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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Jin X, Hong S, Tian H. Exerkines: Benign adaptation for exercise and benefits for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 726:150305. [PMID: 38917635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Exercise has multiple beneficial effects on human metabolic health and is regarded as a "polypill" for various diseases. At present, the lack of physical activity usually causes an epidemic of chronic metabolic syndromes, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Remarkably, NAFLD is emerging as a serious public health issue and is associated with the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Unfortunately, specific drug therapies for NAFLD and its more severe form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), are currently unavailable. Lifestyle modification is the foundation of treatment recommendations for NAFLD and NASH, especially for exercise. There are under-appreciated organs that crosstalk to the liver during exercise such as muscle-liver crosstalk. Previous studies have reported that certain exerkines, such as FGF21, GDF15, irisin, and adiponectin, are beneficial for liver metabolism and have the potential to be targeted for NAFLD treatment. In addition, some of exerkines can be modified for the new proteins and get enhanced functions, like IL-6/IC7Fc. Another importance of exercise is the physiological adaptation that combats metabolic diseases. Thus, this review aims to summarize the known exerkines and utilize a multi-omics mining tool to identify more exerkines for the future research. Overall, understanding the mechanisms by which exercise-induced exerkines exert their beneficial effects on metabolic health holds promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for NAFLD and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Yong Ding Hospital, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Xingsheng Jin
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shangyu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Haili Tian
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Xiao K, Jia X, Qiang W, Chang L, Liu W, Zhang D. Tryptophan supplements in high-carbohydrate diets by improving insulin response and glucose transport through PI3K-AKT-GLUT2 pathways in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). J Nutr Biochem 2024:109715. [PMID: 39127308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to elucidate the metabolic ramifications of tryptophan supplementation in the context of high-carbohydrate diet-feeding, which is important for improving feeding strategies in aquaculture in order to improve fish carbohydrate metabolism. Juvenile blunt snout bream with an initial mean body mass of 55.0±0.5 g were allocated to consume one of three experimental diets: CN, a normal diet with carbohydrate content of 30% (w/w); HC, a diet with high carbohydrate content of 43% (w/w); and HL, a high-carbohydrate diet to which 0.8% L-tryptophan (L-trp) had been added. These diets were fed for 8 weeks, and the effects of the carbohydrate and tryptophan contents of the diets were assessed. Histological analysis using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Oil Red O staining revealed that high-carbohydrate intake was associated with abnormal hepatocyte morphology and excessive liver lipid accumulation, which were notably ameliorated by tryptophan supplementation. A significant increase in plasma glucose, glucagon, AGEs (advanced glycation end products), triglycerides, total cholesterol, and a significant decrease in insulin and hepatic glycogen after a high-carbohydrate diet in terms of plasma indices, compared to the control group. Almost all of them were restored to the normal level in the HL group. The present study might preliminarily suggest that tryptophan supplementation ameliorates the imbalance in glucose metabolism of this species induced by a high-carbohydrate diet. Transcriptomics showed that glucose metabolism under high carbohydrate was mainly regulated by the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. The mRNA expression and protein levels of GLUT2 also varied with this pathway, which would suggest that sustained activation of this pathway with the addition of tryptophan accelerates glucose transport and insulin secretion under high-carbohydrate diet. Subsequent GTT and ITT experiments have also demonstrated that tryptophan improves glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance in blunt snout bream on a high-carbohydrate diet. In conclusion, these findings elucidate the positive regulatory effect of tryptophan on the PI3K-AKT-GLUT2 pathway under a high carbohydrate diet and provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent rational application of high carbohydrate diets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Le Chang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Dingdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Taheri R, Mokhtari Y, Yousefi AM, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt signaling axis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): From mechanistic insights into possible therapeutic targets. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:1049-1068. [PMID: 38812089 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an immensely debilitating chronic disease that progressively undermines the well-being of various bodily organs and, indeed, most patients succumb to the disease due to post-T2DM complications. Although there is evidence supporting the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway by insulin, which is essential in regulating glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, the significance of this pathway in T2DM has only been explored in a few studies. The current review aims to unravel the mechanisms by which different classes of PI3Ks control the metabolism of glucose; and also to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on this topic. We also summarized the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling axis in target tissues spanning from the skeletal muscle to the adipose tissue and liver. Furthermore, inquiries regarding the impact of disrupting this axis on insulin function and the development of insulin resistance have been addressed. We also provide a general overview of the association of impaired PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the most prevalent diabetes-related complications. The last section provides a special focus on the therapeutic potential of this axis by outlining the latest advances in active compounds that alleviate diabetes via modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Finally, we comment on the future research aspects in which the field of T2DM therapies using PI3K modulators might be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Taheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yazdan Mokhtari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Mohammad Yousefi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ma ZW, Mou JY, Yuan Q, Wang ZY, Liu QH, Deng B, Zhang YD, Tang DQ, Wang L. Molecular exploration of the diurnal alteration of glycogen structural fragility and stability in time-restricted-feeding mouse liver. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134225. [PMID: 39074710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The structure of glycogen α particles in healthy mouse liver has two states: stability and fragility. In contrast, glycogen α particles in diabetic liver present consistent fragility, which may exacerbate hyperglycemia. Currently, the molecular mechanism behind glycogen structural alteration is still unclear. In this study, we characterized the fine molecular structure of liver glycogen α particles in healthy mice under time-restricted feeding (TRF) mode during a 24-h cycle. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the liver during daytime and nighttime were revealed via transcriptomics, which identified that the key downregulated DEGs were mainly related to insulin secretion in daytime. Furthermore, GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment found that negative regulation of the glycogen catabolic process and insulin secretion process were significantly downregulated in the daytime. Therefore, transcriptomic analyses indicated that the structural stability of glycogen α particles might be correlated with the glycogen degradation process via insulin secretion downregulation. Further molecular experiments confirmed the significant upregulation of glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL), phosphorylated PYGL (p-PYGL), and glycogen debranching enzyme (AGL) at the protein level during the daytime. Overall, we concluded that the downregulation of insulin secretion in the daytime under TRF mode facilitated glycogenolysis, contributing to the structural stability of glycogen α-particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Wen Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jing-Yi Mou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Department of Intelligent Medical Engineering, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Dong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of The First Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Dao-Quan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia.
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Parkin RA, Murray AJ. The therapeutic potential of irisin to mitigate the risk of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2024; 6:1355922. [PMID: 39040132 PMCID: PMC11260725 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2024.1355922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oestradiol withdrawal at menopause predisposes women to metabolic syndrome, a cluster of interrelated conditions including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension that together confer an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Hormone replacement therapies are commonly used to treat acute symptoms of the perimenopausal period, and whilst they have been associated with metabolic improvements in many studies, long-term use is considered unviable. Novel approaches are required to mitigate the risk of postmenopausal metabolic syndrome. In 2012, the exercise-inducible myokine irisin was isolated from the skeletal muscle of mice and identified to have anti-obesity and antidiabetic effects in vivo. Irisin is now recognised to exert pleiotropic action on cognitive, bone and metabolic health. There is accumulating evidence from in vitro and in vivo rodent studies that irisin can mitigate each component condition of metabolic syndrome. In postmenopausal women, independent associations have been observed between (a) exercise and plasma irisin concentration and (b) plasma irisin concentration and reduced incidence of metabolic syndrome. To date, however, no study has considered the mechanistic basis by which irisin, whether exercise-induced or exogenously administered, could reduce the incidence or severity of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. This review aims to analyse the literature concerning the metabolic actions of irisin, with a focus on its therapeutic potential for metabolic syndrome driven by a state of oestradiol depletion. It evaluates the practicality of exercise as a therapy and discusses other irisin-based therapeutic strategies that may alleviate postmenopausal metabolic syndrome. Finally, it highlights areas where future research is required to advance knowledge of irisin's biological action such that it could be considered a viable candidate for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J. Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Lu C, Liu D, Li M, Shi X, Guan J, Song G, Yin Y, Zheng M, Ma F, Liu G. GPR30 selective agonist G-1 induced insulin resistance in ovariectomized mice on high fat diet and its mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 716:150026. [PMID: 38701557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that estrogen receptor agonist G-1 regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. This study focused on the effects of G-1 on cardiometabolic syndrome and anti-obesity under a high fat diet (HFD). METHODS Bilateral ovariectomized female mice were fed an HFD for 6 weeks, and treated them with G-1. A cardiomyocyte insulin resistance model was used to simulate the in vivo environment. The main outcome measures were blood glucose, body weight, and serum insulin levels to assess insulin resistance, while cardiac function and degree of fibrosis were assessed by cardiac ultrasound and pathological observations. We also examined the expression of p-AMPK, p-AKT, and GLUT4 in mice hearts and in vitro models to explore the mechanism by which G-1 regulates insulin signaling. RESULTS G-1 reduced body weight in mice on an HFD, but simultaneously increased blood glucose and promoted insulin resistance, resulting in myocardial damage. This damage included disordered cardiomyocytes, massive accumulation of glycogen, extensive fibrosis of the heart, and thickening of the front and rear walls of the left ventricle. At the molecular level, G-1 enhances gluconeogenesis and promotes glucose production by increasing the activity of pyruvate carboxylase (PC) while inhibiting GLUT4 translocation via the AMPK/TBC1D1 pathway, thereby limiting glucose uptake. CONCLUSION Despite G-1's the potential efficacy in weight reduction, the concomitant induction of insulin resistance and cardiac impairment in conjunction with an HFD raises significant concerns. Therefore, comprehensive studies of its safety profile and effects under specific conditions are essential prior to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaocui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jingyue Guan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Guoyuan Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yajuan Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Mingqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Clinical Application, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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7
