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Piepke M, Jander A, Gagliani N, Gelderblom M. IL-17A-producing γδ T cells: A novel target in stroke immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2451067. [PMID: 39396374 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
The activation of the immune system is crucial for the fate of the ischemic brain tissue and neurological outcome in experimental stroke. Rapidly after stroke γδ (γδ17), T cells release IL-17A in the ischemic brain and thereby amplify the early detrimental immune response. Notably, IL-17A levels in γδ17 T cells are modulated by the intestinal microbiota which is, in turn, shaped by the diet. Importantly, besides their proinflammatory effects, meningeal γδ17 T cells have been recently implicated in regulating neuronal signaling, behavior, and cognition under homeostatic and pathological conditions at the brain-meningeal interface. Against this background, we propose that a dietary intervention represents a promising treatment option to improve poststroke outcomes by the modulation of the microbiota composition and IL-17A levels in γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Piepke
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alina Jander
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Konkel JE, Cox JR, Wemyss K. Bite-sized immunology; damage and microbes educating immunity at the gingiva. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:1141-1150. [PMID: 39038755 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Immune cells residing at the gingiva experience diverse and unique signals, tailoring their functions to enable them to appropriately respond to immunological challenges and maintain tissue integrity. The gingiva, defined as the mucosal barrier that surrounds and supports the teeth, is the only barrier site completely transected by a hard structure, the tooth. The tissue is damaged in early life during tooth eruption and chronically throughout life by the process of mastication. This occurs alongside challenges typical of barrier sites, including exposure to invading pathogens, the local commensal microbial community and environmental antigens. This review will focus on the immune network safeguarding gingival integrity, which is far less understood than that resident at other barrier sites. A detailed understanding of the gingiva-resident immune network is vital as it is the site of the inflammatory disease periodontitis, the most common chronic inflammatory condition in humans which has well-known detrimental systemic effects. Furthering our understanding of how the immune populations within the gingiva develop, are tailored in health, and how this is dysregulated in disease would further the development of effective therapies for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Konkel
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Joshua R Cox
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kelly Wemyss
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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3
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Bulgur D, Moura RM, Ribot JC. Key actors in neuropathophysiology: The role of γδ T cells. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2451055. [PMID: 39240039 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The neuroimmune axis has been the focus of many studies, with special emphasis on the interactions between the central nervous system and the different immune cell subsets. T cells are namely recognized to play a critical role due to their interaction with nerves, by secreting cytokines and neurotrophins, which regulate the development, function, and survival of neurons. In this context, γδ T cells are particularly relevant, as they colonize specific tissues, namely the meninges, and have a wide variety of complex functions that balance physiological systems. Notably, γδ T cells are not only key components for maintaining brain homeostasis but are also responsible for triggering or preventing inflammatory responses in various pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases as well as neuropsychiatric and developmental disorders. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of the art on the contribution of γδ T cells in neuropathophysiology and delve into the molecular mechanisms behind it. We aim to shed light on γδ T cell functions in the central nervous system while highlighting upcoming challenges in the field and providing new clues for potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Bulgur
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisbon, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Raquel Macedo Moura
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisbon, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Julie C Ribot
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisbon, 1649-028, Portugal
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4
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Wei XY, Tan YQ, Zhou G. γδ T cells in oral diseases. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:867-876. [PMID: 38563967 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE γδ T cells are a distinct subset of unconventional T cells, which link innate and adaptive immunity by secreting cytokines and interacting with other immune cells, thereby modulating immune responses. As the first line of host defense, γδ T cells are essential for mucosal homeostasis and immune surveillance. When abnormally activated or impaired, γδ T cells can contribute to pathogenic processes. Accumulating evidence has revealed substantial impacts of γδ T cells on the pathogenesis of cancers, infections, and immune-inflammatory diseases. γδ T cells exhibit dual roles in cancers, promoting or inhibiting tumor growth, depending on their phenotypes and the clinical stage of cancers. During infections, γδ T cells exert high cytotoxic activity in infectious diseases, which is essential for combating bacterial and viral infections by recognizing foreign antigens and activating other immune cells. γδ T cells are also implicated in the onset and progression of immune-inflammatory diseases. However, the specific involvement and underlying mechanisms of γδ T cells in oral diseases have not been systematically discussed. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review using the PubMed/MEDLINE databases to identify and analyze relevant literature on the roles of γδ T cells in oral diseases. RESULTS The literature review revealed that γδ T cells play a pivotal role in maintaining oral mucosal homeostasis and are involved in the pathogenesis of oral cancers, periodontal diseases, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), oral lichen planus (OLP), and oral candidiasis. γδ T cells mainly influence various pathophysiological processes, such as anti-tumor activity, eradication of infection, and immune response regulation. CONCLUSION This review focuses on the involvement of γδ T cells in oral diseases, with a particular emphasis on the main functions and underlying mechanisms by which γδ T cells influence the pathogenesis and progression of these conditions. This review underscores the potential of γδ T cells as therapeutic targets in managing oral health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Qin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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5
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Chen L, Zhu M, Zhang C, Wang Z, Lyu X, Xu W, Wu B. Osteopontin interacts with dendritic cells and macrophages in pulp inflammation: Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis and laboratory investigations. Int Endod J 2024; 57:464-476. [PMID: 38279773 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate novel diagnostic markers for pulpitis and validate by clinical samples from normal and inflamed pulp. To explore the relationship between diagnostic markers and immune cells or their phenotypes during pulp inflammation. METHODOLOGY Two microarray datasets, GSE77459 and GSE92681, and identified differential expression genes were integrated. To understand immune features, gene functions, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Disease Ontology (DO) and ImmuneSigDB Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were analysed. For predictive purposes, machine learning techniques were applied to detect diagnostic markers. Immune infiltration in inflamed pulp was studied using CIBERSORT. The relationship between diagnostic markers and immune cells was investigated and validated their gene expression in clinical samples from the normal or inflamed pulp by qRT-PCR. Finally, the correlation between one marker, secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), encoding osteopontin (OPN), and dendritic cells (DCs)/macrophages was identified via HE staining and multiplex immunohistochemistry. An in vitro inflammatory dental pulp microenvironment model of THP-1 macrophages cocultured with dental pulp cells derived conditioned media (DPCs-CM) to investigate OPN production and macrophage phenotypes was established. RESULTS Analysis revealed unique immunologic features in inflamed pulp. Three diagnostic markers for pulpitis: endothelin-1 (EDN1), SPP1, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), and validated them using qRT-PCR were predicted. Multiplex immunohistochemistry demonstrated OPN co-localized with activated DCs and M2 macrophages during pulp inflammation. In vitro experiments showed that THP-1 macrophages produced the highest levels of OPN when stimulated with DPCs-CM derived from the 20 μg/mL LPS pre-conditioned group, suggesting an M2b-like phenotype by increasing surface marker CD86 and expression of IL6, TNFα, IL10, and CCL1 but not CCL17 and MerTK. Levels of CCL1 and IL10 elevated significantly in the macrophages' supernatant from the 20 μg/mL LPS pre-conditioned CM group. OPN was proven co-localizing with CD86 in the inflamed pulp by immunofluorescence. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that OPN can serve as a promising biomarker for pulpitis, correlated with DCs and macrophages. OPN+ macrophages in the inflamed pulp are associated with M2b-like phenotypes. These insights offer the potential for improved diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan) of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingqi Zhu
- Department of Endodontics, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan) of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuhan Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan) of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziting Wang
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan) of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolin Lyu
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan) of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenan Xu
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan) of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Endodontics, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan) of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Zhu W, Xu X, Nagarajan V, Guo J, Peng Z, Zhang A, Liu J, Mattapallil MJ, Jittayasothorn Y, Horai R, Leger AJS, Caspi RR. TLR2 Supports γδ T cell IL-17A Response to ocular surface commensals by Metabolic Reprogramming. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.01.587519. [PMID: 38712203 PMCID: PMC11071315 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.01.587519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The ocular surface is a mucosal barrier tissue colonized by commensal microbes, which tune local immunity by eliciting IL-17 from conjunctival γδ T cells to prevent pathogenic infection. The commensal Corynebacterium mastitidis (C. mast) elicits protective IL-17 responses from conjunctival Vγ4 T cells through a combination of γδ TCR ligation and IL-1 signaling. Here, we identify Vγ6 T cells as a major C. mast-responsive subset in the conjunctiva and uncover its unique activation requirements. We demonstrate that Vγ6 cells require not only extrinsic (via dendritic cells) but also intrinsic TLR2 stimulation for optimal IL-17A response. Mechanistically, intrinsic TLR2 signaling was associated with epigenetic changes and enhanced expression of genes responsible for metabolic shift to fatty acid oxidation to support Il17a transcription. We identify one key transcription factor, IκBζ, which is upregulated by TLR2 stimulation and is essential for this program. Our study highlights the importance of intrinsic TLR2 signaling in driving metabolic reprogramming and production of IL-17A in microbiome-specific mucosal γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH Bethesda MD 20892, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Jing Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zixuan Peng
- Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH Bethesda MD 20892, USA
- Current address: Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114
| | | | | | - Reiko Horai
- Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony J. St. Leger
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Departments of Ophthalmology and Immunology, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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7
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Hovav AH, Wilensky A. The role of the epithelial sentinels, Langerhans cells and γδT cells, in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38273461 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) arises in the oral epithelium, a tissue in which immune surveillance is mediated by its primary resident leukocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), and γδT cells. Under steady-state conditions, LCs and γδT cells play a critical role in maintaining oral mucosal homeostasis. As antigen-presenting cells of stratified epithelia, LCs respond to various challenges faced by the epithelium, orchestrating innate, and adaptive immune responses in order to resolve them. γδT cells also sense diverse epithelial insults and react rapidly through cytokine production and cytolytic activity. These epithelial sentinels are also considered to be the first leukocytes in the oral epithelium to encounter early carcinogenic events that have the potential of becoming OSCC. As evident in many malignancies, leukocyte populations help prevent cancer development although they also promote tumor progression. OSCC is no exception, as studies have reported both anti- and pro-tumor roles of LCs and γδT cells. In this review, we summarize the ontogeny of LCs and γδT cells in the oral epithelium and discuss their role in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi-Hai Hovav
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asaf Wilensky
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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8
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Guo J, Chowdhury RR, Mallajosyula V, Xie J, Dubey M, Liu Y, Li J, Wei YL, Palanski BA, Wang C, Qiu L, Ohanyan M, Kask O, Sola E, Kamalyan L, Lewis DB, Scriba TJ, Davis MM, Dodd D, Zeng X, Chien YH. γδ T cell antigen receptor polyspecificity enables T cell responses to a broad range of immune challenges. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315592121. [PMID: 38227652 PMCID: PMC10823224 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315592121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are essential for immune defense and modulating physiological processes. While they have the potential to recognize large numbers of antigens through somatic gene rearrangement, the antigens which trigger most γδ T cell response remain unidentified, and the role of antigen recognition in γδ T cell function is contentious. Here, we show that some γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) exhibit polyspecificity, recognizing multiple ligands of diverse molecular nature. These ligands include haptens, metabolites, neurotransmitters, posttranslational modifications, as well as peptides and proteins of microbial and host origin. Polyspecific γδ T cells are enriched among activated cells in naive mice and the responding population in infection. They express diverse TCR sequences, have different functional potentials, and include the innate-like γδ T cells, such as the major IL-17 responders in various pathological/physiological conditions. We demonstrate that encountering their antigenic microbiome metabolite maintains their homeostasis and functional response, indicating that their ability to recognize multiple ligands is essential for their function. Human γδ T cells with similar polyspecificity also respond to various immune challenges. This study demonstrates that polyspecificity is a prevalent feature of γδ T cell antigen recognition, which enables rapid and robust T cell responses to a wide range of challenges, highlighting a unique function of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Roshni Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Vamsee Mallajosyula
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Jianming Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Megha Dubey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Jing Li
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Yu-ling Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | | | - Conghua Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Lingfeng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China
- National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China
| | - Mané Ohanyan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Oliver Kask
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Elsa Sola
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Lilit Kamalyan
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - David B. Lewis
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7700, South Africa
| | - Mark M. Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- HHMI, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Dylan Dodd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Xun Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China
- National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China
- Research Units of Infectious disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
| | - Yueh-hsiu Chien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
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Tubero Euzebio Alves V, Bruno M, Mukherjee S, Wang L, Danaher R, Su L, Starr M, Gonzalez O. Sex-Related Effect of Aging in Gingival Gamma-Delta T Cells. J Dent Res 2024; 103:62-70. [PMID: 37968805 PMCID: PMC10985387 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231205210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging affects the number and function of gamma-delta (γδ) T cells in a tissue-specific manner, modifying the risk for inflammatory disease. These aging-related γδT-cell variations in gingival tissues that could increase the risk for inflammation and periodontal disease remain unknown. Here we sought to identify quantitative and qualitative variations in gingival γδT cells associated with aging that could have an impact in oral immunoinflammatory responses. For this, gingival tissues from young (4 mo) and aged (24 mo) male and female mice were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell suspensions were stimulated and stained with eFluor450 (cell viability), anti-CD45 (hematopoietic cells), anti-CD3 (lymphocytes), anti-TCRγδ (γδT cells), anti-IL-15rα (cell proliferation), and anti-Notch-3 (senescence marker). Detection of intracellular cytokines IL-17A and interferon γ (IFNγ) was performed. Gingival expression of specific γ- and δ-chains and cytokines was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. A significantly higher number of IL-17A-producing γδT cells and IL-17A expression levels were observed in gingival tissues from aged females but not males. Similarly, the number of gingival Notch-3+ γδT cells increased with aging only in females. IL-15rα was not detected in gingival γδT cells. Chains γ1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7 as well as δ1, 2, 4, and 6 were detected. Detection levels of all γ chains except γ1 as well as δ1 and δ2 changed with aging in males, females, or both. Interestingly, number of IL-17A-producing conventional T cells similarly increased with aging only in females. Both sexes showed increased IFNγ+ conventional T-cell numbers with aging; however, it reached significance only in females. In conclusion, the number of gingival IL-17A-producing γδT cells and IL-17A expression increase naturally with aging specifically in females. This sexual dimorphism in gingival γδT and conventional Th17 cell numbers and phenotypes suggests distinct aging-related mechanisms of periodontitis in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Tubero Euzebio Alves
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - M.E.C. Bruno
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - S. Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - L. Wang
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - R.J. Danaher
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - L. Su
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - M.E. Starr
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - O.A. Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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10
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Hada A, Li L, Kandel A, Jin Y, Xiao Z. Characterization of Bovine Intraepithelial T Lymphocytes in the Gut. Pathogens 2023; 12:1173. [PMID: 37764981 PMCID: PMC10535955 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraepithelial T lymphocytes (T-IELs), which constitute over 50% of the total T lymphocytes in the animal, patrol the mucosal epithelial lining to defend against pathogen invasion while maintaining gut homeostasis. In addition to expressing T cell markers such as CD4 and CD8, T-IELs display T cell receptors (TCR), including either TCRαβ or TCRγδ. Both humans and mice share similar T-IEL subsets: TCRγδ+, TCRαβ+CD8αα+, TCRαβ+CD4+, and TCRαβ+CD8αβ+. Among these subsets, human T-IELs are predominantly TCRαβ+ (over 80%), whereas those in mice are mostly TCRγδ+ (~60%). Of note, the majority of the TCRγδ+ subset expresses CD8αα in both species. Although T-IELs have been extensively studied in humans and mice, their profiles in cattle have not been well examined. Our study is the first to characterize bovine T-IELs using flow cytometry, where we identified several distinct features. The percentage of TCRγδ+ was comparable to that of TCRαβ+ T-IELs (both ~50% of CD3+), and the majority of bovine TCRγδ+ T-IELs did not express CD8 (CD8-) (above 60%). Furthermore, about 20% of TCRαβ+ T-IELs were CD4+CD8αβ+, and the remaining TCRαβ+ T-IELs were evenly distributed between CD4+ and CD8αβ+ (~40% of TCRαβ+ T-IELs each) with no TCRαβ+CD8αα+ identified. Despite these unique properties, bovine T-IELs, similar to those in humans and mice, expressed a high level of CD69, an activation and tissue-retention marker, and a low level of CD62L, a lymphoid adhesion marker. Moreover, bovine T-IELs produced low levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ and IL17A, and secreted small amounts of the immune regulatory cytokine TGFβ1. Hence, bovine T-IELs' composition largely differs from that of human and mouse, with the dominance of the CD8- population among TCRγδ+ T-IELs, the substantial presence of TCRαβ+CD4+CD8αβ+ cells, and the absence of TCRαβ+CD8αα+ T-IELs. These results provide the groundwork for conducting future studies to examine how bovine T-IELs respond to intestinal pathogens and maintain the integrity of the gut epithelial barrier in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhengguo Xiao
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (A.H.); (L.L.); (A.K.); (Y.J.)
