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Song Q, Li XH, Lu JS, Chen QY, Liu RH, Zhou SB, Zhuo M. Enhanced long-term potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex of tree shrew. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230240. [PMID: 38853555 PMCID: PMC11343311 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is a key cellular model for learning, memory and chronic pain. Most previous studies were carried out in rats and mice, and less is known about synaptic plasticity in non-human primates. In the present study, we used integrative experimental approaches to study long-term potentiation (LTP) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of adult tree shrews. We found that glutamate is the major excitatory transmitter and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionicacid (AMPA) receptors mediate postsynaptic responses. LTP in tree shrews was greater than that in adult mice and lasted for at least 5 h. N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors, Ca2+ influx and adenylyl cyclase 1 (AC1) contributed to tree shrew LTP. Our results suggest that LTP is a major form of synaptic plasticity in the ACC of primate-like animals. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Song
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, People's Republic of China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Core Facilities Sharing Platform, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Hui Li
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Shan Lu
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Yu Chen
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Hao Liu
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Bo Zhou
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, OntarioM5S 1A8, Canada
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou325000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou510030, People's Republic of China
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2
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Li C, Cai Y, Luo L, Tian G, Wang X, Yan A, Wang L, Wu S, Wu Z, Zhang T, Chen W, Zhang Z. TC-14, a cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and high safety profile. iScience 2024; 27:110404. [PMID: 39092176 PMCID: PMC11292558 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidins, a major class of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), hold considerable potential for antimicrobial drug development. In the present study, we identified a novel cathelicidin AMP (TC-33) derived from the Chinese tree shrew. Despite TC-33 demonstrating weak antimicrobial activity, the novel peptide TC-14, developed based on its active region, exhibited a 432-fold increase in antimicrobial activity over the parent peptide. Structural analysis revealed that TC-14 adopted an amphipathic α-helical conformation. The bactericidal mechanism of TC-14 involved targeting and disrupting the bacterial membrane, leading to rapid membrane permeabilization and rupture. Furthermore, TC-14 exhibited a high-safety profile, as evidenced by the absence of cytotoxic and hemolytic activities, as well as high biocompatibility and safety in vivo. Of note, its potent antimicrobial activity provided significant protection in a murine model of skin infection. Overall, this study presents TC-14 as a promising drug candidate for antimicrobial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital Yunnan, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital Yunnan, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Gengzhou Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - An Yan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Liunan Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Sijing Wu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhongxiang Wu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital Yunnan, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhiye Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China
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3
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Villagra UMM, da Cunha BR, Polachini GM, Henrique T, Stefanini ACB, de Castro TB, da Silva CHTP, Feitosa OA, Fukuyama EE, López RVM, Dias-Neto E, Nunes FD, Severino P, Tajara EH. Expression of Truncated Products at the 5'-Terminal Region of RIPK2 and Evolutive Aspects that Support Their Biological Importance. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae106. [PMID: 38752399 PMCID: PMC11221433 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is the process of generating different mRNAs from the same primary transcript, which contributes to increase the transcriptome and proteome diversity. Abnormal splicing has been associated with the development of several diseases including cancer. Given that mutations and abnormal levels of the RIPK2 transcript and RIP-2 protein are frequent in tumors, and that RIP-2 modulates immune and inflammatory responses, we investigated alternative splicing events that result in partial deletions of the kinase domain at the N-terminus of RIP-2. We also investigated the structure and expression of the RIPK2 truncated variants and isoforms in different environments. In addition, we searched data throughout Supraprimates evolution that could support the biological importance of RIPK2 alternatively spliced products. We observed that human variants and isoforms were differentially regulated following temperature stress, and that the truncated transcript was more expressed than the long transcript in tumor samples. The inverse was found for the longer protein isoform. The truncated variant was also detected in chimpanzee, gorilla, hare, pika, mouse, rat, and tree shrew. The fact that the same variant has been preserved in mammals with divergence times up to 70 million years raises the hypothesis that it may have a functional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises M M Villagra
- Faculty of Exact Sciences, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Institute (IBBM), National University of La Plata-CCT, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Bianca R da Cunha
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo/USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana M Polachini
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Henrique
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Buzzo Stefanini
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo/USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tialfi Bergamin de Castro
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Microbial Pathogenesis Department, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carlos H T P da Silva
- Computational Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Olavo A Feitosa
- Computational Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Erica E Fukuyama
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho Cancer Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rossana V M López
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, State of São Paulo Cancer Institute—ICESP, Clinics Hospital, Sao Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio D Nunes
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo/USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Severino
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo/USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eloiza H Tajara
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo/USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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4
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Son D, Kong Y, Tan Y, Hu T, Shi L, Yi SV. Whole-genome DNA methylomes of Tree shrew brains reveal conserved and divergent roles of DNA methylation on sex chromosome regulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597676. [PMID: 38895372 PMCID: PMC11185668 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) is a promising emerging model organism in biomedical studies, notably due to their evolutionary proximity to primates. To enhance our understanding of how DNA methylation is implicated in regulation of gene expression and the X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in tree shrew brains, here we present their first genome-wide, single-base-resolution methylomes integrated with transcriptomes from prefrontal cortices. We discovered both divergent and conserved features of tree shrew DNA methylation compared to that of other mammals. DNA methylation levels of promoter and gene body regions are negatively correlated with gene expression, consistent with patterns in other mammalian brains studied. Comparing DNA methylation patterns of the female and male X chromosomes, we observed a clear and significant global reduction (hypomethylation) of DNA methylation across the entire X chromosome in females. Our data suggests that the female X hypomethylation does not directly contribute to the gene silencing of the inactivated X chromosome nor does it significantly drive sex-specific gene expression of tree shrews. However, we identified a putative regulatory region in the 5' end of the X inactive specific transcript (Xist) gene, a key gene for XCI, whose pattern of differential DNA methylation strongly relate to its differential expression between male and female tree shrews. We show that differential methylation of this region is conserved across different species. Moreover, we provide evidence suggesting that the observed difference between human and tree shrew X-linked promoter methylation is associated with the difference in genomic CpG contents. Our study offers novel information on genomic DNA methylation of tree shrews, as well as insights into the evolution of X chromosome regulation in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Son
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara
| | - Yifan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, P.R. China
| | - Yulian Tan
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650107, P.R. China
| | - Ting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650107, P.R. China
| | - Soojin V. Yi
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara
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5
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Canova PN, Charron AJ, Leib DA. Models of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency. Viruses 2024; 16:747. [PMID: 38793628 PMCID: PMC11125678 DOI: 10.3390/v16050747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of HSV latency is based on a variety of clinical observations, and in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro model systems, each with unique advantages and drawbacks. The criteria for authentically modeling HSV latency include the ability to easily manipulate host genetics and biological pathways, as well as mimicking the immune response and viral pathogenesis in human infections. Although realistically modeling HSV latency is necessary when choosing a model, the cost, time requirement, ethical constraints, and reagent availability are also equally important. Presently, there remains a pressing need for in vivo models that more closely recapitulate human HSV infection. While the current in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro models used to study HSV latency have limitations, they provide further insights that add to our understanding of latency. In vivo models have shed light on natural infection routes and the interplay between the host immune response and the virus during latency, while in vitro models have been invaluable in elucidating molecular pathways involved in latency. Below, we review the relative advantages and disadvantages of current HSV models and highlight insights gained through each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige N. Canova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA;
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - Audra J. Charron
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - David A. Leib
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
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6
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Zhang L, Shi Y, Liang B, Li X. An overview of the cholesterol metabolism and its proinflammatory role in the development of MASLD. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0434. [PMID: 38696365 PMCID: PMC11068152 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential lipid molecule in mammalian cells. It is not only involved in the formation of cell membranes but also serves as a raw material for the synthesis of bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones. Additionally, it acts as a covalent modifier of proteins and plays a crucial role in numerous life processes. Generally, the metabolic processes of cholesterol absorption, synthesis, conversion, and efflux are strictly regulated. Excessive accumulation of cholesterol in the body is a risk factor for metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In this review, we first provide an overview of the discovery of cholesterol and the fundamental process of cholesterol metabolism. We then summarize the relationship between dietary cholesterol intake and the risk of developing MASLD, and also the animal models of MASLD specifically established with a cholesterol-containing diet. In the end, the role of cholesterol-induced inflammation in the initiation and development of MASLD is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqiang Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiong Shi
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Center for Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang C, Zhong L, Xu J, Zhuang Q, Gong F, Chen X, Tao H, Hu C, Huang F, Yang N, Li J, Zhao Q, Sun X, Huo Y, Chen Q, Zhao Y, Peng R, Liu Z. Oncolytic mineralized bacteria as potent locally administered immunotherapeutics. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:561-578. [PMID: 38514774 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic bacteria can trigger innate immune activity. However, the antitumour efficacy of inactivated bacteria is poor, and attenuated live bacteria pose substantial safety risks. Here we show that intratumourally injected paraformaldehyde-fixed bacteria coated with manganese dioxide potently activate innate immune activity, modulate the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment and trigger tumour-specific immune responses and abscopal antitumour responses. A single intratumoural administration of mineralized Salmonella typhimurium suppressed the growth of multiple types of subcutaneous and orthotopic tumours in mice, rabbits and tree shrews and protected the cured animals against tumour rechallenge. We also show that mineralized bacteria can be administered via arterial embolization to treat orthotopic liver cancer in rabbits. Our findings support the further translational testing of oncolytic mineralized bacteria as potent and safe antitumour immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenya Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhong
- National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiachen Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhuang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Gong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiquan Tao
- InnoBM Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Cong Hu
- National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fuquan Huang
- National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Nailin Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junyan Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- InnoBM Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Xinjun Sun
- National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Huo
- National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Rui Peng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- InnoBM Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Suzhou, China.