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Liang A, Leonard W, Beasley JT, Fang Z, Zhang P, Ranadheera CS. Anthocyanins-gut microbiota-health axis: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:7563-7588. [PMID: 36927343 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2187212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a subclass of flavonoids responsible for color in some fruits and vegetables with potent antioxidative capacity. During digestion, a larger proportion of dietary anthocyanins remains unabsorbed and reach the large intestine where they interact with the gut microbiota. Anthocyanins can modulate gut microbial populations to improve diversity and the proportion of beneficial populations, leading to alterations in short chain fatty acid and bile acid production. Some anthocyanins can be degraded into colonic metabolites, such as phenolic acids, which accumulate in the body and regulate a range of biological activities. Here we provide an overview of the effects of dietary anthocyanin consumption on gut microbial interactions, metabolism, and composition. Progression of chronic diseases has been strongly associated with imbalances in gut microbial populations. We therefore focus on the role of the gut microbiota as the 'mediator' that facilitates the therapeutic potential of anthocyanins against various chronic diseases, including obesity, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, fatty liver disease, chronic kidney disease and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Liang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Leonard
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jesse T Beasley
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chaminda Senaka Ranadheera
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Shi Y, Bai C, Wang T, Ruan F, Hu C. Upregulation of MMPs in placentas of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: Involvement of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32518. [PMID: 39021921 PMCID: PMC11252657 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a notable rise in the incidence of pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), characterized by glucose intolerance first identified during pregnancy. Analysis of placental tissue has revealed that placentas from women with GDM tend to be larger and heavier compared to control placentas, indicating potential changes in trophoblast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was conducted on placentas obtained from both normal pregnancies and pregnancies with GDM to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this condition. The original sequencing data were subjected to sequencing analysis, resulting in the identification of 935 upregulated genes and 256 downregulated genes. The KEGG and GO analysis techniques on differential genes uncovered evidence suggesting that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of GDM. Subsequent analysis indicated that the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 11, MMP12, MMP14, and MMP15, which are regulated by the PI3K/Akt pathway, were upregulated in the placentas of patients with GDM when compared to those of individuals with normal placental function. Additionally, our investigation into alternative splicing patterns revealed an increase in exon skipping alternative splicing of CSF3R in the placenta of patients with GDM compared to that in the control group. The CSF3R-PI3K-MMP pathway is speculated to regulate the pathogenesis of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272029, PR China
| | - Yufen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272029, PR China
| | - Yanyan Shi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272029, PR China
| | - Chunyu Bai
- Precision Medicine Laboratory for Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272029, PR China
| | - Fang Ruan
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272029, PR China
| | - Chuanbing Hu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272029, PR China
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Li N, Wang XL, Ge R, Wang Y, Tian XL, Zhu GQ, Zhou B. FNDC5 inhibits malignant growth of human cervical cancer cells via restraining PI3K/AKT pathway. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31267. [PMID: 38558303 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CxCa) is the fourth most frequent cancer in women. This study aimed to determine the role and underlying mechanism of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in inhibiting CxCa growth. Experiments were performed in human CxCa tissues, human CxCa cell lines (HeLa and SiHa), and xenograft mouse model established by subcutaneous injection of SiHa cells in nude mice. Bioinformatics analysis showed that CxCa patients with high FNDC5 levels have a longer overall survival period. FNDC5 expression was increased in human CxCa tissues, HeLa and SiHa cells. FNDC5 overexpression or FNDC5 protein not only inhibited proliferation, but also restrained invasion and migration of HeLa and SiHa cells. The effects of FNDC5 were prevented by inhibiting integrin with cilengitide, activating PI3K with recilisib or activating Akt with SC79. FNDC5 inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, which was attenuated by recilisib. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 showed similar effects to FNDC5 in HeLa and SiHa cells. Intravenous injection of FNDC5 (20 μg/day) for 14 days inhibited the tumor growth, and reduced the proliferation marker Ki67 expression and the Akt phosphorylation in the CxCa xenograft mouse model. These results indicate that FNDC5 inhibits the malignant phenotype of CxCa cells through restraining PI3K/Akt signaling. Upregulation of FNDC5 may play a beneficial role in retarding the tumor growth of CxCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Ge
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Tian
- Department of Pathology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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Yang S, Zhao M, Lu M, Feng Y, Zhang X, Wang D, Jiang W. Network Pharmacology Analysis, Molecular Docking Integrated Experimental Verification Reveal the Mechanism of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in the Treatment of Type II Diabetes by Regulating the IRS1/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5561-5581. [PMID: 38921004 PMCID: PMC11202160 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (GP), a plant with homology of medicine and food, as a traditional Chinese medicine, possesses promising biological activities in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the material basis and the mechanism of action of GP in the treatment of T2DM have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to clarify the active components, potential targets and signaling pathways of GP in treating T2DM. The chemical ingredients of GP were collected by combining UPLC-HRMS analysis and literature research. Network pharmacology revealed that GP had 32 components and 326 potential targets in treating T2DM. The results showed that GP affected T2DM by mediating the insulin resistance signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and FoxO1 signaling pathway, which had a close relationship with T2DM. Molecular docking results showed that STAT3, PIK3CA, AKT1, EGFR, VEGFA and INSR had high affinity with the active compounds of GP. In vitro, GP extracts obviously increased the glucose uptake and glucose consumption in IR-HepG2 cells. GP extracts increased the levels of PI3K, p-AKT, p-GSK3β and p-FoxO1 and decreased the expression of p-IRS1, p-GS, PEPCK and G6Pase, which indicated that GP could promote glycogen synthesis and inhibit gluconeogenesis by regulating the IRS1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The results demonstrated that GP could improve insulin resistance by promoting glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis and inhibiting gluconeogenesis through regulating the IRS1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which might be a potential alternative therapy for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqin Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (S.Y.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Mao Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (S.Y.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Mingxing Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (S.Y.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yuhan Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (S.Y.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (S.Y.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Daoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China;
| | - Wenwen Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (S.Y.); (M.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
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11
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Zhang T, Yi Q, Huang W, Feng J, Liu H. New insights into the roles of Irisin in diabetic cardiomyopathy and vascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116631. [PMID: 38663105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic disease in the 21st century due to increased lifespan and unhealthy lifestyle choices. Extensive research indicates that exercise can play a significant role in regulating systemic metabolism by improving energy metabolism and mitigating various metabolic disorders, including DM. Irisin, a well-known exerkine, was initially reported to enhance energy expenditure by indicating the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of Irisin on glucose dysmetabolism, including reducing gluconeogenesis, enhancing insulin energy expenditure, and promoting glycogenesis. Additionally, we highlight Irisin's potential to improve diabetic vascular diseases by stimulating nitric oxide (NO) production, reducing oxidative and nitrosative stress, curbing inflammation, and attenuating endothelial cell aging. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of Irisin to improve diabetic cardiomyopathy by preventing cardiomyocyte loss and reducing myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Given Irisin's promising functions in managing diabetic cardiomyopathy and vascular diseases, targeting Irisin for therapeutic purposes could be a fruitful avenue for future research and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandong Zhang
- Collage of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qian Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Collage of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; The Third People's Hospital of Longmatan District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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12
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Chen J, Guo L, Wang C, Peng P, Wu J, Zhang H, Liu F, Li Q. Can irisin be developed as the molecular evolutionary clock based on the origin and functions? Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 352:114515. [PMID: 38582177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Irisin, a myokine identified in 2012, has garnered research interest for its capacity to induce browning of adipocytes and improve metabolic parameters. As such, the potential therapeutic applications of this exercise-induced peptide continue to be explored. Though present across diverse animal species, sequence analysis has revealed subtle variation in the irisin protein. In this review, we consider the effects of irisin on disease states in light of its molecular evolution. We summarize current evidence for irisin's influence on pathologies and discuss how sequence changes may inform development of irisin-based therapies. Furthermore, we propose that the phylogenetic variations in irisin could potentially be leveraged as a molecular clock to elucidate evolutionary relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China
| | - Lijun Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China
| | - Peng Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China
| | - Jiaming Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China
| | - Huaidong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, PR China.
| | - Qin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, PR China.
