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Quan R, Decraecker L, Appeltans I, Cuende-Estévez M, Van Remoortel S, Aguilera-Lizarraga J, Wang Z, Hicks G, Wykosky J, McLean P, Denadai-Souza A, Hussein H, Boeckxstaens GE. Fecal Proteolytic Bacteria and Staphylococcal Superantigens Are Associated With Abdominal Pain Severity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2024:00000434-990000000-01309. [PMID: 39166748 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000003042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota have been associated with the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, to what extent specific bacterial species relate to clinical symptoms remains poorly characterized. We investigated the clinical relevance of bacterial species linked with increased proteolytic activity, histamine production, and superantigen (SAg) production in patients with IBS. METHODS Fecal (n = 309) and nasal (n = 214) samples were collected from patients with IBS and healthy volunteers (HV). Clinical symptoms and gut transit time were evaluated. Bacterial abundance in feces and nasal swabs as well as fecal trypsin-like activity were assessed. RESULTS The percentage of fecal samples containing Staphylococcus aureus was significantly higher in IBS compared with HV. Forty-nine percent of S. aureus -positive fecal samples from patients with IBS were also positive for SAgs, compared with 12% of HV. Patients with IBS and positive fecal SAg-producing S. aureus reported higher pain scores than those without S. aureus . Moreover, increased fecal proteolytic activity was associated with abdominal pain. Fecal abundance of Paraprevotella clara and Alistipes putredinis was significantly decreased in IBS, particularly in samples with higher proteolytic activity. Patients with lower Alistipes putredinis or Faecalibacterium prausnitzii abundance reported more severe abdominal pain. DISCUSSION In keeping with our preclinical findings, we show that increased presence of SAg-producing S. aureus in fecal samples of patients with IBS is associated with increased levels of abdominal pain. We also show that increased fecal proteolytic activity is associated with increased abdominal pain in patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Quan
- Center for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisse Decraecker
- Center for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iris Appeltans
- Center for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - María Cuende-Estévez
- Center for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samuel Van Remoortel
- Center for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Javier Aguilera-Lizarraga
- Laboratory of Sensory Neurophysiology and Pain, Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zheng Wang
- Center for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Alexandre Denadai-Souza
- Laboratory of Mucosal Biology, Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hind Hussein
- Center for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy E Boeckxstaens
- Center for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Li X, Kurahara LH, Zhao Z, Zhao F, Ishikawa R, Ohmichi K, Li G, Yamashita T, Hashimoto T, Hirano M, Sun Z, Hirano K. Therapeutic Effect of Proteinase-Activated Receptor-1 Antagonist on Colitis-Associated Carcinogenesis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:105-131. [PMID: 38614455 PMCID: PMC11127032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with carcinogenesis, which limits the prognosis of the patients. The local expression of proteinases and proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) increases in inflammatory bowel disease. The present study investigated the therapeutic effects of PAR1 antagonism on colitis-associated carcinogenesis. METHODS A colitis-associated carcinogenesis model was prepared in mice by treatment with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). PAR1 antagonist E5555 was administered in long- and short-term protocol, starting on the day of AOM injection and 1 week after completing AOM/DSS treatment, respectively. The fecal samples were collected for metagenome analysis of gut microbiota. The intestinal myofibroblasts of the Crohn's disease patients were used to elucidate underlying cellular mechanisms. Caco-2 cells were used to investigate a possible source of PAR1 agonist proteinases. RESULTS AOM/DSS model showed weight loss, diarrhea, tumor development, inflammation, fibrosis, and increased production of inflammatory cytokines. The β-diversity, but not α-diversity, of microbiota significantly differed between AOM/DSS and control mice. E5555 alleviated these pathological changes and altered the microbiota β-diversity in AOM/DSS mice. The thrombin expression was up-regulated in tumor and non-tumor areas, whereas PAR1 mRNA expression was higher in tumor areas compared with non-tumor areas. E5555 inhibited thrombin-triggered elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, as well as IL6-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in intestinal myofibroblasts. Caco-2 cell-conditioned medium contained immunoreactive thrombin, which cleaved the recombinant protein containing the extracellular domain of PAR1 at the thrombin cleavage site. CONCLUSIONS PAR1 antagonism is proposed to be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and its associated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Lin-Hai Kurahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
| | - Zhixin Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Feiyan Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ryo Ishikawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kagawa University Hospital, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Ohmichi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kagawa University Hospital, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Gaopeng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamashita
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hirano
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Katsuya Hirano
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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Bhardwaj S, Bulluss M, D'Aubeterre A, Derakhshani A, Penner R, Mahajan M, Mahajan VB, Dufour A. Integrating the analysis of human biopsies using post-translational modifications proteomics. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4979. [PMID: 38533548 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Proteome diversities and their biological functions are significantly amplified by post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins. Shotgun proteomics, which does not typically survey PTMs, provides an incomplete picture of the complexity of human biopsies in health and disease. Recent advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomic techniques that enrich and study PTMs are helping to uncover molecular detail from the cellular level to system-wide functions, including how the microbiome impacts human diseases. Protein heterogeneity and disease complexity are challenging factors that make it difficult to characterize and treat disease. The search for clinical biomarkers to characterize disease mechanisms and complexity related to patient diagnoses and treatment has proven challenging. Knowledge of PTMs is fundamentally lacking. Characterization of complex human samples that clarify the role of PTMs and the microbiome in human diseases will result in new discoveries. This review highlights the key role of proteomic techniques used to characterize unknown biological functions of PTMs derived from complex human biopsies. Through the integration of diverse methods used to profile PTMs, this review explores the genetic regulation of proteoforms, cells of origin expressing specific proteins, and several bioactive PTMs and their subsequent analyses by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Bhardwaj
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mitchell Bulluss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ana D'Aubeterre
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Regan Penner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - MaryAnn Mahajan
- Molecular Surgery Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Vinit B Mahajan
- Molecular Surgery Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Vergnolle N. Thrombin stories in the gut. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00065-8. [PMID: 38521125 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated the involvement of proteases in gut physiology and pathophysiology over the recent years. Among them, thrombin has appeared for a long time as an old player only involved in blood clotting upon tissue injury. The fact that thrombin receptors (Protease-Activated Receptors-1 and -4) are expressed and functional in almost all cell types of the gut, contributing to barrier, immune or motility functions, suggested that thrombin could actually be at the crossroad of intestinal physiology. Recent work has unraveled the constitutive release of active thrombin by intestinal epithelial cells, opening new research avenues on the role of thrombin in the gut. These roles are considered in the present review, as well as the regulation of thrombin in the gut. The potential of thrombin as a target for treatments of intestinal pathologies is also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), CS60039, Toulouse, Cedex 03, 31024, France; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Ab T2N 4N1, Canada.
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5
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Hou JJ, Ding L, Yang T, Yang YF, Jin YP, Zhang XP, Ma AH, Qin YH. The proteolytic activity in inflammatory bowel disease: insight from gut microbiota. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106560. [PMID: 38272327 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory disease caused by the destruction of the intestinal mucosal epithelium that affects a growing number of people worldwide. Although the etiology of IBD is complex and still elucidated, the role of dysbiosis and dysregulated proteolysis is well recognized. Various studies observed altered composition and diversity of gut microbiota, as well as increased proteolytic activity (PA) in serum, plasma, colonic mucosa, and fecal supernatant of IBD compared to healthy individuals. The imbalance of intestinal microecology and intestinal protein hydrolysis were gradually considered to be closely related to IBD. Notably, the pivotal role of intestinal microbiota in maintaining proteolytic balance received increasing attention. In summary, we have speculated a mesmerizing story, regarding the hidden role of PA and microbiota-derived PA hidden in IBD. Most importantly, we provided the diagnosis and therapeutic targets for IBD as well as the formulation of new treatment strategies for other digestive diseases and protease-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Yan-Fei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Yue-Ping Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - A-Huo Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Yue-Hua Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China.