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8
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Li H, Xiang BL, Li X, Li C, Li Y, Miao Y, Ma GL, Ma YH, Chen JQ, Zhang QY, Lv LB, Zheng P, Bi R, Yao YG. Cognitive Deficits and Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathologies in the Aged Chinese Tree Shrew. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1892-1906. [PMID: 37814108 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. It has an increasing prevalence and a growing health burden. One of the limitations in studying AD is the lack of animal models that show features of Alzheimer's pathogenesis. The tree shrew has a much closer genetic affinity to primates than to rodents and has great potential to be used for research into aging and AD. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether tree shrews naturally develop cognitive impairment and major AD-like pathologies with increasing age. Pole-board and novel object recognition tests were used to assess the cognitive performance of adult (about 1 year old) and aged (6 years old or older) tree shrews. The main AD-like pathologies were assessed by Western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence staining, and Nissl staining. Our results showed that the aged tree shrews developed an impaired cognitive performance compared to the adult tree shrews. Moreover, the aged tree shrews exhibited several age-related phenotypes that are associated with AD, including increased levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and phosphorylated tau protein, synaptic and neuronal loss, and reactive gliosis in the cortex and the hippocampal tissues. Our study provides further evidence that the tree shrew is a promising model for the study of aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo-Lin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Cong Li
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Lan Ma
- Kunming Biological Diversity Regional Center of Large Apparatus and Equipments, Public Technology Service Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu-Hua Ma
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650107, China
| | - Jia-Qi Chen
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650107, China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650107, China
| | - Long-Bao Lv
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650107, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650107, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Rui Bi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650107, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
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9
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Ushirozako G, Murayama N, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Yamazaki H, Uno Y. Novel Tree Shrew Cytochrome P450 2Ds (CYP2D8a and CYP2D8b) Are Functional Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes that Metabolize Bufuralol and Dextromethorphan. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:305-311. [PMID: 38262704 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tree shrews are a nonprimate species used in a range of biomedical studies. Recent genome analysis of tree shrews found that the sequence identities and the numbers of genes of cytochrome P450 (CYP or P450), an important family of drug-metabolizing enzymes, are similar to those of humans. However, tree shrew P450s have not yet been sufficiently identified and analyzed. In this study, novel CYP2D8a and CYP2D8b cDNAs were isolated from tree shrew liver and were characterized, along with human CYP2D6, dog CYP2D15, and pig CYP2D25. The amino acid sequences of these tree shrew CYP2Ds were 75%-78% identical to human CYP2D6, and phylogenetic analysis showed that they were more closely related to human CYP2D6 than rat CYP2Ds, similar to dog and pig CYP2Ds. For tree shrew CYP2D8b, two additional transcripts were isolated that contained different patterns of deletion. The gene and genome structures of CYP2Ds are generally similar in dogs, humans, pigs, and tree shrews. Tree shrew CYP2D8a mRNA was most abundantly expressed in liver, among the tissue types analyzed, similar to dog CYP2D15 and pig CYP2D25 mRNAs. Tree shrew CYP2D8b mRNA was also expressed in liver, but at a level 7.3-fold lower than CYP2D8a mRNA. Liver microsomes and recombinant protein of both tree shrew CYP2Ds metabolized bufuralol and dextromethorphan, selective substrates of human CYP2D6, but the activity level of CYP2D8a greatly exceeded that of CYP2D8b. These results suggest that tree shrew CYP2D8a and CYP2D8b are functional drug-metabolizing enzymes, of which CYP2D8a is the major CYP2D in liver. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Novel tree shrew CYP2D8a and CYP2D8b cDNAs were isolated from liver. Their amino acid sequences were 75%-78% identical to human CYP2D6. For CYP2D8b, two additional transcripts contained different patterns of deletion. Tree shrew CYP2D8a mRNA was abundantly expressed in liver, similar to dog CYP2D15 and pig CYP2D25 mRNAs. Recombinant tree shrew CYP2Ds catalyzed the oxidation of bufuralol and dextromethorphan. Tree shrew CYP2D8a and CYP2D8b are functional drug-metabolizing enzymes, of which CYP2D8a is the major CYP2D in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Ushirozako
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima, Japan (G.U., K.T.-K., Y.U.); and Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (N.M., H.Y.)
| | - Norie Murayama
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima, Japan (G.U., K.T.-K., Y.U.); and Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (N.M., H.Y.)
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima, Japan (G.U., K.T.-K., Y.U.); and Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (N.M., H.Y.)
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima, Japan (G.U., K.T.-K., Y.U.); and Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (N.M., H.Y.)
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima, Japan (G.U., K.T.-K., Y.U.); and Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (N.M., H.Y.)
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10
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Uno Y, Shimizu M, Yamazaki H. A variety of cytochrome P450 enzymes and flavin-containing monooxygenases in dogs and pigs commonly used as preclinical animal models. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116124. [PMID: 38490520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Drug oxygenation is mainly mediated by cytochromes P450 (P450s, CYPs) and flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs). Polymorphic variants of P450s and FMOs are known to influence drug metabolism. Species differences exist in terms of drug metabolism and can be important when determining the contributions of individual enzymes. The success of research into drug-metabolizing enzymes and their impacts on drug discovery and development has been remarkable. Dogs and pigs are often used as preclinical animal models. This research update provides information on P450 and FMO enzymes in dogs and pigs and makes comparisons with their human enzymes. Newly identified dog CYP3A98, a testosterone 6β- and estradiol 16α-hydroxylase, is abundantly expressed in small intestine and is likely the major CYP3A enzyme in small intestine, whereas dog CYP3A12 is the major CYP3A enzyme in liver. The roles of recently identified dog CYP2J2 and pig CYP2J33/34/35 were investigated. FMOs have been characterized in humans and several other species including dogs and pigs. P450 and FMO family members have been characterized also in cynomolgus macaques and common marmosets. P450s have industrial applications and have been the focus of attention of many pharmaceutical companies. The techniques used to investigate the roles of P450/FMO enzymes in drug oxidation and clinical treatments have not yet reached maturity and require further development. The findings summarized here provide a foundation for understanding individual pharmacokinetic and toxicological results in dogs and pigs as preclinical models and will help to further support understanding of the molecular mechanisms of human P450/FMO functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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11
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Uno Y, Makiguchi M, Ushirozako G, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Shimizu M, Yamazaki H. Molecular and functional characterization of flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO1-6) in tree shrews. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 277:109835. [PMID: 38215804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are a family of important drug oxygenation enzymes that, in humans, consist of five functional enzymes (FMO1-5) and a pseudogene (FMO6P). The tree shrew is a non-rodent primate-like species that is used in various biomedical studies, but its usefulness in drug metabolism research has not yet been investigated. In this study, tree shrew FMO1-6 cDNAs were isolated and characterized by sequence analysis, tissue expression, and metabolic function. Compared with human FMOs, tree shrew FMOs showed sequence identities of 85-90 % and 81-89 %, respectively, for cDNA and amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that each tree shrew and human FMO were closely clustered. The genomic and genetic structures of the FMO genes were conserved in tree shrews and humans. Among the five tissue types analyzed (lung, heart, kidney, small intestine, and liver), FMO3 and FMO1 mRNAs were most abundant in liver and kidney, respectively. Recombinant tree shrew FMO1-6 proteins expressed in bacterial membranes all mediated benzydamine and trimethylamine N-oxygenations and methyl p-tolyl sulfide S-oxygenation. The selective human FMO3 substrate trimethylamine was predominantly metabolized by tree shrew FMO3. Additionally, tree shrew FMO6 was active toward trimethylamine, as is cynomolgus macaque FMO6, in contrast with the absence of activity of the human FMO6P pseudogene product. Tree shrew FMO1-6, which are orthologous to human FMOs (FMO1-5 and FMO6P) were identified, and tree shrew FMO3 has functional and molecular features generally comparable to those of human FMO3 as the predominant FMO in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Miaki Makiguchi
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Genki Ushirozako
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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12
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Zheng L, Chen S, Wu Q, Li X, Zeng W, Dong F, An W, Qin F, Lei L, Zhao C. Tree shrews as a new animal model for systemic sclerosis research. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1315198. [PMID: 38343538 PMCID: PMC10853407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1315198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic systemic disease characterized by immune dysregulation and fibrosis for which there is no effective treatment. Animal models are crucial for advancing SSc research. Tree shrews are genetically, anatomically, and immunologically closer to humans than rodents. Thus, the tree shrew model provides a unique opportunity for translational research in SSc. Methods In this study, a SSc tree shrew model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of different doses of bleomycin (BLM) for 21 days. We assessed the degree of inflammation and fibrosis in the skin and internal organs, and antibodies in serum. Furthermore, RNA sequencing and a series of bioinformatics analyses were performed to analyze the transcriptome changes, hub genes and immune infiltration in the skin tissues of BLM induced SSc tree shrew models. Multiple sequence alignment was utilized to analyze the conservation of selected target genes across multiple species. Results Subcutaneous injection of BLM successfully induced a SSc model in tree shrew. This model exhibited inflammation and fibrosis in skin and lung, and some developed esophageal fibrosis and secrum autoantibodies including antinuclear antibodies and anti-scleroderma-70 antibody. Using RNA sequencing, we compiled skin transcriptome profiles in SSc tree shrew models. 90 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which were mainly enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway, tyrosine metabolic pathway, p53 signaling pathway, ECM receptor interaction and glutathione metabolism, all of which are closely associated with SSc. Immune infiltration analysis identified 20 different types of immune cells infiltrating the skin of the BLM-induced SSc tree shrew models and correlations between those immune cells. By constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, we identified 10 hub genes that were significantly highly expressed in the skin of the SSc models compared to controls. Furthermore, these genes were confirmed to be highly conserved in tree shrews, humans and mice. Conclusion This study for the first time comfirmed that tree shrew model of SSc can be used as a novel and promising experimental animal model to study the pathogenesis and translational research in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leting Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shuyuan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiulin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Guangxi Department of Education, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fei Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiwei An
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fang Qin
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ling Lei
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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13
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Ke S, Feng Y, Luo L, Qin W, Liu H, Nie J, Liang B, Ma H, Xie M, Li J, Niu Z, Li G, Tang A, Xia W, He G. Isolation, identification, and induced differentiation of satellite cells from skeletal muscle of adult tree shrews. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:36-53. [PMID: 38127228 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A method for the in vitro isolation, purification, identification, and induced differentiation of satellite cells from adult tree shrew skeletal muscle was established. The mixed enzyme digestion method and differential adhesion method were used to obtain skeletal muscle satellite cells, which were identified and induced to differentiate to verify their pluripotency. The use of a mixture of collagenase II, hyaluronidase IV, and DNase I is an efficient method for isolating adult tree shrew skeletal muscle satellite cells. The P3 generation of cells had good morphology, rapid proliferation, high viability, and an "S"-shaped growth curve. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence staining indicated that marker genes or proteins were expressed in skeletal muscle satellite cells. After myogenic differentiation was induced, multiple-nucleated myotubes were observed, and the MyHC protein was expressed. The expression of myogenic marker genes changed with the differentiation process. After the induction of adipogenic differentiation, orange-red lipid droplets were observed, and the expression of adipogenic marker genes increased gradually with the differentiation process. In summary, satellite cells from adult tree shrew skeletal muscle were successfully isolated using a mixed enzyme digestion method, and their potential for differentiation into myogenic and adipogenic cells was confirmed, laying a foundation for further in vitro study of tree shrew muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Ke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yiwei Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Liying Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wanzhao Qin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Huayu Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingchong Nie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Beijiang Liang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongjie Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Mao Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhijie Niu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Guojian Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Anzhou Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Guangyao He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor(Guangxi Medical University),Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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14
