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Lai TF, Chang CC, Hsueh MC, Koohsari MJ, Shibata A, Liao Y, Oka K. Association of 24-Hour movement behavior and cognitive function in older Taiwanese adults. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:60-66. [PMID: 38986430 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates how 24-hour movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary time, sleep) relate to cognitive performance in older adults. METHODS 213 adults (aged 65+) wore accelerometers to track activity. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Isotemporal substitution analysis examined how replacing one behavior with another affected cognition. RESULTS Increased light physical activity was linked to better cognitive function, whereas longer sleep had a negative impact. Replacing 30 min of sedentary behavior or sleep with light physical activity improved orientation, attention, language, and short-term memory. Substituting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity did not have the same cognitive benefit. CONCLUSION Encouraging older adults to replace sedentary time or excess sleep with light physical activity could support cognitive health and potentially help prevent dementia. These findings have implications for public health strategies promoting cognitive well-being in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Fu Lai
- Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea; Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Chang
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mohammad Javad Koohsari
- School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ai Shibata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Morgan KA, Desai RH, Trocinski CW, Hollingsworth H, Dashner J, Putnam M, Stark SL. The Relationship of Exercise, Psychosocial Factors, and Social Participation Among Adults Aging With Long-Term Physical Disability: A Cross-Sectional Study. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:683-691. [PMID: 38340072 PMCID: PMC11265260 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241233087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the relationships among exercise engagement, psychosocial factors, and social participation for adults aging with physical disabilities (AAwPD). DESIGN A cross-sectional study within a community-based cohort study of participation among AAwPD was conducted. SETTING A comprehensive survey was administered online or via telephone. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 474 individuals between the ages of 45-65, primarily living in the Midwestern United States, who reported living with a physical disability for at least 5 years. METHOD Survey questions created based on prior consolidation of activity domains assessed exercise engagement. Psychosocial health and social participation were measured using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and a general linear model were used to examine differences between exercisers and non-exercisers. RESULTS Participants who exercised reported less pain (P < .001), fatigue (P < .001), and depression (P < .001) and greater self-efficacy for management of chronic conditions (P = .002), satisfaction with participation in social roles and activities (P < .001), and ability to participate in social roles and activities (P < .001) compared with non-exercising participants. CONCLUSIONS AAwPD who exercised reported fewer secondary conditions and greater social participation. Although causal relationships cannot be drawn, and the frequency, duration, and intensity of exercise were not examined, this study lays important groundwork for future research to determine the health and participation benefits of exercise for AAwPD. Future studies should also focus on the development of exercise interventions to support successful aging with disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri A. Morgan
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Program in Occupational Therapy, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rachel Heeb Desai
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Program in Occupational Therapy, St. Louis, MO
| | - Courtney Weber Trocinski
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Program in Occupational Therapy, St. Louis, MO
| | - Holly Hollingsworth
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Program in Occupational Therapy, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jessica Dashner
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Program in Occupational Therapy, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Susan L. Stark
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Program in Occupational Therapy, St. Louis, MO
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dos Santos IK, Cobucci RN, de Medeiros JA, de Assis GG, de Medeiros RCDSC, Knackfuss MI, Cabral BGDAT, dos Santos RVT, Dantas PMS. Home-Based Indoor Physical Activity Programs for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Sports Health 2024; 16:377-382. [PMID: 37329120 PMCID: PMC11025514 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231175665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Home-based exercise programs are a good strategy to promote benefits to health for people who cannot visit gyms, clinics, or have limited time for physical activity outside. OBJECTIVE To synthesize the effect of home-based indoor physical activity on psychosocial outcomes and mobility in community-dwelling older adults. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive search was conducted in the MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. STUDY SELECTION A total of 11 studies (13 publications) were included involving a total of 1004 older adults. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted using the aforementioned 7 databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and determined the risk of bias and evidence level using the Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations (GRADE) guidelines. We conducted a synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) to assess the outcome. RESULTS There is moderately certain evidence that home-based exercise programs reduced the fear of falling. Psychosocial (mental health and quality of life) and mobility outcomes may improve after participating in the intervention inside the home. CONCLUSION The review found very low to certain evidence that home-based exercises programs improved psychosocial outcomes (mental health and quality of life) and walking speed (mobility). Moderately certain evidence suggests that home-based exercises improved fear of falling. PROTOCOL REGISTER NUMBER CRD42020182008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Kelly dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ney Cobucci
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology and Medical School, Universidade Potiguar (UnP), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Gilmara Gomes de Assis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sports, Gdansk, Poland, and Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Science, Poland
| | | | - Maria Irany Knackfuss
- Department of Physical Activity, State University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences and Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Goto T, Kishimoto T, Fujiwara S, Shirayama Y, Ichikawa T. Social frailty as a predictor of all-cause mortality and functional disability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3410. [PMID: 38341512 PMCID: PMC10858956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between social frailty and adverse health outcomes, especially mortality and functional disability, which are essential health outcomes, has not been systematically summarized or meta-analyzed. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of social frailty on all-cause mortality and functional disability, while addressing the components of social frailty. In this study, social frailty was operationally defined in alignment with the previous literature, as follows: "a state of increased vulnerability to the interactive back-and-forth of the community, including general resources, social resources, social behaviors, and needs." Hazard ratios or odds ratios described in each selected literature were used as the meta-analytic results. Considering the impact of social frailty on all-cause mortality, the hazard ratio was 1.96 (95% CI 1.20-3.19), indicating a significant association between the two but high heterogeneity. The hazard and odds ratios for the impact of social frailty on functional disability were 1.43 (95% CI 1.20-1.69) and 2.06 (95% CI 1.55-2.74), respectively. A significant association was found between social frailty and functional disability; both hazard and odds ratios were found, and low heterogeneity between these articles was observed. These results highlight the importance of assessing social frailty using more standardized methods and examining its effects on various health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Goto
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kishimoto
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiko Shirayama
- Department of Oral Health Science and Social Welfare, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ichikawa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
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Chen M, Cao X, Wang A, Zhu Y, Lu G, Zhang L, Shen L. A global perspective on risk factors for social isolation in community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 116:105211. [PMID: 37837787 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Older people's physical and mental health are now significantly impacted by social isolation, a major threat to public health. Our goal was to identify the connections between risk factors and social isolation among this population across various geographic areas. METHODS Seven databases were thoroughly searched, from their inception until April 2023. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to choose the studies. For the included cross-sectional studies, we used the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) to assess the probability of bias, and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the cohort studies. The statistical analysis was performed using STATA 15 to calculate pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI. RESULTS All 3043 papers were carefully examined, and 42 satisfied the criteria for inclusion. The results indicated that multi-domain risk factors and social isolation among older persons worldwide are significantly correlated. These multi-domain risk factors included biological factors, socioeconomic factors, and psychological and behavioral factors. It is also important to note that these factors may vary from region to region. CONCLUSION Many domain factors were linked to social isolation in older individuals living in communities throughout the world. To develop effective strategies for controlling social isolation, it is crucial to conduct assessments of social isolation risk factors in local communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqian Chen
- Department of Scientific Research, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China; School of Medicine and Nursing, Huzhou University,759 Erhuan East Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- School of Medicine and Nursing, Huzhou University,759 Erhuan East Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Afeng Wang
- School of Medicine and Nursing, Huzhou University,759 Erhuan East Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- School of Medicine and Nursing, Huzhou University,759 Erhuan East Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Guanzhen Lu
- Department of Scientific Research, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China; School of Medicine and Nursing, Huzhou University,759 Erhuan East Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Scientific Research, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, 1558 Sanhuan North Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Lijuan Shen
- School of Medicine and Nursing, Huzhou University,759 Erhuan East Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
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Tastan S, Bebis H. Psychometric properties of a Turkish version of the social activities scale for community-dwelling older people requiring support. Int J Older People Nurs 2024; 19:e12593. [PMID: 38268314 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social activities decelerate the deterioration of mental capacity in older people and improve their physical and psychosocial health. Valid and reliable measurement tools are needed to determine the social activity status of older people and plan health services to protect their mental health. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to adapt the Social Activities Scale for Community-Dwelling Older People Requiring Support (SASOS) into Turkish. METHODS This methodological study was conducted in Northern Cyprus between January and June 2022. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 155 community-dwelling older people who needed support. Expert opinion, item-content validity index, and scale-content validity index were used to evaluate content validity. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability tests were used to evaluate reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate construct validity. The Loneliness Scale for Elderly was used to evaluate concurrent validity. RESULTS The Cronbach's alpha of SASOS was 0.90. Additionally, correlation coefficients of all items ranged between 0.61 and 0.79. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure. 'Interactions with friends and neighbors' was the factor that explained the highest variance (46%). There was a negative, weak, and statistically significant relationship between the scores obtained from the social loneliness subscale of LSE and all three subscales of SASOS. CONCLUSIONS The Turkish version of SASOS is a valid, reliable instrument to evaluate social activities in community-dwelling older people who needed support. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The SASOS has been identified as a valuable measure for assessing the social support needs of older individuals. It serves as a guide for both planning and evaluating interventions to enhance their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Tastan
- Health Sciences Faculty, Nursing Department, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Hatice Bebis
- Health Sciences Faculty, Nursing Department, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
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Kim H, Kim G, Kim Y, Ha J. The Effects of ICT-Based Interventions on Physical Mobility of Older Adults: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2023; 2023:5779711. [PMID: 38020536 PMCID: PMC10656205 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5779711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted to integrate and analyze intervention studies dealing with the effects of information and communications technology- (ICT-) based interventions on the physical mobility of older adults in the community. The PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched for studies published from January 2000 to December 2022. We used the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool to evaluate the quality of the randomized controlled studies in the systematic review. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The model was used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for both effect measures. I2 tests were used to measure the presence of heterogeneity. Thirty-seven randomized controlled trials were included (2,419 intervention participants), of which 23 were included in the meta-analysis. ICT interventions significantly improved Timed Up and Go (TUG) as a marker of physical mobility variable in older adults (SMD = -0.33, 95% CI: -0.57 to -0.10, p=0.005, I2 = 74.7%). A sensitivity analysis was performed on subgroups, and interventions were found to be effective in improving TUG in the exergame group (SMD = -0.40, 95% CI: -0.72 to -0.08, p < 0.001, I2 = 75.0%) and in the exergame with virtual reality (VR) group (SMD = -0.33, 95% CI: -1.01 to 0.35, p < 0.001, I2 = 91.0%) but both groups showed high heterogeneity. A meta-analysis was also performed on Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) but statistically significant results were not found (SMD = -0.19, 95% CI: -0.61 to 0.23, p=0.375, I2 = 87.7%). For the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the post-intervention scores were significantly better than baseline (SMD = 1.52, 95% CI: 0.48 to 2.57, p=0.004, I2 = 93.5%). However, the number of studies included in the meta-analysis was small and heterogeneity was high, so follow-up studies are needed. This study confirmed that exergames, telecommunication, e-health, information applications, and robots were used as effective ICT-based interventions for improving the physical mobility of older adults. It is necessary to develop and apply more diverse ICT-based interventions that will prevent impairments of mobility and encourage older adults to live more independently, with a higher quality of life, based on extensive research on ICT-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyori Kim
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahye Kim
