell-insoluble factors (such as extracellular matrix), and cell-soluble factors (such as cytokine or growth factors) interactions. In this review, we describe a state of research on various stem cell-based tissue engineering applications and high throughput strategies for developing synthetic or biosynthetic microenvironments to allow efficient commitments in stem cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Nowadays, pluripotency of stem cells have received much attention to use therapeutic purpose. However, a major difficulty with stem cell therapy is to control its differentiation through desired cells or tissues. In other words, various microenvironment factors are involved during stem cell differentiation, including dimensionality, growth factors, cell junctions, nutritional status, matrix stiffness, matrix composition, mechanical stress, and cell-matrix adhesion. Therefore, researchers have engineered a variety of platforms to enable controlling and monitoring bioactive factors to induce stem cell commitment. In this review, we report on recent advancements in a novel technology based on high-throughput strategies for stem cell-based tissue engineering applications.
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Kumar S, Raj S, Sarkar K, Chatterjee K. Engineering a multi-biofunctional composite using poly(ethylenimine) decorated graphene oxide for bone tissue regeneration. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:6820-36. [PMID: 26955801 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06906h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Toward preparing strong multi-biofunctional materials, poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) conjugated graphene oxide (GO_PEI) was synthesized using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a spacer and incorporated in poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) at different fractions. GO_PEI significantly promoted the proliferation and formation of focal adhesions in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on PCL. GO_PEI was highly potent in inducing stem cell osteogenesis leading to near doubling of alkaline phosphatase expression and mineralization over neat PCL with 5% filler content and was ≈50% better than GO. Remarkably, 5% GO_PEI was as potent as soluble osteoinductive factors. Increased adsorption of osteogenic factors due to the amine and oxygen containing functional groups on GO_PEI augment stem cell differentiation. GO_PEI was also highly efficient in imparting bactericidal activity with 85% reduction in counts of E. coli colonies compared to neat PCL at 5% filler content and was more than twice as efficient as GO. This may be attributed to the synergistic effect of the sharp edges of the particles along with the presence of the different chemical moieties. Thus, GO_PEI based polymer composites can be utilized to prepare bioactive resorbable biomaterials as an alternative to using labile biomolecules for fabricating orthopedic devices for fracture fixation and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Shammy Raj
- Department of Materials Engineering, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Kishor Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Ma Y, Policastro GM, Li Q, Zheng J, Jacquet R, Landis WJ, Becker ML. Concentration-Dependent hMSC Differentiation on Orthogonal Concentration Gradients of GRGDS and BMP-2 Peptides. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1486-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanrui Ma
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Gina M. Policastro
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Qiyao Li
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Jukuan Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Robin Jacquet
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - William J. Landis
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Matthew L. Becker
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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44
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Lazarov O, Hollands C. Hippocampal neurogenesis: Learning to remember. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 138-140:1-18. [PMID: 26855369 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly, is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. It has become increasingly clear that while neuronal cell loss in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus occurs in Alzheimer's disease, it is preceded by a long period of deficits in the connectivity of the hippocampal formation that contributes to the vulnerability of these circuits. Hippocampal neurogenesis plays a role in the maintenance and function of the dentate gyrus and hippocampal circuitry. This review will examine the evidence suggesting that hippocampal neurogenesis plays a role in cognitive function that is affected in Alzheimer's disease, will discuss the cognitive assessments used for the detection of Alzheimer's disease in humans and rodent models of familial Alzheimer's disease, and their value for unraveling the mechanism underlying the development of cognitive impairments and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Carolyn Hollands
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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45