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13
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Abruscato G, Tarantino R, Mauro M, Chiarelli R, Vizzini A, Arizza V, Vazzana M, Luparello C. Modulation of Glucose Consumption and Uptake in HepG2 Cells by Aqueous Extracts from the Coelomic Fluid of the Edible Holothuria tubulosa Sea Cucumber. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:378. [PMID: 38927258 PMCID: PMC11201224 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The cell-free aqueous extract from the coelomic fluid of Holothuria tubulosa was prepared and examined for its glucose-lowering effect on HepG2 cells in vitro. In particular, employing a combination of cytochemical, flow cytometric, PCR, and protein blot techniques, we evaluated its role on glucose internalization and storage and on the upregulation and surface translocation of the two glucose transporters GLUT-2 and -4. The changes in expression, synthesis, and/or activation of the GLUT2-related transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF1α) and the GLUT-4-translocation regulatory factors insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and AKT were also studied. Our results showed the improved glucose response by HepG2 cells, leading to an evident increase in glucose consumption/uptake and glycogen storage upon exposure. Moreover, the extract induced molecular reprogramming involving the upregulation of (i) IRS1 gene expression, (ii) the transcription and translation levels of HNF1α, AKT, and GLUT-4, (iii) the phosphorylation level of AKT, (iv) the synthesis of GLUT-2 protein, and (v) the translocation of GLUT-2 and -4 transporters onto the plasma membrane. Cumulatively, our results suggest that the coelomic fluid extract from H. tubulosa can be taken into consideration for the development of novel treatment agents against diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Abruscato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (A.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Roberta Tarantino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (A.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (A.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Roberto Chiarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (A.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Aiti Vizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (A.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (A.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (A.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (A.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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14
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Flori L, Benedetti G, Calderone V, Testai L. Hydrogen Sulfide and Irisin, Potential Allies in Ensuring Cardiovascular Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:543. [PMID: 38790648 PMCID: PMC11118251 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a myokine secreted under the influence of physical activity and exposure to low temperatures and through different exogenous stimuli by the cleavage of its precursor, fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). It is mainly known for maintaining of metabolic homeostasis, promoting the browning of white adipose tissue, the thermogenesis process, and glucose homeostasis. Growing experimental evidence suggests the possible central role of irisin in the regulation of cardiometabolic pathophysiological processes. On the other side, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is well recognized as a pleiotropic gasotransmitter that regulates several homeostatic balances and physiological functions and takes part in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. Through the S-persulfidation of cysteine protein residues, H2S is capable of interacting with crucial signaling pathways, exerting beneficial effects in regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis as well. H2S and irisin seem to be intertwined; indeed, recently, H2S was found to regulate irisin secretion by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)/FNDC5/irisin signaling pathway, and they share several mechanisms of action. Their involvement in metabolic diseases is confirmed by the detection of their lower circulating levels in obese and diabetic subjects. Along with the importance of metabolic disorders, these modulators exert favorable effects against cardiovascular diseases, preventing incidents of hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. This review, for the first time, aims to explore the role of H2S and irisin and their possible crosstalk in cardiovascular diseases, pointing out the main effects exerted through the common molecular pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (G.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Giada Benedetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (G.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (G.B.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (G.B.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
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15
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Zhang Y, He X, Wang K, Xue Y, Hu S, Jin Y, Zhu G, Shi Q, Rui Y. Irisin alleviates obesity-induced bone loss by inhibiting interleukin 6 expression via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB axis in adipocytes. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00156-5. [PMID: 38626873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity-induced bone loss affects the life quality of patients all over the world. Irisin, one of the myokines, plays an essential role in bone and fat metabolism. OBJECTIVE Investigate the effects of irisin on bone metabolism via adipocytes in the bone marrow microenvironment. METHODS In this study, we fed fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5, the precursor protein of irisin) knockout mice (FNDC5-/-) with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. The quality of bone mass was assessed by micro-CT analysis, histological staining, and dynamic bone formation. In vitro, the lipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was assayed by Oil Red O staining, and the osteogenic differentiation was assayed by alkaline phosphatase staining. Meanwhile, the gene expression in the BMSC-differentiated adipocytes by RNA sequence and the involved pathway of irisin were determined by western blot and qRT-PCR were performed. RESULTS The FNDC5-/- mice fed with a HFD showed an increased body weight, fat content of the bone marrow and bone, and a decreased bone formation compared with those with a standard diet (SD). In vitro, irisin inhibited the differentiation of BMSCs into adipocytes and alleviated the inhibition of osteogenesis derived from BMSCs by the adipocyte supernatant. RNA sequence and blocking experiment showed that irisin reduced the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in adipocytes through downregulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Immunofluorescence staining of bone marrow further confirmed an increased IL-6 expression in the FNDC5-/- mice fed with HFD compared with those fed with SD, which suffered serious bone loss. CONCLUSION Irisin downregulates activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, thereby reducing IL-6 production in adipocytes to enhance the osteogenesis of BMSCs. Thus, the rescue of osteogenesis of BMSCs, initially inhibited by IL-6, is a potential therapeutic target to mitigate obesity-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214026, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedics Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Xu He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedics Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214026, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedics Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214026, PR China
| | - Sihan Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214026, PR China
| | - Yesheng Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214026, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedics Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedics Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
| | - Yongjun Rui
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214026, PR China.
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Lotfy M, Khattab A, Shata M, Alhasbani A, Khalaf A, Alsaeedi S, Thaker M, Said H, Tumi H, Alzahmi H, Alblooshi O, Hamdan M, Hussein A, Kundu B, Adeghate EA. Melatonin increases AKT and SOD gene and protein expressions in diabetic rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28639. [PMID: 38586324 PMCID: PMC10998142 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease marked by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance leading to many chronic complications. It is thus important to manage diabetes effectively in order to prevent and or delay these complications. Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland and regulates the wake-sleep circadian rhythm. Existing evidence suggests that melatonin may be effective in the management of DM. However, the evidence on the mechanism of the beneficial effect melatonin as a treatment for DM is limited. In this study, we investigated the effect of melatonin treatment on blood glucose, insulin (INS), AKT and superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene levels in diabetic rats. Non-diabetic and diabetic rats were treated orally for 4 weeks with either 25 mg or 50 mg/kg body weight of melatonin. At the end of the study, pancreatic and liver tissues morphology, glucose homeostasis, serum insulin and SOD levels, hepatic gene and protein expression of SOD as protecting antioxidant enzyme and AKT as central element involved in PI3K/AKT insulin signaling pathway were estimated. Melatonin treated diabetic rats showed reduced hyperglycemia, and increased serum insulin and SOD levels. In addition, melatonin induced an increased gene and protein expression of SOD and AKT. In conclusion, melatonin may play a role in treating diabetic rats via stimulation of insulin secretion, insulin signaling and reduction in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Lotfy
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aalaa Khattab
- Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Shata
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Alhasbani
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdallah Khalaf
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Alsaeedi
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahdi Thaker
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hazza Said
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Harun Tumi
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hassan Alzahmi
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Omar Alblooshi
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamad Hamdan
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amjad Hussein
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Biduth Kundu
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ernest A. Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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17
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Chen C, Xie L, Zhang M, Shama, Cheng KKY, Jia W. The interplay between the muscle and liver in the regulation of glucolipid metabolism. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 15:mjad073. [PMID: 38095440 PMCID: PMC11078061 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shama
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenneth King Yip Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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18
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Zhao C, Ma G, Tao S, Wang M, Chen Z, Fang Y, Shi W. Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Pill delays the progression of diabetic retinopathy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117751. [PMID: 38216102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Pill (QJDH pill) is a Chinese decoction. Although it is commonly used to treat eye conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), its exact mechanism of action is unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the specific mechanism by which QJDH pill slows the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) based on animal and cellular experiments. MATERIAL AND METHODS The major components of QJDH pill were characterized by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLCMS/MS). C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups as follows: normal group (control group), model group (STZ group), low-dosage QJDH pill group (QJDH-L group), medium-dosage QJDH pill group (QJDH-M group) and high-dosage QJDH pill group (QJDH-H group). Changes in water intake, urination, food intake, and body mass were monitored weekly, while changes in blood glucose were monitored monthly. Fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were utilized to analyze the changes in fundus imaging indications. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to examine histopathologic and ultrastructural changes in retina. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in peripheral blood were detected using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mouse retina apoptotic cells were labeled with green fluorescence via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (Tunel). The protein levels of Bcl-2-Associated X (Bax), B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Caspase-3, PI3K, phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) were quantified by Western blot (WB). The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells were cultured and classified into five groups as follows: normal glucose group (NG group), high glucose group (HG group), high glucose + QJDH pill group (HG + QJDH group), high glucose + inhibitor group (HG + LY294002 group), and high glucose + inhibitor + QJDH pill group (HG + LY294002 + QJDH group). Cell viability and apoptosis were detected via Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and then analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS In vivo experiments revealed that the QJDH pill effectively reduced blood glucose, symptoms of increased water intake, elevated urination, increased food intake and decreased body mass in DR mice. QJDH pill also slowed the development of a series of fundus imaging signs, such as retinal microangiomas, tortuous dilatation of blood vessels, decreased vascular density, and thinning of retinal thickness, downregulated IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, and VEGF levels in peripheral blood, and inhibited retinal cell apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that high glucose environment inhibited RPE cell viability and activated RPE cell apoptosis pathway. In contrast, lyophilized powder of QJDH pill increased RPE cell viability, protected RPE cells from high glucose-induced damage, and decreased apoptosis of RPE cells by activating the pi3k pathway. CONCLUSION QJDH pill induces hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-VEGF and anti-retinal cell apoptosis by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and thus can protect the retina and slow the DR progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China; Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Guangcheng Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China; Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Sihan Tao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China; Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Mingyue Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Zhuolin Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Yiming Fang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China.
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19
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Qin Y, Chen J, Qian D, Li Z, Zhang L, Ma Q. Excessive Tryptophan and Phenylalanine Induced Pancreatic Injury and Glycometabolism Disorder in Grower-finisher Pigs. J Nutr 2024; 154:1333-1346. [PMID: 38582698 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in circulating insulin levels is associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the levels of branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) are altered in T2D, but whether AAAs play a role in insulin secretion and signaling remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of different AAAs on pancreatic function and on the use of insulin in finishing pigs. METHODS A total of 18 healthy finishing pigs (Large White) with average body weight of 100 ± 1.15 kg were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments: Con, a normal diet supplemented with 0.68% alanine; Phe, a normal diet supplemented with 1.26% phenylalanine; and Trp, a normal diet supplemented with 0.78% tryptophan. The 3 diets were isonitrogenous. There were 6 replicates in each group. RESULTS Herein, we investigated the effects of tryptophan and phenylalanine on pancreatic function and the use of insulin in finishing pigs and found that the addition of tryptophan and phenylalanine aggravated pancreatic fat deposition, increased the relative content of saturated fatty acids, especially palmitate (C16:0) and stearate (C18:0), and the resulting lipid toxicity disrupted pancreatic secretory function. We also found that tryptophan and phenylalanine inhibited the growth and secretion of β-cells, downregulated the gene expression of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the pancreas and liver, and reduced glucose utilization in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Using fattening pigs as a model, multiorgan combined analysis of the insulin-secreting organ pancreas and the main insulin-acting organ liver, excessive intake of tryptophan and phenylalanine will aggravate pancreatic damage leading to glucose metabolism disorders, providing new evidence for the occurrence and development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dali Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Licong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingquan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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20
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Cao X, Aierken A, Wang J, Guo X, Peng S, Jin Y. Protective Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Active Factor Combined with Alhagi maurorum Extract on Ulcerative Colitis and the Underlying Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3653. [PMID: 38612465 PMCID: PMC11011388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and reoccurring inflammatory bowel disease. The treatment effect of Alhagi maurorum and stem cell extracts on UC remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective role of Alhagi maurorum combined with stem cell extract on the intestinal mucosal barrier in an intestinal inflammation mouse model. Sixty mice were randomly divided into a control group, model group, Alhagi group, MSC group, and MSC/Alhagi group. MSC and Alhagi extract were found to reduce the disease activity index (DAI) scores in mice with colitis, alleviate weight loss, improve intestinal inflammation in mice (p < 0.05), preserve the integrity of the ileal wall and increase the number of goblet cells and mucin in colon tissues. Little inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the Alhagi, MSC, or MSC/Alhagi groups, and the degree of inflammation was significantly alleviated compared with that in the model group. The distribution of PCNA and TNF-alpha in the colonic tissues of the model group was more disperse than that in the normal group (p < 0.05), and the fluorescence intensity was lower. After MSC/Alhagi intervention, PCNA and TNF-alpha were distributed along the cellular membrane in the MSC/Alhagi group (p < 0.05). Compared with that in the normal control group, the intensity was slightly reduced, but it was still stronger than that in the model group. In conclusion, MSC/Alhagi can alleviate inflammatory reactions in mouse colonic tissue, possibly by strengthening the protective effect of the intestinal mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.C.); (A.A.); (J.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.C.); (A.A.); (J.W.); (X.G.)
