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Kearns R. Gut-Brain Axis and Neuroinflammation: The Role of Gut Permeability and the Kynurenine Pathway in Neurological Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:64. [PMID: 39377830 PMCID: PMC11461658 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis presents a significant global health challenge. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms underlying these conditions remain elusive, with current treatments primarily addressing symptoms rather than root causes. Emerging evidence suggests that gut permeability and the kynurenine pathway are involved in the pathogenesis of these neurological conditions, offering promising targets for novel therapeutic and preventive strategies. Gut permeability refers to the intestinal lining's ability to selectively allow essential nutrients into the bloodstream while blocking harmful substances. Various factors, including poor diet, stress, infections, and genetic predispositions, can compromise gut integrity, leading to increased permeability. This condition facilitates the translocation of toxins and bacteria into systemic circulation, triggering widespread inflammation that impacts neurological health via the gut-brain axis. The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a complex communication network between the gut and the central nervous system. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbiota, can increase gut permeability and systemic inflammation, exacerbating neuroinflammation-a key factor in neurological disorders. The kynurenine pathway, the primary route for tryptophan metabolism, is significantly implicated in this process. Dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway in the context of inflammation leads to the production of neurotoxic metabolites, such as quinolinic acid, which contribute to neuronal damage and the progression of neurological disorders. This narrative review highlights the potential and progress in understanding these mechanisms. Interventions targeting the kynurenine pathway and maintaining a balanced gut microbiota through diet, probiotics, and lifestyle modifications show promise in reducing neuroinflammation and supporting brain health. In addition, pharmacological approaches aimed at modulating the kynurenine pathway directly, such as inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, offer potential avenues for new treatments. Understanding and targeting these interconnected pathways are crucial for developing effective strategies to prevent and manage neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan Kearns
- Ulster University, Life and Health Sciences, Belfast, UK.
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2
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Yang J, Qu H, Liu Q, Wang Y, Cao J, Jiang F, Wang Q, Shu J. Global Insights and Key Trends in Gut Microbiota Research for Premature Infants: A Bibliometric and Visualization Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:4611-4626. [PMID: 39381419 PMCID: PMC11460277 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s483332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Premature infants, defined as those born before 37 weeks of gestation, face numerous health challenges due to their underdeveloped systems. One critical aspect of their health is the gut microbiota, which plays a vital role in their immune function and overall development. This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research trends, influential contributors, and evolving themes in the study of gut microbiota in premature infants over the past two decades. Methods We conducted a bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science Core Collection database, covering publications from January 1, 2004, to June 17, 2024. We employed VOSviewer, the R package "bibliometrix", and Citespace for data visualization and analysis, focusing on co-authorship, co-citation, and keyword co-occurrence networks. Results The temporal analysis revealed a significant increase in research output on gut microbiota in premature infants, particularly in the last decade. Early research primarily focused on characterizing the gut microbiota of premature infants, identifying less diversity and a higher prevalence of pathogenic bacteria compared to full-term infants. Key research themes identified include probiotics, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and breastfeeding. Probiotic studies highlighted the potential of strains like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in reducing NEC and sepsis incidences. Breastfeeding research consistently showed the benefits of human milk in fostering a healthier gut microbiota profile. Co-authorship and co-citation analyses identified key contributors and influential studies, emphasizing strong international collaborations, particularly among researchers from the United States, China, and European countries. Conclusion This bibliometric analysis underscores the growing recognition of the gut microbiota's crucial role in the health of premature infants. The field has seen significant advancements, particularly in understanding how interventions like probiotics and breastfeeding can modulate gut microbiota to improve health outcomes. Continued research and international collaboration are essential to further unravel the complexities of gut microbiota in premature infants and develop effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanzhi Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanxia Qu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhenjiang First People’s Hospital, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Hutkins R, Walter J, Gibson GR, Bedu-Ferrari C, Scott K, Tancredi DJ, Wijeyesekera A, Sanders ME. Classifying compounds as prebiotics - scientific perspectives and recommendations. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:10.1038/s41575-024-00981-6. [PMID: 39358591 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Microbiomes provide key contributions to health and potentially important therapeutic targets. Conceived nearly 30 years ago, the prebiotic concept posits that targeted modulation of host microbial communities through the provision of selectively utilized growth substrates provides an effective approach to improving health. Although the basic tenets of this concept remain the same, it is timely to address certain challenges pertaining to prebiotics, including establishing that prebiotic-induced microbiota modulation causes the health outcome, determining which members within a complex microbial community directly utilize specific substrates in vivo and when those microbial effects sufficiently satisfy selectivity requirements, and clarification of the scientific principles on which the term 'prebiotic' is predicated to inspire proper use. In this Expert Recommendation, we provide a framework for the classification of compounds as prebiotics. We discuss ecological principles by which substrates modulate microbiomes and methodologies useful for characterizing such changes. We then propose statistical approaches that can be used to establish causal links between selective effects on the microbiome and health effects on the host, which can help address existing challenges. We use this information to provide the minimum criteria needed to classify compounds as prebiotics. Furthermore, communications to consumers and regulatory approaches to prebiotics worldwide are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Glenn R Gibson
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Karen Scott
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Daniel J Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Mary Ellen Sanders
- International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO, USA.
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4
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Gordon JI, Barratt MJ, Hibberd MC, Rahman M, Ahmed T. Establishing human microbial observatory programs in low- and middle-income countries. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1540:13-20. [PMID: 39298326 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Studies of the human microbiome are progressing rapidly but have largely focused on populations living in high-income countries. With increasing evidence that the microbiome contributes to the pathogenesis of diseases that affect infants, children, and adults in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and with profound and rapid ongoing changes occurring in our lifestyles and biosphere, understanding the origins of and developing microbiome-directed therapeutics for treating a number of global health challenges requires the development of programs for studying human microbial ecology in LMICs. Here, we discuss how the establishment of long-term human microbial observatory programs in selected LMICs could provide one timely approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I Gordon
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- The Newman Center for Human Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael J Barratt
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- The Newman Center for Human Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew C Hibberd
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- The Newman Center for Human Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mustafizur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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5
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Van Rossum T, Haiß A, Knoll RL, Marißen J, Podlesny D, Pagel J, Bleskina M, Vens M, Fortmann I, Siller B, Ricklefs I, Klopp J, Hilbert K, Meyer C, Thielemann R, Goedicke-Fritz S, Kuntz M, Wieg C, Teig N, Körner T, Kribs A, Hudalla H, Knuf M, Stein A, Gille C, Bagci S, Dohle F, Proquitté H, Olbertz DM, Schmidt E, Koch L, Pirr S, Rupp J, Spiegler J, Kopp MV, Göpel W, Herting E, Forslund SK, Viemann D, Zemlin M, Bork P, Gehring S, König IR, Henneke P, Härtel C. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Probiotics and Gut Dysbiosis in Preterm Infants: The PRIMAL Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:985-995. [PMID: 39102225 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.2626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Importance The effects of probiotic interventions on colonization with resistant bacteria and early microbiome development in preterm infants remain to be clarified. Objective To examine the efficacy of Bifidobacterium longum subsp infantis, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis (BB-12), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5) probiotics to prevent colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms or highly epidemic bacteria (MDRO+) and to shape the microbiome of preterm infants toward the eubiotic state of healthy full-term infants. Design, Setting, and Participants The multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, group sequential, phase 3 Priming Immunity at the Beginning of Life (PRIMAL) randomized clinical trial, conducted from April 2018 to June 2020, included infants with gestational age of 28 to 32 weeks at 18 German neonatal units. Data analyses were conducted from March 2020 to August 2023. Intervention A total of 28 days of multistrain probiotics diluted in human milk/formula starting within the first 72 hours of life. Main Outcomes and Measures Colonization with MDRO+ at day 30 of life (primary end point), late-onset sepsis and severe gastrointestinal complication (safety end points), and gut dysbiosis, ie, deviations from the microbiome of healthy, term infants (eubiosis score) based on 16-subunit ribosomal RNA and metagenomic sequencing. Results Among the 643 infants randomized until the stop of recruitment based on interim results, 618 (median [IQR] gestational age, 31.0 [29.7-32.1] weeks; 333 male [53.9%]; mean [SD] birth weight, 1502 [369] g) had follow-up at day 30. The interim analysis with all available data from 219 infants revealed MDRO+ colonization in 43 of 115 infants (37.4%) in the probiotics group and in 39 of 104 infants (37.5%) in the control group (adjusted risk ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.54-1.81; P = .97). Safety outcomes were similar in both groups, ie, late-onset sepsis (probiotics group: 8 of 316 infants [2.5%]; control group: 12 of 322 infants [3.7%]) and severe gastrointestinal complications (probiotics group: 6 of 316 infants [1.9%]; control group: 7 of 322 infants [2.2%]). The probiotics group had higher eubiosis scores than the control group at the genus level (254 vs 258 infants; median scores, 0.47 vs 0.41; odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.13) and species level (96 vs 83 infants; median scores, 0.87 vs 0.59; OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.19-1.38). Environmental uptake of the B infantis probiotic strain in the control group was common (41 of 84 [49%]), which was highly variable across sites and particularly occurred in infants with a sibling who was treated with probiotics. Conclusions and Relevance Multistrain probiotics did not reduce the incidence of MDRO+ colonization at day 30 of life in preterm infants but modulated their microbiome toward eubiosis. Trial Registration German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00013197.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annette Haiß
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Knoll
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina Marißen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Julia Pagel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Marina Bleskina
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maren Vens
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ingmar Fortmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bastian Siller
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isabell Ricklefs
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jonas Klopp
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Hilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudius Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Kuntz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wieg
- Children's Hospital Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Teig
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Angela Kribs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannes Hudalla
- Department of Neonatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Knuf
- Children's Hospital Horst-Schmidt-Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Children's Hospital Worms, Worms, Germany
| | - Anja Stein
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Gille
- Department of Neonatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Soyhan Bagci
- Department of Neonatology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Dohle
- Children's Hospital Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Hans Proquitté
- Department of Neonatology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk M Olbertz
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Rostock Südstadt, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Lutz Koch
- Children's Hospital Hamburg Wilhelmstift and Marien-Hospital Hamburg, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Pirr
- Department of Neonatology, Allergology and Pediatric Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center of Infectious Diseases Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Spiegler
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias V Kopp
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Göpel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Egbert Herting
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Viemann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, Allergology and Pediatric Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Homburg, Germany
- Center for Genderspecific Biology and Medicine, Saarland University Homburg, Homburg, Germany
- Center vor Digital Neurotechnologies Saar, Saarland University Homburg, Homburg, Germany
| | - Peer Bork
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Gehring
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Inke R König
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Control, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Härtel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- German Center of Infectious Diseases Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Hickman B, Salonen A, Ponsero AJ, Jokela R, Kolho KL, de Vos WM, Korpela K. Gut microbiota wellbeing index predicts overall health in a cohort of 1000 infants. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8323. [PMID: 39333099 PMCID: PMC11436675 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is central in regulating all facets of host physiology, and in early life it is thought to influence the host's immune system and metabolism, affecting long-term health. However, longitudinally monitored cohorts with parallel analysis of faecal samples and health data are scarce. In our observational study we describe the gut microbiota development in the first 2 years of life and create a gut microbiota wellbeing index based on the microbiota development and health data in a cohort of nearly 1000 infants using clustering and trajectory modelling. We show that infants' gut microbiota development is highly predictable, following one of five trajectories, dependent on infant exposures, and predictive of later health outcomes. We characterise the natural healthy gut microbiota trajectory and several different dysbiotic trajectories associated with different health outcomes. Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides appear as early keystone organisms, directing microbiota development and consistently predicting positive health outcomes. A microbiota wellbeing index, based on the healthy development trajectory, is predictive of general health over the first 5 years. The results indicate that gut microbiota succession is part of infant physiological development, predictable, and malleable. This information can be utilised to improve the predictions of individual health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Hickman
