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Yuan C, Gao J, Huang L, Jian S. Chromolaena odorata affects soil nitrogen transformations and competition in tropical coral islands by altering soil ammonia oxidizing microbes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175196. [PMID: 39097027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Invasive plants can change the community structure of soil ammonia-oxidizing microbes, affect the process of soil nitrogen (N) transformation, and gain a competitive advantage. However, the current researches on competition mechanism of Chromolaena odorata have not involved soil nitrogen transformation. In this study, we compared the microbially mediated soil transformations of invasive C. odorata and natives (Pisonia grandis and Scaevola taccada) of tropical coral islands. We assessed how differences in plant biomass and tissue N contents, soil nutrients, N transformation rates, microbial biomass and activity, and diversity and abundance of ammonia oxidizing microbes associated with these species impact their competitiveness. The results showed that C. odorata outcompeted both native species by allocating more proportionally biomass to aboveground parts in response to interspecific competition (12.92 % and 22.72 % more than P. grandis and S. taccada, respectively). Additionally, when C. odorata was planted with native plants, the available N and net mineralization rates in C. odorata rhizosphere soil were higher than in native plants rhizosphere soils. Higher abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in C. odorata rhizosphere soil confirmed this, being positively correlated with soil N mineralization rates and available N. Our findings help to understand the soil N acquisition and competition strategies of C. odorata, and contribute to improving evaluations and predictions of invasive plant dynamics and their ecological effects in tropical coral islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Yuan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Luping Huang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuguang Jian
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Guimaraes AF, de Alagao Querido LC, Rocha T, de Jesus Rodrigues D, Viana PL, de Godoy Bergallo H, Fernandes GW, Toma TSP, Streit H, Overbeck GE, de Souza AQS, Lima AP, da Rosa CA, de Viveiros Grelle CE, Lopes AM, Curcino A, de Paula AS, Andriolo A, Dos Santos Dias A, Santos AT, Bernardes AA, da Silva Oliveira AB, de Barros AAM, E Silva ACBL, da Cruz ACR, de Holanda ASS, Bueno AS, Nunes-Freitas AF, Yves A, da Silva Alencar A, Scabin AB, Manzatto AG, Lima ACS, Pontes ARM, Castro AB, Gomes AM, Banhos A, Rosado BHP, Dos Santos Batista CA, Siqueira CC, Fontana CS, da Rocha CFD, Brocardo CR, da Costa Doria CR, Castilho CV, Pessanha C, Cordeiro CAMM, Cronemberger C, Andretti CB, Cornelius C, Campos C, Borges-Matos C, Barros CF, Keller C, de Oliveira Cavalcante C, de Sales Dambros C, da Silva Machado DN, Tassinari D, Villela DM, Chiaraniv E, de Farias Geisler E, Velez-Martin E, Carvalho-Junior EAR, Drechsler-Santos ER, Lourenco EC, Franklin E, Higashikawa EM, Pezzini F, de Oliveira Roque F, Baccaro FB, Becker FG, Cabeceira FG, do Prado Florencio F, Barbosa FR, Pezzini F, Zuquim G, Ferreira GB, de Vargas GK, Mourao G, Rousseau GX, de Lima HC, Farias HLS, Kaefer IL, Ghizoni IR, da Costa de Noronha J, de Oliveira JL, Santos JRS, Jarenkow JA, de Melo-Junior JCF, Dos Santos JVC, de Oliveira J, de Souza JLP, Baumgratz JFA, de Morais JW, de Melo Silva J, de Gois Silva J, Wingert JM, Menger J, Ferrer J, Dayrell JS, da Silva-Goncalves KC, Torralvo K, da Silva Cruz K, da Silva Sylvestre L, de Andrade Ribas L, Battirola LD, Ramos L, Caires LR, da Silva Carvalho LC, Stegmann LF, Carvalho LN, da Silva Menezes L, Costa LM, Podgaiski LR, Silveira LF, Malabarba LR, Frangipani MA, Tabarelli M, Nascimento MT, Marques MCM, Spies MR, de Oliveira Dos Santos MA, Anaicy M, Vital MJS, Silveira M, Vieira MV, de Moura Araujo MA, de Almeida Silveira MAP, Barros MF, Faitanin MA, Iguatemy M, da Cunha MS, da Silva Murakami MM, Messias MR, Martins MB, Camana M, de Medeiros Correa N, Fonseca NC, Prieto-Benavides OO, Pena Rodrigues PJF, de Andrade PL, Pequeno PACL, Gananca PHS, da Silva Ferreira PP, de Andrade PCR, Azarak PA, de Fraga R, Rabelo RM, de Lima Santos R, Barbosa RI, Dala-Corte RB, Vicente RE, de Oliveira Perdiz R, da Cunha Araujo RP, de Andrade RTG, de Cassia Quitete Portela R, Fadini R, Feitosa RM, Santa-Brigida R, Cerqueira R, Muller SC, Santorelli S, Dos Santos SB, Cechin SZ, Avilla SS, Pansini S, Aragon S, da Silva Figueiredo T, Sobroza TV, de Fatima Ramos Guimaraes T, Dos Santos TF, Emilio T, de Azevedo Amorim T, Izzo T, Sogral T, Dos Santos TG, Vincent TL, de Lima Rocha T, Pillar VD, Mesquita VP, Silva VD, Cyrino VME, Borges-Junior VNT, Layme VMG, Mota WG, Santos WN, Drose W, Silva WR, Magnusson WE. Disentangling the veil line for Brazilian biodiversity: An overview from two long-term research programs reveals huge gaps in ecological data reporting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:174880. [PMID: 39053522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The lack of synthesized information regarding biodiversity is a major problem among researchers, leading to a pervasive cycle where ecologists make field campaigns to collect information that already exists and yet has not been made available for a broader audience. This problem leads to long-lasting effects in public policies such as spending money multiple times to conduct similar studies in the same area. We aim to identify this knowledge gap by synthesizing information available regarding two Brazilian long-term biodiversity programs and the metadata generated by them. Using a unique dataset containing 1904 metadata, we identified patterns of metadata distribution and intensity of research conducted in Brazil, as well as where we should concentrate research efforts in the next decades. We found that the majority of metadata were about vertebrates, followed by plants, invertebrates, and fungi. Caatinga was the biome with least metadata, and that there's still a lack of information regarding all biomes in Brazil, with none of them being sufficiently sampled. We hope that these results will have implications for broader conservation and management guiding, as well as to funding allocation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aretha Franklin Guimaraes
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | | | - Taina Rocha
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. Avenida Magalhaes Barata 376, Belem, Para 66040-170, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Lage Viana
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. Avenida Magalhaes Barata 376, Belem, Para 66040-170, Brazil
| | - Helena de Godoy Bergallo
- Rua Sao Francisco Xavier 524, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Helena Streit
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Goncalves Avenue, 9500, zip 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gerhard Ernst Overbeck
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Goncalves Avenue, 9500, zip 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alberico Queiroz Salgueiro de Souza
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ecologia e Conservacao da Biodiversidade, Laboratorio de Ecologia Aplicada a Conservacao, Rodovia Ilheus-Itabuna, Km 16, Salobrinho, zip 45662-000, Ilheus, BA, Brazil
| | - Albertina Pimentel Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Avenida Andre Araujo 2936, Manaus, AM 69080-971, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Alves da Rosa
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Monteiro Lopes
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. Coordenacao de zoologia, Av. Perimetral, 1901 - Terra Firme, Belem, PA, 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Curcino
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Agroecologia da Universidade Estadual de Roraima. Rua 7 de Setembro, 231, Bairro Canarinho, zip 68902-280 Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Andriolo
- Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pos- Graduacao em Conservacao e Uso de Recursos Naturais, Presidente Dutra Avenue, Universidade Federal de Rondonia, zip 76801-974, Rondonia, Brazil
| | - Aline Dos Santos Dias
- Rua Sao Francisco Xavier 524, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Tavares Santos
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentavel Mamiraua, Estrada do Bexiga, Tefe zip 69553225, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Amanda Araujo Bernardes
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Carolina Borges Lins E Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Biologia, Dom Manuel de Medeiros street, Dois Irmaos, zip 52171030 Recife, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Rodrigues da Cruz
- Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Senador Furtado street, 121, zip 20061-002 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Sofia Sousa de Holanda
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Para, 68040-255 Santarem, Para, Brazil
| | - Anderson Saldanha Bueno
- Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Julio de Castilhos, RS 98130-000, Brazil
| | - Andre Felippe Nunes-Freitas
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientais, Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, km 7, zip 23897-000, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andre Yves
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Andreia da Silva Alencar
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Recursos Naturais, Capitao Ene Garces Avenue, 2413, Universidade Federal de Roraima, zip 69310-000 Boa Vista, Brazil
| | | | - Angelo Gilberto Manzatto
- Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pos- Graduacao em Conservacao e Uso de Recursos Naturais, Presidente Dutra Avenue, Universidade Federal de Rondonia, zip 76801-974 Rondonia, Brazil
| | - Antonio Cesar Silva Lima
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Recursos Naturais, Capitao Ene Garces Avenue, 2413, Universidade Federal de Roraima, zip 69310-000 Boa Vista, Brazil
| | | | - Arlison B Castro
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Para, 68040-255 Santarem, Para, Brazil
| | - Arthur Monteiro Gomes
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Aureo Banhos
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciencias Exatas, Naturais e da Saude, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Guararema, Alegre, ZIP 29500-000, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Bruno H P Rosado
- Rua Sao Francisco Xavier 524, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caio Augusto Dos Santos Batista
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Carla Costa Siqueira
- Rua Sao Francisco Xavier 524, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla Suertegaray Fontana
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolucao, Santa Maria, zip 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos R Brocardo
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Para, 68040-255 Santarem, Para, Brazil
| | - Carolina Rodrigues da Costa Doria
- Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Conservacao e Uso de Recursos Naturais, Presidente Dutra Avenue, Universidade Federal de Rondonia, zip 76801-974 Rondonia, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Pessanha
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Ambientais, CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, zip 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cesar A M M Cordeiro
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Ambientais, CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, zip 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Cronemberger
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservacao da Biodiversidade, zip 12952-011 Atibaia, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian Borges Andretti
- Instituto Pro-Pampa (IPPampa), Laboratorio de Ornitologia. Rua Uruguai, 1242, Bairro Centro, 96010-630 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cintia Cornelius
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, General Rodrigo Otavio street, Coroado, Manaus zip 69097-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Ciro Campos
- Instituto Socioambiental - ISA. Costa e Silva, 116, Sao Pedro, 69306670 Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Franca Barros
- Instituto de Pesquisa Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leao, 915, zip 22460030 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Keller
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Cristian de Sales Dambros
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolucao, Santa Maria, zip 97105-900. Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Tassinari
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Producao Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, zip 39100-000 Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dora Maria Villela
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Ambientais, CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, zip 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Chiaraniv
- Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Ipiranga, Avenue, 6681 , Partenon, zip 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Farias Geisler
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Velez-Martin
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Goncalves Avenue, 9500, zip 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elizabete Captivo Lourenco
- Rua Sao Francisco Xavier 524, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Franklin
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Emilio Manabu Higashikawa
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Flavia Pezzini
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Biodiversity Genomics and Analytics, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio de Oliveira Roque
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, zip 79070- 900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, General Rodrigo Otavio street, Coroado, Manaus, zip 69097-000. Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gertum Becker
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Goncalves Avenue, 9500, zip 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando Goncalvez Cabeceira
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, zip 79070- 900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flavia Pezzini
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Biodiversity Genomics and Analytics, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Guilherme Krahl de Vargas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Goncalves Avenue, 9500, zip 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Mourao
- Empresa Brazileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria, zip: 79320-900. Corumba, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima
- Instituto de Pesquisa Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leao, 915, zip 22460030. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hugo Leonardo Sousa Farias
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Nucleo de Pesquisas de Roraima, zip 69080-971 Roraima, Brazil
| | - Igor Luis Kaefer
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, General Rodrigo Otavio street, Coroado, Manaus, zip 69097-000. Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Ivo Rohling Ghizoni
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, zip 88040-900 Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Joao Andre Jarenkow
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Goncalves Avenue, 9500, zip 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jocieli de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, zip 78550-728 Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Pereira de Souza
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, General Rodrigo Otavio street, Coroado, Manaus zip 69097-000. Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Wellinton de Morais
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Joyce de Melo Silva
- Rua Sao Francisco Xavier 524, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julia de Gois Silva
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Wingert
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Goncalves Avenue, 9500, zip 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Menger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research -UFZ, Department of Conservation Biology & Social-Ecological Systems, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliano Ferrer
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Goncalves Avenue, 9500, zip 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jussara Santos Dayrell
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina da Silva-Goncalves
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientais, Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, km 7, zip 23897-000 Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kelly Torralvo
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentavel Mamiraua, Estrada do Bexiga, Tefe zip 69553225, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Kely da Silva Cruz
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Lana da Silva Sylvestre
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Pedro Calmon Avenue, 550, Cidade Universitaria, zip 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonor de Andrade Ribas
- Rua Sao Francisco Xavier 524, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Leticia Ramos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, zip 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leticia Rocha Caires
- Rua Sao Francisco Xavier 524, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luciana da Silva Menezes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Goncalves Avenue, 9500, zip 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Moraes Costa
- Rua Sao Francisco Xavier 524, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Regina Podgaiski
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Goncalves Avenue, 9500, zip 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luis Fabio Silveira