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Uno Y, Minami Y, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Murayama N, Yamazaki H. Identification of cytochrome P450 2C18 and 2C76 in tree shrews: P450 2C18 effectively oxidizes typical human P450 2C9/2C19 chiral substrates warfarin and omeprazole with less stereoselectivity. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115990. [PMID: 38110158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs), especially the CYP2C family, are important drug-metabolizing enzymes that play major roles in drug metabolism. Tree shrews, a non-rodent primate-like species, are used in various fields of biomedical research, notably hepatitis virus infection; however, its drug-metabolizing enzymes have not been fully investigated. In this study, tree shrew CYP2C18, CYP2C76a, CYP2C76b, and CYP2C76c cDNAs were identified and contained open reading frames of 489 or 490 amino acids with high sequence identities (70-78 %) to human CYP2Cs. Tree shrew CYP2C76a, CYP2C76b, and CYP2C76c showed higher sequence identities (79-80 %) to cynomolgus CYP2C76 and were not orthologous to any human CYP2C. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that tree shrew CYP2C18 and CYP2C76s were closely related to rat CYP2Cs and cynomolgus CYP2C76, respectively. Tree shrew CYP2C genes formed a gene cluster similar to human CYP2C genes. All four tree shrew CYP2C mRNAs showed predominant expressions in liver, among the tissue types examined; expression of CYP2C18 mRNA was also detected in small intestine. In liver, CYP2C18 mRNA was the most abundant among the tree shrew CYP2C mRNAs. In metabolic assays using human CYP2C substrates, all tree shrew CYP2Cs showed metabolic activities toward diclofenac, R,S-omeprazole, paclitaxel, and R,S-warfarin, with the activity of CYP2C18 exceeding that of the other CYP2Cs. Moreover, tree shrew CYP2C76 enzymes metabolized progesterone more efficiently than human, cynomolgus, or marmoset CYP2Cs. Therefore, these novel tree shrew CYP2Cs are expressed abundantly in liver, encode functional enzymes that metabolize human CYP2C substrates, and are likely responsible for drug clearances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Yuhki Minami
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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15
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Wang G, Huang Z, Wu Y, Li P, Li J. Primate-like tree shrew will be the preferred animal for investigating nephrolithiasis. Urolithiasis 2023; 52:3. [PMID: 37971562 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-023-01507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dian-Mian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziye Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dian-Mian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyun Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dian-Mian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dian-Mian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiongming Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 Dian-Mian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Shi N, Chen H, Lai Y, Luo Z, Huang Z, He G, Yi X, Xia W, Tang A. Cyclosporine A induces Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) model. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105212. [PMID: 37633512 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) usually exists as a latent infection in immunocompetent hosts but immunosuppressed individuals are at risk for developing EBV reactivation that leads to the uncontrolled proliferation of B lymphocytes. In this study, we have mimicked the immunosuppressed microenvironment in the tree shrew model of EBV infection by using cyclosporine A (CsA). The results showed that EBV-cocultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proliferated vigorously in response to CsA treatment in vitro. However, EBV susceptibility in vivo depended on the timing of CsA administration. Reactivation of EBV occurred in the latently EBV-infected tree shrews after treatment with 25 mg/kg/day CsA (EBV > CsA group), whereas tree shrews were no longer susceptible to infection if CsA was administered for five weeks before EBV injection (CsA > EBV group). RNA-seq analysis of both groups identified a further link between immunosuppression and EBV infection. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed a significant enrichment of viral infection-related pathways in the EBV > CsA group, whereas tumor-related pathways were significantly enriched in the CsA > EBV group. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape for the purpose of identifying hub genes that were then verified using qRT-PCR. In conclusion, the tree shrew model of EBV infection exhibits certain features of EBV infection in humans and serves as a valuable platform for exploring the underlying mechanisms of EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning 530000, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning 530000, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Yongjing Lai
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning 530000, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Zhenqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning 530000, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Zongjian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning 530000, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Guangyao He
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning 530000, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Xiang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning 530000, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning 530000, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China.
| | - Anzhou Tang
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning 530000, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China.
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17
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Ushirozako G, Murayama N, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Yamazaki H, Uno Y. Tree shrew cytochrome P450 2E1 is a functional enzyme that metabolises chlorzoxazone and p-nitrophenol. Xenobiotica 2023; 53:573-580. [PMID: 37934191 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2280996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs or P450s) are important enzymes for drug metabolism. Tree shrews are non-primate animal species used in various fields of biomedical research, including infection (especially hepatitis viruses), depression, and myopia. A recent tree shrew genome analysis indicated that the sequences and the numbers of P450 genes are similar to those of humans; however, P450s have not been adequately identified and analysed in this species.In this study, a novel CYP2E1 was isolated from tree shrew liver and was characterised in comparison with human, dog, and pig CYP2E1. Tree shrew CYP2E1 and human CYP2E1 showed high amino acid sequence identity (83%) and were closely related in a phylogenetic tree.Gene and genome structures of CYP2E1 were generally similar in humans, dogs, pigs, and tree shrews. Tissue expression patterns showed that tree shrew CYP2E1 mRNA was predominantly expressed in liver, just as for dog and pig CYP2E1 mRNAs. In tree shrews, recombinant CYP2E1 protein and liver microsomes metabolised chlorzoxazone and p-nitrophenol, probe substrates of human CYP2E1, just as they do in dogs and pigs.These results suggest that tree shrew CYP2E1 encodes a functional drug-metabolising enzyme that plays a role in the liver, similar to human CYP2E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Ushirozako
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Japan
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18
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Li CJ, Hui YQ, Zhang R, Zhou HY, Cai X, Lu L. A comparison of behavioral paradigms assessing spatial memory in tree shrews. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10303-10321. [PMID: 37642602 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairments in spatial navigation in humans can be preclinical signs of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, cognitive tests that monitor deficits in spatial memory play a crucial role in evaluating animal models with early stage Alzheimer's disease. While Chinese tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) possess many features suitable for Alzheimer's disease modeling, behavioral tests for assessing spatial cognition in this species are lacking. Here, we established reward-based paradigms using the radial-arm maze and cheeseboard maze for tree shrews, and tested spatial memory in a group of 12 adult males in both tasks, along with a control water maze test, before and after bilateral lesions to the hippocampus, the brain region essential for spatial navigation. Tree shrews memorized target positions during training, and task performance improved gradually until reaching a plateau in all 3 mazes. However, spatial learning was compromised post-lesion in the 2 newly developed tasks, whereas memory retrieval was impaired in the water maze task. These results indicate that the cheeseboard task effectively detects impairments in spatial memory and holds potential for monitoring progressive cognitive decline in aged or genetically modified tree shrews that develop Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms. This study may facilitate the utilization of tree shrew models in Alzheimer's disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ji Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Yi-Qing Hui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Hai-Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Xing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Li Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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19
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Xia W, Liu L, Shi N, Zhang C, Tang A, He G. Epstein Barr virus infection in tree shrews alters the composition of gut microbiota and metabolome profile. Virol J 2023; 20:177. [PMID: 37553712 PMCID: PMC10410904 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a major global threat; its manifestations range from the absence of symptoms to multiorgan malignancies and various gastrointestinal diseases. Analyzing the composition and metabolomic profile of gut microbiota during acute EBV infection might be instrumental in understanding and controlling EBV. METHODS Six tree shrews were inoculated with EBV by intravenous injection. Blood was collected at regular intervals thereafter from the femoral vein to detect EBV and inflammatory biomarker. At the same time, tree shrew faeces were collected for 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and Non-targeted metabolomics analysis. RESULTS 16 S rRNA gene characterization along with β diversity analysis exhibited remarkable alterations in gut microflora structure with a peak at 7 days post-infection(dpi). Some alterations in the relative richness of bacterial taxon were linked to infectious indicators. Of note, Butyricicoccus relative richness was positively linked to EBV presence in the blood and plasma, the opposite correlation was seen with Variovorax and Paramuribaculum. Non-targeted metabolomics indicated the fecal metabolome profile altered during EBV infection, particularly 7 dpi. The relative abundance of geranic acid and undecylenic acid in stool samples was positively linked to systemic inflammatory biomarkers, and an inverse relationship was reported with the estrone glucuronide, linoleic acid, protoporphyrin IX and tyramine. CONCLUSION Collectively, EBV infection in this model correlated with changes in the composition and metabolome profile of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Nan Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaoyin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Anzhou Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Guangyao He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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20
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Ma L, Chen R, Zhang Y, Dai Z, Huang G, Yang R, Yang H. The tree shrew as a new animal model for the study of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1075-1088. [PMID: 37353986 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM Periodontitis is an inflammatory, infectious disease of polymicrobial origin that can damage tooth-supporting bone and tissue. Tree shrews, evolutionarily closer to humans than commonly used rodent models, have been increasingly used as biomedical models. However, a tree shrew periodontitis model has not yet been established. MATERIALS AND METHODS Periodontitis was induced in male tree shrews/Sprague-Dawley rats by nylon thread ligature placement around the lower first molars. Thereafter, morphometric and histological analyses were performed. The distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest was measured using micro-computed tomography. Periodontal pathological tissue damage, inflammation and osteoclastogenesis were assessed using haematoxylin and eosin staining and quantitative immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS Post-operatively, gingival swelling, redness and spontaneous bleeding were observed in tree shrews but not in rats. After peaking, bone resorption decreased gradually until plateauing in tree shrews. Contrastingly, rapid and near-complete bone loss was observed in rats. Inflammatory infiltrates were observed 1 week post operation in both models. However, only the tree shrew model transitioned from acute to chronic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that a ligature-induced tree shrew model of periodontitis partly reproduced the pathological features of human periodontitis and provided theoretical support for using tree shrews as a potential model for human periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yelin Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichao Dai
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobin Huang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongqiang Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hefeng Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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21
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Chirco KR, Martinez C, Lamba DA. Advancements in pre-clinical development of gene editing-based therapies to treat inherited retinal diseases. Vision Res 2023; 209:108257. [PMID: 37210864 PMCID: PMC10524382 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the major goals in the inherited retinal disease (IRD) field is to develop an effective therapy that can be applied to as many patients as possible. Significant progress has already been made toward this end, with gene editing at the forefront. The advancement of gene editing-based tools has been a recent focus of many research groups around the world. Here, we provide an update on the status of CRISPR/Cas-derived gene editors, promising options for delivery of these editing systems to the retina, and animal models that aid in pre-clinical testing of new IRD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Chirco
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States.