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alise J Ponsero
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roosa Jokela
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Stenbäckinkatu 11, FI-00029, HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katri Korpela
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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7
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Zhao J, Guo Y, Jiang Q, Lan H, Hung WL, Lynch B. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis YLGB-1496-Toxicological evaluation. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 39252460 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium infantis YLGB-1496, originally isolated from breast milk from a Taiwanese mother, is under study for use as a probiotic. As part of safety assessment, an Ames, in vivo mouse micronucleus, and in vivo mouse spermatocyte chromosome aberration assay were conducted along with a 13-week oral rat toxicity study. B. infantis YLGB-1496 had no activity in any of the genotoxicity assays. Administration of the bacteria to Sprague-Dawley rats at doses ranging from 0 to 1.5 g/kg bw/day had no treatment-related effects on any of the endpoints measured. There appear to be no concerns for translocation or pathogenicity of B. infantis YLGB-1496 based on extensive experience with the species in general. The results of the current investigations support potential use of B. infantis YLGB-1496 as a probiotic in infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyi Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Jiang
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, China
| | - Hanglian Lan
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei-Lian Hung
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, China
| | - Barry Lynch
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada
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8
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Tae IH, Lee J, Kang Y, Lee JM, Park K, Yang H, Kim HW, Ko JH, Park DS, Kim DS, Son MY, Cho HS. Induction of Cell Death by Bifidobacterium infantis DS1685 in Colorectal and Breast Cancers via SMAD4/TGF-Beta Activation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1698-1704. [PMID: 39113194 PMCID: PMC11380517 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2404.04055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic advancements in treatments for cancer, a leading cause of mortality worldwide, have lagged behind the increasing incidence of this disease. There is a growing interest in multifaceted approaches for cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, but due to their low efficacy and severe side effects, there is a need for the development of new cancer therapies. Recently, the human microbiome, which is comprised of various microorganisms, has emerged as an important research field due to its potential impact on cancer treatment. Among these microorganisms, Bifidobacterium infantis has been shown to significantly improve the efficacy of various anticancer drugs. However, research on the role of B. infantis in cancer treatment remains insufficient. Thus, in this study, we explored the anticancer effect of treatment with B. infantis DS1685 supernatant (BI sup) in colorectal and breast cancer cell lines. Treatment with BI sup induced SMAD4 expression to suppress cell growth in colon and breast cancer cells. Furthermore, a decrease in tumor cohesion was observed through the disruption of the regulation of EMT-related genes by BI sup in 3D spheroid models. Based on these findings, we anticipate that BI sup could play an adjunctive role in cancer therapy, and future cotreatment of BI sup with various anticancer drugs may lead to synergistic effects in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hwan Tae
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkwon Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34316, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsang Kang
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34316, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34316, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhyang Park
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneol Yang
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Won Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34316, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Heon Ko
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34316, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Sang Park
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34316, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Soo Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34316, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34316, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34316, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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9
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De Bruyn F, James K, Cottenet G, Dominick M, Katja J. Combining Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and human milk oligosaccharides synergistically increases short chain fatty acid production ex vivo. Commun Biol 2024; 7:943. [PMID: 39098939 PMCID: PMC11298527 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To enhance health benefits, a probiotic can be co-administered with a metabolizable prebiotic forming a synergistic synbiotic. We assessed the synergies resulting from combining Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis LMG 11588 and an age-adapted blend of six human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in ex vivo colonic incubation bioreactors seeded with fecal background microbiota from infant and toddler donors. When HMOs were combined with B. infantis LMG 11588, they were rapidly and completely consumed. This resulted in increased short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production compared to the summed SCFA production from individual ingredients (synergy). Remarkably, HMOs were partially consumed for specific infant donors in the absence of B. infantis LMG 11588, yet all donors showed increased SCFA production upon B. infantis LMG 11588 supplementation. We found specific bacterial taxa associated with the differential response pattern to HMOs. Our study shows the importance of carefully selecting pre- and probiotic into a synergistic synbiotic that could benefit infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florac De Bruyn
- Nestlé Research and Development, Nestléstrasse 3, CH-3510, Konolfingen, Switzerland.
| | - Kieran James
- Nestlé Research and Development, Nestléstrasse 3, CH-3510, Konolfingen, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey Cottenet
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science, Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, CH-1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maes Dominick
- Nestlé Research and Development, Nestléstrasse 3, CH-3510, Konolfingen, Switzerland
| | - Johnson Katja
- Nestlé Research and Development, Nestléstrasse 3, CH-3510, Konolfingen, Switzerland
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10
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Melki R, Litvak Y. From vacant to vivid: The nutritional landscape drives infant gut microbiota establishment. Mol Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 39044538 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
From the moment of birth, the newborn gastrointestinal tract is infiltrated by various bacteria originating from both maternal and environmental sources. These colonizing bacteria form a complex microbiota community that undergoes continuous changes until adulthood and plays an important role in infant health. The maturation of the infant gut microbiota is driven by many factors and follows a distinct patterned trajectory, with specific bacterial taxa establish in the intestine in accordance with developmental milestones as the infant grows. In this review, we highlight how elements such as diet and host physiology select for specific microbial functions and shape the composition of the bacterial community in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Melki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Litvak
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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11
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Puleio F, Pirri R, Tosco V, Lizio AS, Tripodi P, La Spina I, La Fauci V, Squeri R. Assessment of 2'-Fucosyllactose and Lacto-N-Neotetraose Solution as an Irrigant in E. faecalis-Infected Root Canals: An In Vitro Study. Clin Pract 2024; 14:1348-1356. [PMID: 39051302 PMCID: PMC11270313 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14040108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the lack of an ideal endodontic irrigant on the market, this study evaluates the antimicrobial potential of a formulated solution of 2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose against E. faecalis within infected root canals, and explores any associated impacts related to the duration of irrigation. METHODS 32 single-rooted teeth extracted for periodontal reasons were infected with Enterococcus faecalis, and subsequently subjected to endodontic treatment with two different irrigation systems: sodium hypochlorite or a solution of 2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose. These samples were then incubated in sterile culture media at 37 °C to observe microbial activity through turbidity. The culture broth of each individual sample was assessed as positive or negative by observing the turbidity or lack of turbidity in the culture at the time of evaluation. RESULTS the analysis of the results obtained from the comparison of groups irrigated with sodium hypochlorite or a solution of 2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose demonstrates that the case solution has no bactericidal effect against E. faecalis inoculated in the endodontic system. CONCLUSIONS the HMOs used in this study do not have a bactericidal effect on E. faecalis inoculated in an endodontic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Puleio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy; (R.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.T.); (I.L.S.); (V.L.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Rosario Pirri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy; (R.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.T.); (I.L.S.); (V.L.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Tosco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Angelo Sergio Lizio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy; (R.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.T.); (I.L.S.); (V.L.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Paola Tripodi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy; (R.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.T.); (I.L.S.); (V.L.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Isabella La Spina
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy; (R.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.T.); (I.L.S.); (V.L.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Vincenza La Fauci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy; (R.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.T.); (I.L.S.); (V.L.F.); (R.S.)
| | - Raffaele Squeri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy; (R.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.T.); (I.L.S.); (V.L.F.); (R.S.)
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12
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Zachariasen T, Russel J, Petersen C, Vestergaard GA, Shah S, Atienza Lopez P, Passali M, Turvey SE, Sørensen SJ, Lund O, Stokholm J, Brejnrod A, Thorsen J. MAGinator enables accurate profiling of de novo MAGs with strain-level phylogenies. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5734. [PMID: 38977664 PMCID: PMC11231285 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Metagenomic sequencing has provided great advantages in the characterisation of microbiomes, but currently available analysis tools lack the ability to combine subspecies-level taxonomic resolution and accurate abundance estimation with functional profiling of assembled genomes. To define the microbiome and its associations with human health, improved tools are needed to enable comprehensive understanding of the microbial composition and elucidation of the phylogenetic and functional relationships between the microbes. Here, we present MAGinator, a freely available tool, tailored for profiling of shotgun metagenomics datasets. MAGinator provides de novo identification of subspecies-level microbes and accurate abundance estimates of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). MAGinator utilises the information from both gene- and contig-based methods yielding insight into both taxonomic profiles and the origin of genes and genetic content, used for inference of functional content of each sample by host organism. Additionally, MAGinator facilitates the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships between the MAGs, providing a framework to identify clade-level differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Zachariasen
- Department of Health and Technology, Section of Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Russel
- Department of Biology, Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charisse Petersen
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gisle A Vestergaard
- Department of Health and Technology, Section of Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shiraz Shah
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pablo Atienza Lopez
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Moschoula Passali
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Søren J Sørensen
- Department of Biology, Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Lund
- Department of Health and Technology, Section of Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Department of Biology, Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asker Brejnrod
- Department of Health and Technology, Section of Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Thorsen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Inchingolo F, Inchingolo AM, Latini G, Ferrante L, de Ruvo E, Campanelli M, Longo M, Palermo A, Inchingolo AD, Dipalma G. Difference in the Intestinal Microbiota between Breastfeed Infants and Infants Fed with Artificial Milk: A Systematic Review. Pathogens 2024; 13:533. [PMID: 39057760 PMCID: PMC11280328 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) plays a crucial role in human health, particularly during the first years of life. Differences in GM between breastfed and formula (F)-fed infants may influence long-term health outcomes. This systematic review aims to compare the gut microbiota of breastfed infants with that of F-fed infants and to evaluate the clinical implications of these differences. We searched databases on Scopus, Web of Science, and Pubmed with the following keywords: "gut microbiota", "gut microbiome", and "neonatal milk". The inclusion criteria were articles relating to the analysis of the intestinal microbiome of newborns in relation to the type of nutrition, clinical studies or case series, excluding reviews, meta-analyses, animal models, and in vitro studies. The screening phase ended with the selection of 13 publications for this work. Breastfed infants showed higher levels of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, while F-fed infants had a higher prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria, including Clostridium difficile and Enterobacteriaceae. Infant feeding type influences the composition of oral GM significantly. Breastfeeding promotes a healthier and more diverse microbial ecosystem, which may offer protective health benefits. Future research should explore strategies to improve the GM of F-fed infants and understand the long-term health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Inchingolo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (A.M.I.); or (G.L.); or (L.F.); or (E.d.R.); (M.L.); or (A.D.I.); or (G.D.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (A.M.I.); or (G.L.); or (L.F.); or (E.d.R.); (M.L.); or (A.D.I.); or (G.D.)