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11
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Jaber Y, Netanely Y, Naamneh R, Saar O, Zubeidat K, Saba Y, Georgiev O, Kles P, Barel O, Horev Y, Yosef O, Eli-Berchoer L, Nadler C, Betser-Cohen G, Shapiro H, Elinav E, Wilensky A, Hovav AH. Langerhans cells shape postnatal oral homeostasis in a mechanical-force-dependent but microbiota and IL17-independent manner. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5628. [PMID: 37699897 PMCID: PMC10497507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The postnatal interaction between microbiota and the immune system establishes lifelong homeostasis at mucosal epithelial barriers, however, the barrier-specific physiological activities that drive the equilibrium are hardly known. During weaning, the oral epithelium, which is monitored by Langerhans cells (LC), is challenged by the development of a microbial plaque and the initiation of masticatory forces capable of damaging the epithelium. Here we show that microbial colonization following birth facilitates the differentiation of oral LCs, setting the stage for the weaning period, in which adaptive immunity develops. Despite the presence of the challenging microbial plaque, LCs mainly respond to masticatory mechanical forces, inducing adaptive immunity, to maintain epithelial integrity that is also associated with naturally occurring alveolar bone loss. Mechanistically, masticatory forces induce the migration of LCs to the lymph nodes, and in return, LCs support the development of immunity to maintain epithelial integrity in a microbiota-independent manner. Unlike in adult life, this bone loss is IL-17-independent, suggesting that the establishment of oral mucosal homeostasis after birth and its maintenance in adult life involve distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Jaber
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yasmine Netanely
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reem Naamneh
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Or Saar
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Khaled Zubeidat
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yasmin Saba
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Olga Georgiev
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paz Kles
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Or Barel
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Horev
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omri Yosef
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Israel-Canada Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luba Eli-Berchoer
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chen Nadler
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation & Maxillofacial Imaging, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gili Betser-Cohen
- Division of Identification and Forensic Science, Police National HQ, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Shapiro
- System Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- System Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Microbe & Cancer Division, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asaf Wilensky
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi-Hai Hovav
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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12
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Kang I, Kim Y, Lee HK. Double-edged sword: γδ T cells in mucosal homeostasis and disease. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1895-1904. [PMID: 37696894 PMCID: PMC10545763 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosa is a tissue that covers numerous body surfaces, including the respiratory tract, digestive tract, eye, and urogenital tract. Mucosa is in direct contact with pathogens, and γδ T cells perform various roles in the tissue. γδ T cells efficiently defend the mucosa from various pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. In addition, γδ T cells are necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis because they select specific organisms in the microbiota and perform immunoregulatory functions. Furthermore, γδ T cells directly facilitate pregnancy by producing growth factors. However, γδ T cells can also play detrimental roles in mucosal health by amplifying inflammation, thereby worsening allergic responses. Moreover, these cells can act as major players in autoimmune diseases. Despite their robust roles in the mucosa, the application of γδ T cells in clinical practice is lacking because of factors such as gaps between mice and human cells, insufficient knowledge of the target of γδ T cells, and the small population of γδ T cells. However, γδ T cells may be attractive targets for clinical use due to their effector functions and low risk of inducing graft-versus-host disease. Therefore, robust research on γδ T cells is required to understand the crucial features of these cells and apply these knowledges to clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Kang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Huang HI, Xue Y, Jewell ML, Tan CY, Theriot B, Aggarwal N, Dockterman J, Lin YD, Schroeder EA, Wang D, Xiong N, Coers J, Shinohara ML, Surana NK, Hammer GE. A binary module for microbiota-mediated regulation of γδ17 cells, hallmarked by microbiota-driven expression of programmed cell death protein 1. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112951. [PMID: 37556321 PMCID: PMC10588736 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how microbiota regulate innate-like γδ T cells or how these restrict their effector functions within mucosal barriers, where microbiota provide chronic stimulation. Here, we show that microbiota-mediated regulation of γδ17 cells is binary, where microbiota instruct in situ interleukin-17 (IL-17) production and concomitant expression of the inhibitory receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Microbiota-driven expression of PD-1 and IL-17 and preferential adoption of a PD-1high phenotype are conserved for γδ17 cells across multiple mucosal barriers. Importantly, microbiota-driven PD-1 inhibits in situ IL-17 production by mucosa-resident γδ17 effectors, linking microbiota to their simultaneous activation and suppression. We further show the dynamic nature of this microbiota-driven module and define an inflammation-associated activation state for γδ17 cells marked by augmented PD-1, IL-17, and lipid uptake, thus linking the microbiota to dynamic subset-specific activation and metabolic remodeling to support γδ17 effector functions in a microbiota-dense tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-I Huang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yue Xue
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mark L Jewell
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chin Yee Tan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barbara Theriot
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nupur Aggarwal
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jacob Dockterman
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yang-Ding Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Erin A Schroeder
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Na Xiong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mari L Shinohara
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Neeraj K Surana
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gianna Elena Hammer
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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14
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Sun L, Su Y, Jiao A, Wang X, Zhang B. T cells in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:235. [PMID: 37332039 PMCID: PMC10277291 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Upon antigen stimulation, naïve T cells differentiate into CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic effector and memory cells, mediating direct killing, diverse immune regulatory function, and long-term protection. In response to acute and chronic infections and tumors, T cells adopt distinct differentiation trajectories and develop into a range of heterogeneous populations with various phenotype, differentiation potential, and functionality under precise and elaborate regulations of transcriptional and epigenetic programs. Abnormal T-cell immunity can initiate and promote the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of T cell development, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell classification, and differentiation in physiological settings. We further elaborate the heterogeneity, differentiation, functionality, and regulation network of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in infectious disease, chronic infection and tumor, and autoimmune disease, highlighting the exhausted CD8+ T cell differentiation trajectory, CD4+ T cell helper function, T cell contributions to immunotherapy and autoimmune pathogenesis. We also discuss the development and function of γδ T cells in tissue surveillance, infection, and tumor immunity. Finally, we summarized current T-cell-based immunotherapies in both cancer and autoimmune diseases, with an emphasis on their clinical applications. A better understanding of T cell immunity provides insight into developing novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China.
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15
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Thapa B, Pak S, Chung D, Shin HK, Lee SH, Lee K. Cell-penetrating TLR inhibitor peptide alleviates ulcerative colitis by the functional modulation of macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165667. [PMID: 37215126 PMCID: PMC10196052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a crucial role not only in triggering innate responses against microbes but in orchestrating an appropriate adaptive immunity. However, deregulated activation of TLR signaling leads to chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory potential of a TLR inhibitor in the form of a cell-penetrating peptide using an ulcerative colitis animal model. A peptide derived from the TIR domain of the TLR adaptor molecule TIRAP that was conjugated with a cell-penetrating sequence (cpTLR-i) suppressed the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β in macrophages. In DSS-induced colitis mice, cpTLR-i treatment ameliorated colitis symptoms, colonic tissue damage, and mucosal inflammation. Intriguingly, cpTLR-i attenuated the induction of TNF-α-expressing proinflammatory macrophages while promoting that of regulatory macrophages expressing arginase-1 and reduced type 17 helper T cell (Th17) responses in the inflamed colonic lamina propria. An in vitro study validated that cpTLR-i enhanced the differentiation of monocyte-driven macrophages into mature macrophages with a regulatory phenotype in a microbial TLR ligand-independent manner. Furthermore, the cocultivation of CD4 T cells with macrophages revealed that cpTLR-i suppressed the activation of Th17 cells through the functional modulation of macrophages. Taken together, our data show the immunomodulatory potential of the TLR inhibitor peptide and suggest cpTLR-i as a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Thapa
- Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwon Pak
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeon Chung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seong Ho Lee
- R&D Center, Genesen Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunwook Lee
- Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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16
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Papotto PH, Yilmaz B, Pimenta G, Mensurado S, Cunha C, Fiala GJ, Gomes da Costa D, Gonçalves-Sousa N, Chan BHK, Blankenhaus B, Domingues RG, Carvalho T, Hepworth MR, Macpherson AJ, Allen JE, Silva-Santos B. Maternal γδ T cells shape offspring pulmonary type 2 immunity in a microbiota-dependent manner. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112074. [PMID: 36787741 PMCID: PMC7615642 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune development is profoundly influenced by vertically transferred cues. However, little is known about how maternal innate-like lymphocytes regulate offspring immunity. Here, we show that mice born from γδ T cell-deficient (TCRδ-/-) dams display an increase in first-breath-induced inflammation, with a pulmonary milieu selectively enriched in type 2 cytokines and type 2-polarized immune cells, when compared with the progeny of γδ T cell-sufficient dams. Upon helminth infection, mice born from TCRδ-/- dams sustain an increased type 2 inflammatory response. This is independent of the genotype of the pups. Instead, the offspring of TCRδ-/- dams harbors a distinct intestinal microbiota, acquired during birth and fostering, and decreased levels of intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as pentanoate and hexanoate. Importantly, exogenous SCFA supplementation inhibits type 2 innate lymphoid cell function and suppresses first-breath- and infection-induced inflammation. Taken together, our findings unravel a maternal γδ T cell-microbiota-SCFA axis regulating neonatal lung immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Papotto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gonçalo Pimenta
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Mensurado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Cunha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gina J Fiala
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel Gomes da Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Natacha Gonçalves-Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Brian H K Chan
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Birte Blankenhaus
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita G Domingues
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tânia Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matthew R Hepworth
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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17
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Chen Y, Du J, Liu Y, Luo Z, Guo L, Xu J, Jia L, Liu Y. γδT cells in oral tissue immune surveillance and pathology. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1050030. [PMID: 36703983 PMCID: PMC9871479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral mucosa's immune system is composed of tissue-resident and specifically recruited leukocytes that could effectively tolerate a wide range of microbial and mechanical assaults. Shortly after CD4+ helper T cells (TH17 cells) that produce interleukin 17 (IL-17) were identified, it was discovered that γδT cells could also induce substantial levels of this pro-inflammatory cytokine. In the past decades, it has become clear that due to a complicated thymic program of development, γδT cells frequently serve as the primary sources of IL-17 in numerous models of inflammatory diseases while also assisting in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the skin and intestine. But it wasn't until recently that we took thorough insight into the complex features of γδT cells in the oral mucosa. Most gingival intraepithelial γδT cells reside in the junctional epithelium adjacent to the dental biofilm, suggesting their potential role in regulating oral microbiota. However, inconsistent results have been published in this regard. Similarly, recent findings showed contradictory data about the role of γδT lymphocytes in experimental periodontitis based on different models. In addition, conflicting findings were presented in terms of alveolar bone physiology and pathology underlying the oral mucosa. This review provided an overview of current knowledge and viewpoints regarding the complex roles played by oral-resident γδT cells in host-microbiota interactions, gingivitis and periodontitis, bone physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Chen
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junji Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Jia
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Lu Jia, ; Yi Liu,
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Lu Jia, ; Yi Liu,
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18
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Kidney-resident innate-like memory γδ T cells control chronic Staphylococcus aureus infection of mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2210490120. [PMID: 36574651 PMCID: PMC9910431 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210490120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are involved in the control of Staphylococcus aureus infection, but their importance in protection compared to other T cells is unclear. We used a mouse model of systemic S. aureus infection associated with high bacterial load and persistence in the kidney. Infection caused fulminant accumulation of γδ T cells in the kidney. Renal γδ T cells acquired tissue residency and were maintained in high numbers during chronic infection. At day 7, up to 50% of renal γδ T cells produced IL-17A in situ and a large fraction of renal γδ T cells remained IL-17A+ during chronic infection. Controlled depletion revealed that γδ T cells restricted renal S. aureus replication in the acute infection and provided protection during chronic renal infection and upon reinfection. Our results demonstrate that kidney-resident γδ T cells are nonredundant in limiting local S. aureus growth during chronic infection and provide enhanced protection against reinfection.
