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Kim S, Bhandari R, Brearley CA, Saiardi A. The inositol phosphate signalling network in physiology and disease. Trends Biochem Sci 2024:S0968-0004(24)00192-0. [PMID: 39317578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Combinatorial substitution of phosphate groups on the inositol ring gives rise to a plethora of inositol phosphates (InsPs) and inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs). These small molecules constitute an elaborate metabolic and signalling network that influences nearly every cellular function. This review delves into the knowledge accumulated over the past decades regarding the biochemical principles and significance of InsP metabolism. We focus on the biological actions of InsPs in mammals, with an emphasis on recent findings regarding specific target proteins. We further discuss the roles of InsP metabolism in contributing to physiological homeostasis and pathological conditions. A deeper understanding of InsPs and their metabolic pathways holds the potential to address unresolved questions and propel advances towards therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Stem Cell Center, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Rashna Bhandari
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Inner Ring Road, Uppal, Hyderabad 500039, India.
| | - Charles A Brearley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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2
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Desmarini D, Liu G, Jessen H, Bowring B, Connolly A, Crossett B, Djordjevic JT. Arg1 from Cryptococcus neoformans lacks PI3 kinase activity and conveys virulence roles via its IP 3-4 kinase activity. mBio 2024; 15:e0060824. [PMID: 38742909 PMCID: PMC11237472 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00608-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Inositol tris/tetrakis phosphate kinases (IP3-4K) in the human fungal priority pathogens, Cryptococcus neoformans (CnArg1) and Candida albicans (CaIpk2), convey numerous virulence functions, yet it is not known whether the IP3-4K catalytic activity or a scaffolding role is responsible. We therefore generated a C. neoformans strain with a non-functional kinase, referred to as the dead-kinase (dk) CnArg1 strain (dkArg1). We verified that, although dkARG1 cDNA cloned from this strain produced a protein with the expected molecular weight, dkArg1 was catalytically inactive with no IP3-4K activity. Using recombinant CnArg1 and CaIpk2, we confirmed that, unlike the IP3-4K homologs in humans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, CnArg1 and CaIpk2 do not phosphorylate the lipid-based substrate, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, and therefore do not function as class I PI3Ks. Inositol polyphosphate profiling using capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry revealed that IP3 conversion is blocked in the dkArg1 and ARG1 deletion (Cnarg1Δ) strains and that 1-IP7 and a recently discovered isomer (4/6-IP7) are made by wild-type C. neoformans. Importantly, the dkArg1 and Cnarg1Δ strains had similar virulence defects, including suppressed growth at 37°C, melanization, capsule production, and phosphate starvation response, and were avirulent in an insect model, confirming that virulence is dependent on IP3-4K catalytic activity. Our data also implicate the dkArg1 scaffold in transcriptional regulation of arginine metabolism but via a different mechanism to S. cerevisiae since CnArg1 is dispensable for growth on different nitrogen sources. IP3-4K catalytic activity therefore plays a dominant role in fungal virulence, and IPK pathway function has diverged in fungal pathogens.IMPORTANCEThe World Health Organization has emphasized the urgent need for global action in tackling the high morbidity and mortality rates stemming from invasive fungal infections, which are exacerbated by the limited variety and compromised effectiveness of available drug classes. Fungal IP3-4K is a promising target for new therapy, as it is critical for promoting virulence of the human fungal priority pathogens, Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans, and impacts numerous functions, including cell wall integrity. This contrasts to current therapies, which only target a single function. IP3-4K enzymes exert their effect through their inositol polyphosphate products or via the protein scaffold. Here, we confirm that the IP3-4K catalytic activity of CnArg1 promotes all virulence traits in C. neoformans that are attenuated by ARG1 deletion, reinforcing our ongoing efforts to find inositol polyphosphate effector proteins and to create inhibitors targeting the IP3-4K catalytic site, as a new antifungal drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmarini Desmarini
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Guizhen Liu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Henning Jessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bethany Bowring
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angela Connolly
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ben Crossett
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julianne Teresa Djordjevic
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
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3
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Zhou Y, Chapagain P, Desmarini D, Uredi D, Rameh LE, Djordjevic JT, Blind RD, Wang X. Design, synthesis and cellular characterization of a new class of IPMK kinase inhibitors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593371. [PMID: 38798512 PMCID: PMC11118372 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Many genetic studies have established the kinase activity of inositol phosphate multikinase (IPMK) is required for the synthesis of higher-order inositol phosphate signaling molecules, the regulation of gene expression and control of the cell cycle. These genetic studies await orthogonal validation by specific IPMK inhibitors, but no such inhibitors have been synthesized. Here, we report complete chemical synthesis, cellular characterization, structure-activity relationships and rodent pharmacokinetics of a novel series of highly potent IPMK inhibitors. The first-generation compound 1 (UNC7437) decreased cellular proliferation and tritiated inositol phosphate levels in metabolically labeled human U251-MG glioblastoma cells. Compound 1 also regulated the transcriptome of these cells, selectively regulating genes that are enriched in cancer, inflammatory and viral infection pathways. Further optimization of compound 1 eventually led to compound 15 (UNC9750), which showed improved potency and pharmacokinetics in rodents. Compound 15 specifically inhibited cellular accumulation of InsP 5 , a direct product of IPMK kinase activity, while having no effect on InsP 6 levels, revealing a novel metabolic signature detected for the first time by rapid chemical attenuation of cellular IPMK activity. These studies designed, optimized and synthesized a new series of IPMK inhibitors, which reduces glioblastoma cell growth, induces a novel InsP 5 metabolic signature, and reveals novel aspects inositol phosphate cellular metabolism and signaling.
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Qi J, Shi L, Zhu L, Chen Y, Zhu H, Cheng W, Chen AF, Fu C. Functions, Mechanisms, and therapeutic applications of the inositol pyrophosphates 5PP-InsP 5 and InsP 8 in mammalian cells. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:197-215. [PMID: 37615888 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble myo-inositol phosphates have long been characterized as second messengers. The signaling properties of these compounds are determined by the number and arrangement of phosphate groups on the myo-inositol backbone. Recently, higher inositol phosphates with pyrophosphate groups were recognized as signaling molecules. 5-Diphosphoinositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate (5PP-InsP5) is the most abundant isoform, constituting more than 90% of intracellular inositol pyrophosphates. 5PP-InsP5 can be further phosphorylated to 1,5-bisdiphosphoinositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate (InsP8). These two molecules, 5PP-InsP5 and InsP8, are present in various subcellular compartments, where they participate in regulating diverse cellular processes such as cell death, energy homeostasis, and cytoskeletal dynamics. The synthesis and metabolism of inositol pyrophosphates are subjected to tight regulation, allowing for their highly specific functions. Blocking the 5PP-InsP5/InsP8 signaling pathway by inhibiting the biosynthesis of 5PP-InsP5 demonstrates therapeutic benefits in preclinical studies, and thus holds promise as a therapeutic approach for certain diseases treatment, such as metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Qi
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Linhui Shi
- Department of Critical Care Unit, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Limei Zhu
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weiwei Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Alex F Chen
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Chenglai Fu
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Jung IR, Ahima RS, Kim SF. Time-Restricted Feeding Ameliorates Methionine-Choline Deficient Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1390. [PMID: 38338668 PMCID: PMC10855189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an inflammatory form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), closely associated with disease progression, cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has been shown to decrease body weight and adiposity and improve metabolic outcomes; however, the effect of TRF on NASH has not yet been fully understood. We had previously reported that inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) mediates hepatic insulin signaling. Importantly, we have found that TRF increases hepatic IPMK levels. Therefore, we investigated whether there is a causal link between TRF and IPMK in a mouse model of NASH, i.e., methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCDD)-induced steatohepatitis. Here, we show that TRF alleviated markers of NASH, i.e., reduced hepatic steatosis, liver triglycerides (TG), serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), inflammation, and fibrosis in MCDD mice. Interestingly, MCDD led to a significant reduction in IPMK levels, and the deletion of hepatic IPMK exacerbates the NASH phenotype induced by MCDD, accompanied by increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines. Conversely, TRF restored IPMK levels and significantly reduced gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our results demonstrate that TRF attenuates MCDD-induced NASH via IPMK-mediated changes in hepatic steatosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rexford S. Ahima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | - Sangwon F. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
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Jung IR, Ahima RS, Kim SF. Time-restricted feeding ameliorates MCDD-induced steatohepatitis in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.15.567214. [PMID: 38014152 PMCID: PMC10680721 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.567214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is an inflammatory form of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), closely associated with disease progression, cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has been shown to decrease body weight and adiposity and improve metabolic outcomes, however, the effect of TRF on NASH has not yet been fully understood. We had previously reported that inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) mediates hepatic insulin signaling. Importantly, we have found that TRF increases hepatic IPMK levels. Therefore, we investigated whether there is a causal link between TRF and IPMK in a mouse model of NASH, i.e., methionine and choline deficient diet (MCDD)-induced steatohepatitis. Here, we show that TRF alleviated markers of NASH, i.e., reduced hepatic steatosis, liver triglycerides (TG), serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), inflammation and fibrosis in MCDD mice. Interestingly, MCDD led to a significant reduction in IPMK levels, and the deletion of hepatic IPMK exacerbates the NASH phenotype induced by MCDD, accompanied by increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines. Conversely, TRF restored IPMK levels and significantly reduced gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our results demonstrate that TRF attenuates MCDD-induced NASH via IPMK-mediated changes in hepatic steatosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Rak Jung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rexford S. Ahima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sangwon F. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Tyagi R, Chakraborty S, Tripathi SJ, Jung IR, Kim SF, Snyder SH, Paul BD. Inositol polyphosphate multikinase modulates redox signaling through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and glutathione metabolism. iScience 2023; 26:107199. [PMID: 37456841 PMCID: PMC10345128 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of redox balance plays central roles in a plethora of signaling processes. Although physiological levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are crucial for functioning of certain signaling pathways, excessive production of free radicals and oxidants can damage cell components. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling cascade is the key pathway that mediates cellular response to oxidative stress. It is controlled at multiple levels, which serve to maintain redox homeostasis within cells. We show here that inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) is a modulator of Nrf2 signaling. IPMK binds Nrf2 and attenuates activation and expression of Nrf2 target genes. Furthermore, depletion of IPMK leads to elevated glutathione and cysteine levels, resulting in increased resistance to oxidants. Accordingly, targeting IPMK may restore redox balance under conditions of cysteine and glutathione insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Tyagi
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Suwarna Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sunil Jamuna Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ik-Rak Jung
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sangwon F. Kim
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Solomon H. Snyder
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bindu D. Paul
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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8
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Guan Z, Liang Y, Zhu Z, Yang A, Li S, Wang X, Wang J. Genetic Effects of ITPK1 Polymorphisms on the Risk of Neural Tube Defects: a Population-Based Study. Reprod Sci 2022; 30:1585-1593. [PMID: 36323916 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inositol is closely related to the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs). Inositol 1, 3, 4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase (ITPK1) gene encoded an essential regulatory enzyme ITPK1, which is involved in inositol metabolism and has a critical role in the development of neural tube and axial mesoderm. It had been reported that some polymorphisms of critical genes in inositol pathways, including ITPK1, were associated with NTDs in Chinese pregnant women; however, the association between fetus ITPK1 polymorphisms and NTDs had not been reported. In a high incidence of NTDs region of China, a case-control study was performed to evaluate the association between fetal ITPK1 polymorphisms and NTDs. The ITPK1 polymorphisms were genotyped by iPLEX® Gold assay. Inositol levels in fetus brain tissues were analyzed. Three genetic polymorphisms of fetus ITPK1's, including rs3818175, rs2295394, and rs4586354, were statistically associated with spina bifida (NTD subtypes). A higher risk of spina bifida was associated with genotype GG of rs3818175, genotype CC of rs4586354, and genotype TT of rs2295394 (OR = 2.66, 95% CI [1.17-6.05], P = 0.017; OR = 2.22, 95% CI [1.02-4.80], P = 0.041; and OR = 2.33, 95% CI [1.00-5.48], P = 0.047), when compared with the other wild-type genotypes CC, TT, and CC, respectively. Decreased brain inositol level was found in NTDs fetuses, compared to normal controls. Inositol levels were found to significantly decrease with rs2295394 (CC genotype), rs4586354 (TT genotype), and rs3818175 (GC genotype) (P < 0.05). The polymorphisms of fetus ITPK1 were associated with the incidence of NTDs and might be a genetic risk factor for spina bifida.