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Dupouy-Manescau N, Méric T, Sénécat O, Drut A, Valentin S, Leal RO, Hernandez J. Updating the Classification of Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathies in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:681. [PMID: 38473066 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIEs) in dogs are currently classified based on response to sequential treatment trials into food-responsive (FREs); antibiotic-responsive (AREs); immunosuppressant-responsive (IREs); and non-responsive enteropathies (NREs). Recent studies have reported that a proportion of NRE dogs ultimately respond to further dietary trials and are subsequently misclassified. The FRE subset among CIEs is therefore probably underestimated. Moreover, alterations in the gut microbiota composition and function (dysbiosis) have been shown to be involved in CIE pathogenesis in recent research on dogs. Metronidazole and other antibiotics that have been used for decades for dogs with AREs have been demonstrated to result in increased antimicrobial resistance and deleterious effects on the gut microbiota. As a consequence, the clinical approach to CIEs has evolved in recent years toward the gradual abandonment of the use of antibiotics and their replacement by other treatments with the aim of restoring a diverse and functional gut microbiota. We propose here to refine the classification of canine CIEs by replacing the AREs category with a microbiota-related modulation-responsive enteropathies (MrMREs) category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Dupouy-Manescau
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Tristan Méric
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Odile Sénécat
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Amandine Drut
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences, 44300 Nantes, France
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgrosParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Suzy Valentin
- Hopia, Bozon Veterinary Clinic, 78280 Guyancourt, France
| | - Rodolfo Oliveira Leal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Juan Hernandez
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences, 44300 Nantes, France
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgrosParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Aghdassi AA, Pham C, Zierke L, Mariaule V, Korkmaz B, Rhimi M. Cathepsin C role in inflammatory gastroenterological, renal, rheumatic, and pulmonary disorders. Biochimie 2024; 216:175-180. [PMID: 37758158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin C (CatC, syn. Dipeptidyl peptidase I) is a lysosomal cysteine proteinase expressed in several tissues including inflammatory cells. This enzyme is important for maintaining multiple cellular functions and for processing immune cell-derived proteases. While mutations in the CatC gene were reported in Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disorder featuring hyperkeratosis and periodontitis, evidence from clinical and preclinical studies points toward pro-inflammatory effects of CatC in various disease processes that are mainly mediated by the activation of neutrophil serine proteinases. Moreover, tumor-promoting effects were ascribed to CatC. The aim of this review is to highlight current knowledge of the CatC as a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Aghdassi
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christine Pham
- Division of Rheumatology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lukas Zierke
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vincent Mariaule
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Rondeau LE, Da Luz BB, Santiago A, Bermudez-Brito M, Hann A, De Palma G, Jury J, Wang X, Verdu EF, Galipeau HJ, Rolland C, Deraison C, Ruf W, Bercik P, Vergnolle N, Caminero A. Proteolytic bacteria expansion during colitis amplifies inflammation through cleavage of the external domain of PAR2. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2387857. [PMID: 39171684 PMCID: PMC11346554 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2387857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in proteolytic activity have been linked to the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and experimental colitis. Proteases in the intestine play important roles in maintaining homeostasis, but exposure of mucosal tissues to excess proteolytic activity can promote pathology through protease-activated receptors (PARs). Previous research implicates microbial proteases in IBD, but the underlying pathways and specific interactions between microbes and PARs remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of microbial proteolytic activation of the external domain of PAR2 in intestinal injury using mice expressing PAR2 with a mutated N-terminal external domain that is resistant to canonical activation by proteolytic cleavage. Our findings demonstrate the key role of proteolytic cleavage of the PAR2 external domain in promoting intestinal permeability and inflammation during colitis. In wild-type mice expressing protease-sensitive PAR2, excessive inflammation leads to the expansion of bacterial taxa that cleave the external domain of PAR2, exacerbating colitis severity. In contrast, mice expressing mutated protease-resistant PAR2 exhibit attenuated colitis severity and do not experience the same proteolytic bacterial expansion. Colonization of wild-type mice with proteolytic PAR2-activating Enterococcus and Staphylococcus worsens colitis severity. Our study identifies a previously unknown interaction between proteolytic bacterial communities, which are shaped by inflammation, and the external domain of PAR2 in colitis. The findings should encourage new therapeutic developments for IBD by targeting excessive PAR2 cleavage by bacterial proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Emile Rondeau
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bruna Barbosa Da Luz
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alba Santiago
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Miriam Bermudez-Brito
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amber Hann
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Giada De Palma
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Jury
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Xuanyu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elena Francisca Verdu
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Heather Jean Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Celine Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Alberto Caminero
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Rao S, Grover M. Intestinal proteases. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2023; 39:472-478. [PMID: 37678185 PMCID: PMC10592107 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Proteases constitute a group of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds. Intestinal proteases are an integral part of gut homeostasis and digestion. This review discusses the broader classification of proteases, regulation of proteolytic activity (PA) in the intestinal tract, and how dysregulation of intestinal proteases contributes to the pathophysiology of conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and celiac disease. We also discuss recent advancements in therapeutic modulation that directly or indirectly target intestinal proteases and can be utilized to treat these illnesses. RECENT FINDINGS Host and microbiota derived proteases have been associated with symptoms in subsets of patients with IBS, IBD and celiac disease. Elevated PA mediates barrier dysfunction, visceral hypersensitivity as well as immune activation and inflammation. Recent mechanistic studies have revealed the nature of disease-associated proteases and mechanisms regulating their activity, particularly those driven by the microbiota. Advancements in activity-based probes have allowed novel ways of in vivo imaging of PA. Newer strategies targeting proteases include monoclonal antibodies, engineered microbiota as well as specific protease inhibitors. SUMMARY Significant progresses made in the detection as well as regulation of PA is likely to provide therapeutic advancements for gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Rao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, India
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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10
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Oliveira-Silva R, Wang Y, Nooteboom SW, Prazeres DMF, Paulo PMR, Zijlstra P. Single-Particle Plasmon Sensor to Monitor Proteolytic Activity in Real Time. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 1:1661-1669. [PMID: 37915971 PMCID: PMC10616847 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.3c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
We have established a label-free plasmonic platform that monitors proteolytic activity in real time. The sensor consists of a random array of gold nanorods that are functionalized with a design peptide that is specifically cleaved by thrombin, resulting in a blueshift of the longitudinal plasmon. By monitoring the plasmon of many individual nanorods, we determined thrombin's proteolytic activity in real time and inferred relevant kinetic parameters. Furthermore, a comparison to a kinetic model revealed that the plasmon shift is dictated by a competition between peptide cleavage and thrombin binding, which have opposing effects on the measured plasmon shift. The dynamic range of the sensor is greater than two orders of magnitude, and it is capable of detecting physiologically relevant levels of active thrombin down to 3 nM in buffered conditions. We expect these plasmon-mediated label-free sensors to open the window to a range of applications stretching from the diagnostic and characterization of bleeding disorders to fundamental proteolytic and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Oliveira-Silva
- MBx
Molecular Biosensing, Department of Applied Physics and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- iBB
− Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yuyang Wang
- MBx
Molecular Biosensing, Department of Applied Physics and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd W. Nooteboom
- MBx
Molecular Biosensing, Department of Applied Physics and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Duarte M. F. Prazeres
- iBB
− Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. R. Paulo
- CQE—Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter Zijlstra
- MBx
Molecular Biosensing, Department of Applied Physics and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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11
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Yang WH, Aziz PV, Heithoff DM, Kim Y, Ko JY, Cho JW, Mahan MJ, Sperandio M, Marth JD. Innate mechanism of mucosal barrier erosion in the pathogenesis of acquired colitis. iScience 2023; 26:107883. [PMID: 37752945 PMCID: PMC10518488 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The colonic mucosal barrier protects against infection, inflammation, and tissue ulceration. Composed primarily of Mucin-2, proteolytic erosion of this barrier is an invariant feature of colitis; however, the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. We have applied a recurrent food poisoning model of acquired inflammatory bowel disease using Salmonella enterica Typhimurium to investigate mucosal barrier erosion. Our findings reveal an innate Toll-like receptor 4-dependent mechanism activated by previous infection that induces Neu3 neuraminidase among colonic epithelial cells concurrent with increased Cathepsin-G protease secretion by Paneth cells. These anatomically separated host responses merge with the desialylation of nascent colonic Mucin-2 by Neu3 rendering the mucosal barrier susceptible to increased proteolytic breakdown by Cathepsin-G. Depletion of Cathepsin-G or Neu3 function using pharmacological inhibitors or genetic-null alleles protected against Mucin-2 proteolysis and barrier erosion and reduced the frequency and severity of colitis, revealing approaches to preserve and potentially restore the mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Ho Yang
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Glycosylation Network Research Center and Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter V. Aziz
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Douglas M. Heithoff
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Yeolhoe Kim
- Glycosylation Network Research Center and Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Ko
- Glycosylation Network Research Center and Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Glycosylation Network Research Center and Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael J. Mahan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jamey D. Marth
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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12
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Lee I, Tantisirivat P, Edgington-Mitchell LE. Chemical Tools to Image the Activity of PAR-Cleaving Proteases. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2023; 3:295-304. [PMID: 37599791 PMCID: PMC10436261 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) comprise a family of four G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that have broad functions in health and disease. Unlike most GPCRs, PARs are uniquely activated by proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular N termini. To fully understand PAR activation and function in vivo, it is critical to also study the proteases that activate them. As proteases are heavily regulated at the post-translational level, measures of total protease abundance have limited utility. Measures of protease activity are instead required to inform their function. This review will introduce several classes of chemical probes that have been developed to measure the activation of PAR-cleaving proteases. Their strengths, weaknesses, and applications will be discussed, especially as applied to image protease activity at the whole organism, tissue, and cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene
Y. Lee
- Department
of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology
Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Piyapa Tantisirivat
- Department
of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology
Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Laura E. Edgington-Mitchell
- Department
of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology
Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
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13
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Fabian O, Bajer L, Drastich P, Harant K, Sticova E, Daskova N, Modos I, Tichanek F, Cahova M. A Current State of Proteomics in Adult and Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Search and Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119386. [PMID: 37298338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are systemic immune-mediated conditions with predilection for the gastrointestinal tract and include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Despite the advances in the fields of basic and applied research, the etiopathogenesis remains largely unknown. As a result, only one third of the patients achieve endoscopic remission. A substantial portion of the patients also develop severe clinical complications or neoplasia. The need for novel biomarkers that can enhance diagnostic accuracy, more precisely reflect disease activity, and predict a complicated disease course, thus, remains high. Genomic and transcriptomic studies contributed substantially to our understanding of the immunopathological pathways involved in disease initiation and progression. However, eventual genomic alterations do not necessarily translate into the final clinical picture. Proteomics may represent a missing link between the genome, transcriptome, and phenotypical presentation of the disease. Based on the analysis of a large spectrum of proteins in tissues, it seems to be a promising method for the identification of new biomarkers. This systematic search and review summarize the current state of proteomics in human IBD. It comments on the utility of proteomics in research, describes the basic proteomic techniques, and provides an up-to-date overview of available studies in both adult and pediatric IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Fabian
- Clinical and Transplant Pathology Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, 140 59 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Bajer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drastich
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Harant
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sticova
- Clinical and Transplant Pathology Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, Royal Vinohrady Teaching Hospital, Srobarova 1150/50, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Daskova
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Istvan Modos
- Department of Informatics, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Tichanek
- Department of Informatics, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Cahova