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19
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Bojanic I, Worel N, Pacini CP, Stary G, Piekarska A, Flinn AM, Schell KJ, Gennery AR, Knobler R, Lacerda JF, Greinix HT, Pulanic D, Crossland RE. Extracorporeal photopheresis as an immunomodulatory treatment modality for chronic GvHD and the importance of emerging biomarkers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1086006. [PMID: 36875063 PMCID: PMC9981637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1086006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the treatment of choice for malignant haematological diseases. Despite continuous improvements in pre- and post-transplantation procedures, the applicability of allo-HSCT is limited by life-threatening complications such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), engraftment failure, and opportunistic infections. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is used to treat steroid resistant GvHD with significant success. However, the molecular mechanisms driving its immunomodulatory action, whilst preserving immune function, require further understanding. As ECP is safe to administer with few significant adverse effects, it has the potential for earlier use in the post-HSCT treatment of GvHD. Thus, further understanding the immunomodulatory mechanisms of ECP action may justify more timely use in clinical practice, as well as identify biomarkers for using ECP as first line or pre-emptive GvHD therapy. This review aims to discuss technical aspects and response to ECP, review ECP as an immunomodulatory treatment modality for chronic GvHD including the effect on regulatory T cells and circulating vs. tissue-resident immune cells and consider the importance of emerging biomarkers for ECP response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Bojanic
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nina Worel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carolina P Pacini
- Hematology and Transplantation Immunology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Piekarska
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aisling M Flinn
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly J Schell
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Gennery
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Paediatric Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Knobler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - João F Lacerda
- Hematology and Transplantation Immunology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Drazen Pulanic
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rachel E Crossland
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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20
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Zhang J, Wang AX, Wu Y, Zhang S. IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) suppresses a hyper-IL-17 response-mediated bone loss in a murine experimental periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 144:105555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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21
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Liu Y, Qv W, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Ding C, Chu M, Chen F. The interplay between oral microbes and immune responses. Front Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1009018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral microbes play a critical role in maintaining oral homeostasis. Microbial dysbiosis promotes disease pathogenesis through several mechanisms. Recent studies have revealed that microbial imbalance and sustained inflammation are involved in disease progression. The adverse interaction triggered by a host immune response to microorganisms can lead to oral and systemic diseases. Here, we reviewed how oral microbes communicate with hosts during the development of local and distant inflammation. Elucidation of these processes may reveal future directions in this field and the potential targets of novel biological therapies for oral and systemic diseases.
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22
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LeBlanc G, Kreissl F, Melamed J, Sobel AL, Constantinides MG. The role of unconventional T cells in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Semin Immunol 2022; 61-64:101656. [PMID: 36306662 PMCID: PMC9828956 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle LeBlanc
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Felix Kreissl
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Jonathan Melamed
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Adam L. Sobel
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,These authors contributed equally
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23
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Darrigues J, Almeida V, Conti E, Ribot JC. The multisensory regulation of unconventional T cell homeostasis. Semin Immunol 2022; 61-64:101657. [PMID: 36370671 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Unconventional T cells typically group γδ T cells, invariant Natural Killer T cells (NKT) and Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells. With their pre-activated status and biased tropism for non-lymphoid organs, they provide a rapid (innate-like) and efficient first line of defense against pathogens at strategical barrier sites, while they can also trigger chronic inflammation, and unexpectedly contribute to steady state physiology. Thus, a tight control of their homeostasis is critical to maintain tissue integrity. In this review, we discuss the recent advances of our understanding of the factors, from neuroimmune to inflammatory regulators, shaping the size and functional properties of unconventional T cell subsets in non-lymphoid organs. We present a general overview of the mechanisms common to these populations, while also acknowledging specific aspects of their diversity. We mainly focus on their maintenance at steady state and upon inflammation, highlighting some key unresolved issues and raising upcoming technical, fundamental and translational challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Darrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Vicente Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eller Conti
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Julie C Ribot
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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24
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Oral Microbiota from Periodontitis Promote Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development via γδ T Cell Activation. mSystems 2022; 7:e0046922. [PMID: 36000726 PMCID: PMC9600543 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00469-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a fatal disease, and periodontitis is associated with OSCC development. However, the pathogenesis in the context of OSCC with periodontitis has not been fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that periodontitis promoted OSCC development, accompanied by alterations in the oral bacterial community and the tumor immune microenvironment. The oral microbiota from periodontitis maintained the dominant position throughout the whole process of OSCC with periodontitis, of which Porphyromonas was the most abundant genus. The oral microbiota from periodontitis could activate interleukin-17-positive (IL-17+) γδ T cells directly. The activated γδ T cells were necessary for the IL-17/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway and promoted M2-tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration in OSCC proliferation. Our data provide insight into the carcinogenesis of OSCC with periodontitis by outlining the tumor-associated immune response shaped by the oral microbiota from periodontitis. Thus, oral commensal bacteria and IL-17+ γδ T cells might be potential targets for monitoring and treating OSCC. IMPORTANCE The work reveals the role of the oral microbiota from periodontitis in carcinogenesis. Furthermore, our study provides insight into the pathogenesis of OSCC with periodontitis by outlining the tumor-associated immune response shaped by the oral microbiota from periodontitis, which might identify new research and intervention targets for OSCC with periodontitis.
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25
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Ikeuchi T, Moutsopoulos NM. Osteoimmunology in periodontitis; a paradigm for Th17/IL-17 inflammatory bone loss. Bone 2022; 163:116500. [PMID: 35870792 PMCID: PMC10448972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent human disease of inflammation-induced bone destruction. Through studies in patient lesions of rare and common forms of periodontitis and animal model experimentation, Th17/IL-17 related immune pathways have emerged as mediators of disease pathology. In this focused review, we examine mechanisms of induction, amplification and pathogenicity of Th17 cells in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ikeuchi
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, 30 convent Dr, Bldg30, Room 327, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America.
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, 30 convent Dr, Bldg30, Room 327, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America.
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26
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Wu Y, Tang X, Hu F, Zhu T, Liu H, Xiong Y, Zuo X, Xu A, Zhuang X. Long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics affects Ly6C hi monocyte recruitment and IL-17A and IL-22 production through the gut microbiota in tumor-bearing mice treated with chemotherapy. Immunol Res 2022; 70:829-843. [PMID: 36149530 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The protective effects of antibiotics against infection in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy remains unclear and related studies have been performed in healthy or pathogen-infected animal models. Here, we aimed to study the effects of antibiotic use on intestinal infection in tumor-bearing mice treated with chemotherapy and to determine the underlying mechanisms. Subcutaneous CT26 tumor-bearing mice were assigned to four groups: the control (Ctrl) group without any treatment, the antibiotic (ATB) group treated with a mixture of ampicillin, streptomycin, and colistin, the 5-fluorouracil (FU) group treated with four cycles of intraperitoneal injections of FU, and the ATB + FU group treated with the combination of ATB and FU. Gut microbial composition was determined and mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) were isolated for bacterial culturing. Intestinal permeability and integrity were assessed and the expression of cytokines was analyzed by quantitative PCR, ELISA, or flow cytometry (FCM). Monocytes in the colonic lamina propria (LP) were measured by FCM. Compared with the Ctrl and FU groups, the numbers of positive bacterial culturing results for mLNs were higher, and gut bacterial compositions were altered in the ATB and ATB + FU groups, with significantly decreased alpha diversity in the ATB + FU group. Intestinal integrity regarding the expression of tight junction proteins and intestinal permeability were not impaired significantly after treatments, but the colons were shorter in the ATB + FU group. The expression levels of intestinal IL-17A and IL-22, as well as the percentages of IL-17A+ cells in the colonic LP of the ATB + FU group, were lower than those in the FU group. The percentages of Ly6Chi monocytes in the colonic LP were lower, but those in the spleen were higher in the ATB + FU group than in the FU group. The mRNA levels of colonic CCL8 were reduced in the ATB + FU group. Antibiotic use is associated with an increased incidence of intestinal infections in tumor-bearing mice treated with chemotherapy, which might in turn be associated with a dysregulated gut microbiota that inhibits colonic monocyte recruitment and IL-17A and IL-22 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Basic Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yanjing Xiong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zuo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Aiping Xu
- The Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
| | - Xiufen Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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27
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Wang Q, Lin W, Zhou X, Lei K, Xu R, Zhang X, Xiong Q, Sheng R, Song W, Liu W, Wang Q, Yuan Q. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas of Gingival Mucosa in Type 2 Diabetes. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1654-1664. [PMID: 35656582 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221092752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral gingival barrier is a constantly stimulated and dynamic environment where homeostasis is often disrupted, resulting in inflammatory periodontal diseases. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been reported to be associated with gingival barrier dysfunction, but the effect and underlying mechanism are inconclusive. Herein, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of gingiva from leptin receptor-deficient mice (db/db) to examine the gingival heterogeneity in the context of T2D. Periodontal health of control mice is characterized by populations of Krt14+-expressing epithelial cells and Col1a1+-fibroblasts mediating immune homeostasis primarily through the enrichment of innate lymphoid cells. The db/db gingiva exhibited decreased epithelial/stromal ratio and dysfunctional barrier. We further observed stromal, particularly fibroblast immune hyperresponsiveness, linked to the recruitment of myeloid-derived cells at the db/db gingiva. Both scRNA-seq and histological analysis suggested the inflammatory signaling between fibroblasts and neutrophils as a potential driver of diabetes-induced periodontal damage. Notably, the "immune-like" stromal cells were wired toward the induction of gingival γδ T hyperresponsiveness in db/db mice. Our work reveals that the "immune-like" fibroblasts with transcriptional diversity are involved in the innate immune homeostasis at the diabetic gingiva. It highlights a potentially significant role of these cell types in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - K Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - R Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - R Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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28
