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Jee C, Batsaikhan E. JNK Signaling Positively Regulates Acute Ethanol Tolerance in C. elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6398. [PMID: 38928105 PMCID: PMC11203441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic neurobehavioral condition characterized by a cycle of tolerance development, increased consumption, and reinstated craving and seeking behaviors during withdrawal. Understanding the intricate mechanisms of AUD necessitates reliable animal models reflecting its key features. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), with its conserved nervous system and genetic tractability, has emerged as a valuable model organism to study AUD. Here, we employ an ethanol vapor exposure model in Caenorhabditis elegans, recapitulating AUD features while maintaining high-throughput scalability. We demonstrate that ethanol vapor exposure induces intoxication-like behaviors, acute tolerance, and ethanol preference, akin to mammalian AUD traits. Leveraging this model, we elucidate the conserved role of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling in mediating acute ethanol tolerance. Mutants lacking JNK signaling components exhibit impaired tolerance development, highlighting JNK's positive regulation. Furthermore, we detect ethanol-induced JNK activation in C. elegans. Our findings underscore the utility of C. elegans with ethanol vapor exposure for studying AUD and offer novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying acute ethanol tolerance through JNK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Jee
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennesse Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
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2
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Lee HJ, Choi HJ, Jeong YJ, Na YH, Hong JT, Han JM, Hoe HS, Lim KH. Developing theragnostics for Alzheimer's disease: Insights from cancer treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131925. [PMID: 38685540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its associated economic and societal burdens are on the rise, but there are no curative treatments for AD. Interestingly, this neurodegenerative disease shares several biological and pathophysiological features with cancer, including cell-cycle dysregulation, angiogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, and DNA damage. However, the genetic factors contributing to the overlap in biological processes between cancer and AD have not been actively studied. In this review, we discuss the shared biological features of cancer and AD, the molecular targets of anticancer drugs, and therapeutic approaches. First, we outline the common biological features of cancer and AD. Second, we describe several anticancer drugs, their molecular targets, and their effects on AD pathology. Finally, we discuss how protein-protein interactions (PPIs), receptor inhibition, immunotherapy, and gene therapy can be exploited for the cure and management of both cancer and AD. Collectively, this review provides insights for the development of AD theragnostics based on cancer drugs and molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Lee
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Choi
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Joo Jeong
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Key-Hwan Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Pratt HE, Andrews G, Shedd N, Phalke N, Li T, Pampari A, Jensen M, Wen C, Consortium P, Gandal MJ, Geschwind DH, Gerstein M, Moore J, Kundaje A, Colubri A, Weng Z. Using a comprehensive atlas and predictive models to reveal the complexity and evolution of brain-active regulatory elements. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj4452. [PMID: 38781344 PMCID: PMC11114231 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Most genetic variants associated with psychiatric disorders are located in noncoding regions of the genome. To investigate their functional implications, we integrate epigenetic data from the PsychENCODE Consortium and other published sources to construct a comprehensive atlas of candidate brain cis-regulatory elements. Using deep learning, we model these elements' sequence syntax and predict how binding sites for lineage-specific transcription factors contribute to cell type-specific gene regulation in various types of glia and neurons. The elements' evolutionary history suggests that new regulatory information in the brain emerges primarily via smaller sequence mutations within conserved mammalian elements rather than entirely new human- or primate-specific sequences. However, primate-specific candidate elements, particularly those active during fetal brain development and in excitatory neurons and astrocytes, are implicated in the heritability of brain-related human traits. Additionally, we introduce PsychSCREEN, a web-based platform offering interactive visualization of PsychENCODE-generated genetic and epigenetic data from diverse brain cell types in individuals with psychiatric disorders and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry E. Pratt
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Gregory Andrews
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nicole Shedd
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nishigandha Phalke
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Tongxin Li
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Khoury College of Computer Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anusri Pampari
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Cindy Wen
- Interdepartmental Program in Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Michael J. Gandal
- Interdepartmental Program in Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jill Moore
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrés Colubri
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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4
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Guo MG, Reynolds DL, Ang CE, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Donohue LKH, Siprashvili Z, Yang X, Yoo Y, Mondal S, Hong A, Kain J, Meservey L, Fabo T, Elfaki I, Kellman LN, Abell NS, Pershad Y, Bayat V, Etminani P, Holodniy M, Geschwind DH, Montgomery SB, Duncan LE, Urban AE, Altman RB, Wernig M, Khavari PA. Integrative analyses highlight functional regulatory variants associated with neuropsychiatric diseases. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1876-1891. [PMID: 37857935 PMCID: PMC10859123 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Noncoding variants of presumed regulatory function contribute to the heritability of neuropsychiatric disease. A total of 2,221 noncoding variants connected to risk for ten neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia, were studied in developing human neural cells. Integrating epigenomic and transcriptomic data with massively parallel reporter assays identified differentially-active single-nucleotide variants (daSNVs) in specific neural cell types. Expression-gene mapping, network analyses and chromatin looping nominated candidate disease-relevant target genes modulated by these daSNVs. Follow-up integration of daSNV gene editing with clinical cohort analyses suggested that magnesium transport dysfunction may increase neuropsychiatric disease risk and indicated that common genetic pathomechanisms may mediate specific symptoms that are shared across multiple neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret G Guo
- Stanford Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David L Reynolds
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cheen E Ang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yingfei Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura K H Donohue
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zurab Siprashvili
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xue Yang
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yongjin Yoo
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Smarajit Mondal
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Audrey Hong
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Kain
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Tania Fabo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ibtihal Elfaki
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura N Kellman
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nathan S Abell
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yash Pershad
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mark Holodniy
- Public Health Surveillance and Research, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease & Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laramie E Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander E Urban
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Russ B Altman
- Stanford Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Khavari
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Mosini A, Mazzonetto P, Calió M, Pompeu C, Massinhani F, Nakamura T, Pires J, Silva C, Porcionatto M, Mello L. Temporal pattern of Fos and Jun families expression after mitogenic stimulation with FGF-2 in rat neural stem cells and fibroblasts. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12546. [PMID: 37703106 PMCID: PMC10496756 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense stimulation of most living cells triggers the activation of immediate early genes, such as Fos and Jun families. These genes are important in cellular and biochemical processes, such as mitosis and cell death. The present study focused on determining the temporal expression pattern of Fos and Jun families in fibroblasts and neural stem cells of cerebellum, hippocampus, and subventricular zone (SVZ) of rats of different ages at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 h after stimulation with fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. In neonates, a similar expression pattern was observed in all cells analyzed, with lower expression in basal condition, peak expression at 0.5 h after stimulation, returning to baseline values between 1 and 3 h after stimulation. On the other hand, cells from adult animals only showed Fra1 and JunD expression after stimulation. In fibroblasts and hippocampus, Fra1 reached peak expression at 0.5 h after stimulation, while in the SVZ, peak level was observed at 6 h after stimulation. JunD in fibroblasts presented two peak expressions, at 0.5 and 6 h after stimulation. Between these periods, the expression observed was at a basal level. Nevertheless, JunD expression in SVZ and hippocampus was low and without significant changes after stimulation. Differences in mRNA expression in neonate and adult animals characterize the significant differences in neurogenesis and cell response to stimulation at different stages of development. Characterizing these differences might be important for the development of cell cultures, replacement therapy, and the understanding of the physiological response profile of different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.C. Mosini
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - P.C. Mazzonetto
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M.L. Calió
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C. Pompeu
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F.H. Massinhani
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T.K.E. Nakamura
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J.M. Pires
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C.S. Silva
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M.A. Porcionatto
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L.E. Mello
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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6
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Zhou J, Singh N, Galske J, Hudobenko J, Hu X, Yan R. BACE1 regulates expression of Clusterin in astrocytes for enhancing clearance of β-amyloid peptides. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:31. [PMID: 37143090 PMCID: PMC10161466 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal accumulation of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) in the brain induces a cascade of pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and inhibiting BACE1, which is required for Aβ generation, is therefore being explored for the treatment of AD by reducing Aβ accumulation. As Bace1 knockout mice exhibit increased number of reactive astrocytes and AD brains have reactive astrocytes that surround amyloid plaques, we investigated the role of BACE1 in astrocytes and determined whether BACE1 regulates astrocytic functions. METHODS We conducted unbiased single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) using purified astrocytes from Bace1 KO mice and wild type control littermates. Similar scRNA-seq was also conducted using AD mice with conditional deletion of Bace1 in the adult stage (5xFAD;Bace1fl/fl;UBC-creER compared to 5xFAD;Bace1fl/fl controls). We compared the transcriptomes of astrocyte and reactive astrocyte clusters and identified several differentially expressed genes, which were further validated using Bace1 KO astrocyte cultures. Mice with astrocyte-specific Bace1 knockout in 5xFAD background were used to compare amyloid deposition. Mechanistic studies using cultured astrocytes were used to identify BACE1 substrates for changes in gene expression and signaling activity. RESULTS Among altered genes, Clusterin (Clu) and Cxcl14 were significantly upregulated and validated by measuring protein levels. Moreover, BACE1 deficiency enhanced both astrocytic Aβ uptake and degradation, and this effect was significantly attenuated by siRNA knockdown of Clu. Mechanistic study suggests that BACE1 deficiency abolishes cleavage of astrocytic insulin receptors (IR), and this may enhance expression of Clu and Cxcl14. Acutely isolated astrocytes from astrocyte-specific knockout of Bace1 mice (Bace1 fl/fl;Gfap-cre) show similar increases in CLU and IR. Furthermore, astrocyte-specific knockout of Bace1 in a 5xFAD background resulted in a significant attenuation in cortical Aβ plaque load through enhanced clearance. CONCLUSION Together, our study suggests that BACE1 in astrocytes regulates expression of Clu and Cxcl14, likely via the control of insulin receptor pathway, and inhibition of astrocytic BACE1 is a potential alternative strategy for enhancing Aβ clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, United States
| | - Neeraj Singh
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA
| | - James Galske
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA
| | - Jacob Hudobenko
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA
| | - Xiangyou Hu
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA.
