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Anwar S, Alrumaihi F, Sarwar T, Babiker AY, Khan AA, Prabhu SV, Rahmani AH. Exploring Therapeutic Potential of Catalase: Strategies in Disease Prevention and Management. Biomolecules 2024; 14:697. [PMID: 38927099 PMCID: PMC11201554 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant defense mechanisms play a critical role in mitigating the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase stands out as a paramount enzymatic antioxidant. It efficiently catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen, a potentially harmful byproduct of cellular metabolism. This reaction detoxifies H2O2 and prevents oxidative damage. Catalase has been extensively studied as a therapeutic antioxidant. Its applications range from direct supplementation in conditions characterized by oxidative stress to gene therapy approaches to enhance endogenous catalase activity. The enzyme's stability, bioavailability, and the specificity of its delivery to target tissues are significant hurdles. Furthermore, studies employing conventional catalase formulations often face issues related to enzyme purity, activity, and longevity in the biological milieu. Addressing these challenges necessitates rigorous scientific inquiry and well-designed clinical trials. Such trials must be underpinned by sound experimental designs, incorporating advanced catalase formulations or novel delivery systems that can overcome existing limitations. Enhancing catalase's stability, specificity, and longevity in vivo could unlock its full therapeutic potential. It is necessary to understand the role of catalase in disease-specific contexts, paving the way for precision antioxidant therapy that could significantly impact the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehwaz Anwar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Mohan Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Sciences, Mohan Group of Institutions, Bareilly 243302, India;
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarique Sarwar
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Yousif Babiker
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sitrarasu Vijaya Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirapalli 620001, India;
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Xiao Y, Yi H, Zhu J, Chen S, Wang G, Liao Y, Lei Y, Chen L, Zhang X, Ye F. Evaluation of DNA adduct damage using G-quadruplex-based DNAzyme. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Chabot M, Morales E, Cummings J, Rios N, Giatpaiboon S, Mogul R. Simple kinetics, assay, and trends for soil microbial catalases. Anal Biochem 2020; 610:113901. [PMID: 32841648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we expand upon the enzymology and ecology of soil catalases through development and application of a simple kinetic model and field-amenable assay based upon volume displacement. Through this approach, we (A) directly relate apparent Michaelis-Menten terms to the catalase reaction mechanism, (B) obtain upper estimates of the intrinsic rate constants for the catalase community (k3'), along with moles of catalase per 16S rRNA gene copy number, (C) utilize catalase specific activities (SAs) to obtain biomass estimates of soil and permafrost communities (LOD, ~104 copy number gdw-1), and (D) relate kinetic trends to changes in bacterial community structure. In addition, this novel kinetic approach simultaneously incorporates barometric adjustments to afford comparisons across field measurements. As per our model, and when compared to garden soils, biological soil crusts exhibited ~2-fold lower values for k3', ≥105-fold higher catalase moles per biomass (250-1200 zmol copy number-1), and ~104-fold higher SAs per biomass (74-230 fkat copy number-1); whereas the highest SAs were obtained from permafrost and high-elevation soil communities (5900-6700 fkat copy number-1). In sum, the total trends suggest that microbial communities which experience higher degrees of native oxidative stress possess higher basal intracellular catalase concentrations and SAs per biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chabot
- Cal Poly Pomona, Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, 3801 W. Temple Ave., Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Ernesto Morales
- Cal Poly Pomona, Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, 3801 W. Temple Ave., Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Jacob Cummings
- Cal Poly Pomona, Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, 3801 W. Temple Ave., Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Nicholas Rios
- Cal Poly Pomona, Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, 3801 W. Temple Ave., Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Scott Giatpaiboon
- Cal Poly Pomona, Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, 3801 W. Temple Ave., Pomona, CA, 91768, USA
| | - Rakesh Mogul
- Cal Poly Pomona, Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, 3801 W. Temple Ave., Pomona, CA, 91768, USA.
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A physicochemical model of reaction kinetics supports peroxyl radical recombination as the main determinant of the FLASH effect. Radiother Oncol 2020; 153:303-310. [PMID: 32534957 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE FLASH radiotherapy, a technique based on delivering large doses in a single fraction at the micro/millisecond timescale, spares normal tissues from late radiation-induced toxicity, in an oxygen-dependent process, whilst keeping full anti-tumor efficiency. We present a theoretical model taking into account the kinetics of formation and decay of reactive oxygen species, in particular of organic peroxyl radicals ROO. formed by addition of O2 to primary carbon-centred radicals R. and known to play a major role at the origin radio-induced complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS The model focuses on the time-dependent evolution of radiolytic products in living matter exposed to continuous irradiation at dose-rates in the range 10-3-107Gy·s-1. The 9 differential rate equations resulting from the radiolytic and enzymatic reactions network were solved using the published values of these reactions rate constants in a cellular environment. RESULTS The model suggests a correlation between the area-under-the-curve of time-evolving [ROO.] and the probability of normal tissue complications. The model does not lend weight to the hypothesis of transient oxygen depletion as a main determinant of FLASH but rather suggests a major role of radical-radical recombination. CONCLUSION The model gives support to the reduction of ROO. lifetime as the main root of FLASH and compares favorably with published experimental results. We conclude that any process - in this case radical recombination - that shortens the lifetime or limits the radiolytic yield of ROO. is likely to protect normoxic tissues against the deleterious effects of radiation.