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Lin D, Hu Q, Yang L, Zeng X, Xiao Y, Wang D, Dai W, Lu H, Fang J, Tang Z, Wang Z. The niche-specialist and age-related oral microbial ecosystem: crosstalk with host immune cells in homeostasis. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35731208 PMCID: PMC9455711 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although characterization of the baseline oral microbiota has been discussed, the current literature seems insufficient to draw a definitive conclusion on the interactions between the microbes themselves or with the host. This study focuses on the spatial and temporal characteristics of the oral microbial ecosystem in a mouse model and its crosstalk with host immune cells in homeostasis. The V3V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene of 20 samples from four niches (tongue, buccal mucosa, keratinized gingiva and hard palate) and 10 samples from two life stages (adult and old) were analysed. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to investigate the resident immune cells. The niche-specialist and age-related communities, characterized based on the microbiota structure, interspecies communications, microbial functions and interactions with immune cells, were addressed. The phylum Firmicutes was the major component in the oral community. The microbial community profiles at the genus level showed that the relative abundances of the genera Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Porphyromonas were enriched in the gingiva. The abundance of the genera Streptococcus, Faecalibaculum and Veillonella was increased in palatal samples, while the abundance of Neisseria and Bradyrhizobium was enriched in buccal samples. The genera Corynebacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Streptococcus and Fusobacterium were proportionally enriched in old samples, while Prevotella and Lacobacillus were enriched in adult samples. Network analysis showed that the genus Lactobacillus performed as a central node in the buccal module, while in the gingiva module, the central nodes were Nesterenkonia and Hydrogenophilus. FCM showed that the proportion of Th1 cells in the tongue samples (38.18 % [27.03–49.34 %]) (mean [range]) was the highest. The proportion of γδT cells in the buccal mucosa (25.82 % [22.1–29.54 %]) and gingiva (20.42 % [18.31–22.53 %]) samples was higher (P<0.01) than those in the palate (14.18 % [11.69–16.67 %]) and tongue (9.38 % [5.38–13.37 %] samples. The proportion of Th2 (31.3 % [16.16–46.44 %]), Th17 (27.06 % [15.76–38.36 %]) and Treg (29.74 % [15.71–43.77 %]) cells in the old samples was higher than that in the adult samples (P<0.01). Further analysis of the interplays between the microbiomes and immune cells indicated that Th1 cells in the adult group, nd Th2, Th17 and Treg cells in the old group were the main immune factors strongly associated with the oral microbiota. For example, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells showed a significantly positive correlation with age-related microorganisms such as Sphingomonas, Streptococcus and Acinetobacter, while Th1 cells showed a negative correlation. Another positive correlation occurred between Th1 cells and several commensal microbiomes such as Lactobacillus, Jeotgalicoccus and Sporosarcina. Th2, Th17 and Treg cells showed the opposite trend. Together, our findings identify the niche-specialist and age-related characteristics of the oral microbial ecosystem and the potential associations between the microbiomes and the mucosal immune cells, providing critical insights into mucosal microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjia Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiannan Hu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lisa Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xian Zeng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yiwei Xiao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dikan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenxiao Dai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huanzi Lu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Juan Fang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhonghui Tang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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29
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Ko YK, Hong S, Kim HM, Liu M, Moon E, Kim P, Choi Y. Characterization of junctional structures in the gingival epithelium as barriers against bacterial invasion. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:799-810. [PMID: 35607865 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs) are known to play a crucial role in maintaining the physical barrier function of the epithelium. Here, we aimed to characterize the distribution of AJs and TJs throughout the gingival epithelium and to obtain insights into the physiological importance of these junctional structures. METHODS Sections of mouse gingival tissue were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and bio-high voltage electron microscopy tomography. The gingival sections were stained for E-cadherin and JAM-A as markers of AJs and TJs, respectively, and examined using confocal microscopy and lattice structured illumination microscopy. Bacteria within the gingival epithelium were examined using in situ hybridization. RESULTS Junctional structures, including desmosomes, AJs, and TJs, were observed throughout the gingival epithelium. The expression levels of E-cadherin were particularly low in the granular/keratinized layers of the oral epithelium (OE), while extremely low JAM-A levels were detected in the granular/keratinized layers of the sulcular epithelium (SE). The three-dimensional rendering of the junctional structures revealed that both AJs and TJs in the gingival epithelium formed discontinuous short bands or patches. Interestingly, strong bacterial signals were observed at the granular/keratinized layers of both SE and OE, but a few bacteria were detected within the junctional epithelium (JE) and the basal/spinous layers of the SE and OE. CONCLUSIONS AJs and TJs form a discontinuous barrier throughout paracellular passage in the gingival epithelium; nevertheless, they seem to play an important role in defending against invading bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Kyeong Ko
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujung Hong
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.,KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Man Kim
- Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Moon
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.,KI for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Shen X, Yang Y, Li J, Zhang B, Wei W, Lu C, Yan C, Wei H, Li Y. Immune Responses Regulated by Key Periodontal Bacteria in Germ-Free Mice. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050513. [PMID: 35631034 PMCID: PMC9146732 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune dysregulation induced by periodontal bacteria has important roles in the development of periodontitis. However, the role of key periodontal bacteria in local and systemic immunity has not been comprehensively studied. Herein, to explore immunoregulation maps of key periodontal bacteria, a mono-colonized germ-free mice model with P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and T. denticola for two weeks was designed in this study. The alveolar bone loss was determined by micro-CT. A total of 14 types of innate and adaptive immune cells of the gingiva, spleen, and colon were detected by multi-color flow cytometry. P. gingivalis induced the strongest innate immune response in gingiva and mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) changed most significantly, compared to F. nucleatum and T. denticola. Immune dysregulation of the colon was widely induced by F. nucleatum. T. denticola mainly induced immune disorder in spleen. ILC3s, Tregs, CD11B+ dendritic cells s, MNPs, macrophages, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells were the main types in response to key periodontal bacteria. However, the alveolar bone loss was not induced by key periodontal bacteria. In conclusion, the overall immunoregulation of monomicrobial stimuli to decipher the complexities of periodontitis was provided in this study. P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and T. denticola have different effects on local and systemic immunity in gingiva, colon, and spleen of germ-free mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.S.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yutao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.S.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (C.Y.)
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China;
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China;
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.S.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (C.Y.)
| | - Changqing Lu
- Department of Anatomy, West China School of Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Caixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.S.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (C.Y.)
| | - Hong Wei
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Park, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200435, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.S.); (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (C.Y.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Y.L.)
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Hu W, Shang R, Yang J, Chen C, Liu Z, Liang G, He W, Luo G. Skin γδ T Cells and Their Function in Wound Healing. Front Immunol 2022; 13:875076. [PMID: 35479079 PMCID: PMC9035842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.875076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For the skin immune system, γδ T cells are important components, which help in defensing against damage and infection of skin. Compared to the conventional αβ T cells, γδ T cells have their own differentiation, development and activation characteristics. In adult mice, dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs), Vγ4 and Vγ6 γδ T cells are the main subsets of skin, the coordination and interaction among them play a crucial role in wound repair. To get a clear overview of γδ T cells, this review synopsizes their derivation, development, colonization and activation, and focuses their function in acute and chronic wound healing, as well as the underlining mechanism. The aim of this paper is to provide cues for the study of human epidermal γδ T cells and the potential treatment for skin rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoyu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiacai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Guangping Liang, ; Weifeng He, ; Gaoxing Luo,
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Guangping Liang, ; Weifeng He, ; Gaoxing Luo,
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Guangping Liang, ; Weifeng He, ; Gaoxing Luo,
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32
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Mann AO, Hanna BS, Muñoz-Rojas AR, Sandrock I, Prinz I, Benoist C, Mathis D. IL-17A-producing γδT cells promote muscle regeneration in a microbiota-dependent manner. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213111. [PMID: 35380608 PMCID: PMC8989184 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Subsequent to acute injury, skeletal muscle undergoes a stereotypic regenerative process that reestablishes homeostasis. Various types of innate and adaptive immunocytes exert positive or negative influences at specific stages along the course of muscle regeneration. We describe an unanticipated role for γδT cells in promoting healthy tissue recovery after injection of cardiotoxin into murine hindlimb muscle. Within a few days of injury, IL-17A-producing γδT cells displaying primarily Vγ6+ antigen receptors accumulated at the wound site. Punctual ablation experiments showed that these cells boosted early inflammatory events, notably recruitment of neutrophils; fostered the proliferation of muscle stem and progenitor cells; and thereby promoted tissue regeneration. Supplementation of mice harboring low numbers of IL-17A+ γδT cells with recombinant IL-17A largely reversed their inflammatory and reparative defects. Unexpectedly, the accumulation and influences of γδT cells in this experimental context were microbiota dependent, unveiling an orthogonal perspective on the treatment of skeletal muscle pathologies such as catastrophic wounds, wasting, muscular dystrophies, and myositides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O. Mann
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Bola S. Hanna
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Andrés R. Muñoz-Rojas
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christophe Benoist
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,Correspondence to Diane Mathis:
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Jia L, Wu G, Alonso S, Zhao C, Lemenze A, Lam YY, Zhao L, Edelblum KL. A transmissible γδ intraepithelial lymphocyte hyperproliferative phenotype is associated with the intestinal microbiota and confers protection against acute infection. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:772-782. [PMID: 35589986 PMCID: PMC9262869 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intraepithelial lymphocytes expressing the γδ T cell receptor (γδ IELs) serve as a first line of defense against luminal microbes. Although the presence of an intact microbiota is dispensable for γδ IEL development, several microbial factors contribute to the maintenance of this sentinel population. However, whether specific commensals influence population of the γδ IEL compartment under homeostatic conditions has yet to be determined. We identified a novel γδ IEL hyperproliferative phenotype that arises early in life and is characterized by expansion of multiple Vγ subsets. Horizontal transfer of this hyperproliferative phenotype to mice harboring a phenotypically normal γδ IEL compartment was prevented following antibiotic treatment, thus demonstrating that the microbiota is both necessary and sufficient for the observed increase in γδ IELs. Further, we identified two guilds of small intestinal or fecal bacteria represented by 12 amplicon sequence variants (ASV) that are strongly associated with γδ IEL expansion. Using intravital microscopy, we find that hyperproliferative γδ IELs also exhibit increased migratory behavior leading to enhanced protection against bacterial infection. These findings reveal that transfer of a specific group of commensals can regulate γδ IEL homeostasis and immune surveillance, which may provide a novel means to reinforce the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Jia
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Guojun Wu
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition & Health, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Sara Alonso
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Cuiping Zhao
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition & Health, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Alexander Lemenze
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Yan Y. Lam
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition & Health, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ,Gut Microbiota and Metabolism Group, Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Liping Zhao
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition & Health, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Karen L. Edelblum
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ,Correspondence: Karen Edelblum, 205 South Orange Ave, Cancer Center G1228, Newark, NJ 07103, tel: 973-972-3071,
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Wilharm A, Binz C, Sandrock I, Rampoldi F, Lienenklaus S, Blank E, Winkel A, Demera A, Hovav AH, Stiesch M, Prinz I. Interleukin-17 is disease promoting in early stages and protective in late stages of experimental periodontitis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265486. [PMID: 35298525 PMCID: PMC8929577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans. It is characterized by a chronic inflammation of the tooth-supporting tissue that results in bone loss. However, the role and source of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17) and of the cells producing it locally in the gingiva is still controversial. Th17 αβ T cells, CD4+ exFoxP3+ αβ T cells, or IL-17-producing γδ T cells (γδ17 cells) seem to be decisive cellular players in periodontal inflammation. To address these issues in an experimental model for periodontitis, we employed genetic mouse models deficient for either γδ T cells or IL-17 cytokines and assessed the bone loss during experimental periodontal inflammation by stereomicroscopic, histological, and μCT-analysis. Furthermore, we performed flow-cytometric analyses and qPCR-analyses of the gingival tissue. We found no γδ T cell- or IL-17-dependent change in bone loss after four weeks of periodontitis. Apart from that, our data are complementary with earlier studies, which suggested IL-17-dependent aggravation of bone loss in early periodontitis, but a rather bone-protective role for IL-17 in late stages of experimental periodontitis with respect to the osteoclastogenicity defined by the RANKL/OPG ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Wilharm
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Binz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Blank
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Winkel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Abdi Demera
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Avi-Hai Hovav
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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35
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林 冬, 杨 利, 王 智. [Research Updates: The Role of Interaction between Oral Microbiota, Immune Cells, and Epithelial Barrier in Oral Mucosal Homeostasis and Pathogenesis]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2022; 53:188-193. [PMID: 35332716 PMCID: PMC10409361 DOI: 10.12182/20220360501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In a healthy state, the interaction between the oral microorganisms, mucosal immune cells and epithelial barrier can maintain the oral microecological stability. However, the oral microecology is disrupted under a diseased state and various pathogenic bacteria and their virulence factors and metabolites irritate the immune system, which causes direct or indirect damage to the epithelial barrier, promotes the pathogenesis and progression of oral mucosal diseases, and triggers immune inflammatory response or the irreversible transformation from inflammation into cancer. We herein reviewed the interaction between oral microorganisms, immune cells and epithelial barrier from two perspectives, the maintenance of the oral homeostasis and the pathogenesis of oral mucosal diseases. We intended to gain further understanding of the oral mucosal homeostasis and the mechanism of action of the pathogenesis and progression of oral mucosal diseases, and to provide thereby ideas and scientific and theoretical basis for developing new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of oral mucosal diseases through re-establishing mucosal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- 冬佳 林
- 中山大学光华口腔医学院·附属口腔医院 (广州 510055)Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- 广东省口腔医学重点实验室 (广州 510055)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - 利洒 杨
- 中山大学光华口腔医学院·附属口腔医院 (广州 510055)Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- 广东省口腔医学重点实验室 (广州 510055)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - 智 王
- 中山大学光华口腔医学院·附属口腔医院 (广州 510055)Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- 广东省口腔医学重点实验室 (广州 510055)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
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36
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Sudo K, Todoroki T, Ka Y, Takahara K. Vγ5Vδ1 TCR signaling is required to different extents for embryonic versus postnatal development of DETCs. Int Immunol 2022; 34:263-276. [PMID: 35031803 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
δγ T cells expressing Vγ5Vδ1 TCR originally develop in the embryonic thymus and migrate to the epidermis, forming dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) throughout life. It is thought that a TCR signal is essential for their development; e.g., lack of TCR signal-transducer ZAP70 significantly decreases DETC numbers. On the other hand, lack of ZAP70 does not affect Vγ5Vδ1 + T cells in the embryonic thymus; thus, the involvement of TCR signaling remains elusive. Here, we used SKG mice with attenuated TCR signaling rather than gene-knockout mice. In SKG mice, Vγ5 + T cells showed a marked decrease (10% of wild-type) in adult epidermis; however, there was just a moderate decrease (50% of wild-type) in the embryonic thymus. In early postnatal epidermis in SKG mice, substantial numbers of Vγ5 + T cells were observed (50% of wild-type). Their activation markers including CD122, a component of the IL-15 receptor indispensable for DETC proliferation, were comparable to those of WT. However, the Vγ5 + T cells in SKG mice did not proliferate and form DETCs thereafter. Furthermore, in SKG/+ mice, the number of thymic Vγ5Vδ1 + T cells increased, compared to SKG mice; however, the number of DETCs remained significantly lower than in WT, similar to SKG mice. Our results suggest that signaling via Vγ5Vδ1 TCR is indispensable for DETC development, with distinct contributions to embryonic development and postnatal proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Sudo
- Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takero Todoroki
- Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuyo Ka
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takahara
- Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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37
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Liang J, Fu L, Li M, Chen Y, Wang Y, Lin Y, Zhang H, Xu Y, Qin L, Liu J, Wang W, Hao J, Liu S, Zhang P, Lin L, Alnaggar M, Zhou J, Zhou L, Guo H, Wang Z, Liu L, Deng G, Zhang G, Wu Y, Yin Z. Allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-Cell Therapy Promotes Pulmonary Lesion Repair: An Open-Label, Single-Arm Pilot Study in Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:756495. [PMID: 34975844 PMCID: PMC8715986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.756495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The WHO’s “Global tuberculosis report 2020” lists tuberculosis (TB) as one of the leading causes of death globally. Existing anti-TB therapy strategies are far from adequate to meet the End TB Strategy goals set for 2035. Therefore, novel anti-TB therapy protocols are urgently needed. Here, we proposed an allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell-based immunotherapy strategy and clinically evaluated its safety and efficacy in patients with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Eight patients with MDR-TB were recruited in this open-label, single-arm pilot clinical study. Seven of these patients received allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy adjunct with anti-TB drugs in all therapy courses. Cells (1 × 108) were infused per treatment every 2 weeks, with 12 courses of cell therapy conducted for each patient, who were then followed up for 6 months to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cell therapy. The eighth patient initially received four courses of cell infusions, followed by eight courses of cell therapy plus anti-MDR-TB drugs. Clinical examinations, including clinical response, routine blood tests and biochemical indicators, chest CT imaging, immune cell surface markers, body weight, and sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis testing, were conducted. Our study revealed that allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are clinically safe for TB therapy. These cells exhibited clinical efficacy in multiple aspects, including promoting the repair of pulmonary lesions, partially improving host immunity, and alleviating M. tuberculosis load in vivo, regardless of their application in the presence or absence of anti-TB drugs. This pilot study opens a new avenue for anti-TB treatment and exhibits allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells as promising candidates for developing a novel cell drug for TB immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liang
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Li
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department for gdT Clinical Research and Development, Guangdong GD Kongming Biotech Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyuan Chen
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Xu
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linxiu Qin
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juncai Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianlei Hao
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peize Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department for gdT Clinical Research and Development, Guangdong GD Kongming Biotech Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Mohammed Alnaggar
- Tongji Chibi Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Chibi, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department for Tuberculosis Control, Foshan Fourth People’s Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department for Tuberculosis Control, Centre for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixin Guo
- Department for Tuberculosis Control, Centre for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoqin Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guofang Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhinan Yin, ; Yangzhe Wu, ; Guoliang Zhang, ; Guofang Deng,
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhinan Yin, ; Yangzhe Wu, ; Guoliang Zhang, ; Guofang Deng,
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhinan Yin, ; Yangzhe Wu, ; Guoliang Zhang, ; Guofang Deng,
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhinan Yin, ; Yangzhe Wu, ; Guoliang Zhang, ; Guofang Deng,
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Crosstalk between the oral microbiota, mucosal immunity, and the epithelial barrier regulates oral mucosal disease pathogenesis. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1247-1258. [PMID: 34040155 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucosal disease (OMD), which is also called soft tissue oral disease, is described as a series of disorders or conditions affecting the mucosa and soft tissue in the oral cavity. Its etiology is unclear, but emerging evidence has implicated the influence of the composition of the oral mucosa and saliva-resident microbiota. In turn, this dysbiosis effects the immune response balance and epithelial barrier function, followed by the occurrence and progression of OMD. In addition, oral microbial dysbiosis is diverse in different types of diseases and different disease progressions, suggesting that key causal pathogens may exist in various oral pathologies. This narrative literature review primarily discusses the most recent findings focusing on how microbial dysbiosis communicates with mucosal adaptive immune cells and the epithelial barrier in the context of five representative OMDs, including oral candidiasis (OC), oral lichen planus (OLP), recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU), oral leukoplakia (OLK), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), to provide new insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms of OMDs.