| | - Giulia Latini
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (A.M.I.); or (G.L.); or (L.F.); or (E.d.R.); (M.L.); or (A.D.I.); or (G.D.)
| | - Laura Ferrante
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (A.M.I.); or (G.L.); or (L.F.); or (E.d.R.); (M.L.); or (A.D.I.); or (G.D.)
| | - Elisabetta de Ruvo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (A.M.I.); or (G.L.); or (L.F.); or (E.d.R.); (M.L.); or (A.D.I.); or (G.D.)
| | - Merigrazia Campanelli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (A.M.I.); or (G.L.); or (L.F.); or (E.d.R.); (M.L.); or (A.D.I.); or (G.D.)
| | - Marialuisa Longo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (A.M.I.); or (G.L.); or (L.F.); or (E.d.R.); (M.L.); or (A.D.I.); or (G.D.)
| | - Andrea Palermo
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham B4 6BN, UK;
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (A.M.I.); or (G.L.); or (L.F.); or (E.d.R.); (M.L.); or (A.D.I.); or (G.D.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (A.M.I.); or (G.L.); or (L.F.); or (E.d.R.); (M.L.); or (A.D.I.); or (G.D.)
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14
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Lueschow-Guijosa SR, Stanford AH, Berger JN, Gong H, Boly TJ, Jensen BA, Nordkild P, Leegwater AJ, Wehkamp J, Underwood MA, McElroy SJ. Host defense peptides human β defensin 2 and LL-37 ameliorate murine necrotizing enterocolitis. iScience 2024; 27:109993. [PMID: 38846005 PMCID: PMC11154634 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of preterm infant morbidity and mortality. Treatment for NEC is limited and non-targeted, which makes new treatment and prevention strategies critical. Host defense peptides (HDPs) are essential components of the innate immune system and have multifactorial mechanisms in host defense. LL-37 and hBD2 are two HDPs that have been shown in prior literature to protect from neonatal sepsis-induced mortality or adult inflammatory bowel disease, respectively. Therefore, this article sought to understand if these two HDPs could influence NEC severity in murine preclinical models. NEC was induced in P14-16 C57Bl/6 mice and HDPs were provided as a pretreatment or treatment. Both LL-37 and hBD2 resulted in decreased NEC injury scores as a treatment and hBD2 as a pretreatment. Our data suggest LL-37 functions through antimicrobial properties, while hBD2 functions through decreases in inflammation and improvement of intestinal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy H. Stanford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jennifer N. Berger
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA
| | - Huiyu Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Timothy J. Boly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Benjamin A.H. Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jan Wehkamp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mark A. Underwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steven J. McElroy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
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15
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He P, Yu L, Tian F, Chen W, Zhang H, Zhai Q. Effects of Probiotics on Preterm Infant Gut Microbiota Across Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100233. [PMID: 38908894 PMCID: PMC11251410 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiota in early life is closely associated with the health of infants, especially premature ones. Probiotics are important drivers of gut microbiota development in preterm infants; however, there is no consensus regarding the characteristics of specific microbiota in preterm infants receiving probiotics. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of 5 microbiome data sets (1816 stool samples from 706 preterm infants) to compare the gut microbiota of preterm infants exposed to probiotics with that of preterm infants not exposed to probiotics across populations. Despite study-specific variations, we found consistent differences in gut microbial composition and predicted functional pathways between the control and probiotic groups across different cohorts of preterm infants. The enrichment of Acinetobacter, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus spp and the depletion of the potentially pathogenic bacteria Finegoldia, Veillonella, and Klebsiella spp. were the most consistent changes in the gut microbiota of preterm infants supplemented with probiotics. Probiotics drove microbiome transition into multiple preterm gut community types, and notably, preterm gut community type 3 had the highest α-diversity, with enrichment of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides spp. At the functional level, the major predicted microbial pathways involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis consistently increased in preterm infants supplemented with probiotics; in contrast, the crucial pathways associated with heme biosynthesis consistently decreased. Interestingly, Bifidobacterium sp. rather than Lactobacillus sp. gradually became dominant in gut microbiota of preterm infants using mixed probiotics, although both probiotic strains were administered at the same dosage. Taken together, our meta-analysis suggests that probiotics contribute to reshaping the microbial ecosystem of preterm infants at both the taxonomic and functional levels of the bacterial community. More standardized and relevant studies may contribute to better understanding the crosstalk among probiotics, the gut microbiota, and subsequent disease risk, which could help to give timely nutritional feeding guidance to preterm infants. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/) as CRD42023447901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandi He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Bornbusch SL, Shinnerl HE, Gentry L, Keady MM, Glick V, Muletz-Wolz CR, Power ML. Local environment shapes milk microbiomes while evolutionary history constrains milk macronutrients in captive cercopithecine primates. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16664. [PMID: 38830671 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Milk is a complex biochemical fluid that includes macronutrients and microbiota, which, together, are known to facilitate infant growth, mediate the colonization of infant microbiomes, and promote immune development. Examining factors that shape milk microbiomes and milk-nutrient interplay across host taxa is critical to resolving the evolution of the milk environment. Using a comparative approach across four cercopithecine primate species housed at three facilities under similar management conditions, we test for the respective influences of the local environment (housing facility) and host species on milk (a) macronutrients (fat, sugar, and protein), (b) microbiomes (16S rRNA), and (c) predicted microbial functions. We found that milk macronutrients were structured according to host species, while milk microbiomes and predicted function were strongly shaped by the local environment and, to a lesser extent, host species. The milk microbiomes of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at two different facilities more closely resembled those of heterospecific facility-mates compared to conspecifics at a different facility. We found similar, facility-driven patterns of microbial functions linked to physiology and immune modulation, suggesting that milk microbiomes may influence infant health and development. These results provide novel insight into the complexity of milk and its potential impact on infants across species and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally L Bornbusch
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Nutrition Science, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hannah E Shinnerl
- Department of Nutrition Science, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lindsey Gentry
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mia M Keady
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Virginia Glick
- Department of Nutrition Science, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard University, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carly R Muletz-Wolz
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael L Power
- Department of Nutrition Science, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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17
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Wong CB, Huang H, Ning Y, Xiao J. Probiotics in the New Era of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs): HMO Utilization and Beneficial Effects of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis M-63 on Infant Health. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1014. [PMID: 38792843 PMCID: PMC11124435 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A healthy gut microbiome is crucial for the immune system and overall development of infants. Bifidobacterium has been known to be a predominant species in the infant gut; however, an emerging concern is the apparent loss of this genus, in particular, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) in the gut microbiome of infants in industrialized nations, underscoring the importance of restoring this beneficial bacterium. With the growing understanding of the gut microbiome, probiotics, especially infant-type human-residential bifidobacteria (HRB) strains like B. infantis, are gaining prominence for their unique ability to utilize HMOs and positively influence infant health. This article delves into the physiology of a probiotic strain, B. infantis M-63, its symbiotic relationship with HMOs, and its potential in improving gastrointestinal and allergic conditions in infants and children. Moreover, this article critically assesses the role of HMOs and the emerging trend of supplementing infant formulas with the prebiotic HMOs, which serve as fuel for beneficial gut bacteria, thereby emulating the protective effects of breastfeeding. The review highlights the potential of combining B. infantis M-63 with HMOs as a feasible strategy to improve health outcomes in infants and children, acknowledging the complexities and requirements for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chyn Boon Wong
- International Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-2, Higashi Shimbashi 1-Chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-7122, Japan
| | - Huidong Huang
- Nutrition Research Institute, Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., 36 Shitong Road, Shijiazhuang 050221, China
| | - Yibing Ning
- Nutrition Research Institute, Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., 36 Shitong Road, Shijiazhuang 050221, China
| | - Jinzhong Xiao
- Morinaga Milk Industry (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Room 509 Longemont Yes Tower, No. 369 Kaixuan Road, Changning District, Shanghai 200050, China
- Department of Microbiota Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Center for Probiotics, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
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18
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Zhang M, Qiao H, Yang S, Kwok LY, Zhang H, Zhang W. Human Breast Milk: The Role of Its Microbiota and Metabolites in Infant Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10665-10678. [PMID: 38691667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the role of microorganisms and metabolites in human breast milk and their impact on neonatal health. Breast milk serves as both a primary source of nutrition for newborns and contributes to the development and maturation of the digestive, immunological, and neurological systems. It has the potential to reduce the risks of infections, allergies, and asthma. As our understanding of the properties of human milk advances, there is growing interest in incorporating its benefits into personalized infant nutrition strategies, particularly in situations in which breastfeeding is not an option. Future infant formula products are expected to emulate the composition and advantages of human milk, aligning with an evolving understanding of infant nutrition. The long-term health implications of human milk are still under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Shuwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
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19
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Shaw C, Weimer BC, Gann R, Desai PT, Shah JD. The Yin and Yang of pathogens and probiotics: interplay between Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium and Bifidobacterium infantis during co-infection. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1387498. [PMID: 38812689 PMCID: PMC11133690 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1387498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria have been proposed as an alternative to antibiotics for the control of antimicrobial resistant enteric pathogens. The mechanistic details of this approach remain unclear, in part because pathogen reduction appears to be both strain and ecology dependent. Here we tested the ability of five probiotic strains, including some from common probiotic genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, to reduce binding of Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium to epithelial cells in vitro. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis emerged as a promising strain; however, S. Typhimurium infection outcome in epithelial cells was dependent on inoculation order, with B. infantis unable to rescue host cells from preceding or concurrent infection. We further investigated the complex mechanisms underlying this interaction between B. infantis, S. Typhimurium, and epithelial cells using a multi-omics approach that included gene expression and altered metabolism via metabolomics. Incubation with B. infantis repressed apoptotic pathways and induced anti-inflammatory cascades in epithelial cells. In contrast, co-incubation with B. infantis increased in S. Typhimurium the expression of virulence factors, induced anaerobic metabolism, and repressed components of arginine metabolism as well as altering the metabolic profile. Concurrent application of the probiotic and pathogen notably generated metabolic profiles more similar to that of the probiotic alone than to the pathogen, indicating a central role for metabolism in modulating probiotic-pathogen-host interactions. Together these data imply crosstalk via small molecules between the epithelial cells, pathogen and probiotic that consistently demonstrated unique molecular mechanisms specific probiotic/pathogen the individual associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bart C. Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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20