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Ramos-Llorca A, Decraecker L, Cacheux VMY, Zeiburlina I, De bruyn M, Battut L, Moreno-Cinos C, Ceradini D, Espinosa E, Dietrich G, Berg M, De Meester I, Van Der Veken P, Boeckxstaens G, Lambeir AM, Denadai-Souza A, Augustyns K. Chemically diverse activity-based probes with unexpected inhibitory mechanisms targeting trypsin-like serine proteases. Front Chem 2023; 10:1089959. [PMID: 36688031 PMCID: PMC9849758 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1089959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity-based probes (ABP) are molecules that bind covalently to the active form of an enzyme family, making them an attractive tool for target and biomarker identification and drug discovery. The present study describes the synthesis and biochemical characterization of novel activity-based probes targeting trypsin-like serine proteases. We developed an extensive library of activity-based probes with "clickable" affinity tags and a diaryl phosphonate warhead. A wide diversity was achieved by including natural amino acid analogs as well as basic polar residues as side chains. A detailed enzymatic characterization was performed in a panel of trypsin-like serine proteases. Their inhibitory potencies and kinetic profile were examined, and their IC50 values, mechanism of inhibition, and kinetic constants were determined. The activity-based probes with a benzyl guanidine side chain showed the highest inhibitory effects in the panel. Surprisingly, some of the high-affinity probes presented a reversible inhibitory mechanism. On the other hand, probes with different side chains exhibited the expected irreversible mechanism. For the first time, we demonstrate that not only irreversible probes but also reversible probes can tightly label recombinant proteases and proteases released from human mast cells. Even under denaturing SDS-PAGE conditions, reversible slow-tight-binding probes can label proteases due to the formation of high-affinity complexes and slow dissociation rates. This unexpected finding will transform the view on the required irreversible nature of activity-based probes. The diversity of this library of activity-based probes combined with a detailed enzyme kinetic characterization will advance their applications in proteomic studies and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ramos-Llorca
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lisse Decraecker
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valérie M. Y. Cacheux
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irena Zeiburlina
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle De bruyn
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louise Battut
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carlos Moreno-Cinos
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Espinosa
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Maya Berg
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Boeckxstaens
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Denadai-Souza
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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15
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Abstract
Proteases are an evolutionarily conserved family of enzymes that degrade peptide bonds and have been implicated in several common gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Although luminal proteolytic activity is important for maintenance of homeostasis and health, the current review describes recent advances in our understanding of how overactivity of luminal proteases contributes to the pathophysiology of celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and GI infections. Luminal proteases, many of which are produced by the microbiota, can modulate the immunogenicity of dietary antigens, reduce mucosal barrier function and activate pro-inflammatory and pro-nociceptive host signaling. Increased proteolytic activity has been ascribed to both increases in protease production and decreases in inhibitors of luminal proteases. With the identification of strains of bacteria that are important sources of proteases and their inhibitors, the stage is set to develop drug or microbial therapies to restore protease balance and alleviate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Caminero
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mabel Guzman
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josie Libertucci
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan E. Lomax
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada,CONTACT Alan E. Lomax Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada
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16
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Park MJ, Won JH, Kim DK. Thrombin Induced Apoptosis through Calcium-Mediated Activation of Cytosolic Phospholipase A 2 in Intestinal Myofibroblasts. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:59-67. [PMID: 36052603 PMCID: PMC9810453 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombin is a serine protease that participates in a variety of biological signaling through protease-activated receptors. Intestinal myofibroblasts play central roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. In this study, we found that thrombin-induced apoptosis is mediated by the calcium-mediated activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in the CCD-18Co cell. Thrombin reduced cell viability by inducing apoptosis and proteinase-activated receptor-1 antagonist attenuated thrombin-induced cell death. Endogenous ceramide did not affect the cell viability itself, but a ceramide-mediated pathway was involved in thrombin-induced cell death. Thrombin increased intracellular calcium levels and cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity. The ceramide synthase inhibitor Fumonisin B1, intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 inhibitor AACOCF3 inhibited thrombin-induced cell death. Thrombin stimulated arachidonic acid release and reactive oxygen species generation, which was blocked by AACOCF3, BAPTA-AM, and the antioxidant reagent Trolox. Taken together, thrombin triggered apoptosis through calcium-mediated activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in intestinal myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ja Park
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Won
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Kyong Kim
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Author E-mail: , Tel: +82-31-724-2611, Fax: +82-31-724-2612
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17
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Proteases and Their Potential Role as Biomarkers and Drug Targets in Dry Eye Disease and Ocular Surface Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179795. [PMID: 36077189 PMCID: PMC9456293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder that leads to ocular discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability. DED is accompanied by an increase in tear osmolarity and ocular surface inflammation. The diagnosis and treatment of DED still present significant challenges. Therefore, novel biomarkers and treatments are of great interest. Proteases are present in different tissues on the ocular surface. In a healthy eye, proteases are highly regulated. However, dysregulation occurs in various pathologies, including DED. With this review, we provide an overview of the implications of different families of proteases in the development and severity of DED, along with studies involving protease inhibitors as potential therapeutic tools. Even though further research is needed, this review aims to give suggestions for identifying novel biomarkers and developing new protease inhibitors.
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18
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Zhang T, Zhang R, Zhao G, Liu W, Pan L, Tong Y, Jiang M, Zhang H, Xiao Z, Pandol SJ, Fu X, Han YP, Zheng X. Plant green pigment of chlorophyllin attenuates inflammatory bowel diseases by suppressing autophagy activation in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G102-G113. [PMID: 35638642 PMCID: PMC9291423 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00291.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are intestinal complications characterized by chronic inflammation, autophagy abnormality, and lysosomal stress, which are derived from genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors. It is generally precepted that dietary green vegetable is beneficial for physiological homeostasis. In this study, we found that dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and altered intestinal epithelia in mice were attenuated by oral administration of chlorophyllin (CHL), a water-soluble derivate of chlorophyll. In DSS-treated mice, autophagy was persistently activated in intestinal tissues and associated with bowel disorders. Conversely, supplement of CHL in diet or gavage suppressed intestinal inflammation, downregulated autophagy flux in intestinal tissue, and relieved endoplasmic reticulum stress. In vitro studies show that CHL could activate Akt and mTOR pathways, leading to downregulation of autophagic and lysosomal flux. Thus, consumption of green vegetables and chlorophyllin may be beneficial for IBD recovery in part through alleviation of inflammation and autolysosomal flux.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent gastrointestinal disease, while the etiology remains poorly understood. Dietary composition and lifestyle are crucial for pathogenesis and progression of IBD. In this study, we observed that autophagy in the intestinal tissue was persistently activated in IBD mice. Chlorophyllin (CHL), a water-soluble derivate of chlorophyll, can attenuate colitis by regulating autophagy and inflammation. Thus, consumption of green vegetables and chlorophyllin may be beneficial for IBD recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Zhang
- 1The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruofei Zhang
- 1The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangfu Zhao
- 1The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- 1The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Pan
- 1The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Tong
- 1The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshan Jiang
- 2Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- 2Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixiong Xiao
- 1The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- 3Department of Medicine, Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiansheng Fu
- 4The Division of Gastroenterology, The First Associated Hospital of the Chengdu Medical Collage, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Han
- 1The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- 5Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and
Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Ceuleers H, Hanning N, De Bruyn M, De Man JG, De Schepper HU, Li Q, Liu L, Abrams S, Smet A, Joossens J, Augustyns K, De Meester I, Pasricha PJ, De Winter BY. The Effect of Serine Protease Inhibitors on Visceral Pain in Different Rodent Models With an Intestinal Insult. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:765744. [PMID: 35721192 PMCID: PMC9201642 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.765744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Serine proteases are believed to play a key role in the origin of abdominal pain in IBD and IBS. We previously demonstrated a reduction of visceral pain in a post-inflammatory IBS rat model after a single intraperitoneal or intracolonic administration of a serine protease inhibitor. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of serine protease inhibition on visceral pain in two different animal models involving a colonic insult based either on acute inflammation or on neonatal irritation. Moreover, protease profiling was explored in the acute colitis model. Methods: An acute 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) colitis rat model and a chronic neonatal acetic acid mouse model were used in this study. Visceral sensitivity was quantified by visceromotor responses (VMRs) to colorectal distension, 30 min after intraperitoneal administration of the serine protease inhibitors nafamostat, UAMC-00050 or their vehicles. Colonic samples from acute colitis rats were used to quantify the mRNA expression of a panel of serine proteases and mast cell tryptase by immunohistochemistry. Finally, proteolytic activities in colonic and fecal samples were characterized using fluorogenic substrates. Key Results: We showed a significant and pressure-dependent increase in visceral hypersensitivity in acute colitis and neonatal acetic acid models. UAMC-00050 and nafamostat significantly reduced VMRs in both animal models. In acute colitis rats, the administration of a serine protease inhibitor did not affect the inflammatory parameters. Protease profiling of these acute colitis animals revealed an increased tryptase immunoreactivity and a downregulation of matriptase at the mRNA level after inflammation. The administration of UAMC-00050 resulted in a decreased elastase-like activity in the colon associated with a significantly increased elastase-like activity in fecal samples of acute colitis animals. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results suggest that serine proteases play an important role in visceral hypersensitivity in an acute TNBS colitis model in rats and a neonatal acetic acid model in mice. Moreover, we hypothesize a potential mechanism of action of UAMC-00050 via the alteration of elastase-like proteolytic activity in acute inflammation. Taken together, we provided fundamental evidence for serine protease inhibitors as a promising new therapeutic strategy for abdominal pain in gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ceuleers
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nikita Hanning
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michelle De Bruyn
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joris G De Man
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Heiko U De Schepper
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Qian Li
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Liansheng Liu
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Steven Abrams
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Data Science Institute, UHasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Joossens
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pankaj J Pasricha
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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20
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Deep Learning-Based Advances In Protein Posttranslational Modification Site and Protein Cleavage Prediction. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2499:285-322. [PMID: 35696087 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2317-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modification (PTM ) is a ubiquitous phenomenon in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes which gives rise to enormous proteomic diversity. PTM mostly comes in two flavors: covalent modification to polypeptide chain and proteolytic cleavage. Understanding and characterization of PTM is a fundamental step toward understanding the underpinning of biology. Recent advances in experimental approaches, mainly mass-spectrometry-based approaches, have immensely helped in obtaining and characterizing PTMs. However, experimental approaches are not enough to understand and characterize more than 450 different types of PTMs and complementary computational approaches are becoming popular. Recently, due to the various advancements in the field of Deep Learning (DL), along with the explosion of applications of DL to various fields, the field of computational prediction of PTM has also witnessed the development of a plethora of deep learning (DL)-based approaches. In this book chapter, we first review some recent DL-based approaches in the field of PTM site prediction. In addition, we also review the recent advances in the not-so-studied PTM , that is, proteolytic cleavage predictions. We describe advances in PTM prediction by highlighting the Deep learning architecture, feature encoding, novelty of the approaches, and availability of the tools/approaches. Finally, we provide an outlook and possible future research directions for DL-based approaches for PTM prediction.
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21
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Decraecker L, Boeckxstaens G, Denadai-Souza A. Inhibition of Serine Proteases as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Abdominal Pain in IBS. Front Physiol 2022; 13:880422. [PMID: 35665224 PMCID: PMC9161638 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.880422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine proteases are heavily present in the gastrointestinal tract where they are essential in numerous physiological processes. An imbalance in the proteolytic activity is a central mechanism underlying abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, protease inhibitors are emerging as a promising therapeutic tool to manage abdominal pain in this functional gastrointestinal disorder. With this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the implications of serine proteases in the development of abdominal pain in IBS, along with a critical assessment of the current developments and prospects of protease inhibitors as a therapeutic tool. In particular, we highlight the current knowledge gap concerning the identity of dysregulated serine proteases that are released by the rectal mucosa of IBS patients. Finally, we suggest a workflow with state-of-the-art techniques that will help address the knowledge gap, guiding future research towards the development of more effective and selective protease inhibitors to manage abdominal pain in IBS.