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Barel O, Aizenbud Y, Tabib Y, Jaber Y, Leibovich A, Horev Y, Zubeidat K, Saba Y, Eli-Berchoer L, Heyman O, Wilensky A, Prinz I, Hovav AH. γδ T Cells Differentially Regulate Bone Loss in Periodontitis Models. J Dent Res 2021; 101:428-436. [PMID: 34715745 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211042830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are nonclassical T lymphocytes representing the major T-cell population at epithelial barriers. In the gingiva, γδ T cells are enriched in epithelial regions adjacent to the biofilm and are considered to regulate local immunity to maintain host-biofilm homeostatic interactions. This delicate balance is often disrupted resulting in the development of periodontitis. Previous studies in mice lacking γδ T cells from birth (Tcrd-/- mice) examined the impact of these cells on ligature-induced periodontitis. Data obtained from those studies proposed either a protective effect or no impact to γδ T cells in this setting. Here, we addressed the role of γδ T cells in periodontitis using the recently developed Tcrd-GDL mice, enabling temporal ablation of γδ T cells. Specifically, the impact of γδ T cells during periodontitis was examined in 2 modalities: the ligature model and the oral infection model in which the pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis was administrated via successive oral gavages. Ablation of γδ T cells during ligature-induced periodontitis had no impact on innate immune cell recruitment to the ligated gingiva. In addition, the number of osteoclasts and subsequent alveolar bone loss were unaffected. However, γδ T cells play a pathologic role during P. gingivalis infection, and their absence prevented alveolar bone loss. Further analysis revealed that γδ T cells were responsible for the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes to the gingiva following the exposure to P. gingivalis. γδ T-cell ablation also downregulated osteoclastogenesis and dysregulated long-term immune responses in the gingiva. Collectively, this study demonstrates that whereas γδ T cells are dispensable to periodontitis induced by the ligature model, they play a deleterious role in the oral infection model by facilitating pathogen-induced bone-destructive immune responses. On a broader aspect, this study highlights the complex immunopathologic mechanisms involved in periodontal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Barel
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Aizenbud
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Tabib
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Jaber
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Leibovich
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Horev
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - K Zubeidat
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Saba
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - L Eli-Berchoer
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - O Heyman
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Wilensky
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - I Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A H Hovav
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Balaji S, Cholan PK, Victor DJ. An emphasis of T-cell subsets as regulators of periodontal health and disease. J Clin Transl Res 2021; 7:648-656. [PMID: 34778595 PMCID: PMC8580519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of complex diseases like periodontitis is moderated by the balance in immune inflammatory responses. T-lymphocytes are immune cells that descend from the bone marrow. Furthermore, they develop in the thymus playing an indispensable role in adaptive immune responses. The periodontal microenvironment allows differentiation of various groups of T-lymphocytes such as CD4+ (Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg/Tfh/Th9/T22), CD8+ cells, gamma-delta (γd) T cells, or memory cells based on the current regional cytokine milieu to secrete distinct cytokines and other molecules required for resolution of inflammation or result in progression of the disease based on interactions among various cells. AIM The dynamism of T-lymphocytes in the immunopathogenesis of periodontal diseases resulting in tissue destruction is established but the mechanisms of immunoregulation that underpins periodontal disease progression are cumbersome. This review aims to understand the distinct types of T cells and their effector functions with their portrayal in periodontal disease. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS This review gives valuable insights on the possibility of predicting periodontal disease progression, on the management and its prognosis by evaluating specific cytokines of destructive T-cell phenotype, and on the future perspectives of therapeutic modalities including ways of modulating host immune and inflammatory responses to establish periodontal homeostasis and areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Balaji
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyanka K. Cholan
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Papotto PH, Yilmaz B, Silva-Santos B. Crosstalk between γδ T cells and the microbiota. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:1110-1117. [PMID: 34341528 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of the microbiota in the development and function of γδ T cells-a T cell subset characterized by a T cell receptor composed of one γ-chain and one δ-chain-has been investigated in multiple organs in mice and humans. Interactions between the microbiota and γδ T cells affect both tissue homeostasis and disease pathologies. Notably, microbiota-induced interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing-γδ T cells can mediate a range of immunological processes, from metabolic disorders to neuroinflammation via the gut-brain axis. However, the bidirectional interactions between γδ T cells and the microbiota have not been fully determined. In this Perspective, we dissect the roles of microbiota in modulating γδ T cell development and function, and evaluate the evidence for γδ T cell selection of commensal communities. We also discuss the potential implications of these cells in health and disease and the major open questions and research avenues in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Papotto
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- Department for BioMedical Research, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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42
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Zenobia C, Herpoldt KL, Freire M. Is the oral microbiome a source to enhance mucosal immunity against infectious diseases? NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:80. [PMID: 34078913 PMCID: PMC8172910 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal tissues act as a barrier throughout the oral, nasopharyngeal, lung, and intestinal systems, offering first-line protection against potential pathogens. Conventionally, vaccines are applied parenterally to induce serotype-dependent humoral response but fail to drive adequate mucosal immune protection for viral infections such as influenza, HIV, and coronaviruses. Oral mucosa, however, provides a vast immune repertoire against specific microbial pathogens and yet is shaped by an ever-present microbiome community that has co-evolved with the host over thousands of years. Adjuvants targeting mucosal T-cells abundant in oral tissues can promote soluble-IgA (sIgA)-specific protection to confer increased vaccine efficacy. Th17 cells, for example, are at the center of cell-mediated immunity and evidence demonstrates that protection against heterologous pathogen serotypes is achieved with components from the oral microbiome. At the point of entry where pathogens are first encountered, typically the oral or nasal cavity, the mucosal surfaces are layered with bacterial cohabitants that continually shape the host immune profile. Constituents of the oral microbiome including their lipids, outer membrane vesicles, and specific proteins, have been found to modulate the Th17 response in the oral mucosa, playing important roles in vaccine and adjuvant designs. Currently, there are no approved adjuvants for the induction of Th17 protection, and it is critical that this research is included in the preparedness for the current and future pandemics. Here, we discuss the potential of oral commensals, and molecules derived thereof, to induce Th17 activity and provide safer and more predictable options in adjuvant engineering to prevent emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo Freire
- Departments of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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43
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Zubeidat K, Hovav AH. Shaped by the epithelium - postnatal immune mechanisms of oral homeostasis. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:622-634. [PMID: 34083119 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The first encounter of mucosal barriers with the microbiota initiates host-microbiota feedback loops instructing the tailored development of both the immune system and microbiota at each mucosal site. Once established, balanced immunological interactions enable symbiotic relationships with the microbiota in adult life. This process has been extensively investigated in the mammalian monolayer epithelium-covered intestine and lung mucosae; however, the postnatal mechanisms engaged by the oral mucosa to establish homeostasis are currently being discovered. Here, we discuss the early life dialogue between the oral mucosa and the microbiota, with particular emphasis on the central role the multilayer epithelium plays to protect the oral mucosa. These intricate and unique postnatal immunological processes shape oral homeostasis, which can potentially affect buccal and systemic health in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Zubeidat
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi-Hai Hovav
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Zou H, Zhou N, Huang Y, Luo A, Sun J. Phenotypes, roles, and modulation of regulatory lymphocytes in periodontitis and its associated systemic diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:451-467. [PMID: 33884656 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3vmr0321-027rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease that can result in tooth loss and poses a risk to systemic health. Lymphocytes play important roles in periodontitis through multiple mechanisms. Regulatory lymphocytes including regulatory B cells (Bregs) and T cells (Tregs) are the main immunosuppressive cells that maintain immune homeostasis, and are critical to our understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontitis and the development of effective treatments. In this review, we discuss the phenotypes, roles, and modulating strategies of regulatory lymphocytes including Bregs and Tregs in periodontitis and frequently cooccurring inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer disease, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. The current evidence suggests that restoring immune balance through therapeutic targeting of regulatory lymphocytes is a promising strategy for the treatment of periodontitis and other systemic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Niu Zhou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilian Huang
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aoxiang Luo
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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45
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McGonagle D, Watad A, Sharif K, Bridgewood C. Why Inhibition of IL-23 Lacked Efficacy in Ankylosing Spondylitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:614255. [PMID: 33815371 PMCID: PMC8017223 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.614255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The term spondyloarthritis pertains to both axial and peripheral arthritis including ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), which is strongly linked to psoriasis and also the arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease. The argument supporting the role for IL-23 across the spectrum of SpA comes from 4 sources. First, genome wide associated studies (GWAS) have shown that all the aforementioned disorders exhibit IL-23R pathway SNPs, whereas HLA-B27 is not linked to all of these diseases-hence the IL-23 pathway represents the common genetic denominator. Secondly, experimental animal models have demonstrated a pivotal role for the IL-23/IL-17 axis in SpA related arthropathy that initially manifests as enthesitis, but also synovitis and axial inflammation and also associated aortic root and cutaneous inflammation. Thirdly, the emergent immunology of the human enthesis also supports the presence of IL-23 producing myeloid cells, not just at the enthesis but in other SpA associated sites including skin and gut. Finally, drugs that target the IL-23 pathway show excellent efficacy for skin disease, efficacy for IBD and also in peripheral arthropathy associated with SpA. The apparent failure of IL-23 blockade in the AS which is effectively a spinal polyenthesitis but evidence for efficacy of IL-23 inhibition for peripheral enthesitis in PsA and preliminary suggestions for benefit in axial PsA, raises many questions. Key amongst these is whether spinal inflammation may exhibit entheseal IL-17A production independent of IL-23 but peripheral enthesitis is largely dependent on IL-23 driven IL-17 production. Furthermore, IL-23 blocking strategies in animal models may prevent experimental SpA evolution but not prevent established disease, perhaps pointing towards a role for IL-23 in innate immune disease initiation whereas persistent disease is dependent on memory T-cell responses that drive IL-17A production independently of IL-23, but this needs further study. Furthermore, IL-12/23 posology in inflammatory bowel disease is substantially higher than that used in AS trials which merits consideration. Therefore, the IL-23 pathway is centrally involved in the SpA concept but the nuances and intricacies in axial inflammation that suggest non-response to IL-23 antagonism await formal definition. The absence of comparative immunology between the different skeletal sites renders explanations purely hypothetical at this juncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine ‘B’, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Kassem Sharif
