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Wang Z, Xue H, Sun Y, Wang Q, Sun W, Zhang H. Deciphering the Biological Aging Impact on Alveolar Bone Loss: Insights From α-Klotho and Renal Function Dynamics. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae172. [PMID: 38995226 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alveolar bone loss is generally considered a chronological age-related disease. As biological aging process is not absolutely determined by increasing age, whether alveolar bone loss is associated with increasing chronological age or biological aging remains unclear. Accurately distinguishing whether alveolar bone loss is chronological age-related or biological aging-related is critical for selecting appropriate clinical treatments. This study aimed to identify the relationship between alveolar bone loss and body aging. In total, 3 635 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and 71 living kidney transplant recipients from Gene Expression Omnibus Datasets were enrolled. Multivariate regression analysis, smooth curve fittings, and generalized additive models were used to explore the association among alveolar bone loss, age, serum α-Klotho level, renal function markers, as well as between preoperative creatinine and renal cortex-related α-Klotho gene expression level. Meanwhile, a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to assess the causal relationship between α-Klotho and periodontal disease (4 376 individuals vs 361 194 individuals). As a biological aging-related indicator, the α-Klotho level was negatively correlated with impaired renal function and alveolar bone loss. Correspondingly, accompanied by decreasing renal function, it was manifested with a downregulated expression level of α-Klotho in the renal cortex and aggravated alveolar bone loss. The MR analysis further identified the negative association between higher genetically predicted α-Klotho concentrations with alveolar bone loss susceptibility using the IVW (odds ratio [OR] = 0.999, p = .005). However, an inversely U-shaped association was observed between chronological age and alveolar bone loss, which is especially stable in men (the optimal cutoff values were both 62 years old). For men above 62 years old, increasing age is converted to protective factor and is accompanied by alleviated alveolar bone loss. Alveolar bone loss that is directly associated with decreased renal function and α-Klotho level was related to biological aging rather than chronological age. The renal-alveolar bone axis could provide a new sight of clinical therapy in alveolar bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wansu Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hengguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Shim HS, Iaconelli J, Shang X, Li J, Lan ZD, Jiang S, Nutsch K, Beyer BA, Lairson LL, Boutin AT, Bollong MJ, Schultz PG, DePinho RA. TERT activation targets DNA methylation and multiple aging hallmarks. Cell 2024; 187:4030-4042.e13. [PMID: 38908367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient telomerase activity, stemming from low telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene transcription, contributes to telomere dysfunction and aging pathologies. Besides its traditional function in telomere synthesis, TERT acts as a transcriptional co-regulator of genes pivotal in aging and age-associated diseases. Here, we report the identification of a TERT activator compound (TAC) that upregulates TERT transcription via the MEK/ERK/AP-1 cascade. In primary human cells and naturally aged mice, TAC-induced elevation of TERT levels promotes telomere synthesis, blunts tissue aging hallmarks with reduced cellular senescence and inflammatory cytokines, and silences p16INK4a expression via upregulation of DNMT3B-mediated promoter hypermethylation. In the brain, TAC alleviates neuroinflammation, increases neurotrophic factors, stimulates adult neurogenesis, and preserves cognitive function without evident toxicity, including cancer risk. Together, these findings underscore TERT's critical role in aging processes and provide preclinical proof of concept for physiological TERT activation as a strategy to mitigate multiple aging hallmarks and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Seok Shim
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan Iaconelli
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiexi Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zheng D Lan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kayla Nutsch
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brittney A Beyer
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Luke L Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adam T Boutin
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael J Bollong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter G Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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3
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Hammer FA, Hölmich P, Nehlin JO, Vomstein K, Blønd L, Hölmich LR, Barfod KW, Bagge J. Microfragmented abdominal adipose tissue-derived stem cells from knee osteoarthritis patients aged 29-65 years demonstrate in vitro stemness and low levels of cellular senescence. J Exp Orthop 2024; 11:e12056. [PMID: 38911188 PMCID: PMC11190460 DOI: 10.1002/jeo2.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the level of cellular senescence in stem cells derived from microfragmented abdominal adipose tissue harvested from patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Stem cells harvested from microfragmented abdominal adipose tissue from 20 patients with knee OA, aged 29-65 years (mean = 49.8, SD = 9.58), were analysed as a function of patient age and compared with control cells exhibiting signs of cellular senescence. Steady-state mRNA levels of a panel of genes associated with senescence were measured by qPCR. Intracellular senescence-associated proteins p16 and p21, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity were measured by flow cytometry. Cellular proliferation was assessed using a 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine proliferation assay. Stemness was assessed by stem cell surface markers using flow cytometry and the capacity to undergo adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Results No correlation was found between cellular senescence levels of the microfragmented adipose tissue-derived stem cells and patient age for any of the standard assays used to quantify senescence. The level of cellular senescence was generally low across all senescence-associated assays compared to the positive senescence control. Stemness was verified for all samples. An increased capacity to undergo adipogenic differentiation was shown with increasing patient age (p = 0.02). No effect of patient age was found for osteogenic differentiation. Conclusions Autologous microfragmented adipose tissue-derived stem cells may be used in clinical trials of knee OA of patients aged 29-65 years, at least until passage 4, as they show stemness potential and negligible senescence in vitro. Level of Evidence Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freja Aabæk Hammer
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center—Copenhagen (SORC‐C), Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital—Amager and HvidovreHvidovreDenmark
| | - Per Hölmich
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center—Copenhagen (SORC‐C), Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital—Amager and HvidovreHvidovreDenmark
| | - Jan O. Nehlin
- Department of Clinical ResearchCopenhagen University Hospital—Amager and HvidovreHvidovreDenmark
| | - Kilian Vomstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fertility ClinicCopenhagen University Hospital—HvidovreHvidovreDenmark
| | - Lars Blønd
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryZealand University Hospital—KøgeKøgeDenmark
| | | | - Kristoffer Weisskirchner Barfod
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center—Copenhagen (SORC‐C), Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital—Amager and HvidovreHvidovreDenmark
| | - Jasmin Bagge
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center—Copenhagen (SORC‐C), Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital—Amager and HvidovreHvidovreDenmark
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Baima G, Romano F, Franco F, Roato I, Mussano F, Berta GN, Aimetti M. Impact of Inflammatory Markers and Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid on the Outcomes of Periodontal Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6687. [PMID: 38928390 PMCID: PMC11204308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the molecular expression profile (senescence-associated secretory phenotype; SASP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) prior to surgery in relation to the distribution of clinical success of periodontal regeneration. Forty consecutive patients presenting sites with residual probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 6 mm and intrabony defects ≥ 3 mm were treated through a minimally invasive surgical technique. Pre-operatively, GCF was sampled for inflammatory biomarker analysis related to SASP [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-12; matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP)-8 and -9]. Better or worse responders were classified depending on the achievement of a composite outcome measure at 1-year [COM; PPD ≤ 4 mm and clinical attachment gain (CAL) gain ≥ 3 mm]. Correlation analyses and logistic regression models were performed. Periodontal regeneration led to significant improvements in mean clinical and radiographic parameters. Teeth achieving COM presented significantly lower amounts of SASP factors compared with non-successful teeth. Higher CAL gain, PPD reduction, and radiographic bone fill were negatively correlated with IL-1β and MMP-8 and -9 (p < 0.001), while IL-12 showed a direct relationship with CAL gain (p = 0.005) and PPD reduction (p = 0.038). Sites expressing higher SASP expression in the GCF before periodontal regeneration achieved worse clinical and radiographic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10026 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (I.R.); (F.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10026 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (I.R.); (F.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Francesco Franco
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10026 Turin, Italy; (F.F.); (G.N.B.)
| | - Ilaria Roato
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10026 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (I.R.); (F.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Federico Mussano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10026 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (I.R.); (F.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Giovanni Nicolao Berta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10026 Turin, Italy; (F.F.); (G.N.B.)
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10026 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (I.R.); (F.M.); (M.A.)