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Di X, Jin X, Ai J, Xiang L, Gao X, Xiao K, Li H, Luo D, Wang K. YAP/Smad3 promotes pathological extracellular matrix microenviroment‐induced bladder smooth muscle proliferation in bladder fibrosis progression. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e169. [PMID: 36176734 PMCID: PMC9477793 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a chronic inflammation process with excess extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition that cannot be reversed. Patients suffer from bladder dysfunction caused by bladder fibrosis. Moreover, the interactive mechanisms between ECM and bladder fibrosis are still obscure. Hence, we assessed the pivotal effect of Yes‐associated protein (YAP) on the proliferation of bladder smooth muscle in fibrosis process. We identified that stiff ECM increased the expression and translocation of YAP in the nucleus of human bladder smooth muscle cell (hBdSMC). Sequencings and proteomics revealed that YAP bound to Smad3 and promoted the proliferation of hBdSMC via MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in stiff ECM. Moreover, CUT and TAG sequencing and dual‐luciferase assays demonstrated that Smad3 inhibited the transcription of JUN. The YAP inhibitor CA3 was used in a partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) rat model. The results showed that CA3 attenuated bladder smooth muscle proliferation. Collectively, YAP binding with Smad3 in the nucleus inhibited the transcription of JUN, and promoted the proliferation of bladder smooth muscle through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. The current study identified a novel mechanism of mechanical force induced bladder fibrosis that provided insights in YAP‐associated organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Peng Di
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology) West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology) West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Jian‐Zhong Ai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology) West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Li‐Yuan Xiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology) West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xiao‐Shuai Gao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology) West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Kai‐Wen Xiao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology) West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology) West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - De‐Yi Luo
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology) West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Kun‐Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology) West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
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8
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Vantaggiato L, Shaba E, Carleo A, Bezzini D, Pannuzzo G, Luddi A, Piomboni P, Bini L, Bianchi L. Neurodegenerative Disorder Risk in Krabbe Disease Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113537. [PMID: 36362324 PMCID: PMC9654610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease (KD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the galactocerebrosidase gene (GALC). Defective GALC causes aberrant metabolism of galactolipids present almost exclusively in myelin, with consequent demyelinization and neurodegeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system (NS). KD shares some similar features with other neuropathies and heterozygous carriers of GALC mutations are emerging with an increased risk in developing NS disorders. In this work, we set out to identify possible variations in the proteomic profile of KD-carrier brain to identify altered pathways that may imbalance its homeostasis and that may be associated with neurological disorders. The differential analysis performed on whole brains from 33-day-old twitcher (galc −/−), heterozygous (galc +/−), and wild-type mice highlighted the dysregulation of several multifunctional factors in both heterozygous and twitcher mice. Notably, the KD-carrier mouse, despite its normal phenotype, presents the deregulation of vimentin, receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1), myelin basic protein (MBP), 2′,3′-cyclic-nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNP), transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase (VCP), and N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 protein (NDRG1) as well as changes in the ubiquitinated-protein pattern. Our findings suggest the carrier may be affected by dysfunctions classically associated with neurodegeneration: (i) alteration of (mechano) signaling and intracellular trafficking, (ii) a generalized affection of proteostasis and lipid metabolism, with possible defects in myelin composition and turnover, and (iii) mitochondrion and energy supply dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Vantaggiato
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Enxhi Shaba
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carleo
- Department of Pulmonology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Daiana Bezzini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pannuzzo
- Department of Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-234938
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Chappell K, Ait Tayeb AEK, Colle R, Bouligand J, El-Asmar K, Gressier F, Trabado S, David DJ, Feve B, Becquemont L, Corruble E, Verstuyft C. The association of ARRB1 polymorphisms with response to antidepressant treatment in depressed patients. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:974570. [PMID: 36386175 PMCID: PMC9644891 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.974570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: β-arrestin 1, a protein encoded by ARRB1 involved in receptor signaling, is a potential biomarker for the response to antidepressant drug (ATD) treatment in depression. We examined ARRB1 genetic variants for their association with response following ATD treatment in METADAP, a cohort of 6-month ATD-treated depressed patients. Methods: Patients (n = 388) were assessed at baseline (M0) and after 1 (M1), 3 (M3), and 6 months (M6) of treatment for Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) changes, response, and remission. Whole-gene ARRB1 variants identified from high-throughput sequencing were separated by a minor allele frequency (MAF)≥5%. Frequent variants (i.e., MAF≥5%) annotated by RegulomeDB as likely affecting transcription factor binding were analyzed using mixed-effects models. Rare variants (i.e., MAF<5%) were analyzed using a variant set analysis. Results: The variant set analysis of rare variants was significant in explaining HDRS score changes (T = 878.9; p = 0.0033) and remission (T = -1974.1; p = 0.034). Rare variant counts were significant in explaining response (p = 0.016), remission (p = 0.022), and HDRS scores at M1 (p = 0.0021) and M3 (p=<0.001). rs553664 and rs536852 were significantly associated with the HDRS score (rs553664: p = 0.0055 | rs536852: p = 0.046) and remission (rs553664: p = 0.026 | rs536852: p = 0.012) through their interactions with time. At M6, significantly higher HDRS scores were observed in rs553664 AA homozygotes (13.98 ± 1.06) compared to AG heterozygotes (10.59 ± 0.86; p = 0.014) and in rs536852 GG homozygotes (14.88 ± 1.10) compared to AG heterozygotes (11.26 ± 0.95; p = 0.0061). Significantly lower remitter rates were observed in rs536852 GG homozygotes (8%, n = 56) compared to AG heterozygotes (42%, n = 105) at M6 (p = 0.0018). Conclusion: Our results suggest ARRB1 variants may influence the response to ATD treatment in depressed patients. Further analysis of functional ARRB1 variants and rare variant burden in other populations would help corroborate our exploratory analysis. β-arrestin 1 and genetic variants of ARRB1 may be useful clinical biomarkers for clinical improvement following ATD treatment in depressed individuals. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov; identifier NCT00526383.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Chappell
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, Team MOODS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Bâtiment Henri MOISSAN, Orsay, France
| | - Abd El Kader Ait Tayeb
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, Team MOODS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Bâtiment Henri MOISSAN, Orsay, France
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Romain Colle
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, Team MOODS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Bâtiment Henri MOISSAN, Orsay, France
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Jérôme Bouligand
- INSERM UMR-S U1185, Faculté de Médecine, University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Khalil El-Asmar
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, Team MOODS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Bâtiment Henri MOISSAN, Orsay, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Florence Gressier
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, Team MOODS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Bâtiment Henri MOISSAN, Orsay, France
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Séverine Trabado
- INSERM UMR-S U1185, Faculté de Médecine, University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Denis Joseph David
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, Team MOODS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Bâtiment Henri MOISSAN, Orsay, France
- CESP, MOODS Team, INSERM UMR 1018, Faculté de Médecine, University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Bruno Feve
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, UMR S938, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Service d’Endocrinologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’Insulino-Sécrétion et de l’Insulino-Sensibilité, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Becquemont
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, Team MOODS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Bâtiment Henri MOISSAN, Orsay, France
- Centre de Recherche Clinique Paris-Saclay, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Emmanuelle Corruble
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- CESP, MOODS Team, INSERM UMR 1018, Faculté de Médecine, University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Céline Verstuyft
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1018, CESP-Inserm, Team MOODS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Bâtiment Henri MOISSAN, Orsay, France
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques Paris-Saclay, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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10
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He YY, Zhou HF, Chen L, Wang YT, Xie WL, Xu ZZ, Xiong Y, Feng YQ, Liu GY, Li X, Liu J, Wu QP. The Fra-1: Novel role in regulating extensive immune cell states and affecting inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954744. [PMID: 36032067 PMCID: PMC9404335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fra-1(Fos-related antigen1), a member of transcription factor activator protein (AP-1), plays an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, inflammation, oncogenesis and tumor metastasis. Accumulating evidence suggest that the malignancy and invasive ability of tumors can be significantly changed by directly targeting Fra-1. Besides, the effects of Fra-1 are gradually revealed in immune and inflammatory settings, such as arthritis, pneumonia, psoriasis and cardiovascular disease. These regulatory mechanisms that orchestrate immune and non-immune cells underlie Fra-1 as a potential therapeutic target for a variety of human diseases. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of Fra-1 in immune system, highlighting its unique importance in regulating tissue homeostasis. In addition, we also discuss the possible critical intervention strategy in diseases, which also outline future research and development avenues.