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Xie Z, Kim C, Miller MJ, Jin YS. Effects of 2'-fucosyllactose on the viability of starter cultures and Bifidobacterium strains of human origin in yogurt during refrigerated storage. J Food Sci 2024; 89:2546-2556. [PMID: 38578148 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is postulated to provide health benefits and promote the growth of probiotics. This work was undertaken to study the effects of 2'-FL on the viability of starter cultures and Bifidobacterium strains of human origin in yogurt during refrigerated storage. Yogurts were produced containing 2'-FL (0 or 2 g/L) and Bifidobacterium strains of human origin (Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BB536 or Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697) at a concentration of at least 109 CFU/mL. All yogurts were stored at 4°C for 5 weeks. Results showed that 2'-FL was stable in yogurts for at least 5 weeks of cold storage, and the addition of 2'-FL did not significantly alter yogurt fermentation parameters, associated metabolites, and the viability of mixed yogurt starter cultures and Bifidobacterium strains (p > 0.05). The addition of bifidobacteria had a negative impact (p < 0.05) on the survival rate of starter cultures, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbureckii subsp. bulgaricus. Meanwhile, it is difficult to maintain a high survival rate of bifidobacteria in final yogurt products, and the addition of 2'-FL could not enhance the viability of bifidobacteria. B. longum BB536 survived at a level higher than 106 CFU/g for 28 days, while B. infantis ATCC15697 maintained this level for only 7 days. In summary, this study has shown the impact of 2'-FL and bifidobacterial species on yogurt properties, and results suggest that it is promising to use 2'-FL in yogurt products as a prebiotic. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Yogurt is known for its beneficial effects on human health and nutrition. This study reported the production of symbiotic yogurt containing bifidobacteria and 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) as a functional food for specified health uses. The viability of yogurt starter cultures and probiotic bifidobacterial strains was analyzed in this study. Moreover, this research demonstrated that 2'-FL could be added to yogurt without affecting the characteristics of yogurt significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifan Xie
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Chanwoo Kim
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Fermented and Processed Food Science Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Michael J Miller
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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21
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Zhou Y, Liu X, Chen H, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Yang B. Isolation and Characterisation of Streptococcus spp. with Human Milk Oligosaccharides Utilization Capacity from Human Milk. Foods 2024; 13:1291. [PMID: 38731662 PMCID: PMC11083076 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) that promote the growth of beneficial gut microbes in infants are abundant in human milk. Streptococcus, one of the dominant genera in human milk microbiota, is also highly prevalent in the infant gut microbiota, possibly due to its adeptness at utilizing HMOs. While previous studies have mainly focused on HMO interactions with gut bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides spp., the interaction with Streptococcus spp. has not been fully explored. In this study, Streptococcus spp. was isolated from human milk and identified to exhibit extensive capabilities in utilizing HMOs. Their consumption rates of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL), and lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) closely matched those of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697. Furthermore, we assessed the safety-related genes in the genomes of the Streptococcus species capable of utilizing HMOs, revealing potential virulence and resistance genes. In addition, no haemolytic activity was observed. These findings expand the knowledge of metabolic interactions and networks within the microbiota of human milk and the early life human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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22
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Ding M, Li B, Chen H, Ross RP, Stanton C, Zhao J, Chen W, Yang B. Bifidobacterium longum Subsp. infantis Promotes IgA Level of Growing Mice in a Strain-Specific and Intestinal Niche-Dependent Manner. Nutrients 2024; 16:1148. [PMID: 38674840 PMCID: PMC11054607 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout infancy, IgA is crucial for maintaining gut mucosal immunity. This study aims to determine whether supplementing newborn mice with eight different strains of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis might regulate their IgA levels. The strains were gavaged to BALB/C female (n = 8) and male (n = 8) dams at 1-3 weeks old. Eight strains of B. longum subsp. infantis had strain-specific effects in the regulation of intestinal mucosal barriers. B6MNI, I4MI, and I10TI can increase the colonic IgA level in females and males. I8TI can increase the colonic IgA level in males. B6MNI was also able to significantly increase the colonic sIgA level in females. B6MNI, I4MI, I8TI, and I10TI regulated colonic and Peyer's patch IgA synthesis genes but had no significant effect on IgA synthesis pathway genes in the jejunum and ileum. Moreover, the variety of sIgA-coated bacteria in male mice was changed by I4MI, I5TI, I8TI, and B6MNI. These strains also can decrease the relative abundance of Escherichia coli. These results indicate that B. longum subsp. infantis can promote IgA levels but show strain specificity. Different dietary habits with different strains of Bifidobacterium may have varying effects on IgA levels when supplemented in early infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.D.); (B.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.D.); (B.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.D.); (B.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Reynolds Paul Ross
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (R.P.R.); (C.S.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (R.P.R.); (C.S.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.D.); (B.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.D.); (B.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.D.); (B.L.); (H.C.); (J.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (R.P.R.); (C.S.)
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23
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Chang HW, Lee EM, Wang Y, Zhou C, Pruss KM, Henrissat S, Chen RY, Kao C, Hibberd MC, Lynn HM, Webber DM, Crane M, Cheng J, Rodionov DA, Arzamasov AA, Castillo JJ, Couture G, Chen Y, Balcazo NP, Lebrilla CB, Terrapon N, Henrissat B, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer MJ, Newgard CB, Mostafa I, Das S, Mahfuz M, Osterman AL, Barratt MJ, Ahmed T, Gordon JI. Prevotella copri and microbiota members mediate the beneficial effects of a therapeutic food for malnutrition. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:922-937. [PMID: 38503977 PMCID: PMC10994852 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Microbiota-directed complementary food (MDCF) formulations have been designed to repair the gut communities of malnourished children. A randomized controlled trial demonstrated that one formulation, MDCF-2, improved weight gain in malnourished Bangladeshi children compared to a more calorically dense standard nutritional intervention. Metagenome-assembled genomes from study participants revealed a correlation between ponderal growth and expression of MDCF-2 glycan utilization pathways by Prevotella copri strains. To test this correlation, here we use gnotobiotic mice colonized with defined consortia of age- and ponderal growth-associated gut bacterial strains, with or without P. copri isolates closely matching the metagenome-assembled genomes. Combining gut metagenomics and metatranscriptomics with host single-nucleus RNA sequencing and gut metabolomic analyses, we identify a key role of P. copri in metabolizing MDCF-2 glycans and uncover its interactions with other microbes including Bifidobacterium infantis. P. copri-containing consortia mediated weight gain and modulated energy metabolism within intestinal epithelial cells. Our results reveal structure-function relationships between MDCF-2 and members of the gut microbiota of malnourished children with potential implications for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Chang
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Evan M Lee
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cyrus Zhou
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kali M Pruss
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Suzanne Henrissat
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Robert Y Chen
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clara Kao
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew C Hibberd
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hannah M Lynn
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel M Webber
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marie Crane
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jiye Cheng
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dmitry A Rodionov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aleksandr A Arzamasov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Juan J Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Garret Couture
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ye Chen
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nikita P Balcazo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Terrapon
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering), Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ishita Mostafa
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Subhasish Das
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Andrei L Osterman
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Barratt
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jeffrey I Gordon
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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24
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Lawson Y, Mpasi P, Young M, Comerford K, Mitchell E. A review of dairy food intake for improving health among black infants, toddlers, and young children in the US. J Natl Med Assoc 2024; 116:228-240. [PMID: 38360504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Adequate nutrition is paramount for proper growth and musculoskeletal, neurocognitive, and immunological development in infants, toddlers, and young children. Among breastfeeding mother-child dyads, this critical window of development, is impacted by both maternal and offspring dietary patterns. For mothers, their dietary patterns impact not only their own health and well-being, but also the nutrition of their breast milk - which is recommended as the sole source of food for the first 6 months of their infant's life, and as a complementary source of nutrition until at least 2 years of age. For infants and toddlers, the breast milk, formulas, and first foods they consume can have both short-term and long-term effects on their health and well-being - with important impacts on their taste perception, microbiome composition, and immune function. According to dietary intake data in the US, infants and young children meet a greater number of nutrient requirements than older children and adults, yet numerous disparities among socially disadvantaged racial/ethnic groups still provide significant challenges to achieving adequate nutrition during these early life stages. For example, Black children are at greater risk for disparities in breastfeeding, age-inappropriate complementary feeding patterns, nutrient inadequacies, food insecurity, and obesity relative to most other racial/ethnic groups in the US. For infants who do not receive adequate breast milk, which includes a disproportionate number of Black infants, dairy-based infant formulas are considered the next best option for meeting nutritional needs. Fermented dairy foods (e.g., yogurt, cheese) can serve as ideal first foods for complementary feeding, and cow's milk is recommended for introduction during the transitional feeding period to help meet the nutrient demands during this phase of rapid growth and development. Low dairy intake may put children at risk for multiple nutrient inadequacies and health disparities - some of which may have lifelong consequences on physical and mental health. A burgeoning body of research shows that in addition to breast milk, cow's milk and other dairy foods may play critical roles in supporting physical growth, neurodevelopment, immune function, and a healthy gut microbiome in early life. However, most of this research so far has been conducted in White populations and can only be extrapolated to Black infants, toddlers, and young children. Therefore, to better understand and support the health and development of this population, greater research and education efforts on the role of milk and dairy products are urgently needed. This review presents the current evidence on health disparities faced by Black children in the US from birth to four years of age, and the role that dairy foods can play in supporting the normal growth and development of this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Lawson
- Associate Attending, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Priscilla Mpasi
- ChristianaCare Health System, Assistant Clinical Director Complex Care and Community Medicine, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Michal Young
- Emeritus, Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Washington D.C., United States
| | - Kevin Comerford
- OMNI Nutrition Science; California Dairy Research Foundation, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Edith Mitchell
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer at Jefferson, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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25
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Eker F, Akdaşçi E, Duman H, Yalçıntaş YM, Canbolat AA, Kalkan AE, Karav S, Šamec D. Antimicrobial Properties of Colostrum and Milk. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:251. [PMID: 38534686 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing number of antibiotic resistance genes is putting a strain on the ecosystem and harming human health. In addition, consumers have developed a cautious attitude towards chemical preservatives. Colostrum and milk are excellent sources of antibacterial components that help to strengthen the immunity of the offspring and accelerate the maturation of the immune system. It is possible to study these important defenses of milk and colostrum, such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, immunoglobulins, oligosaccharides, etc., as biotherapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of numerous infections caused by microbes. Each of these components has different mechanisms and interactions in various places. The compound's mechanisms of action determine where the antibacterial activity appears. The activation of the antibacterial activity of milk and colostrum compounds can start in the infant's mouth during lactation and continue in the gastrointestinal regions. These antibacterial properties possess potential for therapeutic uses. In order to discover new perspectives and methods for the treatment of bacterial infections, additional investigations of the mechanisms of action and potential complexes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Eker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Emir Akdaşçi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Yalçın Mert Yalçıntaş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alperen Canbolat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Arda Erkan Kalkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Dunja Šamec
- Department of Food Technology, University North, Trg Dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