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Jung IR, Anokye-Danso F, Jin S, Ahima RS, Kim SF. IPMK modulates hepatic glucose production and insulin signaling. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3421-3432. [PMID: 35822903 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic glucose production (HGP) is crucial for the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis. Although hepatic insulin resistance contributes to excessive glucose production, its mechanism is not well understood. Here, we show that inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), a key enzyme in inositol polyphosphate biosynthesis, plays a role in regulating hepatic insulin signaling and gluconeogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. IPMK-deficient hepatocytes exhibit decreased insulin-induced activation of Akt-FoxO1 signaling. The expression of messenger RNA levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6pc), key enzymes mediating gluconeogenesis, are increased in IPMK-deficient hepatocytes compared to wild type hepatocytes. Importantly, re-expressing IPMK restores insulin sensitivity and alleviates glucose production in IPMK-deficient hepatocytes. Moreover, hepatocyte-specific IPMK deletion exacerbates hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high-fat diet, accompanied by an increase in HGP during pyruvate tolerance test and reduction in Akt phosphorylation in IPMK deficient liver. Our results demonstrate that IPMK mediates insulin signaling and gluconeogenesis and may be potentially targeted for treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Rak Jung
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Frederick Anokye-Danso
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sunghee Jin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sangwon F Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Differentiation and homeostasis of effector Treg cells are regulated by inositol polyphosphates modulating Ca 2+ influx. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121520119. [PMID: 35776543 PMCID: PMC9271192 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121520119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells differentiate into effector Treg (eTreg) cells to maintain peripheral immune homeostasis and tolerance. T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated induction and regulation of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is essential for eTreg cell differentiation and function. However, SOCE regulation in Treg cells remains unclear. Here, we show that inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), which generates inositol tetrakisphosphate and inositol pentakisphosphate, is a pivotal regulator of Treg cell differentiation downstream of TCR signaling. IPMK is highly expressed in TCR-stimulated Treg cells and promotes a TCR-induced Treg cell program. IPMK-deficient Treg cells display aberrant T cell activation and impaired differentiation into RORγt+ Treg cells and tissue-resident Treg cells. Mechanistically, IPMK controls the generation of higher-order inositol phosphates, thereby promoting Ca2+ mobilization and Treg cell effector functions. Our findings identify IPMK as a critical regulator of TCR-mediated Ca2+ influx and highlight the importance of IPMK in Treg cell-mediated immune homeostasis.
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11
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Tu-Sekine B, Kim SF. The Inositol Phosphate System-A Coordinator of Metabolic Adaptability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6747. [PMID: 35743190 PMCID: PMC9223660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells rely on nutrients to supply energy and carbon building blocks to support cellular processes. Over time, eukaryotes have developed increasingly complex systems to integrate information about available nutrients with the internal state of energy stores to activate the necessary processes to meet the immediate and ongoing needs of the cell. One such system is the network of soluble and membrane-associated inositol phosphates that coordinate the cellular responses to nutrient uptake and utilization from growth factor signaling to energy homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the coordinated interactions of the inositol polyphosphates, inositol pyrophosphates, and phosphoinositides in major metabolic signaling pathways to illustrate the central importance of the inositol phosphate signaling network in nutrient responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Tu-Sekine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
| | - Sangwon F. Kim
- Department of Medicine and Neuroscience, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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12
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Kröber T, Bartsch SM, Fiedler D. Pharmacological tools to investigate inositol polyphosphate kinases - Enzymes of increasing therapeutic relevance. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 83:100836. [PMID: 34802993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inositol poly- and pyrophosphates (InsPs and PP-InsPs) are a group of central eukaryotic metabolites and signaling molecules. Due to the diverse cellular functions and widespread diseases InsPs and PP-InsPs are associated with, pharmacological targeting of the kinases involved in their biosynthesis has become a significant research interest in the last decade. In particular, the development of inhibitors for inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) has leaped forward, while other inositol phosphate kinases have received scant attention. This review summarizes the efforts undertaken so far for discovering potent and selective inhibitors for this diverse group of small molecule kinases. The benefits of pharmacological inhibition are highlighted, given the multiple kinase-independent functions of inositol phosphate kinases. The distinct structural families of InsP and PP-InsP kinases are presented, and we discuss how compound availability for different inositol phosphate kinase families varies drastically. Lead compound discovery and optimization for the inositol kinases would benefit from detailed structural information on the ATP-binding sites of these kinases, as well as reliable biochemical and cellular read-outs to monitor inositol phosphate kinase activity in complex settings. Efforts to further tune well-established inhibitors, while simultaneously reviving tool compound development for the more neglected kinases from this family are indisputably worthwhile, considering the large potential therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kröber
- Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Simon M Bartsch
- Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dorothea Fiedler
- Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Coupled protein synthesis and ribosome-guided piRNA processing on mRNAs. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5970. [PMID: 34645830 PMCID: PMC8514520 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PIWI-interacting small RNAs (piRNAs) protect the germline genome and are essential for fertility. piRNAs originate from transposable element (TE) RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, or 3´ untranslated regions (3´UTRs) of protein-coding messenger genes, with the last being the least characterized of the three piRNA classes. Here, we demonstrate that the precursors of 3´UTR piRNAs are full-length mRNAs and that post-termination 80S ribosomes guide piRNA production on 3´UTRs in mice and chickens. At the pachytene stage, when other co-translational RNA surveillance pathways are sequestered, piRNA biogenesis degrades mRNAs right after pioneer rounds of translation and fine-tunes protein production from mRNAs. Although 3´UTR piRNA precursor mRNAs code for distinct proteins in mice and chickens, they all harbor embedded TEs and produce piRNAs that cleave TEs. Altogether, we discover a function of the piRNA pathway in fine-tuning protein production and reveal a conserved piRNA biogenesis mechanism that recognizes translating RNAs in amniotes.
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Lee B, Park SJ, Hong S, Kim K, Kim S. Inositol Polyphosphate Multikinase Signaling: Multifaceted Functions in Health and Disease. Mol Cells 2021; 44:187-194. [PMID: 33935040 PMCID: PMC8112168 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol phosphates are water-soluble intracellular signaling molecules found in eukaryotes from yeasts to mammals, which are synthesized by a complex network of enzymes including inositol phosphate kinases. Among these, inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) is a promiscuous enzyme with broad substrate specificity, which phosphorylates multiple inositol phosphates, as well as phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. In addition to its catalytic actions, IPMK is known to non-catalytically control major signaling events via direct protein-protein interactions. In this review, we describe the general characteristics of IPMK, highlight its pleiotropic roles in various physiological and pathological conditions, and discuss future challenges in the field of IPMK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boah Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seung Ju Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sehoon Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kyunghan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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15
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Inositol phosphates promote HIV-1 assembly and maturation to facilitate viral spread in human CD4+ T cells. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009190. [PMID: 33476323 PMCID: PMC7853515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gag polymerization with viral RNA at the plasma membrane initiates HIV-1 assembly. Assembly processes are inefficient in vitro but are stimulated by inositol (1,3,4,5,6) pentakisphosphate (IP5) and inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) metabolites. Previous studies have shown that depletion of these inositol phosphate species from HEK293T cells reduced HIV-1 particle production but did not alter the infectivity of the resulting progeny virions. Moreover, HIV-1 substitutions bearing Gag/CA mutations ablating IP6 binding are noninfectious with destabilized viral cores. In this study, we analyzed the effects of cellular depletion of IP5 and IP6 on HIV-1 replication in T cells in which we disrupted the genes encoding the kinases required for IP6 generation, IP5 2-kinase (IPPK) and Inositol Polyphosphate Multikinase (IPMK). Knockout (KO) of IPPK from CEM and MT-4 cells depleted cellular IP6 in both T cell lines, and IPMK disruption reduced the levels of both IP5 and IP6. In the KO lines, HIV-1 spread was delayed relative to parental wild-type (WT) cells and was rescued by complementation. Virus release was decreased in all IPPK or IPMK KO lines relative to WT cells. Infected IPMK KO cells exhibited elevated levels of intracellular Gag protein, indicative of impaired particle assembly. IPMK KO compromised virus production to a greater extent than IPPK KO suggesting that IP5 promotes HIV-1 particle assembly in IPPK KO cells. HIV-1 particles released from infected IPPK or IPMK KO cells were less infectious than those from WT cells. These viruses exhibited partially cleaved Gag proteins, decreased virion-associated p24, and higher frequencies of aberrant particles, indicative of a maturation defect. Our data demonstrate that IP6 enhances the quantity and quality of virions produced from T cells, thereby preventing defects in HIV-1 replication.