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonghun Kim
- Robotics Lab, Hyundai Motor Company, Uiwang 16082, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ha
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Green C, Beaney T, Salman D, Robb C, de Jager Loots CA, Giannakopoulou P, Udeh-Momoh C, Ahmadi-Abhari S, Majeed A, Middleton LT, McGregor AH. The impacts of social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical activity levels of over 50-year olds: The CHARIOT COVID-19 Rapid Response (CCRR) cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290064. [PMID: 37751448 PMCID: PMC10522032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify the associations between shielding status and loneliness at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and physical activity (PA) levels throughout the pandemic. METHODS Demographic, health and lifestyle characteristics of 7748 cognitively healthy adults aged >50, and living in London, were surveyed from April 2020 to March 2021. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short-form assessed PA before COVID-19 restrictions, and up to 6 times over 11 months. Linear mixed models investigated associations between shielding status and loneliness at the onset of the pandemic, with PA over time. RESULTS Participants who felt 'often lonely' at the outset of the pandemic completed an average of 522 and 547 fewer Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) minutes/week during the pandemic (95% CI: -809, -236, p<0.001) (95% CI: -818, -275, p<0.001) than those who felt 'never lonely' in univariable and multivariable models adjusted for demographic factors respectively. Those who felt 'sometimes lonely' completed 112 fewer MET minutes/week (95% CI: -219, -5, p = 0.041) than those who felt 'never lonely' following adjustment for demographic factors. Participants who were shielding at the outset of the pandemic completed an average of 352 fewer MET minutes/week during the pandemic than those who were not (95% CI: -432, -273; p<0.001) in univariable models and 228 fewer MET minutes/week (95% CI: -307, -150, p<0.001) following adjustment for demographic factors. No significant associations were found after further adjustment for health and lifestyle factors. CONCLUSIONS Those shielding or lonely at pandemic onset were likely to have completed low levels of PA during the pandemic. These associations are influenced by co-morbidities and health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conall Green
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Beaney
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Salman
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MSk Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Robb
- Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celeste A. de Jager Loots
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Parthenia Giannakopoulou
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Udeh-Momoh
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Ahmadi-Abhari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Public Health Directorate, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lefkos T. Middleton
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Public Health Directorate, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison H. McGregor
- MSk Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Noh HM, Choi YH, Wee JH, Song HJ, An HJ, Kim KJ, Lee SK, Jang MS, Yeon N. Association of age-related hearing loss, tinnitus, and chronic low back pain in middle-aged and older Korean adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291396. [PMID: 37682980 PMCID: PMC10490886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This was a cross-sectional study conducted to evaluate the association between hearing impairment and low back pain (LBP) using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 5,504 middle-aged and older Korean adults (aged ≥50 years old) who underwent plain radiography of the lumbar spine and pure tone audiometry were included. The presence of LBP was evaluated using a questionnaire, which included a question on whether the patient had experienced LBP that lasted for more than 30 days during the past three months. Patients with age-related hearing loss (ARHL) were defined as those with bilateral hearing impairment who met the following criteria: 1) normal otologic examination results, 2) average pure-tone hearing thresholds of ≤15 dB in both ears, and 3) no occupational noise exposure. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that ARHL was not associated with LBP (odds ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.94-1.89) after adjusting for potential confounders in the final model. However, when participants without both ARHL and tinnitus were defined as the reference group, the results showed that the participants with both ARHL and tinnitus were more likely to have LBP (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.11-3.11). These results indicate that ARHL with tinnitus is significantly associated with LBP. We recommend that elderly patients with ARHL and tinnitus increase their daily physical activities and engage in more muscle-strengthening exercises to prevent LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Mi Noh
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Yi Hwa Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jee Hye Wee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hong Ji Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hye-Ji An
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Keum Ji Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Min Soo Jang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Nayoung Yeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
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Laird E, Herring MP, Carson BP, Woods CB, Walsh C, Kenny RA, Rasmussen CL. Physical activity for depression among the chronically Ill: Results from older diabetics in the Irish longitudinal study on ageing. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115274. [PMID: 37270867 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Among chronically-ill older adults, the benefits of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are established. Comorbid depressive symptoms and Major Depression are prevalent among the chronically-ill, but how different doses of MVPA may protect against depression remains understudied. Thus, using 10 years of data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, we quantified longitudinal associations between MVPA doses and depressive symptoms and Major Depression among chronically-ill older adults living with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Continuous MVPA (MET.min.week-1), three dose and five dose MVPA categories were examined. Depressive symptoms and Major Depression were measured using the center for Epidemiological Studies Depression and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for Major Depressive Episode. Negative binomial regression and logistic models, adjusted for covariates, quantified associations across time. Among the 2,262 participants, those adhering to the WHO guidelines of 600-<1,200 MET.min.week-1 had 28% lower odds of Major Depression compared to those not achieving the guidelines (OR: 0.72; 95%CI: 0.53-0.98). For depressive symptoms, a higher MVPA dose was required with a 13% (IRR: 0.87; 95%CI: 0.82-0.93) lower rate of symptoms among those exceeding recommendations (1200-<2,400 MET.min.week-1). Interventions should focus on enhancing achievability of and compliance with these MVPA doses among the chronically-ill, including T2DM, to protect against depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon Laird
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, and Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland; The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Matthew P Herring
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, and Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland; The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian P Carson
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, and Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Catherine B Woods
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, and Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Cathal Walsh
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, and Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Ma C. Impact of Social Support on Physical Activity in Adults With Heart Failure: The Mediating Effect of Resilience. Clin Nurs Res 2023; 32:660-668. [PMID: 36217961 DOI: 10.1177/10547738221128700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of resilience and social support on physical activity in adults with heart failure (HF) and to explore the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between social support and physical activity. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 197 adults with HF (n = 197) from two outpatient departments for cardiovascular diseases. Resilience was assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, social support using the Social Support Rating Scale, and physical activity using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Social support and resilience were significantly associated with physical activity in adults with HF. Resilience partially mediated the relationship between social support and physical activity, and the mediating effect accounted for 25.93% of the total effect of social support on physical activity. These findings contribute to the development of tailored interventions by targeting these two factors to increase physical activity levels in adults with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Ma
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Khan SS, Gu T, Spinelli L, Wang RH. Sensor-based assessment of social isolation in community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:18. [PMID: 36849963 PMCID: PMC9969951 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Social isolation (SI) is a state of low social interaction with peers associated with various adverse health consequences in older adults living in the community. SI is most often assessed through retrospective self-reports, which can be prone to recall or self-report biases and influenced by stigma. Ambient and wearable sensors have been explored to objectively assess SI based on interactions of a person within the environment and physiological data. However, because this field is in its infancy, there is a lack of clarity regarding the application of sensors and their data in assessing SI and the methods to develop these assessments. To understand the current state of research in sensor-based assessment of SI in older adults living in the community and to make recommendations for the field moving forward, we conducted a scoping review. The aims of the scoping review were to (i) map the types of sensors (and their associated data) that have been used for objective SI assessment, and (ii) identify the methodological approaches used to develop the SI assessment. Using an established scoping review methodology, we identified eight relevant articles. Data from motion sensors and actigraph were commonly applied and compared and correlated with self-report measures in developing objective SI assessments. Variability exists in defining SI, feature extraction and the use of sensors and self-report assessments. Inconsistent definitions and use of various self-report scales for measuring SI create barriers to studying the concept and extracting features to build predictive models. Recommendations include establishing a consistent definition of SI for sensor-based assessment research and development and consider capturing its complexity through innovative domain-specific features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehroz S. Khan
- grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428KITE, University Health Network, 550, University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 2A2 Canada
| | - Tiancheng Gu
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1V7 Canada
| | - Lauren Spinelli
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1V7 Canada
| | - Rosalie H. Wang
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1V7 Canada
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13
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Tanikaga M, Uemura JI, Hori F, Hamada T, Tanaka M. Changes in Community-Dwelling Elderly's Activity and Participation Affecting Depression during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4228. [PMID: 36901238 PMCID: PMC10002372 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We determined the changes in the activity or participation of the community-dwelling elderly in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified the activities leading to depression. This will allow us to evaluate rehabilitation interventions that can be used to minimize or eliminate the negative impact of COVID-19 on today's community-dwelling elderly. Herein, demographics, activity or participation (Activity Card Sort-Japan version: ACS-JPN), the number of social networks (Lubben Social Network Scale: LSNS), and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale: GDS) were examined in 74 community-dwelling elderly in Japan from August to October 2020. A statistical analysis was conducted to determine the effect of demographics on GDS, LSNS, and ACS-JPN, to compare the activity retention rates of the four domains using ACS-JPN, and to extract the activities that might affect depression using a generalized linear model. The results show that the retention of leisure activity with a high physical demand (H-leisure) and sociocultural activities was significantly lower than instrumental activities of daily living and leisure activity with a low physical demand (L-leisure). L-leisure and the number of social networks were possible risk factors for depression during the pandemic. This study highlighted the importance of maintaining the number of L-leisure and social networks at home to prevent depression in community-dwelling elderly when they could not perform outdoor activities and direct interpersonal interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Tanikaga
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Uemura
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 1-1-20, Daiko-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Fumiko Hori
- Department of Nursing, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hamada
- College of Business Administration and Information Science, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Nihon Fukushi University, 26-2 Higashihaemi-cho, Handa 475-0012, Aichi, Japan
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14
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Yang M, An Y, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhao Q, Fan X. Relationship Between Physical Symptoms and Loneliness in Patients with Heart Failure: The Serial Mediating Roles of Activities of Daily Living and Social Isolation. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:688-693. [PMID: 36804525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the multiple mediation effects of activities of daily living and social isolation on the relationship between physical symptoms and loneliness in patients with heart failure. DESIGN We adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 303 patients with heart failure were recruited at 2 general hospitals in China from November 2019 to December 2020. METHODS Information on loneliness was assessed using the Loneliness Scale of the University of California at Los Angeles (version 3), physical symptoms were evaluated using the Symptom Status Questionnaire-Heart Failure, the Activity of Daily Living Scale was used to evaluate activities of daily living, the Lubben Social Network Scale was used to measure social isolation. The serial mediation model was examined using PROCESS macro in SPSS. RESULTS Of the 303 patients, 66.7% experienced mild loneliness and 21.8% experienced moderate or severe loneliness. Multiple mediation analysis showed that physical symptoms had a direct effect on loneliness (effect = 0.210; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.099-0.320) and the link between physical symptoms and loneliness through 3 indirect pathways: (1) activities of daily living (effect = 0.043; 95% CI 0.006‒0.086), accounting for 20.48% of the total effect; (2) social isolation (effect = 0.060; 95% CI 0.005‒0.120), accounting for 28.57% of the total effect; and (3) activities of daily living and social isolation in series (effect = 0.049; 95% CI 0.024‒0.081), accounting for 23.33% of the total effect. The total mediating effect was 72.38%. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Activities of daily living and social isolation sequentially mediated the relationship between physical symptoms and loneliness in patients with heart failure. Therefore, attention to reducing activities of daily living limitations and social isolation may be beneficial to reducing loneliness, apart from alleviating physical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yan An
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Mei Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiuting Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qiuge Zhao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhen Fan
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.