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21
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Wang S, Hu S, Pan Y. The emerging roles of irisin in vascular calcification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1337995. [PMID: 38405155 PMCID: PMC10884194 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1337995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a common accompanying pathological change in many chronic diseases, which is caused by calcium deposition in the blood vessel wall and leads to abnormal blood vessel function. With the progress of medical technology, the diagnosis rate of vascular calcification has explosively increased. However, due to its mechanism's complexity, no effective drug can relieve or even reverse vascular calcification. Irisin is a myogenic cytokine regulating adipose tissue browning, energy metabolism, glucose metabolism, and other physiological processes. Previous studies have shown that irisin could serve as a predictor for vascular calcification, and protect against hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and other risk factors for vascular calcification. In terms of mechanism, it improves vascular endothelial dysfunction and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells. All the above evidence suggests that irisin plays a predictive and protective role in vascular calcification. In this review, we summarize the association of irisin to the related risk factors for vascular calcification and mainly explore the role of irisin in vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling (The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siwang Hu
- The Orthopaedic Center, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling (The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuping Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yuhuan Second People’s Hospital, Yuhuan, Zhejiang, China
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22
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Kaminska B, Kurowicka B, Kiezun M, Dobrzyn K, Kisielewska K, Gudelska M, Kopij G, Szymanska K, Zarzecka B, Koker O, Zaobidna E, Smolinska N, Kaminski T. The Role of Adipokines in the Control of Pituitary Functions. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:353. [PMID: 38275812 PMCID: PMC10812442 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The pituitary gland is a key endocrine gland in all classes of vertebrates, including mammals. The pituitary gland is an important component of hypothalamus-pituitary-target organ hormonal regulatory axes and forms a functional link between the nervous system and the endocrine system. In response to hypothalamic stimuli, the pituitary gland secretes a number of hormones involved in the regulation of metabolism, stress reactions and environmental adaptation, growth and development, as well as reproductive processes and lactation. In turn, hormones secreted by target organs at the lowest levels of the hormonal regulatory axes regulate the functions of the pituitary gland in the process of hormonal feedback. The pituitary also responds to other peripheral signals, including adipose-tissue-derived factors. These substances are a broad group of peptides known as adipocytokines or adipokines that act as endocrine hormones mainly involved in energy homeostasis. Adipokines, including adiponectin, resistin, apelin, chemerin, visfatin, and irisin, are also expressed in the pituitary gland, and they influence the secretory functions of this gland. This review is an overview of the existing knowledge of the relationship between chosen adipose-derived factors and endocrine functions of the pituitary gland, with an emphasis on the pituitary control of reproductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kaminska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Beata Kurowicka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Marta Kiezun
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Kamil Dobrzyn
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Kisielewska
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Marlena Gudelska
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Kopij
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Karolina Szymanska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Barbara Zarzecka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Oguzhan Koker
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Ewa Zaobidna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Nina Smolinska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Tadeusz Kaminski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.K.); (B.K.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (B.Z.); (O.K.); (N.S.)
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23
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Kwan SH, Gonzalez de Mejia E. The Potential of the Adzuki Bean ( Vigna angularis) and Its Bioactive Compounds in Managing Type 2 Diabetes and Glucose Metabolism: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:329. [PMID: 38276567 PMCID: PMC10820388 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common noncommunicable disease. In the United States alone, 37 million Americans had diabetes in 2017. The adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), a legume, has been reported to possess antidiabetic benefits. However, the extent and specific mechanisms through which adzuki bean consumption may contribute to T2D prevention and management remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review is to analyze current evidence supporting the utilization of adzuki beans in the diet as a strategy for preventing and managing T2D. Animal studies have demonstrated a positive impact of adzuki beans on managing T2D. However, supporting data from humans are limited. Conversely, the potential of adzuki bean consumption in preventing T2D via modulating two T2D risk factors (obesity and dyslipidemia) also lacks conclusive evidence. Animal studies have suggested an inconsistent and even contradictory relationship between adzuki bean consumption and the management of obesity and dyslipidemia, in which both positive and negative relationships are reported. In sum, based on the existing scientific literature, this review found that the effects of adzuki bean consumption on preventing and managing T2D in humans remain undetermined. Consequently, human randomized controlled trials are needed to elucidate the potential benefits of the adzuki bean and its bioactive components in the prevention and management of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hang Kwan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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24
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Xia J, Wang Z, Yu P, Yan X, Zhao J, Zhang G, Gong D, Zeng Z. Effect of Different Medium-Chain Triglycerides on Glucose Metabolism in High-Fat-Diet Induced Obese Rats. Foods 2024; 13:241. [PMID: 38254542 PMCID: PMC10815142 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity can be associated with significant metabolic disorders. Our previous study found that medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) improved lipid metabolism in obese rats. However, scant attention has been given to exploring the impact of MCTs on glucose metabolism in obese rats. This study is designed to examine the effects and mechanisms of three distinct MCTs on glucose metabolism in obese rats. To induce obesity, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a high-fat diet, followed by a 12-week treatment with caprylic triglyceride (CYT), capric triglyceride (CT), and lauric triglyceride (LT). The results showed that three types of MCT intervention reduced the levels of lipids (TC, TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c), hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (insulin, OGTT, HOMA-IR, and ISI), and inflammatory markers (IL-4, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in obese rats (p < 0.01), The above parameters have been minimally improved in the high-fat restoring group (HR) group. MCTs can modulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways to alleviate insulin resistance and improve glucose metabolism in obese rats. Furthermore, MCTs can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ and reduce the phosphorylation of PPARγser237 mediated by CDK5, which can improve insulin sensitivity without lipid deposition in obese rats. Among the MCT group, CT administration performed the best in the above pathways, with the lowest blood glucose level and insulin resistance. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the connection between health benefits and the specific type of MCT employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (J.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhixin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (J.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (J.X.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xianghui Yan
- School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Junxin Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China;
| | - Deming Gong
- New Zealand Institute of Natural Medicine Research, 8 Ha Crescent, Auckland 2104, New Zealand;
| | - Zheling Zeng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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25
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Li X, Hu S, Cai Y, Liu X, Luo J, Wu T. Revving the engine: PKB/AKT as a key regulator of cellular glucose metabolism. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1320964. [PMID: 38264327 PMCID: PMC10804622 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1320964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is of critical importance for cell growth and proliferation, the disorders of which have been widely implicated in cancer progression. Glucose uptake is achieved differently by normal cells and cancer cells. Even in an aerobic environment, cancer cells tend to undergo metabolism through glycolysis rather than the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Disordered metabolic syndrome is characterized by elevated levels of metabolites that can cause changes in the tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting tumor recurrence and metastasis. The activation of glycolysis-related proteins and transcription factors is involved in the regulation of cellular glucose metabolism. Changes in glucose metabolism activity are closely related to activation of protein kinase B (PKB/AKT). This review discusses recent findings on the regulation of glucose metabolism by AKT in tumors. Furthermore, the review summarizes the potential importance of AKT in the regulation of each process throughout glucose metabolism to provide a theoretical basis for AKT as a target for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuying Hu
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaoting Cai
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelian Liu
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Luo
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Trojan A, Lone YC, Briceno I, Trojan J. Anti-Gene IGF-I Vaccines in Cancer Gene Therapy: A Review of a Case of Glioblastoma. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1983-2002. [PMID: 38031775 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673237968231106095141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccines for the deadliest brain tumor - glioblastoma (GBM) - are generally based on targeting growth factors or their receptors, often using antibodies. The vaccines described in the review were prepared to suppress the principal cancer growth factor - IGF-I, using anti-gene approaches either of antisense (AS) or of triple helix (TH) type. Our objective was to increase the median survival of patients treated with AS and TH cell vaccines. METHODOLOGY The cells were transfected in vitro by both constructed IGF-I AS and IGF-I TH expression episomal vectors; part of these cells was co-cultured with plant phytochemicals, modulating IGF-I expression. Both AS and TH approaches completely suppressed IGF-I expression and induced MHC-1 / B7 immunogenicity related to the IGF-I receptor signal. RESULTS This immunogenicity proved to be stronger in IGF-I TH than in IGF-I AS-prepared cell vaccines, especially in TH / phytochemical cells. The AS and TH vaccines generated an important TCD8+ and TCD8+CD11b- immune response in treated GBM patients and increased the median survival of patients up to 17-18 months, particularly using TH vaccines; in some cases, 2- and 3-year survival was reported. These clinical results were compared with those obtained in therapies targeting other growth factors. CONCLUSION The anti-gene IGF-I vaccines continue to be applied in current GBM personalized medicine. Technical improvements in the preparation of AS and TH vaccines to increase MHC-1 and B7 immunogenicity have, in parallel, allowed to increase in the median survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Trojan
- INSERM UMR 1197, Cancer Center & University of Paris / Saclay, PO Box: 94802 Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, PO Box: 130014 Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - Yu-Chun Lone
- INSERM UMR 1197, Cancer Center & University of Paris / Saclay, PO Box: 94802 Villejuif, France
- CEDEA / ICGT - Center of Oncological Diseases Diagnosis, PO Box: 110231 Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ignacio Briceno
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Sabana, PO Box: 250008 Chia, Colombia
| | - Jerzy Trojan
- INSERM UMR 1197, Cancer Center & University of Paris / Saclay, PO Box: 94802 Villejuif, France
- CEDEA / ICGT - Center of Oncological Diseases Diagnosis, PO Box: 110231 Bogota, Colombia
- National Academy of Medicine - ANM, PO Box: 75272 Paris, France
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27
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Sanni O, Nkomozepi P, Islam MS. Ethyl Acetate Fractions of Tectona Grandis Crude Extract Modulate Glucose Absorption and Uptake as Well as Antihyperglycemic Potential in Fructose-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:28. [PMID: 38203195 PMCID: PMC10778942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global health challenge with increased morbidity and mortality rates yearly. Herbal medicine has provided an alternative approach to treating T2D with limited access to formal healthcare. Tectona grandis is being used traditionally in the treatment of diabetes. The present study investigated the antidiabetic potential of T. grandis leaves in different solvent extractions, and the crude extract that demonstrated the best activity was further fractionated through solvent-solvent partitioning. The ethyl acetate fraction of the ethanol crude extract showed the best antidiabetic activity in inhibiting α-glucosidase, delaying glucose absorption at the small intestine's lumen, and enhancing the muscle's postprandial glucose uptake. The ethyl acetate fraction was further elucidated for its ability to reduce hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. The ethyl acetate fraction significantly reduced high blood glucose levels in diabetic rats with concomitant modulation in stimulated insulin secretions through improved pancreatic β-cell function, insulin sensitivity by increasing liver glycogen content, and reduced elevated levels of liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity. These activities could be attributed to the phytochemical constituents of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle Sanni
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (O.S.); (P.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Pilani Nkomozepi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (O.S.); (P.N.)