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22
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Edwinson AL, Yang L, Peters S, Hanning N, Jeraldo P, Jagtap P, Simpson JB, Yang TY, Kumar P, Mehta S, Nair A, Breen-Lyles M, Chikkamenahalli L, Graham RP, De Winter B, Patel R, Dasari S, Kashyap P, Griffin T, Chen J, Farrugia G, Redinbo MR, Grover M. Gut microbial β-glucuronidases regulate host luminal proteases and are depleted in irritable bowel syndrome. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:680-694. [PMID: 35484230 PMCID: PMC9081267 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal proteases mediate digestion and immune signaling, while increased gut proteolytic activity disrupts the intestinal barrier and generates visceral hypersensitivity, which in common in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the mechanisms controlling protease function are unclear. Here we show that members of the gut microbiota suppress intestinal proteolytic activity through production of unconjugated bilirubin. This occurs via microbial β-glucuronidase-mediated conversion of bilirubin conjugates. Metagenomic analysis of fecal samples from patients with post-infection IBS (n=52) revealed an altered gut microbiota composition, in particular a reduction in Alistipes taxa, and high gut proteolytic activity driven by specific host serine proteases compared to controls. Germ-free mice showed 10-fold higher proteolytic activity compared with conventional mice. Colonization with microbiota from high proteolytic activity IBS patients failed to suppress proteolytic activity in germ-free mice, but suppression of proteolytic activity was achieved with colonization using microbiota from healthy donors. High proteolytic activity mice had higher intestinal permeability, a higher relative abundance of Bacteroides and a reduction in Alistipes taxa compared with low proteolytic activity mice. High proteolytic activity IBS patients had lower fecal β-glucuronidase activity and end-products of bilirubin deconjugation. Mice treated with unconjugated bilirubin and β-glucuronidase overexpressing E. coli, which significantly reduced proteolytic activity, while inhibitors of microbial β-glucuronidases increased proteolytic activity. Together, these data define a disease-relevant mechanism of host-microbial interaction that maintains protease homeostasis in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Edwinson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephanie Peters
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nikita Hanning
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Infla-Med, research center of excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Pratik Jagtap
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joshua B Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tzu-Yi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Subina Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Asha Nair
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Rondell P Graham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benedicte De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Infla-Med, research center of excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Purna Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Timothy Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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23
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Latorre R, Hegron A, Peach CJ, Teng S, Tonello R, Retamal JS, Klein-Cloud R, Bok D, Jensen DD, Gottesman-Katz L, Rientjes J, Veldhuis NA, Poole DP, Schmidt BL, Pothoulakis CH, Rankin C, Xie Y, Koon HW, Bunnett NW. Mice expressing fluorescent PAR 2 reveal that endocytosis mediates colonic inflammation and pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2112059119. [PMID: 35110404 PMCID: PMC8833192 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112059119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate many pathophysiological processes and are major therapeutic targets. The impact of disease on the subcellular distribution and function of GPCRs is poorly understood. We investigated trafficking and signaling of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in colitis. To localize PAR2 and assess redistribution during disease, we generated knockin mice expressing PAR2 fused to monomeric ultrastable green fluorescent protein (muGFP). PAR2-muGFP signaled and trafficked normally. PAR2 messenger RNA was detected at similar levels in Par2-mugfp and wild-type mice. Immunostaining with a GFP antibody and RNAScope in situ hybridization using F2rl1 (PAR2) and Gfp probes revealed that PAR2-muGFP was expressed in epithelial cells of the small and large intestine and in subsets of enteric and dorsal root ganglia neurons. In healthy mice, PAR2-muGFP was prominently localized to the basolateral membrane of colonocytes. In mice with colitis, PAR2-muGFP was depleted from the plasma membrane of colonocytes and redistributed to early endosomes, consistent with generation of proinflammatory proteases that activate PAR2 PAR2 agonists stimulated endocytosis of PAR2 and recruitment of Gαq, Gαi, and β-arrestin to early endosomes of T84 colon carcinoma cells. PAR2 agonists increased paracellular permeability of colonic epithelial cells, induced colonic inflammation and hyperalgesia in mice, and stimulated proinflammatory cytokine release from segments of human colon. Knockdown of dynamin-2 (Dnm2), the major colonocyte isoform, and Dnm inhibition attenuated PAR2 endocytosis, signaling complex assembly and colonic inflammation and hyperalgesia. Thus, PAR2 endocytosis sustains protease-evoked inflammation and nociception and PAR2 in endosomes is a potential therapeutic target for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Latorre
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
| | - Alan Hegron
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
| | - Chloe J Peach
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
| | - Shavonne Teng
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
| | - Raquel Tonello
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
| | - Jeffri S Retamal
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
| | - Rafael Klein-Cloud
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
| | - Diana Bok
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
| | - Dane D Jensen
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
| | - Lena Gottesman-Katz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
| | - Jeanette Rientjes
- Gene Modification Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Veldhuis
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel P Poole
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
| | - Charalabos H Pothoulakis
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Carl Rankin
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ying Xie
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Hon Wai Koon
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010;
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010
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24
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Mills RH, Dulai PS, Vázquez-Baeza Y, Sauceda C, Daniel N, Gerner RR, Batachari LE, Malfavon M, Zhu Q, Weldon K, Humphrey G, Carrillo-Terrazas M, Goldasich LD, Bryant M, Raffatellu M, Quinn RA, Gewirtz AT, Chassaing B, Chu H, Sandborn WJ, Dorrestein PC, Knight R, Gonzalez DJ. Multi-omics analyses of the ulcerative colitis gut microbiome link Bacteroides vulgatus proteases with disease severity. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:262-276. [PMID: 35087228 PMCID: PMC8852248 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-01050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is driven by disruptions in host-microbiota homoeostasis, but current treatments exclusively target host inflammatory pathways. To understand how host-microbiota interactions become disrupted in UC, we collected and analysed six faecal- or serum-based omic datasets (metaproteomic, metabolomic, metagenomic, metapeptidomic and amplicon sequencing profiles of faecal samples and proteomic profiles of serum samples) from 40 UC patients at a single inflammatory bowel disease centre, as well as various clinical, endoscopic and histologic measures of disease activity. A validation cohort of 210 samples (73 UC, 117 Crohn's disease, 20 healthy controls) was collected and analysed separately and independently. Data integration across both cohorts showed that a subset of the clinically active UC patients had an overabundance of proteases that originated from the bacterium Bacteroides vulgatus. To test whether B. vulgatus proteases contribute to UC disease activity, we first profiled B. vulgatus proteases found in patients and bacterial cultures. Use of a broad-spectrum protease inhibitor improved B. vulgatus-induced barrier dysfunction in vitro, and prevented colitis in B. vulgatus monocolonized, IL10-deficient mice. Furthermore, transplantation of faeces from UC patients with a high abundance of B. vulgatus proteases into germfree mice induced colitis dependent on protease activity. These results, stemming from a multi-omics approach, improve understanding of functional microbiota alterations that drive UC and provide a resource for identifying other pathways that could be inhibited as a strategy to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Mills
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Parambir S Dulai
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Consuelo Sauceda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Noëmie Daniel
- INSERM U1016, team Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Romana R Gerner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Mario Malfavon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kelly Weldon
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Greg Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marvic Carrillo-Terrazas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - MacKenzie Bryant
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, team Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hiutung Chu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William J Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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25
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Jacenik D, Fichna J, Małecka-Wojciesko E, Mokrowiecka A. Protease-Activated Receptors - Key Regulators of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Progression. J Inflamm Res 2022; 14:7487-7497. [PMID: 35002281 PMCID: PMC8721023 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s335502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis and course of inflammatory bowel diseases are related to both immune system disorders and dysfunction of colon permeability. Moreover, co-existing diseases in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are identified. Currently, there are some therapeutic strategies that affect the function of cytokine/s causing inflammation in the intestinal wall. However, additional approaches which target other components of inflammatory bowel diseases pathogenesis are still needed. Accumulating evidence suggests that proteases and protease-activated receptors seem to be responsible for colitis progression. Experimental and observational studies showed alteration of protease-activated receptors expression in the colon of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Furthermore, it was suggested that the expression of protease-activated receptors correlated with inflammatory bowel diseases activity. Moreover, regulation of protease-activated receptors seems to be responsible for the modulation of colitis and clinical manifestation of inflammatory bowel diseases. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge about the contribution of protease-activated receptors to Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and its implications for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Jacenik
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Małecka-Wojciesko
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Mokrowiecka
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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26
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Crifo B, MacNaughton WK. Cells and mediators of inflammation as effectors of epithelial repair in the inflamed intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G169-G182. [PMID: 34878937 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00194.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal and histological healing have become the gold standards for assessing the efficacy of therapy in patients living with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Despite these being the accepted goals in therapy, the mechanisms that underlie the healing of the mucosa after an inflammatory insult are not well understood, and many patients fail to meet this therapeutic endpoint. Here we review the emerging evidence that mediators (e.g., prostaglandins, cytokines, proteases, reactive oxygen, and nitrogen species) and innate immune cells (e.g., neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages), that are involved in the initiation of the inflammatory response, are also key players in the mechanisms underlying mucosal healing to resolve chronic inflammation in the colon. The dual function mediators comprise an inflammation/repair program that returns damaged tissue to homeostasis. Understanding details of the dual mechanisms of these mediators and cells may provide the basis for the development of drugs that can help to stimulate epithelial repair in patients affected by IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Crifo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wallace K MacNaughton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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27