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, zip 05508-030. Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Roberto Malabarba
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Goncalves Avenue, 9500, zip 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Araujo Frangipani
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Goncalves Avenue, 9500, zip 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Trindade Nascimento
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Ambientais, CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, zip 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia R Spies
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, zip 97300-970 Sao Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Anaicy
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Marcos Jose Salgado Vital
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Nucleo de Pesquisas de Roraima, zip 69080-971 Roraima, Brazil
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Universidade Federal do Acre, zip 69920-900 Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Vieira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Pedro Calmon Avenue, 550, Cidade Universitaria, zip 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Aurea Pinheiro de Almeida Silveira
- Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pos- Graduacao em Conservacao e Uso de Recursos Naturais, Presidente Dutra Avenue, Universidade Federal de Rondonia, zip 76801-974 Rondonia, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Alves Faitanin
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Ambientais, CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, zip 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Iguatemy
- Instituto Internacional para Sustentabilidade, zip 22460-320 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Souza da Cunha
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Nucleo de Pesquisas de Roraima, zip 69080-971 Roraima, Brazil
| | | | - Mariluce Rezende Messias
- Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pos- Graduacao em Conservacao e Uso de Recursos Naturais, Presidente Dutra Avenue, Universidade Federal de Rondonia, zip 76801-974 Rondonia, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Camana
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Goncalves Avenue, 9500, zip 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nadjara de Medeiros Correa
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientais, Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, km 7, zip 23897-000 Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathan Castro Fonseca
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Biologia, Dom Manuel de Medeiros street, Dois Irmaos, zip 52171030 Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Henrique Salomao Gananca
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo da Silva Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Pedro Calmon Avenue, 550, Cidade Universitaria, zip 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Alencar Azarak
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Nucleo de Pesquisas de Roraima, zip 69080-971 Roraima, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Fraga
- Instituto Tecnologico Vale, zip 66055-090 Belem, Para, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Rabelo
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentavel Mamiraua, Estrada do Bexiga, Tefe, zip 69553225, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Raylanne de Lima Santos
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Recursos Naturais, Capitao Ene Garces Avenue, 2413, Universidade Federal de Roraima, zip 69310-000 Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Nucleo de Pesquisas de Roraima, zip 69080-971 Roraima, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Eduardo Vicente
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Biociencias, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, zip 78060-900 Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira Perdiz
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Recursos Naturais, Capitao Ene Garces Avenue, 2413, Universidade Federal de Roraima, zip 69310-000 Boa Vista, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rita de Cassia Quitete Portela
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Pedro Calmon Avenue, 550, Cidade Universitaria, zip 21941-901. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fadini
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Para, 68040-255 Santarem, Para, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rui Cerqueira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Pedro Calmon Avenue, 550, Cidade Universitaria, zip 21941-901. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra Cristina Muller
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Goncalves Avenue, 9500, zip 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sergio Santorelli
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Sonia Barbosa Dos Santos
- Rua Sao Francisco Xavier 524, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sonia Zanini Cechin
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolucao, Santa Maria zip 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Stefano Spiteri Avilla
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, General Rodrigo Otavio street, Coroado, Manaus zip 69097-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Susamar Pansini
- Universidade Federal de Rondonia, zip 76801-974. Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
| | - Susan Aragon
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Nucleo de Pesquisas de Rondonia, zip 76801-974 Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
| | - Taina da Silva Figueiredo
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Avenida Andre Araujo 2936, Manaus, AM 69080-971, Brazil
| | - Tainara Venturini Sobroza
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, General Rodrigo Otavio street, Coroado, Manaus zip 69097-000. Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Tais de Fatima Ramos Guimaraes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Goncalves Avenue, 9500, zip 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Talitha Ferreira Dos Santos
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Thaise Emilio
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociencias, Campus Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Thiago de Azevedo Amorim
- Departamento de Botanica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Predio da Biodiversidade, Rua UO, s/n, CEP 23897-035 Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Izzo
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Instituto de Biociencias, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, zip 78060-900 Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Thadeu Sogral
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Instituto de Biociencias, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, zip 78060-900 Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Timothy Lee Vincent
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Tomas de Lima Rocha
- Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, zip 29075-910. Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Valerio D Pillar
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Goncalves Avenue, 9500, zip 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pontes Mesquita
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Duncan Silva
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Ambientais, CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, zip 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vitor Melo Erse Cyrino
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Ambientais, CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, zip 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Maria Guedes Layme
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Instituto de Biociencias, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, zip 78060-900 Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Wendarlem Galvao Mota
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Agroecologia da Universidade Estadual de Roraima. Rua 7 de Setembro, 231, Bairro Canarinho, zip 68902-280. Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
| | - Wenderson Nunes Santos
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Recursos Naturais, Capitao Ene Garces Avenue, 2413, Universidade Federal de Roraima, zip 69310-000 Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - William Drose
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Goncalves Avenue, 9500, zip 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Williamar Rodrigues Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Nucleo de Pesquisas de Roraima, zip 69080-971 Roraima, Brazil
| | - William E Magnusson
- Coordenacao de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. Andre Araujo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
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3
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Russo NJ, Nshom DL, Ferraz A, Barbier N, Wikelski M, Noonan MJ, Ordway EM, Saatchi S, Smith TB. Three-dimensional vegetation structure drives patterns of seed dispersal by African hornbills. J Anim Ecol 2024. [PMID: 39421883 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) vegetation structure influences animal movements and, consequently, ecosystem functions. Animals disperse the seeds of 60%-90% of trees in tropical rainforests, which are among the most structurally complex ecosystems on Earth. Here, we investigated how 3D rainforest structure influences the movements of large, frugivorous birds and resulting spatial patterns of seed dispersal. We GPS-tracked white-thighed (Bycanistes albotibialis) and black-casqued hornbills (Ceratogymna atrata) in a study area surveyed by light detection and ranging (LiDAR) in southern Cameroon. We found that both species preferred areas of greater canopy height and white-thighed hornbill preferred areas of greater vertical complexity. In addition, 33% of the hornbills preferred areas close to canopy gaps, while 16.7% and 27.8% avoided large and small gaps, respectively. White-thighed hornbills avoided swamp habitats, while black-casqued increased their preference for swamps during the hottest temperatures. We mapped spatial probabilities of seed dispersal by hornbills, showing that 3D structural attributes shape this ecological process by influencing hornbill behaviour. These results provide evidence of a possible feedback loop between rainforest vegetation structure and seed dispersal by animals. Interactions between seed dispersers and vegetation structure described here are essential for understanding ecosystem functions in tropical rainforests and critical for predicting how rainforests respond to anthropogenic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Russo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Docas L Nshom
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Technology, College of Technology, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - António Ferraz
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicolas Barbier
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Michael J Noonan
- Department of Biology, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
- Okanagan Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience and Ecosystem Services, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Math, Physics and Statistics, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elsa M Ordway
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sassan Saatchi
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas B Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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4
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Mouillot D, Velez L, Albouy C, Casajus N, Claudet J, Delbar V, Devillers R, Letessier TB, Loiseau N, Manel S, Mannocci L, Meeuwig J, Mouquet N, Nuno A, O'Connor L, Parravicini V, Renaud J, Seguin R, Troussellier M, Thuiller W. The socioeconomic and environmental niche of protected areas reveals global conservation gaps and opportunities. Nat Commun 2024; 15:9007. [PMID: 39424792 PMCID: PMC11489723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The global network of protected areas has rapidly expanded in the past decade and is expected to cover at least 30% of land and sea by 2030 to halt biodiversity erosion. Yet, the distribution of protected areas is highly heterogeneous on Earth and the social-environmental preconditions enabling or hindering protected area establishment remain poorly understood. Here, using fourteen socioeconomic and environmental factors, we characterize the multidimensional niche of terrestrial and marine protected areas, which we use to accurately establish, at the global scale, whether a particular location has preconditions favourable for paestablishment. We reveal that protected areas, particularly the most restrictive ones, over-aggregate where human development and the number of non-governmental organizations are high. Based on the spatial distribution of vertebrates and the likelihood to convert non-protected areas into strictly protected areas, we identify 'potential' versus 'unrealistic' conservation gains on land and sea, which we define as areas of high vertebrate diversity that are, respectively, favourable and unfavourable to protected area establishment. Where protected areas are unrealistic, alternative strategies such as other effective area-based conservation measures or privately protected areas, could deliver conservation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mouillot
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, IUF, Paris, France.
| | - Laure Velez
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison de l'Océan, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Delbar
- La TeleScop, Maison de la Télédétection, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Tom B Letessier
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
- Marine Futures Laboratory and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences Portland Square B304 Drake Circus, University of Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Manel
- Institut Universitaire de France, IUF, Paris, France
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Univ Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Mannocci
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
- FRB - CESAB, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jessica Meeuwig
- Marine Futures Laboratory and Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Nicolas Mouquet
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
- FRB - CESAB, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Ana Nuno
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Louise O'Connor
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Valeriano Parravicini
- PSL Université Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Julien Renaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Raphael Seguin
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, F-38000, Grenoble, France
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5
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Šigutová H, Pyszko P, Bárta D, Nsor CA, Dolný A. Global changes in the odonate family ratios in response to the tropical forest degradation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174416. [PMID: 38960167 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) can indicate the ecological health of aquatic biota within the rich but vulnerable biodiversity of tropical forests. The reaction of odonates to deforestation can be measured by changes in coarse taxonomic ratios. Suborder Zygoptera are thermal conformers susceptible to overheating, having the affinity with shaded, intact sites. Anisoptera have exothermic regulation and better dispersal capacities, suggesting their association with more altered, open environments. Similarly, with an increasing degradation, the proportion of Anisoptera species in assemblages should increase. However, based on the data from different continents, the Zygoptera/Anisoptera ratio may be too simple, strongly biased, and not applicable at the global scale. The main reason is that the most diverse, abundant, and cosmopolitan families, Coenagrionidae (Zygoptera) and Libellulidae (Anisoptera), comprise a great proportion of habitat generalists with high migratory capacity and affinity with open habitats. In this study, we sampled odonates from three bioregions (Indomalaya, Afrotropics, and Neotropics) over the gradient of tropical forest degradation with a comparable sampling effort to assess the suitability of species richness and suborder-based (Zygoptera/Anisoptera) and family-based (Libellulidae/other Anisoptera and Coenagrionidae/other Zygoptera) ratios and their abundance-weighted versions for monitoring tropical forest degradation. Our results show that simple Odonata as well as Zygoptera and Anisoptera richness are poor indicators of the forest biota alteration. Family-level indices weighted by relative abundance, especially those involving Coenagrionidae, were more sensitive to changes in forest conditions compared to suborder-level indices. Collectively, our results suggest that for biomonitoring, where financial resources and time are commonly critical, family-level ratio metrics may be effective tools to indicate even slight alterations of aquatic biota resulting from forest degradation. Although these indices have the potential for broader application, their effectiveness across tropical bioregions warrants further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Šigutová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 710, 779 00 Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petr Pyszko
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Czechia
| | - Dan Bárta
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Czechia
| | - Collins Ayine Nsor
- Department of Forest Resources Technology, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, 29 Maham-Bla St, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Aleš Dolný
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Czechia.