| | - Md. Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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28
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Barbagallo F, Cannarella R, Garofalo V, Marino M, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Tiranini L, Nappi RE, Calogero AE. The Role of Irisin throughout Women's Life Span. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3260. [PMID: 38137481 PMCID: PMC10741019 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, much attention has been drawn to irisin's potential role in metabolic and reproductive diseases. This narrative review summarizes and updates the possible role played by this fascinating molecule in different physiological (puberty and menopause) and pathological (polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), endometriosis, and gestational diabetes) conditions that can affect women throughout their entire lives. Irisin appears to be an important factor for the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activation, and appears to play a role in the timing of puberty onset. Serum irisin levels have been proposed as a biomarker for predicting the future development of gestational diabetes (GDM). Its role in PCOS is still controversial, although an "irisin resistance" mechanism has been hypothesized. In addition to its impact on metabolism, irisin also appears to influence bone health. Irisin levels are inversely correlated with the prevalence of fractures in postmenopausal women. Similar mechanisms have also been postulated in young women with FHA. In clinical settings, further controlled, prospective and randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate the casual relationship between irisin levels and the conditions described and, in turn, to establish the role of irisin as a prognostic/diagnostic biomarker or a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44125, USA
| | - Vincenzo Garofalo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Marta Marino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Rosita A. Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Lara Tiranini
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.T.); (R.E.N.)
| | - Rossella E. Nappi
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.T.); (R.E.N.)
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Gynecological Endocrinology and Menopause, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo E. Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
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Zheng W, Yang J, Zhang Q, Cheng M, Shaukat H, Qin H. Sesamol Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance in C57BL/6 J Mice Through AMPK Activation Mediated by Adipose Adiponectin. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:720-727. [PMID: 37775709 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Sesamol is the major bioactive constituent isolated from sesame seeds and has a variety of bioactivities. However, its role and mechanism in liver insulin resistance remain unknown. The current study was designed to investigate the underlying adipose-liver crosstalk mechanism of sesamol ameliorating hepatic insulin sensitivity. The therapeutic effect of sesamol was evaluated in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 J mice (100 mg/kg for 8 weeks, XYGW-2021-75) and the mechanism was further explored in HepG2 cells with/without adiponectin and adenosine 5 '-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor administration. Our in vivo data showed that sesamol reduced hepatic insulin resistance in HFD-induced mice with obesity by modulating protein expression levels of glycogen synthase (GS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and protein kinase B (AKT). Moreover, sesamol not only increased the serum and adipose tissue adiponectin concentrations but also activated the phosphorylation of AMPK in the liver. Furthermore, in vitro studies using recombinant human adiponectin and an AMPK inhibitor revealed that adiponectin and sesamol have a synergic impact on increasing glycogenesis and reducing gluconeogenesis, of which the effects could be attenuated by the AMPK inhibitor. Taken together, our results suggested that sesamol stimulated adiponectin secretion from adipocytes, whereby exhibited a co-effect on activating the downstream signal of hepatic AMPK, resulting in the alleviation of hepatic insulin resistance. The novel findings of sesamol on hepatic effects provides prospective therapeutic approaches to treat insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Zheng
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jinxin Yang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Quanquan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Minghui Cheng
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Horia Shaukat
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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Pelczyńska M, Miller-Kasprzak E, Piątkowski M, Mazurek R, Klause M, Suchecka A, Bucoń M, Bogdański P. The Role of Adipokines and Myokines in the Pathogenesis of Different Obesity Phenotypes-New Perspectives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2046. [PMID: 38136166 PMCID: PMC10740719 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a characteristic disease of the twenty-first century that is affecting an increasing percentage of society. Obesity expresses itself in different phenotypes: normal-weight obesity (NWO), metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). A range of pathophysiological mechanisms underlie the occurrence of obesity, including inflammation, oxidative stress, adipokine secretion, and other processes related to the pathophysiology of adipose tissue (AT). Body mass index (BMI) is the key indicator in the diagnosis of obesity; however, in the case of the NWO and MONW phenotypes, the metabolic disturbances are present despite BMI being within the normal range. On the other hand, MHO subjects with elevated BMI values do not present metabolic abnormalities. The MUO phenotype involves both a high BMI value and an abnormal metabolic profile. In this regard, attention has been focused on the variety of molecules produced by AT and their role in the development of obesity. Nesfatin-1, neuregulin 4, myonectin, irisin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) all seem to have protective effects against obesity. The primary mechanism underlying the action of nesfatin-1 involves an increase in insulin sensitivity and reduced food intake. Neuregulin 4 sup-presses lipogenesis, decreases lipid accumulation, and reduces chronic low-grade inflammation. Myonectin lowers the amount of fatty acids in the bloodstream by increasing their absorption in the liver and AT. Irisin stimulates the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and consequently in-creases energy expenditure, additionally regulating glucose metabolism. Another molecule, BDNF, has anorexigenic effects. Decorin protects against the development of hyperglycemia, but may also contribute to proinflammatory processes. Similar effects are shown in the case of visfatin and chemerin, which may predispose to obesity. Visfatin increases adipogenesis, causes cholesterol accumulation in macrophages, and contributes to the development of glucose intolerance. Chemerin induces angiogenesis, which promotes the expansion of AT. This review aims to discuss the role of adipokines and myokines in the pathogenesis of the different obesity phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pelczyńska
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland; (E.M.-K.); (P.B.)
| | - Ewa Miller-Kasprzak
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland; (E.M.-K.); (P.B.)
| | - Marcin Piątkowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Roksana Mazurek
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mateusz Klause
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Suchecka
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bucoń
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland; (E.M.-K.); (P.B.)