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Klinaki E, Ogrodnik M. In the land of not-unhappiness: On the state-of-the-art of targeting aging and age-related diseases by biomedical research. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 219:111929. [PMID: 38561164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The concept of the Land of Not-Unhappiness refers to the potential achievement of eliminating the pathologies of the aging process. To inform of how close we are to settling in the land, we summarize and review the achievements of research on anti-aging interventions over the last hundred years with a specific focus on strategies that slow down metabolism, compensate for aging-related losses, and target a broad range of age-related diseases. We critically evaluate the existing interventions labeled as "anti-aging," such as calorie restriction, exercise, stem cell administration, and senolytics, to provide a down-to-earth evaluation of their current applicability in counteracting aging. Throughout the text, we have maintained a light tone to make it accessible to non-experts in biogerontology, and provide a broad overview for those considering conducting studies, research, or seeking to understand the scientific basis of anti-aging medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Klinaki
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna 1200, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna 1200, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna 1200, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna 1200, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Pozzo LD, Xu Z, Lin S, Wang J, Wang Y, Enechojo OS, Abankwah JK, Peng Y, Chu X, Zhou H, Bian Y. Role of epigenetics in the regulation of skin aging and geroprotective intervention: A new sight. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116592. [PMID: 38615608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple epigenetic factors play a regulatory role in maintaining the homeostasis of cutaneous components and are implicated in the aging process of the skin. They have been associated with the activation of the senescence program, which is the primary contributor to age-related decline in the skin. Senescent species drive a series of interconnected processes that impact the immediate surroundings, leading to structural changes, diminished functionality, and heightened vulnerability to infections. Geroprotective medicines that may restore the epigenetic balance represent valid therapeutic alliances against skin aging. Most of them are well-known Western medications such as metformin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), rapamycin, and histone deacetylase inhibitors, while others belong to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) remedies for which the scientific literature provides limited information. With the help of the Geroprotectors.org database and a comprehensive analysis of the referenced literature, we have compiled data on compounds and formulae that have shown potential in preventing skin aging and have been identified as epigenetic modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dal Pozzo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shan Lin
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jida Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ogbe Susan Enechojo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Joseph Kofi Abankwah
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yanfei Peng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Yuhong Bian
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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7
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Munshi PN, McCurdy SR. Age barriers in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: Raising the silver curtain. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:922-937. [PMID: 38414188 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is no longer exclusively for the young. With an aging population, development of non-intensive remission-inducing strategies for hematologic malignancies, and novel graft-versus-host disease-prevention platforms, an older population of patients is pursuing HCT. The evolving population of HCT recipients requires an overhaul in the way we risk-stratify and optimize patients prior to HCT. Here, we review the history and current state of HCT for older adults and propose an assessment and intervention flow to bridge the gaps in today's clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pashna N Munshi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shannon R McCurdy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Zhao H, Fan S, Sun J. Delayed Wound Healing in the Elderly and a New Therapeutic Target: CD271. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:316-323. [PMID: 37016526 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230403083603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
With the development of society, the global population is showing a trend of aging. It is well known that age is one of the factors affecting wound healing. Aging compromises the normal physiological process of wound healing, such as the change of skin structure, the decrease of growth factors, the deceleration of cell proliferation, and the weakening of migration ability, hence delaying wound healing. At present, research in adult stem cell-related technology and its derived regenerative medicine provides a novel idea for the treatment of senile wounds. Studies have confirmed that CD271 (P75 neurotropism receptor/P75NTR)-positive cells (CD271+ cells) are a kind of stem cells with a stronger ability of proliferation, differentiation, migration and secretion than CD271 negative (CD271- cells). Meanwhile, the total amount and distribution of CD271 positive cells in different ages of skin are also different, which may be related to the delayed wound healing of aging skin. Therefore, this article reviews the relationship between CD271+ cells and senile wounds and discusses a new scheme for the treatment of senile wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqing Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Sirui Fan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
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Rothermund K, Englert C, Gerstorf D. Explaining Variation in Individual Aging, Its Sources, and Consequences: A Comprehensive Conceptual Model of Human Aging. Gerontology 2023; 69:1437-1447. [PMID: 37769642 PMCID: PMC10711769 DOI: 10.1159/000534324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We define aging as a characteristic deterioration in one (or more) observable attributes of an organism that typically occurs during later life. With this narrow functional definition, we gain the freedom to separate aging from other processes of age-related change (e.g., maturation, growth, illness, terminal decline). We introduce a structural model that distinguishes between (1) the phenomenon of aging, (2) the subjective experience of aging, (3) sources of aging, and (4) consequences of aging. A core focus of the model is on the role of buffering mechanisms of biological repair and personal adaptation that regulate the relations between sources of aging, aging proper, and its consequences. The quality and level of functioning of these buffering mechanisms also varies across the life span, which directly affects the sources of aging, resulting in either resilience against or accelerated aging, and thus can be considered to be a major source of the variation in aging processes among different individuals. External factors comprising attributes of the physical environment and sociocultural characteristics are considered as contexts in which aging occurs. These contextual factors are assumed to feed into the various components of the model. Our model provides an interdisciplinary account of human aging, its sources and consequences, and also its subjective experience, by integrating biological, psychological, lifestyle, and sociocultural factors, and by specifying their interrelations and interactions. The model provides a comprehensive understanding of individual human aging, its underlying processes, and modulating factors. It allows for the derivation of empirically testable hypotheses, and it helps practitioners to identify elements that lend themselves to targeted intervention efforts aimed at increasing the resilience of individuals against aging and buffering its negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Rothermund
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Zentrum für Alternsforschung Jena (ZAJ), Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Englert
- Zentrum für Alternsforschung Jena (ZAJ), Jena, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
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Ems G, Severino L, Nisolle JF, Nicaise C, Lambrichts I, LoMonaco M, Bronckaers A, Hontoir F, Vandeweerd JM. Volumetry of ovine incisors dental pulp for further regenerative therapy. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:770-777. [PMID: 37278128 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used for regenerative therapy. Dental pulp MSCs make extracted wisdom teeth a useful resource in humans. Preclinical validation of regenerative therapies requires large animal models such as the sheep. Since stem cells can be retrieved from the dental pulp of ovine incisors, the best age to extract a maximal volume of dental pulp needs to be defined. The objective of this ex vivo study was to quantify incisors dental pulp volume, in sheep of various age. Three jaws were dedicated to histology (one per age group); the others were imaged with a computed tomography scanner [3 years-old (n = 9), 4 (n = 3) and 6 (n = 5)]. The incisors dental pulp volume was measured after 3D reconstruction. Multiple linear regression showed that dental pulp volume of ovine incisors decreases with age (β-estimate = -3.3; p < 0.0001) and teeth position from the more central to the more lateral (β-estimate = -4.9; p = 0.0009). Weight was not a relevant variable in the regression model. The dental pulp volume ranged from 36.7 to 19.6 mm3 in 3-year-old sheep, from 23.6 to 11.3 in 4-year-old sheep, and from 19.4 to 11.5 in 6-year-old sheep. The pulp volume of the most central teeth (first intermediate) was significantly higher than the most lateral teeth (corner). Haematoxylin-Eosin-Safran of the whole incisors, and of isolated dental pulps demonstrated a similar morphology to that in humans. The first intermediate incisor of 3-year-old sheep should be selected preferentially in preclinical research to retrieve the highest volume of dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Ems
- URVI (Unité de Recherche Vétérinaire Intégrée), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Leandra Severino
- URVI (Unité de Recherche Vétérinaire Intégrée), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Nisolle
- CHU UCL NAMUR (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Université Catholique de Louvain-Namur), Godinne, Belgium
| | - Charles Nicaise
- LNR (Laboratoire Neurodégénérescence et Régénération), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Cardio & organ systems, BIOMED, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Melissa LoMonaco
- Cardio & organ systems, BIOMED, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Cardio & organ systems, BIOMED, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Fanny Hontoir
- URVI (Unité de Recherche Vétérinaire Intégrée), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Vandeweerd
- URVI (Unité de Recherche Vétérinaire Intégrée), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
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11
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Lathe R, St Clair D. Programmed ageing: decline of stem cell renewal, immunosenescence, and Alzheimer's disease. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1424-1458. [PMID: 37068798 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic maximum lifespan varies enormously across animal species from a few hours to hundreds of years. This argues that maximum lifespan, and the ageing process that itself dictates lifespan, are to a large extent genetically determined. Although controversial, this is supported by firm evidence that semelparous species display evolutionarily programmed ageing in response to reproductive and environmental cues. Parabiosis experiments reveal that ageing is orchestrated systemically through the circulation, accompanied by programmed changes in hormone levels across a lifetime. This implies that, like the circadian and circannual clocks, there is a master 'clock of age' (circavital clock) located in the limbic brain of mammals that modulates systemic changes in growth factor and hormone secretion over the lifespan, as well as systemic alterations in gene expression as revealed by genomic methylation analysis. Studies on accelerated ageing in mice, as well as human longevity genes, converge on evolutionarily conserved fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors, including KLOTHO, as well as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and steroid hormones, as key players mediating the systemic effects of ageing. Age-related changes in these and multiple other factors are inferred to cause a progressive decline in tissue maintenance through failure of stem cell replenishment. This most severely affects the immune system, which requires constant renewal from bone marrow stem cells. Age-related immune decline increases risk of infection whereas lifespan can be extended in germfree animals. This and other evidence suggests that infection is the major cause of death in higher organisms. Immune decline is also associated with age-related diseases. Taking the example of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we assess the evidence that AD is caused by immunosenescence and infection. The signature protein of AD brain, Aβ, is now known to be an antimicrobial peptide, and Aβ deposits in AD brain may be a response to infection rather than a cause of disease. Because some cognitively normal elderly individuals show extensive neuropathology, we argue that the location of the pathology is crucial - specifically, lesions to limbic brain are likely to accentuate immunosenescence, and could thus underlie a vicious cycle of accelerated immune decline and microbial proliferation that culminates in AD. This general model may extend to other age-related diseases, and we propose a general paradigm of organismal senescence in which declining stem cell proliferation leads to programmed immunosenescence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lathe
- Division of Infection Medicine, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Little France, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - David St Clair
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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12
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Tsissios G, Theodoroudis-Rapp G, Chen W, Sallese A, Smucker B, Ernst L, Chen J, Xu Y, Ratvasky S, Wang H, Del Rio-Tsonis K. Characterizing the lens regeneration process in Pleurodeles waltl. Differentiation 2023; 132:15-23. [PMID: 37055300 PMCID: PMC10493237 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging and regeneration are heavily linked processes. While it is generally accepted that regenerative capacity declines with age, some vertebrates, such as newts, can bypass the deleterious effects of aging and successfully regenerate a lens throughout their lifetime. RESULTS Here, we used Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) to monitor the lens regeneration process of larvae, juvenile, and adult newts. While all three life stages were able to regenerate a lens through transdifferentiation of the dorsal iris pigment epithelial cells (iPECs), an age-related change in the kinetics of the regeneration process was observed. Consistent with these findings, iPECs from older animals exhibited a delay in cell cycle re-entry. Furthermore, it was observed that clearance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) was delayed in older organisms. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results suggest that although lens regeneration capacity does not decline throughout the lifespan of newts, the intrinsic and extrinsic cellular changes associated with aging alter the kinetics of this process. By understanding how these changes affect lens regeneration in newts, we can gain important insights for restoring the age-related regeneration decline observed in most vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsissios
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | | | - Weihao Chen
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Anthony Sallese
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Byran Smucker
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Department of Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Lake Ernst
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Junfan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Yiqi Xu
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Sophia Ratvasky
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Katia Del Rio-Tsonis
- Department of Biology Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA; Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
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13
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Mposhi A, Turner JD. How can early life adversity still exert an effect decades later? A question of timing, tissues and mechanisms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1215544. [PMID: 37457711 PMCID: PMC10348484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1215544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to any number of stressors during the first 1000 days from conception to age 2 years is important in shaping an individual's life trajectory of health and disease. Despite the expanding range of stressors as well as later-life phenotypes and outcomes, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Our previous data strongly suggests that early-life exposure to a stressor reduces the capacity of the immune system to generate subsequent generations of naïve cells, while others have shown that, early life stress impairs the capacity of neuronal stem cells to proliferate as they age. This leads us to the "stem cell hypothesis" whereby exposure to adversity during a sensitive period acts through a common mechanism in all the cell types by programming the tissue resident progenitor cells. Furthermore, we review the mechanistic differences observed in fully differentiated cells and suggest that early life adversity (ELA) may alter mitochondria in stem cells. This may consequently alter the destiny of these cells, producing the lifelong "supply" of functionally altered fully differentiated cells.