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11
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Extended intergenic DNA contributes to neuron-specific expression of neighboring genes in the mammalian nervous system. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2733. [PMID: 35585070 PMCID: PMC9117226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian genomes comprise largely intergenic noncoding DNA with numerous cis-regulatory elements. Whether and how the size of intergenic DNA affects gene expression in a tissue-specific manner remain unknown. Here we show that genes with extended intergenic regions are preferentially expressed in neural tissues but repressed in other tissues in mice and humans. Extended intergenic regions contain twice as many active enhancers in neural tissues compared to other tissues. Neural genes with extended intergenic regions are globally co-expressed with neighboring neural genes controlled by distinct enhancers in the shared intergenic regions. Moreover, generic neural genes expressed in multiple tissues have significantly longer intergenic regions than neural genes expressed in fewer tissues. The intergenic regions of the generic neural genes have many tissue-specific active enhancers containing distinct transcription factor binding sites specific to each neural tissue. We also show that genes with extended intergenic regions are enriched for neural genes only in vertebrates. The expansion of intergenic regions may reflect the regulatory complexity of tissue-type-specific gene expression in the nervous system.
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12
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Lu F, Zhang G, Zhu Y, Liu Z. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Attenuates Spinal Motoneuron Death Induced by Brachial Plexus Root Avulsion in Rats. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5139-5154. [PMID: 35579165 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220509204151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Recent studies have indicated that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) benefits a variety of neurological insults. This study was performed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of EGCG after brachial plexus root avulsion in SD rats.
Methods:
One hundred twenty SD rats were randomized into the following three groups: an EGCG group, an Avulsion group, and a Sham group. There were 40 rats in each group. EGCG (100 mg/kg, i.p.) or normal saline was administered to rats immediately following the injuries. The treatment was continued from day 1 to day 7, and the animals were sacrificed on days 3, 7, 14 and 28 post-surgery for the harvesting of spinal cord samples for Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry (caspase-3, p-JNK, p-c-Jun) and western blot analysis (p-JNK, JNK, p-c-Jun, c-Jun).
Results:
EGCG treatment caused significant increases in the percentage of surviving motoneurons at days 14 and 28 (P<0.05) compared to the control animals. At days 3 and 7 after avulsion, the numbers of caspase-3-positive motoneurons in the EGCG-treated animals were significantly fewer than in the control animals (P<0.05). The numbers of p-JNK-positive motoneurons and the ratio of p-JNK/JNK were no significant differences between the Avulsion group and the EGCG-treated group after injury at any time point. The numbers of p-c-Jun-positive motoneurons and the ratio of p-c-Jun/c-Jun were significantly lower in EGCG-treated group compared with the Avulsion group at 3d and 7d after injury (p<0.05).
Conclusions:
Our results indicated that motoneurons were protected by EGCG against the cell death induced by brachial plexus root avulsion, and this effect was correlated with inhibiting c-Jun phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatai Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yingkang Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Zunpeng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, PR China
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13
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Fang J, She J, Lin F, Wu JC, Han R, Sheng R, Wang G, Qin ZH. RRx-001 Exerts Neuroprotection Against LPS-Induced Microglia Activation and Neuroinflammation Through Disturbing the TLR4 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:889383. [PMID: 35462935 PMCID: PMC9020799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.889383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many central nervous system diseases. Here, we investigated the effect of an anti-cancer compound RRx-001 on neuroinflammation and its possible new applications. BV2 cells and primary microglia cells were used to evaluate the role of RRx-001 in LPS-induced microglial activation and inflammatory response in vitro. And, we found that the increase in the synthesis and release of cytokines and the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors in LPS-treated microglial cells were significantly reduced by RRx-001 pretreatment. As the most classical inflammatory pathways, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways were activated by LPS, but were inhibited by RRx-001. Transcription of NLRP3 was also reduced by RRx-001. In addition, LPS induced oxidative stress by increasing the expression of Nox mediated by transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1, while RRx-001 pretreatment ameliorated Nox-mediated oxidative stress. LPS-induced activation of TAK1, an upstream regulator of NF-κB and MAPK pathways, was significantly inhibited by RRx-001 pretreatment, whereas recruitment of MyD88 to TLR4 was not affected by RRx-001. LPS-primed BV2 condition medium induced injury of primary neurons, and this effect was inhibited by RRx-001. Furthermore, we established a neuroinflammatory mouse model by stereotactic injection of LPS into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and RRx-001 dose-dependently reduced LPS-induced microglial activation and loss of TH + neurons in the midbrain. In conclusion, the current study found that RRx-001 suppressed microglia activation and neuroinflammation through targeting TAK1, and may be a candidate for the treatment of neuroinflammation-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing She
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun-Chao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng-Hong Qin,
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14
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Lichlyter DA, Krumm ZA, Golde TA, Doré S. Role of CRF and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in stroke: revisiting temporal considerations and targeting a new generation of therapeutics. FEBS J 2022; 290:1986-2010. [PMID: 35108458 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemic neurovascular stroke represents a leading cause of death in the developed world. Preclinical and human epidemiological evidence implicates the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of neuropeptides as mediators of acute neurovascular injury pathology. Preclinical investigations of the role of CRF, CRF receptors and CRF-dependent activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have pointed toward a tissue-specific and temporal relationship between activation of these pathways and physiological outcomes. Based on the literature, the major phases of ischaemic stroke aetiology may be separated into an acute phase in which CRF and anti-inflammatory stress signalling are beneficial and a chronic phase in which these contribute to neural degeneration, toxicity and apoptotic signalling. Significant gaps in knowledge remain regarding the pathway, temporality and systemic impact of CRF signalling and stress biology in neurovascular injury progression. Heterogeneity among experimental designs poses a challenge to defining the apparent reciprocal relationship between neurological injury and stress metabolism. Despite these challenges, it is our opinion that the elucidated temporality may be best matched with an antibody against CRF with a half-life of days to weeks as opposed to minutes to hours as with small-molecule CRF receptor antagonists. This state-of-the-art review will take a multipronged approach to explore the expected potential benefit of a CRF antibody by modulating CRF and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 signalling, glucocorticoids and autonomic nervous system activity. Additionally, this review compares the modulation of CRF and HPA axis activity in neuropsychiatric diseases and their counterpart outcomes post-stroke and assess lessons learned from antibody therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Lichlyter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zachary A Krumm
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd A Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Pharmaceutics, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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15
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Ogino Y, Bernas T, Greer JE, Povlishock JT. Axonal injury following mild traumatic brain injury is exacerbated by repetitive insult and is linked to the delayed attenuation of NeuN expression without concomitant neuronal death in the mouse. Brain Pathol 2021; 32:e13034. [PMID: 34729854 PMCID: PMC8877729 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) affects brain structure and function and can lead to persistent abnormalities. Repetitive mTBI exacerbates the acute phase response to injury. Nonetheless, its long‐term implications remain poorly understood, particularly in the context of traumatic axonal injury (TAI), a player in TBI morbidity via axonal disconnection, synaptic loss and retrograde neuronal perturbation. In contrast to the examination of these processes in the acute phase of injury, the chronic‐phase burden of TAI and/or its implications for retrograde neuronal perturbation or death have received little consideration. To critically assess this issue, murine neocortical tissue was investigated at acute (24‐h postinjury, 24hpi) and chronic time points (28‐days postinjury, 28dpi) after singular or repetitive mTBI induced by central fluid percussion injury (cFPI). Neurons were immunofluorescently labeled for NeuroTrace and NeuN (all neurons), p‐c‐Jun (axotomized neurons) and DRAQ5 (cell nuclei), imaged in 3D and quantified in automated manner. Single mTBI produced axotomy in 10% of neurons at 24hpi and the percentage increased after repetitive injury. The fraction of p‐c‐Jun+ neurons decreased at 28dpi but without neuronal loss (NeuroTrace), suggesting their reorganization and/or repair following TAI. In contrast, NeuN+ neurons decreased with repetitive injury at 24hpi while the corresponding fraction of NeuroTrace+ neurons decreased over 28dpi. Attenuated NeuN expression was linked exclusively to non‐axotomized neurons at 24hpi which extended to the axotomized at 28dpi, revealing a delayed response of the axotomized neurons. Collectively, we demonstrate an increased burden of TAI after repetitive mTBI, which is most striking in the acute phase response to the injury. Our finding of widespread axotomy in large fields of intact neurons contradicts the notion that repetitive mTBI elicits progressive neuronal death, rather, emphasizing the importance of axotomy‐mediated change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Ogino
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Tytus Bernas
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John E Greer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Surgery, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John T Povlishock
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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16
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Qian X, Lin G, Wang J, Zhang S, Ma J, Yu B, Wu R, Liu M. CircRNA_01477 influences axonal growth via regulating miR-3075/FosB/Stat3 axis. Exp Neurol 2021; 347:113905. [PMID: 34699790 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important for the development and regeneration of the nervous system. We investigated the differential expression profiles of circRNA induced by spinal cord injury and reported that circRNA_01477 facilitates spinal astrocyte proliferation and migration after injury in rats. In this study, we further clarified the function and possible mechanism of action of circRNA_01477 in neurons. Fluorescence in situ hybridization assay revealed that circRNA_01477 is mainly localized in the neuronal cytoplasm. Knockdown of circRNA_01477 significantly increased axonal length. The circRNA_01477/microRNAs (miRNA)/messenger RNA (mRNA) interaction network was investigated using RNA sequencing. miRNA-3075 showed a remarkable increase after circRNA_01477 depletion, and either overexpression of miRNA-3075 or downregulation of its target gene FosB significantly promoted axonal growth. Luciferase reporter assay showed that miRNA-3075 could directly bind to the 3'UTR of FosB and negatively regulated FosB transcription. Dual silencing of circRNA_01477 and miR-3075 revealed that miR-3075 inhibition rescued the increased axon length caused by siCircRNA_01477. Finally, we verified that the Stat3 pathway was activated after FosB protein depletion in rat spinal neurons, while the NF-κB pathway was not altered. In summary, our study is the first to report that circRNA_01477 contributes to axon growth by functioning as miRNA sponge by regulating the miRNA-3075/FosB/Stat3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Qian
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China; Medical School, Nantong University, China; School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China
| | - Junpei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China
| | - Siming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China
| | - Jingyi Ma
- Medical School, Nantong University, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China
| | - Ronghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China.