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Bagon BB, Lee J, Matienzo ME, Lim S, Park JI, Kang S, Kim K, Lee CM, Moon C, Kim DI, Park MJ. AAV-mediated skeletal muscle specific irisin expression does not contribute to weight loss in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:111-117. [PMID: 37806248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic disease, significantly increases the risk of various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Exercise is crucial for weight management not only through energy expenditure by muscle activity but also through stimulating the secretion of myokines, which affect various tissues. Irisin, derived from the proteolytic processing of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (Fndc5), is a well-studied myokine with beneficial effects on metabolism. This study explored the feasibility of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated Fndc5 gene therapy to treat obesity in a mouse model using the AAV-DIO system to express Fndc5 specifically in skeletal muscle, and investigated its anti-obesity effect. Although Fndc5 was specifically expressed in the muscle, no significant impact on body weight under normal chow or high-fat diets was observed, and no change in thermogenic gene expression in inguinal white adipose tissue was detected. Notably, Fndc5 transduction did affect bone metabolism, consistent with previous reports. These findings suggest that AAV-mediated Fndc5 gene therapy may not be an efficient strategy for obesity, contrary to our expectations. Further research is needed to elucidate the complex mechanisms involved in irisin's role in obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette B Bagon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Junhyeong Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Merc Emil Matienzo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Sangyi Lim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju, 61751, South Korea
| | - Sohi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Keon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Min-Jung Park
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
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Wan J, Zhu J, Zeng J, Zhou H, He Y. Effect of Galactooligosaccharide on PPARs/PI3K/Akt Pathway and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat and High-Sugar Diet Combined with STZ-Induced GDM Rat Model. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10186-z. [PMID: 37953344 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder, characterized by underlying glucose intolerance, diabetes onset or first diagnosis during pregnancy. Galactooligosaccharide (GOS) is essential for consumer protection as food supplementation. However, there is limited understanding of the effects of GOS on GDM. We successfully established a GDM rat model to explore GOS whether participated in PPARs/PI3K/Akt pathway and gut microbiota metabolites to treat for GDM. In this study, compared with the GDM group, GOS administration lowered the levels of TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C in rat serum, as well as improved the pathological changes pancreatic, liver, and kidney tissues. Compared with the GDM group, the protein expressions of PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ markedly enhanced in GOS-treated groups (P < 0.01). Moreover, GOS administration upregulated the protein expressions of PPARα, PPARβ, PPARγ, PI3K, Akt, GLUT4, Bax, and Bcl2. GOS administration altered gut microbiota metabolites, including both SCFAs and BAs. Correlation analysis revealed close relationships between gut microbiota and experimental indicators. This study indicated that GOS effectively improved GDM in rats through the modulation of PPARs/PI3K/Akt pathway and gut microbiota. Thus, the GOS could be recommended as a candidate for novel therapy of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Wan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieqiong Zeng
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Hou Q, Song R, Zhao X, Yang C, Feng Y. Lower circulating irisin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic complications: A meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21859. [PMID: 38027674 PMCID: PMC10658327 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to provide evidence of the differences in circulating irisin levels between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without chronic complications. Methods We performed a meta-analysis to compare circulating irisin levels between different groups. Literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, WanFang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from inception through December 2022. Random effects model and standard mean difference (SMD) was used to calculate the pooled outcomes with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Results Forty-two studies that matched the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Circulating irisin levels were significantly lower in T2DM patients with chronic complications than those in T2DM patients without chronic complications (SMD: -1.43; 95 % CI: -1.76 to -1.09; p < 0.00001) and healthy control group (SMD: -2.40; 95 % CI: -3.02 to -1.77; p < 0.00001). Moreover, irisin levels further decrease with the aggravation of complications in T2DM patients with diabetic nephropathy or diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion Compared with T2DM patients without chronic complications, T2DM patients with chronic complications had lower circulating irisin levels. In addition, irisin levels were negatively correlated with the severity of chronic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, Dezhou, 253000, China
| | - Rongjing Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xuecheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Changqing Yang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yufei Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
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Chang YR, Cheng WC, Hsiao YC, Su GW, Lin SJ, Wei YS, Chou HC, Lin HP, Lin GY, Chan HL. Links between oral microbiome and insulin resistance: Involvement of MAP kinase signaling pathway. Biochimie 2023; 214:134-144. [PMID: 37442534 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Oral dysbiosis contributes to periodontitis and has implications for systemic diseases. Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose regulation. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a vital role in regulating glucose uptake and glycogenesis in the liver. This study aimed to investigate the association between periodontal bacteria and diabetes mellitus. A clinical trial was conducted to explore the association between oral bacteria and hyperglycemia. Additionally, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms by which periodontal bacteria cause insulin resistance. In the clinical trial, we discovered significant alterations in the expression levels of Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf) in patients with diabetes compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, Fn and Tf levels positively correlated with fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels. Moreover, we explored and elucidated the molecular mechanism by which Fusobacterium nucleatum culture filtrate (FNCF) induces cytokine release via the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling pathway in human gingival epithelial Smulow-Glickman (S-G) cells. This study investigated the effects of cytokines on insulin resistance pathways in liver cells. The use of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor (U0126) demonstrated that FNCF regulates the insulin receptor substrate 1 and protein kinase B (IRS1/AKT) signaling pathway, which affects key proteins involved in hepatic glycogen synthesis, including glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) and glycogen synthase (GS), ultimately leading to insulin resistance. These findings suggest that ERK plays a crucial role in hepatocyte insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Chang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; General Biologicals Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Cheng
- SDGs Teaching and Research Headquarters, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chun Hsiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Wei Su
- Dental Department of Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Jen Lin
- Dental Department of Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Wei
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chou
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Guan-Yu Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Liang M, Zhan W, Wang L, Bei W, Wang W. Ginsenoside Rb1 Promotes Hepatic Glycogen Synthesis to Ameliorate T2DM Through 15-PGDH/PGE 2/EP4 Signaling Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3223-3234. [PMID: 37867629 PMCID: PMC10590136 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s431423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), one of the crucial bioactive constituents in Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., possesses anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) property. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism, particularly the impact of Rb1 on hepatic glycogen production, a crucial process in the advancement of T2DM, remains poorly understood. 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is responsible for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inactivation. A recent study has reported that inhibition of 15-PGDH promoted hepatic glycogen synthesis and improved T2DM. Therefore, herein, we aimed to investigate whether Rb1 ameliorated T2DM through 15-PGDH/PGE2-regulated hepatic glycogen synthesis. Methods By combining streptozotocin with a high-fat diet, we successfully established a mouse model for T2DM. Afterward, these mice were administered Rb1 or metformin for 8 weeks. An insulin-resistant cell model was established by incubating LO2 cells with palmitic acid. Liver glycogen and PGE2 levels, the expression levels of 15-PGDH, serine/threonine kinase AKT (AKT), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) were measured. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding affinity between 15-PGDH and Rb1. Results Rb1 administration increased the phosphorylation levels of AKT and GSK3β to enhance glycogen synthesis in the liver of T2DM mice. Molecular docking indicated that Rb1 had a high affinity for 15-PGDH. Moreover, Rb1 treatment resulted in the suppression of elevated 15-PGDH levels and the elevation of decreased PGE2 levels in the liver of T2DM mice. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that Rb1 administration might enhance glycogen production by modulating the 15-PGDH/PGE2/PGE2 receptor EP4 pathway. Conclusion Our findings indicate that Rb1 may enhance liver glycogen production through a 15-PGDH-dependent pathway to ameliorate T2DM, thereby offering a new explanation for the positive impact of Rb1 on T2DM and supporting its potential as an effective therapeutic approach for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Liang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Zhao L, Gao H, Zhai J, Song Y. Potential role of irisin in digestive system diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115347. [PMID: 37625325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive system diseases (DSD) are very complex conditions that severely threaten human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new pharmacological treatment strategies. Irisin, a myokine discovered in 2012, is produced by fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), which is a transmembrane protein. Irisin is involved in promoting the browning of white adipose tissue, the regulation of energy metabolism, and the improvement of insulin resistance. Irisin is also an essential mediator of the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. Recent studies have proved that irisin concentration is altered in DSD and exerts pivotal effects on the initiation, progression, and prognosis of these diseases through various mechanisms. Therefore, studying the expression and function of irisin may have great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of DSD. Here, we focus on irisin and explore the multiple molecular pathways targeted by irisin therapy. This review indicates that irisin can serve as a diagnostic marker or potential therapeutic agent for DSD. DATA AVAILABILITY: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Linxian Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinghui Zhai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanqing Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Lequn Branch, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Moon DO. A comprehensive review of the effects of resveratrol on glucose metabolism: unveiling the molecular pathways and therapeutic potential in diabetes management. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8743-8755. [PMID: 37642760 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound predominantly found in red wine and grapes, has garnered attention for its potential role in regulating carbohydrate digestion, glucose absorption, and metabolism. This review aims to deliver a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of resveratrol in influencing vital processes in glucose homeostasis. These processes include carbohydrate digestion, glucose absorption, glycogen storage, insulin secretion, glucose metabolism in muscle cells, and triglyceride synthesis in adipocytes.The goal of this review is to offer an in-depth understanding of the multifaceted effects of resveratrol on glucose metabolism. By doing so, it presents valuable insights into its potential applications for preventing and treating metabolic disorders. This comprehensive examination of resveratrol's impact on glucose management will contribute to the growing body of knowledge on this promising natural compound, which may benefit researchers, healthcare professionals, and individuals interested in metabolic disorder prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, 201, Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si, 38453, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Hekim MG, Kelestemur MM, Bulmus FG, Bilgin B, Bulut F, Gokdere E, Ozdede MR, Kelestimur H, Canpolat S, Ozcan M. Asprosin, a novel glucogenic adipokine: a potential therapeutic implication in diabetes mellitus. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1038-1044. [PMID: 33663304 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1894178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effects of asprosin on diabetes with a focus on serum glucose, irisin, ghrelin, leptin levels and hepatic levels of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL). METHODS Asprosin (10 µg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally four times at 3-day intervals and then blood and hepatic parameters above mentioned were investigated in control and diabetic mice. RESULTS The administration of asprosin increased blood glucose level in healthy animals (p = .05) whereas it did not change blood glucose level in diabetic animals. In addition, while asprosin decreased irisin level and increased ghrelin level, it did not change leptin level in diabetic mice. Therewithal, asprosin decreased the increasing levels in hepatic TG, cholesterol, and LDL in diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings implicate that asprosin may be a target molecule in preventing the development and complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Funda Gulcu Bulmus
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Bilgin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ferah Bulut
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ebru Gokdere
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Haluk Kelestimur
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sinan Canpolat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mete Ozcan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Lai W, Luo D, Li Y, Li Y, Wang Q, Hu Z, Ye Z, Peng H. Irisin ameliorates diabetic kidney disease by restoring autophagy in podocytes. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23175. [PMID: 37742293 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300420r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have highlighted the importance of moderate exercise. While it can attenuate diabetic kidney disease, its mechanism has remained unclear. The level of myokine irisin in plasma increases during exercise. We found that irisin was decreased in diabetic patients and was closely related to renal function, proteinuria, and podocyte autophagy injury. Muscle-specific overexpression of PGC-1α (mPGC-1α) in a mouse model is known to increase plasma irisin levels. The mPGC-1α mice were crossed with db/m mice to obtain db/db mPGC-1α+ mice in the present study. Compared to db/db mice without mPGC-1α, plasma irisin was increased, and albuminuria and glomerular pathological damage were both alleviated in db/db mPGC-1α+ mice. Impaired autophagy in podocytes was restored as well. Irisin inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in cultured human podocytes and improved damaged autophagy induced by high glucose levels. Then, db/db mice were treated with recombinant irisin, which had similar beneficial effects on the kidney as those in db/db mPGC-1α+ mice, with alleviated glomerular injury and albuminuria. Moreover, the autophagy in podocytes was also significantly restored. These results suggest that irisin secreted by skeletal muscles protects the kidney from diabetes mellitus damage. It also restores autophagy in podocytes by inhibiting the abnormal activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Thus, irisin may become a new drug for the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Lai
- Nephrology Division, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Nephrology Division, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Li
- Nephrology Division, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqing Li
- Nephrology Division, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Nephrology Division, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zengchun Ye
- Nephrology Division, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Nephrology Division, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Guo H, Wu H, Hou Y, Hu P, Du J, Cao L, Yang R, Dong X, Li Z. Oat β-D-glucan ameliorates type II diabetes through TLR4/PI3K/AKT mediated metabolic axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126039. [PMID: 37516222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the major global public health problems. Our previous results found that oat β-D-glucan exhibited ameliorative effects on diabetic mice, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. The present study indicates that oat β-D-glucan increased glycogen content, decreased glycogen synthase (GS) phosphorylation and increased hepatic glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation for glycogen synthesis via PI3K/AKT/GSK3-mediated GS activation. Moreover, oat β-D-glucan inhibited gluconeogenesis through the PI3K/AKT/Foxo1-mediated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) decrease. In addition, oat β-D-glucan enhanced glucose catabolism through elevated protein levels of COQ9, UQCRC2, COXIV and ATP5F complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, as well as that of TFAM, a key regulator of mitochondrial gene expression. Importantly, our results showed that oat β-D-glucan maintained hepatic glucose balance via TLR4-mediated intracellular signal. After TLR4 blocking with anti-TLR4 antibody, oat β-D-glucan had almost no effect on high glucose-induced HepG2 cells. These data revealed that oat β-D-glucan maintains glucose balance by regulating the TLR4/PI3K/AKT signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Guo
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030002, China; Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Haili Wu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - YanBing Hou
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Pengli Hu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Jine Du
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Lijia Cao
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Ruipeng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Xiushan Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030002, China.