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14
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Saud Gany SL, Chin KY, Tan JK, Aminuddin A, Makpol S. Curcumin as a Therapeutic Agent for Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112526. [PMID: 37299489 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and functions as we age. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia is underlined by oxidative stress and inflammation. As such, it is reasonable to suggest that a natural compound with both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities could prevent sarcopenia. Curcumin, a natural compound derived from turmeric with both properties, could benefit muscle health. This review aims to summarise the therapeutic effects of curcumin on cellular, animal, and human studies. The available evidence found in the literature showed that curcumin prevents muscle degeneration by upregulating the expression of genes related to protein synthesis and suppressing genes related to muscle degradation. It also protects muscle health by maintaining satellite cell number and function, protecting the mitochondrial function of muscle cells, and suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. However, it is noted that most studies are preclinical. Evidence from randomised control trials in humans is lacking. In conclusion, curcumin has the potential to be utilised to manage muscle wasting and injury, pending more evidence from carefully planned human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Liyana Saud Gany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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15
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Ortiz GGR, Mohammadi Y, Nazari A, Ataeinaeini M, Kazemi P, Yasamineh S, Al-Naqeeb BZT, Zaidan HK, Gholizadeh O. A state-of-the-art review on the MicroRNAs roles in hematopoietic stem cell aging and longevity. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:85. [PMID: 37095512 PMCID: PMC10123996 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological process determined through time-related cellular and functional impairments, leading to a decreased standard of living for the organism. Recently, there has been an unprecedented advance in the aging investigation, especially the detection that the rate of senescence is at least somewhat regulated via evolutionarily preserved genetic pathways and biological processes. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain blood generation over the whole lifetime of an organism. The senescence process influences many of the natural features of HSC, leading to a decline in their capabilities, independently of their microenvironment. New studies show that HSCs are sensitive to age-dependent stress and gradually lose their self-renewal and regeneration potential with senescence. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally inhibit translation or stimulate target mRNA cleavage of target transcripts via the sequence-particular connection. MiRNAs control various biological pathways and processes, such as senescence. Several miRNAs are differentially expressed in senescence, producing concern about their use as moderators of the senescence process. MiRNAs play an important role in the control of HSCs and can also modulate processes associated with tissue senescence in specific cell types. In this review, we display the contribution of age-dependent alterations, including DNA damage, epigenetic landscape, metabolism, and extrinsic factors, which affect HSCs function during aging. In addition, we investigate the particular miRNAs regulating HSCs senescence and age-associated diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovanny Genaro Reivan Ortiz
- Laboratory of Basic Psychology, Behavioral Analysis and Programmatic Development (PAD-LAB), Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Yasaman Mohammadi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nazari
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Kazemi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Stem Cell Research Center at, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Haider Kamil Zaidan
- Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Omid Gholizadeh
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Gehle SC, Kleissler D, Heiling H, Deal A, Xu Z, Ayer Miller VL, Taylor JA, Smitherman AB. Accelerated epigenetic aging and myopenia in young adult cancer survivors. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 37031460 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adult cancer survivors experience early aging-related morbidities and mortality. Biological aging biomarkers may identify at-risk survivors and increase our understanding of mechanisms underlying this accelerated aging. METHODS Using an observational study design, we cross-sectionally measured DNA methylation-based epigenetic age in young adult cancer survivors at a tertiary, academic state cancer hospital. Participants were a convenience sample of consecutively enrolled survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancers treated with either an anthracycline or alkylating agent, and who were at least 3 months post-treatment. Similarly aged healthy comparators were consecutively enrolled. Cancer treatment and treatment intensity were compared to DNA methylation-based epigenetic age and pace of aging. RESULTS Sixty survivors (58 completing assessments, mean age 20.5 years, range 18-29) and 27 comparators (mean age 20 years, range 17-29) underwent DNA methylation measurement. Survivors were predominantly female (62%) and white (60%) and averaged nearly 6 years post-treatment (range 0.2-25 years). Both epigenetic age (AgeAccelGrim: 1.5 vs. -2.4, p < 0.0001; AgeAccelPheno 2.3 vs. -3.8, p = 0.0013) and pace of aging (DunedinPACE 0.99 vs. 0.83, p < 0.0001) were greater in survivors versus comparators. In case-case adjusted analysis, compared to survivors with normal muscle mass, myopenic survivors had higher AgeAccelGrim (2.2 years, 95% CI 0.02-4.33, p = 0.02), AgeAccelPheno (6.2 years, 2.36-10.09, p < 0.001), and DunedinPACE (0.11, 0.05-0.17, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic age is older and pace of aging is faster in young adult cancer survivors compared to noncancer peers, which is evident in the early post-therapy period. Survivors with physiological impairment demonstrate greater epigenetic age advancement. Measures of epigenetic age may identify young adult survivors at higher risk for poor functional and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Gehle
- Department of Pediatrics UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel Kleissler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hillary Heiling
- Department of Biostatistics at the Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allison Deal
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zongli Xu
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vanessa L Ayer Miller
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew B Smitherman
- Department of Pediatrics UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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17
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Zavatta A, Parisi F, Mandò C, Scaccabarozzi C, Savasi VM, Cetin I. Role of Inflammaging on the Reproductive Function and Pregnancy. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 64:145-160. [PMID: 35031955 PMCID: PMC8760119 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During female lifetime and pregnancy, inflammation and cellular senescence are implicated in physiological processes, from ovulation and menstruation, to placental homeostasis and delivery. Several lifestyles, nutritional, and environmental insults, as well as long-lasting pregestational inflammatory diseases may lead to detrimental effects in promoting and sustaining a chronic excessive inflammatory response and inflammaging, which finally contribute to the decay of fertility and pregnancy outcome, with a negative effect on placental function, fetal development, and future health risk profile in the offspring. Maladaptation to pregnancy and obstetric disease may in turn increase maternal inflammaging in a feedback loop, speeding up aging processes and outbreak of chronic diseases. Maternal inflammaging may also impact, through transgenerational effects, on future adult health. Hence, efficacious interventions should be implemented by physicians and healthcare professionals involved in prevention activities to reduce the modifiable factors contributing to the inflammaging process in order to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Zavatta
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'V. Buzzi' Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154, Milan, Italy
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'L. Sacco' Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'V. Buzzi' Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mandò
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Scaccabarozzi
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'L. Sacco' Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria M Savasi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'L. Sacco' Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Woman Mother and Neonate 'V. Buzzi' Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy.