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15
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Weselman T, Naseri C, Vaz S, Beilby J, Garswood L, O'Connell H, Hill AM. Older adults' experiences of a community wellness program (Connect 60+) that focused on physical activity and social connections: a qualitative exploratory study. Aust J Prim Health 2023; 29:64-73. [PMID: 36323491 DOI: 10.1071/py22153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being physically active and socially connected is positively associated with healthy aging. Older adults living in the community may be at risk of social isolation and reduced physical activity, especially in recent times due to COVID-19. There are many programs that offer opportunities for evidence-based physical activity or social connection; however, there is a lack of programs that include both. The objective of this study was to explore the lived experience of older adults who participated in Connect 60+ - a program that promoted exercise and social activities - delivered from a community hub that could be attended either in person or online. METHODS A qualitative study that used descriptive phenomenology was conducted. A purposive sample of 13 older adults (age ≥65years) was recruited to take part in semistructured telephone interviews to discuss barriers and enablers to program engagement. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS The overarching theme was that participating in Connect 60+ was an enjoyable and encouraging experience for participants. The program enabled them to increase their physical activity and build social connections within their community. The main themes that enabled engagement were: (1) an enabling program design, (2) developing new connections in the community, and (3) experiencing motivation to engage. A few barriers were identified, including difficulties connecting online and lack of male attendance. CONCLUSIONS Wellness programs delivered in community hubs may facilitate older adults to increase their engagement in both physical and social activity. The program appeared to impact positively on participants' motivation, with some participants reporting that they had sustained their behaviour changes since program completion. To address identified barriers, easy to use online technology is recommended, and strategies to promote male attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Weselman
- The University of Western Australian, School of Allied Health, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Chiara Naseri
- The University of Western Australian, School of Allied Health, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; and Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sharmila Vaz
- The University of Western Australian, School of Allied Health, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Janet Beilby
- Curtin University, School of Allied Health, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Luke Garswood
- Connect Victoria Park, Victoria Park, WA 6100, Australia
| | | | - Anne-Marie Hill
- The University of Western Australian, School of Allied Health, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; and Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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16
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Gough C, Barr C, Lewis LK, Hutchinson C, Maeder A, George S. Older adults' community participation, physical activity, and social interactions during and following COVID-19 restrictions in Australia: a mixed methods approach. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:172. [PMID: 36698158 PMCID: PMC9875767 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing age of the global population, key components of healthy ageing including community, physical, and social participation continue to gain traction. However, management of the COVID-19 pandemic aimed to protect older adults and reduce the spread of the virus, this restricted community participation and reduced the opportunities for social interaction. METHODS This mixed methods study investigates community dwelling older adults' community participation; physical activity and social interaction prior to, during, and following the COVID-19 lockdown in Adelaide, Australia. Twenty-six community dwelling older adults were monitored over three time-points between November 2018 and October 2020, with Global Positioning Systems, accelerometry and self-reported diaries. In addition, nineteen participants completed semi-structured interviews. RESULTS Community participation varied across the three time points, with significant reduction in the number of trips taken out-of-home (p = 0.021), social interactions (p = 0.001) and sleep quality (p = 0.008) during restrictions. Five themes were identified to explain personal experiences of community participation during restrictions: (1) Reframing of meaning, (2) Redefining to maintain activities, (3) Revision of risk, (4) Reflection and renewal and (5) Future planning. CONCLUSION During COVID-19 the physical and social activities of community dwelling older adults changed. Services that support older adults to adapt their activities , considering their capacities and preferences, to facilitate community participation are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gough
- grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Flinders Digital Health Research Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chris Barr
- grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Flinders Digital Health Research Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lucy K Lewis
- grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Claire Hutchinson
- grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anthony Maeder
- grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Flinders Digital Health Research Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stacey George
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia. .,Flinders Digital Health Research Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia. .,Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
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17
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Park JH, Prochnow T, Amo C, Curran L, Smith ML. Differences in Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Mental Health of the Older Population in South Korea Based on Marital Status and Gender. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1726. [PMID: 36767094 PMCID: PMC9914888 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The primary purpose of the present study was to assess differences in physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and mental health (i.e., depression, suicidal thoughts, and cognitive function) by marital status (i.e., married and widowed) within an aging population in South Korea. PA, SB, and mental health were evaluated in 9092 older adults by comparing the married group (n = 5773, 73.2 ± 5.9 years, 63.5%) to the widowed group (n = 3319, 75.8 ± 6.8 years, 36.5%). Between-group differences in PA, SB, depression, and cognitive function were tested using independent t-tests, and the association between marital status and gender was evaluated using two-way ANOVA. Suicidal thoughts were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U-test. Older adults in the widowed group participated in significantly less PA (p < 0.001) and had higher SB (p < 0.001) per week, especially the widows, who had significantly less PA (p < 0.01) and had higher SB (p < 0.001) compared to married women. Participants in the widowed group experienced more depression (p < 0.001) and suicidal thoughts (p < 0.001) and had significantly lower cognitive function compared to participants in the married group (p < 0.001). Between the two groups, widowers were more vulnerable to all mental health factors compared to those in the married group. At the same time, widows were only more vulnerable to depression and cognitive function compared to women in the married group. Findings indicated that the presence of a spouse is strongly associated with higher PA levels, lower SB, and better mental health among older adults. Spouses are the primary social supports and play a major role in the health and emotional well-being of the aging population. Given the importance of the spouse, our study suggests that health educators working with older widows should prioritize several different forms of social support to benefit their physical and mental health.