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Dual disruption of aldehyde dehydrogenases 1 and 3 promotes functional changes in the glutathione redox system and enhances chemosensitivity in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:2756-2771. [PMID: 32015486 PMCID: PMC7098886 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are multifunctional enzymes that oxidize diverse endogenous and exogenous aldehydes. We conducted a meta-analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus data and detected genetic alterations in ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3, or ALDH3A1, 86% of which were gene amplification or mRNA upregulation, in 31% of nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). The expression of these isoenzymes impacted chemoresistance and shortened survival times in patients. We hypothesized that these enzymes provide an oxidative advantage for the persistence of NSCLC. To test this hypothesis, we used genetic and pharmacological approaches with DIMATE, an irreversible inhibitor of ALDH1/3. DIMATE showed cytotoxicity in 73% of NSCLC cell lines tested and demonstrated antitumor activity in orthotopic xenografts via hydroxynonenal-protein adduct accumulation, GSTO1-mediated depletion of glutathione and increased H2O2. Consistent with this result, ALDH1/3 disruption synergized with ROS-inducing agents or glutathione synthesis inhibitors to trigger cell death. In lung cancer xenografts with high to moderate cisplatin resistance, combination treatment with DIMATE promoted strong synergistic responses with tumor regression. These results indicate that NSCLCs with increased expression of ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3, or ALDH3A1 may be targeted by strategies involving inhibitors of these isoenzymes as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy to overcome patient-specific drug resistance.
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Zhang Z, Kozlov G, Chen YS, Gehring K. Mechanism of thienopyridone and iminothienopyridinedione inhibition of protein phosphatases. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:791-799. [PMID: 31191869 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thienopyridone (TP) has been proposed as a selective inhibitor of phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRL or PTP4A). PRLs are dual specificity phosphatases that promote cancer progression and are attractive anticancer targets. TP and iminothienopyridinedione (ITP), a more potent derivative, were shown to be effective inhibitors but the mechanism of inhibition was not established. Here, we perform NMR experiments and in vitro phosphatase assays to show that TP and ITP inhibit protein phosphatases non-specifically through oxidation of the phosphatase catalytic cysteine. We demonstrate that TP and ITP are redox active compounds, inhibiting PRL-3 and multiple other PTPs through oxidation. They also catalyze the oxidation of thioredoxin-1 as well as small molecules, like TCEP, DTT, and glutathione. The reported selectivity of TP and ITP is likely due to the higher susceptibility of PRLs to oxidation. Thus, while TP and ITP effectively inhibit PRLs, their use for studying the cellular function of PRLs is problematic due to the likelihood of off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Structural Biology , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada .
| | - Guennadi Kozlov
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Structural Biology , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada .
| | - Yu Seby Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Structural Biology , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada .
| | - Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Structural Biology , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada .
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Saudrais E, Strazielle N, Ghersi-Egea JF. Choroid plexus glutathione peroxidases are instrumental in protecting the brain fluid environment from hydroperoxides during postnatal development. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C445-C456. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00094.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide, released at low physiological concentration, is involved in different cell signaling pathways during brain development. When released at supraphysiological concentrations in brain fluids following an inflammatory, hypoxic, or toxic stress, it can initiate lipid peroxidation, protein, and nucleic acid damage and contribute to long-term neurological impairment associated with perinatal diseases. We found high glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymatic activities in both lateral and fourth ventricle choroid plexus tissue isolated from developing rats, in comparison to the cerebral cortex and liver. Consistent with these, a high protein expression of glutathione peroxidases 1 and 4 was observed in choroid plexus epithelial cells, which form the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Live choroid plexuses isolated from newborn rats were highly efficient in detoxifying H2O2 from mock cerebrospinal fluid, illustrating the capacity of the choroid plexuses to control H2O2 concentration in the ventricular system of the brain. We used a differentiated cellular model of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier coupled to kinetic and inhibition analyses to show that glutathione peroxidases are more potent than catalase to detoxify extracellular H2O2 at concentrations up to 250 µM. The choroidal cells also formed an enzymatic barrier preventing blood-borne hydroperoxides to reach the cerebrospinal fluid. These data point out the choroid plexuses as key structures in the control of hydroperoxide levels in the cerebral fluid environment during development, at a time when the protective glial cell network is still immature. Glutathione peroxidases are the main effectors of this choroidal hydroperoxide inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Saudrais
- FLUID Team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, INSERM U1028 CRNS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, France
- Blood-Brain Interfaces Exploratory Platform BIP, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Strazielle
- FLUID Team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, INSERM U1028 CRNS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, France
- Blood-Brain Interfaces Exploratory Platform BIP, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon, France
- Brain-i, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-François Ghersi-Egea
- FLUID Team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, INSERM U1028 CRNS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, France
- Blood-Brain Interfaces Exploratory Platform BIP, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, Lyon, France