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18
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Romero-García N, Huete-Acevedo J, Mas-Bargues C, Sanz-Ros J, Dromant M, Borrás C. The Double-Edged Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Hallmarks of Aging. Biomolecules 2023; 13:165. [PMID: 36671550 PMCID: PMC9855573 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The exponential growth in the elderly population and their associated socioeconomic burden have recently brought aging research into the spotlight. To integrate current knowledge and guide potential interventions, nine biochemical pathways are summarized under the term hallmarks of aging. These hallmarks are deeply inter-related and act together to drive the aging process. Altered intercellular communication is particularly relevant since it explains how damage at the cellular level translates into age-related loss of function at the organismal level. As the main effectors of intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) might play a key role in the aggravation or mitigation of the hallmarks of aging. This review aims to summarize this role and to provide context for the multiple emerging EV-based gerotherapeutic strategies that are currently under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nekane Romero-García
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Trauma Intensive Care, Hospital Clinic Universitari Valencia, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Huete-Acevedo
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Sanz-Ros
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Dromant
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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19
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Mancinelli L, Intini G. Age-associated declining of the regeneration potential of skeletal stem/progenitor cells. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1087254. [PMID: 36818437 PMCID: PMC9931727 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1087254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fractures represent a significant health burden worldwide, mainly because of the rising number of elderly people. As people become older, the risk and the frequency of bone fractures increase drastically. Such increase arises from loss of skeletal integrity and is also associated to a reduction of the bone regeneration potential. Central to loss of skeletal integrity and reduction of regeneration potential are the skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs), as they are responsible for the growth, regeneration, and repair of the bone tissue. However, the exact identity of the SSPCs has not yet been determined. Consequently, their functions, and especially dysfunctions, during aging have never been fully characterized. In this review, with the final goal of describing SSPCs dysfunctions associated to aging, we first discuss some of the most recent findings about their identification. Then, we focus on how SSPCs participate in the normal bone regeneration process and how aging can modify their regeneration potential, ultimately leading to age-associated bone fractures and lack of repair. Novel perspectives based on our experience are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Mancinelli
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Giuseppe Intini
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,University of Pittsburgh UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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20
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Graça AL, Gomez-Florit M, Gomes ME, Docheva D. Tendon Aging. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:121-147. [PMID: 37120467 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Tendons are mechanosensitive connective tissues responsible for the connection between muscles and bones by transmitting forces that allow the movement of the body, yet, with advancing age, tendons become more prone to degeneration followed by injuries. Tendon diseases are one of the main causes of incapacity worldwide, leading to changes in tendon composition, structure, and biomechanical properties, as well as a decline in regenerative potential. There is still a great lack of knowledge regarding tendon cellular and molecular biology, interplay between biochemistry and biomechanics, and the complex pathomechanisms involved in tendon diseases. Consequently, this reflects a huge need for basic and clinical research to better elucidate the nature of healthy tendon tissue and also tendon aging process and associated diseases. This chapter concisely describes the effects that the aging process has on tendons at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels and briefly reviews potential biological predictors of tendon aging. Recent research findings that are herein reviewed and discussed might contribute to the development of precision tendon therapies targeting the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Graça
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuel Gomez-Florit
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuela Estima Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopaedic Hospital König-Ludwig-Haus, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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21
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Abstract
Cellular senescence is implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions throughout an organism's entire lifetime. In particular, it has become evident that senescence plays a causative role in aging and age-associated disorders. This is not due simply to the loss of function of senescent cells. Instead, the substantial alterations of the cellular activities of senescent cells, especially the array of secretory factors, impact the surrounding tissues or even entire organisms. Such non-cell-autonomous functionality is largely coordinated by tissue-specific genes, constituting a cell fate-determining state. Senescence can be viewed as a gain-of-function phenotype or a process of cell identity shift. Cellular functionality or lineage-specific gene expression is tightly linked to the cell type-specific epigenetic landscape, reinforcing the heterogeneity of senescence across cell types. Here, we aim to define the senescence cellular functionality and epigenetic features that may contribute to the gain-of-function phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Olan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; ,
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22
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Hamel KM, King CT, Cavalier MB, Liimatta KQ, Rozanski GL, King TA, Lam M, Bingham GC, Byrne CE, Xing D, Collins-Burow BM, Burow ME, Belgodere JA, Bratton MR, Bunnell BA, Martin EC. Breast Cancer-Stromal Interactions: Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cell Age and Cancer Subtype Mediated Remodeling. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:604-620. [PMID: 35579936 PMCID: PMC9595652 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is characterized as an endocrine organ that acts as a source of hormones and paracrine factors. In diseases such as cancer, endocrine and paracrine signals from adipose tissue contribute to cancer progression. Young individuals with estrogen receptor-alpha positive (ER-α+) breast cancer (BC) have an increased resistance to endocrine therapies, suggesting that alternative estrogen signaling is activated within these cells. Despite this, the effects of stromal age on the endocrine response in BC are not well defined. To identify differences between young and aged ER-α+ breast tumors, RNA sequencing data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Analysis revealed enrichment of matrix and paracrine factors in young (≤40 years old) patients compared to aged (≥65 years old) tumor samples. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) from noncancerous lipoaspirate of young and aged donors were evaluated for alterations in matrix production and paracrine secreted factors to determine if the tumor stroma could alter estrogen signaling. Young and aged ASCs demonstrated comparable proliferation, differentiation, and matrix production, but exhibited differences in the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (Interferon gamma, interleukin [IL]-8, IL-10, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-2, and IL-6). Conditioned media (CM)-based experiments showed that young ASC donor age elevated endocrine response in ER-α+ BC cell lines. MCF-7 ER-α+ BC cell line treated with secreted factors from young ASCs had enhanced ER-α regulated genes (PGR and SDF-1) compared to MCF-7 cells treated with aged ASC CM. Western blot analysis demonstrated increased activation levels of p-ER ser-167 in the MCF-7 cell line treated with young ASC secreted factors. To determine if ER-α+ BC cells heightened the cytokine release in ASCs, ASCs were stimulated with MCF-7-derived CM. Results demonstrated no change in growth factors or cytokines when treated with the ER-α+ secretome. In contrast to ER-α+ CM, the ER-α negative MDA-MB-231 derived CM demonstrated increased stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in ASCs. While there was no observed change in the release of selected paracrine factors, MCF-7 cells did induce matrix production and a pro-adipogenic lineage commitment. The adipogenesis was evident by increased collagen content through Sirius Red/Fast Green Collagen stain, lipid accumulation evident by Oil Red O stain, and significantly increased expression in PPARγ mRNA expression. The data from this study provide evidence suggesting more of a subtype-dependent than an age-dependent difference in stromal response to BC, suggesting that this signaling is not heightened by reciprocal signals from ER-α+ BC cell lines. These results are important in understanding the mechanisms of estrogen signaling and the dynamic and reciprocal nature of cancer cell-stromal cell crosstalk that can lead to tumor heterogeneity and variance in response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Hamel
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Connor T. King
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Maryn B. Cavalier
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kara Q. Liimatta
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Grace L. Rozanski
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Timothy A. King
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Meggie Lam
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Grace C. Bingham
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - C. Ethan Byrne
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Diensn Xing
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bridgette M. Collins-Burow
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Matthew E. Burow
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jorge A. Belgodere
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Martin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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23
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Age-Associated Loss in Renal Nestin-Positive Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911015. [PMID: 36232326 PMCID: PMC9569966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The decrease in the number of resident progenitor cells with age was shown for several organs. Such a loss is associated with a decline in regenerative capacity and a greater vulnerability of organs to injury. However, experiments evaluating the number of progenitor cells in the kidney during aging have not been performed until recently. Our study tried to address the change in the number of renal progenitor cells with age. Experiments were carried out on young and old transgenic nestin-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter mice, since nestin is suggested to be one of the markers of progenitor cells. We found that nestin+ cells in kidney tissue were located in the putative niches of resident renal progenitor cells. Evaluation of the amount of nestin+ cells in the kidneys of different ages revealed a multifold decrease in the levels of nestin+ cells in old mice. In vitro experiments on primary cultures of renal tubular cells showed that all cells including nestin+ cells from old mice had a lower proliferation rate. Moreover, the resistance to damaging factors was reduced in cells obtained from old mice. Our data indicate the loss of resident progenitor cells in kidneys and a decrease in renal cells proliferative capacity with aging.
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24
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Viecelli C, Ewald CY. The non-modifiable factors age, gender, and genetics influence resistance exercise. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:1005848. [PMID: 36172603 PMCID: PMC9510838 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1005848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Muscle mass and force are key for movement, life quality, and health. It is well established that resistance exercise is a potent anabolic stimulus increasing muscle mass and force. The response of a physiological system to resistance exercise is composed of non-modifiable (i.e., age, gender, genetics) and modifiable factors (i.e., exercise, nutrition, training status, etc.). Both factors are integrated by systemic responses (i.e., molecular signaling, genetic responses, protein metabolism, etc.), consequently resulting in functional and physiological adaptations. Herein, we discuss the influence of non-modifiable factors on resistance exercise: age, gender, and genetics. A solid understanding of the role of non-modifiable factors might help to adjust training regimes towards optimal muscle mass maintenance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Viecelli
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Collin Y. Ewald
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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25
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Chen Z, Chen P, Zheng M, Gao J, Liu D, Wang A, Zheng Q, Leys T, Tai A, Zheng M. Challenges and perspectives of tendon-derived cell therapy for tendinopathy: from bench to bedside. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:444. [PMID: 36056395 PMCID: PMC9438319 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon is composed of dense fibrous connective tissues, connecting muscle at the myotendinous junction (MTJ) to bone at the enthesis and allowing mechanical force to transmit from muscle to bone. Tendon diseases occur at different zones of the tendon, including enthesis, MTJ and midsubstance of the tendon, due to a variety of environmental and genetic factors which consequently result in different frequencies and recovery rates. Self-healing properties of tendons are limited, and cell therapeutic approaches in which injured tendon tissues are renewed by cell replenishment are highly sought after. Homologous use of individual’s tendon-derived cells, predominantly differentiated tenocytes and tendon-derived stem cells, is emerging as a treatment for tendinopathy through achieving minimal cell manipulation for clinical use. This is the first review summarizing the progress of tendon-derived cell therapy in clinical use and its challenges due to the structural complexity of tendons, heterogeneous composition of extracellular cell matrix and cells and unsuitable cell sources. Further to that, novel future perspectives to improve therapeutic effect in tendon-derived cell therapy based on current basic knowledge are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Chen
- Division of Surgery, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Peilin Chen
- Division of Surgery, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Monica Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Junjie Gao
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Division of Surgery, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Allan Wang
- Division of Surgery, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Qiujian Zheng
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Toby Leys
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Andrew Tai
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Minghao Zheng
- Division of Surgery, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia. .,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
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26
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Cassidy LD, Narita M. Autophagy at the intersection of aging, senescence, and cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3259-3275. [PMID: 35689420 PMCID: PMC9490138 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process in which macromolecules undergo lysosomal degradation. It fulfills essential roles in quality controlling cellular constituents and in energy homeostasis. Basal autophagy is also widely accepted to provide a protective role in aging and aging-related disorders, and its decline with age might precipitate the onset of a variety of diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of basal autophagy in maintaining homeostasis, in part through the maintenance of stem cell populations and the prevention of cellular senescence. We also consider how stress-induced senescence, for example, during oncogene activation and in premalignant disease, might rely on autophagy, and the possibility that the age-associated decline in autophagy might promote tumour development through a variety of mechanisms. Ultimately, evidence suggests that autophagy is required for malignant cancer progression in a number of settings. Thus, autophagy appears to be tumour-suppressive during the early stages of tumorigenesis and tumour-promoting at later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam D. Cassidy
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeUK