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, China.
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17
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Kumar S, Shanker OR, Kumari N, Tripathi M, Chandra PS, Dixit AB, Banerjee J. Neuromodulatory effects of SARS-CoV2 infection: Possible therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:509-519. [PMID: 34232801 PMCID: PMC8330012 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1953475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily manifests in the form of respiratory symptoms, emerging evidence suggests that the disease is associated with numerous neurological complications, such as stroke and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Hence, further research is necessary to seek possible therapeutic targets in the CNS for effective management of these complications. AREAS COVERED This review examines the neurological complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections and the possible routes of infection. It progresses to illuminate the possible therapeutic targets for effective management of these neuromodulatory effects and the repurposing of drugs that could serve this purpose. To this end, literature from the year 1998-2021 was derived from PubMed. EXPERT OPINION The neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 may be related to poor prognosis and higher comorbidity. Identification of the key molecular targets in the brain that are potential indicators of the observed neuropathology, such as inflammatory mediators and chromatin modifiers, is key. The repurposing of existing drugs to target potential candidates could reduce the mortality attributed to these associated neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Kumar
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ozasvi R Shanker
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Kumari
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - P Sarat Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Banerjee Dixit
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Wu Z, Nicoll M, Ingham RJ. AP-1 family transcription factors: a diverse family of proteins that regulate varied cellular activities in classical hodgkin lymphoma and ALK+ ALCL. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:4. [PMID: 33413671 PMCID: PMC7792353 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ ALCL) are B and T cell lymphomas respectively, which express the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member, CD30. Another feature shared by cHL and ALK+ ALCL is the aberrant expression of multiple members of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors which includes proteins of the Jun, Fos, ATF, and Maf subfamilies. In this review, we highlight the varied roles these proteins play in the pathobiology of these lymphomas including promoting proliferation, suppressing apoptosis, and evading the host immune response. In addition, we discuss factors contributing to the elevated expression of these transcription factors in cHL and ALK+ ALCL. Finally, we examine therapeutic strategies for these lymphomas that exploit AP-1 transcriptional targets or the signalling pathways they regulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoqiao Wu
- grid.17089.37Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Present Address: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mary Nicoll
- grid.17089.37Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Present Address: Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert J. Ingham
- grid.17089.37Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Goebel U, Scheid S, Spassov S, Schallner N, Wollborn J, Buerkle H, Ulbrich F. Argon reduces microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:192-198. [PMID: 32788476 PMCID: PMC7818862 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.290098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that argon exerts its neuroprotective effect in part by inhibition of the toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4. The downstream transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) are also affected by argon and may play a role in neuroprotection. It also has been demonstrated that argon treatment could mitigate brain damage, reduce excessive microglial activation, and subsequently attenuate brain inflammation. Despite intensive research, the further exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, human neuroblastoma cells were damaged in vitro with rotenone over a period of 4 hours (to mimic cerebral ischemia and reperfusion damage), followed by a 2-hour post-conditioning with argon (75%). In a separate in vivo experiment, retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in rats by increasing intraocular pressure for 1 hour. Upon reperfusion, argon was administered by inhalation for 2 hours. Argon reduced the binding of the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein 1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, which are involved in regulation of neuronal damage. Flow cytometry analysis showed that argon downregulated the Fas ligand. Some transcription factors were regulated by toll-like receptors; therefore, their effects could be eliminated, at least in part, by the TLR2 and TLR4 inhibitor oxidized phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (OxPAPC). Argon treatment reduced microglial activation after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Our results suggest that argon reduced the extent of inflammation in retinal neurons after ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppression of transcription factors crucial for microglial activation. Argon has no known side effects or narcotic properties; therefore, therapeutic use of this noble gas appears ideal for treatment of patients with neuronal damage in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. The animal experiments were approved by the Commission for Animal Care of the University of Freiburg (approval No. 35-9185.81/G14-122) on October 19, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Goebel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheid
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sashko Spassov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Schallner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Wollborn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Buerkle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix Ulbrich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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20
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Nuthikattu S, Milenkovic D, Rutledge JC, Villablanca AC. Sex-Dependent Molecular Mechanisms of Lipotoxic Injury in Brain Microvasculature: Implications for Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8146. [PMID: 33142695 PMCID: PMC7663125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular risk factors and biologic sex play a role in vascular dementia which is characterized by progressive reduction in cognitive function and memory. Yet, we lack understanding about the role sex plays in the molecular mechanisms whereby lipid stress contributes to cognitive decline. Five-week-old low-density lipoprotein deficient (LDL-R -/-) male and female mice and C57BL/6J wild types (WT) were fed a control or Western Diet for 8 weeks. Differential expression of protein coding and non-protein coding genes (DEG) were determined in laser captured hippocampal microvessels using genome-wide microarray, followed by bioinformatic analysis of gene networks, pathways, transcription factors and sex/gender-based analysis (SGBA). Cognitive function was assessed by Y-maze. Bioinformatic analysis revealed more DEGs in females (2412) compared to males (1972). Hierarchical clusters revealed distinctly different sex-specific gene expression profiles irrespective of diet and genotype. There were also fewer and different biologic responses in males compared to females, as well as different cellular pathways and gene networks (favoring greater neuroprotection in females), together with sex-specific transcription factors and non-protein coding RNAs. Hyperlipidemic stress also resulted in less severe cognitive dysfunction in females. This sex-specific pattern of differential hippocampal microvascular RNA expression might provide therapeutic targets for dementia in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saivageethi Nuthikattu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.N.); (D.M.); (J.C.R.)
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.N.); (D.M.); (J.C.R.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - John C. Rutledge
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.N.); (D.M.); (J.C.R.)
| | - Amparo C. Villablanca
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.N.); (D.M.); (J.C.R.)