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Bortolato M, Floris G, Shih JC. From aggression to autism: new perspectives on the behavioral sequelae of monoamine oxidase deficiency. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1589-1599. [PMID: 29748850 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The two monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes, A and B, catalyze the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. The phenotypic outcomes of MAO congenital deficiency have been studied in humans and animal models, to explore the role of these enzymes in behavioral regulation. The clinical condition caused by MAOA deficiency, Brunner syndrome, was first described as a disorder characterized by overt antisocial and aggressive conduct. Building on this discovery, subsequent studies were focused on the characterization of the role of MAOA in the neurobiology of antisocial conduct. MAO A knockout mice were found to display high levels of intermale aggression; however, further analyses of these mutants unveiled additional behavioral abnormalities mimicking the core symptoms of autism-spectrum disorder. These findings were strikingly confirmed in newly reported cases of Brunner syndrome. The role of MAOB in behavioral regulation remains less well-understood, even though Maob-deficient mice have been found to exhibit greater behavioral disinhibition and risk-taking responses, supporting previous clinical studies showing associations between low MAO B activity and impulsivity. Furthermore, lack of MAOB was found to exacerbate the severity of psychopathological deficits induced by concurrent MAOA deficiency. Here, we summarize how the convergence of clinical reports and behavioral phenotyping in mutant mice has helped frame a complex picture of psychopathological features in MAO-deficient individuals, which encompass a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental problems. This emerging knowledge poses novel conceptual challenges towards the identification of the endophenotypes shared by autism-spectrum disorder, antisocial behavior and impulse-control problems, as well as their monoaminergic underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, L.S. Skaggs Hall, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Gabriele Floris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, L.S. Skaggs Hall, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jean C Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Peroxisomes protect lymphoma cells from HDAC inhibitor-mediated apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1912-1924. [PMID: 28731463 PMCID: PMC5635217 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are a critical rheostat of reactive oxygen species (ROS), yet their role in drug sensitivity and resistance remains unexplored. Gene expression analysis of clinical lymphoma samples suggests that peroxisomes are involved in mediating drug resistance to the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) Vorinostat (Vor), which promotes ROS-mediated apoptosis. Vor augments peroxisome numbers in cultured lymphoma cells, concomitant with increased levels of peroxisomal proteins PEX3, PEX11B, and PMP70. Genetic inhibition of peroxisomes, using PEX3 knockdown, reveals that peroxisomes protect lymphoma cells against Vor-mediated cell death. Conversely, Vor-resistant cells were tolerant to elevated ROS levels and possess upregulated levels of (1) catalase, a peroxisomal antioxidant, and (2) plasmalogens, ether glycerophospholipids that represent peroxisome function and serve as antioxidants. Catalase knockdown induces apoptosis in Vor-resistant cells and potentiates ROS-mediated apoptosis in Vor-sensitive cells. These findings highlight the role of peroxisomes in resistance to therapeutic intervention in cancer, and provide a novel modality to circumvent drug resistance.
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Choi JW, Kim YM, Park SJ, Kim IH, Nam TJ. Protective effect of Porphyra yezoensis glycoprotein on D-galactosamine‑induced cytotoxicity in Hepa 1c1c7 cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3914-9. [PMID: 25626067 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the signaling pathways and enzyme activity associated with the protective effect of Porphyra yezoensis glycoprotein (PYGP) on D‑galactosamine (D‑GaIN)‑induced cytotoxicity in Hepa 1c1c7 cells. D‑GaIN is commonly used to induce hepatic injury models in vivo as well as in vitro. PYGP was extracted from Porphyra yezoensis, a red algae distributed along the coasts of Republic of Korea, China and Japan. In the present study, Hepa 1c1c7 cells were pre‑treated with PYGP (20 and 40 µg/ml) for 24 h and then the media was replaced with D‑GaIN (20 mM) and PYGP (20 and 40 µg/ml). The results demonstrated that D‑GaIN induced Hepa 1c1c7 cell death and pretreatment with PYGP was found to attenuate D‑GaIN toxicity. In addition, D‑GaIN decreased the antioxidant activity and increased lipid peroxidation processes; however, pre‑treatment with PYGP reduced the generation of lipid peroxidation products, such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, as well as increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione‑s‑transferase (GST). PYGP was shown to suppress the overexpression of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase, c‑jun N‑terminal kinase and p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation induced by D‑GaIN. Furthermore, PYGP increased the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2), quinine oxidoreductase 1, GST and heme oxygenase 1 protein expression. These results suggested that PYGP had cytoprotective effects against D‑GaIN‑induced cell damage, which may be associated with MAPKs and the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Wook Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Nam‑gu, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Nam‑gu, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Nam‑gu, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hye Kim
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Nam‑gu, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Nam‑gu, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea
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Thakur R, Shigli AL, Sharma DS, Thakur G. Effect of Catalase and Sodium Fluoride on Human Enamel bleached with 35% Carbamide Peroxide. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015; 8:12-7. [PMID: 26124575 PMCID: PMC4472865 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of postbleaching antioxidant application fluoridation treatment on the surface morphology and microhardness of human enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors were cut at cementoenamel junction. Crown portion was sectioned into six slabs which were divided into five groups: group A - untreated controls; group B - 35% carbamide peroxide (CP); group C - 35% CP and catalase; group D - treatment with 35% CP and 5% sodium fluoride; group E - 35% CP, catalase and 5% sodium fluoride. Thirty-five percent carbamide peroxide application included two applications of 30 minutes each at a 5-day interval. After treatment, the slabs were thoroughly washed with water for 10 seconds and stored in artificial saliva at 37°C until the next treatment. Two percent sodium fluoride included application for 5 minutes. Three catalase included application for 3 minutes. RESULTS After 5 days, groups B and C showed significantly decreased enamel microhardness compared to control. Group D specimens showed relatively less reduction in enamel micro-hardness than group C specimens. There is a marked increase in enamel microhardness in group E specimens. CONCLUSIONS Fluoride take up was comparatively enhanced after catalase application resulting in less demineralization and increased microhardness. How to cite this article: Thakur R, Shigli AL, Sharma DS, Thakur G. Effect of Catalase and Sodium Fluoride on Human Enamel bleached with 35% Carbamide Peroxide. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(1):12-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Thakur
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics, People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Anand L Shigli
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth University Dental College and Hospital, Sangli Maharashtra, India
| | - Divya S Sharma
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Modern Dental College and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Gagan Thakur
- Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh, India