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He C, Wang K, Xia J, Qian D, Guo J, Zhong L, Tang D, Chen X, Peng W, Chen Y, Tang Y. Natural exosomes-like nanoparticles in mung bean sprouts possesses anti-diabetic effects via activation of PI3K/Akt/GLUT4/GSK-3β signaling pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:349. [PMID: 37759297 PMCID: PMC10536756 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02120-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Mung bean sprouts are traditionally considered a "folk" hypoglycemic food and their pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of the exosomes-like nanoparticles in mung bean sprouts (MELNs) and explore the related molecular mechanisms. RESULTS MELNs were isolated using a differential centrifugation-polyethylene glycol (PEG) method, and the identification of MELNs were confirmed by PAGE gel electrophoresis, agarose gel electrophoresis, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) mouse model, MELNs ameliorated the progression of T2DM by increasing oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) results, decreasing the fasting blood glucose level, and reducing the serum triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Histopathological examinations indicated MELNs diminished inflammatory infiltration of hepatocytes and amplified the area of islet B cells. In addition, MELNs decreased the oxidative stress levels in liver tissue and had good biocompatibility. In vitro experiments verified that MELNs improved the viability of glucosamine (GlcN) induced insulin-resistant hepatocytes. Furthermore, this study also revealed that MELNs upregulated GLUT4 & Nrf2 and down-regulated GSK-3β via activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, promoting the production of antioxidant enzymes, such as HO-1 and SOD, to reduce oxidative stress. CONCLUSION MELNs mitigated the progression of type 2 diabetes in HFD/STZ mouse model. The underlying molecular mechanism is related to PI3K/Akt/GLUT4/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxun He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation, CDUTCM-KEELE Joint Health and Medical Sciences Institute, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation, CDUTCM-KEELE Joint Health and Medical Sciences Institute, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Die Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation, CDUTCM-KEELE Joint Health and Medical Sciences Institute, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation, CDUTCM-KEELE Joint Health and Medical Sciences Institute, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation, CDUTCM-KEELE Joint Health and Medical Sciences Institute, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Dandan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation, CDUTCM-KEELE Joint Health and Medical Sciences Institute, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation, CDUTCM-KEELE Joint Health and Medical Sciences Institute, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yunhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation, CDUTCM-KEELE Joint Health and Medical Sciences Institute, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation, CDUTCM-KEELE Joint Health and Medical Sciences Institute, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Pięta A, Frączek B, Wiecek M, Mazur-Kurach P. Impact of Paleo Diet on Body Composition, Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism of Professional Handball Players. Nutrients 2023; 15:4155. [PMID: 37836439 PMCID: PMC10574054 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Paleo diet (PD) involves a restriction of carbohydrates and increased fat content (35% energy from carbohydrates, 35% energy from fats and 30% energy from protein). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the PD on body composition, concentration of carbohydrates and lipids, as well as insulin, irisin, adiponectin and leptin in the blood. A total of 25 handball players were assigned to two groups: 14 in the experimental group (PD) and 11 in the control group (CD), using a PD and a rational diet, respectively. Analysis of body mass and body composition (body mass index, fat mass, lean body mass, fat-free mass, muscle mass, bone mineral content and bone mineral density), as well as blood concentration of metabolism markers (glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, irisin, adiponectin and leptin), were determined at the beginning and after 4 and 8 weeks of nutritional intervention. Body mass was lower (p < 0.01), and adiponectin blood concentration was higher (p = 0.03) in the PD group at the end of the intervention. There were no changes (p ≥ 0.05) in body composition and blood levels of other biochemical markers in either group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pięta
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University School of Physical Education in Krakow, Jana Pawla II 78, 31-571 Krakow, Poland; (B.F.); (P.M.-K.)
| | - Barbara Frączek
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University School of Physical Education in Krakow, Jana Pawla II 78, 31-571 Krakow, Poland; (B.F.); (P.M.-K.)
| | - Magdalena Wiecek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University School of Physical Education in Krakow, Jana Pawla II 78, 31-571 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Paulina Mazur-Kurach
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University School of Physical Education in Krakow, Jana Pawla II 78, 31-571 Krakow, Poland; (B.F.); (P.M.-K.)
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Wang X, Long D, Hu X, Guo N. Gentiopicroside modulates glucose homeostasis in high-fat-diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1172360. [PMID: 37601073 PMCID: PMC10438990 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1172360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis is closely related to the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Gentiopicroside (GPS) is the main active secoiridoid glycoside in Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa, which can improve chronic complications associated with diabetes and regulate glucose metabolism. However, the effects and potential mechanisms by which GPS affects T2DM understudied and poorly understood. In this study, we systematically explored the pharmacological effects of GPS on T2DM induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) as well as explored its related mechanisms. The results showed that GPS supplementation discernibly decreased blood glucose levels, food intake and water consumption, ameliorated glucose intolerance, abnormal pyruvate tolerance, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, GPS discernibly ameliorated pathological morphological abnormalities of the liver and pancreas, reduced hepatic steatosis and maintain the balance between α-cells and β-cells in pancreas. Moreover, GPS significantly inhibited gluconeogenesis, as evidenced by the suppressed protein expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) in the liver. Additionally, the results of Western blot analysis revealed that GPS increased p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-FOXO1 expression levels, and decreased FOXO1 expression at protein level in the liver. Furthermore, the results of the immunostaining and Western blot analysis demonstrated that GPS supplementation increased the expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin in the ileum. Collectively, these results indicate that GPS may inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis by regulating the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway and maintain intestinal barrier integrity, and ultimately improve T2DM. Together, these findings indicate that GPS is a potential candidate drug for the prevention and treatment of T2DM, and the results of our study will provide experimental basis for further exploration of the possibility of GPS as a therapeutic agent for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Dongmei Long
- Nanchong Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention, Control and Detection in Livestock and Poultry, Nanchong Vocational and Technical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xianghong Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Nan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Fan S, Yuan P, Li S, Li H, Zhai B, Li Y, Zhang H, Gu J, Li H, Tian Y, Kang X, Zhang Y, Li G. Genetic architecture and key regulatory genes of fatty acid composition in Gushi chicken breast muscle determined by GWAS and WGCNA. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:434. [PMID: 37537524 PMCID: PMC10398928 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids composition in poultry muscle is directly related to its tenderness, flavour, and juiciness, whereas its genetic mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, the genetic structure and key regulatory genes of the breast muscle fatty acid composition of local Chinese chicken, Gushi-Anka F2 resource population by integrating genome-wide association study (GWAS) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) strategies. GWAS was performed based on 323,306 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained by genotyping by sequencing (GBS) method and 721 chickens from the Gushi-Anka F2 resource population with highly variable fatty acid composition traits in the breast muscle. And then, according to the transcriptome data of the candidate genes that were obtained and phenotypic data of fatty acid composition traits in breast muscle of Gushi chickens at 14, 22, and 30 weeks of age, we conducted a WGCNA. RESULTS A total of 128 suggestive significantly associated SNPs for 11 fatty acid composition traits were identified and mapped on chromosomes (Chr) 2, 3, 4, 5, 13, 17, 21, and 27. Of these, the two most significant SNPs were Chr13:5,100,140 (P = 4.56423e-10) and Chr13:5,100,173 (P = 4.56423e-10), which explained 5.6% of the phenotypic variation in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In addition, six fatty acid composition traits, including C20:1, C22:6, saturated fatty acid (SFA), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), PUFA, and average chain length (ACL), were located in the same QTL intervals on Chr13. We obtained 505 genes by scanning the linkage disequilibrium (LD) regions of all significant SNPs and performed a WGCNA based on the transcriptome data of the above 505 genes. Combining two strategies, 9 hub genes (ENO1, ADH1, ASAH1, ADH1C, PIK3CD, WISP1, AKT1, PANK3, and C1QTNF2) were finally identified, which could be the potential candidate genes regulating fatty acid composition traits in chicken breast muscle. CONCLUSION The results of this study deepen our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the regulation of fatty acid composition traits, which is helpful in the design of breeding strategies for the subsequent improvement of fatty acid composition in poultry muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxin Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Pengtao Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shuaihao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongtai Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Bin Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, HeiLongJiang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jinxin Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Guoxi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Henan Agricultural University, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Balakumar P, Venkatesan K, Abdulla Khan N, Raghavendra NM, Venugopal V, Bharathi DR, Fuloria NK. Mechanistic insights into the beneficial effects of curcumin on insulin resistance: opportunities and challenges. Drug Discov Today 2023:103627. [PMID: 37224995 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The past couple of decades in particular have seen a rapid increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a debilitating metabolic disorder characterised by insulin resistance. The insufficient efficacy of current management strategies for insulin resistance calls for additional therapeutic options. The preponderance of evidence suggests potential beneficial effects of curcumin on insulin resistance, while modern science provides a scientific basis for its potential applications against the disease. Curcumin combats insulin resistance by increasing the levels of circulating irisin and adiponectin, activating PPARγ, suppressing Notch1 signalling, and regulating SREBP target genes, among others. In this review, we bring together the diverse areas pertaining to our current understanding of the potential benefits of curcumin on insulin resistance, associated mechanistic insights, and new therapeutic possibilities. Teaser: Current approaches to manage insulin resistance are not highly efficacious, which necessitates additional therapeutic options; curcumin combats insulin resistance by improving the levels of circulating irisin and adiponectin, upregulating and activating PPARγ, and suppressing Notch‑1 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Balakumar