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21
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Gao Y, Wilson GR, Salce N, Romano A, Mellick GD, Stephenson SEM, Lockhart PJ. Genetic Analysis of RAB39B in an Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease Cohort. Front Neurol 2020; 11:523. [PMID: 32670181 PMCID: PMC7332711 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the gene encoding RAB39B, resulting in the loss of protein function, lead to the development of X-linked early-onset parkinsonism. The gene is located within a chromosomal region that is susceptible to genomic rearrangement, and while an increased dosage of RAB39B was previously associated with cognitive impairment, the potential role of dosage alterations in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains to be determined. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of the genetic variation in RAB39B to the development of early-onset PD. We performed gene dosage studies and sequence analysis in a cohort of 176 individuals with early-onset PD (age of onset ≤ 50 years) of unknown genetic etiology. An assessment of the copy number variation over both coding exons and the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of RAB39B did not identify any alterations in gene dosage. An analysis of the UTRs identified two male individuals carrying single, likely benign, nucleotide variants in the 3'UTR (chrX:154489749-A-G and chrX:154489197-T-G). Furthermore, one novel variant of uncertain significance was identified in the 5'UTR, 229 bp upstream of the start codon (chrX:154493802-C-T). In silico analyses predicted that this variant disrupts a highly conserved transcription factor binding site and could impact RAB39B expression. The results of this study do not support a significant role for genetic variation in RAB39B as contributing to early-onset PD but do highlight that additional molecular studies are required to determine the mechanisms regulating RAB39B expression and their association with the disease. Genetic investigations in larger parkinsonism/PD cohorts and longitudinal studies of individuals with cognitive impairment due to an altered dosage of RAB39B will be required to fully delineate the contribution of RAB39B to parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Gao
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabrielle R Wilson
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas Salce
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra Romano
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - George D Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah E M Stephenson
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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22
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Kondo M, Shibuta I. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1 and 2 as a key molecule in pain research. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:147-149. [PMID: 32224567 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Pain can be divided into nociceptive, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain. It is important to understanding the molecular mechanism of pain signaling in the development of pain relief therapies. Twenty years ago, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1 and 2, which are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily, were identified as molecules activated in neurons by the exposure of peripheral tissues to noxious stimuli. Further studies have revealed that peripheral nerve injury induces ERK activation in glial cells, sensory neurons, and second-order neurons, albeit at different time points. Moreover, inhibition of ERK suppresses pathological pain in animals with peripheral nerve injury. Therefore, ERK is currently recognized as an important molecule in pain signaling and a potential novel target for pain treatment. This review introduces recent advances in revealing the regulation of ERK in pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kondo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Ikuko Shibuta
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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23
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Rodríguez-Berdini L, Caputto BL. Lipid Metabolism in Neurons: A Brief Story of a Novel c-Fos-Dependent Mechanism for the Regulation of Their Synthesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:198. [PMID: 31133814 PMCID: PMC6514095 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that coordinately regulate lipid synthesis in the nervous system together with the high rates of membrane biogenesis needed to support cell growth are largely unknown as are their subcellular site of synthesis. c-Fos, a well-known AP-1 transcription factor, has emerged as a unique protein with the capacity to associate to specific enzymes of the pathway of synthesis of phospholipids at the endoplasmic reticulum and activate their synthesis to accompany genomic decisions of growth. Herein, we discuss this effect of c-Fos in the context of neuronal differentiation and also with respect to pathologies of the nervous system such as the development and growth of tumors. We also provide insights into the sub-cellular sites where this regulation occurs at the endoplasmic reticulum membranes and the molecular mechanism by which c-Fos exerts this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rodríguez-Berdini
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Beatriz L Caputto
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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24
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Stanisavljević A, Perić I, Gass P, Inta D, Lang UE, Borgwardt S, Filipović D. Brain Sub/Region-Specific Effects of Olanzapine on c-Fos Expression of Chronically Socially Isolated Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 396:46-65. [PMID: 30458222 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Olanzapine (Olz) is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat depression, anxiety and schizophrenia, which can be caused by chronic psychosocial stress. c-Fos protein expression has been used as an indirect marker of neuronal activity in response to various forms of stress or pharmacological treatments. We examined the effects of a 3-week treatment of Olz (7.5 mg/kg/day) on c-Fos protein expression in stress-relevant brain sub/regions, its relationship with isolation-induced behavioral changes, and potential sites of Olz action on control and male rats exposed to 6 weeks of chronic social isolation (CSIS), an animal model of depression. Olz treatment reversed depression- and anxiety-like behaviors induced by CSIS and suppressed a CSIS-induced increase in the number of c-Fos-positive cells in subregions of the dorsal hippocampus, ventral (v) DG, retrosplenial cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex. In contrast, no change in c-Fos expression was seen in the CA3v, amygdala and thalamic, hypothalamic or striatal subregions in Olz-treated CSIS rats, suggesting different brain sub/regions' susceptibility to Olz. An increased number of c-Fos-positive cells in the CA1v, amygdala and thalamic, hypothalamic and striatal subregions in controls as well as in the CA1v and subregion of the hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens in Olz-treated CSIS rats was found. Results suggest the activation of brain sub/regions following CSIS that may be involved in depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. Olz treatment showed region-specific effects on neuronal activation. Our data contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the CSIS response and potential brain targets of Olz in socially isolated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Stanisavljević
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Perić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dragos Inta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E Lang
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dragana Filipović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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25
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Russo R, Bonaventura R, Chiaramonte M, Costa C, Matranga V, Zito F. Response to metals treatment of Fra1, a member of the AP-1 transcription factor family, in P. lividus sea urchin embryos. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 139:99-112. [PMID: 29776592 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li), Nickel (Ni), and Zinc (Zn) are metals normally present in the seawater, although they can have adverse effects on the marine ecosystem at high concentrations by interfering with many biological processes. These metals are toxic for sea urchin embryos, affecting their morphology and developmental pathways. In particular, they perturb differently the correct organization of the embryonic axes (animal-vegetal, dorso-ventral): Li is a vegetalizing agent and Ni disrupts the dorso-ventral axis, while Zn has an animalizing effect. To deeply address the response of Paracentrotus lividus embryos to these metals, we studied the expression profiling of Pl-Fra transcription factor (TF), relating it to Pl-jun, a potential partner for AP-1 complex formation, and to Pl-MT, known to be an AP-1 target and to have a protective role against heavy metals. The AP-1 TFs are found throughout the animal kingdom and are involved in many cellular events, i.e. cell proliferation and differentiation, immune and stress responses, cancer growth. Here, we isolated the complete Pl-Fra cDNA and showed that Pl-Fra transcript, already present in the unfertilized eggs, was newly synthesized from the blastula stage, while its spatial distribution was mainly observed in skeletogenic cells, similarly to Pl-jun. Interestingly, Pl-Fra expression was induced by the different metals and the induction kinetics revealed its persistent expression during treatments. Moreover, its temporal and spatial behavior in response to the three metals was comparable to that of Pl-jun and Pl-MT. The understanding of AP-1 functions in invertebrates may provide new knowledge about the mechanisms of response to metal injuries, as well as it might lead to acknowledge the TFs as new type of biomarkers for the evaluation of hazards in polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Russo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Rosa Bonaventura
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Chiaramonte
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Costa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Matranga
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Zito
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
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26
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Knox D, Stanfield BR, Staib JM, David NP, DePietro T, Chamness M, Schneider EK, Keller SM, Lawless C. Using c-Jun to identify fear extinction learning-specific patterns of neural activity that are affected by single prolonged stress. Behav Brain Res 2017; 341:189-197. [PMID: 29292158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neural circuits via which stress leads to disruptions in fear extinction is often explored in animal stress models. Using the single prolonged stress (SPS) model of post traumatic stress disorder and the immediate early gene (IEG) c-Fos as a measure of neural activity, we previously identified patterns of neural activity through which SPS disrupts extinction retention. However, none of these stress effects were specific to fear or extinction learning and memory. C-Jun is another IEG that is sometimes regulated in a different manner to c-Fos and could be used to identify emotional learning/memory specific patterns of neural activity that are sensitive to SPS. Animals were either fear conditioned (CS-fear) or presented with CSs only (CS-only) then subjected to extinction training and testing. C-Jun was then assayed within neural substrates critical for extinction memory. Inhibited c-Jun levels in the hippocampus (Hipp) and enhanced functional connectivity between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) during extinction training was disrupted by SPS in the CS-fear group only. As a result, these effects were specific to emotional learning/memory. SPS also disrupted inhibited Hipp c-Jun levels, enhanced BLA c-Jun levels, and altered functional connectivity among the vmPFC, BLA, and Hipp during extinction testing in SPS rats in the CS-fear and CS-only groups. As a result, these effects were not specific to emotional learning/memory. Our findings suggest that SPS disrupts neural activity specific to extinction memory, but may also disrupt the retention of fear extinction by mechanisms that do not involve emotional learning/memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayan Knox
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
| | - Briana R Stanfield
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Jennifer M Staib
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Nina P David
- School of Public Policy and Administration, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Thomas DePietro
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Marisa Chamness
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Elizabeth K Schneider
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Samantha M Keller
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Caroline Lawless
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
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27
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Astrocyte Elevated Gene 1 Interacts with Acetyltransferase p300 and c-Jun To Promote Tumor Aggressiveness. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00456-16. [PMID: 27956703 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00456-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte elevated gene 1 (AEG-1) is an oncoprotein that strongly promotes the development and progression of cancers. However, the detailed underlying mechanisms through which AEG-1 enhances tumor development and progression remain to be determined. In this study, we identified c-Jun and p300 to be novel interacting partners of AEG-1 in gliomas. AEG-1 promoted c-Jun transcriptional activity by interacting with the c-Jun/p300 complex and inducing c-Jun acetylation. Furthermore, the AEG-1/c-Jun/p300 complex was found to bind the promoter of c-Jun downstream targeted genes, consequently establishing an acetylated chromatin state that favors transcriptional activation. Importantly, AEG-1/p300-mediated c-Jun acetylation resulted in the development of a more aggressive malignant phenotype in gliomas through a drastic increase in glioma cell proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo Consistently, the AEG-1 expression levels in clinical glioma specimens correlated with the status of c-Jun activation. Taken together, our results suggest that AEG-1 mediates a novel epigenetic mechanism that enhances c-Jun transcriptional activity to induce glioma progression and that AEG-1 might be a novel, potential target for the treatment of gliomas.