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Xu Q, Cai L, Zhao H, Tang J, Shen Y, Hu X, Zeng H. Forchlorfenuron detection based on its inhibitory effect towards catalase immobilized on boron nitride substrate. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 63:294-300. [PMID: 25108110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An enzymatic procedure based on a catalase biosensor for the detection of forchlorfenuron (CPPU) has been reported in this work. Catalase was immobilized on boron nitride (BN) sheets dispersed in chitosan by adsorption. The immobilized catalase exhibited direct electron transfer character and excellent electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2 reduction. After introducing CPPU into the H2O2 containing phosphate buffer solution, the catalase-catalyzed H2O2 reduction current decreased. By measuring the current decrease, CPPU can be determined in the range of 0.5-10.0 µM with the detection limit of 0.07 μM. The non-competitive inhibition behavior of CPPU towards catalase was verified by the Lineweaver-Burk plots. Long stability character has been ascribed to this biosensor. Possible use of this biosensor in flow systems is illustrated. The proposed biosensor has been successfully applied to CPPU determination in fruits samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Lijuan Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Huijie Zhao
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jiaqian Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Xiaoya Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Haibo Zeng
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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Rafikov R, Kumar S, Aggarwal S, Hou Y, Kangath A, Pardo D, Fineman JR, Black SM. Endothelin-1 stimulates catalase activity through the PKCδ-mediated phosphorylation of serine 167. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:255-64. [PMID: 24211614 PMCID: PMC3945115 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that endothelin-1 (ET-1) stimulates catalase activity in endothelial cells and in lambs with acute increases in pulmonary blood flow (PBF), without altering gene expression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism by which this occurs. Exposing pulmonary arterial endothelial cells to ET-1 increased catalase activity and decreased cellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels. These changes correlated with an increase in serine-phosphorylated catalase. Using the inhibitory peptide δV1.1, this phosphorylation was shown to be protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) dependent. Mass spectrometry identified serine 167 as the phosphorylation site. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate a phospho-mimic (S167D) catalase. Activity assays using recombinant protein purified from Escherichia coli or transiently transfected COS-7 cells demonstrated that S167D catalase had an increased ability to degrade H2O2 compared to the wild-type enzyme. Using a phospho-specific antibody, we were able to verify that pS167 catalase levels are modulated in lambs with acute increases in PBF in the presence and absence of the ET receptor antagonist tezosentan. S167 is located on the dimeric interface, suggesting it could be involved in regulating the formation of catalase tetramers. To evaluate this possibility we utilized analytical gel filtration to examine the multimeric structure of recombinant wild-type and S167D catalase. We found that recombinant wild-type catalase was present as a mixture of monomers and dimers, whereas S167D catalase was primarily tetrameric. Further, the incubation of wild-type catalase with PKCδ was sufficient to convert wild-type catalase into a tetrameric structure. In conclusion, this is the first report indicating that the phosphorylation of catalase regulates its multimeric structure and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Rafikov
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta GA 30912
- Please address correspondence and proofs to: Stephen M. Black, Ph.D., Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, CB 3211-B, Augusta, GA-30912, Tel: 706-721-7860,
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta GA 30912
- Please address correspondence and proofs to: Stephen M. Black, Ph.D., Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, CB 3211-B, Augusta, GA-30912, Tel: 706-721-7860,
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta GA 30912
| | - Yali Hou
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta GA 30912
| | - Archana Kangath
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta GA 30912
| | - Daniel Pardo
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta GA 30912
| | - Jeffrey R. Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Stephen M. Black
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta GA 30912
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Das B, Chaudhuri K. Amelioration of sodium arsenite induced toxicity by diallyl disulfide, a bioactive component of garlic: the involvement of antioxidants and the chelate effect. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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15
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Das B, Mandal S, Chaudhuri K. Role of arginine, a component of aqueous garlic extract, in remediation of sodium arsenite induced toxicity in A375 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tx50098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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16
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17
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Taurine ameliorate alloxan induced oxidative stress and intrinsic apoptotic pathway in the hepatic tissue of diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 51:317-29. [PMID: 23092809 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Pal S, Sil PC. A 43 kD protein from the leaves of the herb Cajanus indicus L. modulates doxorubicin induced nephrotoxicity via MAPKs and both mitochondria dependent and independent pathways. Biochimie 2012; 94:1356-67. [PMID: 22429871 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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The reaction mechanisms of heme catalases: an atomistic view by ab initio molecular dynamics. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 525:121-30. [PMID: 22516655 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Catalases are ubiquitous enzymes that prevent cell oxidative damage by degrading hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen (2H(2)O(2) → 2H(2)O+O(2)) with high efficiency. The enzyme is first oxidized to a high-valent iron intermediate, known as Compound I (Cpd I, Por(·+)-Fe(IV)=O) which, at difference from other hydroperoxidases, is reduced back to the resting state by further reacting with H(2)O(2). The normal catalase activity is reduced if Cpd I is consumed in a competing side reaction, forming a species named Cpd I*. In recent years, Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods have unraveled the electronic configuration of these high-valent iron species, helping to assign the intermediates trapped in the crystal structures of oxidized catalases. It has been demonstrated that the a priori assumption that the H(+)/H(-) type of mechanism for Cpd I reduction leads to the generation of singlet oxygen is not justified. Moreover, it has been shown by ab initio metadynamics simulations that two pathways are operative for Cpd I reduction: a His-mediated mechanism (described as H·/H(+) + e(-)) in which the distal His acts as an acid-base catalyst and a direct mechanism (described as H·/H·) in which the distal His does not play a direct role. Independently of the mechanism, the reaction proceeds by two one-electron transfers rather than one two-electron transfer, as previously assumed. Electron transfer to Cpd I, regardless of whether the electron is exogenous or endogenous, facilitates protonation of the oxoferryl group, to the point that formation of Cpd I* may be controlled by the easiness of protonation of reduced Cpd I.