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Motta JP, Deraison C, Le Grand S, Le Grand B, Vergnolle N. PAR-1 Antagonism to Promote Gut Mucosa Healing in Crohn's Disease Patients: A New Avenue for CVT120165. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:S33-S37. [PMID: 34791291 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new paradigm has been added for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In addition to resolving symptoms and inflammatory cell activation, the objective of tissue repair and mucosal healing is also now considered a primary goal. In the search of mediators that would be responsible for delayed mucosal healing, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) has emerged as a most interesting target. Indeed, in Crohn's disease, the endogenous PAR-1 agonist thrombin is drastically activated. Activation of PAR-1 is known to be associated with epithelial dysfunctions that hamper mucosal homeostasis. This review gathers the scientific evidences of a potential role for PAR-1 in mucosal damage and mucosal dysfunctions associated with chronic intestinal inflammation. The potential clinical benefits of PAR-1 antagonism to promote mucosal repair in CD patients are discussed. Targeted local delivery of a PAR-1 antagonist molecule such as CVT120165, a formulated version of the FDA-approved PAR-1 antagonist vorapaxar, at the mucosa of Crohn's disease patients could be proposed as a new indication for IBD that could be rapidly tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, U1220, CHU Purpan, CS60039, Toulouse, France.,CVasThera, Arobase Castres-Mazamet, Castres, France
| | - Celine Deraison
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, U1220, CHU Purpan, CS60039, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, U1220, CHU Purpan, CS60039, Toulouse, France.,Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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28
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Burster T, Mustafa Z, Myrzakhmetova D, Zhanapiya A, Zimecki M. Hindrance of the Proteolytic Activity of Neutrophil-Derived Serine Proteases by Serine Protease Inhibitors as a Management of Cardiovascular Diseases and Chronic Inflammation. Front Chem 2021; 9:784003. [PMID: 34869231 PMCID: PMC8634265 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.784003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During inflammation neutrophils become activated and segregate neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) to the surrounding environment in order to support a natural immune defense. However, an excess of proteolytic activity of NSPs can cause many complications, such as cardiovascular diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders, which will be elucidated on a biochemical and immunological level. The application of selective serine protease inhibitors is the logical consequence in the management of the indicated comorbidities and will be summarized in this briefing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhadyra Mustafa
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara Myrzakhmetova
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Anuar Zhanapiya
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Michal Zimecki
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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29
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De bruyn M, Ceuleers H, Hanning N, Berg M, De Man JG, Hulpiau P, Hermans C, Stenman UH, Koistinen H, Lambeir AM, De Winter BY, De Meester I. Proteolytic Cleavage of Bioactive Peptides and Protease-Activated Receptors in Acute and Post-Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10711. [PMID: 34639054 PMCID: PMC8509398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome has been studied extensively using synthetic fluorogenic substrates targeting specific sets of proteases. We explored activities in colonic tissue from a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis rat model by investigating the cleavage of bioactive peptides. Pure trypsin- and elastase-like proteases on the one hand and colonic tissue from rats with TNBS-induced colitis in the acute or post-inflammatory phase on the other, were incubated with relevant peptides to identify their cleavage pattern by mass spectrometry. An increased cleavage of several peptides was observed in the colon from acute colitis rats. The tethered ligand (TL) sequences of peptides mimicking the N-terminus of protease-activated receptors (PAR) 1 and 4 were significantly unmasked by acute colitis samples and these cleavages were positively correlated with thrombin activity. Increased cleavage of β-endorphin and disarming of the TL-sequence of the PAR3-based peptide were observed in acute colitis and linked to chymotrypsin-like activity. Increased processing of the enkephalins points to the involvement of proteases with specificities different from trypsin- or chymotrypsin-like enzymes. In conclusion, our results suggest thrombin, chymotrypsin-like proteases and a set of proteases with different specificities as potential therapeutic targets in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle De bruyn
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (A.-M.L.)
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
| | - Hannah Ceuleers
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Nikita Hanning
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maya Berg
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
| | - Joris G. De Man
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Paco Hulpiau
- Bioinformatics Knowledge Center (BiKC), Howest University of Applied Sciences, 8000 Bruges, Belgium; (P.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Cedric Hermans
- Bioinformatics Knowledge Center (BiKC), Howest University of Applied Sciences, 8000 Bruges, Belgium; (P.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (U.-H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (U.-H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (A.-M.L.)
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
| | - Benedicte Y. De Winter
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.D.b.); (A.-M.L.)
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.C.); (N.H.); (M.B.); (J.G.D.M.); (B.Y.D.W.)
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Solà Tapias N, Denadai-Souza A, Rolland-Fourcade C, Quaranta-Nicaise M, Blanpied C, Marcellin M, Edir A, Rolland C, Cirillo C, Dietrich G, Alric L, Portier G, Kirzin S, Bonnet D, Mas E, Burlet-Schiltz O, Deraison C, Bonnart C, Vergnolle N, Barreau F. Colitis Linked to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induces Trypsin Activity Affecting Epithelial Functions. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1528-1541. [PMID: 33609354 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal epithelial cells [IECs] from inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients exhibit an excessive induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress [ER stress] linked to altered intestinal barrier function and inflammation. Colonic tissues and the luminal content of IBD patients are also characterized by increased serine protease activity. The possible link between ER stress and serine protease activity in colitis-associated epithelial dysfunctions is unknown. We aimed to study the association between ER stress and serine protease activity in enterocytes and its impact on intestinal functions. METHODS The impact of ER stress induced by Thapsigargin on serine protease secretion was studied using either human intestinal cell lines or organoids. Moreover, treating human intestinal cells with protease-activated receptor antagonists allowed us to investigate ER stress-resulting molecular mechanisms that induce proteolytic activity and alter intestinal epithelial cell biology. RESULTS Colonic biopsies from IBD patients exhibited increased epithelial trypsin-like activity associated with elevated ER stress. Induction of ER stress in human intestinal epithelial cells displayed enhanced apical trypsin-like activity. ER stress-induced increased trypsin activity destabilized intestinal barrier function by increasing permeability and by controlling inflammatory mediators such as C-X-C chemokine ligand 8 [CXCL8]. The deleterious impact of ER stress-associated trypsin activity was specifically dependent on the activation of protease-activated receptors 2 and 4. CONCLUSIONS Excessive ER stress in IECs caused an increased release of trypsin activity that, in turn, altered intestinal barrier function, promoting the development of inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Solà Tapias
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Marlène Marcellin
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carla Cirillo
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), TARGID, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Mas
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Pole Digestif, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frédérick Barreau
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Al-Essa MK, Alzayadneh E, Al-Hadidi K. Assessment of Proteolysis by Pyrylium and Other Fluorogenic Reagents. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:809-816. [PMID: 33390107 PMCID: PMC9175085 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528999201231214954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims We aim to evaluate the potential application of amine reactive fluorogenic reagents for estimating enzymatic proteolysis. Background Proteolytic enzymes play important roles in regulating many physiological processes in living organisms. Objectives
Assessment of protein degradation by using reagents for protein assay techniques. Methods We have assayed samples at the start and after 30-60 minutes incubation with trypsin by Chromeo P503 (Py 1 pyrylium compound) and CBQCA (3-(4-carboxybenzoyl) quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde) as amine reactive reagents and NanoOrange as non-amine reactive dye. Results All BSA prepared samples with trypsin have shown significantly higher fluorescence intensity (FI) versus controls (which reflects proteolysis) when assayed by Chromeo P503 (Py 1 pyrylium compound) and CBQCA (3-(4-carboxybenzoyl) quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde) as amine reactive reagents. However, same samples assayed with NanoOrange as non-amine reactive reagent did not show any significant variation between samples containing trypsin and controls. Conclusion These results are confirming reliability of highly sensitive protein assays utilizing amine reactive fluorogenic reagents for general estimation of proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K Al-Essa
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Ebaa Alzayadneh
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Kamal Al-Hadidi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Najjar SA, Albers KM. Pain in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Optogenetic Strategies for Study of Neural-Epithelial Signaling. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2021; 3:otab040. [PMID: 34805983 PMCID: PMC8600958 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal pain is common in patients with active inflammation of the colon but can persist even in its absence, suggesting other mechanisms of pain signaling. Recent findings suggest colon epithelial cells are direct regulators of pain-sensing neurons. Optogenetic activation of epithelial cells evoked nerve firing and pain-like behaviors. Inhibition of epithelial cells caused the opposite effect, reducing responses to colon distension and inflammatory hypersensitivity. Thus, epithelial cells alone can regulate the activation of pain circuits. Future goals are to define the anatomical and cellular mechanisms that underlie epithelial-neural pain signaling and how it is altered in response to colon inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Najjar
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Present address: Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn M Albers
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Address correspondence to: Kathryn M. Albers, PhD, Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA ()
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Van Spaendonk H, Ceuleers H, Smet A, Berg M, Joossens J, Van der Veken P, Francque SM, Lambeir AM, De Man JG, De Meester I, Augustyns K, De Winter BY. The Effect of a Novel Serine Protease Inhibitor on Inflammation and Intestinal Permeability in a Murine Colitis Transfer Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682065. [PMID: 34248633 PMCID: PMC8264366 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A protease/antiprotease disbalance is observed in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We therefore studied the effect of the novel serine protease inhibitor UAMC-00050 on intestinal inflammation and permeability in a chronic colitis T cell transfer mouse model to get further insight into the regulation of T cell-mediated immunopathology. Methods: Colitis was induced in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, by the adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25-CD62L+ T cells. Animals were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) 2x/day with vehicle or UAMC-00050 (5 mg/kg) from week 2 onwards. Colonic inflammation was assessed by clinical parameters, colonoscopy, macroscopy, microscopy, myeloperoxidase activity and cytokine expression levels. At week 4, 4 kDa FITC-dextran intestinal permeability was evaluated and T helper transcription factors, protease-activated receptors and junctional proteins were quantified by RT-qPCR. Results: Adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25-CD62L+ T cells resulted in colonic inflammation and an altered intestinal permeability. The serine protease inhibitor UAMC-00050 ameliorated both the inflammatory parameters and the intestinal barrier function. Furthermore, a decrease in colonic mRNA expression of Tbet and PAR4 was observed in colitis mice after UAMC-00050 treatment. Conclusion: The beneficial effect of UAMC-00050 on inflammation was apparent via a reduction of Tbet, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Based on these results, we hypothesize a pivotal effect of serine protease inhibition on the Th1 inflammatory profile potentially mediated via PAR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Van Spaendonk
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hannah Ceuleers
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maya Berg
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Joossens