| | - Cassandra Martinez
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Deepak A Lamba
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
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22
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Wang W, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Chen Y. Roles of Rac1-Dependent Intrinsic Forgetting in Memory-Related Brain Disorders: Demon or Angel. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10736. [PMID: 37445914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals are required to handle daily massive amounts of information in an ever-changing environment, and the resulting memories and experiences determine their survival and development, which is critical for adaptive evolution. However, intrinsic forgetting, which actively deletes irrelevant information, is equally important for memory acquisition and consolidation. Recently, it has been shown that Rac1 activity plays a key role in intrinsic forgetting, maintaining the balance of the brain's memory management system in a controlled manner. In addition, dysfunctions of Rac1-dependent intrinsic forgetting may contribute to memory deficits in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, these new findings will provide insights into the neurobiology of memory and forgetting, pathological mechanisms and potential therapies for brain disorders that alter intrinsic forgetting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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23
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Tyshkovskiy A, Ma S, Shindyapina AV, Tikhonov S, Lee SG, Bozaykut P, Castro JP, Seluanov A, Schork NJ, Gorbunova V, Dmitriev SE, Miller RA, Gladyshev VN. Distinct longevity mechanisms across and within species and their association with aging. Cell 2023; 186:2929-2949.e20. [PMID: 37269831 PMCID: PMC11192172 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lifespan varies within and across species, but the general principles of its control remain unclear. Here, we conducted multi-tissue RNA-seq analyses across 41 mammalian species, identifying longevity signatures and examining their relationship with transcriptomic biomarkers of aging and established lifespan-extending interventions. An integrative analysis uncovered shared longevity mechanisms within and across species, including downregulated Igf1 and upregulated mitochondrial translation genes, and unique features, such as distinct regulation of the innate immune response and cellular respiration. Signatures of long-lived species were positively correlated with age-related changes and enriched for evolutionarily ancient essential genes, involved in proteolysis and PI3K-Akt signaling. Conversely, lifespan-extending interventions counteracted aging patterns and affected younger, mutable genes enriched for energy metabolism. The identified biomarkers revealed longevity interventions, including KU0063794, which extended mouse lifespan and healthspan. Overall, this study uncovers universal and distinct strategies of lifespan regulation within and across species and provides tools for discovering longevity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tyshkovskiy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Siming Ma
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anastasia V Shindyapina
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stanislav Tikhonov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Sang-Goo Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Perinur Bozaykut
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - José P Castro
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Aging and Aneuploidy Laboratory, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas J Schork
- Quantitative Medicine and Systems Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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24
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Ahn M, Chen VCW, Rozario P, Ng WL, Kong PS, Sia WR, Kang AEZ, Su Q, Nguyen LH, Zhu F, Chan WOY, Tan CW, Cheong WS, Hey YY, Foo R, Guo F, Lim YT, Li X, Chia WN, Sobota RM, Fu NY, Irving AT, Wang LF. Bat ASC2 suppresses inflammasomes and ameliorates inflammatory diseases. Cell 2023; 186:2144-2159.e22. [PMID: 37172565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bats are special in their ability to live long and host many emerging viruses. Our previous studies showed that bats have altered inflammasomes, which are central players in aging and infection. However, the role of inflammasome signaling in combating inflammatory diseases remains poorly understood. Here, we report bat ASC2 as a potent negative regulator of inflammasomes. Bat ASC2 is highly expressed at both the mRNA and protein levels and is highly potent in inhibiting human and mouse inflammasomes. Transgenic expression of bat ASC2 in mice reduced the severity of peritonitis induced by gout crystals and ASC particles. Bat ASC2 also dampened inflammation induced by multiple viruses and reduced mortality of influenza A virus infection. Importantly, it also suppressed SARS-CoV-2-immune-complex-induced inflammasome activation. Four key residues were identified for the gain of function of bat ASC2. Our results demonstrate that bat ASC2 is an important negative regulator of inflammasomes with therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matae Ahn
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Singapore 168753, Singapore; SingHealth PGY1 Residency Program, Singapore 169608, Singapore; Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore.
| | - Vivian Chih-Wei Chen
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Pritisha Rozario
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Wei Lun Ng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Pui San Kong
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Wan Rong Sia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Adrian Eng Zheng Kang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Qi Su
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Lan Huong Nguyen
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Feng Zhu
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Wharton O Y Chan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Wan Shoo Cheong
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Ying Ying Hey
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Randy Foo
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Fusheng Guo
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yan Ting Lim
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; SingMass - National Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Xin Li
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; SingMass - National Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Wan Ni Chia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Radoslaw M Sobota
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; SingMass - National Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Nai Yang Fu
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Aaron T Irving
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China; Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
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25
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Uno Y, Jikuya S, Noda Y, Oguchi A, Murayama N, Kawaguchi H, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Yamazaki H. Newly identified cytochrome P450 3A genes of tree shrews and pigs are expressed and encode functional enzymes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 267:109579. [PMID: 36822299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Novel cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) cDNA in tree shrews (which are non-rodent primate-like species) and pig CYP3A227 cDNA were identified, along with known pig CYP3A22, CYP3A29, and CYP3A46 cDNAs. All five cDNAs contained open reading frames encoding a polypeptide of 503 amino acids that shared high sequence identity (72-78 %) with human CYP3A4 and were more closely related to human CYP3As than rat CYP3As by phylogenetic analysis. CYP3A5 was the only CYP3A in the tree shrew genome, but pig CYP3A genes formed a CYP3A gene cluster in the genomic region corresponding to that of human CYP3A genes. Tree shrew CYP3A5 mRNA was predominantly expressed in liver and small intestine, among the tissues analyzed, whereas pig CYP3A227 mRNA was most abundantly expressed in jejunum, followed by liver. Metabolic assays established that tree shrew CYP3A5 and pig CYP3A proteins heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli metabolized typical human CYP3A4 substrates nifedipine and midazolam. These results suggest that novel tree shrew CYP3A5 and pig CYP3A227 were functional enzymes able to metabolize human CYP3A4 substrates in liver and small intestine, similar to human CYP3A4, although pig CYP3A227 mRNA was minimally expressed in all tissues analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Shiori Jikuya
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yutaro Noda
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Asuka Oguchi
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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Liu C, Si W, Tu C, Tian S, He X, Wang S, Yang X, Yao C, Li C, Kherraf ZE, Ye M, Zhou Z, Ma Y, Gao Y, Li Y, Liu Q, Tang S, Wang J, Saiyin H, Zhao L, Yang L, Meng L, Chen B, Tang D, Zhou Y, Wu H, Lv M, Tan C, Lin G, Kong Q, Shi H, Su Z, Li Z, Yao YG, Jin L, Zheng P, Ray PF, Tan YQ, Cao Y, Zhang F. Deficiency of primate-specific SSX1 induced asthenoteratozoospermia in infertile men and cynomolgus monkey and tree shrew models. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:516-530. [PMID: 36796361 PMCID: PMC10027476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Primate-specific genes (PSGs) tend to be expressed in the brain and testis. This phenomenon is consistent with brain evolution in primates but is seemingly contradictory to the similarity of spermatogenesis among mammals. Here, using whole-exome sequencing, we identified deleterious variants of X-linked SSX1 in six unrelated men with asthenoteratozoospermia. SSX1 is a PSG expressed predominantly in the testis, and the SSX family evolutionarily expanded independently in rodents and primates. As the mouse model could not be used for studying SSX1, we used a non-human primate model and tree shrews, which are phylogenetically similar to primates, to knock down (KD) Ssx1 expression in the testes. Consistent with the phenotype observed in humans, both Ssx1-KD models exhibited a reduced sperm motility and abnormal sperm morphology. Further, RNA sequencing indicated that Ssx1 deficiency influenced multiple biological processes during spermatogenesis. Collectively, our experimental observations in humans and cynomolgus monkey and tree shrew models highlight the crucial role of SSX1 in spermatogenesis. Notably, three of the five couples who underwent intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection treatment achieved a successful pregnancy. This study provides important guidance for genetic counseling and clinical diagnosis and, significantly, describes the approaches for elucidating the functions of testis-enriched PSGs in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Si
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Chaofeng Tu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Shixiong Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojin He
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chencheng Yao
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zine-Eddine Kherraf
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility, Grenoble, France; CHU Grenoble Alpes, UM GI-DPI, Grenoble, France
| | - Maosen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zixue Zhou
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Ma
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shuyan Tang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxiong Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangyu Zhao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lanlan Meng
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Bingbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Dongdong Tang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yiling Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mingrong Lv
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Qingpeng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhixi Su
- Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Pierre F Ray
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility, Grenoble, France; CHU Grenoble Alpes, UM GI-DPI, Grenoble, France
| | - Yue-Qiu Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Roy A, Chan Mine E, Gaifas L, Leyrat C, Volchkova VA, Baudin F, Martinez-Gil L, Volchkov VE, Karlin DG, Bourhis JM, Jamin M. Orthoparamyxovirinae C Proteins Have a Common Origin and a Common Structural Organization. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030455. [PMID: 36979390 PMCID: PMC10046310 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein C is a small viral protein encoded in an overlapping frame of the P gene in the subfamily Orthoparamyxovirinae. This protein, expressed by alternative translation initiation, is a virulence factor that regulates viral transcription, replication, and production of defective interfering RNA, interferes with the host-cell innate immunity systems and supports the assembly of viral particles and budding. We expressed and purified full-length and an N-terminally truncated C protein from Tupaia paramyxovirus (TupV) C protein (genus Narmovirus). We solved the crystal structure of the C-terminal part of TupV C protein at a resolution of 2.4 Å and found that it is structurally similar to Sendai virus C protein, suggesting that despite undetectable sequence conservation, these proteins are homologous. We characterized both truncated and full-length proteins by SEC-MALLS and SEC-SAXS and described their solution structures by ensemble models. We established a mini-replicon assay for the related Nipah virus (NiV) and showed that TupV C inhibited the expression of NiV minigenome in a concentration-dependent manner as efficiently as the NiV C protein. A previous study found that the Orthoparamyxovirinae C proteins form two clusters without detectable sequence similarity, raising the question of whether they were homologous or instead had originated independently. Since TupV C and SeV C are representatives of these two clusters, our discovery that they have a similar structure indicates that all Orthoparamyxovirine C proteins are homologous. Our results also imply that, strikingly, a STAT1-binding site is encoded by exactly the same RNA region of the P/C gene across Paramyxovirinae, but in different reading frames (P or C), depending on which cluster they belong to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Roy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Emeric Chan Mine
- Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERMU1111-CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 69365 Lyon, France
| | - Lorenzo Gaifas
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Cédric Leyrat
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Valentina A. Volchkova
- Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERMU1111-CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 69365 Lyon, France
| | - Florence Baudin
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luis Martinez-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Viktor E. Volchkov
- Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERMU1111-CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 69365 Lyon, France
| | - David G. Karlin
- Division Phytomedicine, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lentzeallee 55/57, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (D.G.K.); (J.-M.B.); (M.J.); Tel.: +33-4-57-42-86-36 (J.-M.B.); +33-4-76-20-94-62 (M.J.)