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6
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Lemke NB, Rollison LN, Tomberlin JK. Sex-Specific Perching: Monitoring of Artificial Plants Reveals Dynamic Female-Biased Perching Behavior in the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). INSECTS 2024; 15:770. [PMID: 39452346 PMCID: PMC11508282 DOI: 10.3390/insects15100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
Artificial perches are implemented by many companies that mass-rear the black soldier fly (BSF), to emulate a natural breeding environment or provide additional surface area for flies to rest; however, basic information about perching behavior is lacking. This experiment tested the effect of adding 0.00, 0.04, 0.26, or 0.34 m2 of surface area to 0.93 m3 cages, each supplied with 90 male and 90 female adults. Female thoraxes marked with acrylic paint, and the number of perching flies of each sex were recorded over 6 d. A time-series analysis revealed the following: (a) females utilized perches 1.42 times more often than males across two trials; (b) especially in the morning where the difference could be as high as 2.56 times as great; (c) this decreased to 0.20-1.57 times more females than males by 1600 h; and (d) this cyclical pattern repeated each day throughout the week with a decreasing female-bias, starting from 2.41-times more females on day 1, which fell to 0.88-1.98-times more females than males on day 6. These dynamics are likely due to the presence of male flies engaging in aerial contests near ultraviolet lamps required for mating, especially during the early hours and early adulthood, aligning with and expanding prior knowledge of black soldier fly mating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah B. Lemke
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 HEEP, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lisa N. Rollison
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 HEEP, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jeffery K. Tomberlin
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 HEEP, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Texas A&M AgriLife, 600 John Kimbrough Blvd #510, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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7
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Vu Q, Pham L, Truong O, Tran S, Bui C, Le M, Dang B, Dinh K. Extreme Temperatures Reduce Copepod Performance and Change the Relative Abundance of Internal Microbiota. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70408. [PMID: 39398636 PMCID: PMC11470155 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Copepods are one of the most abundant invertebrate groups in the seas and oceans and are a significant food source for marine animals. Copepods are also particularly sensitive to elevated temperatures. However, it is relatively unknown how the internal microbiome influences copepod susceptibility to warming. We addressed this fundamental knowledge gap by assessing key life history traits (survival, development, and reproduction) and changes in the internal microbiome in the tropical calanoid copepod Acartia sp. in response to warming (26°C, 30°C, and 34°C). Copepod microbiomes were analyzed using high throughput DNA sequencing of V1-V9 of 16S rRNA hypervariable regions. Copepod performance was better at 30°C than at 26°C, as indicated by faster development, a higher growth rate, and fecundity. However, these parameters strongly decreased at 34°C. We recorded 1,262,987 amplicon sequence reads, corresponding to 392 total operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 97% similarity. Warming did not affect OTU numbers and the biodiversity indices, but it substantially changed the relative abundance of three major phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidota. The thermophilic and opportunistic Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota increased under extreme temperatures (34°C) while Actinobacteria abundance was strongly reduced. Changes in the relative abundance of these bacteria might be related to reduced copepod growth, survival, and reproduction under extreme temperatures. Profiling the functional role of all internal bacterial groups in response to the temperature change will fundamentally advance our mechanistic understanding of the performance of tropical copepods and, more generally, marine invertebrates to a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyen D. H. Vu
- Institute for Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang UniversityNha Trang CityVietnam
| | - Linh P. Pham
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and AquacultureInstitute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang UniversityNha Trang CityVietnam
| | - Oanh T. Truong
- Institute for Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang UniversityNha Trang CityVietnam
| | - Sang Q. Tran
- Institute for Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang UniversityNha Trang CityVietnam
| | - Canh V. Bui
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and AquacultureInstitute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang UniversityNha Trang CityVietnam
| | - Minh‐Hoang Le
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and AquacultureInstitute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang UniversityNha Trang CityVietnam
| | - Binh T. Dang
- Institute for Biotechnology and Environment, Nha Trang UniversityNha Trang CityVietnam
| | - Khuong V. Dinh
- Cam Ranh Centre for Tropical Marine Research and AquacultureInstitute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang UniversityNha Trang CityVietnam
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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8
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Garrett R, Ferreira J, Abramovay R, Brandão J, Brondizio E, Euler A, Pinedo D, Porro R, Cabrera Rocha E, Sampaio O, Schmink M, Torres B, Varese M. Transformative changes are needed to support socio-bioeconomies for people and ecosystems in the Amazon. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:1815-1825. [PMID: 39107371 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Current social-technical and political conditions threaten the integrity of the Amazon biome. Overcoming these lock-ins requires structural transformations away from conventional economies towards 'socio-bioeconomies' (SBEs). SBEs are economies based on the sustainable use and restoration of Amazonian ecosystems, as well as Indigenous and rural livelihood systems in the region. They include sustainable eco-tourism as well as diversified production and innovative processing of fruits, nuts, oils, medicines, fish and other products deriving from socio-biodiversity. Using a sustainability transitions perspective, we argue for multi-scalar policy changes to sustain, enhance and scale-out and scale-up SBE initiatives. To nurture niche SBE acitivities, we advocate for improvements in infrastructure, value chains and social organizations. To dismantle structural barriers, we call for an end to harmful subsidies, greater representation of marginalized communities in territorial planning, enhanced rural-urban and intersectoral linkages, international collaboration, shifts in demand, and changes in conservation and production narratives. Policies for SBEs must also use clear definitions, participatory processes and a multi-biome approach to avoid perverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Garrett
- Department of Geography and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Ricardo Abramovay
- Josué de Castro Chair of the School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joyce Brandão
- Department of Geography and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eduardo Brondizio
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Environment and Society Program (UNICAMP-NEPAM), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Euler
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Danny Pinedo
- Departamento Académico de Antropología, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Emiliano Cabrera Rocha
- Department of Geography and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oscar Sampaio
- Department of Geography and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, Brazil
| | - Marianne Schmink
- Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bolier Torres
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Ecuador
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9
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Xu Y, Jiao J, Wu C, Zhao Z, Ge X, Gao G, Cao Y, Zhou B. Abandonment Leads to Changes in Forest Structural and Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Moso Bamboo Forests. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2301. [PMID: 39204737 PMCID: PMC11359993 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The important role of soil carbon pools in coping with climate change has become widely recognized. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) is an economically important bamboo species in South China; however, owing to factors such as rising labor costs and increasingly stringent environmental policies, Moso bamboo forests have recently been abandoned. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of abandonment on structural factors and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in Moso bamboo forests. We investigated Moso bamboo forests subjected to intensive management or abandonment for different durations and measured forest structural characteristics, mineral properties, soil nutrients, and other soil properties. Although abandonment did not significantly affect the height and diameter at breast height, it increased culm densities, biomass, and SOC stocks. The drivers of SOC stocks depended on soil depth and were mainly controlled by carbon decomposition mediated by soil properties. In the topsoil, mineral protection and soil total nitrogen (TN) exerted significant effects on SOC stocks; in the subsoil, soil TN was the main driver of SOC stocks. As the controlling factors of SOC stocks differed between the subsoil and topsoil, more attention should be paid to the subsoil. Overall, these findings refine our understanding of the structural characteristics and SOC stocks associated with Moso bamboo forest abandonment, serving as a reference for the follow-up management of these forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Xu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Y.X.)
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310022, China
- Qianjiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Jiejie Jiao
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Chuping Wu
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Ziqing Zhao
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Y.X.)
- Qianjiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xiaogai Ge
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Y.X.)
- Qianjiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Y.X.)
- Qianjiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yonghui Cao
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Y.X.)
- Qianjiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Benzhi Zhou
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Y.X.)
- Qianjiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Hangzhou 311400, China
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10
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Boakes EH, Dalin C, Etard A, Newbold T. Impacts of the global food system on terrestrial biodiversity from land use and climate change. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5750. [PMID: 38982053 PMCID: PMC11233703 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The global food system is a key driver of land-use and climate change which in turn drive biodiversity change. Developing sustainable food systems is therefore critical to reversing biodiversity loss. We use the multi-regional input-output model EXIOBASE to estimate the biodiversity impacts embedded within the global food system in 2011. Using models that capture regional variation in the sensitivity of biodiversity both to land use and climate change, we calculate the land-driven and greenhouse gas-driven footprints of food using two metrics of biodiversity: local species richness and rarity-weighted species richness. We show that the footprint of land area underestimates biodiversity impact in more species-rich regions and that our metric of rarity-weighted richness places a greater emphasis on biodiversity costs in Central and South America. We find that methane emissions are responsible for 70% of the overall greenhouse gas-driven biodiversity footprint and that, in several regions, emissions from a single year's food production are associated with global biodiversity loss equivalent to 2% or more of that region's total land-driven biodiversity loss. The measures we present are relatively simple to calculate and could be incorporated into decision-making and environmental impact assessments by governments and businesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Boakes
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK.
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London, UK.
| | - Carole Dalin
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London, UK
- Laboratoire de Géologie de L'École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UMR8538 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Adrienne Etard
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Tim Newbold
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
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11
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Saranholi BH, França FM, Vogler AP, Barlow J, Vaz de Mello FZ, Maldaner ME, Carvalho E, Gestich CC, Howes B, Banks-Leite C, Galetti PM. Testing and optimizing metabarcoding of iDNA from dung beetles to sample mammals in the hyperdiverse Neotropics. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13961. [PMID: 38646932 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few years, insects have been used as samplers of vertebrate diversity by assessing the ingested-derived DNA (iDNA), and dung beetles have been shown to be a good mammal sampler given their broad feeding preference, wide distribution and easy sampling. Here, we tested and optimized the use of iDNA from dung beetles to assess the mammal community by evaluating if some biological and methodological aspects affect the use of dung beetles as mammal species samplers. We collected 403 dung beetles from 60 pitfall traps. iDNA from each dung beetle was sequenced by metabarcoding using two mini-barcodes (12SrRNA and 16SrRNA). We assessed whether dung beetles with different traits related to feeding, nesting and body size differed in the number of mammal species found in their iDNA. We also tested differences among four killing solutions in preserving the iDNA and compared the effectiveness of each mini barcode to recover mammals. We identified a total of 50 mammal OTUs (operational taxonomic unit), including terrestrial and arboreal species from 10 different orders. We found that at least one mammal-matching sequence was obtained from 70% of the dung beetle specimens. The number of mammal OTUs obtained did not vary with dung beetle traits as well as between the killing solutions. The 16SrRNA mini-barcode recovered a higher number of mammal OTUs than 12SrRNA, although both sets were partly non-overlapping. Thus, the complete mammal diversity may not be achieved by using only one of them. This study refines the methodology for routine assessment of tropical mammal communities via dung beetle 'samplers' and its universal applicability independently of the species traits of local beetle communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno H Saranholi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Filipe M França
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Alfried P Vogler
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Fernando Z Vaz de Mello
- Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Biociências, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Maria E Maldaner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade (PPGECB), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Edrielly Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Carla C Gestich
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Benjamin Howes
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | | | - Pedro M Galetti
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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12
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Bayala ERC. Stakeholder Perceptions on Landscape Governance in Northern Ghana: A Q-Study to Identify Common Concern Entry Points for Integrated Landscape Approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 74:31-51. [PMID: 37777599 PMCID: PMC11208230 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
In a landscape, perceptions can influence people's actions and behavior toward natural resource use. Improving landscape governance, therefore, requires understanding the different concerns of stakeholders operating within the landscape. This paper analyzes the perceptions of local stakeholders-local landscape users, practitioners engaged in conservation and sustainable resource use, and private actors-regarding the landscape governance system, using the Q-methodology to identify common concern entry points for the implementation of a landscape approach in the Western Wildlife Corridor (WWC) in northern Ghana. To this end, individual interviews and focus groups were conducted with local communities and organizations operating in three Community Resource Management Areas (CREMAs). They identified destructive livelihood activities, constrained livelihoods, and a weak governance system as the main challenges, and the need to balance livelihoods with conservation, strengthening landscape governance through the CREMA initiative, and awareness raising as the main solutions. Thus, the Q-method allowed identifying common concern entry points regarding landscape challenges, governance issues, and potential solutions. I argue that consensus among stakeholders regarding these challenges and solutions could lay the groundwork for a multi-stakeholder process in the area, which could help foster the implementation of an integrated landscape approach in the WWC landscape. It is crucial to support the livelihoods of local people to reduce pressures on natural resources. It is also important to strengthen the functioning of local CREMA management bodies with technical, logistical, and financial support. Implementing a participatory monitoring and evaluation mechanism is critical in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rega Christophe Bayala
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR) / Department of Geography, Planning and International Development Studies, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia.