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van der Veken
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sven M Francque
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joris G De Man
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Infla-Med, Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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Mkaouar H, Mariaule V, Rhimi S, Hernandez J, Kriaa A, Jablaoui A, Akermi N, Maguin E, Lesner A, Korkmaz B, Rhimi M. Gut Serpinome: Emerging Evidence in IBD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116088. [PMID: 34200095 PMCID: PMC8201313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are incurable disorders whose prevalence and global socioeconomic impact are increasing. While the role of host genetics and immunity is well documented, that of gut microbiota dysbiosis is increasingly being studied. However, the molecular basis of the dialogue between the gut microbiota and the host remains poorly understood. Increased activity of serine proteases is demonstrated in IBD patients and may contribute to the onset and the maintenance of the disease. The intestinal proteolytic balance is the result of an equilibrium between the proteases and their corresponding inhibitors. Interestingly, the serine protease inhibitors (serpins) encoded by the host are well reported; in contrast, those from the gut microbiota remain poorly studied. In this review, we provide a concise analysis of the roles of serine protease in IBD physiopathology and we focus on the serpins from the gut microbiota (gut serpinome) and their relevance as a promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héla Mkaouar
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Vincent Mariaule
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Soufien Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Juan Hernandez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences (Oniris), University of Nantes, 101 Route de Gachet, 44300 Nantes, France;
| | - Aicha Kriaa
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Amin Jablaoui
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Nizar Akermi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Uniwersytet Gdanski, Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, PL80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, “Research Center for Respiratory Diseases” and University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Staśkiewicz A, Ledwoń P, Rovero P, Papini AM, Latajka R. Triazole-Modified Peptidomimetics: An Opportunity for Drug Discovery and Development. Front Chem 2021; 9:674705. [PMID: 34095086 PMCID: PMC8172596 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.674705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidomimetics play a fundamental role in drug design due to their preferential properties regarding natural peptides. In particular, compounds possessing nitrogen-containing heterocycles have been intensively studied in recent years. The triazolyl moiety incorporation decreases the molecule susceptibility to enzymatic degradation, reduction, hydrolysis, and oxidation. In fact, peptides containing triazole rings are a typical example of peptidomimetics. They have all the advantages over classic peptides. Both efficient synthetic methods and biological activity make these systems an interesting and promising object of research. Peptide triazole derivatives display a diversity of biological properties and can be obtained via numerous synthetic strategies. In this review, we have highlighted the importance of the triazole-modified peptidomimetics in the field of drug design. We present an overview on new achievements in triazolyl-containing peptidomimetics synthesis and their biological activity as inhibitors of enzymes or against cancer, viruses, bacteria, or fungi. The relevance of above-mentioned compounds was confirmed by their comparison with unmodified peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Staśkiewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Patrycja Ledwoń
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Rafal Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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36
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Galipeau HJ, Caminero A, Turpin W, Bermudez-Brito M, Santiago A, Libertucci J, Constante M, Raygoza Garay JA, Rueda G, Armstrong S, Clarizio A, Smith MI, Surette MG, Bercik P, Croitoru K, Verdu EF. Novel Fecal Biomarkers That Precede Clinical Diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1532-1545. [PMID: 33310084 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Altered gut microbiota composition and function have been associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC), but the causality and mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS We applied 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, shotgun metagenomic sequencing, in vitro functional assays, and gnotobiotic colonizations to define the microbial composition and function in fecal samples obtained from a cohort of healthy individuals at risk for inflammatory bowel diseases (pre-UC) who later developed UC (post-UC) and matched healthy control individuals (HCs). RESULTS Microbiota composition of post-UC samples was different from HC and pre-UC samples; however, functional analysis showed increased fecal proteolytic and elastase activity before UC onset. Metagenomics identified more than 22,000 gene families that were significantly different between HC, pre-UC, and post-UC samples. Of these, 237 related to proteases and peptidases, suggesting a bacterial component to the pre-UC proteolytic signature. Elastase activity inversely correlated with the relative abundance of Adlercreutzia and other potentially beneficial taxa and directly correlated with known proteolytic taxa, such as Bacteroides vulgatus. High elastase activity was confirmed in Bacteroides isolates from fecal samples. The bacterial contribution and functional significance of the proteolytic signature were investigated in germ-free adult mice and in dams colonized with HC, pre-UC, or post-UC microbiota. Mice colonized with or born from pre-UC-colonized dams developed higher fecal proteolytic activity and an inflammatory immune tone compared with HC-colonized mice. CONCLUSIONS We have identified increased fecal proteolytic activity that precedes the clinical diagnosis of UC and associates with gut microbiota changes. This proteolytic signature may constitute a noninvasive biomarker of inflammation to monitor at-risk populations that can be targeted therapeutically with antiproteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Galipeau
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Alberto Caminero
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Williams Turpin
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miriam Bermudez-Brito
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Alba Santiago
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Josie Libertucci
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Marco Constante
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gaston Rueda
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sarah Armstrong
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Alex Clarizio
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Michelle I Smith
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Surette
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kenneth Croitoru
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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Mariaule V, Kriaa A, Soussou S, Rhimi S, Boudaya H, Hernandez J, Maguin E, Lesner A, Rhimi M. Digestive Inflammation: Role of Proteolytic Dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062817. [PMID: 33802197 PMCID: PMC7999743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the proteolytic balance is often associated with diseases. Serine proteases and matrix metalloproteases are involved in a multitude of biological processes and notably in the inflammatory response. Within the framework of digestive inflammation, several studies have stressed the role of serine proteases and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) as key actors in its pathogenesis and pointed to the unbalance between these proteases and their respective inhibitors. Substantial efforts have been made in developing new inhibitors, some of which have reached clinical trial phases, notwithstanding that unwanted side effects remain a major issue. However, studies on the proteolytic imbalance and inhibitors conception are directed toward host serine/MMPs proteases revealing a hitherto overlooked factor, the potential contribution of their bacterial counterpart. In this review, we highlight the role of proteolytic imbalance in human digestive inflammation focusing on serine proteases and MMPs and their respective inhibitors considering both host and bacterial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mariaule
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Aicha Kriaa
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Souha Soussou
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Soufien Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Houda Boudaya
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Juan Hernandez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences (Oniris), University of Nantes, 101 Route de Gachet, 44300 Nantes, France;
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.M.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (S.R.); (H.B.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Abji F, Rasti M, Gómez-Aristizábal A, Muytjens C, Saifeddine M, Mihara K, Motahhari M, Gandhi R, Viswanathan S, Hollenberg MD, Oikonomopoulou K, Chandran V. Proteinase-Mediated Macrophage Signaling in Psoriatic Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:629726. [PMID: 33763056 PMCID: PMC7982406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.629726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Multiple proteinases are present in the synovial fluid (SF) of an arthritic joint. We aimed to identify inflammatory cell populations present in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) SF compared to osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), identify their proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) signaling function and characterize potentially active SF serine proteinases that may be PAR2 activators. Methods Flow cytometry was used to characterize SF cells from PsA, RA, OA patients; PsA SF cells were further characterized by single cell 3’-RNA-sequencing. Active serine proteinases were identified through cleavage of fluorogenic trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like substrates, activity-based probe analysis and proteomics. Fluo-4 AM was used to monitor intracellular calcium cell signaling. Cytokine expression was evaluated using a multiplex Luminex panel. Results PsA SF cells were dominated by monocytes/macrophages, which consisted of three populations representing classical, non-classical and intermediate cells. The classical monocytes/macrophages were reduced in PsA compared to OA/RA, whilst the intermediate population was increased. PAR2 was elevated in OA vs. PsA/RA SF monocytes/macrophages, particularly in the intermediate population. PAR2 expression and signaling in primary PsA monocytes/macrophages significantly impacted the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Trypsin-like serine proteinase activity was elevated in PsA and RA SF compared to OA, while chymotrypsin-like activity was elevated in RA compared to PsA. Tryptase-6 was identified as an active serine proteinase in SF that could trigger calcium signaling partially via PAR2. Conclusion PAR2 and its activating proteinases, including tryptase-6, can be important mediators of inflammation in PsA. Components within this proteinase-receptor axis may represent novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Abji
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mozhgan Rasti
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Carla Muytjens
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Saifeddine
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Koichiro Mihara
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Majid Motahhari
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rajiv Gandhi
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sowmya Viswanathan
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Katerina Oikonomopoulou
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vinod Chandran
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Racaud-Sultan C, Vergnolle N. GSK3β, a Master Kinase in the Regulation of Adult Stem Cell Behavior. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020225. [PMID: 33498808 PMCID: PMC7911451 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult stem cells, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) is at the crossroad of signaling pathways controlling survival, proliferation, adhesion and differentiation. The microenvironment plays a key role in the regulation of these cell functions and we have demonstrated that the GSK3β activity is strongly dependent on the engagement of integrins and protease-activated receptors (PARs). Downstream of the integrin α5β1 or PAR2 activation, a molecular complex is organized around the scaffolding proteins RACK1 and β-arrestin-2 respectively, containing the phosphatase PP2A responsible for GSK3β activation. As a consequence, a quiescent stem cell phenotype is established with high capacities to face apoptotic and metabolic stresses. A protective role of GSK3β has been found for hematopoietic and intestinal stem cells. Latters survived to de-adhesion through PAR2 activation, whereas formers were protected from cytotoxicity through α5β1 engagement. However, a prolonged activation of GSK3β promoted a defect in epithelial regeneration and a resistance to chemotherapy of leukemic cells, paving the way to chronic inflammatory diseases and to cancer resurgence, respectively. In both cases, a sexual dimorphism was measured in GSK3β-dependent cellular functions. GSK3β activity is a key marker for inflammatory and cancer diseases allowing adjusted therapy to sex, age and metabolic status of patients.