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Rashid K, Bhattacharya S, Sil PC. Protective role of D-saccharic acid-1,4-lactone in alloxan induced oxidative stress in the spleen tissue of diabetic rats is mediated by suppressing mitochondria dependent apoptotic pathway. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:240-52. [PMID: 22239106 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.650694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (DSL) in the spleen tissue of alloxan (ALX) induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in rats by injecting ALX (at a dose of 120 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally in sterile normal saline. Elevated levels of blood glucose, glycosylated Hb and TNFα decreased levels of plasma insulin and disturbed intra-cellular antioxidant machineries were detected in ALX exposed animals. Oral administration of DSL at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight, however, restored these alterations in diabetic rats. Studies on the mechanism of ALX-induced diabetes showed that hyperglycemia caused disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential in the spleen, released cytochrome C in the cytosol, activated caspase 3 and ultimately led to apoptotic cell death. Results suggest that DSL possesses the ability of protecting the spleen tissue from ALX-induced hyperglycemia and thus could act as an anti-diabetic agent in lessening diabetes associated spleen dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahkashan Rashid
- Division of molecular medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
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21
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Ghosh M, Das J, Sil PC. D(+) galactosamine induced oxidative and nitrosative stress-mediated renal damage in rats via NF-κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathways is ameliorated by a polyphenol xanthone, mangiferin. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:116-32. [PMID: 22118634 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.644240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the possible protective effect of mangiferin against D(+) galactosamine (DGal)-induced nephrotoxicity. DGal intoxication increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production and disturbed the antioxidant machineries in the kidney tissue. Mangiferin treatment post to DGal exposure reduced all these DGal-induced adverse effects. Signal transduction studies showed that DGal significantly increased the protein expression of Bax, cytochrome c, caspase 3/9 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the cytosol and NF-κB in nuclear fraction. The same exposure, on the other hand, reduced the protein expression of Bcl-2 in the cytosol. Mangiferin treatment could, however, reduce the DGal-induced up-regulation of cytochrome c, NF-κB, iNOS, caspase 3/9 and alter the reciprocal regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins. Histological studies also revealed the nephroprotective effect of mangiferin against DGal induced nephrotoxicity. Combining, results suggest that mangiferin protects rat's kidney in DGal-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress and acute nephrotoxicity via its antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, CIT Scheme VII M, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
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22
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d-saccharic acid-1,4-lactone ameliorates alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress in rats through inhibiting pancreatic beta-cells from apoptosis via mitochondrial dependent pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 257:272-83. [PMID: 21982801 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Ghosh M, Manna P, Sil PC. Protective role of a coumarin-derived schiff base scaffold against tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced oxidative impairment and cell death via MAPKs, NF-κB and mitochondria-dependent pathways. Free Radic Res 2011; 45:620-37. [PMID: 21391895 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.564166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the antioxidant signalling mechanism of a coumarin-derived schiff base (CSB) scaffold against tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) induced oxidative insult in murine hepatocytes. CSB possesses DPPH and other free radical scavenging activities. TBHP reduced cell viability and intracellular antioxidant status accompanied by an increase in intracellular ROS production in hepatocytes. TBHP also activated phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-p38 and NF-κB, altered the Bcl-2/Bad ratio, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, released cytochrome C and activated caspase 3, suggesting that TBHP induced oxidative stress responsive cell death via apoptotic pathway. FACS analysis and DNA fragmentation studies also confirmed the apoptotic cell death in TBHP exposed hepatocytes. Treatment with CSB effectively reduced these adverse effects by preventing the oxidative insult, alteration in the redox-sensitive signalling cascades and mitochondrial events. Combining, results suggest that antioxidant property of CSB make the molecule to be a potential protective measure against oxidative insult, cytotoxicity and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata-700054, India
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24
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The effects of paeoniflorin on LPS-induced liver inflammatory reactions. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:959-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-0620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Li Q, Peng S, Sheng Z, Wang Y. Ofloxacin induces oxidative damage to joint chondrocytes of juvenile rabbits: Excessive production of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 626:146-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Alfonso-Prieto M, Biarnés X, Vidossich P, Rovira C. The Molecular Mechanism of the Catalase Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11751-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9018572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Alfonso-Prieto
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xevi Biarnés
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pietro Vidossich
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Rovira
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
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27
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28
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Sinha M, Manna P, Sil PC. Induction of necrosis in cadmium-induced hepatic oxidative stress and its prevention by the prophylactic properties of taurine. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2009; 23:300-13. [PMID: 19747626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study has been carried out to investigate the protective role of taurine against cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative impairment in murine liver. Oral administration of cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) at a dose of 4mg/kg body weight for 6 days increased the accumulation of the Cd in the liver and diminished the liver weight to body weight ratio. The CdCl(2) altered the levels of intracellular trace elements, cofactors of various metalloenzymes and increased the activities of serum marker enzymes related to liver dysfunction. In addition, Cd intoxication also attenuated intracellular antioxidant power, the activities of antioxidant enzymes as well as the levels of cellular metabolites. Moreover, level of hepatic metallothionein, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, DNA fragmentation, concentration of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activities of cytochrome P450s have been increased due to Cd toxicity. In addition to the oxidative impairments, Cd exposure caused hepatic cell death mainly via the necrotic pathway. Oral administration of taurine at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight for 5 days prior to CdCl(2) intoxication prevented the alterations of all the toxic-induced hepatic damages. Histological studies also supported the beneficial role of taurine against Cd-induced hepatic damages. Combining all, results suggest that taurine could protect hepatic tissues against Cd-induced oxidative stress probably through its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahua Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