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13
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Walker AEL, Robertson MP, Eggleton P, Fisher AM, Parr CL. Functional compensation in a savanna scavenger community. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:812-822. [PMID: 38596843 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Functional redundancy, the potential for the functional role of one species to be fulfilled by another, is a key determinant of ecosystem viability. Scavenging transfers huge amount of energy through ecosystems and is, therefore, crucial for ecosystem viability and healthy ecosystem functioning. Despite this, relatively few studies have examined functional redundancy in scavenger communities. Moreover, the results of these studies are mixed and confined to a very limited range of habitat types and taxonomic groups. This study attempts to address this knowledge gap by conducting a field experiment in an undisturbed natural environment assessing functional roles and redundancy in vertebrate and invertebrate scavenging communities in a South African savanna. We used a large-scale field experiment to suppress ants in four 1 ha plots in a South African savanna and paired each with a control plot. We distributed three types of small food bait: carbohydrate, protein and seed, across the plots and excluded vertebrates from half the baits using cages. Using this combination of ant suppression and vertebrate exclusion, allowed us explore the contribution of non-ant invertebrates, ants and vertebrates in scavenging and also to determine whether either ants or vertebrates were able to compensate for the loss of one another. In this study, we found the invertebrate community carried out a larger proportion of overall scavenging services than vertebrates. Moreover, although scavenging was reduced when either invertebrates or vertebrates were absent, the presence of invertebrates better mitigated the functional loss of vertebrates than did the presence of vertebrates against the functional loss of invertebrates. There is a commonly held assumption that the functional role of vertebrate scavengers exceeds that of invertebrate scavengers; our results suggest that this is not true for small scavenging resources. Our study highlights the importance of invertebrates for securing healthy ecosystem functioning both now and into the future. We also build upon many previous studies which show that ants can have particularly large effects on ecosystem functioning. Importantly, our study suggests that scavenging in some ecosystems may be partly resilient to changes in the scavenging community, due to the potential for functional compensation by vertebrates and ants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E L Walker
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark P Robertson
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Paul Eggleton
- Soil Biodiversity Group, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Adam M Fisher
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Catherine L Parr
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa
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14
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Mellin C, Brown S, Cantin N, Klein-Salas E, Mouillot D, Heron SF, Fordham DA. Cumulative risk of future bleaching for the world's coral reefs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn9660. [PMID: 38924396 PMCID: PMC11204209 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn9660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal patterns of future coral bleaching are uncertain, hampering global conservation efforts to protect coral reefs against climate change. Our analysis of daily projections of ocean warming establishes the severity, annual duration, and onset of severe bleaching risk for global coral reefs this century, pinpointing vital climatic refugia. We show that low-latitude coral regions are most vulnerable to thermal stress and will experience little reprieve from climate mitigation. By 2080, coral bleaching is likely to start on most reefs in spring, rather than late summer, with year-round bleaching risk anticipated to be high for some low-latitude reefs regardless of global efforts to mitigate harmful greenhouse gasses. By identifying Earth's reef regions that are at lowest risk of accelerated bleaching, our results will prioritize efforts to limit future loss of coral reef biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Mellin
- The Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Stuart Brown
- The Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Neal Cantin
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, IUF, Paris 75231, France
| | - Scott F. Heron
- Physics and Marine Geophysical Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Damien A. Fordham
- The Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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15
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Dragonetti C, Daskalova G, Di Marco M. The exposure of the world's mountains to global change drivers. iScience 2024; 27:109734. [PMID: 38689645 PMCID: PMC11059124 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Global change affects mountain areas at different levels, with some mountains being more exposed to change in climate or environmental conditions and others acting as local refugia. We quantified the exposure of the world's mountains to three drivers of change, climate, land use, and human population density, using two spatial-temporal metrics (velocity and magnitude of change). We estimated the acceleration of change for these drivers by comparing past (1975-2005) vs. future (2020-2050) exposure, and we also compared exposure in lowlands vs. mountains. We found Africa's tropical mountains facing the highest future exposure to multiple drivers of change, thus requiring targeted adaptation and mitigation strategies to preserve biodiversity. European and North America's mountains, in contrast, experience more limited exposure to global change and could act as local refugia for biodiversity. This knowledge can be used to prioritize local-scale interventions and planning long-term monitoring to reduce the risks faced by mountain biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Dragonetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, viale dell'Università 32, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gergana Daskalova
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schloßpl. 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, viale dell'Università 32, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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16
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Séguigne M, Leroy C, Carrias JF, Corbara B, Lafont Rapnouil T, Céréghino R. Interactive effects of drought and deforestation on multitrophic communities and aquatic ecosystem functions in the Neotropics-a test using tank bromeliads. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17346. [PMID: 38737739 PMCID: PMC11088369 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Together with the intensification of dry seasons in Neotropical regions, increasing deforestation is expected to exacerbate species extinctions, something that could lead to dramatic shifts in multitrophic communities and ecosystem functions. Recent studies suggest that the effects of habitat loss are greater where precipitation has decreased. Yet, experimental studies of the pure and interactive effects of drought and deforestation at ecosystem level remain scarce. Methods Here, we used rainshelters and transplantation from rainforest to open areas of natural microcosms (the aquatic ecosystem and microbial-faunal food web found within the rainwater-filled leaves of tank bromeliads) to emulate drought and deforestation in a full factorial experimental design. We analysed the pure and interactive effects of our treatments on functional community structure (including microorganisms, detritivore and predatory invertebrates), and on leaf litter decomposition in tank bromeliad ecosystems. Results Drought or deforestation alone had a moderate impact on biomass at the various trophic level, but did not eliminate species. However, their interaction synergistically reduced the biomass of all invertebrate functional groups and bacteria. Predators were the most impacted trophic group as they were totally eliminated, while detritivore biomass was reduced by about 95%. Fungal biomass was either unaffected or boosted by our treatments. Decomposition was essentially driven by microbial activity, and did not change across treatments involving deforestation and/or drought. Conclusions Our results suggest that highly resistant microorganisms such as fungi (plus a few detritivores) maintain key ecosystem functions in the face of drought and habitat change. We conclude that habitat destruction compounds the problems of climate change, that the impacts of the two phenomena on food webs are mutually reinforcing, and that the stability of ecosystem functions depends on the resistance of a core group of organisms. Assuming that taking global action is more challenging than taking local-regional actions, policy-makers should be encouraged to implement environmental action plans that will halt habitat destruction, to dampen any detrimental interactive effect with the impacts of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Séguigne
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l’Environnement (CRBE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3—Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Leroy
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Campus agronomique, Kourou, France
| | - Jean-François Carrias
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Corbara
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tristan Lafont Rapnouil
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l’Environnement (CRBE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3—Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Campus agronomique, Kourou, France
| | - Régis Céréghino
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l’Environnement (CRBE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3—Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
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17
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Robinson JPW, Benkwitt CE, Maire E, Morais R, Schiettekatte NMD, Skinner C, Brandl SJ. Quantifying energy and nutrient fluxes in coral reef food webs. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:467-478. [PMID: 38105132 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The movement of energy and nutrients through ecological communities represents the biological 'pulse' underpinning ecosystem functioning and services. However, energy and nutrient fluxes are inherently difficult to observe, particularly in high-diversity systems such as coral reefs. We review advances in the quantification of fluxes in coral reef fishes, focusing on four key frameworks: demographic modelling, bioenergetics, micronutrients, and compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA). Each framework can be integrated with underwater surveys, enabling researchers to scale organismal processes to ecosystem properties. This has revealed how small fish support biomass turnover, pelagic subsidies sustain fisheries, and fisheries benefit human health. Combining frameworks, closing data gaps, and expansion to other aquatic ecosystems can advance understanding of how fishes contribute to ecosystem functions and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P W Robinson
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | | | - Eva Maire
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Renato Morais
- Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, École Pratique des Hautes Études, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Perpignan 66860, France
| | | | - Christina Skinner
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon J Brandl
- Department of Marine Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
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18
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Antoine PO, Wieringa LN, Adnet S, Aguilera O, Bodin SC, Cairns S, Conejeros-Vargas CA, Cornée JJ, Ežerinskis Ž, Fietzke J, Gribenski NO, Grouard S, Hendy A, Hoorn C, Joannes-Boyau R, Langer MR, Luque J, Marivaux L, Moissette P, Nooren K, Quillévéré F, Šapolaitė J, Sciumbata M, Valla PG, Witteveen NH, Casanova A, Clavier S, Bidgrain P, Gallay M, Rhoné M, Heuret A. A Late Pleistocene coastal ecosystem in French Guiana was hyperdiverse relative to today. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311597121. [PMID: 38527199 PMCID: PMC10998618 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311597121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Warmer temperatures and higher sea level than today characterized the Last Interglacial interval [Pleistocene, 128 to 116 thousand years ago (ka)]. This period is a remarkable deep-time analog for temperature and sea-level conditions as projected for 2100 AD, yet there has been no evidence of fossil assemblages in the equatorial Atlantic. Here, we report foraminifer, metazoan (mollusks, bony fish, bryozoans, decapods, and sharks among others), and plant communities of coastal tropical marine and mangrove affinities, dating precisely from a ca. 130 to 115 ka time interval near the Equator, at Kourou, in French Guiana. These communities include ca. 230 recent species, some being endangered today and/or first recorded as fossils. The hyperdiverse Kourou mollusk assemblage suggests stronger affinities between Guianese and Caribbean coastal waters by the Last Interglacial than today, questioning the structuring role of the Amazon Plume on tropical Western Atlantic communities at the time. Grassland-dominated pollen, phytoliths, and charcoals from younger deposits in the same sections attest to a marine retreat and dryer conditions during the onset of the last glacial (ca. 110 to 50 ka), with a savanna-dominated landscape and episodes of fire. Charcoals from the last millennia suggest human presence in a mosaic of modern-like continental habitats. Our results provide key information about the ecology and biogeography of pristine Pleistocene tropical coastal ecosystems, especially relevant regarding the-widely anthropogenic-ongoing global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Antoine
- Equipe de Paléontologie, Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier34095, France
| | - Linde N. Wieringa
- Equipe de Paléontologie, Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier34095, France
| | - Sylvain Adnet
- Equipe de Paléontologie, Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier34095, France
| | - Orangel Aguilera
- Paleoecology and Global Changes Laboratory, Marine Biology Department, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-201, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stéphanie C. Bodin
- Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main60325, Germany
| | - Stephen Cairns
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C.20013-7012
| | - Carlos A. Conejeros-Vargas
- Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México04510, México
| | - Jean-Jacques Cornée
- Equipe Dynamique de la Lithosphère, Géosciences Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier34095, France
| | - Žilvinas Ežerinskis
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius10257, Lithuania
| | - Jan Fietzke
- Geomar, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel24148, Germany
| | - Natacha O. Gribenski
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern3012, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Grouard
- Archéozoologie et Archéobotanique—Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements, CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris75005, France
| | - Austin Hendy
- Invertebrate Paleontology Department, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA90007
| | - Carina Hoorn
- Ecosystem & Landscape Dynamics Department, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Renaud Joannes-Boyau
- Geoarchaeology and Archaeometry Research Group, Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, East Lismore, NSW2480, Australia
- Centre for Anthropological Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg2092, South Africa
| | - Martin R. Langer
- Arbeitsgruppe Mikropaläontologie, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Paläontologie, Universität Bonn, Bonn53115, Germany
| | - Javier Luque
- Department of Zoology, Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Marivaux
- Equipe de Paléontologie, Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier34095, France
| | - Pierre Moissette
- Department of Historical Geology-Paleontology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens15784, Greece
| | - Kees Nooren
- Ecosystem & Landscape Dynamics Department, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Quillévéré
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, VilleurbanneF-69622, France
| | - Justina Šapolaitė
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius10257, Lithuania
| | - Matteo Sciumbata
- Ecosystem & Landscape Dynamics Department, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam1098 XH, The Netherlands
- Section Systems Ecology, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre G. Valla
- Equipe Tectonique, Reliefs et Bassins, Institut des Sciences de la Terre, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Université Gustave Eiffel, Grenoble38058, France
| | - Nina H. Witteveen
- Ecosystem & Landscape Dynamics Department, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Casanova
- Département Formation et Recherche Sciences et Technologie, Université de Guyane, Cayenne97300, Guyane
| | | | - Philibert Bidgrain
- Département Formation et Recherche Sciences et Technologie, Université de Guyane, Cayenne97300, Guyane
| | | | | | - Arnauld Heuret
- Equipe Dynamique de la Lithosphère, Géosciences Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier34095, France
- Département Formation et Recherche Sciences et Technologie, Université de Guyane, Cayenne97300, Guyane
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19
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Edwards JD, Krichels AH, Seyfried GS, Dalling J, Kent AD, Yang WH. Soil microbial community response to ectomycorrhizal dominance in diverse neotropical montane forests. MYCORRHIZA 2024; 34:95-105. [PMID: 38183463 PMCID: PMC10998807 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (EM) associations can promote the dominance of tree species in otherwise diverse tropical forests. These EM associations between trees and their fungal mutualists have important consequences for soil organic matter cycling, yet the influence of these EM-associated effects on surrounding microbial communities is not well known, particularly in neotropical forests. We examined fungal and prokaryotic community composition in surface soil samples from mixed arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) stands as well as stands dominated by EM-associated Oreomunnea mexicana (Juglandaceae) in four watersheds differing in soil fertility in the Fortuna Forest Reserve, Panama. We hypothesized that EM-dominated stands would support distinct microbial community assemblages relative to the mixed AM-EM stands due to differences in carbon and nitrogen cycling associated with the dominance of EM trees. We expected that this microbiome selection in EM-dominated stands would lead to lower overall microbial community diversity and turnover, with tighter correspondence between general fungal and prokaryotic communities. We measured fungal and prokaryotic community composition via high-throughput Illumina sequencing of the ITS2 (fungi) and 16S rRNA (prokaryotic) gene regions. We analyzed differences in alpha and beta diversity between forest stands associated with different mycorrhizal types, as well as the relative abundance of fungal functional groups and various microbial taxa. We found that fungal and prokaryotic community composition differed based on stand mycorrhizal type. There was lower prokaryotic diversity and lower relative abundance of fungal saprotrophs and pathogens in EM-dominated than AM-EM mixed stands. However, contrary to our prediction, there was lower homogeneity for fungal communities in EM-dominated stands compared to mixed AM-EM stands. Overall, we demonstrate that EM-dominated tropical forest stands have distinct soil microbiomes relative to surrounding diverse forests, suggesting that EM fungi may filter microbial functional groups in ways that could potentially influence plant performance or ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Edwards
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Alexander H Krichels
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Albuquerque, NM, 87102, USA
| | - Georgia S Seyfried
- Department of Forest Ecology and Resource Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - James Dalling
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Angela D Kent
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Wendy H Yang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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20
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Klein SG, Roch C, Duarte CM. Systematic review of the uncertainty of coral reef futures under climate change. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2224. [PMID: 38472196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change impact syntheses, such as those by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, consistently assert that limiting global warming to 1.5 °C is unlikely to safeguard most of the world's coral reefs. This prognosis is primarily based on a small subset of available models that apply similar 'excess heat' threshold methodologies. Our systematic review of 79 articles projecting coral reef responses to climate change revealed five main methods. 'Excess heat' models constituted one third (32%) of all studies but attracted a disproportionate share (68%) of citations in the field. Most methods relied on deterministic cause-and-effect rules rather than probabilistic relationships, impeding the field's ability to estimate uncertainty. To synthesize the available projections, we aimed to identify models with comparable outputs. However, divergent choices in model outputs and scenarios limited the analysis to a fraction of available studies. We found substantial discrepancies in the projected impacts, indicating that the subset of articles serving as a basis for climate change syntheses may project more severe consequences than other studies and methodologies. Drawing on insights from other fields, we propose methods to incorporate uncertainty into deterministic modeling approaches and propose a multi-model ensemble approach to generating probabilistic projections for coral reef futures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon G Klein
- Marine Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Cassandra Roch
- Marine Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Marine Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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21
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Outhwaite CL. Under the hood of trends in riverine fish. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:364-365. [PMID: 38291152 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Outhwaite
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, University College London, London, UK.