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16
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Yang ZL, Chen JN, Lu YY, Lu M, Wan QL, Wu GS, Luo HR. Inositol polyphosphate multikinase IPMK-1 regulates development through IP3/calcium signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Calcium 2020; 93:102327. [PMID: 33316585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) is a conserved protein that initiates the production of inositol phosphate intracellular messengers and is critical for regulating a variety of cellular processes. Here, we report that the C. elegans IPMK-1, which is homologous to the mammalian inositol polyphosphate multikinase, plays a crucial role in regulating rhythmic behavior and development. The deletion mutant ipmk-1(tm2687) displays a long defecation cycle period and retarded postembryonic growth. The expression of functional ipmk-1::GFP was detected in the pharyngeal muscles, amphid sheath cells, the intestine, excretory (canal) cells, proximal gonad, and spermatheca. The expression of IPMK-1 in the intestine was sufficient for the wild-type phenotype. The IP3-kinase activity of IPMK-1 is required for defecation rhythms and postembryonic development. The defective phenotypes of ipmk-1(tm2687) could be rescued by a loss-of-function mutation in type I inositol 5-phosphatase homolog (IPP-5) and improved by a supplemental Ca2+ in the medium. Our work demonstrates that IPMK-1 and the signaling molecule inositol triphosphate (IP3) pathway modulate rhythmic behaviors and development by dynamically regulating the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ in C. elegans. Advances in understanding the molecular regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis and regulation of organism development may lead to therapeutic strategies that modulate Ca2+ signaling to enhance function and counteract disease processes. Unraveling the physiological role of IPMK and the underlying functional mechanism in C. elegans would contribute to understanding the role of IPMK in other species, especially in mammals, and benefit further research on the involvement of IPMK in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yu-Yang Lu
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Min Lu
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qin-Li Wan
- The Center for Precision Medicine of First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Gui-Sheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Huai-Rong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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17
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Ucuncu E, Rajamani K, Wilson MSC, Medina-Cano D, Altin N, David P, Barcia G, Lefort N, Banal C, Vasilache-Dangles MT, Pitelet G, Lorino E, Rabasse N, Bieth E, Zaki MS, Topcu M, Sonmez FM, Musaev D, Stanley V, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschké P, Munnich A, Bahi-Buisson N, Fossoud C, Giuliano F, Colleaux L, Burglen L, Gleeson JG, Boddaert N, Saiardi A, Cantagrel V. MINPP1 prevents intracellular accumulation of the chelator inositol hexakisphosphate and is mutated in Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6087. [PMID: 33257696 PMCID: PMC7705663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphates are vital metabolic and secondary messengers, involved in diverse cellular functions. Therefore, tight regulation of inositol polyphosphate metabolism is essential for proper cell physiology. Here, we describe an early-onset neurodegenerative syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations in the multiple inositol-polyphosphate phosphatase 1 gene (MINPP1). Patients are found to have a distinct type of Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia with typical basal ganglia involvement on neuroimaging. We find that patient-derived and genome edited MINPP1−/− induced stem cells exhibit an inefficient neuronal differentiation combined with an increased cell death. MINPP1 deficiency results in an intracellular imbalance of the inositol polyphosphate metabolism. This metabolic defect is characterized by an accumulation of highly phosphorylated inositols, mostly inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), detected in HEK293 cells, fibroblasts, iPSCs and differentiating neurons lacking MINPP1. In mutant cells, higher IP6 level is expected to be associated with an increased chelation of intracellular cations, such as iron or calcium, resulting in decreased levels of available ions. These data suggest the involvement of IP6-mediated chelation on Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia disease pathology and thereby highlight the critical role of MINPP1 in the regulation of human brain development and homeostasis. Tight regulation of inositol polyphosphate metabolism is essential for proper cell physiology. Here, the authors describe an early-onset neurodegenerative syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations in the MINPP1 gene, characterised by intracellular imbalance of inositol polyphosphate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Ucuncu
- Université de Paris, Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Karthyayani Rajamani
- Université de Paris, Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Miranda S C Wilson
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Daniel Medina-Cano
- Université de Paris, Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Nami Altin
- Université de Paris, Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Pierre David
- Transgenesis Platform, Laboratoire d'Expérimentation Animale et Transgenèse (LEAT), Imagine Institute, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Barcia
- Université de Paris, Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique Médicale, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Lefort
- Université de Paris, iPSC Core Facility, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Céline Banal
- Université de Paris, iPSC Core Facility, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Gaële Pitelet
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, CHU Nice, 06200, Nice, France
| | - Elsa Lorino
- ESEAN, 44200 Nantes, Service de maladies chroniques de l'enfant, CHU Nantes, 44093, Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Rabasse
- Service de pédiatrie, hôpital d'Antibes-Juan-les-Pins, 06600, Antibes-Juan-les-Pins, France
| | - Eric Bieth
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Toulouse, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
| | - Meral Topcu
- Department of Child Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Fatma Mujgan Sonmez
- Guven Hospital, Child Neurology Department, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Child Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey
| | - Damir Musaev
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Valentina Stanley
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Université de Paris, Genomics Platform, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschké
- Université de Paris, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Université de Paris, Translational Genetics Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Université de Paris, Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Fossoud
- Centre de Référence des Troubles des Apprentissages, Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, 06200, Nice, France
| | - Fabienne Giuliano
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06202, Nice, France
| | - Laurence Colleaux
- Université de Paris, Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Université de Paris, Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Trousseau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Département de radiologie pédiatrique, INSERM UMR 1163 and INSERM U1000, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
| | - Vincent Cantagrel
- Université de Paris, Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France.
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18
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Maffucci T, Falasca M. Signalling Properties of Inositol Polyphosphates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225281. [PMID: 33198256 PMCID: PMC7696153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have identified specific signalling functions for inositol polyphosphates (IPs) in different cell types and have led to the accumulation of new information regarding their cellular roles as well as new insights into their cellular production. These studies have revealed that interaction of IPs with several proteins is critical for stabilization of protein complexes and for modulation of enzymatic activity. This has not only revealed their importance in regulation of several cellular processes but it has also highlighted the possibility of new pharmacological interventions in multiple diseases, including cancer. In this review, we describe some of the intracellular roles of IPs and we discuss the pharmacological opportunities that modulation of IPs levels can provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Maffucci
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (M.F.); Tel.: +61-08-92669712 (M.F.)
| | - Marco Falasca
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (M.F.); Tel.: +61-08-92669712 (M.F.)