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29
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Alfonso-Prieto M, Vidossich P, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Carpena X, Fita I, Loewen PC, Rovira C. Electronic State of the Molecular Oxygen Released by Catalase. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:12842-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801512h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Alfonso-Prieto
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional de la Universitat de Barcelona (IQTCUB), Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institut de Biologia Molecular (IBMB-CSIC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Department
| | - Pietro Vidossich
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional de la Universitat de Barcelona (IQTCUB), Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institut de Biologia Molecular (IBMB-CSIC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Department
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional de la Universitat de Barcelona (IQTCUB), Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institut de Biologia Molecular (IBMB-CSIC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Department
| | - Xavi Carpena
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional de la Universitat de Barcelona (IQTCUB), Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institut de Biologia Molecular (IBMB-CSIC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Department
| | - Ignacio Fita
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional de la Universitat de Barcelona (IQTCUB), Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institut de Biologia Molecular (IBMB-CSIC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Department
| | - Peter C. Loewen
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional de la Universitat de Barcelona (IQTCUB), Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institut de Biologia Molecular (IBMB-CSIC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Department
| | - Carme Rovira
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional de la Universitat de Barcelona (IQTCUB), Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institut de Biologia Molecular (IBMB-CSIC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Department
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Ghosh J, Das J, Manna P, Sil PC. Cytoprotective effect of arjunolic acid in response to sodium fluoride mediated oxidative stress and cell death via necrotic pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:1918-26. [PMID: 18845235 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the role of arjunolic acid (AA) against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced cytotoxicity and necrotic cell death in murine hepatocytes. Dose-dependent studies suggest that incubation of hepatocytes with NaF (100mM) for 1h significantly decreased the cell viability as well as intracellular antioxidant power. Besides, NaF administration increased the activities of the membrane leakage enzymes and accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species; decreased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, the glutathione (GSH) and total thiol contents; and elevated the level of oxidised glutathione (GSSG), lipid peroxidation end products as well as protein carbonyl content. In addition to the oxidative impairments, fluoride exposure caused hepatic cell death mainly via the necrotic pathway as supported by the flowcytometric and DNA fragmentation analyses. Incubation with AA (100 microg/ml) both prior to and in combination with NaF almost normalized the altered activities of antioxidant indexes. AA treatment enhanced the cellular antioxidant capability and protected hepatocytes against NaF-induced cytotoxicity and necrotic death. The cytoprotective activity of AA was found to be comparable to that of a known antioxidant, vitamin C. Combining, data suggest that AA plays a protective role against NaF-induced cellular damage and prevents hepatocytes from necrotic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmoy Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700 009, West Bengal, India
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31
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Das J, Ghosh J, Manna P, Sil PC. Taurine provides antioxidant defense against NaF-induced cytotoxicity in murine hepatocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:181-90. [PMID: 18676123 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride is an environmental and industrial pollutant that affects various organs in humans and animals. The present study was conducted to investigate the protective role of taurine (2-aminoethane sulphonic acid) against fluoride-induced cytotoxicity in murine hepatocytes. Sodium fluoride (NaF) was used as the source of fluoride for this particular study. Dose-dependent studies suggest that incubation of hepatocytes with NaF (100mM) for 1h significantly decreased the cell viability as well as intracellular antioxidant power. Increased activities of alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) due to the same dose of toxin exposure confirmed membrane damage. Toxin-induced increased level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was confirmed by intracellular ROS production assay using a fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA). In addition, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were also decreased by toxin treatment at the previous dose. The same treatment also reduced the level of glutathione (GSH) and total thiols, elevated the level of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and increased the level of lipid peroxidation end products, protein carbonyl content and extent of DNA fragmentation. Incubation of hepatocytes with taurine, both prior to and in combination with NaF, altered all the NaF-induced parameters. A known antioxidant, vitamin C was taken to compare the cytoprotective activity of taurine against fluoride poisoning. Combining all, the results suggest that taurine protects mouse hepatocytes against fluoride-induced cytotoxity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Das
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
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32
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Sinha M, Manna P, Sil PC. Taurine, a conditionally essential amino acid, ameliorates arsenic-induced cytotoxicity in murine hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:1419-28. [PMID: 17624716 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a potent environmental toxin. Present study has been designed to evaluate the protective role of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) against arsenic induced cytotoxicity in murine hepatocytes. Sodium arsenite (NaAsO(2)) was chosen as the source of arsenic. Incubation of hepatocytes with the toxin (1 mM) for 2 h reduced the cell viability as well as intra-cellular antioxidant power. Increased activities of alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) due to toxin exposure confirmed membrane damage. Toxin treatment caused reduction in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In addition, the same treatment reduced the level of glutathione (GSH), elevated the level of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and increased the extent of lipid peroxidation. Incubation of hepatocytes with taurine, both prior to and in combination with NaAsO(2), attenuated the extent of lipid peroxidation and enhanced the activities of enzymatic as well as non enzymatic antioxidants. Besides, taurine administration normalized the arsenic-induced enhanced levels of the marker enzymes ALT and ALP in hepatocytes. The cytoprotective activity of taurine against arsenic poisoning was found to be comparable to that of a known antioxidant, vitamin C. Combining all, the results suggest that taurine protects mouse hepatocytes against arsenic induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahua Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