| | - Jean-Marie Bourhis
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: (D.G.K.); (J.-M.B.); (M.J.); Tel.: +33-4-57-42-86-36 (J.-M.B.); +33-4-76-20-94-62 (M.J.)
| | - Marc Jamin
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: (D.G.K.); (J.-M.B.); (M.J.); Tel.: +33-4-57-42-86-36 (J.-M.B.); +33-4-76-20-94-62 (M.J.)
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28
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Uno Y, Noda Y, Murayama N, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Yamazaki H. Novel cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1) genes in tree shrews are expressed and encode functional drug-metabolizing enzymes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 265:109534. [PMID: 36563947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) are a non-rodent primate-like species sometimes used for biomedical research involving hepatitis virus infections and toxicology. Genome analysis has indicated similarities between tree shrews and humans in the numbers of cytochromes P450 (P450 or CYP), which constitute a family of important drug-metabolizing enzymes; however, P450s have not been fully investigated in tree shrews. In this study, we identified CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, and CYP1D1 cDNAs from tree shrew liver and compared their characteristics with dog, pig, and human CYP1As. The deduced amino acid sequences of tree shrew CYP1s were highly identical (82-87 %) to human CYP1s. In tree shrews, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mRNAs were preferentially expressed in liver, whereas CYP1D1 mRNA was preferentially expressed in kidney and lung. In contrast, CYP1B1 mRNA was expressed in various tissues, with the most abundant expression in spleen. Among the tree shrew CYP1 mRNAs, CYP1A2 mRNA was most abundant in liver, and CYP1B1 mRNA was most abundant in kidney, small intestine, and lung. All tree shrew CYP1 proteins heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli catalyzed caffeine and estradiol in a similar manner to tree shrew liver microsomes and human, dog, and pig CYP1 proteins. These results suggest that tree shrew CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, and CYP1D1 genes, different form human pseudogene CYP1D1P, are expressed in liver, small intestine, lung, and/or kidney and encode functional drug-metabolizing enzymes important in toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Yutaro Noda
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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29
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Zhu P, Liu W, Zhang X, Li M, Liu G, Yu Y, Li Z, Li X, Du J, Wang X, Grueter CC, Li M, Zhou X. Correlated evolution of social organization and lifespan in mammals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:372. [PMID: 36720880 PMCID: PMC9889386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Discerning the relationship between sociality and longevity would permit a deeper understanding of how animal life history evolved. Here, we perform a phylogenetic comparative analysis of ~1000 mammalian species on three states of social organization (solitary, pair-living, and group-living) and longevity. We show that group-living species generally live longer than solitary species, and that the transition rate from a short-lived state to a long-lived state is higher in group-living than non-group-living species, altogether supporting the correlated evolution of social organization and longevity. The comparative brain transcriptomes of 94 mammalian species identify 31 genes, hormones and immunity-related pathways broadly involved in the association between social organization and longevity. Further selection features reveal twenty overlapping pathways under selection for both social organization and longevity. These results underscore a molecular basis for the influence of the social organization on longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingfen Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Gaoming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, 100101, China.,Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zihao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuanjing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cyril C Grueter
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,International Center of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671003, China
| | - Ming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
| | - Xuming Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, 100101, China.
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30
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Wang Q, Zeng X, Tang S, Lan L, Wang X, Lai Z, Liu Z, Hou X, Gao L, Yun C, Zhang Z, Leng J, Fan X. Pathogenicity and anti-infection immunity of animal H3N2 and H6N6 subtype influenza virus cross-species infection with tree shrews. Virus Res 2023; 324:199027. [PMID: 36543317 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.199027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Animal influenza viruses can spread across species and pose a fatal threat to human health due to the high pathogenicity and mortality. Animal models are crucial for studying cross-species infection and the pathogenesis of influenza viruses. Tupaia belangeri (tree shrew) has been emerging as an animal model for multiple human virus infections recently because of the close genetic relationship and phylogeny with humans. So far, tree shrew has been reported to be susceptible to human influenza virus subtype H1N1, avian influenza viruses subtype H9N2, subtype H5N1, and subtype H7N9. However, the pathogenicity, infection, and immunity of swine and land avian influenza viruses with low pathogenicity and the potential to jump to humans remain largely unexplored in the tree shrew model. Previously, our team has successfully isolated the newly emerging swine influenza virus subtype H3N2 (A/Swine/GX/NS2783/2010, SW2783) and avian influenza virus subtype H6N6 (A/CK/ZZ/346/2014, ZZ346). In this study, we observed the pathogenicity, immune characteristics, and cross-species infection potential ability of SW2783 and ZZ346 strains in tree shrew model with 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50), hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and other experimental methods. Both animal-borne influenza viruses had a strong ability on tissue infection in the turbinate and the trachea of tree shrews in vitro, in which SW2783 showed stronger replication ability than in ZZ346. SW2783 and ZZ346 both showed pathogenic ability with infected tree shrews model in vivo without prior adaptive culture, which mainly happened in the upper respiratory tract. However, the infection ability was weak, the clinical symptoms were mild, and the histopathological changes in the respiratory tract were relatively light. Furthermore, innate immune responses and adaptive immunity were observed in the tree shrew model after the infection of SW2783 and ZZ346 strains. We observed that the unadapted SW2783 and ZZ346 virus could transmit among tree shrews by direct contact. We also observed that SW2783 virus could transmit from tree shrews to guinea pigs. These results indicated that both animal-borne influenza viruses could induce similar pathogenicity and immune response to those caused by human-common influenza viruses. Tree shrews may be an excellent animal model for studying the interaction between the influenza virus and the host and the cross-species infection mechanism of the animal influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wang
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xia Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shen Tang
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Li Lan
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xinhang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhenping Lai
- Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zihe Liu
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Hou
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lingxi Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chenxia Yun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Zengfeng Zhang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Jing Leng
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Rao SS, Parthasarathy K, Sounderrajan V, Neelagandan K, Anbazhagan P, Chandramouli V. Susceptibility of SARS Coronavirus-2 infection in domestic and wild animals: a systematic review. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:5. [PMID: 36514483 PMCID: PMC9741861 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals and viruses have constantly been co-evolving under natural circumstances and pandemic like situations. They harbour harmful viruses which can spread easily. In the recent times we have seen pandemic like situations being created as a result of the spread of deadly and fatal viruses. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are one of the wellrecognized groups of viruses. There are four known genera of Coronavirus family namely, alpha (α), beta (β), gamma (γ), and delta (δ). Animals have been infected with CoVs belonging to all four genera. In the last few decades the world has witnessed an emergence of severe acute respiratory syndromes which had created a pandemic like situation such as SARS CoV, MERS-CoV. We are currently in another pandemic like situation created due to the uncontrolled spread of a similar coronavirus namely SARSCoV-2. These findings are based on a small number of animals and do not indicate whether animals can transmit disease to humans. Several mammals, including cats, dogs, bank voles, ferrets, fruit bats, hamsters, mink, pigs, rabbits, racoon dogs, and white-tailed deer, have been found to be infected naturally by the virus. Certain laboratory discoveries revealed that animals such as cats, ferrets, fruit bats, hamsters, racoon dogs, and white-tailed deer can spread the illness to other animals of the same species. This review article gives insights on the current knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 infection and development in animals on the farm and in domestic community and their impact on society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanarayani S. Rao
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 India
| | - Krupakar Parthasarathy
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 India
| | - Vignesh Sounderrajan
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119 India
| | - K. Neelagandan
- Centre for Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, India
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Balabova DV, Belenkaya SV, Volosnikova EA, Hermes T, Chirkova VY, Sharlaeva EA, Shcherbakov DN, Belov AN, Koval AD, Elchaninov VV. Can Recombinant Tree Shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) Chymosin Coagulate Cow (Bos taurus) Milk? APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822060023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Genetically engineered chymosin from the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) has been obtained and partially characterized for the first time. The target enzyme was produced in Escherichia coli, strain BL21(DE3). It was shown that tree shrew recombinant chymosin coagulates cow milk (Bos taurus). The total and specific milk-clotting activity of the obtained enzyme was 0.7–5.3 IMCU/mL and 8.8–16.6 IMCU/mg. The nonspecific proteolytic activity of tree shrew recombinant chymosin in relation to total bovine casein was 30 and 117% higher than that of recombinant chymosin of cow and of single-humped camel respectively. It was found that in comparison with most of the known genetically engineered chymosins, the tree shrew enzyme showed exceptionally low thermal stability. After heating at 45°C, the coagulation ability of tree shrew recombinant chymosin decreased by more than 40%, and at 50°C the enzyme lost more than 90% of the initial milk-clotting activity. The Michaelis constant (Km), enzyme turnover number (kcat), and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for genetically engineered chymosin from the tree shrew were 6.3 ± 0.1 µM, 11 927 ± 3169 s–1 and 1968 ± 620 µM–1 s–1, respectively. Comparative analysis showed that the primary structure of the chymosin-sensitive site of cow kappa-casein and the supposed similar sequence of tree shrew kappa-casein differed by 75%. The ability of tree shrew recombinant chymosin to coagulate cow’s milk, along with a low thermal stability and high catalytic efficiency with respect to the substrate, imitating the chymosin-sensitive site of cow kappa-casein, suggests that this enzyme is of potential interest for cheese making.