- The Office of Research and Development, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology, Vallam, Thanjavur 613 403, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kumar Venkatesan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Al-Qara, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noohu Abdulla Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Al-Qara, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - N M Raghavendra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru 560 111, India
| | - Vijayan Venugopal
- School of Pharmacy, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth Deemed-to-be University, Puducherry 607 402, India
| | - D R Bharathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B G Nagara, Nagamangala 571 448, India
| | - Neeraj K Fuloria
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100 Bedong, Malaysia
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Guo H, Wu H, Li Z. The Pathogenesis of Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086978. [PMID: 37108143 PMCID: PMC10139109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder, with an extremely serious effect on health systems worldwide. It has become a severe, chronic, non-communicable disease after cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Currently, 90% of diabetic patients suffer from type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia is the main hallmark of diabetes. The function of pancreatic cells gradually declines before the onset of clinical hyperglycemia. Understanding the molecular processes involved in the development of diabetes can provide clinical care with much-needed updates. This review provides the current global state of diabetes, the mechanisms involved in glucose homeostasis and diabetic insulin resistance, and the long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Guo
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Haili Wu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Chen N, Cao R, Zhang Z, Zhou S, Hu S. Sleeve Gastrectomy Improves Hepatic Glucose Metabolism by Downregulating FBXO2 and Activating the PI3K-AKT Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5544. [PMID: 36982617 PMCID: PMC10052132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a chronic metabolic disease, is a public health concern that seriously endangers human health. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) can relieve T2DM by improving glucose homeostasis and enhancing insulin sensitivity. However, its specific underlying mechanism remains elusive. SG and sham surgery were performed on mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Lipid metabolism was evaluated via histology and serum lipid analysis. Glucose metabolism was evaluated using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT). Compared with the sham group, the SG group displayed a reduction in liver lipid accumulation and glucose intolerance, and western blot analysis revealed that the AMPK and PI3K-AKT pathways were activated. Furthermore, transcription and translation levels of FBXO2 were reduced after SG. After liver-specific overexpression of FBXO2, the improvement in glucose metabolism observed following SG was blunted; however, the remission of fatty liver was not influenced by the over expression of FBXO2. Our study explores the mechanism of SG in relieving T2DM, indicating that FBXO2 is a noninvasive therapeutic target that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyuan Chen
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ruican Cao
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Sai Zhou
- Graduate Faculty, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Sanyuan Hu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Roy JR, Janaki CS, Jayaraman S, Veeraraghavan VP, Periyasamy V, Balaji T, Vijayamalathi M, Bhuvaneswari P, Swetha P. Hypoglycemic Potential of Carica papaya in Liver Is Mediated through IRS-2/PI3K/SREBP-1c/GLUT2 Signaling in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Type-2 Diabetic Male Rats. TOXICS 2023; 11:240. [PMID: 36977005 PMCID: PMC10054599 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of socioeconomic or demographic background, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which affects more than half a billion people worldwide, has been steadily increasing over time. The health, emotional, sociological, and economic well-being of people would suffer if this number is not successfully handled. The liver is one of the key organs accountable for sustaining metabolic balance. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species inhibit the recruitment and activation of IRS-1, IRS-2, and PI3K-Akt downstream signaling cascade. These signaling mechanisms reduce hepatic glucose absorption and glycogenesis while increasing hepatic glucose output and glycogenolysis. In our work, an analysis of the molecular mechanism of Carica papaya in mitigating hepatic insulin resistance in vivo and in silico was carried out. The gluconeogenic enzymes, glycolytic enzymes, hepatic glycogen tissue concentration, oxidative stress markers, enzymatic antioxidants, protein expression of IRS-2, PI3K, SREBP-1C, and GLUT-2 were evaluated in the liver tissues of high-fat-diet streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats using q-RT-PCR as well as immunohistochemistry and histopathology. Upon treatment, C. papaya restored the protein and gene expression in the liver. In the docking analysis, quercetin, kaempferol, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid present in the extract were found to have high binding affinities against IRS-2, PI3K, SREBP-1c, and GLUT-2, which may have contributed much to the antidiabetic property of C. papaya. Thus, C. papaya was capable of restoring the altered levels in the hepatic tissues of T2DM rats, reversing hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeane Rebecca Roy
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Coimbatore Sadagopan Janaki
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Periyasamy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College, Trichy 620 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thotakura Balaji
- Department of Anatomy, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhavan Vijayamalathi
- Department of Physiology, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnusamy Bhuvaneswari
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Panneerselvam Swetha
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhao M, Lu M, Zeng Y, He S, Feng Y, Yang S, Jang W. Taraxasterol Inhibits Hepatic Gluconeogenesis and Increases Glycogen Synthesis via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Nat Prod Commun 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x231154068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Taraxasterol (TS) is the main active compound of Taraxacum, which plays a significant role in the treatment of diabetes in many classic prescriptions. However, the mechanisms of TS in the treatment of diabetes remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of TS in hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis in HepG2 cells with insulin resistance (IR). Methods: Molecular docking was conducted by using Discovery Studio (DS) to predict the target of TS in the treatment of diabetes. Then we treated HepG2 cells with glucosamine for 18 h. After the cells were treated with TS, the glucose consumption was examined. Oil red O staining was used to detect the lipid accumulation of HepG2 cells, and cellular glucose uptake levels were assessed using fluorescent 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino)-2-deoxy-D-glucose. The expression of the related proteins of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the HepG2 cells was evaluated by western blot assay. Results: The molecular docking analysis revealed a good binding pose between the insulin receptor and TS. Furthermore, TS administration significantly enhanced glucose uptake and consumption, and reduced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells with IR. The results of pharmacological mechanism study showed that TS up-regulated glycogenesis by PI3K/Akt/GSK3-motivated GS activation, and down-regulated gluconeogenesis by PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 expression of PEPCK and G6Pase in HepG2 cells with IR. Conclusions: Molecular docking and in vitro experimental results indicate that TS suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis and augments glycogen synthesis by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and it may have similar effects as insulin in regulating blood glucose.
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Wang T, Yu M, Li H, Qin S, Ren W, Ma Y, Bo W, Xi Y, Cai M, Tian Z. FNDC5/Irisin Inhibits the Inflammatory Response and Mediates the Aerobic Exercise-Induced Improvement of Liver Injury after Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044159. [PMID: 36835571 PMCID: PMC9962088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) causes peripheral organ injury, in addition to cardiac dysfunction, including in the liver, which is known as cardiac hepatopathy. Aerobic exercise (AE) can effectively improve liver injury, although the mechanism and targets are currently not well established. Irisin, mainly produced by cleavage of the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), is a responsible for the beneficial effects of exercise training. In this study, we detected the effect of AE on MI-induced liver injury and explored the role of irisin alongside the benefits of AE. Wildtype and Fndc5 knockout mice were used to establish an MI model and subjected to AE intervention. Primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), rhirisin, and a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. The results showed that AE significantly promoted M2 polarization of macrophages and improved MI-induced inflammation, upregulated endogenous irisin protein expression and activated the PI3K/ protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway in the liver of MI mice, while knockout of Fndc5 attenuated the beneficial effects of AE. Exogenous rhirisin significantly inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory response, which was attenuated by the PI3K inhibitor. These results suggest that AE could effectively activate the FNDC5/irisin-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, promote the polarization of M2 macrophages, and inhibit the inflammatory response of the liver after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Mengyuan Yu
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Hangzhuo Li
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Shuguang Qin
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Wujing Ren
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Wenyan Bo
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Mengxin Cai
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (Z.T.)
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