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
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27
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Garrosa E, Seco-Calvo J, Garrosa M. Potential Satellite Cell-Linked Biomarkers in Aging Skeletal Muscle Tissue: Proteomics and Proteogenomics to Monitor Sarcopenia. Proteomes 2022; 10:29. [PMID: 35997441 PMCID: PMC9396989 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia (Sp) is the loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with aging which causes an involution of muscle function and strength. Satellite cells (Sc) are myogenic stem cells, which are activated by injury or stress, and repair muscle tissue. With advancing age, there is a decrease in the efficiency of the regenerative response of Sc. Diagnosis occurs with the Sp established by direct assessments of muscle. However, the detection of biomarkers in real-time biofluids by liquid biopsy could represent a step-change in the understanding of the molecular biology and heterogeneity of Sp. A total of 13 potential proteogenomic biomarkers of Sp by their physiological and biological interaction with Sc have been previously described in the literature. Increases in the expression of GDF11, PGC-1α, Sirt1, Pax7, Pax3, Myf5, MyoD, CD34, MyoG, and activation of Notch signaling stimulate Sc activity and proliferation, which could modulate and delay Sp progression. On the contrary, intensified expression of GDF8, p16INK4a, Mrf4, and activation of the Wnt pathway would contribute to early Sp development by directly inducing reduced and/or altered Sc function, which would attenuate the restorative capacity of skeletal muscle. Additionally, tissue biopsy remains an important diagnostic tool. Proteomic profiling of aged muscle tissues has shown shifts toward protein isoforms characteristic of a fast-to-slow transition process and an elevated number of oxidized proteins. In addition, a strong association between age and plasma values of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has been described and serpin family A member 3 (serpin A3n) was more secreted by atrophied muscle cells. The identification of these new biomarkers holds the potential to change personalized medicine because it could predict in real time the course of Sp by monitoring its evolution and assessing responses to potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Evelina Garrosa
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCYL), University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Seco-Calvo
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Physiotherapy Department, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 Leon, Spain
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Basque Country University, 48900 Leioa, Spain
| | - Manuel Garrosa
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCYL), University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
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28
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Schulze-Tanzil GG, Delgado-Calcares M, Stange R, Wildemann B, Docheva D. Tendon healing: a concise review on cellular and molecular mechanisms with a particular focus on the Achilles tendon. Bone Joint Res 2022; 11:561-574. [PMID: 35920195 PMCID: PMC9396922 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.118.bjr-2021-0576.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon is a bradytrophic and hypovascular tissue, hence, healing remains a major challenge. The molecular key events involved in successful repair have to be unravelled to develop novel strategies that reduce the risk of unfavourable outcomes such as non-healing, adhesion formation, and scarring. This review will consider the diverse pathophysiological features of tendon-derived cells that lead to failed healing, including misrouted differentiation (e.g. de- or transdifferentiation) and premature cell senescence, as well as the loss of functional progenitors. Many of these features can be attributed to disturbed cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) or unbalanced soluble mediators involving not only resident tendon cells, but also the cross-talk with immigrating immune cell populations. Unrestrained post-traumatic inflammation could hinder successful healing. Pro-angiogenic mediators trigger hypervascularization and lead to persistence of an immature repair tissue, which does not provide sufficient mechano-competence. Tendon repair tissue needs to achieve an ECM composition, structure, strength, and stiffness that resembles the undamaged highly hierarchically ordered tendon ECM. Adequate mechano-sensation and -transduction by tendon cells orchestrate ECM synthesis, stabilization by cross-linking, and remodelling as a prerequisite for the adaptation to the increased mechanical challenges during healing. Lastly, this review will discuss, from the cell biological point of view, possible optimization strategies for augmenting Achilles tendon (AT) healing outcomes, including adapted mechanostimulation and novel approaches by restraining neoangiogenesis, modifying stem cell niche parameters, tissue engineering, the modulation of the inflammatory cells, and the application of stimulatory factors.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(8):561-574.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Delgado-Calcares
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Stange
- Department of Regenerative Musculoskeletal Medicine, Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine (IMM), University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Britt Wildemann
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopaedic Hospital König-Ludwig-Haus, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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29
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Altamirano-Samaniego F, Enciso-Benavides J, Rojas N, Iglesias-Pedraz JM, Enciso N, Fossatti M, Enciso J. First report of canine morbillivirus infection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells from dogs with distemper. Vet World 2022; 15:1835-1842. [PMID: 36185532 PMCID: PMC9394121 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1835-1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Ribonucleic acid viruses remain latent in different cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells; however, the distemper virus remains undetected in these cells. This study aimed to determine whether adipose stem cells (ASCs) from dogs with distemper disease are infected with the canine morbillivirus (CM). Materials and Methods: Twelve dogs with the neurological phase of the disease and who were positive for CM by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), were studied. ASCs from adipose tissue of the lesser omentum of these infected dogs were isolated and characterized. Direct fluorescence was used to detect the viral antigen in cell cultures. Flow cytometry and RT-PCR identified detectable quantities of the virus in two cultures, while electron microscopy confirmed the CM particles within ASCs. Results: This study revealed that ASCs of the omentum of dogs with distemper disease can be infected with CM, indicating their possible involvement in this virus latency and persistence. This suggests that its detection should be considered within the quality control process of stem cells intended for regenerative medicine. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates that omentum ASCs from dogs with distemper disease can be infected with CM and may be involved in viral latency or persistence. Our study also suggests that the detection of CM should be considered within the quality control process of stem cells intended for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nancy Rojas
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Nathaly Enciso
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Matia Fossatti
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Javier Enciso
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
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30
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Zhang S, Zhu N, Gu J, Li HF, Qiu Y, Liao DF, Qin L. Crosstalk between Lipid Rafts and Aging: New Frontiers for Delaying Aging. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1042-1055. [PMID: 35855333 PMCID: PMC9286918 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid aging in the global population, delay of aging has become a hot research topic. Lipid rafts (LRs) are microdomains in the plasma membrane that contain sphingolipids and cholesterol. Emerging evidence indicates an interesting interplay between LRs and aging. LRs and their components are altered with aging. Further, the aging process is strongly influenced by LRs. In recent years, LRs and their component signaling molecules have been recognized to affect aging by interfering with its hallmarks. Therefore, targeting LRs is a promising strategy to delay aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- 1Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- 2Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Gu
- 1Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Fang Li
- 1Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Qiu
- 1Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- 1Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Li Qin
- 1Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,3Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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31
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Zhao Y, Niu D, Ye E, Huang J, Wang J, Hou X, Wu J. Secular Trends in the Burden of Multiple Myeloma From 1990 to 2019 and Its Projection Until 2044 in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:938770. [PMID: 35875035 PMCID: PMC9304978 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.938770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Multiple myeloma (MM) imposes a heavy burden in China. Understanding the secular trend of MM burden and projecting its future trend could facilitate appropriate public health planning and improve the management of MM. Methods Sex-specific incidence and mortality rates of MM in China from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. The secular trend of MM burden was analyzed by joinpoint regression. Age–period–cohort model was used to analyze the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on MM burden and project future trends up to 2044. Results From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of MM continued to increase in males. For females, the age-standardized rates were stable in MM incidence and decreased in MM mortality. Males had a higher disease burden of MM than females. Age effects were the most significant risk factor for MM incidence and mortality. Moreover, the risk of MM incidence and mortality increased with increasing time period but decreased with birth cohort in males and females. The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of MM in China is predicted to be continuously increasing over the next 25 years. Conclusion The burden of MM in China is expected to continue to increase in the future, with significant sex difference. A comprehensive understanding of the risk characteristics and disease pattern of MM could help develop timely intervention measures to effectively reduce its burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Zhao
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Collaborative Innovation Technology of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Medical Consortium of West Guangdong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dongdong Niu
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Enlin Ye
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiasheng Huang
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xuefei Hou
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Collaborative Innovation Technology of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Medical Consortium of West Guangdong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiayuan Wu
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Collaborative Innovation Technology of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Medical Consortium of West Guangdong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jiayuan Wu
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32
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Marongiu F, DeGregori J. The sculpting of somatic mutational landscapes by evolutionary forces and their impacts on aging-related disease. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3238-3258. [PMID: 35726685 PMCID: PMC9490148 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging represents the major risk factor for the development of cancer and many other diseases. Recent findings show that normal tissues become riddled with expanded clones that are frequently driven by cancer‐associated mutations in an aging‐dependent fashion. Additional studies show how aged tissue microenvironments promote the initiation and progression of malignancies, while young healthy tissues actively suppress the outgrowth of malignant clones. Here, we discuss conserved mechanisms that eliminate poorly functioning or potentially malignant cells from our tissues to maintain organismal health and fitness. Natural selection acts to preserve tissue function and prevent disease to maximize reproductive success but these mechanisms wane as reproduction becomes less likely. The ensuing age‐dependent tissue decline can impact the shape and direction of clonal somatic evolution, with lifestyle and exposures influencing its pace and intensity. We also consider how aging‐ and exposure‐dependent clonal expansions of “oncogenic” mutations might both increase cancer risk late in life and contribute to tissue decline and non‐malignant disease. Still, we can marvel at the ability of our bodies to avoid cancers and other diseases despite the accumulation of billions of cells with cancer‐associated mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Marongiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pathology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - James DeGregori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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33
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Zhang X, Sun W, Wu W, Chen M, Ji T, Xu H, Wang Y. Pin1-mediated regulation of articular cartilage stem/progenitor cell aging. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101765. [PMID: 35227974 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) was recently isolated and identified from the cartilage tissue. CSPCs is essential for repair and regeneration of cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA). Aging is a primary risk factor for cartilage damage and joint OA. Although studies have confirmed the link between cell aging and OA, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating CSPCs aging are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of Pin1 in the aging of rat knee joint CSPCs. We isolated CSPCs from rat knee joints and demonstrated that, in long-term in vitro culture, Pin1 protein levels are significantly reduced. At the same time, expression of the senescence-related β-galactosidase and the senescence marker p16INK4A were markedly elevated. In addition, Pin1 overexpression reversed the progression of cellular senescence, as evidenced by the down-regulation of senescence-related β-galactosidase, increased EdU positive cells and diminished levels of p16INK4A. In contrast, Pin1 siRNA incorporation promoted CSPCs senescence. In addition, we also observed the distribution of cell cycles through flow cytometry and revealed that Pin1 deficiency results in cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, suggesting severe lack of proliferation ability, a sign of cellular senescence. Collectively, these results validated that Pin1 is an essential regulator of CSPCs aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China; Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China; Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Weijie Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Minhao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Tianyi Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China; Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
| | - Youhua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
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Zorina A, Zorin V, Kudlay D, Kopnin P. Age-Related Changes in the Fibroblastic Differon of the Dermis: Role in Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116135. [PMID: 35682813 PMCID: PMC9181700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a multi-factorial process that affects nearly every aspect of skin biology and function. The processes developing in the skin during aging are based on fundamental molecular mechanisms associated with fibroblasts, the main cellular population of the dermis. It has been revealed that the amount of fibroblasts decreases markedly with age and their functional activity is also reduced. This inevitably leads to a decrease in the regenerative abilities of the skin and the progression of its aging. In this review we consider the mechanisms underlying these processes, mainly the changes observed with age in the stem/progenitor cells that constitute the fibroblastic differon of the dermis and form their microenvironment (niches). These changes lead to the depletion of stem cells, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the number of differentiated (mature) dermal fibroblasts responsible for the production of the dermal extracellular matrix and its remodeling. We also describe in detail DNA damages, their cellular and systemic consequences, molecular mechanisms of DNA damage response, and also the role of fibroblast senescence in skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Zorina
- Human Stem Cells Institute, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.Z.)