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Rodziewicz A, Szewczyk A, Bryl E. Gluten-Free Diet Alters the Gut Microbiome in Women with Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Nutrients 2024; 16:685. [PMID: 38474814 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome may contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Diet has a critical impact on the gut microbiome, and it has been shown that a gluten-free diet can negatively affect its composition. A gluten-free diet is popular among patients, and therefore the aim of this study was to check whether it affects thyroid function and gut microbiome composition in AIT. Thirty-one women with AIT complied with a gluten-free diet for 8 weeks. After the first 4 weeks, participants were divided into two groups: the first group received gluten in capsules and the other one-rice starch (placebo). Blood and stool samples were examined before diet (T0), after 4 weeks (T1) and after 8 weeks of diet (T2). The only significant difference in blood parameters was observed between T1 and T2 in the placebo group for the thyroid peroxidase antibody level. After the first 4 weeks, a significant increase in Desulfobacterota, Proteobacteria, Prevotella and Parasutterella and a significant decrease in Actinobacteriota, Coriobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium were observed. The detected microbiome alterations may indicate increasing inflammation; however, further research is required, and for now, a gluten-free diet should be used cautiously in AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rodziewicz
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adrian Szewczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
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Tarracchini C, Milani C, Lugli GA, Mancabelli L, Turroni F, van Sinderen D, Ventura M. The infant gut microbiota as the cornerstone for future gastrointestinal health. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 126:93-119. [PMID: 38637108 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The early postnatal period represents a critical window of time for the establishment and maturation of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota undergoes dramatic developmental changes during the first year of life, being influenced by a variety of external factors, with diet being a major player. Indeed, the introduction of complementary feeding provides novel nutritive substrates and triggers a shift from milk-adapted gut microbiota toward an adult-like bacterial composition, which is characterized by an enhancement in diversity and proportions of fiber-degrading bacterial genera like Ruminococcus, Prevotella, Eubacterium, and Bacteroides genera. Inadequate gut microbiota development in early life is frequently associated with concomitant and future adverse health conditions. Thus, understanding the processes that govern initial colonization and establishment of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract is of great importance. This review summarizes the actual understanding of the assembly and development of the microbial community associated with the infant gut, emphasizing the importance of mother-to-infant vertical transmission events as a fundamental arrival route for the first colonizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tarracchini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Borewicz K, Brück WM. Supplemented Infant Formula and Human Breast Milk Show Similar Patterns in Modulating Infant Microbiota Composition and Function In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1806. [PMID: 38339084 PMCID: PMC10855883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota of healthy breastfed infants is often dominated by bifidobacteria. In an effort to mimic the microbiota of breastfed infants, modern formulas are fortified with bioactive and bifidogenic ingredients. These ingredients promote the optimal health and development of infants as well as the development of the infant microbiota. Here, we used INFOGEST and an in vitro batch fermentation model to investigate the gut health-promoting effects of a commercial infant formula supplemented with a blend containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (20 mg/100 kcal), polydextrose and galactooligosaccharides (PDX/GOS) (4 g/L, 1:1 ratio), milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) (5 g/L), lactoferrin (0.6 g/L), and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, BB-12 (BB-12) (106 CFU/g). Using fecal inoculates from three healthy infants, we assessed microbiota changes, the bifidogenic effect, and the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production of the supplemented test formula and compared those with data obtained from an unsupplemented base formula and from the breast milk control. Our results show that even after INFOGEST digestion of the formula, the supplemented formula can still maintain its bioactivity and modulate infants' microbiota composition, promote faster bifidobacterial growth, and stimulate production of SCFAs. Thus, it may be concluded that the test formula containing a bioactive blend promotes infant gut microbiota and SCFA profile to something similar, but not identical to those of breastfed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudyna Borewicz
- Mead Johnson B.V., Middenkampweg 2, 6545 CJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Wolfram Manuel Brück
- Institute for Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
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Ding M, Li B, Chen H, Ross RP, Stanton C, Jiang S, Zhao J, Chen W, Yang B. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis regulates Th1/Th2 balance through the JAK-STAT pathway in growing mice. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2024; 3:16. [PMID: 38841405 PMCID: PMC11149089 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis is a dominant bacterium in infant gut, which plays a critical role in maintaining the health and development of infants. This study investigated the abilities of eight different strains of B. longum subsp. infantis to regulate the T helper (Th)1/Th2 balance. Methods: Eight B. longum subsp. infantis strains, including I2MI (FJSWXI2MIM1), I4MI [FJSWXI4MI (CCFM1270)], I4MNI (FJSWXI4MNIM1), I5TI (FJSWXI5TIM1), I6TI (FJSWXI6TIM1), I8TI [FJSWXI8TI (CCFM1271)], I10TI [FJSWXI10TI (CCFM1272)], and B6MNI [BJSWXB6MNIM1 (CCFM1269)], were gavaged to BALB/C pups in both female (n = 8) and male (n = 8) mice starting from 1 to 3 weeks old (1 × 109 CFU/day/mice). Selected immune cells were assessed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Cytokines and immunoglobulins were determined by ELISA. Bacterial and bifidobacterial communities were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bifidobacterial groEL sequencing. Results: B. longum subsp. infantis I4MI and I8TI were shown to increase the ration of colonic IgG2a/IgE in male mice (P < 0.05). B6MNI was demonstrated to significantly increase the levels of colonic IFN-γ and IgG2a, as well as the ratio of IgG2a/IgE in female mice (P < 0.05). It was also shown to significantly increase the ratio of colonic IgG2a/IgE (P < 0.05) and reduce the level of colonic IL-4 in male mice (P < 0.05). Furthermore, B6MNI was demonstrated to regulate colonic JAK/STAT pathway in both male and female mice. I4MI, I5TI, and B6MNI were shown to increase the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and B. longum subsp. infantis in both male and female mice, whereas I8TI was only shown to increase the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and B. longum subsp. infantis in male mice (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated supplementation with B. longum subsp. infantis in early infancy may regulate the Th1/Th2 immune balance, which may prevent the development of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - R. Paul Ross
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 R229, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 R229, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland
| | - Shilong Jiang
- Nutrition and Metabolism Research Division, Innovation Center, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing 100015, China
- PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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30
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Cullen AE, Labad J, Oliver D, Al-Diwani A, Minichino A, Fusar-Poli P. The Translational Future of Stress Neurobiology and Psychosis Vulnerability: A Review of the Evidence. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:350-377. [PMID: 36946486 PMCID: PMC10845079 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230322145049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress is a well-established risk factor for psychosis, yet the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this relationship have yet to be fully elucidated. Much of the research in this field has investigated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function and immuno-inflammatory processes among individuals with established psychotic disorders. However, as such studies are limited in their ability to provide knowledge that can be used to develop preventative interventions, it is important to shift the focus to individuals with increased vulnerability for psychosis (i.e., high-risk groups). In the present article, we provide an overview of the current methods for identifying individuals at high-risk for psychosis and review the psychosocial stressors that have been most consistently associated with psychosis risk. We then describe a network of interacting physiological systems that are hypothesised to mediate the relationship between psychosocial stress and the manifestation of psychotic illness and critically review evidence that abnormalities within these systems characterise highrisk populations. We found that studies of high-risk groups have yielded highly variable findings, likely due to (i) the heterogeneity both within and across high-risk samples, (ii) the diversity of psychosocial stressors implicated in psychosis, and (iii) that most studies examine single markers of isolated neurobiological systems. We propose that to move the field forward, we require well-designed, largescale translational studies that integrate multi-domain, putative stress-related biomarkers to determine their prognostic value in high-risk samples. We advocate that such investigations are highly warranted, given that psychosocial stress is undoubtedly a relevant risk factor for psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis E. Cullen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Labad
- CIBERSAM, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health and Addictions, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Spain
| | - Dominic Oliver
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Al-Diwani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amedeo Minichino
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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David P, Claud EC. Necrotizing Enterocolitis and the Preterm Infant Microbiome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1449:29-41. [PMID: 39060729 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58572-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Preterm infants differ significantly from their term infant counterparts regarding bacterial colonization patterns related to maternal microbiota diversity, mode of delivery, feeding type, antibiotic exposure, and the environmental influences related to prolonged hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a multifactorial intestinal disorder characterized by ischemic bowel disease, disproportionately impacts preterm infants and has a high disease burden. Recent studies in the basic, translational, and clinical scientific literature have advanced knowledge into this complex disease process. Despite the explosion of research into NEC, however, there is a still a great deal unknown about this devastating illness. Additionally, the disease morbidity and mortality for NEC remain high despite advances in therapy options. This chapter reviews the current literature into the preterm infant microbiome, pathogenesis of NEC, potential targets for altering preterm microbiome, influence of microbiome on other organ systems, long-term implications of microbiome dysbiosis, and future directions of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyone David
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Erika C Claud
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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32
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Chen JF, Hsia KC, Kuo YW, Chen SH, Huang YY, Li CM, Hsu YC, Tsai SY, Ho HH. Safety Assessment and Probiotic Potential Comparison of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis BLI-02, Lactobacillus plantarum LPL28, Lactobacillus acidophilus TYCA06, and Lactobacillus paracasei ET-66. Nutrients 2023; 16:126. [PMID: 38201957 PMCID: PMC10780348 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis BLI-02, Lactobacillus paracasei ET-66, Lactobacillus plantarum LPL28, and Lactobacillus acidophilus TYCA06, isolated from healthy breast milk, miso, and the healthy human gut, were assessed for safety in this study. BLI-02, LPL28, TYCA06, and ET-66 exhibited no antibiotic resistance and mutagenic activity in the Ames test at the highest dosage (5000 μg/plate). No genotoxicity was observed in micronucleus and chromosomal aberration assays in rodent spermatogonia at the maximum dosage of 10 g/kg body weight (BW). No acute and sub-chronic toxicity occurred in mice and rats at the maximum tested dosage of 10 g/kg BW and 1.5 g/kg BW, respectively. The lyophilized powder of these strains survived a low pH and high bile salt environment, adhering strongly to Caco-2 cells. Unique antimicrobial activities were noted in these strains, with BLI-02 demonstrating the best growth inhibition against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, LPL28 exhibiting the best growth inhibition against Helicobacter pylori, and ET-66 showing the best growth inhibition against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Based on the present study, the lyophilized powder of these four strains appears to be a safe probiotic supplement at tested dosages. It should be applicable for clinical or healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Fen Chen
- Research Product Department, R&D Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan; (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.); (Y.-Y.H.); (C.-M.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.)
| | - Ko-Chiang Hsia
- Research Product Department, R&D Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan; (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.); (Y.-Y.H.); (C.-M.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.)
| | - Yi-Wei Kuo
- Functional Investigation Department, R&D Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Hui Chen
- Process Department, R&D Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Yu Huang
- Research Product Department, R&D Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan; (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.); (Y.-Y.H.); (C.-M.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.)
| | - Ching-Min Li
- Research Product Department, R&D Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan; (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.); (Y.-Y.H.); (C.-M.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.)
| | - Yu-Chieh Hsu
- Research Product Department, R&D Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan; (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.); (Y.-Y.H.); (C.-M.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.)
| | - Shin-Yu Tsai
- Research Product Department, R&D Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan; (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.); (Y.-Y.H.); (C.-M.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.)
| | - Hsieh-Hsun Ho
- Research Product Department, R&D Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan; (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.); (Y.-Y.H.); (C.-M.L.); (Y.-C.H.); (S.-Y.T.)