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Feng J, Jia T, Wang Z, Zhu W. Differences of energy adaptation strategies in Tupaia belangeri between Pianma and Tengchong region by metabolomics of liver: Role of warmer temperature. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1068636. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1068636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming is becoming the future climate trend and will have a significant impact on small mammals, and they will also adapt at the physiological levels in response to climate change, among which the adaptation of energetics is the key to their survival. In order to investigate the physiological adaptation strategies in Tupaia belangeri affected by the climate change and to predict their possible fate under future global warming, we designed a metabonomic study in T. belangeri between two different places, including Pianma (PM, annual average temperature 15.01°C) and Tengchong (TC, annual average temperature 20.32°C), to analyze the differences of liver metabolite. Moreover, the changes of resting metabolic rate, body temperature, uncoupling protein 1content (UCP1) and other energy indicators in T. belangeri between the two places were also measured. The results showed that T. belangeri in warm areas (TC) reduced the concentrations of energy metabolites in the liver, such as pyruvic acid, fructose 6-phosphate, citric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid etc., so their energy metabolism intensity was also reduced, indicating that important energy metabolism pathway of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) pathway reduced in T. belangeri from warmer habitat. Furthermore, brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass, UCP1 content and RMR in TC also decreased significantly, but their body temperature increased. All of the results suggested that T. belangeri adapt to the impact of warm temperature by reducing energy expenditure and increasing body temperature. In conclusion, our research had broadened our understanding of the physiological adaptation strategies to cope with climate change, and also provided a preliminary insight into the fate of T. belangeri for the future global warming climate.
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Wu Y, Fan L, Bai L, Li Q, Gu H, Sun C, Jiang T, Feng J. Ambush predation and the origin of euprimates. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn6248. [PMID: 36103535 PMCID: PMC9473580 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn6248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Primates of modern aspect (euprimates) are characterized by a suite of characteristics (e.g., convergent orbits, grasping hands and feet, reduced claws, and leaping), but the selective pressures responsible for the evolution of these euprimate characteristics have long remained controversial. Here, we used a molecular phyloecological approach to determine the diet of the common ancestor of living primates (CALP), and the results showed that the CALP had increased carnivory. Given the carnivory of the CALP, along with the general observation that orbital convergence is largely restricted to ambush predators, our study suggests that the euprimate characteristics could have been more specifically adapted for ambush predation. In particular, our behavior experiment further shows that nonclaw climbing can significantly reduce noises, which could benefit the ancestral euprimates' stalking to ambush their prey in trees. Therefore, our study suggests that the distinctive euprimate characteristics may have evolved as their specialized adaptation for ambush predation in arboreal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Longcheng Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lu Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Congnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Tinglei Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jiang Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun 130117, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, China
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Uno Y, Ushirozako G, Uehara S, Murayama N, Fujiki Y, Kawaguchi H, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Yamazaki H. Newly identified tree shrew cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) and pig CYP2B6b are functional drug-metabolising enzymes. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:687-696. [PMID: 36286316 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2141153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tree shrews have high phylogenetic affinity to humans and are used in various fields of biomedical research, especially hepatitis virus infection; however, cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) have not been investigated in this species.In this study, tree shrew CYP2B6 and pig CYP2B6b were newly identified and had amino acid sequences highly identical (80% and 78%, respectively) to human CYP2B6, containing sequence motifs characteristic of P450s.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that novel tree shrew CYP2B6 was more closely related to known human CYP2B6 than dog, pig, or rat CYP2Bs are.Among the tissue types analysed, tree shrew CYP2B6 mRNA was preferentially expressed in liver and lung, whereas pig CYP2B6b mRNA was preferentially expressed in jejunum and lung.Tree shrew CYP2B6 and pig CYP2B6b proteins heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli metabolised human CYP2B6 substrates efavirenz, ethoxycoumarin, propofol, and testosterone, suggesting that these novel CYP2Bs are functional drug-metabolizing enzymes in liver and/or lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Genki Ushirozako
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shotaro Uehara
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujiki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
| | | | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
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Chen JQ, Zhang Q, Yu D, Bi R, Ma Y, Li Y, Lv LB, Yao YG. Optimization of Milk Substitutes for the Artificial Rearing of Chinese Tree Shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131655. [PMID: 35804554 PMCID: PMC9265009 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Chinese tree shrew, a squirrel-like mammal, has been widely used as a laboratory animal in biological research. However, the low survival rate of the pups has seriously hindered the establishment of inbred lines of this species and further limited its wider use. We found a milk substitute appropriate for artificial rearing of Chinese tree shrew pups independent of any obvious adverse effects on their survival, health, and reproductive performance compared to those of the maternally reared pups. The successful optimization of a milk substitute for the artificial rearing of Chinese tree shrew pups may increase the availability of this experimental animal. Abstract The Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) has the potential to replace the use of non-human primates in biomedical research. To increase the availability of this species, we have undertaken the ambitious task of establishing inbred lines of the Chinese tree shrew; however, we have been hindered by a low survival rate of inbred pups. Here, we report our artificial rearing (AR) of Chinese tree shrew pups using four different milk substitutes: the formula described by Tsang and Collins (milk TC) and three commercially available milk substitutes intended for possums (milk A and milk C) and for guinea pigs (milk B). We compared the effects of these milk substitutes and maternal milk on the daily milk consumption, growth performance, and survival of the pups. We also assessed the life span and reproductive performance of the F1 individuals given the best milk substitute as compared to the maternally reared (MR) pups. Milk B was found to be appropriate for AR. Pups fed with milk B had a high survival rate at the weaning age compared to those fed with the other milk substitutes. The AR pups fed with milk B had a life span similar to that of MR pups. AR females fed with milk B had an earlier age of the first reproduction, a larger number of litters, and a higher rate of survival of the offspring at the weaning age compared with the MR females. The successful optimization of a milk substitute for AR of Chinese tree shrew pups will undoubtedly facilitate the wide usage of this experimental animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Chen
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China; (J.-Q.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.Y.); (R.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China; (J.-Q.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.Y.); (R.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dandan Yu
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China; (J.-Q.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.Y.); (R.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Rui Bi
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China; (J.-Q.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.Y.); (R.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Yuhua Ma
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China; (J.-Q.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.Y.); (R.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yijiang Li
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China; (J.-Q.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.Y.); (R.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Long-Bao Lv
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China; (J.-Q.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.Y.); (R.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Correspondence: (L.-B.L.); (Y.-G.Y.)
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China; (J.-Q.C.); (Q.Z.); (D.Y.); (R.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Correspondence: (L.-B.L.); (Y.-G.Y.)
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Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105475. [PMID: 35628287 PMCID: PMC9141274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major global health burden, causing chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate downstream signaling to induce proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. An increasing number of studies have suggested the importance of TLR responses in the outcome of HCV infection. However, the exact role of innate immune responses, including TLR response, in controlling chronic HCV infection remains to be established. A proper understanding of the TLR response in HCV infection is essential for devising new therapeutic approaches against HCV infection. In this review, we discuss the progress made in our understanding of the host innate immune response to HCV infection, with a particular focus on the TLR response. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms adopted by HCV to avoid immune surveillance mediated by TLRs.
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Doronina L, Reising O, Clawson H, Churakov G, Schmitz J. Euarchontoglires Challenged by Incomplete Lineage Sorting. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:774. [PMID: 35627160 PMCID: PMC9141288 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Euarchontoglires, once described as Supraprimates, comprise primates, colugos, tree shrews, rodents, and lagomorphs in a clade that evolved about 90 million years ago (mya) from a shared ancestor with Laurasiatheria. The rapid speciation of groups within Euarchontoglires, and the subsequent inherent incomplete marker fixation in ancestral lineages, led to challenged attempts at phylogenetic reconstructions, particularly for the phylogenetic position of tree shrews. To resolve this conundrum, we sampled genome-wide presence/absence patterns of transposed elements (TEs) from all representatives of Euarchontoglires. This specific marker system has the advantage that phylogenetic diagnostic characters can be extracted in a nearly unbiased fashion genome-wide from reference genomes. Their insertions are virtually free of homoplasy. We simultaneously employed two computational tools, the genome presence/absence compiler (GPAC) and 2-n-way, to find a maximum of diagnostic insertions from more than 3 million TE positions. From 361 extracted diagnostic TEs, 132 provide significant support for the current resolution of Primatomorpha (Primates plus Dermoptera), 94 support the union of Euarchonta (Primates, Dermoptera, plus Scandentia), and 135 marker insertion patterns support a variety of alternative phylogenetic scenarios. Thus, whole genome-level analysis and a virtually homoplasy-free marker system offer an opportunity to finally resolve the notorious phylogenetic challenges that nature produces in rapidly diversifying groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Doronina
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (O.R.); (G.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Olga Reising
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (O.R.); (G.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Hiram Clawson
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
| | - Gennady Churakov
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (O.R.); (G.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Jürgen Schmitz
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (O.R.); (G.C.); (J.S.)
- EvoPAD-RTG, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Zhao P, Xia W, Wei J, Feng Y, Xie M, Niu Z, Liu H, Ke S, Liu H, Tang A, He G. An Investigation of the Mechanisms of Radiation-Induced Muscle Injury in a Tree Shrew ( Tupaia belangeri) Model. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221082878. [PMID: 35360454 PMCID: PMC8961377 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221082878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Animal models suitable for investigating mechanisms behind radiation-induced
muscle injury are lacking. We developed a tree shrew model of such injury
and investigated pathological changes and mechanisms. Methods Animals were divided into control (n = 5), radiation-induced acute injury (n
= 5), and radiation-induced chronic injury (n = 5) groups. Tensor veli
palatini (TVP) muscles of acute injury and chronic injury groups were
dissected under a microscope at 1 and 24 weeks after radiation therapy,
respectively. TVP muscles were stained with HE and Masson to visualize
pathological changes. ELISA was performed to measure oxidative injury.
RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical staining was performed to measure expression
levels of miR-206 and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). Results Compared to the control group, acute injury group showed a significant
decrease in miR-206 expression (.061 ± .38, P < .05) and a significant
increase in HDAC4 expression (37.05 ± 20.68, P < .05). Chronic injury
group showed a significant decrease in miR-206 expression (.23 ± .19, P <
.05) and a significant increase in HDAC4 expression (9.66 ± 6.12, P
< .05). Discussion A tree shrew model of radiation-induced muscle injury was established by
exposing TVP muscle region to radiation of 20-Gy. Experimental results
indicated that injury caused by radiation persisted despite gradual healing
of the TVP muscle and miR-206 regulatory pathway plays a key role in
regulating radiation-induced muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Jianglian Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Yiwei Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Mao Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Zhijie Niu
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Heng Liu
- School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shenghui Ke
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Huayu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Anzhou Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Guangyao He
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
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Divergences of the RLR Gene Families across Lophotrochozoans: Domain Grafting, Exon-Intron Structure, Expression, and Positive Selection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073415. [PMID: 35408776 PMCID: PMC8998645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Invertebrates do not possess adaptive immunity but have evolved a variety of unique repertoires of innate immune sensors. In this study, we explored the immune diversity and specificity of invertebrates based on the lophotrochozoan RLRs, a major component in antiviral immune recognition. By annotating RLRs in the genomes of 58 representative species across metazoan evolution, we explored the gene expansion of RLRs in Lophotrochozoa. Of note, the N-terminal domains of lophotrochozoan RLRs showed the most striking diversity which evolved independently by domain grafting. Exon–intron structures were revealed to be prevalent in the domain grafting of lophotrochozoan RLRs based on an analysis of sibling paralogs and orthologs. In more than half of the cases, the mechanism of ‘exonization/pseudoexonization’ led to the generation of non-canonical N-terminal domains. Transcriptomic studies revealed that many non-canonical RLRs display immune-related expression patterns. Two of these RLRs showed obvious evidence of positive selection, which may be the result of host defense selection pressure. Overall, our study suggests that the complex and unique domain arrangement of lophotrochozoan RLRs might result from domain grafting, exon–intron divergence, expression diversification, and positive selection, which may have led to functionally distinct lophotrochozoan RLRs.
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Ni R, Shu Y, Luo P, Zhou J. Sexual dimorphism in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial preoptic area and suprachiasmatic nucleus in male and female tree shrews. J Anat 2022; 240:528-540. [PMID: 34642936 PMCID: PMC8819044 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in behaviour partly arise from the sexual dimorphism of brain anatomy between males and females. However, the sexual dimorphism of the tree shrew brain is unclear. In the present study, we examined the detailed distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive (VIP-ir) neurons and fibres in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and VIP-ir fibres in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) of male and female tree shrews. The overall volume of the SCN in male tree shrews was comparable with that in females. However, males showed a significantly higher density of VIP-ir cells and fibres in the SCN than females. The shape of the VIP-stained area in coronal sections was arched, elongated or oval in the lateral division (STL) and the anterior part of the medial division (STMA) of the BST and oval or round in the posterior part of the medial division of the BST (STMP). The volume of the VIP-stained BST in male tree shrews was similar to that in females. The overall distribution of VIP-ir fibres was similar between the sexes throughout the BST except within the STMA, where darkly stained fibres were observed in males, whereas lightly stained fibres were observed in females. Furthermore, male tree shrews showed a significantly higher intensity of Nissl staining in the medial preoptic area (MPA) and the ventral part of the medial division of the BST than females. These findings are the first to reveal sexual dimorphism in the SCN, BST and MPA of the tree shrew brain, providing neuroanatomical evidence of sexual dimorphism in these regions related to their roles in sex differences in physiology and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong‐Jun Ni
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health CenterWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Huaxi Brain Research CenterWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yu‐Mian Shu
- School of Architecture and Civil EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Peng‐Hao Luo
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseasesSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Jiang‐Ning Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and DiseasesSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
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Zheng X, Xu L, Ye M, Gu T, Yao YL, Lv LB, Yu D, Yao YG. Characterizing the role of Tupaia DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) gene in viral infections. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104307. [PMID: 34748795 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3, also known as CHOP) belongs to the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family and plays an essential role in endoplasmic reticulum stress. Here, we characterized the potential role of the Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) DDIT3 (tDDIT3) in viral infections. The tDDIT3 protein is highly conserved and has a species-specific insertion of the SQSS repeat upstream of the C-terminal basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) domain. Phylogenetic analysis of DDIT3 protein sequences of tree shrew and related mammals indicated a closer genetic affinity between tree shrew and primates than between tree shrew and rodents. Three positively selected sites (PSSs: Glu83, Pro93, and Ser172) were identified in tDDIT3 based on the branch-site model. Expression analysis of tDDIT3 showed a constitutively expressed level in different tissues and a significantly increased level in tree shrew cells upon herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infections. Overexpression of tDDIT3 significantly increased the production of HSV-1 and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in tree shrew primary renal cells (TSPRCs), whereas tDDIT3 knockout in tree shrew stable cell line (TSR6 cells) had an inhibitory effect on virus production. The enhanced effect on viral infection by tDDIT3 was not associated with the three PSSs. Mechanistically, tDDIT3 overexpression inhibited type I IFN signaling. tDDIT3 interacted with tMAVS through CARD and PRR domains, but not with other immune-related factors such as tMDA5, tSTING and tTBK1. Collectively, our results revealed tDDIT3 as a negative regulator for virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China; National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650107, China
| | - Maosen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Tianle Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Yu-Lin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Long-Bao Lv
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650107, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650107, China.
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China; National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650107, China.
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Kundu S, Pakrashi A, Kamalakannan M, Singha D, Tyagi K, Banerjee D, Venkatraman C, Kumar V. Complete mitogenome of the endangered and endemic Nicobar treeshrew (Tupaia nicobarica) and comparison with other Scandentians. Sci Rep 2022; 12:877. [PMID: 35042947 PMCID: PMC8766473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nicobar treeshrew (Tupaia nicobarica) is an endangered small mammal endemic to the Nicobar Island of the Andaman Sea, India regarded as an alternative experimental animal model in biomedical research. The present study aimed to assemble the first mitochondrial genome of T. nicobarica to elucidate its phylogenetic position with respect to other Scandentians. The structure and variation of the novel mitochondrial genome were analyzed and compared with other Scandentians. The complete mitogenome (17,164 bp) encodes 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA (rRNAs), and one control region (CR). Most of the genes were encoded on majority strand, except nad6 and eight tRNAs. The nonsynonymous/synonymous ratio in all PCGs indicates strong negative selection among all Tupaiidae species. The comparative study of CRs revealed the occurrence of tandem repeats (CGTACA) found in T. nicobarica. The phylogenetic analyses (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference) showed distinct clustering of T. nicobarica with high branch supports and depict a substantial divergence time (12-19 MYA) from the ancestor lineage of Tupaiidae. The 16S rRNA dataset corroborates the taxonomic rank of two subspecies of T. nicobarica from the Great and Little Nicobar Islands. In the future, whole nuclear genome sequencing is necessary to further improve our understanding of evolutionary relationships among treeshrews, and will have implications for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Kundu
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 700053, India
| | - Avas Pakrashi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 700053, India
| | | | - Devkant Singha
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 700053, India
| | - Kaomud Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 700053, India
| | - Dhriti Banerjee
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 700053, India
- Mammal and Osteology Section, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 700053, India
| | | | - Vikas Kumar
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 700053, India.