| | - Vadim Zorin
- Human Stem Cells Institute, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.Z.)
| | - Dmitry Kudlay
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Pavel Kopnin
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Oncology Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-49-9324-1739
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Ho WJ, Smith JNP, Park YS, Hadiono M, Christo K, Jogasuria A, Zhang Y, Broncano AV, Kasturi L, Dawson DM, Gerson SL, Markowitz SD, Desai AB. 15-PGDH regulates hematopoietic and gastrointestinal fitness during aging. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268787. [PMID: 35587945 PMCID: PMC9119474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates the eicosanoid molecule prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in conferring a regenerative phenotype to multiple organ systems following tissue injury. As aging is in part characterized by loss of tissue stem cells' regenerative capacity, we tested the hypothesis that the prostaglandin-degrading enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) contributes to the diminished organ fitness of aged mice. Here we demonstrate that genetic loss of 15-PGDH (Hpgd) confers a protective effect on aging of murine hematopoietic and gastrointestinal (GI) tissues. Aged mice lacking 15-PGDH display increased hematopoietic output as assessed by peripheral blood cell counts, bone marrow and splenic stem cell compartments, and accelerated post-transplantation recovery compared to their WT counterparts. Loss of Hpgd expression also resulted in enhanced GI fitness and reduced local inflammation in response to colitis. Together these results suggest that 15-PGDH negatively regulates aged tissue regeneration, and that 15-PGDH inhibition may be a viable therapeutic strategy to ameliorate age-associated loss of organ fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jin Ho
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Julianne N. P. Smith
- Department of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Matthew Hadiono
- Department of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Christo
- Department of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alvin Jogasuria
- Department of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yongyou Zhang
- Department of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alyssia V. Broncano
- Department of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lakshmi Kasturi
- Department of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dawn M. Dawson
- Department of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Stanton L. Gerson
- Department of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sanford D. Markowitz
- Department of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amar B. Desai
- Department of Medicine, and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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Abdi S, Javanmehr N, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Bali HY, Pirzadeh M. Stem Cell-based Therapeutic and Diagnostic Approaches in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1093-1115. [PMID: 34970956 PMCID: PMC9886816 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666211231090659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative impairment mainly recognized by memory loss and cognitive deficits. However, the current therapies against AD are mostly limited to palliative medications, prompting researchers to investigate more efficient therapeutic approaches for AD, such as stem cell therapy. Recent evidence has proposed that extensive neuronal and synaptic loss and altered adult neurogenesis, which is perceived pivotal in terms of plasticity and network maintenance, occurs early in the course of AD, which exacerbates neuronal vulnerability to AD. Thus, regeneration and replenishing the depleted neuronal networks by strengthening the endogenous repair mechanisms or exogenous stem cells and their cargoes is a rational therapeutic approach. Currently, several stem cell-based therapies as well as stem cell products like exosomes, have shown promising results in the early diagnosis of AD. OBJECTIVE This review begins with a comparison between AD and normal aging pathophysiology and a discussion on open questions in the field. Next, summarizing the current stem cell-based therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, we declare the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Also, we comprehensively evaluate the human clinical trials of stem cell therapies for AD. METHODOLOGY Peer-reviewed reports were extracted through Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar until 2021. RESULTS With several ongoing clinical trials, stem cells and their derivatives (e.g., exosomes) are an emerging and encouraging field in diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative diseases. Although stem cell therapies have been successful in animal models, numerous clinical trials in AD patients have yielded unpromising results, which we will further discuss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Abdi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nima Javanmehr
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran;,Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Address correspondence to this author at the Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 4136747176, Babol, Iran; Tel/Fax: +98-11-32190557; E-mail:
| | | | - Marzieh Pirzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Marino F, Scalise M, Salerno N, Salerno L, Molinaro C, Cappetta D, Torella M, Greco M, Foti D, Sasso FC, Mastroroberto P, De Angelis A, Ellison-Hughes GM, Sampaolesi M, Rota M, Rossi F, Urbanek K, Nadal-Ginard B, Torella D, Cianflone E. Diabetes-Induced Cellular Senescence and Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype Impair Cardiac Regeneration and Function Independently of Age. Diabetes 2022; 71:1081-1098. [PMID: 35108360 PMCID: PMC9490451 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects the biology of multipotent cardiac stem/progenitor cells (CSCs) and adult myocardial regeneration. We assessed the hypothesis that senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) are main mechanisms of cardiac degenerative defect in DM. Accordingly, we tested whether ablation of senescent CSCs would rescue the cardiac regenerative/reparative defect imposed by DM. We obtained cardiac tissue from nonaged (50- to 64-year-old) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and without DM (NDM) and postinfarct cardiomyopathy undergoing cardiac surgery. A higher reactive oxygen species production in T2DM was associated with an increased number of senescent/dysfunctional T2DM-human CSCs (hCSCs) with reduced proliferation, clonogenesis/spherogenesis, and myogenic differentiation versus NDM-hCSCs in vitro. T2DM-hCSCs showed a defined pathologic SASP. A combination of two senolytics, dasatinib (D) and quercetin (Q), cleared senescent T2DM-hCSCs in vitro, restoring their expansion and myogenic differentiation capacities. In a T2DM model in young mice, diabetic status per se (independently of ischemia and age) caused CSC senescence coupled with myocardial pathologic remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. D + Q treatment efficiently eliminated senescent cells, rescuing CSC function, which resulted in functional myocardial repair/regeneration, improving cardiac function in murine DM. In conclusion, DM hampers CSC biology, inhibiting CSCs' regenerative potential through the induction of cellular senescence and SASP independently from aging. Senolytics clear senescence, abrogating the SASP and restoring a fully proliferative/differentiation-competent hCSC pool in T2DM with normalization of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Marino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nadia Salerno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Salerno
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Molinaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Donato Cappetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Greco
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Foti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ferdinando C. Sasso
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mastroroberto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy
| | - Georgina M. Ellison-Hughes
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences and Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, U.K
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcello Rota
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Francesco Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy
| | - Konrad Urbanek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bernardo Nadal-Ginard
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
- Corresponding authors: Daniele Torella, , and Eleonora Cianflone,
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
- Corresponding authors: Daniele Torella, , and Eleonora Cianflone,
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Jazbec K, Jež M, Švajger U, Smrekar B, Miceska S, Rajčevič U, Justin M, Završnik J, Malovrh T, Švara T, Gombač M, Ramšak Ž, Rožman P. The Influence of Heterochronic Non-Myeloablative Bone Marrow Transplantation on the Immune System, Frailty, General Health, and Longevity of Aged Murine Recipients. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040595. [PMID: 35454183 PMCID: PMC9028083 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem cell theory of aging postulates that stem cells become inefficient at maintaining the original functions of the tissues. We, therefore, hypothesized that transplanting young bone marrow (BM) to old recipients would lead to rejuvenating effects on immunity, followed by improved general health, decreased frailty, and possibly life span extension. We developed a murine model of non-myeloablative heterochronic BM transplantation in which old female BALB/c mice at 14, 16, and 18(19) months of age received altogether 125.1 ± 15.6 million nucleated BM cells from young male donors aged 7–13 weeks. At 21 months, donor chimerism was determined, and the immune system’s innate and adaptive arms were analyzed. Mice were then observed for general health and frailty until spontaneous death, when their lifespan, post-mortem examinations, and histopathological changes were recorded. The results showed that the old mice developed on average 18.7 ± 9.6% donor chimerism in the BM and showed certain improvements in their innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, such as favorable counts of neutrophils in the spleen and BM, central memory Th cells, effector/effector memory Th and Tc cells in the spleen, and B1a and B1b cells in the peritoneal cavity. Borderline enhanced lymphocyte proliferation capacity was also seen. The frailty parameters, pathomorphological results, and life spans did not differ significantly in the transplanted vs. control group of mice. In conclusion, although several favorable effects are obtained in our heterochronic non-myeloablative transplantation model, additional optimization is needed for better rejuvenation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Jazbec
- Diagnostic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (U.Š.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (U.R.); (M.J.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mojca Jež
- Diagnostic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (U.Š.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (U.R.); (M.J.); (P.R.)
| | - Urban Švajger
- Diagnostic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (U.Š.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (U.R.); (M.J.); (P.R.)