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18
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Su H, Xu L, Yu H, Zhou Y, Li Y. Social isolation and intrinsic capacity among left-behind older adults in rural China: The chain mediating effect of perceived stress and health-promoting behavior. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1155999. [PMID: 37033030 PMCID: PMC10080141 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1155999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Strengthening and maintaining the intrinsic capacity (IC) of the older adults is the key to preventing and delaying disability and promoting healthy aging. Objective This study explores the relationship between social isolation, perceived stress, health promotion behavior, and IC of the left-behind older adults in rural areas and analyzes the chain mediating effect of perceived stress and health promotion behavior among social isolation and IC. Methods From March 2021 to May 2022, a multi-stage sampling method was used to recruit participants from rural areas in Heilongjiang Province, China. The data were collected by the simplified version of the Lubben Social Network Scale, the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-Chinese, and the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) screening tool. We used the PROCESS macro for SPSS to determine the mediating effect of perceived stress and health-promoting behavior between social isolation and IC. Result Social isolation score was positively correlated with health-promoting behavior (r = 0.78, p < 0.01) and IC (r = 0.67, p < 0.01), whereas it was negatively correlated with perceived stress (r = -0.63, p < 0.01). Perceived stress was negatively correlated with health-promoting behavior (r = -0.62, p < 0.01) and IC (r = -0.43, p < 0.01). The health-promoting behavior and IC were positively correlated (r = 0.56, p < 0.01). Bootstrapping values indicated that the chain-mediating effect of perceived stress and health-promoting behavior was statistically significant. Conclusion Consequently, to improve the IC of the left-behind older adults, we should focus more on reducing the degree of social isolation of the left-behind older adults and improving their perceived stress and health-promoting behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Su
- School of Nursing, University of Harbin Medical, Daqing Campus, Daqing, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- Medicine College, Lishui University, Lishui, China
| | - Hong Yu
- School of Nursing, University of Harbin Medical, Daqing Campus, Daqing, China
| | - Yuqiu Zhou
- School of Nursing, University of Harbin Medical, Daqing Campus, Daqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuqiu Zhou
| | - Yang Li
- School of Nursing, University of Harbin Medical, Daqing Campus, Daqing, China
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19
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Shpakou A, Sokołowska D, Krajewska-Kułak E, Cybulski M, Kowalewska B, Korpak F, Surkov S, Owoc J, Krakowiak J, Kowalczuk K. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity, life satisfaction, anxiety, stress perception and coping strategies in student-athletes: A comparison between Belarus and Poland-countries with a different approach of anti-pandemic measures. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1052744. [PMID: 36530658 PMCID: PMC9755163 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1052744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background More than two years of the COVID-19 pandemic has changed lives of people around the world and had a profound impact on the field of sports. This has resulted in decreased physical activity (PA) and changes in mental health. The goal was to assess self-reported physical activity, life satisfaction, perceived stress, choice of coping strategies and their correlations among student athletes from two neighboring countries facing different anti-pandemic strategies. Methods Cross-sectional surveys using standardized questionnaires: International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Mini-COPE) to compare 600 students from Physical Education and Sports departments of universities in Belarus (n = 333), where restrictions were found to be less stringent than in neighboring Poland (n = 267). Results Minor differences in physical activities between both countries indicate that student athletes have adapted fairly quickly and found ways to keep their PA at a fairly high level. Nevertheless, higher PA was reported in the group of student athletes from Belarus. PA levels correlated with life satisfaction, anxiety and stress levels. Female students from Poland reported lower satisfaction with their lives. Their perception of stress was twice as high as that of their Belarusian counterparts. The most common coping strategy in both groups was active coping. Polish respondents less frequently used strategies of avoiding problems and seeking outside support. Conclusion The level of physical activity and well-being of student athletes are associated with increased mental health and coping with stress. They also contribute to prevention of affective disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it is dependent on the country's anti-pandemic policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Shpakou
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland,*Correspondence: Andrei Shpakou
| | - Dorota Sokołowska
- Department of Physical Education and Tourism, University of Finance and Management, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Mateusz Cybulski
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Beata Kowalewska
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Filip Korpak
- Department of Recreation and Tourism, Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergei Surkov
- Department of Athletics, Swimming and Skiing, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Brest State A.S. Pushkin University, Brest, Belarus
| | - Jakub Owoc
- Department of Gerontology, Public Health and Education, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Krakowiak
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Krystyna Kowalczuk
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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20
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Thomas SM, Parker A, Fortune J, Mitchell G, Hezam A, Jiang Y, de Groh M, Anderson K, Gauthier-Beaupré A, Barker J, Watt J, Straus SE, Tricco AC. Global evidence on falls and subsequent social isolation in older adults: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062124. [PMID: 36175106 PMCID: PMC9528590 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls are a leading cause of injury-related hospitalizations among adults aged 65 years and older and may result in social isolation. OBJECTIVE To summarise evidence on falls and subsequent social isolation and/or loneliness in older adults through a scoping review. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies were eligible for inclusion if the population had a mean age of 60 years or older, they examined falls and subsequent social isolation, loneliness, fear of falling or risk factors and were primary studies (eg, experimental, quasi-experimental, observational and qualitative). SOURCES OF EVIDENCE MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Ageline and grey literature from inception until 11 January 2021. CHARTING METHODS A screening and charting form was developed and pilot-tested. Subsequently, two reviewers screened citations and full-text articles, and charted the evidence. RESULTS After screening 4993 citations and 304 full-text articles, 39 studies were included in this review. Participants had a history of falling (range: 11% to 100%). Most studies were conducted in Europe (44%) and North America (33%) and were of the cross-sectional study design (66.7%), in the community (79%). Studies utilised 15 different scales. Six studies examined risk factors for social isolation and activity restriction associated with fear of falling. Six studies reported mental health outcomes related to falls and subsequent social isolation. CONCLUSIONS Consistency in outcome measurement is recommended, as multiple outcomes were used across the included studies. Further research is warranted in this area, given the ageing population and the importance of falls and social isolation to the health of older adults. SCOPING REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER 10.17605/OSF.IO/2R8HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M Thomas
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Parker
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Fortune
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary Mitchell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Areej Hezam
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Jiang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kerry Anderson
- Centre for Health Promotion, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amélie Gauthier-Beaupré
- Centre for Health Promotion, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joan Barker
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Watt
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon E Straus
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea C Tricco
- Knowledge Translation Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Epidemiology Division and Institute for Health, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Weng LM, Wang R, Yang QH, Chang TT, Wu CC, Li WL, Du SH, Wang YC, Wang XQ. Effect of exercise intervention on social distance in middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic low back pain. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:976164. [PMID: 36072479 PMCID: PMC9441739 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.976164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIncreased social distance is one of the manifestations of social impairment. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of factors associated with increased social distance and social withdrawal. Exercise therapy is an effective means to social impairment. However, whether exercise could reduce social distance in patients with CLBP remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on social distance in middle-aged and elderly patients with CLBP.MethodsThe longitudinal intervention recruited 29 middle-aged and elderly patients with CLBP from various communities in Yangpu District, Shanghai, China. The participants received exercise intervention for 8 weeks. The assessments were conducted before and after the intervention, including social distance, pain intensity, unpleasantness of pain, Roland-Morris Questionnaire (RMDQ), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Intention to treat analysis was performed.ResultsAfter the 8-week exercise intervention, the social distance of patients with CLBP was shorter than that before intervention and showed significant difference (p < 0.05). The scores of pain intensity, unpleasantness of pain, RMDQ, SAS, and SDS also decreased and were significantly different between pre- and post-intervention (p < 0.05). In addition, the social distance, pain intensity, unpleasantness of pain, RMDQ, SAS, and SDS scores of the moderate CLBP group decreased more after the intervention compared with those of the mild CLBP group.ConclusionThe 8-week exercise intervention cannot only shorten the social distance in middle-aged and elderly patients with CLBP but also relieve pain, disability, and negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Man Weng
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Hao Yang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Tian Chang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Wu
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Long Li
- College of Chinese Wushu, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Hao Du
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangti Orthopedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-Qiang Wang,
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22
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Olano-Lizarraga M, Wallström S, Martín-Martín J, Wolf A. Causes, experiences and consequences of the impact of chronic heart failure on the person´s social dimension: A scoping review. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e842-e858. [PMID: 34918403 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a progressive and disabling condition that significantly impacts patients' daily lives. One of its effects is decreased opportunities to participate in social life, leading to reduced social interaction, loneliness, social isolation and lack of social support to continue with their daily life activities. This study aimed to explore the causes, experiences, and consequences of the impact of CHF on the social dimension of the person. According to the Arksey & O'Malley method, a scoping review of the literature was conducted to examine existing knowledge in the area, summarise existing evidence and identify gaps in the literature. The search was conducted in the PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 2010 to November 2021. Twenty-six articles were identified. The reasons why CHF influences the social dimension of the person were multifactorial and related to physical aspects, sociodemographics, lifestyle changes and the feelings experienced by these patients. Social relationships play a key role, and the benefits of good social relationships and the impact of poor or inadequate social support were identified. Furthermore, the influence of alterations in the social dimension on the CHF patient's clinical outcomes was described. This approach will help to detect and better understand the bidirectional influence that exists in each person between social isolation, relationships, and support life experiences, self-care activities, and morbi-mortality rates. These findings have shown the importance of detecting higher-risk groups and systematically assessing factors related to the social dimension in all patients with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddi Olano-Lizarraga
- School of Nursing, Adult Nursing Care, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Innovation for a Person-Centred Care Research Group (ICCP-UNAV), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Wallström
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesús Martín-Martín
- School of Nursing, Adult Nursing Care, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Innovation for a Person-Centred Care Research Group (ICCP-UNAV), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Axel Wolf
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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23
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Iliano E, Beeckman M, Latomme J, Cardon G. The GRANDPACT Project: The Development and Evaluation of an Intergenerational Program for Grandchildren and Their Grandparents to Stimulate Physical Activity and Cognitive Function Using Co-Creation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127150. [PMID: 35742392 PMCID: PMC9222701 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, increased attention has been devoted to intergenerational physical activity (PA) programs because they may have several benefits for both children and older adults (e.g., the reduction of ageism). An intergenerational PA program focusing on grandchildren and grandparents in a 'standard' family setting that combines PA and cognitive function is innovative and may hold potential for promoting PA and improving cognitive functioning in both grandchildren and grandparents. The aim of this study is to describe the protocol of the GRANDPACT (GRANDparents and GRANDchildren improve their Physical Activity and Cognitive functions using co-creaTion) Project, focusing on the development of an intergenerational, cognitively enriched, movement program for grandchildren and grandparents using the theoretical framework of the "Behaviour Change Wheel" in combination with a co-creation approach. Two co-creation trajectories will be organized to develop the program, followed by a pilot study to refine the program and an RCT with a pre-test (at baseline), a post-test (after 24 weeks), and a follow-up (after 36 weeks) to measure the outcomes of co-PA, cognitive functions, psychosocial well-being, and the quality of the family relationship ingrandchildren and grandparents. The outcomes will be measured using accelerometry for PA, the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) for cognitive functions, and questionnaires for the psychological well-being and quality of the family relationship. Co-development with end-users and stakeholders during both co-creation trajectories is expected to result in an effective, attractive, and feasible program. Co-PA is expected to improve PA, cognitive functioning, psychosocial well-being, and the quality of the family relationships between grandchildren and grandparents.