- Functional Investigation Department, R&D Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan;
- Process Department, R&D Center, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan City 744, Taiwan;
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Magnan C, Lancry T, Salipante F, Trusson R, Dunyach-Remy C, Roger C, Lefrant JY, Massanet P, Lavigne JP. Role of gut microbiota and bacterial translocation in acute intestinal injury and mortality in patients admitted in ICU for septic shock. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1330900. [PMID: 38179421 PMCID: PMC10765587 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1330900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction with high mortality rate. The gut origin hypothesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome relates to loss of gut barrier function and the ensuing bacterial translocation. The aim of this study was to describe the evolution of gut microbiota in a cohort of septic shock patients over seven days and the potential link between gut microbiota and bacterial translocation. Methods Sixty consecutive adult patients hospitalized for septic shock in intensive care units (ICU) were prospectively enrolled. Non-inclusion criteria included patients with recent or scheduled digestive surgery, having taken laxatives, pre- or probiotic in the previous seven days, a progressive digestive neoplasia, digestive lymphoma, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, moribund patient, and pregnant and lactating patients. The primary objective was to evaluate the evolution of bacterial diversity and richness of gut microbiota during seven days in septic shock. Epidemiological, clinical and biological data were gathered over seven days. Gut microbiota was analyzed through a metagenomic approach. 100 healthy controls were selected among healthy blood donors for reference basal 16S rDNA values. Results Significantly lower bacterial diversity and richness was observed in gut microbiota of patients at Day 7 compared with Day 0 (p<0.01). SOFA score at Day 0, Acute Gastrointestinal Injury (AGI) local grade, septic shock origin and bacterial translocation had an impact on alpha diversity. A large increase in Enterococcus genus was observed at Day 7 with a decrease in Enterobacterales, Clostridiales, Bifidobacterium and other butyrate-producing bacteria. Discussion This study shows the importance of bacterial translocation during AGI in septic shock patients. This bacterial translocation decreases during hospitalization in ICUs in parallel to the decrease of microbiota diversity. This work highlights the role of gut microbiota and bacterial translocation during septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Magnan
- Bacterial Virulence and Chronic Infection (VBIC), INSERM U1047, Univ Montpellier, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Platform MICRO&BIO, University Hospital Center (CHU) Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Thomas Lancry
- UR-UM103 UMAGINE, Univ Montpellier, Division of Anesthesia Critical Care, Pain and Emergency Medicine, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Florian Salipante
- Department of Biostastistics, Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology, Univ Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Rémi Trusson
- UR-UM103 UMAGINE, Univ Montpellier, Division of Anesthesia Critical Care, Pain and Emergency Medicine, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Catherine Dunyach-Remy
- Bacterial Virulence and Chronic Infection (VBIC), INSERM U1047, Univ Montpellier, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Platform MICRO&BIO, University Hospital Center (CHU) Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Claire Roger
- UR-UM103 UMAGINE, Univ Montpellier, Division of Anesthesia Critical Care, Pain and Emergency Medicine, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Jean-Yves Lefrant
- UR-UM103 UMAGINE, Univ Montpellier, Division of Anesthesia Critical Care, Pain and Emergency Medicine, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Pablo Massanet
- UR-UM103 UMAGINE, Univ Montpellier, Division of Anesthesia Critical Care, Pain and Emergency Medicine, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- Bacterial Virulence and Chronic Infection (VBIC), INSERM U1047, Univ Montpellier, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Platform MICRO&BIO, University Hospital Center (CHU) Nîmes, Nîmes, France
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Capeding MRZ, Phee LCM, Ming C, Noti M, Vidal K, Le Carrou G, Frézal A, Moll JM, Vogt JK, Myers PN, Nielsen BH, Boulangé CL, Samuel TM, Berger B, Cercamondi CI. Safety, efficacy, and impact on gut microbial ecology of a Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis LMG11588 supplementation in healthy term infants: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in the Philippines. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1319873. [PMID: 38162520 PMCID: PMC10755859 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1319873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis) may play a key role in infant gut development. This trial evaluated safety, tolerability, and efficacy of B. infantis LMG11588 supplementation. Methods This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study conducted in the Philippines included healthy breastfed and/or formula-fed infants (14-21 days old) randomized for 8 weeks to a control group (CG; n = 77), or any of two B. infantis experimental groups (EGs): low (Lo-EG; 1*108 CFU/day; n = 75) or high dose (Hi-EG; 1.8*1010 CFU/day; n = 76). Primary endpoint was weight gain; secondary endpoints included stooling patterns, gastrointestinal symptoms, adverse events, fecal microbiome, biomarkers, pH, and organic acids. Results Non-inferiority in weight gain was demonstrated for Hi-EG and Lo-EG vs. CG. Overall, probiotic supplementation promoted mushy-soft stools, fewer regurgitation episodes, and increased fecal acetate production, which was more pronounced in the exclusively breastfed infants (EBF) and positively correlated with B. infantis abundance. In EBF, fecal pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-8) were reduced. Strain-level metagenomic analysis allowed attributing the increased abundance of B. infantis in EGs versus CG, to LMG11588 probiotic colonization. Colonization by autochthonous B. infantis strains was similar between groups. Discussion B. infantis LMG11588 supplementation was associated with normal infant growth, was safe and well-tolerated and promoted a Bifidobacterium-rich microbiota driven by B. infantis LMG11588 colonization without disturbing the natural dispersal of autochthonous B. infantis strains. In EBF, supplementation stimulated microbial metabolic activity and beneficially modulated enteric inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chang Ming
- Biostatistics & Data, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario Noti
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karine Vidal
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Le Carrou
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A. Frézal
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Claire L. Boulangé
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tinu Mary Samuel
- Nestlé Product Technology Center – Nutrition, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Berger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Colin Ivano Cercamondi
- Nestlé Product Technology Center – Nutrition, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
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35
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Doran BA, Chen RY, Giba H, Behera V, Barat B, Sundararajan A, Lin H, Sidebottom A, Pamer EG, Raman AS. An evolution-based framework for describing human gut bacteria. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.04.569969. [PMID: 38105970 PMCID: PMC10723311 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.04.569969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome contains many bacterial strains of the same species ('strain-level variants'). Describing strains in a biologically meaningful way rather than purely taxonomically is an important goal but challenging due to the genetic complexity of strain-level variation. Here, we measured patterns of co-evolution across >7,000 strains spanning the bacterial tree-of-life. Using these patterns as a prior for studying hundreds of gut commensal strains that we isolated, sequenced, and metabolically profiled revealed widespread structure beneath the phylogenetic level of species. Defining strains by their co-evolutionary signatures enabled predicting their metabolic phenotypes and engineering consortia from strain genome content alone. Our findings demonstrate a biologically relevant organization to strain-level variation and motivate a new schema for describing bacterial strains based on their evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Doran
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Robert Y. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
| | - Hannah Giba
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Vivek Behera
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Bidisha Barat
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | | | - Huaiying Lin
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Ashley Sidebottom
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Eric G. Pamer
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Arjun S. Raman
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
- Center for the Physics of Evolving Systems, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
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36
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Batta VK, Rao SC, Patole SK. Bifidobacterium infantis as a probiotic in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1887-1905. [PMID: 37460707 PMCID: PMC10665187 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bifidobacterium infantis has special abilities to utilise human milk oligosaccharides. Hence we hypothesised that probiotic supplements containing B. infantis may confer greater benefits to preterm infants than probiotic supplements without B. infantis. METHODS A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted according to standard guidelines. We selected RCTs evaluating probiotics compared to placebo or no treatment in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Probiotic effects on Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC), Late Onset Sepsis (LOS) and Mortality were analysed separately for RCTs in which the supplemented probiotic product contained B. infantis and those that did not contain B. infantis. RESULTS 67 RCTs were included (n = 14,606), of which 16 used probiotics containing B. infantis (Subgroup A) and 51 RCTs did not (Subgroup B) Meta-analysis of all RCTs indicated that probiotics reduced the risk of NEC, LOS, and mortality. The subgroup meta-analysis demonstrated greater reduction in the incidence of NEC in subgroup A than subgroup B [(relative risk in subgroup A: 0.38; 95% CI, 0.27-0.55) versus (0.67; 95% CI, 0.55-0.81) in subgroup B; p value for subgroup difference: 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS These results provide indirect evidence that probiotic supplements that include B. infantis may be more beneficial for preterm infants. Well-designed RCTs are necessary to confirm these findings. IMPACT Evidence is emerging that beneficial effects of probiotics are species and strain specific. This systematic review analyses if B. infantis supplementation provides an advantage to preterm infants. This is the first systematic review evaluating the effects of probiotics containing B. infantis in preterm infants. The results of this systematic review provides indirect evidence that probiotics that include B. infantis may be more beneficial for preterm infants. These results will help in guiding future research and clinical practice for using B. infantis as a probiotic in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi K Batta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shripada C Rao
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Sanjay K Patole
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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37
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Wang A, Diana A, Rahmannia S, Gibson RS, Houghton LA, Slupsky CM. Impact of milk secretor status on the fecal metabolome and microbiota of breastfed infants. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2257273. [PMID: 37741856 PMCID: PMC10519369 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2257273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal secretor status has been shown to be associated with the presence of specific fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), and the impact of maternal secretor status on infant gut microbiota measured through 16s sequencing has previously been reported. None of those studies have confirmed exclusive breastfeeding nor investigated the impact of maternal secretor status on gut microbial fermentation products. The present study focused on exclusively breastfed (EBF) Indonesian infants, with exclusive breastfeeding validated through the stable isotope deuterium oxide dose-to-mother (DTM) technique, and the impact of maternal secretor status on the infant fecal microbiome and metabolome. Maternal secretor status did not alter the within-community (alpha) diversity, between-community (beta) diversity, or the relative abundance of bacterial taxa at the genus level. However, infants fed milk from secretor (Se+) mothers exhibited a lower level of fecal succinate, amino acids and their derivatives, and a higher level of 1,2-propanediol when compared to infants fed milk from non-secretor (Se-) mothers. Interestingly, for infants consuming milk from Se+ mothers, there was a correlation between the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus, and between each of these genera and fecal metabolites that was not observed in infants receiving milk from Se- mothers. Our findings indicate that the secretor status of the mother impacts the gut microbiome of the exclusively breastfed infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aly Diana
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Nutrition Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Sofa Rahmannia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung, Indonesia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rosalind S Gibson
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lisa A Houghton
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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38
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Low KE, Tingley JP, Klassen L, King ML, Xing X, Watt C, Hoover SER, Gorzelak M, Abbott DW. Carbohydrate flow through agricultural ecosystems: Implications for synthesis and microbial conversion of carbohydrates. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108245. [PMID: 37652144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are chemically and structurally diverse biomolecules, serving numerous and varied roles in agricultural ecosystems. Crops and horticulture products are inherent sources of carbohydrates that are consumed by humans and non-human animals alike; however carbohydrates are also present in other agricultural materials, such as soil and compost, human and animal tissues, milk and dairy products, and honey. The biosynthesis, modification, and flow of carbohydrates within and between agricultural ecosystems is intimately related with microbial communities that colonize and thrive within these environments. Recent advances in -omics techniques have ushered in a new era for microbial ecology by illuminating the functional potential for carbohydrate metabolism encoded within microbial genomes, while agricultural glycomics is providing fresh perspective on carbohydrate-microbe interactions and how they influence the flow of functionalized carbon. Indeed, carbohydrates and carbohydrate-active enzymes are interventions with unrealized potential for improving carbon sequestration, soil fertility and stability, developing alternatives to antimicrobials, and circular production systems. In this manner, glycomics represents a new frontier for carbohydrate-based biotechnological solutions for agricultural systems facing escalating challenges, such as the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Low
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Jeffrey P Tingley
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Leeann Klassen
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Marissa L King
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Xing
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Caitlin Watt
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Shelley E R Hoover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Monika Gorzelak
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - D Wade Abbott
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
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39
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Pichichero ME. Variability of vaccine responsiveness in early life. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104777. [PMID: 37866234 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Vaccinations in early life elicit variable antibody and cellular immune responses, sometimes leaving fully vaccinated children unprotected against life-threatening infectious diseases. Specific immune cell populations and immune networks may have a critical period of development and calibration in a window of opportunity occurring during the first 100 days of early life. Among the early life determinants of vaccine responses, this review will focus on modifiable factors involving development of the infant microbiota and metabolome: antibiotic exposure, breast versus formula feeding, and Caesarian section versus vaginal delivery of newborns. How microbiota may serve as natural adjuvants for vaccine responses and how microbiota-derived metabolites influence vaccine responses are also reviewed. Early life poor vaccine responsiveness can be linked to increased infection susceptibility because both phenotypes share similar immunity dysregulation profiles. An early life pre-vaccination endotype, when interventions have the highest potential for success, should be sought that predicts vaccine response trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Pichichero
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Research Institute, Rochester General Hospital, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY 14621, USA.