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22
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Assie AF, Arimoro FO, Ndatimana G, Keke UN, Ayanwale AV, Edia EO, Edegbene AO. Development of a macroinvertebrate-based biotic index to assess water quality of rivers in Niger State, North Central Ecoregion of Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:230. [PMID: 38305996 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The increasing pollution of lotic ecosystems in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Nigeria, poses a threat to water quality, public health and biodiversity. It is therefore essential to develop appropriate tools and methods for monitoring these rivers, particularly in heavily affected areas, where these water resources are vital to the surrounding communities that are heavily dependent on them. To fill this gap, we propose to develop a multimetric index based on macroinvertebrates for the assessment of ecological quality of rivers in Niger State (NSRBI). Eighty-eight metrics were evaluated through a step-by-step statistical process (namely, range test and stability, redundancy test and relationship with abiotic variables), in which metrics that did not meet the conditions were excluded. At the end of this process, only four metrics (%Hemiptera, Diptera richness, Pielou equitability and % of very large individuals (size > 40 mm)) fulfilling all criteria were included in the index. These metrics were then scored on a continuous scale and divided into four water quality classes: "very poor", "poor", "fair" and "good". Evaluation of the performance of the index on test sites showed a correspondence of 90% between index result and environmental-based classification. Therefore, the NSRBI could be a valuable tool for monitoring and assessing the ecological conditions of rivers in Niger State and the North Central Nigeria ecoregion predominantly in urban and agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attobla Fulbert Assie
- Applied Hydrobiology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, Niger State, Minna, PMB 65, 920101, Nigeria.
| | - Francis O Arimoro
- Applied Hydrobiology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, Niger State, Minna, PMB 65, 920101, Nigeria
| | - Gilbert Ndatimana
- Applied Hydrobiology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, Niger State, Minna, PMB 65, 920101, Nigeria
- Center of Excellence in Biodiversity and Natural Resources Management, University of Rwanda, P.O Box: 512, Butare, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Unique N Keke
- Applied Hydrobiology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, Niger State, Minna, PMB 65, 920101, Nigeria
| | - Adesola V Ayanwale
- Applied Hydrobiology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology, Niger State, Minna, PMB 65, 920101, Nigeria
| | - Edia O Edia
- Laboratory of Environment and Aquatic Biology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Management, University Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan 02, Lagunes, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Augustine O Edegbene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State, 972261, Nigeria
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23
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Avilés JM. The evolutionary ecology of bird-ant interactions: a pervasive but under-studied connection. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232023. [PMID: 38166423 PMCID: PMC10762437 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Birds and ants are among the most ubiquitous taxa co-occurring in terrestrial ecosystems, but how they mutually interact is almost unknown. Here, the main features of this neglected interaction are synthetized in a systematic literature review. Interaction with ants has been recorded in 1122 bird species (11.2% of extant species) belonging to 131 families widely distributed across the globe and the avian phylogeny. On the other hand, 47 genus of ants (14.4% of extant genus) belonging to eight subfamilies interact with birds. Interactions include competition, antagonism (either ant-bird mutual predation or parasitism) and living together commensally or mutualistically. Competition (48.9%) and antagonism (36.1%) were the most common reported interactions. The potential for engaging in commensalism and competition with ants has a phylogenetic structure in birds and was present in the birds' ancestor. Interaction is better studied in the tropics, in where the network is less dense and more nested than in temperate or arid biomes. This review demonstrates that ant-bird interactions are a pervasive phenomenon across ecological domains, playing a key role in ecosystem function. Future studies need to combine sensible experimentation within anthropogenic disturbance gradients in order to achieve a better understanding of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M. Avilés
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, EEZA-CSIC, Almería E-04120, Spain
- Unidad Asociada (CSIC-UNEX): Ecología en el Antropoceno, Badajoz E-06006, Spain
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24
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Ng JSC, Chervier C, Carmenta R, Samdin Z, Azhar B, Karsenty A. Balancing Ambitions and Realities: Stakeholder Perspectives on Jurisdictional Approach Outcomes in Sabah's Forests. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 73:259-273. [PMID: 37667018 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The jurisdictional approach concept emerged in response to the widespread failure of sectoral forest conservation projects. Despite its increasing popularity, understanding jurisdictional approach outcomes is challenging, given that many remain in either the formation or implementation stage. Furthermore, diverse stakeholders hold different perspectives on what exactly a jurisdictional approach is intended to pursue. These different perspectives are important to unravel, as having a shared understanding of the outcomes is important to build the critical support needed for it. This study aims to add to the limited evidence with a case study in Sabah, Malaysia, which is committed to addressing a leading deforestation driver (palm oil) through sustainability certification in a jurisdiction. We used Q-methodology to explore stakeholder perceptions, revealing three distinct perspectives regarding what outcomes jurisdictional approaches should pursue. We asked about outcomes achievable within ten years (2022-2032) and considering real-world constraints. We found different perspectives regarding economic, environmental, governance, and smallholders' welfare outcomes. However, we found consensus among stakeholders about some outcomes: (i) that achieving zero-deforestation is untenable, (ii) that issuing compensation or incentives to private land owners to not convert forests into plantations is unrealistic, (iii) that the human well-being of plantation workers could improve through better welfare, and (iv) the free, prior and informed consent given by local communities being required legally. The findings offer insights into key stakeholders' perceptions of the deliverables of jurisdictional approaches and the difficulty of achieving its objectives under real-world constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Su Chen Ng
- University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- ABIES Doctoral School, AgroParisTech, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Colas Chervier
- Centre de Coop´eration Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le D´eveloppement (CIRAD), UR Forests and Societies, Environnements et Soci´et´es, Montpellier, France
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Rachel Carmenta
- School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Zaiton Samdin
- University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Badrul Azhar
- University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alain Karsenty
- Centre de Coop´eration Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le D´eveloppement (CIRAD), UMR SENS, Montpellier, France
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25
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Mungi NA, Jhala YV, Qureshi Q, le Roux E, Svenning JC. Megaherbivores provide biotic resistance against alien plant dominance. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1645-1653. [PMID: 37652995 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
While human-driven biological invasions are rapidly spreading, finding scalable and effective control methods poses an unresolved challenge. Here, we assess whether megaherbivores-herbivores reaching ≥1,000 kg of body mass-offer a nature-based solution to plant invasions. Invasive plants are generally adapted to maximize vegetative growth. Megaherbivores, with broad dietary tolerances, could remove large biomass of established plants, facilitating new plant growth. We used a massive dataset obtained from 26,838 camera stations and 158,979 vegetation plots to assess the relationships between megaherbivores, native plants and alien plants across India (~121,330 km2). We found a positive relationship between megaherbivore abundance and native plant richness and abundance, and a concomitant reduction in alien plant abundance. This relationship was strongest in protected areas with midproductive ecosystem and high megaherbivore density but it was lost in areas where thicket-forming alien plants predominated (>40% cover). By incorporating the role of ecosystem productivity, plants traits and densities of megaherbivores on megaherbivore-vegetation relationships, our study highlights a function of megaherbivores in controlling alien plant proliferation and facilitating diverse native plants in invaded ecosystems. The study shows great potential for megafauna-based trophic rewilding as a nature-based solution to counteract dominance of plant invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninad Avinash Mungi
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India.
| | | | | | - Elizabeth le Roux
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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26
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Sayers CJ, Evers DC, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Adams E, Vega CM, Pisconte JN, Tejeda V, Regan K, Lane OP, Ash AA, Cal R, Reneau S, Martínez W, Welch G, Hartwell K, Teul M, Tzul D, Arendt WJ, Tórrez MA, Watsa M, Erkenswick G, Moore CE, Gerson J, Sánchez V, Purizaca RP, Yurek H, Burton MEH, Shrum PL, Tabares-Segovia S, Vargas K, Fogarty FF, Charette MR, Martínez AE, Bernhardt ES, Taylor RJ, Tear TH, Fernandez LE. Mercury in Neotropical birds: a synthesis and prospectus on 13 years of exposure data. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:1096-1123. [PMID: 37907784 PMCID: PMC10622370 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental mercury (Hg) contamination of the global tropics outpaces our understanding of its consequences for biodiversity. Knowledge gaps of pollution exposure could obscure conservation threats in the Neotropics: a region that supports over half of the world's species, but faces ongoing land-use change and Hg emission via artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM). Due to their global distribution and sensitivity to pollution, birds provide a valuable opportunity as bioindicators to assess how accelerating Hg emissions impact an ecosystem's ability to support biodiversity, and ultimately, global health. We present the largest database on Neotropical bird Hg concentrations (n = 2316) and establish exposure baselines for 322 bird species spanning nine countries across Central America, South America, and the West Indies. Patterns of avian Hg exposure in the Neotropics broadly align with those in temperate regions: consistent bioaccumulation across functional groups and high spatiotemporal variation. Bird species occupying higher trophic positions and aquatic habitats exhibited elevated Hg concentrations that have been previously associated with reductions in reproductive success. Notably, bird Hg concentrations were over four times higher at sites impacted by ASGM activities and differed by season for certain trophic niches. We developed this synthesis via a collaborative research network, the Tropical Research for Avian Conservation and Ecotoxicology (TRACE) Initiative, which exemplifies inclusive, equitable, and international data-sharing. While our findings signal an urgent need to assess sampling biases, mechanisms, and consequences of Hg exposure to tropical avian communities, the TRACE Initiative provides a meaningful framework to achieve such goals. Ultimately, our collective efforts support and inform local, scientific, and government entities, including Parties of the United Nations Minamata Convention on Mercury, as we continue working together to understand how Hg pollution impacts biodiversity conservation, ecosystem function, and public health in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Sayers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA.
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, 17000, Peru.
| | - David C Evers
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | | | - Evan Adams
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Claudia M Vega
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, 17000, Peru
- Department of Biology, Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Jessica N Pisconte
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, 17000, Peru
| | - Vania Tejeda
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, 17000, Peru
| | - Kevin Regan
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Oksana P Lane
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Abidas A Ash
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Belize, Price Center Road, P.O. Box 340, Belmopan, Cayo District, Belize
| | - Reynold Cal
- Foundation for Wildlife Conservation, Tropical Education Center, 28 George Price Highway, P.O. Box 368, La Democracia, Belize District, Belize
| | - Stevan Reneau
- Foundation for Wildlife Conservation, Tropical Education Center, 28 George Price Highway, P.O. Box 368, La Democracia, Belize District, Belize
| | - Wilber Martínez
- Foundation for Wildlife Conservation, Tropical Education Center, 28 George Price Highway, P.O. Box 368, La Democracia, Belize District, Belize
| | - Gilroy Welch
- Foundation for Wildlife Conservation, Tropical Education Center, 28 George Price Highway, P.O. Box 368, La Democracia, Belize District, Belize
| | - Kayla Hartwell
- Foundation for Wildlife Conservation, Tropical Education Center, 28 George Price Highway, P.O. Box 368, La Democracia, Belize District, Belize
| | - Mario Teul
- Foundation for Wildlife Conservation, Tropical Education Center, 28 George Price Highway, P.O. Box 368, La Democracia, Belize District, Belize
| | - David Tzul
- Foundation for Wildlife Conservation, Tropical Education Center, 28 George Price Highway, P.O. Box 368, La Democracia, Belize District, Belize
| | - Wayne J Arendt
- International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Jardín Botánico Sur, San Juan, 00926-1119, Puerto Rico
| | - Marvin A Tórrez
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Centroamericana, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Mrinalini Watsa
- Beckman Center for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, P.O. Box 120551, San Diego, CA, 92112, USA
- Field Projects International, Escondido, CA, 92029, USA
| | | | - Caroline E Moore
- Beckman Center for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, P.O. Box 120551, San Diego, CA, 92112, USA
| | - Jacqueline Gerson
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Victor Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ecología y Conservación, Trujillo, Peru
| | - Raúl Pérez Purizaca
- Universidad Nacional de Piura, Urb. Miraflores S/N, Castilla, 20002, Piura, Peru
| | - Helen Yurek
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Mark E H Burton
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Peggy L Shrum
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Biology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | | | - Korik Vargas
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Finola F Fogarty
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Toucan Ridge Ecology and Education Society, 27.5 Miles Hummingbird Hwy, Stann Creek, Belize
| | - Mathieu R Charette
- Toucan Ridge Ecology and Education Society, 27.5 Miles Hummingbird Hwy, Stann Creek, Belize
| | - Ari E Martínez
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | | | - Robert J Taylor
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Timothy H Tear
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Luis E Fernandez
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, 17000, Peru
- Department of Biology, Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106, USA
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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27
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Boron V, Deere NJ, Hyde M, Bardales R, Stasiukynas D, Payán E. Habitat modification destabilizes spatial associations and persistence of Neotropical carnivores. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3722-3731.e4. [PMID: 37625415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Spatial relationships between sympatric species underpin biotic interactions, structure ecological communities, and maintain ecosystem health. However, the resilience of interspecific spatial associations to human habitat modification remains largely unknown, particularly in tropical regions where anthropogenic impacts are often greatest. We applied multi-state multi-species occurrence models to camera trap data across nine tropical landscapes in Colombia to understand how prominent threats to forest ecosystems influence Neotropical carnivore occurrence and interspecific spatial associations, with implications for biotic interactions. We show that carnivore occurrence represents a delicate balance between local environmental conditions and interspecific interactions that can be compromised in areas of extensive habitat modification. The stability of carnivore spatial associations depends on forest cover to mediate antagonistic encounters with apex predators and structurally intact forests to facilitate coexistence between competing mesocarnivores. Notably, we demonstrate that jaguars play an irreplaceable role in spatially structuring mesocarnivore communities, providing novel evidence on their role as keystone species. With increasing global change, conserving both the extent and quality of tropical forests is imperative to support carnivores and preserve the spatial associations that underpin ecosystem stability and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Boron
- Panthera, 8W 40th Street, New York 10018, USA; World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), The Living Planet Centre, Rufford House, Brewery Road, Woking, Surrey GU21 4LL, UK.