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24
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Harman B, Dessart G, Puke L, Philippe RA. Coping and Resilience Among Endurance Athletes During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:811499. [PMID: 35664192 PMCID: PMC9161140 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.811499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 lockdowns constrained the training opportunities of athletes resulting in physical and mental hardship. In this study, athletes involved in the outdoor endurance sports of running, cycling or swimming were recruited through Facebook groups and using online mailing lists. The final sample (n = 3,551) consisted of 576 female respondents (16.2%), and 2,975 male respondents (83.8%). The mean age of participants was 44.13 years (min = 16, max = 83, and SD = 9.84). An online survey was designed to measure variables relevant to athletes' mental health; resilience and emotion regulation strategies; mobility restrictions; training routines; personal involvement in endurance sports; age; gender; and country of residence. Overall, the results of our study indicate that during lockdown, decreases in training volume, lower lockdown-specific resilience, and holding more negative perceptions about lockdown mobility restrictions (perceived strictness) all contributed to perceived barriers to training. In the analysis, athletes' relative observance of mobility restrictions was controlled for. Athletes exhibiting high personal commitment to their sports displayed: greater lockdown resilience, a greater use of adaptive coping strategies, and lower levels of perceived barriers to training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Harman
- Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Grégory Dessart
- Institute for Social Sciences of Religions, FTSR, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liene Puke
- Service of Adult Psychiatry North-West, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Ho KC, Gupta P, Fenwick EK, Man RE, Gan AT, Lamoureux EL. Association between age-related sensory impairment with sarcopenia and its related components in older adults: a systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:811-823. [PMID: 35229470 PMCID: PMC8977955 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory impairments and sarcopenia are both highly prevalent age-related conditions, with the former having been postulated to contribute to the pathogenesis of the latter condition. Confirming this hypothesis may therefore help to better inform strategies for early treatment and intervention of sarcopenia. We performed a systematic review of the current literature examining the relationships between four major sensory impairments [vision (VI), hearing (HI), smell (SI), and taste (TI)] with (i) sarcopenia; and (ii) its associated components (low handgrip strength, slow gait speed, and low muscle mass). PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for observational studies investigating the relationship of VI, HI, SI, and TI with sarcopenia, low handgrip strength, slow gait speed, and low muscle mass, in adults aged 50 years or older, from inception until 24 May 2021. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. This study was registered with PROSPERO, reference CRD42021247967. Ten cross-sectional and three longitudinal population-based studies of community-dwelling adults (N = 68 235) were included, with five studies investigating more than one sensory impairment. In total, 8, 6, 3, and 1 studies investigated the relationship between VI, HI, SI, and TI and sarcopenia and its related components, respectively. Follow-up duration for the longitudinal studies ranged from 4 to 11 years. All studies had a low or moderate risk of bias. We found that the presence of VI and SI, but not TI, independently increased the odds of sarcopenia. In addition, VI and SI were each independently associated with low muscle mass; and VI, HI, and SI were each independently associated with slow gait speed. However, we found inconclusive evidence for the associations between VI, HI and SI, and low handgrip strength. Our systematic review suggests a potential association between the presence of single or multiple sensory impairments and a greater likelihood of sarcopenia and/or deficits in its associated components, especially for VI, HI, and SI. Prospective studies are needed to untangle the relationship between sensory impairment and sarcopenia to better inform clinical guidelines for disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Chun Ho
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI)Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore
- Discipline of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of HealthUniversity of CanberraAustralia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUNSW SydneyAustralia
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI)Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore
- Duke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore
| | - Eva K. Fenwick
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI)Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore
- Duke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore
| | - Ryan E.K. Man
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI)Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore
- Duke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore
| | - Alfred T.L. Gan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI)Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore
| | - Ecosse L. Lamoureux
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI)Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore
- Duke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore
- Department of OphthalmologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Surgery and MedicineUniversity of MelbourneAustralia
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26
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Li K, Tang F. The Role of Solitary Activity in Moderating the Association between Social Isolation and Perceived Loneliness among U.S. Older Adults. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2022; 65:252-270. [PMID: 34339352 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2021.1958115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation has been recognized as a critical public health problem. As the most vulnerable population, older adults are disproportionately affected by social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purposes of this study were to examine the association between social isolation and loneliness among U.S. older adults and to explore the moderating effect of solitary activity by using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Social isolation was measured by six indicators, including marital status, living arrangement, social participation in any clubs or social organizations, and the frequency of social contact with children, family members, and friends. Loneliness was assessed by eleven questions derived from the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Solitary activity included 11 types of activities that respondents could perform alone with limited or no social interaction. Results from the multivariate regression analyses indicated that unmarried status and lower frequency of social contact were associated with more perceived loneliness. Solitary activity significantly moderated the negative effects of the low frequency of social contact with family members on loneliness. The findings implicate that social work programs and interventions can aim to expand social networks and provide more opportunities for solitary activities, particularly for isolated older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fengyan Tang
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Pilcher JJ, Dorsey LL, Galloway SM, Erikson DN. Social Isolation and Sleep: Manifestation During COVID-19 Quarantines. Front Psychol 2022; 12:810763. [PMID: 35082732 PMCID: PMC8784377 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.810763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although researchers have investigated the impact of social isolation on well-being, the recent quarantines due to COVID-19 resulted in a social isolation environment that was unique to any examined in the past. Because sleep is one of the endogenous drives that impacts short and long-term health and well-being, it is important to consider how social isolation during the COVID-19 government-mandated quarantines affected sleep and sleep habits. A number of researchers have addressed this question during the last 2 years by examining several concepts related to possible changes in sleep during the quarantines. To best understand these recent results, the current mini review provides a background on the pre-pandemic literature on the effects of social isolation and loneliness with a focus on sleep and then summarizes the recent literature on sleep and sleep habits. In general, sleep was negatively impacted for many people during the pandemics but not all. One group that seemed to benefit from the pandemic in terms of sleep patterns, were younger people who could more easily adapt their sleep times to match their internal chronobiology. Given the potential broad impact of sleep on health and well-being, better understanding how social isolation impacts sleep is an important consideration for individuals, work organizations, and governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- June J. Pilcher
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
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28
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Ingram J, Hand CJ, Hijikata Y, Maciejewski G. Exploring the effects of COVID-19 restrictions on wellbeing across different styles of lockdown. Health Psychol Open 2022; 9:20551029221099800. [PMID: 35547558 PMCID: PMC9081023 DOI: 10.1177/20551029221099800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Countries have instigated different restrictions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. For instance, nationwide, strict "lockdown" in Scotland was enacted with breaches punishable by law, whereas restrictions in Japan allowed for travel and interaction, with citizens requested rather than required to conform. We explored the impact of these differential strategies on health behaviours and wellbeing. In February 2021, 138 Scottish and 139 Japanese participants reported their demographic information, pandemic-induced health behaviour-change (alcohol consumption, diet, perceived sleep quality, physical activity), negative mood, and perceived social isolation. Scottish participants' health behaviours were characterised by greater change (typically negative), most likely due to greater lifestyle disruption, whereas Japanese participants' behaviours were more-stable. Negative changes to health behaviours were typically associated with poorer mental wellbeing and isolation. Interestingly though, Japanese participants reported greater negative mood but not isolation despite the less-restrictive lockdown. Taken together, different lockdown styles led to different changes in health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ingram
- School of Education and Social Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | | | - Yuko Hijikata
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Greg Maciejewski
- School of Education and Social Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
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29
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Lin H, Ren H. The Influence of Interpersonal Behaviors and Population Density on Grip Strength of Elderly People: An Analysis of the Direct vs. Indirect Effects via Social Participation. Front Public Health 2021; 9:755695. [PMID: 34957015 PMCID: PMC8702431 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.755695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of social participation (SP) on the health of the elderly has been widely recognized, and urban-rural differences in social participation have attracted attention. However, few studies discussed the impact of social participation on specific health indicators and the further subdivision of urban-rural differences. This research aims to use the dimensions of interpersonal behaviors and population density rather than simple urban-rural distinctions to justify community differences and compare these differences' direct and indirect effects on grip strength. This study used 15,871 respondents aged over 50 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). An SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) analysis was used to explore the joint effect of interpersonal behavior and population density on social participation and the consequent impact on changes in grip strength and compare the differences among different genders, ages, wealth levels, and family relationships. The results indicated that community differences characterized by interpersonal behavior and population density have direct effects on grip strength and indirect effects on it through social participation. The conclusion is that the frequency of social activities, such as mah-jong and dancing in the Metropolitan Fringe and county-level cities is higher than that in Metropolitan centers. The high frequency of these activities has a positive and indirect impact on grip strength, and community differences have a more significant impact on women's social participation than men. However, the direct effect of community differences as defined by interpersonal communication and population density on grip strength is greater than the indirect effect of other factors through social participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Lin