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Manna P, Sinha M, Sil PC. Protection of Arsenic-Induced Hepatic Disorder by Arjunolic Acid. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 101:333-8. [PMID: 17910617 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is one of the ubiquitous environmental pollutants, which affects nearly all organ systems. The present study has been carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective role of arjunolic acid, a triterpenoid saponin, against arsenic-induced oxidative damages in murine livers. Administration of sodium arsenite at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for 2 days significantly reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase as well as depleted the level of reduced glutathione and total thiols. In addition, sodium arsenite also increased the activities of serum marker enzymes, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, enhanced DNA fragmentation, protein carbonyl content, lipid peroxidation end-products and the level of oxidized glutathione. Studies with arjunolic acid show that in vitro it possesses free radical-scavenging and in vivo antioxidant activities. Treatment with arjunolic acid at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 4 days prior to arsenic administration prevents the alterations of the activities of all antioxidant indices and levels of the other parameters studied. Histological studies revealed less centrilobular necrosis in the liver treated with arjunolic acid prior to arsenic intoxication compared to the liver treated with the toxin alone. Effects of a known antioxidant, vitamin C, have been included in the study as a positive control. In conclusion, the results suggest that arjunolic acid possesses the ability to attenuate arsenic-induced oxidative stress in murine liver probably via its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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34
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Manna P, Sinha M, Pal P, Sil PC. Arjunolic acid, a triterpenoid saponin, ameliorates arsenic-induced cyto-toxicity in hepatocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 170:187-200. [PMID: 17854788 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-established environmental toxin, which damages various organs of the body. A triterpenoid saponin, arjunolic acid (AA) has been isolated from the bark of Terminalia arjuna. The present study was conducted to investigate the preventive role of AA against arsenic-induced cytotoxicity in isolated murine hepatocytes. Sodium arsenite (NaAsO(2)) was chosen as the source of arsenic. Incubation of the hepatocytes with NaAsO(2) (1 mM) for 2 h caused reduction in the cell viability and activities of the intracellular enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants. Treatment of NaAsO(2) enhanced lipid peroxidation and also increased the activities of the membrane leakage enzymes. Administration of AA (100 microg/ml) before and with the toxin almost normalized the altered activities of antioxidant indices. AA possesses free radical scavenging activity and could enhance the cellular anti-oxidant capability against NaAsO(2)-induced cyto-toxicity. The cytoprotective activity of AA was found to be comparable to that of a known antioxidant, vitamin C. Experimental results, therefore, suggest that AA protects arsenic-induced cytotoxicity in murine hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
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Jones P, Dunford HB. The mechanism of Compound I formation revisited. J Inorg Biochem 2005; 99:2292-8. [PMID: 16213024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Revised: 07/10/2005] [Accepted: 08/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The most recently proposed mechanisms for the formation of the Compound I intermediates of the peroxidases and catalases have been based on the crystallographic elucidation of the enzyme structures. It has been assumed that these mechanisms are compatible with an earlier proposal of the formation of a reversible enzyme-substrate intermediate called Compound 0, which was based on data that pre-dated the availability of the enzyme structures. However, it is argued here that this is not the case and some modifications of the existing mechanism are proposed which reconcile the structural, kinetic and energetic data for the reactions. This paper focuses attention on horseradish peroxidase isoenzyme C and particularly on the acid-base properties of the imidazole side chain of distal histidine 42. This imidazole group has an exceptionally low pK(a) value in the resting enzyme, which is higher in Compound I and higher still in Compound II. The pK(a) value must also be greatly increased following Compound 0 formation so that the imidazole can become an effective proton acceptor. An explanation is offered in a dielectric insertion (DI) model, in which the peroxide substrate, or fragments thereof, screens the influence of the positively charged heme iron on the pK(a) value of the imidazole group. It is proposed that Compound 0 is converted to a second intermediate, Compound 0*, by intramolecular proton transfer along a pre-existing hydrogen bond, a process which reduces the energy requirements of charge separation in the deprotonation of hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Dinçer A, Aydemir T. Purification and characterization of catalase from chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla). JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION 2001; 16:165-75. [PMID: 11342285 DOI: 10.1080/14756360109162366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Catalase is a major primary antioxidant defence component that primarily catalyses the decomposition of H(2) O(2) to H(2) O. Here we report the purification and characterization of catalase from chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla). Following a procedure that involved chloroform treatment, ammonium sulfate precipitation and three chromatographic steps (CM-cellulose, Sephadex G-25, and Sephadex G-200), catalase was purified about 250-fold to a final specific activity of 56947 U/mg of protein. The molecular weight of the purified catalase and its subunit were determined to be 235 000 and 58 500 daltons, indicating that the chard catalase is a tetramer. The absorption spectra showed a soret peak at 406 nm, and there was slightly reduction by dithionite. The ratio of absorption at 406 and 275 nanometers was 1.5, the value being similar to that obtained for catalase from other plant sources. In the catalytic reaction, the apparent Km value for chard catalase was 50 mM. The purified protein has a broad pH optimum for catalase activity between 6.0 and 8.0. The enzyme had an optimum reaction temperature at 30 degrees C. Heme catalase inhibitors, such as azide and cyanide, inhibited the enzyme activity markedly and the enzyme was also inactivated by ?-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol and iodoacetamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dinçer
- Celal Bayar University, Science and Arts Faculty, Chemistry Department, Muradiye-Manisa 45047 Türkiye.