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40
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Zhu L, Li H, Luo T, Deng Z, Li J, Zheng L, Zhang B. Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Critical Review on Structure, Preparation, Their Potential as a Food Bioactive Component, and Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15908-15925. [PMID: 37851533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Human milk is the gold standard for infant feeding. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a unique group of oligosaccharides in human milk. Great interest in HMOs has grown in recent years due to their positive effects on various aspects of infant health. HMOs provide various physiologic functions, including establishing a balanced infant's gut microbiota, strengthening the gastrointestinal barrier, preventing infections, and potential support to the immune system. However, the clinical application of HMOs is challenging due to their specificity to human milk and the difficulties and high costs associated with their isolation and synthesis. Here, the differences in oligosaccharides in human and other mammalian milk are compared, and the synthetic strategies to access HMOs are summarized. Additionally, the potential use and molecular mechanisms of HMOs as a new food bioactive component in different diseases, such as infection, necrotizing enterocolitis, diabetes, and allergy, are critically reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of HMOs in basic research and application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Liufeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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41
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Modesto M, Ngom-Bru C, Scarafile D, Bruttin A, Pruvost S, Sarker SA, Ahmed T, Sakwinska O, Mattarelli P, Duboux S. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. iuvenis subsp. nov., a novel subspecies isolated from the faeces of weaning infants. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37851001 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The species
Bifidobacterium longum
currently comprises four subspecies:
B. longum
subsp.
longum
,
B. longum
subsp.
infantis
,
B. longum
subsp.
suis
and
B. longum
subsp.
suillum
. Recently, several studies on
B. longum
suggested the presence of a separate clade containing four strains isolated from infants and one from rhesus macaque. These strains shared a phylogenetic similarity to
B. longum
subsp.
suis
DSM 20210T and
B. longum
subsp.
suillum
JCM1995T [average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 98.1 %) while showed an ANI of 96.5 % with both
B. longum
subsp.
infantis
and
B. longum
subsp.
longum
. The current work describes five novel additional
B. longum
strains isolated from Bangladeshi weaning infants and demonstrates their common phylogenetic origin with those of the previously proposed separated clade. Based on polyphasic taxonomic approach comprising loci multilocus sequence analysis and whole genome multilocus sequence typing, all ten examined strains have been confirmed as a distinct lineage within the species
B. longum
with
B. longum
subsp.
suis
and
B. longum
subsp.
suillum
as closest subspecies. Interestingly, these strains are present in weaning infants and primates as opposed to their closest relatives which have been typically isolated from pig and calves. These strains, similarly to
B. longum
subsp.
infantis
, show a common capacity to metabolize the human milk oligosaccharide 3-fucosyllactose. Moreover, they harbour a riboflavin synthesis operon, which differentiate them from their closest subspecies,
B. longum
subsp.
suis
and
B. longum
subsp.
suillum
. Based on the consistent results from genotypical, ecological and phenotypical analyses, a novel subspecies with the name
Bifidobacterium longum
subsp. iuvenis, with type strain NCC 5000T (=LMG 32752T=CCOS 2034T), is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Modesto
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Catherine Ngom-Bru
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Donatella Scarafile
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anne Bruttin
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Solenn Pruvost
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Shafiqul Alam Sarker
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Olga Sakwinska
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Paola Mattarelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stéphane Duboux
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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42
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Yu D, Pei Z, Chen Y, Wang H, Xiao Y, Zhang H, Chen W, Lu W. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis as widespread bacteriocin gene clusters carrier stands out among the Bifidobacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0097923. [PMID: 37681950 PMCID: PMC10537742 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00979-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium is the dominant genus, particularly in the intestinal tract niche of healthy breast-fed infants, and many of these strains have been proven to elicit positive effects on infant development. In addition to its effective antimicrobial activity against detrimental microorganisms, it helps to improve the intestinal microbiota balance. The isolation and identification of bacteriocins from Bifidobacterium have been limited since the mid-1980s, leading to an underestimation of its ability for bacteriocin production. Here, we employed a silicon-based search strategy to mine 354 putative bacteriocin gene clusters (BGCs), most of which have never been reported, from the genomes of 759 Bifidobacterium strains distributed across 9 species. Consistent with previous reports, most Bifidobacterium strains did not carry or carry only a single BGC; however, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, in contrast to other Bifidobacterium species, carried numerous BGCs, including lanthipeptides, lasso peptides, thiopeptides, and class IId bacteriocins. The antimicrobial activity of the crude bacteriocins and transcription analysis confirmed its potential for bacteriocin biosynthesis. Additionally, we investigated the association of bacteriocins with the phylogenetic positions of their homologs from other genera and niches. In conclusion, this study re-examines a few Bifidobacterium species traditionally regarded as a poor source of bacteriocins. These bacteriocin genes impart a competitive advantage to Bifidobacterium in colonizing the infant intestinal tract. IMPORTANCE Development of the human gut microbiota commences from birth, with bifidobacteria being among the first colonizers of the newborn intestinal tract and dominating it for a considerable period. To date, the genetic basis for the successful adaptation of bifidobacteria to this particular niche remains unclear since studies have mainly focused on glycoside hydrolase and adhesion-related genes. Bacteriocins are competitive factors that help producers maintain colonization advantages without destroying the niche balance; however, they have rarely been reported in Bifidobacterium. The advancement in sequencing methods and bacteriocin databases enables the use of a silicon-based search strategy for the comprehensive and rapid re-evaluation of the bacteriocin distribution of Bifidobacterium. Our study revealed that B. infantis carries abundant bacteriocin biosynthetic gene clusters for the first time, presenting new evidence regarding the competitive interactions of Bifidobacterium in the infant intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhangming Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yutao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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43
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Melsaether C, Høtoft D, Wellejus A, Hermes GDA, Damholt A. Seeding the Infant Gut in Early Life-Effects of Maternal and Infant Seeding with Probiotics on Strain Transfer, Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy Breastfed Infants. Nutrients 2023; 15:4000. [PMID: 37764787 PMCID: PMC10538230 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of two dosing regimens of two multi-strain probiotic products on the gut microbiota of breastfed infants, including the transfer of the dosed strains and clinical outcomes. In forty-seven dyads, infants were either exposed through maternal intake (MS) of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Bifin02 from gestational week thirty-three until four weeks after birth (n = 24) or dosed directly (IS) with the same strains except for LA-5 starting within 24 h after birth until day 28 (n = 23). Infant stool samples were collected on day 0, 14, 28, and 42 after birth. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed by parents using an electronic diary. Microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing, and strain recovery was analyzed by qPCR. Notably, 100% of the IS infants were colonized with Bifin02 after 14 days as opposed to only 25% of the MS infants. Mean stool frequency was significantly lower in IS infants compared to MS infants and IS infants had softer stools on day 14, 28, and 42. A significantly steeper slope of progression of inconsolable crying and fussing was observed in MS infants compared to IS infants. In conclusion, direct infant seeding induced a faster increase in fecal bifidobacteria abundancy and Bifin02 recovery compared to dosed through the maternal intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Melsaether
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Boege Alle 10-12, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark; (A.W.); (G.D.A.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Diana Høtoft
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Anja Wellejus
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Boege Alle 10-12, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark; (A.W.); (G.D.A.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Gerben D. A. Hermes
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Boege Alle 10-12, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark; (A.W.); (G.D.A.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Anders Damholt
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Boege Alle 10-12, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark; (A.W.); (G.D.A.H.); (A.D.)