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19
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Ricana CL, Lyddon TD, Dick RA, Johnson MC. Primate lentiviruses require Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) or inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) for the production of viral particles. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008646. [PMID: 32776974 PMCID: PMC7446826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) potently stimulates HIV-1 particle assembly in vitro and infectious particle production in vivo. However, knockout cells lacking inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase (IPPK-KO), the enzyme that produces IP6 by phosphorylation of inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5), were still able to produce infectious HIV-1 particles at a greatly reduced rate. HIV-1 in vitro assembly can also be stimulated to a lesser extent with IP5, but until recently, it was not known if IP5 could also function in promoting assembly in vivo. Here we addressed whether there is an absolute requirement for IP6 or IP5 in the production of infectious HIV-1 particles. IPPK-KO cells expressed no detectable IP6 but elevated IP5 levels and displayed a 20-100-fold reduction in infectious particle production, correlating with lost virus release. Transient transfection of an IPPK expression vector stimulated infectious particle production and release in IPPK-KO but not wildtype cells. Several attempts to make IP6/IP5 deficient stable cells were not successful, but transient expression of the enzyme multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-1 (MINPP1) into IPPK-KOs resulted in near ablation of IP6 and IP5. Under these conditions, we found that HIV-1 infectious particle production and virus release were essentially abolished (1000-fold reduction) demonstrating an IP6/IP5 requirement. However, other retroviruses including a Gammaretrovirus, a Betaretrovirus, and two non-primate Lentiviruses displayed only a modest (3-fold) reduction in infectious particle production from IPPK-KOs and were not significantly altered by expression of IPPK or MINPP1. The only other retrovirus found to show a clear IP6/IP5 dependence was the primate (macaque) Lentivirus Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, which displayed similar sensitivity as HIV-1. We were not able to determine if producer cell IP6/IP5 is required at additional steps beyond assembly because viral particles devoid of both molecules could not be generated. Finally, we found that loss of IP6/IP5 in viral target cells had no effect on permissivity to HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifton L Ricana
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Terri D Lyddon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Robert A Dick
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Marc C Johnson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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20
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Lee S, Beon J, Kim MG, Kim S. Inositol polyphosphate multikinase in adipocytes is dispensable for regulating energy metabolism and whole body metabolic homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E401-E409. [PMID: 32634320 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00030.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a central role in regulating whole body energy and glucose homeostasis at both organ and systemic levels. Inositol polyphosphates, such as 5-diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate, reportedly control adipocyte functions and energy expenditure. However, the physiological roles of the inositol polyphosphate (IP) pathway in the adipose tissue are not yet fully defined. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), a key enzyme in the IP metabolism, plays a critical role in adipose tissue biology and obesity. We generated adipocyte-specific IPMK knockout (Ipmk AKO) mice and evaluated metabolic phenotypes by measuring fat accumulation, glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity in adult mice fed either a regular-chow diet or high-fat diet (HFD). Despite substantial reduction of IPMK, Ipmk AKO mice exhibited normal glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and did not show changes in fat accumulation in response to HFD-feeding. In addition, loss of IPMK had no major impact on thermogenic processes in response to cold exposure. Collectively, these findings suggest that adipocyte IPMK is dispensable for normal adipose tissue and its physiological functions in whole body metabolism, suggesting the complex roles that inositol polyphosphate metabolism has in the regulation of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jiyoon Beon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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21
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Lee B, Park SJ, Lee S, Park SE, Lee E, Song JJ, Byun Y, Kim S. Identification of the Antidepressant Vilazodone as an Inhibitor of Inositol Polyphosphate Multikinase by Structure-Based Drug Repositioning. Mol Cells 2020; 43:222-227. [PMID: 32209735 PMCID: PMC7103885 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) is required for the biosynthesis of inositol phosphates (IPs) through the phosphorylation of multiple IP metabolites such as IP3 and IP4. The biological significance of IPMK's catalytic actions to regulate cellular signaling events such as growth and metabolism has been studied extensively. However, pharmacological reagents that inhibit IPMK have not yet been identified. We employed a structure-based virtual screening of publicly available U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs and chemicals that identified the antidepressant, vilazodone, as an IPMK inhibitor. Docking simulations and pharmacophore analyses showed that vilazodone has a higher affinity for the ATP-binding catalytic region of IPMK than ATP and we validated that vilazodone inhibits IPMK's IP kinase activities in vitro . The incubation of vilazodone with NIH3T3-L1 fibroblasts reduced cellular levels of IP5 and other highly phosphorylated IPs without influencing IP4 levels. We further found decreased Akt phosphorylation in vilazodone-treated HCT116 cancer cells. These data clearly indicate selective cellular actions of vilazodone against IPMK-dependent catalytic steps in IP metabolism and Akt activation. Collectively, our data demonstrate vilazodone as a method to inhibit cellular IPMK, providing a valuable pharmacological agent to study and target the biological and pathological processes governed by IPMK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boah Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 344, Korea
| | - Seung Ju Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seulgi Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eunhye Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ji-Joon Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 0019, Korea
| | - Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 311, Korea
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22
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Metabolic Labeling of Inositol Phosphates and Phosphatidylinositols in Yeast and Mammalian Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2091:83-92. [PMID: 31773572 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0167-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Inositol phosphate (IP) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) signaling are critical signal transduction pathways responsible for generating numerous receptor-mediated cellular responses. Biochemical and genetic studies have revealed diverse roles of IP and PI signaling in eukaryotic signaling, but detailed characterization of unique IP and PI signaling profiles in response to different agonists and among cell types remains largely unexplored. Here, we outline steady-state inositol metabolic-labeling techniques that can be leveraged to assess the IP and PI signaling state in eukaryotic cells. This flexible technique can be amended and optimized to your cell line of interest, perturbed with biochemical, genetic, or pharmacological alteration, and used to provide comprehensive inositol profiling in various cellular systems.
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23
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Mallery DL, Faysal KMR, Kleinpeter A, Wilson MSC, Vaysburd M, Fletcher AJ, Novikova M, Böcking T, Freed EO, Saiardi A, James LC. Cellular IP 6 Levels Limit HIV Production while Viruses that Cannot Efficiently Package IP 6 Are Attenuated for Infection and Replication. Cell Rep 2019; 29:3983-3996.e4. [PMID: 31851928 PMCID: PMC6931105 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 hijacks host proteins to promote infection. Here we show that HIV is also dependent upon the host metabolite inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) for viral production and primary cell replication. HIV-1 recruits IP6 into virions using two lysine rings in its immature hexamers. Mutation of either ring inhibits IP6 packaging and reduces viral production. Loss of IP6 also results in virions with highly unstable capsids, leading to a profound loss of reverse transcription and cell infection. Replacement of one ring with a hydrophobic isoleucine core restores viral production, but IP6 incorporation and infection remain impaired, consistent with an independent role for IP6 in stable capsid assembly. Genetic knockout of biosynthetic kinases IPMK and IPPK reveals that cellular IP6 availability limits the production of diverse lentiviruses, but in the absence of IP6, HIV-1 packages IP5 without loss of infectivity. Together, these data suggest that IP6 is a critical cofactor for HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Mallery
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - K M Rifat Faysal
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Alex Kleinpeter
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Miranda S C Wilson
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marina Vaysburd
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Adam J Fletcher
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Mariia Novikova
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Till Böcking
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Leo C James
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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ITPK1 mediates the lipid-independent synthesis of inositol phosphates controlled by metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24551-24561. [PMID: 31754032 PMCID: PMC6900528 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911431116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol phosphates (IPs) are a class of signaling molecules regulating cell physiology. The best-characterized IP, the calcium release factor IP3, is generated by phospholipase C hydrolysis of phosphoinositides lipids. For historical and technical reasons, IPs synthesis is believed to originate from the lipid-generated IP3. While this is true in yeast, our work has demonstrated that other organisms use a “soluble” (nonlipid) route to synthesize IPs. This soluble pathway depends on the metabolic status of the cells, and is under the control of the kinase ITPK1, which phosphorylates inositol monophosphate likely generated from glucose. The data shed light on the evolutionary origin of IPs, signaling and tightening the link between these small molecules and basic metabolism. Inositol phosphates (IPs) comprise a network of phosphorylated molecules that play multiple signaling roles in eukaryotes. IPs synthesis is believed to originate with IP3 generated from PIP2 by phospholipase C (PLC). Here, we report that in mammalian cells PLC-generated IPs are rapidly recycled to inositol, and uncover the enzymology behind an alternative “soluble” route to synthesis of IPs. Inositol tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase 1 (ITPK1)—found in Asgard archaea, social amoeba, plants, and animals—phosphorylates I(3)P1 originating from glucose-6-phosphate, and I(1)P1 generated from sphingolipids, to enable synthesis of IP6. We also found using PAGE mass assay that metabolic blockage by phosphate starvation surprisingly increased IP6 levels in a ITPK1-dependent manner, establishing a route to IP6 controlled by cellular metabolic status, that is not detectable by traditional [3H]-inositol labeling. The presence of ITPK1 in archaeal clades thought to define eukaryogenesis indicates that IPs had functional roles before the appearance of the eukaryote.
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25
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Uncovering human mixed lineage kinase domain-like activation in necroptosis. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2831-2844. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MLKL and its obligate upstream receptor interacting protein kinase 3 are essential components of necroptosis. It is well established that MLKL is the executioner of plasma membrane rupture in necroptosis. In healthy cells MLKL is dormant. Several dormant configurations have emerged from high-resolution structural studies revealing distinct mechanisms of MLKL autoinhibition in mammals. MLKL is activated through the concerted actions of receptor interacting protein kinase 3, which phosphorylates MLKL, and, in the case of the human pathway, inositol phosphate (IP) metabolites synthesized by the IP kinases of the IP metabolic pathway. Here, we highlight recent progress toward understanding the mechanisms of regulation of human MLKL, and survey the latest opportunities for targeting MLKL in pathophysiology.