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine ‘B’, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Charlie Bridgewood
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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46
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Su F, Jin L, Liu W. MicroRNA-125a Correlates with Decreased Psoriasis Severity and Inflammation and Represses Keratinocyte Proliferation. Dermatology 2021; 237:568-578. [PMID: 33735868 DOI: 10.1159/000510681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis has a complex etiology related to inflammation and dysregulated immune system. MicroRNA (miR)-125a is a miRNA intimately related to inflammation and immunity; therefore, we presumed that it might play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of miR-125a with disease severity and inflammation in psoriasis patients, and the effect of miR-125a on proliferation, apoptosis as well as its target signaling pathway in keratinocytes. METHODS Sixty psoriasis patients were consecutively recruited, then lesional and non-lesional skin tissue samples were collected. miR-125a in lesional and non-lesional skin tissues, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 mRNA expressions in lesional skin tissues were detected. Then, miR-125a overexpression, control overexpression, miR-125a knockdown and control knockdown plasmids were transfected into HaCaT cells. Subsequently, cell proliferation, apoptosis, IL-23R, JAK2, and STAT3 expressions were assessed. RESULTS miR-125a was reduced in lesional skin tissue compared with non-lesional skin tissue (p < 0.001), and it distinguished lesional skin tissue from non-lesional skin tissue with a high area under curve of 0.917 (95% CI 0.866-0.968). Negative association of miR-125a in lesional skin tissue with lesional body surface area (p = 0.037) and psoriasis area and severity index score (p < 0.001) was found. Additionally, miR-125a was negatively correlated with TNF-α (p = 0.001), IL-1β (p = 0.014), and IL-17 (p = 0.003) in lesional skin tissue. In cellular experiments, miR-125a overexpression inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis, while miR-125a knockdown enhanced proliferation and repressed apoptosis in HaCaT cells. Additionally, miR-125a negatively regulated the IL-23R/JAK2/STAT3 pathway in HaCaT cells. CONCLUSION miR-125a could facilitate the disease monitoring and probably has the potential to be a therapeutic target in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Su
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Dermatology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
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Hathaway-Schrader JD, Novince CM. Maintaining homeostatic control of periodontal bone tissue. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:157-187. [PMID: 33690918 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar bone is a unique osseous tissue due to the proximity of dental plaque biofilms. Periodontal health and homeostasis are mediated by a balanced host immune response to these polymicrobial biofilms. Dysbiotic shifts within dental plaque biofilms can drive a proinflammatory immune response state in the periodontal epithelial and gingival connective tissues, which leads to paracrine signaling to subjacent bone cells. Sustained chronic periodontal inflammation disrupts "coupled" osteoclast-osteoblast actions, which ultimately result in alveolar bone destruction. This chapter will provide an overview of alveolar bone physiology and will highlight why the oral microbiota is a critical regulator of alveolar bone remodeling. The ecology of dental plaque biofilms will be discussed in the context that periodontitis is a polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis. The pathogenesis of periodontal bone loss will be explained from both a historical and current perspective, providing the opportunity to revisit the role of fibrosis in alveolar bone destruction. Periodontal immune cell interactions with bone cells will be reviewed based on our current understanding of osteoimmunological mechanisms influencing alveolar bone remodeling. Lastly, probiotic and prebiotic interventions in the oral microbiota will be evaluated as potential noninvasive therapies to support alveolar bone homeostasis and prevent periodontal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chad M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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48
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Hajishengallis G, Lamont RJ. Polymicrobial communities in periodontal disease: Their quasi-organismal nature and dialogue with the host. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:210-230. [PMID: 33690950 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In health, indigenous polymicrobial communities at mucosal surfaces maintain an ecological balance via both inter-microbial and host-microbial interactions that promote their own and the host's fitness, while preventing invasion by exogenous pathogens. However, genetic and acquired destabilizing factors (including immune deficiencies, immunoregulatory defects, smoking, diet, obesity, diabetes and other systemic diseases, and aging) may disrupt this homeostatic balance, leading to selective outgrowth of species with the potential for destructive inflammation. This process, known as dysbiosis, underlies the development of periodontitis in susceptible hosts. The pathogenic process is not linear but involves a positive-feedback loop between dysbiosis and the host inflammatory response. The dysbiotic community is essentially a quasi-organismal entity, where constituent organisms communicate via sophisticated physical and chemical signals and display functional specialization (eg, accessory pathogens, keystone pathogens, pathobionts), which enables polymicrobial synergy and dictates the community's pathogenic potential or nososymbiocity. In this review, we discuss early and recent studies in support of the polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis model of periodontal disease pathogenesis. According to this concept, disease is not caused by individual "causative pathogens" but rather by reciprocally reinforced interactions between physically and metabolically integrated polymicrobial communities and a dysregulated host inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Wald S, Leibowitz A, Aizenbud Y, Saba Y, Zubeidat K, Barel O, Koren N, Heyman O, Wilharm A, Sandrock I, Fleissig O, Tal Y, Prinz I, Aizenbud D, Chaushu S, Hovav AH. γδT Cells Are Essential for Orthodontic Tooth Movement. J Dent Res 2021; 100:731-738. [PMID: 33478315 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520984774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained mechanical forces applied to tissue are known to shape local immunity. In the oral mucosa, mechanical stress, either naturally induced by masticatory forces or externally via mechanical loading during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), is translated, in part, by T cells to alveolar bone resorption. Nevertheless, despite being considered critical for OTM, depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is reported to have no impact on tooth movement, thus questioning the function of αβT cells in OTM-associated bone resorption. To further address the role of T cells in OTM, we first characterized the leukocytes residing in the periodontal ligament (PDL), the tissue of interest during OTM, and compared it to the neighboring gingiva. Unlike the gingiva, monocytes and neutrophils represent the major leukocytes of the PDL. These myeloid cells were also the main leukocytes in the PDL of germ-free mice, although at lower levels than SPF mice. T lymphocytes were more enriched in the gingiva than the PDL, yet in both tissues, the relative fraction of the γδT cells was higher than the αβ T cells. We thus sought to examine the role of γδT cells in OTM. γδT cells residing in the PDL were mainly Vγ6+ and produced interleukin (IL)-17A but not interferon-γ. Using Tcrd-GDL mice allowing conditional ablation of γδT cells in vivo, we demonstrate that OTM was greatly diminished in the absence of γδT cells. Further analysis revealed that ablation of γδT cells decreased early IL-17A expression, monocyte and neutrophil recruitment, and the expression of the osteoclastogenic molecule receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ ligand. This, eventually, resulted in reduced numbers of osteoclasts in the pressure site during OTM. Collectively, our data suggest that γδT cells are essential in OTM for translating orthodontic mechanical forces to bone resorption, required for relocating the tooth in the alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wald
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Leibowitz
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Aizenbud
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Saba
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - K Zubeidat
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - O Barel
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - N Koren
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - O Heyman
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Wilharm
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - I Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - O Fleissig
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Tal
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit and Internal Medicine Division, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - I Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - D Aizenbud
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - S Chaushu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A H Hovav
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Koren N, Zubeidat K, Saba Y, Horev Y, Barel O, Wilharm A, Heyman O, Wald S, Eli-Berchoer L, Shapiro H, Nadler C, Elinav E, Wilensky A, Prinz I, Bercovier H, Hovav AH. Maturation of the neonatal oral mucosa involves unique epithelium-microbiota interactions. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:197-209.e5. [PMID: 33412104 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal host-microbiota interplay governs mucosal homeostasis and is considered to have life-long health consequences. The intestine monolayer epithelium is critically involved in such early-life processes; nevertheless, the role of the oral multilayer epithelium remains ill defined. We demonstrate that unlike the intestine, the neonate oral cavity is immensely colonized by the microbiota that decline to adult levels during weaning. Neutrophils are present in the oral epithelium prenatally, and exposure to the microbiota postnatally further recruits them to the preamble neonatal epithelium by γδT17 cells. These neutrophils virtually disappear during weaning as the epithelium seals. The neonate and adult epithelium display distinct turnover kinetics and transcriptomic signatures, with neonate epithelium reminiscent of the signature found in germ-free mice. Microbial reduction during weaning is mediated by the upregulation of saliva production and induction of salivary antimicrobial components by the microbiota. Collectively, unique postnatal interactions between the multilayer epithelium and microbiota shape oral homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Koren
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Khaled Zubeidat
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yasmin Saba
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Horev
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Or Barel
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anneke Wilharm
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oded Heyman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon Wald
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luba Eli-Berchoer
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Shapiro
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chen Nadler
- Oral Medicine Department, Hebrew University, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Asaf Wilensky
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hillel Bercovier
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi-Hai Hovav
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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