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Abstract
A water molecule is coproduced with the Compound I intermediate in the reactions of native heme peroxidases and catalases with hydrogen peroxide. As a result of water release/rebinding from/to the coproduct formation site the Compound I intermediate may exist in two forms: a "wet" form, Compound I(H(2)O), in which a water molecule is present at or near the site of coproduct water formation, and Compound I, in which the coproduct water formation site is "dry." It is postulated that the absence or presence of a water molecule at this site provides the structural basis for a redox pathway switching mechanism, such that the transition states for 2-electron equivalent reduction of Compound I intermediates are accessible in the dry form, but that in the wet form only 1-electron equivalent processes are possible, unless release of water can be stimulated. This concept provides the basis of a general mechanism in which the classical functional distinction between catalases and peroxidases, as well as the more complex behavior observed in halide oxidation and halogenation reactions, appear as particular cases in which variations in the degree of retention of water at the coproduct formation site influence Compound I reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
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Travascio P, Li Y, Sen D. DNA-enhanced peroxidase activity of a DNA-aptamer-hemin complex. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 1998; 5:505-17. [PMID: 9751647 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(98)90006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 764] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro selection (SELEX) previously identified short single-stranded DNAs that specifically bound N-methylmesoporphyrin IX (NMM), a stable transition-state analogue for porphyrin-metallation reactions. Interestingly, iron(III)-protoporphyrin (hemin) was a good competitive inhibitor for the DNA-catalyzed metallation reaction, and appeared to bind strongly to the NMM-binding DNA aptamers. We investigated the peroxidase activity of the aptamer-hemin complexes to see if the DNA component of the complex, like the apoenzymes in protein peroxidases, could enhance the low intrinsic peroxidatic activity of hemin. RESULTS Two porphyrin-binding DNA aptamers bound hemin with submicromolar affinity. The aptamer-hemin complexes had significantly higher peroxidase activity than hemin alone, under physiological conditions. The Vobs of the PS2.M-hemin complex was 250 times greater than that of hemin alone, and significantly superior to a previously reported hemin-catalytic-antibody complex. Preliminary spectroscopic evidence suggests the coordination of the hemin iron in the complex changes, such that the complex more closely resembles horseradish peroxidase and other heme proteins rather than hemin. CONCLUSIONS A new class of catalytic activity for nucleic acids is reported. The aptamer-hemin complexes described are novel DNA enzymes and their study will help elucidate the structural and functional requirements of peroxidase enzymes in general and the ways that a nucleic acid 'apoenzyme' might work to enhance the intrinsic peroxidatic ability of hemin. These aptamer-hemin complexes could be regarded as prototypes for redox-catalyzing ribozymes in a primordial 'RNA world'.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Travascio
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Reversible formation of high-valent-iron-oxo porphyrin intermediates in heme-based catalysis: revisiting the kinetic model for horseradish peroxidase. Inorganica Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(97)06111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Salem IA. Role of aliphatic diamine ligands in hydrogen peroxide decomposition with Dowex-50W resin as transition metal complex ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-5102(93)87105-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Purification and properties of a highly active catalase from cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(91)90034-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Calabrese JP, Bissonnette GK. Improved membrane filtration method incorporating catalase and sodium pyruvate for detection of chlorine-stressed coliform bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56:3558-64. [PMID: 2268162 PMCID: PMC185023 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.11.3558-3564.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro pure culture studies were conducted on three different strains of Escherichia coli (K-12, EPA 00244, and SWEI) to determine the effect of chlorination on catalase activity. In each case, stationary-phase cells exhibited significant (P less than 0.001) reductions in enzyme activity following exposure to chlorine. Mean differences in activity between control and chlorine-stressed cells ranged from 8.8 to 20.3 U/mg of protein for E. coli SWEI and EPA 00244, respectively. Following initial enzyme studies, resuscitation experiments utilizing the membrane filtration technique were conducted on chlorinated sewage effluent. Five different amendments, including catalase (1,000 U per plate), heat-inactivated catalase (1,000-U per plate), sodium pyruvate (0.05%), a catalase-sodium pyruvate combination (1,500 U/0.01%), and acetic acid (0.05%), were tested for the ability to enhance detection of chlorine-stressed cells on M-fecal coliform (M-FC), mT7, M-Endo, and tryptone-glucose-yeast extract (TGY) media. Significant (P less than 0.001) increases in recovery of fecal coliforms on M-FC, total coliforms on mT7 and M-Endo, and total heterotrophs on TGY were obtained on plates containing catalase, pyruvate, or the combination of these compounds. Supplementation with heat-inactivated catalase and acetic acid did not improve recovery of chlorine-stressed cells compared with recovery on nonamended media. Subsequent analysis of colonies from plates containing compounds which enhanced recovery indicated coliform verification percentages of greater than 80% on M-FC, greater than 90% on mT7, and greater than 94% on M-Endo media. These data suggest that the addition of peroxide-degrading compounds to various standard recovery media may improve detection of both coliform and heterotrophic bacteria in chlorinated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Calabrese
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506-6057
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Abstract
The kinetics of formation of the dominant intermediate (CII) formed between hemin and H2O2 has been studied by the stopped-flow method. CII is preceded by a precursor (CI) for which a steady state is established at an early stage of the reaction. The formation of CI from hemin and H2O2 causes only a marginal change in the optical absorbance (A). The transition CI----CII is accompanied by a substantial decrease of A in the Soret region. Relevant rate constants (or combinations of them) and the molar absorption coefficients of the intermediates at 400 nm have been determined. The absorption spectrum of CII in the Soret region has been evaluated. Aspects of the catalysis of decomposition of H2O2 by hemin in relation to the Fe3+ ion and catalase are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Kremer
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Goldberg I, Hochman A. Purification and characterization of a novel type of catalase from the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989; 991:330-6. [PMID: 2655713 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(89)90124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel type of catalase, designated KpA, was purified from the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. The enzyme is unique in that it is a dimer with subunit molecular weight of 80,000, it bears a chlorine-type heme as prosthetic group, and is active over a very wide range of H+ concentrations, with a plateau from pH 2.8 to 11.8. Yet, some properties of KpA are characteristic of typical catalases: it is stable when treated with with ethanol/chloroform, cannot be reduced by dithionite and it is inhibited by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and by the conjugate acid forms of azide and cyanide. The protein of KpA is outstandingly resistant to denaturing conditions: it retains full activity when incubated with 8 M urea, at 30 degrees C for 4 days, it is stable for 1 h at 70 degrees C and at pH values 3.1 and 11.5 and, when dialyzed against 50 mM H2O2, it still retains 42% of its activity after 80 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Goldberg
- Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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Hochman A, Shemesh A. Purification and characterization of a catalase-peroxidase from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)48325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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