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26
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Clarke BP, Logeman BL, Hale AT, Luka Z, York JD. A synthetic biological approach to reconstitution of inositide signaling pathways in bacteria. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 73:100637. [PMID: 31378699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inositide lipid (PIP) and soluble (IP) signaling pathways produce essential cellular codes conserved in eukaryotes. In many cases, deconvoluting metabolic and functional aspects of individual pathways are confounded by promiscuity and multiplicity of PIP and IP kinases and phosphatases. We report a molecular genetic approach that reconstitutes eukaryotic inositide lipid and soluble pathways in a prokaryotic cell which inherently lack inositide kinases and phosphatases in their genome. By expressing synthetic cassettes of eukaryotic genes, we have reconstructed the heterologous formation of a range of inositide lipids, including PI(3)P, PI(4,5)P2 and PIP3. In addition, we report the reconstruction of lipid-dependent production of inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6). Our synthetic system is scalable, reduces confounding metabolic issues, for example it is devoid of inositide phosphatases and orthologous kinases, and enables accurate characterization gene product enzymatic activity and substrate selectivity. This genetically engineered tool is designed to help interpret metabolic pathways and may facilitate in vivo testing of regulators and small molecule inhibitors. In summary, heterologous expression of inositide pathways in bacteria provide a malleable experimental platform for aiding signaling biologists and offers new insights into metabolism of these essential pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley P Clarke
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brandon L Logeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew T Hale
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zigmund Luka
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John D York
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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27
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Lev S, Li C, Desmarini D, Sorrell TC, Saiardi A, Djordjevic JT. Fungal Kinases With a Sweet Tooth: Pleiotropic Roles of Their Phosphorylated Inositol Sugar Products in the Pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans Present Novel Drug Targeting Opportunities. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:248. [PMID: 31380293 PMCID: PMC6660261 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal pathogens cause more than 300 million serious human infections and 1.6 million deaths per year. A clearer understanding of the mechanisms by which these fungi cause disease is needed to identify novel targets for urgently needed therapies. Kinases are key components of the signaling and metabolic circuitry of eukaryotic cells, which include fungi, and kinase inhibition is currently being exploited for the treatment of human diseases. Inhibiting evolutionarily divergent kinases in fungal pathogens is a promising avenue for antifungal drug development. One such group of kinases is the phospholipase C1-dependent inositol polyphosphate kinases (IPKs), which act sequentially to transfer a phosphoryl group to a pre-phosphorylated inositol sugar (IP). This review focuses on the roles of fungal IPKs and their IP products in fungal pathogenicity, as determined predominantly from studies performed in the model fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, and compares them to what is known in non-pathogenic model fungi and mammalian cells to highlight potential drug targeting opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lev
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School-Westmead, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cecilia Li
- Sydney Medical School-Westmead, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Desmarini Desmarini
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School-Westmead, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tania C Sorrell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School-Westmead, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julianne T Djordjevic
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School-Westmead, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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28
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Park J, Park SJ, Kim S. Inositol polyphosphate multikinase deficiency leads to aberrant induction of synaptotagmin-2 in the forebrain. Mol Brain 2019; 12:58. [PMID: 31221192 PMCID: PMC6584979 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), the key enzyme responsible for the synthesis of higher inositol polyphosphates and phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5-trisphosphate, is known to mediate various biological events, such as cellular growth and metabolism. Conditional deletion of IPMK in excitatory neurons of the mouse postnatal forebrain results in enhanced extinction of fear memory accompanied by activation of p85 S6 kinase 1 signaling in the amygdala; it also facilitates hippocampal long-term potentiation. However, the molecular changes triggered by IPMK deletion in the brain have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated gene expression changes in the hippocampal region of IPMK conditional knockout (cKO) mice by performing genome-wide transcriptome analyses. Here we show that expression of synaptotagmin 2 (Syt2), a synaptic vesicle protein essential for Ca2+-dependent neurotransmitter release, is robustly upregulated in the forebrain of IPMKcKO mice. Compared to wild-type mice, in which weak Syt2 expression was detected in the forebrain, IPMKcKO mice showed marked increases in both Syt2 mRNA and protein expression in the hippocampus as well as the amygdala. Collectively, our results suggest a physiological role for IPMK in regulating expression of Syt2, providing a potential underlying molecular mechanism to explain IPMK-mediated neural functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Seung Ju Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea. .,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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29
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McNamara DE, Dovey CM, Hale AT, Quarato G, Grace CR, Guibao CD, Diep J, Nourse A, Cai CR, Wu H, Kalathur RC, Green DR, York JD, Carette JE, Moldoveanu T. Direct Activation of Human MLKL by a Select Repertoire of Inositol Phosphate Metabolites. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:863-877.e7. [PMID: 31031142 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death executed through plasma membrane rupture by the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). We previously showed that MLKL activation requires metabolites of the inositol phosphate (IP) pathway. Here we reveal that I(1,3,4,6)P4, I(1,3,4,5,6)P5, and IP6 promote membrane permeabilization by MLKL through directly binding the N-terminal executioner domain (NED) and dissociating its auto-inhibitory region. We show that IP6 and inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase (IPPK) are required for necroptosis as IPPK deletion ablated IP6 production and inhibited necroptosis. The NED auto-inhibitory region is more extensive than originally described and single amino acid substitutions along this region induce spontaneous necroptosis by MLKL. Activating IPs bind three sites with affinity of 100-600 μM to destabilize contacts between the auto-inhibitory region and NED, thereby promoting MLKL activation. We therefore uncover MLKL's activating switch in NED triggered by a select repertoire of IP metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan E McNamara
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cole M Dovey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew T Hale
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Giovanni Quarato
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Christy R Grace
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cristina D Guibao
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jonathan Diep
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amanda Nourse
- Molecular Interaction Analysis Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Casey R Cai
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ravi C Kalathur
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - John D York
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Tudor Moldoveanu
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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30
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Inositol polyphosphate multikinase mediates extinction of fear memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2707-2712. [PMID: 30692248 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812771116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of higher inositol polyphosphates and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, also acts as a versatile signaling player in regulating tissue growth and metabolism. To elucidate neurobehavioral functions of IPMK, we generated mice in which IPMK was deleted from the excitatory neurons of the postnatal forebrain. These mice showed no deficits in either novel object recognition or spatial memory. IPMK conditional knockout mice formed cued fear memory normally but displayed enhanced fear extinction. Signaling analyses revealed dysregulated expression of neural genes accompanied by selective activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulatory enzyme p85 S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) in the amygdala following fear extinction. The IPMK mutants also manifested facilitated hippocampal long-term potentiation. These findings establish a signaling action of IPMK that mediates fear extinction.
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31
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Seacrist CD, Blind RD. Crystallographic and kinetic analyses of human IPMK reveal disordered domains modulate ATP binding and kinase activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16672. [PMID: 30420721 PMCID: PMC6232094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) is a member of the IPK-superfamily of kinases, catalyzing phosphorylation of several soluble inositols and the signaling phospholipid PI(4,5)P2 (PIP2). IPMK also has critical non-catalytic roles in p53, mTOR/Raptor, TRAF6 and AMPK signaling mediated partly by two disordered domains. Although IPMK non-catalytic functions are well established, it is less clear if the disordered domains are important for IPMK kinase activity or ATP binding. Here, kinetic and structural analyses of an engineered human IPMK lacking all disordered domains (ΔIPMK) are presented. Although the KM for PIP2 is identical between ΔIPMK and wild type, ΔIPMK has a 1.8-fold increase in kcat for PIP2, indicating the native IPMK disordered domains decrease IPMK activity in vitro. The 2.5 Å crystal structure of ΔIPMK is reported, confirming the conserved ATP-grasp fold. A comparison with other IPK-superfamily structures revealed a putative "ATP-clamp" in the disordered N-terminus, we predicted would stabilize ATP binding. Consistent with this observation, removal of the ATP clamp sequence increases the KM for ATP 4.9-fold, indicating the N-terminus enhances ATP binding to IPMK. Together, these structural and kinetic studies suggest in addition to mediating protein-protein interactions, the disordered domains of IPMK impart modulatory capacity to IPMK kinase activity through multiple kinetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey D Seacrist
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Raymond D Blind
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Medicine; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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32
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Carlson JC, Nidey NL, Butali A, Buxo CJ, Christensen K, Deleyiannis FWD, Hecht JT, Field LL, Moreno-Uribe LM, Orioli IM, Poletta FA, Padilla C, Vieira AR, Weinberg SM, Wehby GL, Feingold E, Murray JC, Marazita ML, Leslie EJ. Genome-wide interaction studies identify sex-specific risk alleles for nonsyndromic orofacial clefts. Genet Epidemiol 2018; 42:664-672. [PMID: 30277614 PMCID: PMC6185762 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is the most common craniofacial birth defect in humans and is notable for its apparent sexual dimorphism where approximately twice as many males are affected as females. The sources of this disparity are largely unknown, but interactions between genetic and sex effects are likely contributors. We examined gene-by-sex (G × S) interactions in a worldwide sample of 2,142 NSCL/P cases and 1,700 controls recruited from 13 countries. First, we performed genome-wide joint tests of the genetic (G) and G × S effects genome-wide using logistic regression assuming an additive genetic model and adjusting for 18 principal components of ancestry. We further interrogated loci with suggestive results from the joint test ( p < 1.00 × 10 -5 ) by examining the G × S effects from the same model. Out of the 133 loci with suggestive results ( p < 1.00 × 10 -5 ) for the joint test, we observed one genome-wide significant G × S effect in the 10q21 locus (rs72804706; p = 6.69 × 10 -9 ; OR = 2.62 CI [1.89, 3.62]) and 16 suggestive G × S effects. At the intergenic 10q21 locus, the risk of NSCL/P is estimated to increase with additional copies of the minor allele for females, but the opposite effect for males. Our observation that the impact of genetic variants on NSCL/P risk differs for males and females may further our understanding of the genetic architecture of NSCL/P and the sex differences underlying clefts and other birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna C. Carlson
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Nichole L. Nidey
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Carmen J. Buxo
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Frederic W-D Deleyiannis
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jacqueline T. Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School and School of Dentistry UT Health at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - L. Leigh Field
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Lina M. Moreno-Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ieda M. Orioli
- ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at INAGEMP (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Poletta
- ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at INAGEMP (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- CEMIC-CONICET: Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research “Norberto Quirno”, Buenos Aires, 1431, Argentina
| | - Carmencita Padilla
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, 1000 and the Philippine Genome Center, University of the Philippines System 1101, The Philippines
| | - Alexandre R. Vieira
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - George L. Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,52242, USA
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Leslie
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Bryant JM, Blind RD. Signaling through non-membrane nuclear phosphoinositide binding proteins in human health and disease. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:299-311. [PMID: 30201631 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r088518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide membrane signaling is critical for normal physiology, playing well-known roles in diverse human pathologies. The basic mechanisms governing phosphoinositide signaling within the nucleus, however, have remained deeply enigmatic owing to their presence outside the nuclear membranes. Over 40% of nuclear phosphoinositides can exist in this non-membrane state, held soluble in the nucleoplasm by nuclear proteins that remain largely unidentified. Recently, two nuclear proteins responsible for solubilizing phosphoinositides were identified, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1; NR5A1) and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1; NR5A2), along with two enzymes that directly remodel these phosphoinositide/protein complexes, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN; MMAC) and inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK; ipk2). These new footholds now permit the assignment of physiological functions for nuclear phosphoinositides in human diseases, such as endometriosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis, glioblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The unique nature of nuclear phosphoinositide signaling affords extraordinary clinical opportunities for new biomarkers, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Thus, phosphoinositide biology within the nucleus may represent the next generation of low-hanging fruit for new drugs, not unlike what has occurred for membrane phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase drug development. This review connects recent basic science discoveries in nuclear phosphoinositide signaling to clinical pathologies, with the hope of inspiring development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal M Bryant