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Khanabdali R, Saadat A, Fazilah M, Bazli KFK, Qazi REM, Khalid RS, Hasan Adli DS, Moghadamtousi SZ, Naeem N, Khan I, Salim A, Shamsuddin SA, Mohan G. Promoting effect of small molecules in cardiomyogenic and neurogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 10:81-91. [PMID: 26766903 PMCID: PMC4699543 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s89658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules, growth factors, and cytokines have been used to induce differentiation of stem cells into different lineages. Similarly, demethylating agents can trigger differentiation in adult stem cells. Here, we investigated the in vitro differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into cardiomyocytes by a demethylating agent, zebularine, as well as neuronal-like cells by β-mercaptoethanol in a growth factor or cytokines-free media. Isolated bone marrow-derived MSCs cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology. These cells expressed positive markers for CD29, CD44, and CD117 and were negative for CD34 and CD45. After treatment with 1 μM zebularine for 24 hours, the MSCs formed myotube-like structures after 10 days in culture. Expression of cardiac-specific genes showed that treated MSCs expressed significantly higher levels of cardiac troponin-T, Nkx2.5, and GATA-4 compared with untreated cells. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that differentiated cells also expressed cardiac proteins, GATA-4, Nkx 2.5, and cardiac troponin-T. For neuronal differentiation, MSCs were treated with 1 and 10 mM β-mercaptoethanol overnight for 3 hours in complete and serum-free Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, respectively. Following overnight treatment, neuron-like cells with axonal and dendritic-like projections originating from the cell body toward the neighboring cells were observed in the culture. The mRNA expression of neuronal-specific markers, Map2, Nefl, Tau, and Nestin, was significantly higher, indicating that the treated cells differentiated into neuronal-like cells. Immunostaining showed that differentiated cells were positive for the neuronal markers Flk, Nef, Nestin, and β-tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Khanabdali
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anbarieh Saadat
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maizatul Fazilah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Rida-e-Maria Qazi
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ramla Sana Khalid
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Nadia Naeem
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khan
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Gokula Mohan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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46
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DeBoer EM, Anderson SA. Fate determination of cerebral cortical GABAergic interneurons and their derivation from stem cells. Brain Res 2015; 1655:277-282. [PMID: 26723568 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cortical GABAergic interneurons modulate cortical excitation, and their dysfunction is implicated in a multitude of neuropsychiatric disorders including autism, schizophrenia and epilepsy. Consequently, the study of cortical interneuron development, and their derivation from stem cells for transplantation therapy, has garnered intense scientific interest. In this review, we discuss some of the molecular signals involved in cortical interneuron fate determination, and describe how this has informed the use of mouse and human embryonic stem cell biology in generating cortical interneurons in vitro. We highlight the tremendous progress that has been made recently using stem cells to derive cortical interneurons, as well as challenges that have arisen. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:StemsCellsinPsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M DeBoer
- Department of Psychiatry, Children׳s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, ARC 517, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5127, USA.
| | - Stewart A Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Children׳s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, ARC 517, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5127, USA.
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47
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Wang W, Li M, Wang Y, Li Q, Deng G, Wan J, Yang Q, Chen Q, Wang J. GSK-3β inhibitor TWS119 attenuates rtPA-induced hemorrhagic transformation and activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway after acute ischemic stroke in rats. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:7028-7036. [PMID: 26671619 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a devastating complication for patients with acute ischemic stroke who are treated with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). It is associated with high morbidity and mortality, but no effective treatments are currently available to reduce HT risk. Therefore, methods to prevent HT are urgently needed. In this study, we used TWS119, an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), to evaluate the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in recombinant tPA (rtPA)-induced HT. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke and then were administered rtPA, rtPA combined with TWS119, or vehicle at 4 h. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after infarct induction. Rats treated with rtPA showed evident HT, had more severe neurologic deficit, brain edema, and blood-brain barrier breakdown, and had larger infarction volume than did the vehicle group. Rats treated with TWS119 had significantly improved outcomes compared with those of rats treated with rtPA alone. In addition, Western blot analysis showed that TWS119 increased the protein expression of β-catenin, claudin-3, and ZO-1 while suppressing the expression of GSK-3β. These results suggest that TWS119 reduces rtPA-induced HT and attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption, possibly through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study provides a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent tPA-induced HT after acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Ross Bldg 370B, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jieru Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Ross Bldg 370B, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Qingwu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Ross Bldg 370B, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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48