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28
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Rodríguez-Martínez JA, Reinke AW, Bhimsaria D, Keating AE, Ansari AZ. Combinatorial bZIP dimers display complex DNA-binding specificity landscapes. eLife 2017; 6:e19272. [PMID: 28186491 PMCID: PMC5349851 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
How transcription factor dimerization impacts DNA-binding specificity is poorly understood. Guided by protein dimerization properties, we examined DNA binding specificities of 270 human bZIP pairs. DNA interactomes of 80 heterodimers and 22 homodimers revealed that 72% of heterodimer motifs correspond to conjoined half-sites preferred by partnering monomers. Remarkably, the remaining motifs are composed of variably-spaced half-sites (12%) or 'emergent' sites (16%) that cannot be readily inferred from half-site preferences of partnering monomers. These binding sites were biochemically validated by EMSA-FRET analysis and validated in vivo by ChIP-seq data from human cell lines. Focusing on ATF3, we observed distinct cognate site preferences conferred by different bZIP partners, and demonstrated that genome-wide binding of ATF3 is best explained by considering many dimers in which it participates. Importantly, our compendium of bZIP-DNA interactomes predicted bZIP binding to 156 disease associated SNPs, of which only 20 were previously annotated with known bZIP motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron W Reinke
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Devesh Bhimsaria
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Unites States
| | - Amy E Keating
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Aseem Z Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
- The Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
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29
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Kawashima F, Saito K, Kurata H, Maegaki Y, Mori T. c-jun is differentially expressed in embryonic and adult neural precursor cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 147:721-731. [PMID: 28091742 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
c-jun, a major component of AP-1 transcription factor, has a wide variety of functions. In the embryonic brain, c-jun mRNA is abundantly expressed in germinal layers around the ventricles. Although the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult brain is a derivative of embryonic germinal layers and contains neural precursor cells (NPCs), the c-jun expression pattern is not clear. To study the function of c-jun in adult neurogenesis, we analyzed c-jun expression in the adult SVZ by immunohistochemistry and compared it with that of the embryonic brain. We found that almost all proliferating embryonic NPCs expressed c-jun, but the number of c-jun immunopositive cells among proliferating adult NPCs was about half. In addition, c-jun was hardly expressed in post-mitotic migrating neurons in the embryonic brain, but the majority of c-jun immunopositive cells were tangentially migrating neuroblasts heading toward the olfactory bulb in the adult brain. In addition, status epilepticus is known to enhance the transient proliferation of adult NPCs, but the c-jun expression pattern was not significantly affected. These expression patterns suggest that c-jun has a pivotal role in the proliferation of embryonic NPCs, but it has also other roles in adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Kawashima
- Department of Biological Regulation, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kengo Saito
- Department of Biological Regulation, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kurata
- Department of Biological Regulation, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.,Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Maegaki
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Mori
- Department of Biological Regulation, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
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Kravchick DO, Karpova A, Hrdinka M, Lopez-Rojas J, Iacobas S, Carbonell AU, Iacobas DA, Kreutz MR, Jordan BA. Synaptonuclear messenger PRR7 inhibits c-Jun ubiquitination and regulates NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity. EMBO J 2016; 35:1923-34. [PMID: 27458189 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated c-Jun levels result in apoptosis and are evident in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia and after global cerebral insults including stroke and epilepsy. NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonists block c-Jun upregulation and prevent neuronal cell death following excitotoxic insults. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating c-Jun abundance in neurons are poorly understood. Here, we show that the synaptic component Proline rich 7 (PRR7) accumulates in the nucleus of hippocampal neurons following NMDAR activity. We find that PRR7 inhibits the ubiquitination of c-Jun by E3 ligase SCF(FBW) (7) (FBW7), increases c-Jun-dependent transcriptional activity, and promotes neuronal death. Microarray assays show that PRR7 abundance is directly correlated with transcripts associated with cellular viability. Moreover, PRR7 knockdown attenuates NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity in neuronal cultures in a c-Jun-dependent manner. Our results show that PRR7 links NMDAR activity to c-Jun function and provide new insights into the molecular processes that underlie NMDAR-dependent excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana O Kravchick
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anna Karpova
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matous Hrdinka
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Lopez-Rojas
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sanda Iacobas
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Abigail U Carbonell
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dumitru A Iacobas
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function", Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bryen A Jordan
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Pang X, Panee J. Anti-inflammatory Function of Phyllostachys Edulis Extract in the Hippocampus of HIV-1 Transgenic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2. [PMID: 27398410 DOI: 10.16966/2380-5536.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
HIV induces neuroinflammation. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of an extract from bamboo Phyllostachys edulis in the hippocampus of HIV-1 transgenic (TG) rats. Five (5) one-month-old TG rats and 5 Fisher 344 (F344) rats were fed a control diet, another 5 TG rats were fed the control diet supplemented with bamboo extract (BEX, 11 grams dry mass per 4057 Kcal). After 9 months of dietary treatment, the gene and protein expression of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), and the protein expression p65 and c-Jun were analyzed in the hippocampus. Compared to the F344 rats, the TG rats fed control diet showed significantly higher protein expression of GFAP and c-Jun, and mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β. BEX supplement to the TG rats significantly lowered protein expressions of GFAP, p65, and c-Jun, and showed a trend to decrease the protein expression of IL-1β. Compared to the TG rats, TG+BEX rats also downregulated the mRNA levels of IL-1β and TNFα. In summary, neuroinflammation mediated by the NFκB and AP-1 pathways in the hippocampus of the TG rats was effectively abolished by dietary supplement of BEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosha Pang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street BSB 222, Honolulu HI 96813
| | - Jun Panee
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street BSB 222, Honolulu HI 96813
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Kaminska B, Mota M, Pizzi M. Signal transduction and epigenetic mechanisms in the control of microglia activation during neuroinflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:339-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zakhvataev VE. Possible scenarios of the influence of low-dose ionizing radiation on neural functioning. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:723-35. [PMID: 26526727 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Possible scenarios of the influence of ionizing radiation on neural functioning and the CNS are suggested. We argue that the radiation-induced bystander mechanisms associated with Ca(2+) flows, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, and cytokines might lead to modulation of certain neuronal signaling pathways. The considered scenarios of conjugation of the bystander signaling and the neuronal signaling might result in modulation of certain synaptic receptors, neurogenesis, neurotransmission, channel conductance, synaptic signaling, different forms of neural plasticity, memory formation and storage, and learning. On this basis, corresponding new possible strategies for treating neurodegenerative deceases and mental disorders are proposed. The mechanisms considered might also be associated with neuronal survival and relevant to the treatment for brain injuries. At the same time, these mechanisms might be associated with detrimental effects and might facilitate the development of some neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir E Zakhvataev
- Neuroinformatics Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Biological Action of Low-Intensity Factors, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
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Ahn JY, Tae HJ, Cho JH, Kim IH, Ahn JH, Park JH, Kim DW, Cho JH, Won MH, Hong S, Lee JC, Seo JY. Activation of immediate-early response gene c-Fos protein in the rat paralimbic cortices after myocardial infarction. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1251-7. [PMID: 26487852 PMCID: PMC4590237 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.162757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Fos is a good biological marker for detecting the pathogenesis of central nervous system disorders. Few studies are reported on the change in myocardial infarction-induced c-Fos expression in the paralimbic regions. Thus, in this study, we investigated the changes in c-Fos expression in the rat cingulate and piriform cortices after myocardial infarction. Neuronal degeneration in cingulate and piriform cortices after myocardial infarction was detected using cresyl violet staining, NeuN immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence staining. c-Fos-immunoreactive cells were observed in cingulate and piriform cortices at 3 days after myocardial infarction and peaked at 7 and 14 days after myocardial infarction. But they were hardly observed at 56 days after myocardial infarction. The chronological change of c-Fos expression determined by western blot analysis was basically the same as that of c-Fos immunoreactivity. These results indicate that myocardial infarction can cause the chronological change of immediate-early response gene c-Fos protein expression, which might be associated with the neural activity induced by myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, South Korea ; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seongkweon Hong
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Yeol Seo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Yuan Q, Su H, Wu W, Lin ZX. P75 and phosphorylated c-Jun are differentially regulated in spinal motoneurons following axotomy in rats. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:2005-11. [PMID: 25624831 PMCID: PMC4296419 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.26.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophin receptor (p75) activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Activation of JNK and its substrate c-Jun can cause apoptosis. Here we evaluate the role of p75 in spinal motoneurons by comparing immunoreactivity for p75 and phosphorylated c-Jun (p-c-Jun), the production of JNK activation in axotomized motoneurons in postnatal day (PN)1, PN7, PN14 and adult rats. Intensive p-c-Jun was induced in axotomized motoneurons in PN1 and PN7. In PN14, p-c-Jun expression was sharply reduced after the same injury. The decreased expression of p-c-Jun at this age coincided with a developmental switch of re-expression of p75 in axotomized cells. In adult animals, no p-c-Jun but intensive p75 was detected in axotomized motoneurons. These results indicate differential expression or turnover of phosphorylation of c-Jun and p75 in immature versus mature spinal motoneurons in response to axonal injury. The non-co-occurrence of p75 and p-c-Jun in injured motoneurons indicated that p75 may not activate JNK pathway, suggesting that the p75 may not be involved in cell death in axotomized motoneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wutian Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China ; Joint Laboratory for Brain Function and Health (BFAH), Jinan University and the University of Hong Kong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Fu X, Gao H, Tian F, Gao J, Lou L, Liang Y, Ning Q, Luo X. Mechanistic effects of amino acids and glucose in a novel glutaric aciduria type 1 cell model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110181. [PMID: 25333616 PMCID: PMC4198201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute neurological crises involving striatal degeneration induced by a deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) and the accumulation of glutaric (GA) and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (3-OHGA) are considered to be the most striking features of glutaric aciduria type I (GA1). In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of apoptosis and energy metabolism impairment in our novel GA1 neuronal model. We also explored the effects of appropriate amounts of amino acids (2 mM arginine, 2 mM homoarginine, 0.45 g/L tyrosine and 10 mM leucine) and 2 g/L glucose on these cells. Our results revealed that the novel GA1 neuronal model effectively simulates the hypermetabolic state of GA1. We found that leucine, tyrosine, arginine, homoarginine or glucose treatment of the GA1 model cells reduced the gene expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, bax, fos, and jun and restored the intracellular NADH and ATP levels. Tyrosine, arginine or homoarginine treatment in particular showed anti-apoptotic effects; increased α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDC), fumarase (FH), and citrate synthase (CS) expression; and relieved the observed impairment in energy metabolism. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the protective mechanisms of amino acids and glucose in GA1 at the cellular level from the point of view of apoptosis and energy metabolism. Our data support the results of previous studies, indicating that supplementation of arginine and homoarginine as a dietary control strategy can have a therapeutic effect on GA1. All of these findings facilitate the understanding of cell apoptosis and energy metabolism impairment in GA1 and reveal new therapeutic perspectives for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjie Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengyan Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinzhi Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Lou