| | - Nicolas J Deere
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK.
| | - Matthew Hyde
- Panthera, 8W 40th Street, New York 10018, USA; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Center for Human-Carnivore Coexistence, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | | | - Esteban Payán
- Panthera, 8W 40th Street, New York 10018, USA; Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York 10460, USA
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28
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Zhang F, Wang H, Alatalo JM, Bai Y, Fang Z, Liu G, Yang Y, Zhi Y, Yang S. Spatial heterogeneity analysis of matching degree between endangered plant diversity and ecosystem services in Xishuangbanna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:96891-96905. [PMID: 37584796 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity and ecosystem services (ESs) are closely linked. Human activities have caused critical damage to the habitat and ecosystem function of organisms, leading to decline in global biodiversity and ecosystem services. To ensure sustainable development of local ecological environments, it is critical to analyze the spatial matching degree of biodiversity and ESs and identify ecologically vulnerable areas. Taking Xishuangbanna, southern China, as an example, we constructed a pixel-scale matching degree index to analyze the spatial matching degree of endangered plant diversity (EPD) and four ESs and classified the matching degree into low-low, low-high, high-low, and high-high four types. The results revealed a mismatch relationship of EPD and ESs in more than 70% of areas. Under the influence of altitude and land use/land cover (LULC) type, the matching degree of EPD and ESs showed obvious spatial heterogeneity. In low-altitude areas in the south of Xishuangbanna, EPD and ESs mainly showed mismatch, while high-altitude areas in the west had a better match. Natural forest was the main land cover in which EPD and ESs showed high-high match and its areal proportion was much larger than that of rubber plantation, tea plantation, and cropland. Our findings also stress the need to concentrate conservation efforts on areas exhibiting a low-low match relationship, indicative of potential ecological vulnerability. The pixel-scale spatial matching degree analysis framework developed in this study for EPD and ESs provides high-resolution maps with 30 m × 30 m pixel size, which can support the implementation of ecological protection measures and policy formulation, and has a wide range of applicability. This study provides valuable insights for the sustainable management of biodiversity and ESs, contributing to the strengthening of local ecological environment protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Research Institute of Management Science, Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Center for Integrative Conservation & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resource and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Research Institute of Management Science, Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resource and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Juha M Alatalo
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O.Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yang Bai
- Center for Integrative Conservation & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Southeast Asia Biodiversity Conservation, Menglun, 666303, China.
| | - Zhou Fang
- Research Institute of Management Science, Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resource and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Economics and Management, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Research Institute of Management Science, Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Yanling Zhi
- Research Institute of Management Science, Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resource and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Shiliang Yang
- Research Institute of Management Science, Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resource and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Carvalho RL, Resende AF, Barlow J, França FM, Moura MR, Maciel R, Alves-Martins F, Shutt J, Nunes CA, Elias F, Silveira JM, Stegmann L, Baccaro FB, Juen L, Schietti J, Aragão L, Berenguer E, Castello L, Costa FRC, Guedes ML, Leal CG, Lees AC, Isaac V, Nascimento RO, Phillips OL, Schmidt FA, Ter Steege H, Vaz-de-Mello F, Venticinque EM, Vieira ICG, Zuanon J, Ferreira J. Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3495-3504.e4. [PMID: 37473761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%-18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel L Carvalho
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Amazônia Oriental, Belém 66095-903, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil.
| | - Angelica F Resende
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Amazônia Oriental, Belém 66095-903, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Esalq, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ Lancaster, UK.
| | | | - Mario R Moura
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Jack Shutt
- Manchester Metropolitan University, M15 6BH Manchester, UK
| | - Cassio A Nunes
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lis Stegmann
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Amazônia Oriental, Belém 66095-903, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Juen
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-119, Brazil
| | - Juliana Schietti
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Luiz Aragão
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ Lancaster, UK; University of Oxford, OX1 3QY Oxford, UK
| | | | - Flavia R C Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69067-375, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Oliver L Phillips
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém 66077-830, Brazil; University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
| | | | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jansen Zuanon
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Amazônia Oriental, Belém 66095-903, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-119, Brazil
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30
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Cerullo G, Barlow J, Betts M, Edwards D, Eyres A, França F, Garrett R, Swinfield T, Tew E, White T, Balmford A. The global impact of EU forest protection policies. Science 2023; 381:740. [PMID: 37590364 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj0728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Cerullo
- Department of Zoology and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Matthew Betts
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - David Edwards
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Alison Eyres
- Department of Zoology and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Filipe França
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Rachael Garrett
- Department of Geography and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Thomas Swinfield
- Department of Zoology and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Eleanor Tew
- Department of Zoology and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Thomas White
- Department of Biology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
- The Biodiversity Consultancy, Cambridge CB2 1SJ, UK
| | - Andrew Balmford
- Department of Zoology and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
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Neate-Clegg MHC, Etterson MA, Tingley MW, Newmark WD. The combined effects of temperature and fragment area on the demographic rates of an Afrotropical bird community over 34 years. BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 2023; 282:110051. [PMID: 39291170 PMCID: PMC11406459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation and climate change are two of the greatest threats to biodiversity, yet their combined impacts and potential interactions are poorly understood, particularly in the context of demographic rates. The Usambara Mountains, Tanzania, comprise a highly fragmented landscape where temperatures have increased by 0.58 °C over the last three decades. Here, we used a 34-year bird banding dataset from 14 forest fragments (0.2-908 ha) to examine the combined effects of fragment area and mean annual temperature on the demographic rates of 24 understory bird species. The population growth rates of two-thirds of species were negatively associated with at least one of the stressors, and, overall, population growth rates were 12-20 % lower in the warmest year compared to the coolest year, depending on fragment size. When temperature and fragment area were combined in models of recruitment, survival, and population growth, their effects were more frequently interactive than additive, however these interactions were rarely synergistic. Independently, temperature also received more model support than fragment area and tended to have a greater impact on demographic rates across species. Despite the complexity of the interactions between fragment area and temperature, their total effects on tropical bird demographic rates were largely detrimental. The development of effective conservation strategies for montane tropical bird species needs to account for these combined impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew A Etterson
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Morgan W Tingley
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William D Newmark
- Natural History Museum of Utah, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Rivera JD, de Los Monteros AE, Saldaña-Vázquez RA, Favila ME. Beyond species loss: How anthropogenic disturbances drive functional and phylogenetic homogenization of Neotropical dung beetles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161663. [PMID: 36682564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities drive tropical forest loss and biodiversity decay. However, few studies have addressed how the biodiversity response varies between disturbance-adapted species (i.e., winners) and those highly susceptible to disturbance (i.e., losers), or whether such responses differ between the taxonomic, functional, or phylogenetic dimensions of diversity. Understanding these dynamics can help prevent or buffer biotic homogenization processes. Using a meta-analytical approach with dung beetles as model organisms, we evaluated how anthropogenic habitat disturbances influence the multiple diversity dimensions of winner and loser species relative to conserved forest sites in the Neotropics. Habitats were organized according to a disturbance gradient ranging from second-growth forests, shaded agroforestry, lowly-shaded agroforestry, living fences, and pastures. Our database included 30 studies, from which we calculated nine metrics divided into three alfa diversity aspects: richness, evenness, and divergence. We also evaluated the beta-diversity response to disturbance and forest protection. All dimensions of dung beetle diversity decreased significantly with increasing disturbance levels, with phylogenetic diversity showing the highest losses, whereas evenness metrics increased in second-growth forests and agroforestry systems. Loser dung beetles showed high diversity loss as well as functional and phylogenetic clustering, reflecting a pervasive biotic homogenization in the most severely disturbed habitats, whereas winner species were insensitive to anthropogenic disturbances. Beta diversity increased significantly with disturbance and forest protection. Our study showed that heavy disturbances erode and homogenized all diversity dimensions of loser dung beetles. However, second-growth forests and agroforestry systems mitigated diversity loss and homogenization processes by favoring the coexistence between functional and phylogenetically distant species and maintaining assemblages compositionally similar to those in conserved forests, highlighting their importance for conservation. We encourage natural resource managers to consider protection of disturbed off-reserve forests in management schemes as these are essential for maintaining biodiversity in an increasingly anthropized world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose D Rivera
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México; Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal, México.
| | | | - Romeo A Saldaña-Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medio Ambiente Xabier Gorostiaga S.J, Universidad Iberoamericana Puebla, Blvd. del Niño Poblano No. 2901, Colonia Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, San Andrés Cholula, Pue C. P. 72820, Mexico
| | - Mario E Favila
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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Ozgul A, Fichtel C, Paniw M, Kappeler PM. Destabilizing effect of climate change on the persistence of a short-lived primate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214244120. [PMID: 36972440 PMCID: PMC10083614 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214244120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal tropical environments are among those regions that are the most affected by shifts in temperature and rainfall regimes under climate change, with potentially severe consequences for wildlife population persistence. This persistence is ultimately determined by complex demographic responses to multiple climatic drivers, yet these complexities have been little explored in tropical mammals. We use long-term, individual-based demographic data (1994 to 2020) from a short-lived primate in western Madagascar, the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), to investigate the demographic drivers of population persistence under observed shifts in seasonal temperature and rainfall. While rainfall during the wet season has been declining over the years, dry season temperatures have been increasing, with these trends projected to continue. These environmental changes resulted in lower survival and higher recruitment rates over time for gray mouse lemurs. Although the contrasting changes have prevented the study population from collapsing, the resulting increase in life-history speed has destabilized an otherwise stable population. Population projections under more recent rainfall and temperature levels predict an increase in population fluctuations and a corresponding increase in the extinction risk over the next five decades. Our analyses show that a relatively short-lived mammal with high reproductive output, representing a life history that is expected to closely track changes in its environment, can nonetheless be threatened by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpat Ozgul
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich,8057Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Fichtel
- Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research,37077Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Paniw
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich,8057Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville41001, Spain
| | - Peter M. Kappeler
- Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research,37077Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen,37077Göttingen, Germany
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Mazza Rodrigues JL, Melotto M. Naturally engineered plant microbiomes in resource-limited ecosystems. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:329-331. [PMID: 36828753 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Nature-designed plant microbiomes may offer solutions to improve crop production and ecosystem restoration in less than optimum environments. Through a full exploration of metagenomic data, Camargo et al. showed that a previously unknown microbial diversity enhances nutrient mobilization in stress-adapted plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Mazza Rodrigues
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Maeli Melotto
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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35
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Gates K, Sandoval-Castillo J, Brauer CJ, Unmack PJ, Laporte M, Bernatchez L, Beheregaray LB. Environmental selection, rather than neutral processes, best explain regional patterns of diversity in a tropical rainforest fish. Heredity (Edinb) 2023:10.1038/s41437-023-00612-x. [PMID: 36997655 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-023-00612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractTo conserve the high functional and genetic variation in hotspots such as tropical rainforests, it is essential to understand the forces driving and maintaining biodiversity. We asked to what extent environmental gradients and terrain structure affect morphological and genomic variation across the wet tropical distribution of an Australian rainbowfish, Melanotaenia splendida splendida. We used an integrative riverscape genomics and morphometrics framework to assess the influence of these factors on both putative adaptive and non-adaptive spatial divergence. We found that neutral genetic population structure was largely explainable by restricted gene flow among drainages. However, environmental associations revealed that ecological variables had a similar power to explain overall genetic variation, and greater power to explain body shape variation, than the included neutral covariables. Hydrological and thermal variables were the strongest environmental predictors and were correlated with traits previously linked to heritable habitat-associated dimorphism in rainbowfishes. In addition, climate-associated genetic variation was significantly associated with morphology, supporting heritability of shape variation. These results support the inference of evolved functional differences among localities, and the importance of hydroclimate in early stages of diversification. We expect that substantial evolutionary responses will be required in tropical rainforest endemics to mitigate local fitness losses due to changing climates.