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Raymond D Blind
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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Punjabi M, Bharadvaja N, Sachdev A, Krishnan V. Molecular characterization, modeling, and docking analysis of late phytic acid biosynthesis pathway gene, inositol polyphosphate 6-/ 3-/ 5-kinase, a potential candidate for developing low phytate crops. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:344. [PMID: 30073129 PMCID: PMC6064606 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coding sequence of inositol polyphosphate 6-/3-/5-kinase (GmIPK2) gene was identified and cloned from popular Indian soybean cultivar Pusa-16. The clone was predicted to encode 279 amino acids long, 30.97 kDa protein. Multiple sequence alignment revealed an inositol phosphate-binding motif, PxxxDxKxG throughout the IPK2 sequences along with other motifs unique to inositol phosphate kinase superfamily. Eight α-helices and eight β-strands in antiparallel β-sheets arrangement were predicted in the secondary structure of GmIPK2. The temporal analysis of GmIPK2 revealed maximum expression in the seed tissues during later stages of development while spatially the transcript levels were lowest in leaf and stem tissues. Endosperm-specific cis-regulatory motifs (GCN4 and Skn_1) which support high levels of expression, as observed in the developing seeds, were detected in its promoter region. The protein structure of GmIPK2 was modeled based on the crystal structure of inositol polyphosphate multikinase from Arabidopsis thaliana (PDB:4FRF) and subsequently docked with inositol phosphate ligands (PDB: 5GUG-I3P and PDB: 4A69-I0P). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation established the structural stability of both, modeled enzyme and ligand-bound complexes. Docking in combination with trajectory analysis for 50 ns MD run confirmed the participation of Lys105, Lys126 and Arg153 residues in the formation of a network of hydrogen bonds to stabilize the ligand-receptor interaction. Results of the present study thus provide valuable information on structural and functional aspects of GmIPK2 which shall assist in strategizing our long-term goal of achieving phytic acid reduction in soybean by genetic modification of its biosynthetic pathway to develop a nutritionally enhanced crop in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Punjabi
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), New Delhi, 110042 India
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Navneeta Bharadvaja
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), New Delhi, 110042 India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
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Dovey CM, Diep J, Clarke BP, Hale AT, McNamara DE, Guo H, Brown NW, Cao JY, Grace CR, Gough PJ, Bertin J, Dixon SJ, Fiedler D, Mocarski ES, Kaiser WJ, Moldoveanu T, York JD, Carette JE. MLKL Requires the Inositol Phosphate Code to Execute Necroptosis. Mol Cell 2018; 70:936-948.e7. [PMID: 29883610 PMCID: PMC5994928 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is an important form of lytic cell death triggered by injury and infection, but whether mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is sufficient to execute this pathway is unknown. In a genetic selection for human cell mutants defective for MLKL-dependent necroptosis, we identified mutations in IPMK and ITPK1, which encode inositol phosphate (IP) kinases that regulate the IP code of soluble molecules. We show that IP kinases are essential for necroptosis triggered by death receptor activation, herpesvirus infection, or a pro-necrotic MLKL mutant. In IP kinase mutant cells, MLKL failed to oligomerize and localize to membranes despite proper receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3)-dependent phosphorylation. We demonstrate that necroptosis requires IP-specific kinase activity and that a highly phosphorylated product, but not a lowly phosphorylated precursor, potently displaces the MLKL auto-inhibitory brace region. These observations reveal control of MLKL-mediated necroptosis by a metabolite and identify a key molecular mechanism underlying regulated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole M Dovey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan Diep
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bradley P Clarke
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew T Hale
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dan E McNamara
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christy R Grace
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peter J Gough
- Host Defense Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - John Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dorothea Fiedler
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Edward S Mocarski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - William J Kaiser
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Tudor Moldoveanu
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - John D York
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Ramazzotti G, Billi AM, Manzoli L, Mazzetti C, Ruggeri A, Erneux C, Kim S, Suh PG, Cocco L, Faenza I. IPMK and β-catenin mediate PLC-β1-dependent signaling in myogenic differentiation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84118-84127. [PMID: 27563828 PMCID: PMC5356648 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, we have reported that phospholipase C (PLC)-β1 plays a crucial role in myogenic differentiation and we determined the importance of its catalytic activity for the initiation of this process. Here we define the effectors that take part to its signaling pathway. We show that the Inositol Polyphosphate Multikinase (IPMK) is able to promote myogenic differentiation since its overexpression determines the up-regulation of several myogenic markers. Moreover, we demonstrate that IPMK activates the same cyclin D3 promoter region targeted by PLC-β1 and that IPMK-induced promoter activation relies upon c-jun binding to the promoter, as we have shown previously for PLC-β1. Furthermore, our data shows that IPMK overexpression causes an increase in β-catenin translocation and accumulation to the nuclei of differentiating myoblasts resulting in higher MyoD activation. Finally, we describe that PLC-β1 overexpression determines too an increase in β-catenin translocation and that PLC-β1, IPMK and β-catenin are mediators of the same signaling pathway since their overexpression results in cyclin D3 and myosin heavy chain (MYH) induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Billi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzetti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggeri
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christophe Erneux
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Brown NW, Marmelstein AM, Fiedler D. Chemical tools for interrogating inositol pyrophosphate structure and function. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:6311-6326. [PMID: 27462803 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) are a unique group of intracellular messengers that represent some of the most highly phosphorylated molecules in nature. Genetic perturbation of the PP-InsP biosynthetic network indicates a central role for these metabolites in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and in controlling signal transduction networks. However, despite their discovery over two decades ago, elucidating their physiologically relevant isomers, the biochemical pathways connecting these molecules to their associated phenotypes, and their modes of signal transduction has often been stymied by technical challenges. Many of the advances in understanding these molecules to date have been facilitated by the total synthesis of the various PP-InsP isomers and by the development of new methods that are capable of identifying their downstream signalling partners. Chemical tools have also been developed to distinguish between the proposed PP-InsP signal transduction mechanisms: protein binding, and a covalent modification of proteins termed protein pyrophosphorylation. In this article, we review these recent developments, discuss how they have helped to illuminate PP-InsP structure and function, and highlight opportunities for future discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel W Brown
- Princeton University, Frick Chemistry Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA and Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str 10, 13125 Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alan M Marmelstein
- Princeton University, Frick Chemistry Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA and Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str 10, 13125 Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dorothea Fiedler
- Princeton University, Frick Chemistry Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA and Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str 10, 13125 Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Fu C, Tyagi R, Chin AC, Rojas T, Li RJ, Guha P, Bernstein IA, Rao F, Xu R, Cha JY, Xu J, Snowman AM, Semenza GL, Snyder SH. Inositol Polyphosphate Multikinase Inhibits Angiogenesis via Inositol Pentakisphosphate-Induced HIF-1α Degradation. Circ Res 2017; 122:457-472. [PMID: 29279301 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) and its major product inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) regulate a variety of cellular functions, but their role in vascular biology remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE We have investigated the role of IPMK in regulating angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Deletion of IPMK in fibroblasts induces angiogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo models. IPMK deletion elicits a substantial increase of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), which mediates the regulation of angiogenesis by IPMK. The regulation of VEGF by IPMK requires its catalytic activity. IPMK is predominantly nuclear and regulates gene transcription. However, IPMK does not apparently serve as a transcription factor for VEGF. HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor)-1α is a major determinant of angiogenesis and induces VEGF transcription. IPMK deletion elicits a major enrichment of HIF-1α protein and thus VEGF. HIF-1α is constitutively ubiquitinated by pVHL (von Hippel-Lindau protein) followed by proteasomal degradation under normal conditions. However, HIF-1α is not recognized and ubiquitinated by pVHL in IPMK KO (knockout) cells. IP5 reinstates the interaction of HIF-1α and pVHL. HIF-1α prolyl hydroxylation, which is prerequisite for pVHL recognition, is interrupted in IPMK-deleted cells. IP5 promotes HIF-1α prolyl hydroxylation and thus pVHL-dependent degradation of HIF-1α. Deletion of IPMK in mouse brain increases HIF-1α/VEGF levels and vascularization. The increased VEGF in IPMK KO disrupts blood-brain barrier and enhances brain blood vessel permeability. CONCLUSIONS IPMK, via its product IP5, negatively regulates angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGF expression. IP5 acts by enhancing HIF-1α hydroxylation and thus pVHL-dependent degradation of HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglai Fu
- From the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (C.F., R.T., A.C.C., T.R., P.G., I.A.B., F.R., R.X., J.Y.C., J.X., A.M.S., S.H.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (R.-J.L., S.H.S.), Institute for Cell Engineering (G.L.S.), McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Pediatrics (G.L.S.), Department of Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Radiation Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Biological Chemistry (G.L.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (S.H.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richa Tyagi
- From the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (C.F., R.T., A.C.C., T.R., P.G., I.A.B., F.R., R.X., J.Y.C., J.X., A.M.S., S.H.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (R.-J.L., S.H.S.), Institute for Cell Engineering (G.L.S.), McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Pediatrics (G.L.S.), Department of Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Radiation Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Biological Chemistry (G.L.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (S.H.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alfred C Chin
- From the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (C.F., R.T., A.C.C., T.R., P.G., I.A.B., F.R., R.X., J.Y.C., J.X., A.M.S., S.H.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (R.-J.L., S.H.S.), Institute for Cell Engineering (G.L.S.), McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Pediatrics (G.L.S.), Department of Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Radiation Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Biological Chemistry (G.L.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (S.H.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tomas Rojas
- From the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (C.F., R.T., A.C.C., T.R., P.G., I.A.B., F.R., R.X., J.Y.C., J.X., A.M.S., S.H.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (R.-J.L., S.H.S.), Institute for Cell Engineering (G.L.S.), McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Pediatrics (G.L.S.), Department of Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Radiation Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Biological Chemistry (G.L.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (S.H.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ruo-Jing Li
- From the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (C.F., R.T., A.C.C., T.R., P.G., I.A.B., F.R., R.X., J.Y.C., J.X., A.M.S., S.H.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (R.-J.L., S.H.S.), Institute for Cell Engineering (G.L.S.), McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Pediatrics (G.L.S.), Department of Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Radiation Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Biological Chemistry (G.L.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (S.H.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Prasun Guha
- From the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (C.F., R.T., A.C.C., T.R., P.G., I.A.B., F.R., R.X., J.Y.C., J.X., A.M.S., S.H.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (R.-J.L., S.H.S.), Institute for Cell Engineering (G.L.S.), McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Pediatrics (G.L.S.), Department of Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Radiation Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Biological Chemistry (G.L.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (S.H.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Isaac A Bernstein
- From the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (C.F., R.T., A.C.C., T.R., P.G., I.A.B., F.R., R.X., J.Y.C., J.X., A.M.S., S.H.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (R.-J.L., S.H.S.), Institute for Cell Engineering (G.L.S.), McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Pediatrics (G.L.S.), Department of Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Radiation Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Biological Chemistry (G.L.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (S.H.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Feng Rao