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Aguilera-Lizarraga J, Florens MV, Viola MF, Jain P, Decraecker L, Appeltans I, Cuende-Estevez M, Fabre N, Van Beek K, Perna E, Balemans D, Stakenborg N, Theofanous S, Bosmans G, Mondelaers SU, Matteoli G, Ibiza Martínez S, Lopez-Lopez C, Jaramillo-Polanco J, Talavera K, Alpizar YA, Feyerabend TB, Rodewald HR, Farre R, Redegeld FA, Si J, Raes J, Breynaert C, Schrijvers R, Bosteels C, Lambrecht BN, Boyd SD, Hoh RA, Cabooter D, Nelis M, Augustijns P, Hendrix S, Strid J, Bisschops R, Reed DE, Vanner SJ, Denadai-Souza A, Wouters MM, Boeckxstaens GE. Local immune response to food antigens drives meal-induced abdominal pain. Nature 2021; 590:151-156. [PMID: 33442055 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Up to 20% of people worldwide develop gastrointestinal symptoms following a meal1, leading to decreased quality of life, substantial morbidity and high medical costs. Although the interest of both the scientific and lay communities in this issue has increased markedly in recent years, with the worldwide introduction of gluten-free and other diets, the underlying mechanisms of food-induced abdominal complaints remain largely unknown. Here we show that a bacterial infection and bacterial toxins can trigger an immune response that leads to the production of dietary-antigen-specific IgE antibodies in mice, which are limited to the intestine. Following subsequent oral ingestion of the respective dietary antigen, an IgE- and mast-cell-dependent mechanism induced increased visceral pain. This aberrant pain signalling resulted from histamine receptor H1-mediated sensitization of visceral afferents. Moreover, injection of food antigens (gluten, wheat, soy and milk) into the rectosigmoid mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome induced local oedema and mast cell activation. Our results identify and characterize a peripheral mechanism that underlies food-induced abdominal pain, thereby creating new possibilities for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and related abdominal pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aguilera-Lizarraga
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Morgane V Florens
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Francesca Viola
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piyush Jain
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisse Decraecker
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iris Appeltans
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Cuende-Estevez
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Naomi Fabre
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim Van Beek
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eluisa Perna
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dafne Balemans
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Stakenborg
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stavroula Theofanous
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Goele Bosmans
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie U Mondelaers
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sales Ibiza Martínez
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Cintya Lopez-Lopez
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Karel Talavera
- Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yeranddy A Alpizar
- Neuroscience Research group, BIOMED, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ricard Farre
- Mucosal Permeability Lab, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jiyeon Si
- KU Leuven Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- KU Leuven Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Breynaert
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cédric Bosteels
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ramona A Hoh
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maxim Nelis
- KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven Hendrix
- Department of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Strid
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Raf Bisschops
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David E Reed
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre Denadai-Souza
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mira M Wouters
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy E Boeckxstaens
- Laboratory for Intestinal Neuroimmune Interactions, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium.
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Motta JP, Rolland C, Edir A, Florence AC, Sagnat D, Bonnart C, Rousset P, Guiraud L, Quaranta-Nicaise M, Mas E, Bonnet D, Verdu EF, McKay DM, Buscail E, Alric L, Vergnolle N, Deraison C. Epithelial production of elastase is increased in inflammatory bowel disease and causes mucosal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:667-678. [PMID: 33674762 PMCID: PMC8075934 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance between proteases and their inhibitors plays a crucial role in the development of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Increased elastolytic activity is observed in the colon of patients suffering from IBD. Here, we aimed at identifying the players involved in elastolytic hyperactivity associated with IBD and their contribution to the disease. We revealed that epithelial cells are a major source of elastolytic activity in healthy human colonic tissues and this activity is greatly increased in IBD patients, both in diseased and distant sites of inflammation. This study identified a previously unrevealed production of elastase 2A (ELA2A) by colonic epithelial cells, which was enhanced in IBD patients. We demonstrated that ELA2A hyperactivity is sufficient to lead to a leaky epithelial barrier. Epithelial ELA2A hyperactivity also modified the cytokine gene expression profile with an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine transcripts, while reducing the expression of pro-resolving and repair factor genes. ELA2A thus appears as a novel actor produced by intestinal epithelial cells, which can drive inflammation and loss of barrier function, two essentials pathophysiological hallmarks of IBD. Targeting ELA2A hyperactivity should thus be considered as a potential target for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ana-Carolina Florence
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - David Sagnat
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Chrystelle Bonnart
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Perrine Rousset
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Guiraud
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Mas
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France ,grid.414018.80000 0004 0638 325XUnité de Gastroentérologie, Hépatologie, Nutrition, Diabétologie et Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Bonnet
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Elena F. Verdu
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Derek M. McKay
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Etienne Buscail
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Céline Deraison
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Dudzińska E, Strachecka A, Gil-Kulik P, Kocki J, Bogucki J, Shemedyuk N, Gryzinska M. Influence of the Treatment Used in Inflammatory Bowel Disease on the Protease Activities. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:1633-1642. [PMID: 33380821 PMCID: PMC7767739 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s267036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is growing evidence that intestinal proteases have a role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has an additional source of proteases represented by infiltrated and activated inflammatory cells. The aim of our study was to determine proteolytic system activity in patients with CD and UC. We limited the number of proteases tested by determining proteases active in acidic, neutral and alkaline pH. Materials and Methods The study included 40 patients with IBD – 20 CD patients and 20 UC patients. The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects. Among the 20 CD patients, 17 were treated with aminosalicylates, 14 with azathioprine, and 4 with corticosteroids, while 8 patients were undergoing biological treatment. Among the 20 UC patients, 19 were treated with aminosalicylates, 8 with azathioprine, and 3 with corticosteroids. The total protein concentration was assayed by the Lowry method. The optimal pH was assayed in pH from 2.2 to 12.8, separated by 0.2 intervals. Proteolytic activities were determined against different substrates (gelatine, haemoglobin, ovalbumin, albumin, cytochrome C, and casein), and haemoglobin was the optimal substrate. Protease activities were determined according to Anson method. Determination of the activities of natural inhibitors of acidic, neutral and alkaline proteases is based on the Lee and Lin method. Results Decreases were observed in the activities of acid proteases (pH 5), alkaline proteases (pH 7), and neutral proteases (pH 7.6 and 8.6) in the groups of CD patients in remission in comparison with the active phase. In the group of patients with biologically treated CD patients, acid protease activity (pH 5.0) was lower than in CD patients not receiving biological treatment. Activities of neutral (pH 7.0) and alkaline (pH 7.6 and 8.6) proteases in the plasma of patients with UC in remission were lower in comparison to the active phase. Activities of acid (pH 5.0) and alkaline (8.6) protease inhibitors were higher in CD patients in the active phase in comparison to remission. In UC patients with exacerbation of the disease, the activity of alkaline (pH 8.6) protease inhibitors was increased compared to remission. Conclusion 1. Our research may suggest that the immunomodulatory treatment used in IBD, aimed at reducing the level of leukocytes and reduction of inflammation, may contribute to a reduction in protease activity. 2. The decrease of protease activities in patients with CD and UC in remission may be a marker suggesting the patients’ response to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Dudzińska
- Chair of Public Health, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Aneta Strachecka
- Subdepartment of General and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin 20-950, Poland
| | - Paulina Gil-Kulik
- Chair of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-080, Poland
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Chair of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-080, Poland
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Natalya Shemedyuk
- Department Biotechnology and Radiology, Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
| | - Magdalena Gryzinska
- Subdepartment of General and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin 20-950, Poland
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Motta JP, Palese S, Giorgio C, Chapman K, Denadai-Souza A, Rousset P, Sagnat D, Guiraud L, Edir A, Seguy C, Alric L, Bonnet D, Bournet B, Buscail L, Gilletta C, Buret AG, Wallace JL, Hollenberg MD, Oswald E, Barocelli E, Le Grand S, Le Grand B, Deraison C, Vergnolle N. Increased Mucosal Thrombin is Associated with Crohn's Disease and Causes Inflammatory Damage through Protease-activated Receptors Activation. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 15:787-799. [PMID: 33201214 PMCID: PMC8095389 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Thrombin levels in the colon of Crohn's disease patients have recently been found to be elevated 100-fold compared with healthy controls. Our aim was to determine whether and how dysregulated thrombin activity could contribute to local tissue malfunctions associated with Crohn's disease. METHODS Thrombin activity was studied in tissues from Crohn's disease patients and healthy controls. Intracolonic administration of thrombin to wild-type or protease-activated receptor-deficient mice was used to assess the effects and mechanisms of local thrombin upregulation. Colitis was induced in rats and mice by the intracolonic administration of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. RESULTS Active forms of thrombin were increased in Crohn's disease patient tissues. Elevated thrombin expression and activity were associated with intestinal epithelial cells. Increased thrombin activity and expression were also a feature of experimental colitis in rats. Colonic exposure to doses of active thrombin comparable to what is found in inflammatory bowel disease tissues caused mucosal damage and tissue dysfunctions in mice, through a mechanism involving both protease-activated receptors -1 and -4. Intracolonic administration of the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran, as well as inhibition of protease-activated receptor-1, prevented trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis in rodent models. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that increased local thrombin activity, as it occurs in the colon of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, causes mucosal damage and inflammation. Colonic thrombin and protease-activated receptor-1 appear as possible mechanisms involved in mucosal damage and loss of function and therefore represent potential therapeutic targets for treating inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France,CVasThera, Arobase Castres-Mazamet, Castres, France
| | - Simone Palese
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France,Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parma, Italia
| | - Carmine Giorgio
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France,Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parma, Italia
| | - Kevin Chapman
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Perrine Rousset
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - David Sagnat
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Guiraud
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Seguy
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Faculty of Medicine, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Bonnet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Barbara Bournet
- Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Faculty of Medicine, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Buscail
- Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Faculty of Medicine, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Andre G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabetta Barocelli
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parma, Italia
| | | | | | - Celine Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada,Corresponding author: Dr Nathalie Vergnolle, PhD, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive [IRSD], INSERM UMR-1220, Purpan Hospital, CS60039, 31024 Toulouse cedex 03, France. Tel.: 33-5-62-74-45-00; fax: 33-5-62-74-45-58;