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44
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Button JE, Cosetta CM, Reens AL, Brooker SL, Rowan-Nash AD, Lavin RC, Saur R, Zheng S, Autran CA, Lee ML, Sun AK, Alousi AM, Peterson CB, Koh AY, Rechtman DJ, Jenq RR, McKenzie GJ. Precision modulation of dysbiotic adult microbiomes with a human-milk-derived synbiotic reshapes gut microbial composition and metabolites. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1523-1538.e10. [PMID: 37657443 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of the gut microbiome using live biotherapeutic products shows promise for clinical applications but remains challenging to achieve. Here, we induced dysbiosis in 56 healthy volunteers using antibiotics to test a synbiotic comprising the infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis), and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). B. infantis engrafted in 76% of subjects in an HMO-dependent manner, reaching a relative abundance of up to 81%. Changes in microbiome composition and gut metabolites reflect altered recovery of engrafted subjects compared with controls. Engraftment associates with increases in lactate-consuming Veillonella, faster acetate recovery, and changes in indolelactate and p-cresol sulfate, metabolites that impact host inflammatory status. Furthermore, Veillonella co-cultured in vitro and in vivo with B. infantis and HMO converts lactate produced by B. infantis to propionate, an important mediator of host physiology. These results suggest that the synbiotic reproducibly and predictably modulates recovery of a dysbiotic microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin L Lee
- Prolacta Bioscience, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adam K Sun
- Prolacta Bioscience, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Amin M Alousi
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christine B Peterson
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew Y Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Robert R Jenq
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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45
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Jacobs JP, Lee ML, Rechtman DJ, Sun AK, Autran C, Niklas V. Human milk oligosaccharides modulate the intestinal microbiome of healthy adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14308. [PMID: 37652940 PMCID: PMC10471580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk contains over 200 distinct oligosaccharides, which are critical to shaping the developing neonatal gut microbiome. To investigate whether a complex mixture of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) would similarly modulate the adult gut microbiome, HMO-Concentrate derived from pooled donor breast milk was administered orally to 32 healthy adults for 7 days followed by 21 days of monitoring. Fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, and metabolomics analyses. HMO-Concentrate induced dose-dependent Bifidobacterium expansion, reduced microbial diversity, and altered microbial gene content. Following HMO cessation, a microbial succession occurred with diverse taxonomic changes-including Bacteroides expansion-that persisted through day 28. This was associated with altered microbial gene content, shifts in serum metabolite levels, and increased circulating TGFβ and IL-10. Incubation of cultured adult microbiota with HMO-Concentrate induced dose-dependent compositional shifts that were not recapitulated by individual HMOs or defined mixtures of the 10 most abundant HMOs in HMO-Concentrate at their measured concentrations. These findings support that pooled donor HMOs can exert direct effects on adult gut microbiota and that complex mixtures including low abundance HMOs present in donor milk may be required for maximum effect.Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05516225.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Jacobs
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Martin L Lee
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Prolacta Bioscience, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Victoria Niklas
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Oak Hill Bio Ltd, Altrincham, Cheshire WA14 2DT, United Kingdom
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46
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Jackson PPJ, Wijeyesekera A, Rastall RA. Oligofructose alone and in combination with 2'fucosyllactose induces physiologically relevant changes in γ-aminobutyric acid and organic acid production compared to sole 2'fucosyllactose supplementation: an in vitro study. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad100. [PMID: 37653466 PMCID: PMC10481994 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the potential for the prebiotic oligofructose and prebiotic candidate 2'fucosyllactose, alone and in combination (50:50 blend) to induce physiologically relevant increases in neurotransmitter (γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, tryptophan, and dopamine) and organic acid (acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate, and succinate) production as well as microbiome changes using anaerobic pH-controlled in vitro batch culture fermentations over 48 h. Changes in organic acid and neurotransmitter production were assessed by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography and, bacterial enumeration using fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. Both oligofructose and oligofructose/2'fucosyllactose combination fermentations induced physiologically relevant concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and succinate at completion (all P ≤ .05). A high degree of heterogeneity was seen amongst donors in both neurotransmitter and organic acid production in sole 2'FL fermentations suggesting a large responder/nonresponder status exists. Large increases in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides numbers were detected in oligofructose fermentation, smallest increases being detected in 2'fucosyllactose fermentation. Bacterial numbers in the combined oligofructose/2'fucosyllactose fermentation were closer to that of sole oligofructose. Our results indicate that oligofructose and oligofructose/2'fucosyllactose in combination have the potential to induce physiologically relevant increases in γ-aminobutyric and organic acid production along with offsetting the heterogenicity seen in response to sole 2'fucosyllactose supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Philip James Jackson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anisha Wijeyesekera
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Adrian Rastall
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom
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47
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Bethell GS, Hall NJ. Recent advances in our understanding of NEC diagnosis, prognosis and surgical approach. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1229850. [PMID: 37583622 PMCID: PMC10424793 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1229850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) remains a devasting condition that has seen limited improvement in outcomes in recent years. The incidence of the disease is increasing as more extremely premature infants survive. NEC is responsible for 1 in 10 neonatal deaths and up to 61% of survivors have significant neurodevelopmental delay. The aim of this review is to highlight recent advances in diagnosis, prognosis and surgical approach in this condition. Many recent studies have reported novel methods of diagnosis of NEC with the aim of earlier and more accurate identification. These include imaging and machine learning techniques. Prognostication of NEC is particularly important to allow earlier escalation of therapy. Around 25% of infants with NEC will require surgery and recent data has shown that time from disease onset to surgery is greater in infants whose indication for surgery is failed medical management, rather than pneumoperitoneum. This indication was also associated with worse outcomes compared to pneumoperitoneum. Ongoing research has highlighted several new methods of disease prognostication which includes differentiating surgical from medical NEC. Finally, recent randomised controlled trials in surgical technique are discussed along with the implications of these for practice. Further, high quality research utilising multi-centre collaborations and high fidelity data from electronic patient records is needed to address the issues discussed and ultimately improve outcomes in NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Bethell
- University Surgical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel J Hall
- University Surgical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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48
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Wurm P, Stampfer L, Greimel T, Leitner E, Zechner EL, Bauchinger S, Hauer AC, Gorkiewicz G, Högenauer C, Hoffmann KM. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Suspected Food Protein Induced Proctocolitis-A Prospective Comparative Cohort Trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 77:31-38. [PMID: 37040073 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In infants with suspected food protein induced proctocolitis (sFPIP) only a minority of patients are finally diagnosed with the disease following diagnostic dietary intervention (DDI). There is a need for a pathophysiological explanation for the cause of hematochezia in the majority of sFPIP infants. METHODS We prospectively recruited infants with sFPIP and healthy controls. Fecal samples were collected at inclusion, week 4 (end of DDI in sFPIP), and week 8. For 16S rRNA sequencing (515F/806R) we used Illumina MiSeq sequencing system. Amplicon sequence variants were generated using Qiime2 and DADA2. Qiime diversity alpha and beta group comparisons and linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis was performed. For shotgun metagenomic analysis on species level we used KneadData and MetaPhlAn2. RESULTS Fourteen sFPIP infants were compared to 55 healthy infants. At inclusion overall microbial composition of sFPIP infants differed significantly from controls (weighted UniFrac; Pairwise PERMANOVA, P = 0.002, pseudo- F = 5.008). On genus level healthy infant microbiota was significantly enriched with Bifidobacterium ( B ) compared to sFPIP patients (linear discriminant analysis [LDA] = 5.5, P < 0.001, 31.3% vs 12.1%). sFPIP stool was significantly enriched by Clostridium sensu stricto 1 over controls (LDA = 5.3, P = 0.003, 3.5% vs 18.3%). DDI caused a significant and sustained increase of Bifidobacterium (LDA = 5.4, P = 0.048, 27.9%) in sFPIP infants. Species level analysis revealed significant reduction of abundance of B longum in sFPIP patients, which after DDI was reversed by B. species other than B longum . CONCLUSIONS We revealed a gut microbiota dysbiosis phenomenon in sFPIP infants. DDI induces a microbiota composition comparable to that of healthy infants. In most sFPIP infants hematochezia might be triggered by a gut microbiota dysbiosis phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wurm
- From Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Stampfer
- the Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Theresa Greimel
- the Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Leitner
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen L Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Bauchinger
- the Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Almuthe C Hauer
- the Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Gorkiewicz
- From Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - K Martin Hoffmann
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Kinderärzte Zentrum Graz-Raaba, Raaba-Grambach, Austria
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49
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Redondo-Flórez L, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2749. [PMID: 37375654 PMCID: PMC10302286 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried foods, conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy products, and high-fructose products. The present review aims to describe the effect of the Western pattern diet on the metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant status; the impact on gut microbiota and mitochondrial fitness; the effect of on cardiovascular health, mental health, and cancer; and the sanitary cost of the Western diet. To achieve this goal, a consensus critical review was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, and secondary sources, including bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, and the Web of Science were used to complete the assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords such "Western diet", "inflammation", "metabolic health", "metabolic fitness", "heart disease", "cancer", "oxidative stress", "mental health", and "metabolism" were used. The following exclusion criteria were applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane to the review's primary focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings of conferences, and unpublished studies. This information will allow for a better comprehension of this nutritional behavior and its effect on an individual's metabolism and health, as well as the impact on national sanitary systems. Finally, practical applications derived from this information are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | | | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
| | - Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
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50
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Lugli GA, Mancabelli L, Milani C, Fontana F, Tarracchini C, Alessandri G, van Sinderen D, Turroni F, Ventura M. Comprehensive insights from composition to functional microbe-based biodiversity of the infant human gut microbiota. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:25. [PMID: 37169786 PMCID: PMC10175488 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During infancy, gut microbiota development is a crucial process involved in the establishment of microbe-host interactions which may persist throughout adulthood, and which are believed to influence host health. To fully understand the complexities of such interactions, it is essential to assess gut microbiota diversity of newborns and its associated microbial dynamics and relationships pertaining to health and disease. To explore microbial biodiversity during the first 3 years of human life, 10,935 shotgun metagenomic datasets were taxonomically and functionally classified. Microbial species distribution between infants revealed the presence of eight major Infant Community State Types (ICSTs), being dominated by 17 bacterial taxa, whose distribution was shown to correspond to the geographical origin and infant health status. In total, 2390 chromosomal sequences of the predominant taxa were reconstructed from metagenomic data and used in combination with 44,987 publicly available genomes to trace the distribution of microbial Population Subspecies (PS) within the different infant groups, revealing patterns of multistrain coexistence among ICSTs. Finally, implementation of a metagenomic- and metatranscriptomic-based metabolic profiling highlighted different enzymatic expression patterns of the gut microbiota that allowed us to acquire insights into mechanistic aspects of health-gut microbiota interplay in newborns. Comparison between metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data highlights how a complex environment like the human gut must be investigated by employing both sequencing methodologies and possibly supplemented with metabolomics approaches. While metagenomic analyses are very useful for microbial classification aimed at unveiling key players driving microbiota balances, using these data to explain functionalities of the microbiota is not always warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Tarracchini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, T12YT20, Cork, Ireland
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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