- Business School, Dalian University of Foreign Languages, Dalian, China
| | - Haijun Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Dalian Municipal Friendship Hospital, Dalian, China
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30
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Carbone JT, Clift J, Wyllie T, Smyth A. Housing Unit Type and Perceived Social Isolation Among Senior Housing Community Residents. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 62:889-899. [PMID: 34919687 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnab184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Social isolation, and its associated health implications, is an important issue for older adults in the United States. To date, there has been limited study of the pathways that connect these two factors. The present study expands on previous models by linking factors related to the built environment-in the form of housing unit type-to perceived social isolation among those living independently in dedicated senior housing. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The causal inference technique of inverse probability weighting with regression adjustment was employed to assess the impact of living in a townhome-style unit, as opposed to in an apartment building, on self-reported perceived social isolation (N = 1,160). RESULTS Individuals who lived in townhome-style housing reported 10.4% lower probability of experiencing social isolation as a result of living in a townhome-style unit as opposed to an apartment building-style unit. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS The findings provide evidence for the conceptual model that characteristics specific to a given housing unit type may create conditions that exacerbate or buffer individuals from experiencing social isolation. This, in turn, has important implications for the targeting of interventions for social isolation. Policy considerations related to the type of affordable senior housing being built should also be informed by these findings. Additionally, future research should better explicate the role of housing unit type on mental and emotional health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Carbone
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer Clift
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tom Wyllie
- Presbyterian Villages of Michigan, Southfield, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy Smyth
- Presbyterian Villages of Michigan, Southfield, Michigan, USA
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31
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Boekhout JM, Volders E, Bolman CAW, de Groot RHM, Lechner L. Long-Term Effects on Loneliness of a Computer-Tailored Intervention for Older Adults With Chronic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Aging Health 2021; 33:865-876. [PMID: 33962517 PMCID: PMC8641036 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211015027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This study explores the effects of the Active Plus intervention aiming to decrease loneliness among older adults (>65 years) with chronic diseases. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was performed (N = 585; age: M = 74.5 years, SD = 6.4), assessing loneliness at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Outcome measures in the multilevel linear regression analyses were total, social and emotional loneliness. Results: At 12 months, significant decreases in total (B = -.37, p = .01) and social loneliness (B = -.24, p = .02) were found. Age was a significant moderator for total and social loneliness; however, the intervention was effective only for participants aged 80 years and older. Discussion: The Active Plus intervention showed a significant decrease in total and social loneliness and was especially beneficial for the vulnerable age group of 80 years and older. A more comprehensive tool for measuring social activity and mobility impairments, and using a longer time frame to detect loneliness changes, may form interesting future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Boekhout
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Esmee Volders
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Renate H. M. de Groot
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (School NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian Lechner
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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32
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Cheng X, Cosco TD, Ariyo T. Decreasing Social Isolation to Enhance Mental Health among Older Adults in China: A Mediation Analysis of Aging Attitude. Front Psychol 2021; 12:735740. [PMID: 34630248 PMCID: PMC8499704 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.735740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of literature has examined the relationship between social isolation and mental health in older adults. However, only a few studies have examined the mediating effects of aging attitudes on this relationship. This study investigated the impact of objective isolation (family isolation, friend isolation, and community isolation), and subjective social isolation (perceived isolation) on the mental health of Chinese older adults, and the mediating effect of aging attitudes. Mental health was assessed through depressive symptoms, using the Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The research sample comprising 7,024 elderly adults (60 years old), was obtained from the nationally representative 2014 Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey. The regression analysis indicated that objective social isolation and subjective social isolation are independently related to mental health among older adults. Furthermore, in the mediation analysis, aging attitude was found to play a significant mediating role between social isolation and mental health. Our study concludes that though, objective and subjective social isolation are issues affecting mental health in older people, however, aging attitude also needs to be factored in that relationship as we have shown that there is a significant mediating effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Cheng
- School of Economics and Management, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an, China
| | - Theodore D. Cosco
- Department of Gerontology, Gerontology Research Center, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tolulope Ariyo
- Institute for Population and Development Studies, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Older adults with age-related hearing loss (ARHL) are at greater risk of falling and have greater mobility problems than older adults with normal hearing (NH). The underlying cause of these associations remains unclear. One possible reason is that age-related declines in the vestibular system could parallel those observed in the auditory system within the same individuals. Here, we compare the sensitivity of vestibular perceptual abilities (psychophysics), vestibular end-organ functioning (vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and video head impulse tests), and standing balance (posturography) in healthy older adults with and without ARHL. DESIGN A total of 46 community-dwelling older adults, 23 with ARHL and 23 with NH, were passively translated in heave (up and down) and rotated in pitch (tilted forward and backward) in the dark using a motion platform. Using an adaptive staircase psychophysical procedure, participants' heave and pitch detection and discrimination thresholds were determined. In a posturography task, participants' center of pressure (COP) path length was measured as they stood on a forceplate with eyes open and closed, on firm and compliant surfaces, with and without sound suppression. Baseline motor, cognitive, and sensory functioning, including vestibular end-organ function, were measured. RESULTS Individuals with ARHL were less sensitive at discriminating pitch movements compared to older adults with NH. Poorer self-reported hearing abilities were also associated with poorer pitch discrimination. In addition to pitch discrimination thresholds, lower pitch detection thresholds were significantly associated with hearing loss in the low-frequency range. Less stable standing balance was significantly associated with poorer vestibular perceptual sensitivity. DISCUSSION These findings provide evidence for an association between ARHL and reduced vestibular perceptual sensitivity.
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Hwang EJ, Sim IO. The structural equation modeling of personal aspects, environmental aspects, and happiness among older adults living alone: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:479. [PMID: 34481453 PMCID: PMC8418737 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The happiness of older adults living alone warrants attention because they are more vulnerable to unhappiness than those living with families. The present study aimed to construct and test a structural equation model to elucidate the relationship among participation in social activities, satisfaction with the neighborhood environment, subjective health status, and happiness in older adults living alone in South Korea. Methods Secondary data of 2768 older adults (605 males and 2163 females) living on their own were extracted from the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey and used in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected via self-reported questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and AMOS version 20.0. Results The hypothetical model exhibited a good fit: χ2 = 342.06 (df = 58, p < .001), goodness-of-fit index = .98, adjected goodness-of-fit index = .97, root mean square error of approximation = .04, and nonstandard fit index = .92. Participation in social activities had a significant effect on participants’ subjective health status (path coefficient = .45, p = .001) and happiness (path coefficient = .20, p = .003). Conclusions Interventions to improve the health and happiness of older adults living alone should aim to enhance their social and physical environmental dimensions based on the participants’ various social activities and their neighborhoods’ characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Hwang
- Department of Nursing, Sehan University, 1113 Noksaek-ro, Samho-eup, Yeongam-gun, Jeollanam-do, 58447, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ok Sim
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Wu F, Sheng Y. Social isolation and health-promoting behaviors among older adults living with different health statuses: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Sci 2021; 8:304-309. [PMID: 34307779 PMCID: PMC8283714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe the characteristics and relationships of social isolation and health promoting behaviors of Chinese older adults with different health statuses. Methods Totally 485 older adults were recruited. They were divided into three groups based on their health status: healthy group (n = 72), group with one disease (n = 183) and group with multimorbidity (n = 230). Lubben Social Network Scale-6 and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II were used to measure their social isolation and health-promoting behaviors, respectively. Results Among the aged with one disease or multimorbidity, 30.6% (56/183) and 31.7% (73/230) were socially isolated, respectively, based on the score of the Lubben Social Network Scale-6. The three groups differed significantly in health-promoting behaviors and scores on several subscales. The group with multimorbidity exhibited more social isolation and fewer health-promoting behaviors than other groups. Social isolation was among the factors adversely affecting health-promoting behaviors in older adults. Conclusions Health care providers should help older adults with multimorbidity preserve the remaining abilities to improve health-promoting behaviors. Meanwhile, it is important to support healthy older adults to increase self-responsibility to achieve healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Sheng
- School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author.