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Asad S, Wegler C, Ahl D, Bergström CAS, Phillipson M, Artursson P, Teleki A. Proteomics-Informed Identification of Luminal Targets For In Situ Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:239-250. [PMID: 33159915 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition resulting in impaired intestinal homeostasis. Current practices for diagnosis of IBD are challenged by invasive, demanding procedures. We hypothesized that proteomics analysis could provide a powerful tool for identifying clinical biomarkers for non-invasive IBD diagnosis. Here, the global intestinal proteomes from commonly used in vitro and in vivo models of IBD were analyzed to identify apical and luminal proteins that can be targeted by orally delivered diagnostic agents. Global proteomics analysis revealed upregulated plasma membrane proteins in intestinal segments of proximal- and distal colon from dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice and also in inflamed human intestinal Caco-2 cells pretreated with pro-inflammatory agents. The upregulated colon proteins in mice were compared to the proteome of the healthy ileum, to ensure targeting of diagnostic agents to the inflamed colon. Promising target proteins for future investigations of non-invasive diagnosis of IBD were found in both systems and included Tgm2/TGM2, Icam1/ICAM1, Ceacam1/CEACAM1, and Anxa1/ANXA1. Ultimately, these findings will guide the selection of appropriate antibodies for surface functionalization of imaging agents aimed to target inflammatory biomarkers in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shno Asad
- Department of Pharmacy, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christine Wegler
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform (UDOPP), SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Ahl
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Teleki
- Department of Pharmacy, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Parthasarathy A, Mantravadi PK, Kalesh K. Detectives and helpers: Natural products as resources for chemical probes and compound libraries. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107688. [PMID: 32980442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
About 70% of the drugs in use are derived from natural products, either used directly or in chemically modified form. Among all possible small molecules (not greater than 5 kDa), only a few of them are biologically active. Natural product libraries may have a higher rate of finding "hits" than synthetic libraries, even with the use of fewer compounds. This is due to the complementarity between the "chemical space" of small molecules and biological macromolecules such as proteins, DNA and RNA, in addition to the three-dimensional complexity of NPs. Chemical probes are molecules which aid in the elucidation of the biological mechanisms behind the action of drugs or drug-like molecules by binding with macromolecular/cellular interaction partners. Probe development and application have been spurred by advancements in photoaffinity label synthesis, affinity chromatography, activity based protein profiling (ABPP) and instrumental methods such as cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and advanced/hyphenated mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, as well as genome sequencing and bioengineering technologies. In this review, we restrict ourselves to a survey of natural products (including peptides/mini-proteins and excluding antibodies), which have been applied largely in the last 5 years for the target identification of drugs/drug-like molecules used in research on infectious diseases, and the description of their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anutthaman Parthasarathy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, 85 Lomb Memorial Dr, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | | | - Karunakaran Kalesh
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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46
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Solà-Tapias N, Vergnolle N, Denadai-Souza A, Barreau F. The Interplay Between Genetic Risk Factors and Proteolytic Dysregulation in the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:1149-1161. [PMID: 32090263 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] are the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Previous studies reported increased levels of proteolytic activity in stool and tissue samples from IBD patients, whereas the re-establishment of the proteolytic balance abrogates the development of experimental colitis. Furthermore, recent data suggest that IBD occurs in genetically predisposed individuals who develop an abnormal immune response to intestinal microbes once exposed to environmental triggers. In this review, we highlight the role of proteases in IBD pathophysiology, and we showcase how the main cellular pathways associated with IBD influence proteolytic unbalance and how functional proteomics are allowing the unambiguous identification of dysregulated proteases in IBD, paving the way to the development of new protease inhibitors as a new potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Solà-Tapias
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alexandre Denadai-Souza
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédérick Barreau
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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47
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Nagata N, Ohta H, Yamada A, Teoh YB, Ichii O, Morishita K, Sasaki N, Takiguchi M. Activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and serine proteases in samples of the colorectal mucosa of Miniature Dachshunds with inflammatory colorectal polyps. Am J Vet Res 2020; 81:572-580. [PMID: 32584177 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.81.7.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the activities of gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-2 and MMP-9) and serine proteases in the colorectal mucosa of Miniature Dachshunds (MDs) with inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRPs). ANIMALS 15 MDs with ICRPs and 5 dogs with non-ICRP-related large bowel diarrhea (controls). PROCEDURES Zymographic methods were used to evaluate the activities of MMP-2, MMP-9, latent forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (pro-MMP-2 and pro-MMP-9), and serine proteases in inflamed and noninflamed tissue samples from MDs with ICRPs and in noninflamed tissue samples from control dogs. The associations of serine protease activities with MMP-2 or MMP-9 activity were also analyzed. RESULTS Activities of pro-MMP-2 and pro-MMP-9 were detected in most tissue samples, regardless of the tissue type, whereas activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were not detected in control tissue samples. In the inflamed tissue samples from MDs with ICRPs, the activities of MMP-2, pro-MMP-9, and MMP-9 were significantly higher than those in the noninflamed tissue samples from those dogs. Serine protease activities were significantly higher in the inflamed and noninflamed tissue samples from MDs with ICRP, compared with findings for control tissue samples. A weak correlation was detected between serine protease activities and MMP-9 activity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Study results suggested that gelatinase and serine protease activities are upregulated in the colorectal mucosa of MDs with ICRPs, possibly contributing to the pathogenesis of this disease through the functions of these enzymes in degradation of extracellular matrix and promotion of inflammatory cell migration and inflammatory responses.
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d'Aldebert E, Quaranta M, Sébert M, Bonnet D, Kirzin S, Portier G, Duffas JP, Chabot S, Lluel P, Allart S, Ferrand A, Alric L, Racaud-Sultan C, Mas E, Deraison C, Vergnolle N. Characterization of Human Colon Organoids From Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:363. [PMID: 32582690 PMCID: PMC7287042 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders, where epithelial defects drive, at least in part, some of the pathology. We reconstituted human intestinal epithelial organ, by using three-dimension culture of human colon organoids. Our aim was to characterize morphological and functional phenotypes of control (non-IBD) organoids, compared to inflamed organoids from IBD patients. The results generated describe the epithelial defects associated with IBD in primary organoid cultures, and evaluate the use of this model for pharmacological testing of anti-inflammatory approaches. Human colonic tissues were obtained from either surgical resections or biopsies, all harvested in non-inflammatory zones. Crypts were isolated from controls (non-IBD) and IBD patients and were cultured up to 12-days. Morphological (size, budding formation, polarization, luminal content), cell composition (proliferation, differentiation, immaturity markers expression), and functional (chemokine and tight junction protein expression) parameters were measured by immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR or western-blot. The effects of inflammatory cocktail or anti-inflammatory treatments were studied in controls and IBD organoid cultures respectively. Organoid cultures from controls or IBD patients had the same cell composition after 10 to 12-days of culture, but IBD organoid cultures showed an inflammatory phenotype with decreased size and budding capacity, increased cell death, luminal debris, and inverted polarization. Tight junction proteins were also significantly decreased in IBD organoid cultures. Inflammatory cytokine cocktail reproduced this inflammatory phenotype in non-IBD organoids. Clinically used treatments (5-ASA, glucocorticoids, anti-TNF) reduced some, but not all parameters. Inflammatory phenotype is associated with IBD epithelium, and can be studied in organoid cultures. This model constitutes a reliable human pre-clinical model to investigate new strategies targeting epithelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie d'Aldebert
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Quaranta
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Morgane Sébert
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Bonnet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Guillaume Portier
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Pole Digestif, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Sophie Allart
- Plateforme d'Imagerie, CPTP, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Ferrand
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Mas
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Unité de Gastroentérologie, Hépatologie, Nutrition, Diabétologie et Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Curciarello R, Sobande T, Jones S, Giuffrida P, Di Sabatino A, Docena GH, MacDonald TT, Kok K. Human Neutrophil Elastase Proteolytic Activity in Ulcerative Colitis Favors the Loss of Function of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:233-243. [PMID: 32547155 PMCID: PMC7251227 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s234710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Proteases play an essential role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), contributing to the intestinal mucosal lesions through the degradation of the extracellular matrix and alteration of the barrier function. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by an extensive infiltrate of neutrophils into the mucosa and hence, increased proteolytic activity. Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a serine protease that has been reported to be increased in UC patients’ intestinal mucosa. Based on our previous studies, we hypothesized that HNE might induce proteolytic degradation and loss of function of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in IBD patients. Patients and Methods Elastase expression and elastinolytic activity were determined in mucosal explants from ulcerative colitis patients (n=6) and cultured ex vivo in the presence or absence of recombinant elafin. Enzymatic digestions of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies were performed using recombinant HNE and elafin. The integrity of the therapeutic antibodies was evaluated by immunoblotting and protein G binding assay, whereas their TNF-neutralizing activity was assessed with a reporter cell line. Results We found that HNE and its elastinolytic activity were increased in the gut mucosa of UC patients. We also demonstrated that HNE cleaved biological drugs, impairing the TNF-α neutralizing capacity of anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies. This proteolytic degradation was inhibited by the addition of the specific inhibitor, elafin. Conclusion Our results suggest that the high level of proteolytic degradation by mucosal neutrophil elastase, along with a potential imbalance with elafin, contributes to the loss of function of biologic agents, which are currently used in patients with IBD. These findings might explain the non-responsiveness of UC patients to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and suggest the potential beneficial concomitant use of elafin in this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Curciarello
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos IIFP-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centre for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Toni Sobande
- Centre for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Samantha Jones
- Centre for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Giuffrida
- Centre for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Guillermo H Docena
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos IIFP-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thomas T MacDonald
- Centre for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Klaartje Kok
- Centre for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Barts Health NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
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50
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Targeted inhibition of thrombin attenuates murine neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10958-10969. [PMID: 32366656 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912357117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory bowel necrosis of premature infants and an orphan disease with no specific treatment. Most patients with confirmed NEC develop moderate-severe thrombocytopenia requiring one or more platelet transfusions. Here we used our neonatal murine model of NEC-related thrombocytopenia to investigate mechanisms of platelet depletion associated with this disease [K. Namachivayam, K. MohanKumar, L. Garg, B. A. Torres, A. Maheshwari, Pediatr. Res. 81, 817-824 (2017)]. In this model, enteral administration of immunogen trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS) in 10-d-old mouse pups produces an acute necrotizing ileocolitis resembling human NEC within 24 h, and these mice developed thrombocytopenia at 12 to 15 h. We hypothesized that platelet activation and depletion occur during intestinal injury following exposure to bacterial products translocated across the damaged mucosa. Surprisingly, platelet activation began in our model 3 h after TNBS administration, antedating mucosal injury or endotoxinemia. Platelet activation was triggered by thrombin, which, in turn, was activated by tissue factor released from intestinal macrophages. Compared to adults, neonatal platelets showed enhanced sensitivity to thrombin due to higher expression of several downstream signaling mediators and the deficiency of endogenous thrombin antagonists. The expression of tissue factor in intestinal macrophages was also unique to the neonate. Targeted inhibition of thrombin by a nanomedicine-based approach was protective without increasing interstitial hemorrhages in the inflamed bowel or other organs. In support of these data, we detected increased circulating tissue factor and thrombin-antithrombin complexes in patients with NEC. Our findings show that platelet activation is an important pathophysiological event and a potential therapeutic target in NEC.
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