- Chair of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Smrekar
- Diagnostic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (U.Š.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (U.R.); (M.J.); (P.R.)
| | - Simona Miceska
- Diagnostic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (U.Š.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (U.R.); (M.J.); (P.R.)
| | - Uroš Rajčevič
- Diagnostic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (U.Š.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (U.R.); (M.J.); (P.R.)
| | - Mojca Justin
- Diagnostic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (U.Š.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (U.R.); (M.J.); (P.R.)
| | - Janja Završnik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Tadej Malovrh
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Tanja Švara
- Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.Š.); (M.G.)
| | - Mitja Gombač
- Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.Š.); (M.G.)
| | - Živa Ramšak
- National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Primož Rožman
- Diagnostic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (U.Š.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (U.R.); (M.J.); (P.R.)
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Montano M, Oursler KK, Xu K, Sun YV, Marconi VC. Biological ageing with HIV infection: evaluating the geroscience hypothesis. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2022; 3:e194-e205. [PMID: 36092375 PMCID: PMC9454292 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(21)00278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although people with HIV are living longer, as they age they remain disproportionately burdened with multimorbidity that is exacerbated in resource-poor settings. The geroscience hypothesis postulates that a discrete set of between five and ten hallmarks of biological ageing drive multimorbidity, but these processes have not been systematically examined in the context of people with HIV. We examine four major hallmarks of ageing (macromolecular damage, senescence, inflammation, and stem-cell dysfunction) as gerodrivers in the context of people with HIV. As a counterbalance, we introduce healthy ageing, physiological reserve, intrinsic capacity, and resilience as promoters of geroprotection that counteract gerodrivers. We discuss emerging geroscience-based diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies, and provide examples based on recent advances in cellular senescence, and other, non-pharmacological approaches. Finally, we present a conceptual model of biological ageing in the general population and in people with HIV that integrates gerodrivers and geroprotectors as modulators of homoeostatic reserves and organ function over the lifecourse.
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40
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Bonora BM, Palano MT, Testa G, Fadini GP, Sangalli E, Madotto F, Persico G, Casciaro F, Vono R, Colpani O, Scavello F, Cappellari R, Abete P, Orlando P, Carnelli F, Berardi AG, De Servi S, Raucci A, Giorgio M, Madeddu P, Spinetti G. Hematopoietic progenitor cell liabilities and alarmins S100A8/A9-related inflammaging associate with frailty and predict poor cardiovascular outcomes in older adults. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13545. [PMID: 35166014 PMCID: PMC8920446 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty affects the physical, cognitive, and social domains exposing older adults to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. The mechanisms linking frailty and cardiovascular outcomes are mostly unknown. Here, we studied the association of abundance (flow cytometry) and gene expression profile (RNAseq) of stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and molecular markers of inflammaging (ELISA) with the cardiorespiratory phenotype and prospective adverse events of individuals classified according to levels of frailty. Two cohorts of older adults were enrolled in the study. In a cohort of pre-frail 35 individuals (average age: 75 years), a physical frailty score above the median identified subjects with initial alterations in cardiorespiratory function. RNA sequencing revealed S100A8/A9 upregulation in HSPCs from the bone marrow (>10-fold) and peripheral blood (>200-fold) of individuals with greater physical frailty. Moreover higher frailty was associated with increased alarmins S100A8/A9 and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood. We then studied a cohort of 104 more frail individuals (average age: 81 years) with multidomain health deficits. Reduced levels of circulating HSPCs and increased S100A8/A9 concentrations were independently associated with the frailty index. Remarkably, low HSPCs and high S100A8/A9 simultaneously predicted major adverse cardiovascular events at 1-year follow-up after adjustment for age and frailty index. In conclusion, inflammaging characterized by alarmin and pro-inflammatory cytokines in pre-frail individuals is mirrored by the pauperization of HSPCs in frail older people with comorbidities. S100A8/A9 is upregulated within HSPCs, identifying a phenotype that associates with poor cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gianluca Testa
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio” University of Molise Campobasso Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Scavello
- Unit of Experimental Cardio‐Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging Centro Cardiologico Monzino‐IRCCS Milan Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Abete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Angela Raucci
- Unit of Experimental Cardio‐Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging Centro Cardiologico Monzino‐IRCCS Milan Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) Milan Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padua Italy
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
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Impaired differentiation of small airway basal stem/progenitor cells in people living with HIV. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2966. [PMID: 35194053 PMCID: PMC8864005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), higher incidence of airway abnormalities is common in the HIV population consistent with the concept of accelerated lung "aging". Our previous findings demonstrated that HIV induces human airway basal cells (BC) into destructive and inflammatory phenotypes. Since BC function as stem/progenitor cells of the small airway epithelium (SAE), responsible for self-renewal and differentiation of SAE, we hypothesized that BC from people living with HIV (PLWH) may have altered differentiation capacity that contribute to premature aging. The data demonstrates that BC from PLWH have impaired capacity to differentiate in vitro and senescent phenotypes including shortened telomeres, increased expression of β-galactosidase and cell cycle inhibitors, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In vitro studies demonstrated that BC senescence is partly due to adverse effects of HAART on BC. These findings provide an explanation for higher incidence of airway dysfunction and accelerated lung aging observed in PLWH.
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42
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Sun Y, Li J, Xie X, Gu F, Sui Z, Zhang K, Yu T. Recent Advances in Osteoclast Biological Behavior. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:788680. [PMID: 34957116 PMCID: PMC8694526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.788680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the progress of the aging population, bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis have become urgent problems. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of osteoclasts in bone homeostasis, implying these will be an important mediator in the treatment of bone-related diseases. Up to now, several reviews have been performed on part of osteoclast biological behaviors such as differentiation, function, or apoptosis. However, few reviews have shown the complete osteoclast biology and research advances in recent years. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the origin, differentiation, apoptosis, behavior changes and coupling signals with osteoblasts, providing a simple but comprehensive overview of osteoclasts for subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiangbi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenjiang Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Kato T, Liu N, Morinaga H, Asakawa K, Muraguchi T, Muroyama Y, Shimokawa M, Matsumura H, Nishimori Y, Tan LJ, Hayano M, Sinclair DA, Mohri Y, Nishimura EK. Dynamic stem cell selection safeguards the genomic integrity of the epidermis. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3309-3320.e5. [PMID: 34932948 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining genomic integrity and stability is crucial for life; yet, no tissue-driven mechanism that robustly safeguards the epithelial genome has been discovered. Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) continuously replenish the stratified layers of keratinocytes that protect organisms against various environmental stresses. To study the dynamics of DNA-damaged cells in tissues, we devised an in vivo fate tracing system for EpiSCs with DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and demonstrated that those cells exit from their niches. The clearance of EpiSCs with DSBs is caused by selective differentiation and delamination through the DNA damage response (DDR)-p53-Notch/p21 axis, with the downregulation of ITGB1. Moreover, concomitant enhancement of symmetric cell divisions of surrounding stem cells indicates that the selective elimination of cells with DSBs is coupled with the augmented clonal expansion of intact stem cells. These data collectively demonstrate that tissue autonomy through the dynamic coupling of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms coordinately maintains the genomic quality of the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kato
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hironobu Morinaga
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Asakawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Taichi Muraguchi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuko Muroyama
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mariko Shimokawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsumura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuriko Nishimori
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Li Jing Tan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Motoshi Hayano
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratory for Ageing Research, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yasuaki Mohri
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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44
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Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cells that are a part of many biological and pathological processes, especially in intercellular communication. These vesicles are involved cell signaling, influence tissue and immune response, and serve as biomarkers for diseases. Most interesting are the exosomes that are released from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for inflammation in joint diseases. Preliminary studies have demonstrated the advantages of using EVs rather than MSCs for cell free therapy. Research on exosomes have shown promising results as biomarkers for tracking the pathogenesis and prognosis of inflammatory arthritis. Therapeutically, animal studies have demonstrated immunosuppression, reversing inflammation, increasing chondrocyte proliferation, and drug delivery properties. The field of exosomes continues to develop and more basic science and clinical studies with safety and efficacy studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C. Thomas Vangsness
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,C. Thomas Vangsness Jr., Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,
1520 San Pablo Street 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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45
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Hu X, Ono M, Chimge NO, Chosa K, Nguyen C, Melendez E, Lou CH, Lim P, Termini J, Lai KKY, Fueger PT, Teo JL, Higuchi Y, Kahn M. Differential Kat3 Usage Orchestrates the Integration of Cellular Metabolism with Differentiation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235884. [PMID: 34884992 PMCID: PMC8656857 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The coupling of metabolism with cellular status is critically important and highly evolutionarily conserved. However, how cells coordinate metabolism with transcription as they change their status is not clear. Utilizing multiomic and functional studies, we now demonstrate the dichotomous roles of the Kat3 coactivators CBP and p300 and, in particular, their extreme N-termini, in coordinating cellular metabolism with cell differentiation. Using multiple in vitro and in vivo systems, our study sheds new light on metabolic regulation in homeostasis and disease, including cancer. Abstract The integration of cellular status with metabolism is critically important and the coupling of energy production and cellular function is highly evolutionarily conserved. This has been demonstrated in stem cell biology, organismal, cellular and tissue differentiation and in immune cell biology. However, a molecular mechanism delineating how cells coordinate and couple metabolism with transcription as they navigate quiescence, growth, proliferation, differentiation and migration remains in its infancy. The extreme N-termini of the Kat3 coactivator family members, CBP and p300, by far the least homologous regions with only 66% identity, interact with members of the nuclear receptor family, interferon activated Stat1 and transcriptionally competent β-catenin, a critical component of the Wnt signaling pathway. We now wish to report based on multiomic and functional investigations, utilizing p300 knockdown, N-terminal p300 edited and p300 S89A edited cell lines and p300 S89A knockin mice, that the N-termini of the Kat3 coactivators provide a highly evolutionarily conserved hub to integrate multiple signaling cascades to coordinate cellular metabolism with the regulation of cellular status and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Masaya Ono
- Department of Clinical Proteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Nyam-Osor Chimge
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Keisuke Chosa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Cu Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Elizabeth Melendez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Chih-Hong Lou
- Gene Editing and Viral Vector Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Punnajit Lim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - John Termini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Keane K. Y. Lai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Patrick T. Fueger
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jia-Ling Teo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yusuke Higuchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (N.-O.C.); (K.C.); (C.N.); (E.M.); (P.L.); (J.T.); (K.K.Y.L.); (J.-L.T.); (Y.H.)