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Ouédraogo DY, Mell H, Perceval O, Burga K, Domart-Coulon I, Hédouin L, Delaunay M, Guillaume MMM, Castelin M, Calvayrac C, Kerkhof O, Sordello R, Reyjol Y, Ferrier-Pagès C. What are the toxicity thresholds of chemical pollutants for tropical reef-building corals? A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE 2023; 12:4. [PMID: 39294817 PMCID: PMC11378836 DOI: 10.1186/s13750-023-00298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tropical coral reefs cover only ca. 0.1% of the Earth's surface but harbour exceptional marine biodiversity and provide vital ecosystem services to millions of people living nearby. They are currently threatened by global (e.g. climate change) and local (e.g. chemical pollution) stressors that interact in multiple ways. While global stressors cannot be mitigated by local actions alone, local stressors can be reduced through ecosystem management. Here, we aimed to systematically review experimental studies assessing the toxicity of chemical pollutants to tropical reef-building corals to generate accessible and usable knowledge and data that can be used to calculate measurement endpoints in ecological risk assessment. From the quantitative estimates of effects, we determined toxicity thresholds as the highest exposures tested at which no statistically significant adverse effects were observed, and we compared them to regulatory predicted no effect concentrations for the protection of marine organisms, to assess whether these reference values are indeed protective of corals. METHODS The evidence was taken from a systematic map of the impacts of chemicals arising from human activity on tropical reef-building corals published in 2021. All studies in the map database corresponding to the knowledge cluster "Evidence on the ecotoxicological effects of chemicals on corals" were selected. To identify subsequently published literature, the search was updated using a subset of the search string used for the systematic map. Titles, abstracts and full-texts were screened according to the criteria defining the selected cluster of the map. Because the eligibility criteria for the systematic review are narrower than the criteria used to define the cluster in the systematic map, additional screening was performed. Studies included were critically appraised and each study was rated as low, unclear, medium, or high risk of bias. Data were extracted from the studies and synthesised according to a strategy dependent on the type of exposure and outcome. REVIEW FINDINGS The systematic review reports the known effects of chemical exposures on corals from 847 studies corresponding to 181 articles. A total of 697 studies (161 articles) were included in the quantitative synthesis and 150 studies (50 articles) in the narrative synthesis of the findings. The quantitative synthesis records the effects of 2706 exposure concentrations-durations of 164 chemicals or mixtures of chemicals, and identifies 105 toxicity thresholds corresponding to 56 chemicals or mixtures of chemicals. When toxicity thresholds were compared to reference values set for the protection of marine organisms by environmental agencies, the reference values appear to be protective of corals for all but three chemicals assessed: the metal copper and the pesticides diuron and irgarol 1051. CONCLUSIONS This open-access database of known ecotoxicological effects of chemical exposures on corals can assist managers in the ecological risk assessment of chemicals, by allowing easy determination of various ecotoxicological thresholds. Several limitations of the toxicity tests synthesised here were noted (in particular the lack of measurement of effective concentrations for more than half of the studies). Overall, most of the currently available data on coral toxicity should be replicated independently and extended to corals from less studied geographical regions and functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakis-Yaoba Ouédraogo
- Direction de L'Expertise, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Hugo Mell
- UMS Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat), OFB-MNHN-CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Perceval
- Office Français de la Biodiversité (OFB), 94300, Vincennes, France
| | - Karen Burga
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 94701, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Domart-Coulon
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM), UMR 7245, CNRS-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Hédouin
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, 66860, Perpignan, France
- USR 3278 CRIOBE, PSL Université Paris : EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, 98729, Papetoai, Mo'orea, French Polynesia
| | - Mathilde Delaunay
- UMS Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat), OFB-MNHN-CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mireille M M Guillaume
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, 66860, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOrEA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-CNRS - SorbonneU - IRD - UCN - UA EcoFunc - Aviv, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Magalie Castelin
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS - Sorbonne Université - EPHE - Université des Antilles, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Calvayrac
- Biocapteurs Analyses Environnement, University of Perpignan via Domitia, 66000, Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Sorbonne Universités - CNRS, 66650, Banyuls Sur Mer, France
| | - Odile Kerkhof
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 94701, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Romain Sordello
- UMS Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat), OFB-MNHN-CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yorick Reyjol
- UMS Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat), OFB-MNHN-CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
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37
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Carvalho EC, Maldaner ME, Costa-Silva V, Sehn H, Franquini C, Campos VO, Seba VP, Maia LF, Vaz-de-Mello FZ, França FM. Dung beetles from two sustainable-use protected forests in the Brazilian Amazon. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e96101. [PMID: 38327344 PMCID: PMC10848333 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e96101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Amazon Forest is one of the world's most biodiverse ecosystems and yet its protected areas are understudied concerning insects and other invertebrates. These organisms are essential for tropical forests due to their ecological processes, with some species being very sensitive to habitat disturbances. Dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) have been used as bioindicators for more than 30 years and were surveyed to assess the insect biodiversity of two sustainable-use forest reserves in the Brazilian Amazon. New information We report inventories of dung beetles from two Amazonian forest reserves in Pará State, Brazil: the Tapajós National Forest and the Carajás National Forest. Surveys were carried out with baited-pitfall traps installed in 2010, 2016, 2017 and 2019. We collected a total of 3,772 individuals from 19 genera and 96 species. We highlight the importance of Amazonian protected areas as refugia for insect biodiversity, particularly dung beetles, which contribute to many key ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edrielly C. Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia. Instituto de Biociências - UFMT, Cuiabá, BrazilDepartamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia. Instituto de Biociências - UFMTCuiabáBrazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Manaus, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPAManausBrazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Maldaner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade (PPGECB), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiaba, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade (PPGECB), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMTCuiabaBrazil
| | - Vinicius Costa-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia. Instituto de Biociências - UFMT, Cuiabá, BrazilDepartamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia. Instituto de Biociências - UFMTCuiabáBrazil
- Laboratory of Integrative Entomology, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, BrazilLaboratory of Integrative Entomology, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of CampinasCampinasBrazil
| | - Heivanice Sehn
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMTCuiabáBrazil
| | - Carol Franquini
- Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia. Instituto de Biociências - UFMT, Cuiabá, BrazilDepartamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia. Instituto de Biociências - UFMTCuiabáBrazil
| | - Vinicius O. Campos
- Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia. Instituto de Biociências - UFMT, Cuiabá, BrazilDepartamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia. Instituto de Biociências - UFMTCuiabáBrazil
| | - Vinicius P. Seba
- Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia. Instituto de Biociências - UFMT, Cuiabá, BrazilDepartamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia. Instituto de Biociências - UFMTCuiabáBrazil
| | - Laís F. Maia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Queens Road, BS8 1QU, UK, Bristol, United KingdomSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Queens Road, BS8 1QU, UKBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello
- Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia. Instituto de Biociências - UFMT, Cuiabá, BrazilDepartamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Laboratório de Scarabaeoidologia. Instituto de Biociências - UFMTCuiabáBrazil
| | - Filipe Machado França
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Queens Road, BS8 1QU, UK, Bristol, United KingdomSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Queens Road, BS8 1QU, UKBristolUnited Kingdom
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia (PPGECO), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil, Belém, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia (PPGECO), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, BrazilBelémBrazil
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38
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Akomolafe GF, Rosazlina R. Evidence of invasion: land use influences the invasion of Urena lobata in the Guinea Savanna ecosystems of Nigeria. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Grossman JJ. Phenological physiology: seasonal patterns of plant stress tolerance in a changing climate. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1508-1524. [PMID: 36372992 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The physiological challenges posed by climate change for seasonal, perennial plants include increased risk of heat waves, postbudbreak freezing ('false springs'), and droughts. Although considerable physiological work has shown that the traits conferring tolerance to these stressors - thermotolerance, cold hardiness, and water deficit stress, respectively - are not static in time, they are frequently treated as such. In this review, I synthesize the recent literature on predictable seasonal - and therefore, phenological - patterns of acclimation and deacclimation to heat, cold, and water-deficit stress in perennials, focusing on woody plants native to temperate climates. I highlight promising, high-throughput techniques for quantifying thermotolerance, cold hardiness, and drought tolerance. For each of these forms of stress tolerance, I summarize the current balance of evidence regarding temporal patterns over the course of a year and suggest a characteristic temporal scale in these responses to environmental stress. In doing so, I offer a synthetic framework of 'phenological physiology', in which understanding and leveraging seasonally recurring (phenological) patterns of physiological stress acclimation can facilitate climate change adaptation and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake J Grossman
- Department of Biology, St. Olaf College, 1520 St Olaf Ave., St Olaf, MN, 55057, USA
- Department of Environmental Studies, St Olaf College, 1520 St Olaf Ave., St Olaf, MN, 55057, USA
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 1300 Centre St., Boston, MA, 02131, USA
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40
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Mikołajczak KM, Barlow J, Lees AC, Ives CD, Strack M, de Almeida OT, Souza AC, Sinclair F, Parry L. Evaluating the influence of nature connection and values on conservation attitudes at a tropical deforestation frontier. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023:e14067. [PMID: 36751965 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Inner phenomena, such as personal motivations for pursuing sustainability, may be critical levers for improving conservation outcomes. Most conservation research and policies, however, focus on external phenomena (e.g., ecological change or economic processes). We explored the factors shaping 9 conservation attitudes toward forest and wildlife protection among colonist farmers around an Amazonian deforestation frontier. Our data comprised 241 face-to-face quantitative surveys, complemented with qualitative insights from open-ended questionnaire responses and opportunistic semistructured interviews. To account for the full spectrum of possible inner motivations, we employed measures of nature connection (indicating biospheric motivation) and personal values organized around the traditionalism (traditionalist through to high openness to change) and universalism dimensions (egoistic through to altruistic motivations). We used averaged beta-binomial generalized linear models to assess the role of external factors (socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and environmental) and personal (inner) motivations on the variation in attitudes. Each attitude was modeled separately. The relative importance of each predictor was judged by the proportion of models where it appeared as significant. Proconservation views were expressed by the majority (at least 65%) of the respondents in 7 out of the 9 attitude models. The most consistent predictors were emotional nature connection and personal values (significant in 4-6 out of 9 models), rather than external phenomena (significant in 0-5 models). However, the poorest farmers had lower scores on the agreement with prioritizing nature over development (𝛽 = -0.52, 95% CI: -0.96 to -0.07). Qualitative data also indicated that economic barriers hinder forest conservation on farms. These results suggest that biospheric, traditionalistic, and altruistic motivations promote people's proconservation attitudes, but nurturing these latent motivations is unlikely to improve conservation outcomes if material poverty remains unaddressed. Integrating the inner-outer perspective into conservation thinking and practical interventions could foster environmental stewardship and increase human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Mikołajczak
- Grantham Research Institute, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Alexander C Lees
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Micha Strack
- Georg-Elias-Müller-Institute for Psychology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Frazer Sinclair
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luke Parry
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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41
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Ferrer Velasco R, Lippe M, Fischer R, Torres B, Tamayo F, Kalaba FK, Kaoma H, Bugayong L, Günter S. Reconciling policy instruments with drivers of deforestation and forest degradation: cross-scale analysis of stakeholder perceptions in tropical countries. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2180. [PMID: 36750712 PMCID: PMC9905477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-scale studies combining information on policy instruments and on drivers of deforestation and forest degradation are key to design and implement effective forest protection measures. We investigated the scale and country dependency of stakeholder perceptions about future threats to tropical forests (e.g. agriculture, logging, woodfuel) and preferred policy instruments (e.g. reforestation, protected areas, combat illegal logging), by interviewing 224 representatives of forest-related institutions. We conducted analysis of variance and principal component analysis for eighteen variables across three countries (Zambia, Ecuador and the Philippines) and four spatial levels (from international to local). We found that the overall alertness about commercial drivers and the confidence in policy instruments are significantly lower at subnational levels and also in Zambia. Stakeholder expectations about the most important drivers and the most effective policies in the coming decade follow regional narratives, suggesting that there are no one-size-fits-all solutions in international forest policy. However, we found an unexpected consensus across scales, indicating potential for collaboration between institutions operating at different geographical levels. Overall, agriculture remains the driver with the highest expected influence (43%), while a strong favoritism for reforestation and forest restoration (38%) suggests a paradigm shift from protected areas to a stronger focus on integrative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Ferrer Velasco
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354, Freising, Germany. .,Institute of Forestry, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, 21031, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Melvin Lippe
- Institute of Forestry, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, 21031, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard Fischer
- Institute of Forestry, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, 21031, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bolier Torres
- Life Sciences Department, Universidad Estatal Amazónica (UEA), 160101, Puyo, Ecuador
| | - Fabián Tamayo
- Life Sciences Department, Universidad Estatal Amazónica (UEA), 160101, Puyo, Ecuador
| | | | - Humphrey Kaoma
- School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Leonida Bugayong
- Forestry Development Center, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Sven Günter
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354, Freising, Germany.,Institute of Forestry, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, 21031, Hamburg, Germany
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42
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Morais-Silva JP, Scorsim B, Gonçalves G, Frota A, da Graça WJ, de Oliveira AV. Molecular Markers Reveal a New and Possibly Threatened Species of Cnesterodon (Poeciliidae, Cnesterodontini) from the Upper Paraná River Basin, Brazil. Zebrafish 2023; 20:37-45. [PMID: 36695733 PMCID: PMC9968864 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2022.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cnesterodon comprises 10 valid species occurring in the major river basins of South America. Recent ichthyofaunistic studies in the Ivaí River basin, upper Paraná River system, suggested the existence of a possible new species, which was identified as Cnesterodon sp. based on morphological characters. Currently, the use of molecular tools has proved to be fundamental in aiding phylogenetics and cataloging biodiversity; therefore, in this study, we molecularly characterize a possible new species of Cnesterodon from the Ivaí River basin encoding the mitochondrial genes Cytochrome c Oxidase, subunit I (COI), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2). The genetic differences found showed that this species really differs from the other Cnesterodon species, indicating that it is a distinct species, which is possibly already in serious danger of extinction since its habitat often suffers from human exploitation and its distribution is restricted to only two sites in the upper Ivaí River basin, but it has disappeared in one of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Morais-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Scorsim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brazil
| | - Geovana Gonçalves
- Curso de Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brazil
| | - Augusto Frota
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brazil
| | - Weferson Júnio da Graça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia and Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM). Maringá, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM). Maringá, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Valéria de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brazil
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular and Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM). Maringá, Brazil
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43