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Lung S, Cassee FR, Gosens I, Campbell A. Brain suppression of AP-1 by inhaled diesel exhaust and reversal by cerium oxide nanoparticles. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 26:636-41. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.948651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Carmosino M, Torretta S, Procino G, Gerbino A, Forleo C, Favale S, Svelto M. Role of nuclear Lamin A/C in cardiomyocyte functions. Biol Cell 2014; 106:346-58. [PMID: 25055884 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lamin A/C is a structural protein of the nuclear envelope (NE) and cardiac involvement in Lamin A/C mutations was one of the first phenotypes to be reported in humans, suggesting a crucial role of this protein in the cardiomyocytes function. Mutations in LMNA gene cause a class of pathologies generically named 'Lamanopathies' mainly involving heart and skeletal muscles. Moreover, the well-known disease called Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome due to extensive mutations in LMNA gene, in addition to the systemic phenotype of premature aging, is characterised by the death of patients at around 13 typically for a heart attack or stroke, suggesting again the heart as the main site sensitive to Lamin A/C disfunction. Indeed, the identification of the roles of the Lamin A/C in cardiomyocytes function is a key area of exploration. One of the primary biological roles recently conferred to Lamin A/C is to affect contractile cells lineage determination and senescence. Then, in differentiated adult cardiomyocytes both the 'structural' and 'gene expression hypothesis' could explain the role of Lamin A in the function of cardiomyocytes. In fact, recent advances in the field propose that the structural weakness/stiffness of the NE, regulated by Lamin A/C amount in NE, can 'consequently' alter gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Carmosino
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy; Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Cadet JL, Brannock C, Jayanthi S, Krasnova IN. Transcriptional and epigenetic substrates of methamphetamine addiction and withdrawal: evidence from a long-access self-administration model in the rat. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:696-717. [PMID: 24939695 PMCID: PMC4359351 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine use disorder is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent binge episodes, intervals of abstinence, and relapses to drug use. Humans addicted to methamphetamine experience various degrees of cognitive deficits and other neurological abnormalities that complicate their activities of daily living and their participation in treatment programs. Importantly, models of methamphetamine addiction in rodents have shown that animals will readily learn to give themselves methamphetamine. Rats also accelerate their intake over time. Microarray studies have also shown that methamphetamine taking is associated with major transcriptional changes in the striatum measured within a short or longer time after cessation of drug taking. After a 2-h withdrawal time, there was increased expression of genes that participate in transcription regulation. These included cyclic AMP response element binding (CREB), ETS domain-containing protein (ELK1), and members of the FOS family of transcription factors. Other genes of interest include brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase receptor, type 2 (TrkB), and synaptophysin. Methamphetamine-induced transcription was found to be regulated via phosphorylated CREB-dependent events. After a 30-day withdrawal from methamphetamine self-administration, however, there was mostly decreased expression of transcription factors including junD. There was also downregulation of genes whose protein products are constituents of chromatin-remodeling complexes. Altogether, these genome-wide results show that methamphetamine abuse might be associated with altered regulation of a diversity of gene networks that impact cellular and synaptic functions. These transcriptional changes might serve as triggers for the neuropsychiatric presentations of humans who abuse this drug. Better understanding of the way that gene products interact to cause methamphetamine addiction will help to develop better pharmacological treatment of methamphetamine addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA,
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Russo R, Bonaventura R, Matranga V. Time- and dose-dependent gene expression in sea urchin embryos exposed to UVB. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 93:85-92. [PMID: 24011617 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The increase of UVB radiation reaching marine environment has harmful effects on living organisms. Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos living in shallow water are exposed to radiations, providing a good model for studying the molecular mechanisms activated upon UV stress. Here, we report the modulated time- and dose-dependent expression of six genes, known to be involved in stress response, in embryos exposed at cleavage to 400 and 800 J/m(2) UVB, and collected at early (morula) and later (gastrula) stages. We analyzed their mRNA levels by QPCR and found that Pl-14-3-3 showed a dose-dependent induction, both early and late in development; Pl-c-jun was up-regulated proportionally to the UVB dose at early stages and only at 800 J/m(2) UVB at later stages; Pl-XPB-ERCC3, Pl-MT and Pl-NF-kB were highly up-regulated later in development at the high dose, with the exception of Pl-XPB-ERCC3 whose mRNA levels were high also at the lower dose; Pl-FOXO expression was not affected by UVB radiation. We believe that the identification of UVB-responsive genes in irradiated sea urchin embryos, reported for the first time in this study, will be helpful for the understanding of the involved molecular pathways. The correlation between the impaired morphogenesis, affecting endo-mesoderm differentiation, and gene modulations described herewith is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Russo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Rosa Bonaventura
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Matranga
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Kageyama K, Itoi K, Iwasaki Y, Niioka K, Watanuki Y, Yamagata S, Nakada Y, Das G, Suda T, Daimon M. Stimulation of corticotropin-releasing factor gene expression by FosB in rat hypothalamic 4B cells. Peptides 2014; 51:59-64. [PMID: 24246425 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Fos- and Jun family proteins are immediate-early gene products, and the Fos/Jun heterodimer, activator protein-1 (AP-1), may be involved in the regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) gene expression. FosB is a member of the Fos family proteins that is expressed in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus upon stress exposure, but it has not been clear whether FosB participates in the regulation of CRF gene expression. This study aimed to explore the effect of the FosB and cJun proteins on CRF gene expression in rat hypothalamic 4B cells. The levels of FosB mRNA and cJun mRNA increased following treatment with forskolin, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), or A23187 in the hypothalamic cells. Overexpression of FosB or cJun potently increased CRF mRNA levels. Furthermore, downregulation of FosB or cJun suppressed the CRF gene expression induced by forskolin, PMA, or A23187. In addition, the basal CRF mRNA levels were partially reduced by cJun downregulation. These findings suggest that FosB, together with cJun, may mediate CRF gene expression in the hypothalamic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Kageyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Infectious Diseases, Hirosaki University School of Medicine & Hospital, Hirosaki 036-8563, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Itoi
- Laboratory of Information Biology, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | | | - Kanako Niioka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yutaka Watanuki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamagata
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Gopal Das
- Laboratory of Information Biology, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Suda
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Makoto Daimon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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Zhang S, Zhang M, Goldstein S, Li Y, Ge J, He B, Ruiz G. The effect of c-fos on acute myocardial infarction and the significance of metoprolol intervention in a rat model. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 65:249-55. [PMID: 23054911 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Over-expression of c-fos may play a role in some diseases. Research pertaining to the expression of c-fos in acute myocardial ınfarction (AMI) is rare, and the detailed role of c-fos in AMI has not been reported. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to elucidate the detailed effect of c-fos on AMI rats and evaluate the effect of a metoprolol intervention. An AMI rat model was established for the purposes of this study. The expression of c-fos in AMI was evaluated via immunohistochemical analysis and in situ hybridization. Simultaneously, we investigated the effect of c-fos on AMI rats via medicinal treatment with c-fos monoclonal antibody, isoproterenol, and metoprolol. Positive c-Fos protein expression and c-fos mRNA expression in cardiomyocytes were increased at 1, 3, 7, and 10 days after ligation in AMI rats compared with a sham-operated group. Peak expression occurred at 3 days after ligation. The weight percentage fraction of infarct size was decreased in rats treated with c-fos monoclonal antibody compared with the control normal saline treatment group. The weight percentage fraction of infarction size was increased after c-fos was increased via the administration of isoproterenol. c-Fos protein expression and the infarct size in rats treated with metoprolol were also decreased compared with the control normal saline treatment group. The results showed that c-fos expression rapidly increased after coronary ligation; c-fos plays an important role in myocardial lesions and is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of AMI as well. Metoprolol can inhibit the expression of c-fos and has a positive therapeutic effect on rats after AMI; the involvement effect of metoprolol on myocardial infarction might be correlated with its effect on the inhibition of c-fos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Cheng X, Fu R, Gao M, Liu S, Li YQ, Song FH, Bruce I, Zhou LH, Wu W. Intrathecal application of short interfering RNA knocks down c-jun expression and augments spinal motoneuron death after root avulsion in adult rats. Neuroscience 2013; 241:268-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ma W, Cojocaru R, Gotoh N, Gieser L, Villasmil R, Cogliati T, Swaroop A, Wong WT. Gene expression changes in aging retinal microglia: relationship to microglial support functions and regulation of activation. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2310-21. [PMID: 23608111 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. It has been hypothesized that microglia undergo age-related changes in gene expression patterns that give rise to pathogenic phenotypes. We compared the gene expression profiles in microglia isolated ex vivo from the retinas of mice ranging from early adulthood to late senescence. We discovered that microglial gene expression demonstrated progressive change with increasing age, and involved genes that regulate microglial supportive functions and immune activation. Molecular pathways involving immune function and regulation, angiogenesis, and neurotrophin signaling demonstrated age-related change. In particular, expression levels of complement genes, C3 and CFB, previously associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), increased with aging, suggesting that senescent microglia may contribute to complement dysregulation during disease pathogenesis. Taken together, senescent microglia demonstrate age-related gene expression changes capable of altering their constitutive support functions and regulation of their activation status in ways relating to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Ma
- Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Hasegawa M, Kondo M, Suzuki I, Shimizu N, Sessle B, Iwata K. ERK is Involved in Tooth-pressure-induced Fos Expression in Vc Neurons. J Dent Res 2012; 91:1141-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034512462397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Discomfort and pain encountered during orthodontic treatment are major problems for patients, but the details of the underlying neural processes and molecular mechanisms are not well-understood. Here we show that noxious tooth mechanical pressure induced by orthodontic elastics resulted in a rapid and transient activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in the trigeminal spinal subnucleus interpolaris and caudalis transition zone (Vi/Vc), trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), and upper cervical spinal cord (Vc/C2). The phosphorylated ERK (pERK) was observed in neurons but not in astroglia and microglia. Single-plane scanning analysis indicated that the pERK was localized to the nucleus of Vc neurons. In addition, the tooth mechanical pressure led to Fos expression in the pERK-positive Vc neurons that would be suppressed by intrathecal administration of an MEK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059). Taken together, these findings suggest that activation of the ERK signaling cascade following noxious mechanical pressure on the teeth regulates Fos expression in Vc neurons and may thereby contribute to pain associated with orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Hasegawa
- Departments of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Kondo
- Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - I. Suzuki
- Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - N. Shimizu
- Departments of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda Tokyo, Japan
| | - B.J. Sessle
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Bldg. 3302, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - K. Iwata
- Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
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Cui Y, Ling-Shan G, Yi L, Xing-Qi W, Xue-Mei Z, Xiao-Xing Y. Repeated administration of propofol upregulated the expression of c-Fos and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins in the developing mouse brain. Indian J Pharmacol 2012; 43:648-51. [PMID: 22144767 PMCID: PMC3229778 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.89819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives and Aim: This study was designed to analyze the relationship between the expression of c-Fos protein and apoptosis in the hippocampus following propofol administration in infant mice. There are reports that certain drugs, including the general anesthetics applied in pediatrics and obstetrics, could block N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors and activate γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. Furthermore, some anesthetics could trigger neuroapoptosis and the expression of c-Fos in the developing rodent brain. Propofol is a general anesthetic increasingly used in pediatrics and obstetrics, and is reported to be able to interact with both γ-aminobutyric acid type A and N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors. No adequate evaluations have been available as to whether the dosage of propofol to maintain anaesthesia could trigger the expression of c-Fos and apoptosis. Materials and Methods: Intraperitoneal injections of propofol (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) or vehicle were administered every 90 minutes (4 times) in infant mice (5–7 days old). 30 minutes after the final administration, the protein expressions of c-Fos and cleaved-caspase-3 in the hippocampus were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results: It was demonstrated that the expressions of cleaved-caspase-3 and c-Fos were upregulated in the hippocampal CA3 region in this study. Conclusions: The upregulated c-Fos expression induced by repeated injections of propofol might evoke neuroapoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
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Schindler M, Fabre C, de Weille J, Carreau S, Mersel M, Bakalara N. Disruption of nongenomic testosterone signaling in a model of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1102-16. [PMID: 22570336 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the nine hereditary neurodegenerative polyQ disorders, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) results from a polyQ tract expansion in androgen receptor (AR). Although protein aggregates are the pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, their direct role in the neurodegeneration is more and more questioned. To determine the early molecular mechanisms causing motor neuron degeneration in SBMA, we established an in vitro system based on the tetracycline-inducible expression of normal (AR20Q), the mutated, 51 glutamine-extended (AR51Q), or polyQ-deleted (AR0Q) AR in NSC34, a motor neuron-like cell line lacking endogenous AR. Although no intracellular aggregates were formed, the expression of the AR51Q leads to a loss of function characterized by reduced neurite outgrowth and to a toxic gain of function resulting in decreased cell viability. In this study, we show that both AR20Q and AR51Q are recruited to lipid rafts in response to testosterone stimulation. However, whereas testosterone induces the activation of the c-jun N-terminal kinase/c-jun pathway via membrane-associated AR20Q, it does not so in NSC34 expressing AR51Q. Phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase plays a crucial role in AR20Q-dependent survival and differentiation of NSC34. Moreover, c-jun protein levels decrease more slowly in AR20Q- than in AR51Q-expressing NSC34 cells. This is due to a rapid and transient inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3α occurring in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-independent manner. Our results demonstrate that the deregulation of nongenomic AR signaling may be involved in SBMA establishment, opening new therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Schindler
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1051, 34295 Montpellier, France
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Schnegg CI, Kooshki M, Hsu FC, Sui G, Robbins ME. PPARδ prevents radiation-induced proinflammatory responses in microglia via transrepression of NF-κB and inhibition of the PKCα/MEK1/2/ERK1/2/AP-1 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1734-43. [PMID: 22387176 PMCID: PMC3341532 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Partial or whole-brain irradiation is often required to treat both primary and metastatic brain cancer. Radiation-induced normal tissue injury, including progressive cognitive impairment, however, can significantly affect the well-being of the approximately 200,000 patients who receive these treatments each year in the United States. Although the exact mechanisms underlying radiation-induced late effects remain unclear, oxidative stress and inflammation are thought to play a critical role. Microglia are key mediators of neuroinflammation. Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ has been shown to be a potent regulator of anti-inflammatory responses. Thus, we hypothesized that PPARδ activation would modulate the radiation-induced inflammatory response in microglia. Incubating BV-2 murine microglial cells with the PPARδ agonist L-165041 prevented the radiation-induced increase in: (i) intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, (ii) Cox-2 and MCP-1 expression, and (iii) IL-1β and TNF-α message levels. This occurred, in part, through PPARδ-mediated modulation of stress-activated kinases and proinflammatory transcription factors. PPARδ inhibited NF-κB via transrepression by physically interacting with the p65 subunit and prevented activation of the PKCα/MEK1/2/ERK1/2/AP-1 pathway by inhibiting the radiation-induced increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. These data support the hypothesis that PPARδ activation can modulate radiation-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline I. Schnegg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mitra Kooshki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Guangchao Sui
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mike E. Robbins
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Moore DL, Goldberg JL. Multiple transcription factor families regulate axon growth and regeneration. Dev Neurobiol 2012; 71:1186-211. [PMID: 21674813 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding axon regenerative failure remains a major goal in neuroscience, and reversing this failure remains a major goal for clinical neurology. Although an inhibitory central nervous system environment clearly plays a role, focus on molecular pathways within neurons has begun to yield fruitful insights. Initial steps forward investigated the receptors and signaling pathways immediately downstream of environmental cues, but recent work has also shed light on transcriptional control mechanisms that regulate intrinsic axon growth ability, presumably through whole cassettes of gene target regulation. Here we will discuss transcription factors that regulate neurite growth in vitro and in vivo, including p53, SnoN, E47, cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT), c-Jun activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), sex determining region Ybox containing gene 11 (Sox11), nuclear factor κ-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), and Krüppel-like factors (KLFs). Revealing the similarities and differences among the functions of these transcription factors may further our understanding of the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in axon growth and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcie L Moore
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
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50
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Oh S, Woo JI, Lim DJ, Moon SK. ERK2-dependent activation of c-Jun is required for nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced CXCL2 upregulation in inner ear fibrocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:3496-505. [PMID: 22379036 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The inner ear, composed of the cochlea and the vestibule, is a specialized sensory organ for hearing and balance. Although the inner ear has been known as an immune-privileged organ, there is emerging evidence indicating an active immune reaction of the inner ear. Inner ear inflammation can be induced by the entry of proinflammatory molecules derived from middle ear infection. Because middle ear infection is highly prevalent in children, middle ear infection-induced inner ear inflammation can impact the normal development of language and motor coordination. Previously, we have demonstrated that the inner ear fibrocytes (spiral ligament fibrocytes) are able to recognize nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, a major pathogen of middle ear infection, and upregulate a monocyte-attracting chemokine through TLR2-dependent NF-κB activation. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanism involved in nontypeable H. influenzae-induced cochlear infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells. The rat spiral ligament fibrocytes were found to release CXCL2 in response to nontypeable H. influenzae via activation of c-Jun, leading to the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells to the cochlea. We also demonstrate that MEK1/ERK2 signaling pathway is required for nontypeable H. influenzae-induced CXCL2 upregulation in the rat spiral ligament fibrocytes. Two AP-1 motifs in the 5'-flanking region of CXCL2 appeared to function as a nontypeable H. influenzae-responsive element, and the proximal AP-1 motif was found to have a higher binding affinity to nontypeable H. influenzae-activated c-Jun than that of the distal one. Our results will enable us better to understand the molecular pathogenesis of middle ear infection-induced inner ear inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejo Oh
- Division of Clinical and Translational Research, House Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90057, USA
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