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Daban F, Garcia-Subirats I, Porthé V, López M, de-Eyto B, Pasarín MI, Borrell C, Artazcoz L, Pérez A, Díez E. Improving mental health and wellbeing in elderly people isolated at home due to architectural barriers: A community health intervention. Aten Primaria 2021; 53:102020. [PMID: 33774346 PMCID: PMC8039551 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2021.102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the health effects of a community health intervention on older people who are isolated at home due to mobility problems or architectural barriers, to identify associated characteristics and to assess participants' satisfaction. DESIGN Quasi-experimental before-after study. SETTING Five low-income neighbourhoods of Barcelona during 2010-15. PARTICIPANTS 147 participants, aged ≥59, living in isolation due to mobility problems or architectural barriers were interviewed before the intervention and after 6 months. INTERVENTION Primary Health Care teams, public health and social workers, and other community agents carried out a community health intervention, consisting of weekly outings, facilitated by volunteers. MEASUREMENTS We assessed self-rated health, mental health using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and quality of life through the EuroQol scale. Satisfaction with the programme was evaluated using a set of questions. We analysed pre and post data with McNemar tests and fitted lineal and Poisson regression models. RESULTS At 6 months, participants showed improvements in self-rated health and mental health and a reduction of anxiety. Improvements were greater among women, those who had not left home for ≥4 months, those with lower educational level, and those who had made ≥9 outings. Self-rated health [aRR: 1.29(1.04-1.62)] and mental health improvements [β: 2.92(1.64-4.2)] remained significant in the multivariate models. Mean satisfaction was 9.3 out of 10. CONCLUSION This community health intervention appears to improve several health outcomes in isolated elderly people, especially among the most vulnerable groups. Replications of this type of intervention could work in similar contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Daban
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Irene Garcia-Subirats
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Porthé
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - MªJosé López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - M Isabel Pasarín
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Borrell
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Artazcoz
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Pérez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elia Díez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Sharma RK, Chern A, Golub JS. Age-Related Hearing Loss and the Development of Cognitive Impairment and Late-Life Depression: A Scoping Overview. Semin Hear 2021; 42:10-25. [PMID: 33883788 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) has been connected to both cognitive decline and late-life depression. Several mechanisms have been offered to explain both individual links. Causal and common mechanisms have been theorized for the relationship between ARHL and impaired cognition, including dementia. The causal mechanisms include increased cognitive load, social isolation, and structural brain changes. Common mechanisms include neurovascular disease as well as other known or as-yet undiscovered neuropathologic processes. Behavioral mechanisms have been used to explain the potentially causal association of ARHL with depression. Behavioral mechanisms include social isolation, loneliness, as well as decreased mobility and impairments of activities of daily living, all of which can increase the risk of depression. The mechanisms underlying the associations between hearing loss and impaired cognition, as well as hearing loss and depression, are likely not mutually exclusive. ARHL may contribute to both impaired cognition and depression through overlapping mechanisms. Furthermore, ARHL may contribute to impaired cognition which may, in turn, contribute to depression. Because ARHL is highly prevalent and greatly undertreated, targeting this condition is an appealing and potentially influential strategy to reduce the risk of developing two potentially devastating diseases of later life. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanistic relationship between ARHL, depression, and impaired cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul K Sharma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Alexander Chern
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Justin S Golub
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Longitudinal Examination of Leisure-Time Physical Activity (LTPA), Participation, and Social Inclusion Upon Joining a Community-based LTPA Program for Adults With Physical Disabilities. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 102:1746-1754. [PMID: 33781779 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE First, to examine whether participants reported changes in (1) leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) participation and social inclusion variables and (2) well-being outcomes before and after joining a community-based LTPA program for adults with physical disabilities. Second, to explore the longitudinal relationship between LTPA and the other aforementioned outcomes. DESIGN A double baseline longitudinal design with measurements at 4-6 weeks (baseline 1) and immediately (baseline 2) before and 2 and 4 months after joining the community-based LTPA program. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS Adults (N=43) with a physical disability who reported no cognitive impairment, were new members of the community-based LTPA program, and spoke English or French. INTERVENTIONS A community-based physical activity program for adults with physical disabilities. Participants were provided an individualized exercise program and accessed the program at designated times during the week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary: LTPA (LTPA Questionnaire for People with Spinal Cord Injury), participation (Patient-Perceived Participation in Daily Activities Questionnaire), and social inclusion. Secondary: depression severity, self-esteem, resilience, and life satisfaction. RESULTS After joining the program, participants reported an increase in total LTPA (meanbaseline2, 177.80±211.32; mean2months, 299.31±298.70; mean4months, 288.14±292.14), moderate-to-vigorous LTPA (meanbaseline2, 83.95±123.95; mean2months, 142.00±198.38; mean4months, 163.23±182.08), and participation in health (meanbaseline2, 6.24±1.16; mean2months, 6.58±1.25; mean4months, 6.97±0.82) and family-related activities (meanbaseline2, 12.18±2.43; mean2months, 12.60±2.30; mean4months, 13.47±2.01). A significant increase (β=3.46, P<.001) in social inclusion before joining the program was followed by a decrease (β=-1.09, P<.05) 4 months later. Improvements related to depression severity were noted (βbaseline1-baseline2=-1.51, P<.05; βbaseline2-4 months=-0.28, P>.05). CONCLUSIONS The results support the role of a community-based LTPA program in increasing LTPA levels and enhancing participation in some activities among adults with physical disabilities.
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Hwang EJ, Sim IO. Association of living arrangements with happiness attributes among older adults. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:100. [PMID: 33541268 PMCID: PMC7860621 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Korea, along with the rapid aging of the population, older adults’ living arrangements have changed in various ways. In particularly, the happiness of older adults living alone warrants attention because they are more vulnerable to unhappiness than those living with families are. This study reports on the level of happiness among older adults in Korean and examines the potential mediating roles of depressive symptoms, present health status, socio-physical environment, social support networks, and social activities, and happiness in three different living arrangements, older adults living alone, with their spouse, or with their family. Method Data for this study were extracted from the secondary data from the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey, a non-experimental, cross-sectional survey conducted among Korean individuals that were aged 65 and above (n = 14,687). The chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and Logistic regression were used to explore the related factors of happiness among the three groups. Results Findings revealed a significant difference in the happiness index among older adults living alone (6.22 ± 2.11), older adults living with their spouse (6.76 ± 1.99), and older adults living with their family (6.46 ± 1.94) (F = 88.69, p < .001). As the result of logistic regression, older adults living alone (odds ratio (OR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.57–0.99) and those living with their family (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.65–0.99) demonstrated greater happiness as the frequency of contact with their family increased. Older adults living with their spouse indicated an increase in happiness when their contact with friends was higher (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.56–0.84). Conclusion It was recognized that factors influencing happiness differed according to older adults’ living arrangements, thus suggesting that older adults’ happiness could be facilitated through interventions that consider their circumstances, including living arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Hwang
- Department of Nursing, Sehan University, 1113 Samho-eup, Yeongam-gun, Jeollanam-do, 58447, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ok Sim
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung- Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Wei J, Hou R, Xie L, Chandrasekar EK, Lu H, Wang T, Li C, Xu H. Sleep, sedentary activity, physical activity, and cognitive function among older adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2014. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 24:189-194. [PMID: 33032913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to estimate the association of sleep, sedentary activity and physical activity with cognitive function among older adults, with consideration of the competing nature between variables of activity status. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS A total of 3086 older adults (60 years or older) in the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure self-reported time for sedentary activity, walking/bicycling and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Cognitive function was examined using the CERAD Word Learning subtest (memory), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (executive function/processing speed), and Animal Fluency Test (language). Sleep duration was obtained via interview. Isotemporal substitution models using multivariable linear regression were applied to examine the associations of replacing sleep, sedentary activity, walking/bicycling, MVPA with each other and cognitive function, stratified by sleep duration per night (≤7h, >7h). RESULTS Among participants with sleep duration ≤7h/night, replacing 30min/day of sedentary activity with 30min/day of MVPA or 30min/day was associated with better cognition. Among participants with sleep duration >7h/night, replacing 30min/day of sleep with 30min/day of sedentary activity, walking/bicycling, or MVPA was associated with better cognition. CONCLUSIONS Replacing sedentary activities with MVPA was associated with favorable cognitive function among older adults sleeping no longer than 7h/night, and replacing excessive sleep with sedentary or physical activities was associated with favorable cognition. Future research is expected to examine the associations of replacing different activity status on long-term cognitive outcomes in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkai Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Ruixue Hou
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Liyang Xie
- Medical Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Haidong Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Tiansheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hanzhang Xu
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Ingram J, Maciejewski G, Hand CJ. Changes in Diet, Sleep, and Physical Activity Are Associated With Differences in Negative Mood During COVID-19 Lockdown. Front Psychol 2020; 11:588604. [PMID: 32982903 PMCID: PMC7492645 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The United Kingdom and Scottish governments instigated a societal lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequently, many experienced substantial lifestyle changes alongside the stresses of potentially catching the virus or experiencing bereavement. Stressful situations and poorer health behaviors (e.g., higher alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, poorer sleep quality, physical inactivity) are frequently linked to poor mental health. Our objective was to examine changes in health behaviors and their relationship with negative mood during COVID-19 lockdown. We also considered associations between health behaviors and socio-demographic differences and COVID-19-induced changes. 399 participants completed a questionnaire asking about their personal situation and health behaviors during lockdown as well as a negative mood scale. The significance threshold for all analyses was α = 0.05. Poorer diet was linked to more-negative mood, and to changes to working status. Poorer sleep quality was linked with more-negative mood, and with 'shielding' from the virus. Being less physically active was related to more-negative mood and student status, whereas being more physically active was linked to having or suspecting COVID-19 infection within the household. Increased alcohol consumption was linked to living with children, but not to negative mood. Changes to diet, sleep quality, and physical activity related to differences in negative mood during COVID-19 lockdown. This study adds to reports on poor mental health during lockdown and identifies lifestyle restrictions and changes to health behaviors which may, to some extent, be responsible for higher negative mood. Our data suggests that it is advisable to maintain or improve health behaviors during pandemic-associated restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ingram
- School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Maciejewski
- School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Hand
- Department of Psychology, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Kim YO, Lee W, Kim H, Cho Y. Social isolation and vulnerability to heatwave-related mortality in the urban elderly population: A time-series multi-community study in Korea. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105868. [PMID: 32593050 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies have reported that social isolation is one of the important health risk factors in the elderly population living in urban areas, its effects on vulnerability to heatwaves have been studied relatively less than climatic and other socio-economic factors. Thus, we investigated the association between social isolation levels and heatwave-related mortality risk in the elderly population in 119 urban administrative districts in Korea, using a time-series multi-city dataset (2008-2017). We used a two-stage analysis. In the first stage, we estimated the heatwave-related mortality risk in the elderly population (age ≥ 65) for each district using a time-series regression with a distributed lag model. Subsequently, in the second stage, we applied meta-regressions to pool the estimates across all the districts and estimate the association between social isolation variables and heatwave-related mortality risk. Our findings showed that higher social gathering and mutual aid levels were associated with lower heatwave-related mortality risk. Further, the lower percentage of single elderly households living in detached houses was also related to higher heatwave-related mortality risk. The associations were generally more evident in males compared to females. Our findings suggest that vulnerability to heatwave-related mortality among the urban, city-dwelling, elderly population may be amplified by higher isolation indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ook Kim
- Population Research Lab, Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Whanhee Lee
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngtae Cho
- Population Research Lab, Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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The effect of voluntary wheel running on the antioxidant status is dependent on sociability conditions. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 198:173018. [PMID: 32827504 PMCID: PMC7438373 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Voluntary wheel running is widely used as a physical activity (PA) model in rodents, but most studies investigate the beneficial effects of this intervention in socially isolated mice. Social isolation stress (SIS) is associated with vulnerability to oxidative stress and reduced mitochondrial activity. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of free access to a running wheel for 21 days on the various markers of the cellular redox/antioxidant status as well as mitochondrial function of mice subjected to SIS or maintained in groups of 3 in the homecage. SIS increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels in the cerebral cortex, and PA intervention was not able to reverse such alteration. PA reduced TBARS levels in the liver of grouped mice and gastrocnemius of socially isolated mice. PA increased nonprotein thiol (NPSH) levels in the cerebral cortex of grouped mice. Furthermore, socially isolated mice presented lower glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the cerebellum and gastrocnemius, and glutathione reductase (GR) activity in the cerebral cortex and liver. By contrast, SIS induced higher GPx activity in the cerebral cortex and heart. PA reduced GPx (cerebral cortex) and GR (cerebral cortex and liver) activities of socially isolated mice. SIS caused higher activity of mitochondrial complexes I and II in the cerebral cortex, and the PA paradigm was not able to alter this effect. Interestingly, the PA produced antidepressant-like effect at both SIS and control groups. In conclusion, the results showed the influence of SIS for the effects of PA on the antioxidant status, but not on the mitochondrial function and emotionality. PA intervention produces antioxidant responses dependent on sociability conditions. SIS induces mitochondria function and antioxidant defense abnormalities. Running produces antidepressant-like behavior and does not change the ambulation. The distance travelled on the running wheel is correlated with immobility time in the TST. The lipoperoxidation index is negatively correlated with time spent on the running wheel.