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Kramer JMF, Zwiener VP, Müller SC. Biotic homogenization and differentiation of plant communities in tropical and subtropical forests. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14025. [PMID: 36285615 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity can lead to biotic homogenization (BH) and biotic differentiation (BD). BH is a process of increasing similarity in community composition (including taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic components), whereas BD is a process of decreasing similarity over space and time. Here, we conducted a systematic review of BH and BD in plant communities in tropical and subtropical forests to identify trends and knowledge gaps. Our bibliometric search in the Web of Science returned 1989 papers, of which 151 matched our criteria and were included in the analysis. The Neotropical region had the largest number of articles, and Brazil was the most represented country with 92 studies. Regarding the type of change, homogenization was more frequent than differentiation (noted in 69.6% of publications). The taxonomic diversity component was measured more often than functional and phylogenetic diversity components. Most studies (75.6%) assessed homogenization and differentiation based on a single observation in time; as opposed to few studies that monitored plant community over multiple years. Forest fragmentation was cited as the main determinant of homogenization and differentiation processes (57.2% of articles). Our results highlight the importance of evaluating community composition over time and more than taxonomic components (i.e., functional and phylogenetic) to advance understanding of homogenization and differentiation. Both processes were scale dependent and not mutually exclusive. As such, future research should consider differentiation as a potential transition phase to homogenization and that potential differences in both processes may depend on the spatial and temporal scale adopted. Understanding the complexity and causes of homogenization and differentiation is essential for biodiversity conservation in a world increasingly affected by anthropogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Freitag Kramer
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Biogeografia de Plantas, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Setor Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Palotina, Brazil
| | - Victor P Zwiener
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Biogeografia de Plantas, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Setor Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Palotina, Brazil
| | - Sandra Cristina Müller
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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44
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Isingoma J, Sande E, Kityo R, Hughes DF. Amphibian communities along a forest degradation gradient in an East African forest reserve. ECOL INFORM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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45
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Coddington CPJ, Cooper WJ, Luther DA. Effects of forest fragmentation on avian breeding activity. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023:e14063. [PMID: 36704892 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity declines and ecosystem decay follow forest fragmentation; initially, abundant species may become rare or be extirpated. Underlying mechanisms behind delayed extirpation of certain species following forest fragmentation are unknown. Species declines may be attributed to an inadequate number of breeding adults required to replace the population or decreased juvenile survival rate due to reduced recruitment or increased nest predation pressures. We used 10 years of avian banding data, 5 years before and 4 years after fragment isolation, from the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, carried out near Manaus, Brazil, to investigate the breeding activity hypothesis that there is less breeding activity and fewer young after relative to before fragment isolation. We compared the capture rates of active breeding and young birds in 3 forest types (primary forest, fragment before isolation, and fragment after isolation) and the proportion of active breeding and young birds with all birds in each unique fragment type before and after isolation. We grouped all bird species by diet (insectivore or frugivore) and nesting strategy (open cup, cavity, or enclosed) to allow further comparisons among forest types. We found support for the breeding activity hypothesis in insectivorous and frugivorous birds (effect sizes 0.45 and 0.53, respectively) and in birds with open-cup and enclosed nesting strategies (effect sizes 0.56 and 0.44, respectively) such that on average there were more breeding birds in fragments before isolation relative to after isolation. A larger proportion of birds in the community were actively breeding before fragment isolation (72%) than after fragment isolation (11%). Unexpectedly, there was no significant decrease in the number of young birds after fragment isolation, although sample sizes for young were small (n = 43). This may have been due to sustained immigration of young birds to fragments after isolation. Together, our results provide some of the strongest evidence to date that avian breeding activity decreases in response to fragment isolation, which could be a fundamental mechanism contributing to ecosystem decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P J Coddington
- Biology Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - W Justin Cooper
- Biology Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - David A Luther
- Biology Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
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46
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Lapola DM, Pinho P, Barlow J, Aragão LEOC, Berenguer E, Carmenta R, Liddy HM, Seixas H, Silva CVJ, Silva-Junior CHL, Alencar AAC, Anderson LO, Armenteras D, Brovkin V, Calders K, Chambers J, Chini L, Costa MH, Faria BL, Fearnside PM, Ferreira J, Gatti L, Gutierrez-Velez VH, Han Z, Hibbard K, Koven C, Lawrence P, Pongratz J, Portela BTT, Rounsevell M, Ruane AC, Schaldach R, da Silva SS, von Randow C, Walker WS. The drivers and impacts of Amazon forest degradation. Science 2023; 379:eabp8622. [PMID: 36701452 DOI: 10.1126/science.abp8622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 2.5 × 106 square kilometers of the Amazon forest are currently degraded by fire, edge effects, timber extraction, and/or extreme drought, representing 38% of all remaining forests in the region. Carbon emissions from this degradation total up to 0.2 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year-1), which is equivalent to, if not greater than, the emissions from Amazon deforestation (0.06 to 0.21 Pg C year-1). Amazon forest degradation can reduce dry-season evapotranspiration by up to 34% and cause as much biodiversity loss as deforestation in human-modified landscapes, generating uneven socioeconomic burdens, mainly to forest dwellers. Projections indicate that degradation will remain a dominant source of carbon emissions independent of deforestation rates. Policies to tackle degradation should be integrated with efforts to curb deforestation and complemented with innovative measures addressing the disturbances that degrade the Amazon forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lapola
- Laboratório de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre - LabTerra, Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas Aplicadas à Agricultura - CEPAGRI, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pinho
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais da Amazônia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.,Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.,Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Hannah M Liddy
- Columbia Climate School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hugo Seixas
- Laboratório de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre - LabTerra, Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas Aplicadas à Agricultura - CEPAGRI, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila V J Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais da Amazônia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.,BeZero Carbon Ltd, London, UK
| | - Celso H L Silva-Junior
- Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Ane A C Alencar
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais da Amazônia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Liana O Anderson
- Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kim Calders
- Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Belgium.,School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Bruno L Faria
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Joice Ferreira
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Luciana Gatti
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kathleen Hibbard
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Charles Koven
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter Lawrence
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Julia Pongratz
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Mark Rounsevell
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alex C Ruane
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Celso von Randow
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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47
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Ma S, Kang B, Li J, Sun P, Liu Y, Ye Z, Tian Y. Climate risks to fishing species and fisheries in the China Seas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159325. [PMID: 36216044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the most concerning topics in the Anthropocene. Increasing sea water temperature will trigger a series of ecological consequences, altering the various functions and services that marine ecosystems provide for humans. Fisheries, specifically, will likely face the most direct impact. China provides unparalleled catches with enormous and intensive fishing effort, and China Seas are suffering from significantly increasing water temperature. However, uncertainties in the impacts of climate change on fishing species and fisheries in the China Seas present challenges for the formulation of coping and adapting strategies. Here, we employed a climate risk assessment framework to evaluate the climate risks of fishing species and fisheries of various provinces in China in the past decade, aiming to benefit the development and prioritization of appropriate adaptation options to climate change. Results show that considering the water temperature in the 2010s, 20 % of fishing species in the China Seas have one-fourth of their habitats unsuitable, and the situation will become worse with future warming scenarios in the 2050s when nearly half of species will have at least one-fourth of their habitats no longer suitable. Integrating hazard, exposure and vulnerability, climate risks to fisheries feature heterogeneity among provinces. Climate risks to fisheries of northern provinces are characterized by low hazard and high exposure, while the southern counterparts are largely determined by high hazard and low exposure. Climate change is threatening fishing species and remarkably altering fishery patterns in China Seas. Shifting fishing targets, increasing fishing efficiency, raising catch diversity, and updating fishery-related industries would be effective steps to help fisheries adapt to climate change, and adaptation strategies need to be tailored considering local realities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Kang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianchao Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenjiang Ye
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongjun Tian
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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48
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Cumming GS, Adamska M, Barnes ML, Barnett J, Bellwood DR, Cinner JE, Cohen PJ, Donelson JM, Fabricius K, Grafton RQ, Grech A, Gurney GG, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Hoey AS, Hoogenboom MO, Lau J, Lovelock CE, Lowe R, Miller DJ, Morrison TH, Mumby PJ, Nakata M, Pandolfi JM, Peterson GD, Pratchett MS, Ravasi T, Riginos C, Rummer JL, Schaffelke B, Wernberg T, Wilson SK. Research priorities for the sustainability of coral-rich western Pacific seascapes. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 2023; 23:66. [PMID: 37125023 PMCID: PMC10119535 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nearly a billion people depend on tropical seascapes. The need to ensure sustainable use of these vital areas is recognised, as one of 17 policy commitments made by world leaders, in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 ('Life below Water') of the United Nations. SDG 14 seeks to secure marine sustainability by 2030. In a time of increasing social-ecological unpredictability and risk, scientists and policymakers working towards SDG 14 in the Asia-Pacific region need to know: (1) How are seascapes changing? (2) What can global society do about these changes? and (3) How can science and society together achieve sustainable seascape futures? Through a horizon scan, we identified nine emerging research priorities that clarify potential research contributions to marine sustainability in locations with high coral reef abundance. They include research on seascape geological and biological evolution and adaptation; elucidating drivers and mechanisms of change; understanding how seascape functions and services are produced, and how people depend on them; costs, benefits, and trade-offs to people in changing seascapes; improving seascape technologies and practices; learning to govern and manage seascapes for all; sustainable use, justice, and human well-being; bridging communities and epistemologies for innovative, equitable, and scale-crossing solutions; and informing resilient seascape futures through modelling and synthesis. Researchers can contribute to the sustainability of tropical seascapes by co-developing transdisciplinary understandings of people and ecosystems, emphasising the importance of equity and justice, and improving knowledge of key cross-scale and cross-level processes, feedbacks, and thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme S. Cumming
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Maja Adamska
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michele L. Barnes
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Jon Barnett
- School of Geography, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David R. Bellwood
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Joshua E. Cinner
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | | | - Jennifer M. Donelson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | | | - R. Quentin Grafton
- Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alana Grech
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Georgina G. Gurney
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Hoey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Mia O. Hoogenboom
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Lau
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- WorldFish, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Ryan Lowe
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David J. Miller
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
| | - Tiffany H. Morrison
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Peter J. Mumby
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martin Nakata
- Indigenous Education and Research Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
| | - John M. Pandolfi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Garry D. Peterson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morgan S. Pratchett
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Okinawa Japan
| | - Cynthia Riginos
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jodie L. Rummer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Wernberg
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, Floedevigen Research Station, Nis, Norway
| | - Shaun K. Wilson
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Western Australia Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, Australia
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49
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Medeiros LP, Allesina S, Dakos V, Sugihara G, Saavedra S. Ranking species based on sensitivity to perturbations under non-equilibrium community dynamics. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:170-183. [PMID: 36318189 PMCID: PMC10092288 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Managing ecological communities requires fast detection of species that are sensitive to perturbations. Yet, the focus on recovery to equilibrium has prevented us from assessing species responses to perturbations when abundances fluctuate over time. Here, we introduce two data-driven approaches (expected sensitivity and eigenvector rankings) based on the time-varying Jacobian matrix to rank species over time according to their sensitivity to perturbations on abundances. Using several population dynamics models, we demonstrate that we can infer these rankings from time-series data to predict the order of species sensitivities. We find that the most sensitive species are not always the ones with the most rapidly changing or lowest abundance, which are typical criteria used to monitor populations. Finally, using two empirical time series, we show that sensitive species tend to be harder to forecast. Our results suggest that incorporating information on species interactions can improve how we manage communities out of equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas P Medeiros
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, Cambridge, USA.,Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, California, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Stefano Allesina
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Chicago, Illinois, Chicago, USA.,Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Illinois, Evanston, USA
| | - Vasilis Dakos
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - George Sugihara
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, California, La Jolla, USA
| | - Serguei Saavedra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, Cambridge, USA
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50
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Cudney‐Valenzuela SJ, Arroyo‐Rodríguez V, Morante‐Filho JC, Toledo‐Aceves T, Andresen E. Tropical forest loss impoverishes arboreal mammal assemblages by increasing tree canopy openness. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2744. [PMID: 36106555 PMCID: PMC10078566 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Landscape-scale deforestation poses a major threat to global biodiversity, not only because it limits habitat availability, but also because it can drive the degradation of the remaining habitat. However, the multiple pathways by which deforestation directly and indirectly affects wildlife remain poorly understood, especially for elusive forest-dependent species such as arboreal mammals. Using structural equation models, we assessed the direct and indirect effects of landscape forest loss on arboreal mammal assemblages in the Lacandona rainforest, Mexico. We placed camera traps in 100 canopy trees, and assessed the direct effect of forest cover and their indirect effects via changes in tree basal area and canopy openness on the abundance and diversity (i.e., species richness and exponential of Shannon entropy) of arboreal mammals. We found that forest loss had negative indirect effects on mammal richness through the increase of tree canopy openness. This could be related to the fact that canopy openness is usually inversely related to resource availability and canopy connectivity for arboreal mammals. Furthermore, independently of forest loss, the abundance and richness of arboreal mammals was positively related to tree basal area, which is typically higher in old-growth forests. Thus, our findings suggest that arboreal mammals generally prefer old-growth vegetation with relatively low canopy openness and high tree basal area. However, unexpectedly, forest loss was directly and positively related to the abundance and richness of mammals, probably due to a crowding effect, a reasonable possibility given the relatively short history (~40 years) of deforestation in the study region. Conversely, the Shannon diversity was not affected by the predictors we evaluated, suggesting that rare mammals (not the common species) are the ones most affected by these changes. All in all, our findings emphasize that conservation measures ought to focus on increasing forest cover in the landscape, and preventing the loss of large trees in the remaining forest patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine J. Cudney‐Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMexico
| | - Víctor Arroyo‐Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMexico
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéridaMexico
| | | | | | - Ellen Andresen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMexico
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