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- Correspondence:
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46
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Wolf AM. The tumor suppression theory of aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111583. [PMID: 34637937 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite continued increases in human life expectancy, the factors determining the rate of human biological aging remain unknown. Without understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying aging, efforts to prevent aging are unlikely to succeed. The tumor suppression theory of aging introduced here proposes somatic mutation as the proximal cause of aging, but postulates that oncogenic transformation and clonal expansion, not functional impairment, are the relevant consequences of somatic mutation. Obesity and caloric restriction accelerate and decelerate aging due to their effect on cell proliferation, during which most mutations arise. Most phenotypes of aging are merely tumor-suppressive mechanisms that evolved to limit malignant growth, the dominant age-related cause of death in early and middle life. Cancer limits life span for most long-lived mammals, a phenomenon known as Peto's paradox. Its conservation across species demonstrates that mutation is a fundamental but hard limit on mammalian longevity. Cell senescence and apoptosis and differentiation induced by oncogenes, telomere shortening or DNA damage evolved as a second line of defense to limit the tumorigenic potential of clonally expanding cells, but accumulating senescent cells, senescence-associated secretory phenotypes and stem cell exhaustion eventually cause tissue dysfunction and the majority, if not most, phenotypes of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Wolf
- Laboratory for Morphological and Biomolecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi 1-1-5, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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47
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Increasing cytosolic Ca 2+ levels restore cell proliferation and stem cell potency in aged MSCs. Stem Cell Res 2021; 56:102560. [PMID: 34624617 PMCID: PMC8596392 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inescapable complex physiological but extendable process, and all cells, including stem cells, are altered over time. Diverse mechanism(s) could modulate stem cell number, their proliferation rate, and promote tissue repair during aging that leads to longevity. However, the factors that could restore aging stem cell potency and would lead to healthy aging are not fully identified. Here we show that maintaining cytosolic Ca2+ levels was essential for modulating stem cells function in aged mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Increasing external Ca2+ induced spindle shape stem cell morphology and maintained stem cell surface marker expression in aged bone marrow-derived MSCs. Similarly, stem cell survival and proliferation of aged MSCs was dependent on cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Importantly, Ca2+ entry potentiated cell cycle progression, and stem cell potential was increased in cells incubated with higher external Ca2+. Moreover, blocking Ca2+ entry using SKF 96365, decreased stem cell survival and its proliferation but, treatment with 2-APB did not significantly affected cell proliferation, rather only modulated cell viability. Evaluation of Ca2+ entry channels, showed that TRPC1/Orai1/Orai3 and their regulator STIM1 was essential for MSCs proliferation/viability as gene silencing of Orai1/Orai3/TRPC1/STIM1 significantly inhibited stem cell viability. Finally, MSCs isolated from aged mice that were subjected to higher Ca2+ levels, were able to rescue age-induced loss of MSCs function. Together these results suggest that Ca2+ entry is essential for preventing the loss of aged stem cell function and supplementing Ca2+ not only restored their proliferative potential but, allowed them to develop into younger stem cell lineages that could be critical for regenerative medicine.
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48
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Baima G, Romandini M, Citterio F, Romano F, Aimetti M. Periodontitis and Accelerated Biological Aging: A Geroscience Approach. J Dent Res 2021; 101:125-132. [PMID: 34609209 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211037977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As the whole world is epidemically aging, the burden of periodontitis and tooth loss is becoming a major health concern. Growing meta-epidemiological data implicate chronic systemic inflammation/infection due to periodontitis as an independent risk factor for aging-related diseases and mortality. However, because people age differently, chronological age is not a reliable marker of an individual's functional status. Recent advances in geroscience have shown that various biomarker signatures of biological aging are longitudinally associated with declined physical function, morbidity, and mortality due to major age-related diseases, including periodontitis. Here, we emphasize novel research developments bidirectionally linking periodontitis to accelerated biological aging. Using a composite biomarker age estimator, a striking increase in periodontitis and tooth loss was observed in subjects whose biological age at baseline was higher than their chronological age. Moreover, significantly shortened telomeres were encountered in populations affected by severe periodontitis. Second, we elucidate the cellular and molecular pillars of the aging process at the periodontal level. Accumulating evidence suggests that cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and immunoaging are hallmarks of biological aging implicated in the impairment of periodontal homeostasis and the pathophysiology of periodontitis. Indeed, persistent bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide stimulation influences cellular senescence in osteocytes, driving alveolar bone resorption. Moreover, inflammaging status induced by chronic hyperglycemia elevates the burden of senescent cells in gingival tissues, impairing their barrier function. Lastly, we reviewed a recent breakthrough in senotherapy to directly target the mechanisms of aging at the periodontal level. Physical exercise and intermittent fasting, together with natural compounds, senolytic drugs, and cell therapy, are increasingly being evaluated to rejuvenate the oral cavity. Following these innovations in geroscience, further advancements could provide oral clinicians the chance to intercept biological aging when still "subclinical" and set interventions for halting or delaying the trajectory toward aging-related diseases while patients are still chronologically young.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Romandini
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Citterio
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - F Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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49
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Zhang C, Wang D, Wang J, Wang L, Qiu W, Kume T, Dowell R, Yi R. Escape of hair follicle stem cells causes stem cell exhaustion during aging. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:889-903. [PMID: 37118327 PMCID: PMC11323283 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell (SC) exhaustion is a hallmark of aging. However, the process of SC depletion during aging has not been observed in live animals, and the underlying mechanism contributing to tissue deterioration remains obscure. We find that, in aged mice, epithelial cells escape from the hair follicle (HF) SC compartment to the dermis, contributing to HF miniaturization. Single-cell RNA-seq and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) reveal reduced expression of cell adhesion and extracellular matrix genes in aged HF-SCs, many of which are regulated by Foxc1 and Nfatc1. Deletion of Foxc1 and Nfatc1 recapitulates HF miniaturization and causes hair loss. Live imaging captures individual epithelial cells migrating away from the SC compartment and HF disintegration. This study illuminates a hitherto unknown activity of epithelial cells escaping from their niche as a mechanism underlying SC reduction and tissue degeneration. Identification of homeless epithelial cells in aged tissues provides a new perspective for understanding aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Pathology, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Pathology, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Pathology, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Li Wang
- 10x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Wenli Qiu
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robin Dowell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Rui Yi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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50
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Zhang DY, Monteiro MJ, Liu JP, Gu WY. Mechanisms of cancer stem cell senescence: Current understanding and future perspectives. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1185-1202. [PMID: 34046925 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of heterogeneous tumor cells with the capacity of self-renewal and aberrant differentiation for immortality and divergent lineages of cancer cells. In contrast to bulky tumor cells, CSCs remain less differentiated and resistant to therapy even when targeted with tissue-specific antigenic markers. This makes CSCs responsible for not only tumor initiation, development, but also tumor recurrence. Emerging evidence suggests that CSCs can undergo cell senescence, a non-proliferative state of cells in response to stress. While cell senescence attenuates tumor cell proliferation, it is commonly regarded as a tumor suppressive mechanism. However, mounting research indicates that CSC senescence also provides these cells with the capacity to evade cytotoxic effects from cancer therapy, exacerbating cancer relapse and metastasis. Recent studies demonstrate that senescence drives reprogramming of cancer cell toward stemness and promotes CSC generation. In this review, we highlight the origin, heterogeneity and senescence regulatory mechanisms of CSCs, the complex relationship between CSC senescence and tumor therapy, and the recent beneficial effects of senotherapy on eliminating senescent tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael J Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Prahran, Vic, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Wen-Yi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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