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Xia W, Chen H, Feng Y, Shi N, Huang Z, Feng Q, Jiang X, He G, Xie M, Lai Y, Wang Z, Yi X, Tang A. Tree Shrew Is a Suitable Animal Model for the Study of Epstein Barr Virus. Front Immunol 2022; 12:789604. [PMID: 35111158 PMCID: PMC8801525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.789604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that latently infects approximately 95% of adults and is associated with a spectrum of human diseases including Infectious Mononucleosis and a variety of malignancies. However, understanding the pathogenesis, vaccines and antiviral drugs for EBV-associated disease has been hampered by the lack of suitable animal models. Tree shrew is a novel laboratory animal with a close phylogenetic relationship to primates, which is a critical advantage for many animal models for human disease, especially viral infections. Herein, we first identified the key residues in the CR2 receptor that bind the gp350 protein and facilitate viral entry. We found that tree shrew shares 100% sequence identity with humans in these residues, which is much higher than rabbits (50%) and rats (25%). In vitro analysis showed that B lymphocytes of tree shrews are susceptible to EBV infection and replication, as well as EBV-enhanced cell proliferation. Moreover, results of in vivo experiments show that EBV infection in tree shrews resembles EBV infection in humans. The infected animals exhibited transient fever and loss of weight accompanied by neutropenia and high viremia levels during the acute phase of the viral infection. Thereafter, tree shrews acted as asymptomatic carriers of the virus in most cases that EBV-related protein could be detected in blood and tissues. However, a resurgence of EBV infection occurred at 49 dpi. Nanopore transcriptomic sequencing of peripheral blood in EBV-infected animals revealed the dynamic changes in biological processes occurring during EBV primary infection. Importantly, we find that neutrophil function was impaired in tree shrew model as well as human Infectious Mononucleosis datasets (GSE85599 and GSE45918). In addition, retrospective case reviews suggested that neutropenia may play an important role in EBV escaping host innate immune response, leading to long-term latent infection. Our findings demonstrated that tree shrew is a suitable animal model to evaluate the mechanisms of EBV infection, and for developing vaccines and therapeutic drugs against EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Gaungxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Gaungxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Yiwei Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Gaungxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Nan Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Gaungxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Zongjian Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Gaungxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Qingyuan Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Gaungxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Gaungxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Guangyao He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Gaungxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Mao Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Gaungxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Yongjin Lai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Gaungxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Gaungxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Xiang Yi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Gaungxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Anzhou Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Gaungxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
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He J, Lu S, Mo W, Tang A, Tan S, Liu L, Fang Q, Xie L. Observation in inner ear of tree shrew using scanning electron microscope and the Atoh1 distribution in cochlea. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1837-1844. [PMID: 34962020 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to observe the ultrastructure on the surface of the inner ear of a normal tree shrew using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The specimens of cochlea, macula utriculi, macula sacculi, and crista ampullaris of the normal adult tree shrew were collected and observed by SEM. We used immunofluorescence for cochlear protein Atoh1 staining. We observed that cochlea of the tree shrew is centered on the cochlear axis, circling about 3.5 times from bottom to top of the cochlea. The organ of Corti is located between medial and lateral grooves, including inner and outer hair cells as well as supporting cells. Maculae staticae include macula of saccule and macula of utricle, and the surface of macula is covered with a large number of otoliths. We found a gelatinous layer below the otoliths, followed by the layer of the honeycomb structure. The hair cell cilia of macula and crista ampullaris include one kinocilium and more stereocilia. There is no obvious cross structure but numerous hair cell cilia on semicircular canal crista ampullaris. Immunofluorescence staining showed that protein Atoh1 is mainly distributed in the nucleus of the cochlea's inner and outer hair cells. The observation of the inner ear structure under SEM elucidate the fine surface morphological structure of the entire cochlea, the vestibular maculae staticae, and crista ampullaris, providing new insight into the structure and function of the inner ear of tree shrew. HIGHLIGHTS: This article is the first to describe the inner ear ultrastructure of a small primate tree shrew by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Under an SEM, the phalangeal processes of Deiter cells in tree shrews were observed to be connected to the tip of a neighboring hair cell, which was different from that of Deiters' cells in guinea pigs, and this crossed one hair cell, and connected to the tip of the third hair cell. It was observed that the crista ampullaris of tree shrews were horseshoe-shaped, and similar to that of humans and monkeys, this had no obvious "cross-shaped hump" structure. Tree shrew's ABR threshold value curve conforms to the mammalian U-shaped curve, wave III is the main wave of ARB, its sensory frequency may be higher 8 kHz, and the characteristics of the stereocilia of tree shrew we have observed may be related to the perception of higher frequency hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shunlan Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weijian Mo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Anzhou Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Songhua Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lihong Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Gu W, Wang W, Li W, Li N, Wang Y, Zhang W, Lu C, Tong P, Han Y, Sun X, Lu J, Wu Y, Dai J. New ribotype Clostridioides difficile from ST11 group revealed higher pathogenic ability than RT078. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:687-699. [PMID: 33682630 PMCID: PMC8023612 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1900748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is the predominant antibiotic-associated enteropathogen associated with diarrhoea or pseudomembranous colitis in patients worldwide. Previously, we identified C. difficile RT078 isolates (CD21062) from elderly patients in China, including two new ribotype strains (CD10010 and CD12038) belonging to the ST11 group, and their genomic features were also investigated. This study compared sporulation, spore germination, toxin expression, flagellar characteristics, and adhesion among these strains in vitro and analysed their pathogenic ability in vivo using animal models. The results showed sporulation and spore germination did not significantly differ among the three C. difficile strains. CD10010 and CD12038 showed higher transcriptional levels of toxins until 48 h; thereafter, the transcriptional levels of toxins remained constant among RT078, CD10010, and CD12038. RT078 showed a loss of flagellum and its related genes, whereas CD12038 showed the highest motility in vitro. Both CD10010 and CD12038 initially showed flg phase OFF, and the flagellar switch reversed to phase ON after 48 h in swim agar. Flagellar proteins and toxins were both upregulated when flg phase OFF changed to flg phase ON status, enhancing their pathogenic ability. CD12038 showed the highest adhesion to Hep-2 cells. Histopathology and inflammation scores demonstrated that CD12038 caused the most severe tissue damage and infection in vivo. The new ribotype strains, particularly CD12038, exhibit higher pathogenic ability than the typical RT078 strain, both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this new C. difficile strain in epidemiological research; further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Gu
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Innovation Team of Standardization and Application Research in Tree Shrew, Kunming, China
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Innovation Team of Standardization and Application Research in Tree Shrew, Kunming, China
| | - Wenge Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Innovation Team of Standardization and Application Research in Tree Shrew, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Lu
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Innovation Team of Standardization and Application Research in Tree Shrew, Kunming, China
| | - Pinfen Tong
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Innovation Team of Standardization and Application Research in Tree Shrew, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Innovation Team of Standardization and Application Research in Tree Shrew, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Innovation Team of Standardization and Application Research in Tree Shrew, Kunming, China
| | - Jinxing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiejie Dai
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Innovation Team of Standardization and Application Research in Tree Shrew, Kunming, China
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Gu T, Yu D, Xu L, Yao YL, Yao YG. Tupaia GBP1 Interacts with STING to Initiate Autophagy and Restrict Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2673-2680. [PMID: 34732469 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) is a key molecule that binds to cyclic dinucleotides produced by the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase to activate IFN expression and autophagy in the fight against microbial infection. The regulation of STING in the activation of IFN expression has been extensively reported, whereas the regulation of STING in the initiation of autophagy is still insufficiently determined. IFN-inducible guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are central to the cell-autonomous immunity in defending a host against viral, bacterial, and protozoan infections. In this study using the Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis), which is genetically close to primates, we found that Tupaia GBP1 (tGBP1) combines with Tupaia STING (tSTING), promotes autophagy, and moderately inhibits HSV type 1 (HSV-1) infection. The antiviral effects of tGBP1 are IFN independent. Mechanistically, tGBP1 interacted with tSTING, Tupaia sequestosome 1, and Tupaia microtubule associated protein 1 L chain 3, forming a complex which promotes autophagy in response to HSV-1 infection. This function of tGBP1 against HSV-1 infection was lost in tSTING knockout cells. Overexpression of either tSTING or its mutant tSTING-ΔCTT that can only activate autophagy rescued the anti-HSV-1 activity of tGBP1 in tSTING knockout cells. Our study not only elucidated the underlying mechanism of tGBP1 antiviral activity against HSV-1 infection, but also uncovered the regulation of tSTING in the initiation of autophagy in response to HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China.,College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; and.,National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; and.,National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Lin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China; .,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; and.,National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Shi N, Xia W, Ji K, Feng Y, Li H, He G, Tang A. Anatomy and nomenclature of tree shrew lymphoid tissues. Exp Anim 2021; 71:173-183. [PMID: 34853240 PMCID: PMC9130038 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response plays a key role in the disease development of the organism, while immune function serves as an important indicator for animal models evaluation. The tree shrew
(Tupaia belangeri chinensis), as a new laboratory animal with a close genetic relationship with primates, has been used to construct various disease models. However, the
immune system of tree shrews, especially anatomical descriptions of lymph nodes, is still relatively unknown. In this study, a total of 16 different lymph nodes were identified, including
superficial lymph nodes and deep lymph nodes. Superficial lymph nodes were located in the head and neck region (submandibular lymph node, parotid lymph node, deep and superficial cervical
lymph nodes) and at the forelimb (axillary and accessory axillary lymph nodes, subscapular lymph node) and hindlimb (popliteal, sciatic, and inguinal lymph nodes). Deep lymph nodes comprise
mediastinal lymph nodes located in thoracic cavity and abdominal lymph nodes that are mainly located in each mesentery (mesenteric, gastric, pancreatic-duodenal, renal lymph nodes) or along
the major vessels (iliac lymph nodes). In addition, we described the spleen and thymus of the tree shrew, as well as two lymphoid tissues in the top wall of the nasal cavity and the
oropharynx. This study mainly describes the tree shrew immune system from an anatomical and histopathological perspective and provides fundamental research references for the establishment
of various animal models of tree shrews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
| | - Ketong Ji
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyao He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
| | - Anzhou Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
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Ni RJ, Shu YM, Li T, Zhou JN. Whole-Brain Afferent Inputs to the Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, and Accumbens Nucleus in the Tree Shrew Striatum. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:763298. [PMID: 34795566 PMCID: PMC8593333 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.763298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Day-active tree shrews have a well-developed internal capsule (ic) that clearly separates the caudate nucleus (Cd) and putamen (Pu). The striatum consists of the Cd, ic, Pu, and accumbens nucleus (Acb). Here, we characterized the cytoarchitecture of the striatum and the whole-brain inputs to the Cd, Pu, and Acb in tree shrews by using immunohistochemistry and the retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold (FG). Our data show the distribution patterns of parvalbumin (PV), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), calretinin (CR), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in the striatum of tree shrews, which were different from those observed in rats. The Cd and Pu mainly received inputs from the thalamus, motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and other cortical and subcortical regions, whereas the Acb primarily received inputs from the anterior olfactory nucleus, claustrum, infralimbic cortex, thalamus, raphe nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, ventral tegmental area, and so on. The Cd, Pu, and Acb received inputs from different neuronal populations in the ipsilateral (60, 67, and 63 brain regions, respectively) and contralateral (23, 20, and 36 brain regions, respectively) brain hemispheres. Overall, we demonstrate that there are species differences between tree shrews and rats in the density of PV, NOS, CR, and TH immunoreactivity in the striatum. Additionally, we mapped for the first time the distribution of whole-brain input neurons projecting to the striatum of tree shrews with FG injected into the Cd, Pu, and Acb. The similarities and differences in their brain-wide input patterns may provide new insights into the diverse functions of the striatal subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jun Ni
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Mian Shu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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50
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Jiang M, Wang M, Shi Q, Wei L, Lin Y, Wu D, Liu B, Nie X, Qiao H, Xu L, Yang T, Wang Z. Evolution and neural representation of mammalian cooperative behavior. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110029. [PMID: 34788618 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooperation is common in nature and is pivotal to the development of human society. However, the details of how and why cooperation evolved remain poorly understood. Cross-species investigation of cooperation may help to elucidate the evolution of cooperative strategies. Thus, we design an automated cooperative behavioral paradigm and quantitatively examine the cooperative abilities and strategies of mice, rats, and tree shrews. We find that social communication plays a key role in the establishment of cooperation and that increased cooperative ability and a more efficient cooperative strategy emerge as a function of the evolutionary hierarchy of the tested species. Moreover, we demonstrate that single-unit activities in the orbitofrontal and prelimbic cortex in rats represent neural signals that may be used to distinguish between the cooperative and non-cooperative tasks, and such signals are distinct from the reward signals. Both signals may represent distinct components of the internal drive for cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengping Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miaoyaoxin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yongqin Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dingcheng Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Boyi Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiupeng Nie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms and Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Hong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms and Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Tianming Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Zuoren Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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