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Akhmanova M, Osidak E, Domogatsky S, Rodin S, Domogatskaya A. Physical, Spatial, and Molecular Aspects of Extracellular Matrix of In Vivo Niches and Artificial Scaffolds Relevant to Stem Cells Research. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:167025. [PMID: 26351461 PMCID: PMC4553184 DOI: 10.1155/2015/167025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix can influence stem cell choices, such as self-renewal, quiescence, migration, proliferation, phenotype maintenance, differentiation, or apoptosis. Three aspects of extracellular matrix were extensively studied during the last decade: physical properties, spatial presentation of adhesive epitopes, and molecular complexity. Over 15 different parameters have been shown to influence stem cell choices. Physical aspects include stiffness (or elasticity), viscoelasticity, pore size, porosity, amplitude and frequency of static and dynamic deformations applied to the matrix. Spatial aspects include scaffold dimensionality (2D or 3D) and thickness; cell polarity; area, shape, and microscale topography of cell adhesion surface; epitope concentration, epitope clustering characteristics (number of epitopes per cluster, spacing between epitopes within cluster, spacing between separate clusters, cluster patterns, and level of disorder in epitope arrangement), and nanotopography. Biochemical characteristics of natural extracellular matrix molecules regard diversity and structural complexity of matrix molecules, affinity and specificity of epitope interaction with cell receptors, role of non-affinity domains, complexity of supramolecular organization, and co-signaling by growth factors or matrix epitopes. Synergy between several matrix aspects enables stem cells to retain their function in vivo and may be a key to generation of long-term, robust, and effective in vitro stem cell culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Egor Osidak
- Imtek Limited, 3 Cherepkovskaya 15, Moscow 21552, Russia
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology Federal State Budgetary Institution, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gamalei 18, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Sergey Domogatsky
- Imtek Limited, 3 Cherepkovskaya 15, Moscow 21552, Russia
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Center Federal State Budgetary Institution, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 3 Cherepkovskaya 15, Moscow 21552, Russia
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Domogatskaya
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Manganelli G, Masullo U, Filosa S. HTS/HCS to screen molecules able to maintain embryonic stem cell self-renewal or to induce differentiation: overview of protocols. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 10:802-19. [PMID: 25007774 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells, combining self-renewal ability with wide range tissue-specific cell differentiation, represent one of the most powerful model systems in basic research, drug discovery and biomedical applications. In the field of drug development, ES cells are instrumental in high-throughput/content screening (HTS/HCS) for the evaluation of large compound libraries to test biological activity and toxic properties. Since it is a high priority to test new compounds in vitro, before starting animal and human treatments, there is an increasing demand for new in vitro models that can be used in HTS/HCS to facilitate drug development. In order to achieve this objective, several methods for ES cell self-renewal or differentiation have been evaluated to assess their compatibility with HTS/HCS. This review describes protocols used to screen molecules able to maintain self-renewal or to induce differentiation in ectodermal, mesodermal, endodermal, and their derivative cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesia Manganelli
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse , UOS Napoli -CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy,
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Griffin MF, Butler PE, Seifalian AM, Kalaskar DM. Control of stem cell fate by engineering their micro and nanoenvironment. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:37-50. [PMID: 25621104 PMCID: PMC4300935 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are capable of long-term self-renewal and differentiation into specialised cell types, making them an ideal candidate for a cell source for regenerative medicine. The control of stem cell fate has become a major area of interest in the field of regenerative medicine and therapeutic intervention. Conventional methods of chemically inducing stem cells into specific lineages is being challenged by the advances in biomaterial technology, with evidence highlighting that material properties are capable of driving stem cell fate. Materials are being designed to mimic the clues stem cells receive in their in vivo stem cell niche including topographical and chemical instructions. Nanotopographical clues that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) in vivo have shown to regulate stem cell differentiation. The delivery of ECM components on biomaterials in the form of short peptides sequences has also proved successful in directing stem cell lineage. Growth factors responsible for controlling stem cell fate in vivo have also been delivered via biomaterials to provide clues to determine stem cell differentiation. An alternative approach to guide stem cells fate is to provide genetic clues including delivering DNA plasmids and small interfering RNAs via scaffolds. This review, aims to provide an overview of the topographical, chemical and molecular clues that biomaterials can provide to guide stem cell fate. The promising features and challenges of such approaches will be highlighted, to provide directions for future advancements in this exciting area of stem cell translation for regenerative medicine.
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