- From the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (C.F., R.T., A.C.C., T.R., P.G., I.A.B., F.R., R.X., J.Y.C., J.X., A.M.S., S.H.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (R.-J.L., S.H.S.), Institute for Cell Engineering (G.L.S.), McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Pediatrics (G.L.S.), Department of Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Radiation Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Biological Chemistry (G.L.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (S.H.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Risheng Xu
- From the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (C.F., R.T., A.C.C., T.R., P.G., I.A.B., F.R., R.X., J.Y.C., J.X., A.M.S., S.H.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (R.-J.L., S.H.S.), Institute for Cell Engineering (G.L.S.), McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Pediatrics (G.L.S.), Department of Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Radiation Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Biological Chemistry (G.L.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (S.H.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jiyoung Y Cha
- From the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (C.F., R.T., A.C.C., T.R., P.G., I.A.B., F.R., R.X., J.Y.C., J.X., A.M.S., S.H.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (R.-J.L., S.H.S.), Institute for Cell Engineering (G.L.S.), McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Pediatrics (G.L.S.), Department of Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Radiation Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Biological Chemistry (G.L.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (S.H.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jing Xu
- From the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (C.F., R.T., A.C.C., T.R., P.G., I.A.B., F.R., R.X., J.Y.C., J.X., A.M.S., S.H.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (R.-J.L., S.H.S.), Institute for Cell Engineering (G.L.S.), McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Pediatrics (G.L.S.), Department of Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Radiation Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Biological Chemistry (G.L.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (S.H.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Adele M Snowman
- From the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (C.F., R.T., A.C.C., T.R., P.G., I.A.B., F.R., R.X., J.Y.C., J.X., A.M.S., S.H.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (R.-J.L., S.H.S.), Institute for Cell Engineering (G.L.S.), McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Pediatrics (G.L.S.), Department of Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Radiation Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Biological Chemistry (G.L.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (S.H.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gregg L Semenza
- From the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (C.F., R.T., A.C.C., T.R., P.G., I.A.B., F.R., R.X., J.Y.C., J.X., A.M.S., S.H.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (R.-J.L., S.H.S.), Institute for Cell Engineering (G.L.S.), McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Pediatrics (G.L.S.), Department of Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Radiation Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Biological Chemistry (G.L.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (S.H.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Solomon H Snyder
- From the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (C.F., R.T., A.C.C., T.R., P.G., I.A.B., F.R., R.X., J.Y.C., J.X., A.M.S., S.H.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (R.-J.L., S.H.S.), Institute for Cell Engineering (G.L.S.), McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Pediatrics (G.L.S.), Department of Medicine (G.L.S.), Department of Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Radiation Oncology (G.L.S.), Department of Biological Chemistry (G.L.S.), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (S.H.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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Saiardi A, Azevedo C, Desfougères Y, Portela-Torres P, Wilson MSC. Microbial inositol polyphosphate metabolic pathway as drug development target. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 67:74-83. [PMID: 28964726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphates are a diverse and multifaceted class of intracellular messengers omnipresent in eukaryotic cells. These water-soluble molecules regulate many aspects of fundamental cell physiology. Removing this metabolic pathway is deleterious: inositol phosphate kinase null mutations can result in lethality or substantial growth phenotypes. Inositol polyphosphate synthesis occurs through the actions of a set of kinases that phosphorylate phospholipase-generated IP3 to higher phosphorylated forms, such as the fully phosphorylated IP6 and the inositol pyrophosphates IP7 and IP8. Unicellular organisms have a reduced array of the kinases for synthesis of higher phosphorylated inositol polyphosphates, while human cells possess two metabolic routes to IP6. The enzymes responsible for inositol polyphosphate synthesis have been identified in all eukaryote genomes, although their amino acid sequence homology is often barely detectable by common search algorithms. Homology between human and microbial inositol phosphate kinases is restricted to a few catalytically important residues. Recent studies of the inositol phosphate metabolic pathways in pathogenic fungi (Cryptococcus neoformans) and protozoa (Trypanosome brucei) have revealed the importance of the highly phosphorylated inositol polyphosphates to the fitness and thus virulence of these pathogens. Given this, identification of inositol kinase inhibitors specifically targeting the kinases of pathogenic microorganisms is desirable and achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Saiardi
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Cristina Azevedo
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yann Desfougères
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paloma Portela-Torres
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Miranda S C Wilson
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
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40
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Wang H, Shears SB. Structural features of human inositol phosphate multikinase rationalize its inositol phosphate kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase activities. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18192-18202. [PMID: 28882892 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.801845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human inositol phosphate multikinase (HsIPMK) critically contributes to intracellular signaling through its inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) 3-kinase and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) 3-kinase activities. This catalytic profile is not conserved; orthologs from Arabidopsis thaliana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are predominantly Ins(1,4,5)P3 6-kinases, and the plant enzyme cannot phosphorylate PtdIns(4,5)P2 Therefore, crystallographic analysis of the yeast and plant enzymes, without bound inositol phosphates, do not structurally rationalize HsIPMK activities. Here, we present 1.6-Å resolution crystal structures of HsIPMK in complex with either Ins(1,4,5)P3 or PtdIns(4,5)P2 The Ins(1,4,5)P3 headgroup of PtdIns(4,5)P2 binds in precisely the same orientation as free Ins(1,4,5)P3 itself, indicative of evolutionary optimization of 3-kinase activities against both substrates. We report on nucleotide binding between the separate N- and C-lobes of HsIPMK. The N-lobe exhibits a remarkable degree of conservation with protein kinase A (root mean square deviation = 1.8 Å), indicating common ancestry. We also describe structural features unique to HsIPMK. First, we observed a constrained, horseshoe-shaped substrate pocket, formed from an α-helix, a 310 helix, and a recently evolved tri-proline loop. We further found HsIPMK activities rely on a preponderance of Gln residues, in contrast to the larger Lys and Arg residues in yeast and plant orthologs. These conclusions are supported by analyzing 14 single-site HsIPMK mutants, some of which differentially affect 3-kinase and 6-kinase activities. Overall, we structurally rationalize phosphorylation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(4,5)P2 by HsIPMK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanchen Wang
- From the Inositol Signaling Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Stephen B Shears
- From the Inositol Signaling Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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41
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Malla AB, Bhandari R. IP6K1 is essential for chromatoid body formation and temporal regulation of Tnp2 and Prm2 expression in mouse spermatids. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2854-2866. [PMID: 28743739 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.204966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) are enzymes that synthesise the inositol pyrophosphate 5-diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (5-IP7), which is known to regulate several physiological processes. Deletion of IP6K1, but not other IP6K isoforms, causes sterility in male mice. Here, we present a detailed investigation of the specific function of IP6K1 in spermatogenesis. Within the mouse testis, IP6K1 is expressed at high levels in late stage pachytene spermatocytes and in round spermatids. We found IP6K1 to be a novel component of the chromatoid body, a cytoplasmic granule found in round spermatids that is composed of RNA and RNA-binding proteins, and noted that this structure is absent in Ip6k1-/- round spermatids. Furthermore, juvenile spermatids from Ip6k1-/- mice display premature expression of the transition protein TNP2 and the protamine PRM2 due to translational derepression. The aberrant localisation of these key sperm-specific chromatin components, together with the persistence of somatic histones, results in abnormal spermatid elongation, failure to complete spermatid differentiation and azoospermia in these mice. Our study thus identifies IP6K1 as an indispensable factor in the temporal regulation of male germ cell differentiation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aushaq Bashir Malla
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana 500001, India.,Graduate Studies, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Rashna Bhandari
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana 500001, India
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42
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Kim E, Ahn H, Kim MG, Lee H, Kim S. The Expanding Significance of Inositol Polyphosphate Multikinase as a Signaling Hub. Mol Cells 2017; 40:315-321. [PMID: 28554203 PMCID: PMC5463039 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The inositol polyphosphates are a group of multifunctional signaling metabolites whose synthesis is catalyzed by a family of inositol kinases that are evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans. Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) was first identified as a subunit of the arginine-responsive transcription complex in budding yeast. In addition to its role in the production of inositol tetrakis- and pentakisphosphates (IP4 and IP5), IPMK also exhibits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) activity. Through its PI3-kinase activity, IPMK activates Akt/PKB and its downstream signaling pathways. IPMK also regulates several protein targets non-catalytically via protein-protein interactions. These non-catalytic targets include cytosolic signaling factors and transcription factors in the nucleus. In this review, we highlight the many known functions of mammalian IPMK in controlling cellular signaling networks and discuss future challenges related to clarifying the unknown roles IPMK plays in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunha Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Hyoungjoon Ahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Min Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Haein Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
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43
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Role of the Inositol Polyphosphate Multikinase Ipk2 in Regulation of Hyphal Development, Calcium Signaling and Secretion in Candida albicans. Mycopathologia 2017; 182:609-623. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-017-0138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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44
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Hamann BL, Blind RD. Nuclear phosphoinositide regulation of chromatin. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:107-123. [PMID: 28256711 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid signaling has clear connections to a wide array of cellular processes, particularly in gene expression and in controlling the chromatin biology of cells. However, most of the work elucidating how phospholipid signaling pathways contribute to cellular physiology have studied cytoplasmic membranes, while relatively little attention has been paid to the role of phospholipid signaling in the nucleus. Recent work from several labs has shown that nuclear phospholipid signaling can have important roles that are specific to this cellular compartment. This review focuses on the nuclear phospholipid functions and the activities of phospholipid signaling enzymes that regulate metazoan chromatin and gene expression. In particular, we highlight the roles that nuclear phosphoinositides play in several nuclear-driven physiological processes, such as differentiation, proliferation, and gene expression. Taken together, the recent discovery of several specifically nuclear phospholipid functions could have dramatic impact on our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that enable tight control of cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bree L Hamann
- Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Raymond D Blind
- Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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45
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Kim E, Beon J, Lee S, Park SJ, Ahn H, Kim MG, Park JE, Kim W, Yuk JM, Kang SJ, Lee SH, Jo EK, Seong RH, Kim S. Inositol polyphosphate multikinase promotes Toll-like receptor-induced inflammation by stabilizing TRAF6. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602296. [PMID: 28439546 PMCID: PMC5400429 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is tightly controlled to protect hosts from microorganisms while simultaneously preventing uncontrolled immune responses. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a critical mediator of TLR signaling, but the precise mechanism of how TRAF6 protein stability is strictly controlled still remains obscure. We show that myeloid-specific deletion of inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), which has both inositol polyphosphate kinase activities and noncatalytic signaling functions, protects mice against polymicrobial sepsis and lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation. IPMK depletion in macrophages results in decreased levels of TRAF6 protein, thereby dampening TLR-induced signaling and proinflammatory cytokine production. Mechanistically, the regulatory role of IPMK is independent of its catalytic function, instead reflecting its direct binding to TRAF6. This interaction stabilizes TRAF6 by blocking its K48-linked ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. Thus, these findings identify IPMK as a key determinant of TRAF6 stability and elucidate the physiological function of IPMK in TLR-induced innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunha Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jiyoon Beon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seulgi Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seung Ju Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyoungjoon Ahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Min Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Wooseob Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Yuk
- Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyo Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Rho Hyun Seong
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Corresponding author. (R.H.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Corresponding author. (R.H.S.); (S.K.)