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Haibach-Beach P, McNamera S, Lieberman L. Home-based balance pilot intervention for adults with visual impairments. BRITISH JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0264619620935937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Older adults with visual impairments face many barriers to being physically active in their communities, which include their risk of suffering serious falls due to poor balance. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a home-based intervention upon gait, balance, and well-being with older adults with visual impairments. A total of 17 adults with visual impairments above the age of 55 participated and were placed into either the experimental or the control group. All participants were assessed on well-being, balance, and gait. Experimental group participants attended balance workshops and received exercise equipment and a balance intervention manual. Following eight weeks, both groups were tested, and the experimental group was reassessed five months following the intervention. Four separate 2 × 2 mixed model analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to test for significant main effects and interactions related to their baseline and posttest scores for the four tests completed. Both groups improved their gait ( p = .006). Although not significant, the experimental group improved across the tests, and maintained their balance abilities scores 5 months after the intervention was delivered. A home-based exercise program can be an effective means for improving balance and gait in older adults with visual impairments.
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de Koning J, Richards S, Stathi A. Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Rural-Living Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:467-477. [PMID: 31860831 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional, observational study examined whether objectively measured physical activity (PA) and specific activities are associated with loneliness and social isolation (SI) in rural-living older adults. A total of 112 participants (Mage = 72.8 [SD = 6.6], 51.8% female) from 23 villages in Wiltshire, United Kingdom, completed questionnaires, 7-day accelerometry, and activity diaries. Regression analysis was used to test associations between objectively measured light PA, moderate to vigorous PA, and total PA; loneliness; and SI from family, neighbors, or friends and to explore these associations using specific activities. Daily mean light, moderate to vigorous, and total PA were not associated with loneliness or SI. Volunteering, accompanying others, and sports/exercise were associated with lower SI from neighbors (odds ratio = 0.23, 95% CI [0.06, 0.91]), family (odds ratio = 0.39, 95% CI [0.22, 0.68]), and friends (odds ratio = 0.56, 95% CI [0.33, 0.97]), respectively. There were no associations between loneliness, SI, and objectively measured PA. The contribution of PA to loneliness and SI needs to be further investigated with larger and diverse samples of rural-living older adults.
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A tale of two pandemics: How will COVID-19 and global trends in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior affect one another? Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 64:108-110. [PMID: 32277997 PMCID: PMC7194897 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Nagarajan D, Lee DCA, Robins LM, Haines TP. Risk factors for social isolation in post-hospitalized older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 88:104036. [PMID: 32113012 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social isolation in older adults is associated with high rates of adverse health outcomes. Older adults who have had a recent significant health event are likely to be at risk of social isolation following hospitalization. This study aims to identify risk factors amongst older adults at hospital discharge that are associated with social isolation at three months post-hospitalization. METHODS Older adults were surveyed at hospital discharge and three months post-hospitalization. Baseline data including demographics, self-reported quality of life, physical activity and capacity levels, lifestyle factors, symptoms of depression and anxiety were collected at discharge. Social isolation was measured using the Friendship Scale at the three-month follow-up. Regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between baseline characteristics and social isolation at three months post-hospitalization. RESULTS Older adults (n = 311) participated in the baseline survey, of whom 241 (78 %) completed the three-month survey. Higher depressive and anxiety symptoms at hospital discharge, comorbidity of cancer, history of cigarette smoking, prior access to community and respite service, and arrangement for shopping assistance post-discharge were factors independently associated with an increased risk of social isolation at three months post-hospitalization. DISCUSSION This study identified risk factors for social isolation that are unique to older post-hospitalized adults. These findings can help clinicians identify individuals at risk of social isolation and to target interventions that address these risk factors for the prevention of social isolation in older adults after hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharani Nagarajan
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Moorooduc Highway, Frankston, VIC 3199, Australia.
| | - Den-Ching A Lee
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Moorooduc Highway, Frankston, VIC 3199, Australia.
| | - Lauren M Robins
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Moorooduc Highway, Frankston, VIC 3199, Australia.
| | - Terry P Haines
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Moorooduc Highway, Frankston, VIC 3199, Australia.
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Sims-Gould J, Franke T, Lusina-Furst S, McKay HA. Community health promotion programs for older adults: What helps and hinders implementation. Health Sci Rep 2019; 3:e144. [PMID: 32166190 PMCID: PMC7060897 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Despite the many known health benefits of physical activity (PA), older adults are the least active citizens in many countries. Regular PA significantly decreases the odds of functional limitation and social disengagement. However, there is a dearth of publicly funded support services for older adults. The primary objective of this study is to conduct a formative evaluation to examine the implementation of community‐driven health promotion programs for older adults in British Columbia, Canada. Methods The Active Aging Grant (AAG) initiative funded 30 community‐based organizations in British Columbia to design and deliver community‐driven health promotion programs for older adults, with an explicit focus on PA and social connectedness. Guided by the Framework for Successful Implementation, we recruited program coordinators and participants and used semistructured interview guides to focus on design, delivery, and experience within the program. Framework analysis was used with NVivo 11. Results Thirty‐six in‐depth, semistructured interviews were conducted in 2017, after program completion. Data saturation was achieved after interviewing 10 coordinators and 26 program participants from seven of the organizations. Eighteen were female; nine were male; 68% fell in the age range of 65‐84. We detail the innovation characteristics, provider characteristics, and contextual factors that facilitate and impede program implementation. Aspects that facilitate implementation include that they promote PA, foster social connectedness, and address isolation and loneliness; personal accountability; affordability; program design; providers' appropriate skills; community collaborations; and transportation support. Aspects that hinder implementation include lack of resources for marketing and communications, lack of volunteers and dedicated staff, and access to transportation. We also highlight two themes that emerged outside the theoretical framework, the roles of gender and funding in program implementation. Conclusions As part of a formative evaluation, the information will help adapt and enhance implementation of a larger scale‐out intervention aimed to increase PA and social connectedness amongst older adults in British Columbia, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanie Sims-Gould
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Thea Franke
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Sarah Lusina-Furst
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Heather A McKay
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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Sims-Gould J, McKay HA, Hoy CL, Nettlefold L, Gray SM, Lau EY, Bauman A. Factors that influence implementation at scale of a community-based health promotion intervention for older adults. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1619. [PMID: 31795995 PMCID: PMC6889455 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the many known benefits of physical activity (PA), relatively few older adults are active on a regular basis. Older adult PA interventions delivered in controlled settings showed promising results. However, to achieve population level health impact, programs must be effectively scaled-up, and few interventions have achieved this. To effectively scale-up it is essential to identify contextual factors that facilitate or impede implementation at scale. Our aim is to describe factors that influence implementation at scale of a health promotion intervention for older adults (Choose to Move). This implementation evaluation complements our previously published study that assessed the impact of Choose to Move on older adult health indicators. Methods To describe factors that influenced implementation our evaluation targeted five distinct levels across a socioecological continuum. Four members of our project team conducted semi-structured interviews by telephone with 1) leaders of delivery partner organizations (n = 13) 2) recreation managers (n = 6), recreation coordinators (n = 27), activity coaches (n = 36) and participants (n = 42) [August 2015 – April 2017]. Interviews were audio-recorded and professionally transcribed and data were analyzed using framework analysis. Results Partners agreed on the timeliness and need for scaled-up evidence-based health promotion programs for older adults. Choose to Move aligned with organizational priorities, visions and strategic directions and was deemed easy to deliver, flexible and adaptable. Partners also noted the critical role played by our project team as the support unit. However, partners noted availability of financial resources as a potential barrier to sustainability. Conclusions Even relatively simple evidence-based interventions can be challenging to scale-up and sustain. To ensure successful implementation it is essential to align with multilevel socioecological perspectives and assess the vast array of contextual factors that are at the core of better understanding successful implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanie Sims-Gould
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 7F-2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Heather A McKay
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 7F-2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Christa L Hoy
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 7F-2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Lindsay Nettlefold
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 7F-2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Samantha M Gray
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 7F-2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Erica Y Lau
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 7F-2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Adrian Bauman
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Physical Impairments Disrupt the Association Between Physical Activity and Loneliness: A Longitudinal Study. J Aging Phys Act 2019; 27:787-796. [DOI: 10.1123/japa.2018-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the association between physical activity (PA), loneliness, and the presence of physical chronic impairments among single older adults. A longitudinal study (N = 575; mean age 76 ± 8 years) was conducted. The association between self-reported weekly minutes of moderate to vigorous PA, loneliness, and presence of physical impairments was assessed with multilevel analyses at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Improvements in moderate to vigorous PA were associated with decreases in loneliness (B = −0.09, SE = 0.04, p = .020); this association became nonsignificant when including the presence of physical impairments in the analyses (p = .824), which in itself was positively associated with loneliness (B = 0.51, SE = 0.10, p < .001). Findings indicate that physical impairments have a larger influence on loneliness than the level of PA. Interventions targeting PA and loneliness should tailor specifically to physical impairments.
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