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46
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Greene NDE, Leung KY, Copp AJ. Inositol, neural tube closure and the prevention of neural tube defects. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:68-80. [PMID: 27324558 PMCID: PMC5353661 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility to neural tube defects (NTDs), such as anencephaly and spina bifida is influenced by genetic and environmental factors including maternal nutrition. Maternal periconceptional supplementation with folic acid significantly reduces the risk of an NTD-affected pregnancy, but does not prevent all NTDs, and "folic acid non-responsive" NTDs continue to occur. Similarly, among mouse models of NTDs, some are responsive to folic acid but others are not. Among nutritional factors, inositol deficiency causes cranial NTDs in mice while supplemental inositol prevents spinal and cranial NTDs in the curly tail (Grhl3 hypomorph) mouse, rodent models of hyperglycemia or induced diabetes, and in a folate-deficiency induced NTD model. NTDs also occur in mice lacking expression of certain inositol kinases. Inositol-containing phospholipids (phosphoinositides) and soluble inositol phosphates mediate a range of functions, including intracellular signaling, interaction with cytoskeletal proteins, and regulation of membrane identity in trafficking and cell division. Myo-inositol has been trialed in humans for a range of conditions and appears safe for use in human pregnancy. In pilot studies in Italy and the United Kingdom, women took inositol together with folic acid preconceptionally, after one or more previous NTD-affected pregnancies. In nonrandomized cohorts and a randomized double-blind study in the United Kingdom, no recurrent NTDs were observed among 52 pregnancies reported to date. Larger-scale fully powered trials are needed to determine whether supplementation with inositol and folic acid would more effectively prevent NTDs than folic acid alone. Birth Defects Research 109:68-80, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Birth Defects Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D E Greene
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre and Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kit-Yi Leung
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre and Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Copp
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre and Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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47
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Ramazzotti G, Faenza I, Fiume R, Billi AM, Manzoli L, Mongiorgi S, Ratti S, McCubrey JA, Suh PG, Cocco L, Follo MY. PLC-β1 and cell differentiation: An insight into myogenesis and osteogenesis. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 63:1-5. [PMID: 27776973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-phospholipase C-β1 (PLC-β1) plays a crucial role in the initiation of the genetic program responsible for muscle differentiation and osteogenesis. During myogenic differentiation of murine C2C12 myoblasts, PLC-β1 signaling pathway involves the Inositol Polyphosphate Multikinase (IPMK) and β-catenin as downstream effectors. By means of c-jun binding to cyclin D3 promoter, the activation of PLC-β1 pathway determines cyclin D3 accumulation. However, osteogenesis requires PLC-β1 expression and up-regulation but it does not affect cyclin D3 levels, suggesting that the two processes require the activation of different mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Irene Faenza
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Billi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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48
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Erneux C, Ghosh S, Koenig S. Inositol(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase isoenzymes: Catalytic properties and importance of targeting to F-actin to understand function. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 60:135-143. [PMID: 26446452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) 3-kinases (Itpks) catalyze the phosphorylation of inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate into inositol(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5)P4). Three isoenzymes Itpka/b and c have been identified in human, rat and mouse. They share a catalytic domain relatively well conserved at the C-terminal end and a quite isoenzyme specific regulatory domain at the N-terminal end of the protein. Activity determined in cell homogenates with Ins(1,4,5)P3 and ATP as substrate is generally very low compared to Ins(1,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase, except in a few tissues such as brain, testis, thymus or intestine. Activity is very much Ca(2+) sensitive and increased in the presence of Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM) as compared to EGTA alone. When challenged after receptor activation, activity could be further activated several fold, e.g. in rat brain cortical slices stimulated by carbachol or in human astrocytoma cells stimulated by purinergic agonists. Two of the three isoenzymes show an unexpected cytoskeletal localization for Itpka/b or at the leading edge for Itpkb. This is explained by the presence of an F-actin binding site at the N-terminal part of the two isoenzymes. This interaction confers to Itpka the properties of an F-actin bundling protein with two major consequences: i) it can reorganize the cytoskeletal network, particularly in dendritic spines, and ii) can provide an opportunity for Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 to act very locally as second messenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Erneux
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Bldg C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Somadri Ghosh
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Bldg C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Koenig
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Bldg C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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49
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Kim E, Beon J, Lee S, Park J, Kim S. IPMK: A versatile regulator of nuclear signaling events. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 61:25-32. [PMID: 26682649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inositol-derived metabolites (e.g., phosphoinositides and inositol polyphosphates) are key second messengers that are essential for controlling a wide range of cellular events. Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) exhibits complex catalytic activities that eventually yield water-soluble inositol polyphosphates (e.g., IP4 and IP5) and lipid-bound phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. A series of recent studies have suggested that IPMK may be a multifunctional regulator in the nucleus of mammalian cells. In this review, we highlight the novel modes of action of IPMK in transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, and discuss its roles in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunha Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Beon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulgi Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Sei Y, Zhao X, Forbes J, Szymczak S, Li Q, Trivedi A, Voellinger M, Joy G, Feng J, Whatley M, Jones MS, Harper UL, Marx SJ, Venkatesan AM, Chandrasekharappa SC, Raffeld M, Quezado MM, Louie A, Chen CC, Lim RM, Agarwala R, Schäffer AA, Hughes MS, Bailey-Wilson JE, Wank SA. A Hereditary Form of Small Intestinal Carcinoid Associated With a Germline Mutation in Inositol Polyphosphate Multikinase. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:67-78. [PMID: 25865046 PMCID: PMC4858647 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Small intestinal carcinoids are rare and difficult to diagnose and patients often present with advanced incurable disease. Although the disease occurs sporadically, there have been reports of family clusters. Hereditary small intestinal carcinoid has not been recognized and genetic factors have not been identified. We performed a genetic analysis of families with small intestinal carcinoids to establish a hereditary basis and find genes that might cause this cancer. METHODS We performed a prospective study of 33 families with at least 2 cases of small intestinal carcinoids. Affected members were characterized clinically and asymptomatic relatives were screened and underwent exploratory laparotomy for suspected tumors. Disease-associated mutations were sought using linkage analysis, whole-exome sequencing, and copy number analyses of germline and tumor DNA collected from members of a single large family. We assessed expression of mutant protein, protein activity, and regulation of apoptosis and senescence in lymphoblasts derived from the cases. RESULTS Familial and sporadic carcinoids are clinically indistinguishable except for the multiple synchronous primary tumors observed in most familial cases. Nearly 34% of asymptomatic relatives older than age 50 were found to have occult tumors; the tumors were cleared surgically from 87% of these individuals (20 of 23). Linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing identified a germline 4-bp deletion in the gene inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), which truncates the protein. This mutation was detected in all 11 individuals with small intestinal carcinoids and in 17 of 35 family members whose carcinoid status was unknown. Mutant IPMK had reduced kinase activity and nuclear localization, compared with the full-length protein. This reduced activation of p53 and increased cell survival. CONCLUSIONS We found that small intestinal carcinoids can occur as an inherited autosomal-dominant disease. The familial form is characterized by multiple synchronous primary tumors, which might account for 22%-35% of cases previously considered sporadic. Relatives of patients with familial carcinoids should be screened to detect curable early stage disease. IPMK haploinsufficiency promotes carcinoid tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitatsu Sei
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xilin Zhao
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joanne Forbes
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Silke Szymczak
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qing Li
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Apurva Trivedi
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Voellinger
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grishma Joy
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jianying Feng
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Millie Whatley
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - MaryPat Sussex Jones
- Genomics Core/Genome Technology Branch, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ursula L. Harper
- Genomics Core/Genome Technology Branch, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J. Marx
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aradhana M. Venkatesan
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Mark Raffeld
- Laboratory of Pathology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martha M. Quezado
- Laboratory of Pathology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adeline Louie
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clara C. Chen
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ramona M. Lim
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richa Agarwala
- Information Engineering Branch, NCBI, NLM, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alejandro A. Schäffer
- Computational Biology Branch, NCBI, NLM, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen A. Wank
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Stephen A. Wank, M.D., Address: DDB/NIDDK/NIH, 10/9C-101, Bethesda, MD 20892, , Phone: (301) 402-3704, Fax: (301) 480-7476
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