1
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Gao TX, Liang Y, Li J, Zhao D, Dong BJ, Xu C, Zhao WD, Li X, Zhao CS. Knockout of neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 ameliorates neuroinflammation and motor deficit after traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 382:114983. [PMID: 39357591 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a predominant cause of long-term disability in adults, yet the molecular mechanisms underpinning the neuropathological processes associated with it remain inadequately understood. Neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1, also known as p47phox) is one of the cytosolic components of NADPH oxidase NOX2. In this study, we observed a reduction in the volume of TBI-induced brain lesions in NCF1-knockout mice compared to controls. Correspondingly, the neuronal loss induced by TBI was mitigated in the NCF1-knockout mice. Behavioral analysis also demonstrated that the motor coordination deficit following TBI was mitigated by the depletion of NCF1. Mechanistically, our findings revealed that NCF1 deficiency attenuated TBI-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting the release of proinflammatory factors and reducing neutrophil infiltration into the brain parenchyma. Additionally, our results indicated that NCF1 deficiency significantly decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils. Taken together, our findings indicate that NCF1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of brain injury and secondary inflammation post-TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xu Gao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Department of Developmental Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Bai-Jun Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Laboratory, Xilinguole Central Hospital, Xilinhot 026000, China.
| | - Wei-Dong Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hohhot Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot 110000, China.
| | - Chuan-Sheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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2
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Li J, Wang C, Xiao W, Chen Y, Tu J, Wan F, Deng K, Li H. TRAF Family Member 4 Promotes Cardiac Hypertrophy Through the Activation of the AKT Pathway. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028185. [PMID: 37642020 PMCID: PMC10547335 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a major cause of heart failure morbidity. The complex mechanism of intermolecular interactions underlying the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy has led to a lack of development and application of therapeutic methods. Methods and Results Our study provides the first evidence that TRAF4, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family, acts as a promoter of cardiac hypertrophy. Here, Western blotting assays demonstrated that TRAF4 is upregulated in cardiac hypertrophy. Additionally, TRAF4 deletion inhibits the development of cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model after transverse aortic constriction surgery, whereas its overexpression promotes phenylephrine stimulation-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, RNA-seq analysis revealed that TRAF4 promoted the activation of the protein kinase B pathway during cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, we found that inhibition of protein kinase B phosphorylation rescued the aggravated cardiomyocyte hypertrophic phenotypes caused by TRAF4 overexpression in phenylephrine-treated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, suggesting that TRAF4 may regulate cardiac hypertrophy in a protein kinase B-dependent manner. Conclusions Our results revealed the regulatory function of TRAF4 in cardiac hypertrophy, which may provide new insights into developing therapeutic and preventive targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryHuanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze UniversityHuanggangChina
| | - Chang‐Quan Wang
- Department of NeurologyHuanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze UniversityHuanggangChina
| | - Wen‐Chang Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryHuanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze UniversityHuanggangChina
- Huanggang Institute of Translational MedicineHuanggangChina
| | - Yun Chen
- Clinical Trial CentersHuanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze UniversityHuanggangChina
| | - Jun Tu
- Huanggang Institute of Translational MedicineHuanggangChina
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of NeurologyHuanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze UniversityHuanggangChina
- Huanggang Institute of Translational MedicineHuanggangChina
| | - Ke‐Qiong Deng
- Huanggang Institute of Translational MedicineHuanggangChina
- Department of CardiologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Huo‐Ping Li
- Department of CardiologyHuanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze UniversityHuanggangChina
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3
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You SL, Jiang XX, Zhang GR, Ji W, Ma XF, Zhou X, Wei KJ. Molecular Characterization of Nine TRAF Genes in Yellow Catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and Their Expression Profiling in Response to Edwardsiella ictaluri Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098363. [PMID: 37176078 PMCID: PMC10179116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) is an economic fish with a large breeding scale, and diseases have led to huge economic losses. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) are a class of intracellular signal transduction proteins that play an important role in innate and adaptive immune responses by mediating NF-κB, JNK and MAPK signaling pathways. However, there are few studies on the TRAF gene family in yellow catfish. In this study, the open reading frame (ORF) sequences of TRAF1, TRAF2a, TRAF2b, TRAF3, TRAF4a, TRAF4b, TRAF5, TRAF6 and TRAF7 genes were cloned and identified in yellow catfish. The ORF sequences of the nine TRAF genes of yellow catfish (Pf_TRAF1-7) were 1413-2025 bp in length and encoded 470-674 amino acids. The predicted protein structures of Pf_TRAFs have typically conserved domains compared to mammals. The phylogenetic relationships showed that TRAF genes are conserved during evolution. Gene structure, motifs and syntenic analyses of TRAF genes showed that the exon-intron structure and conserved motifs of TRAF genes are diverse among seven vertebrate species, and the TRAF gene family is relatively conserved evolutionarily. Among them, TRAF1 is more closely related to TRAF2a and TRAF2b, and they may have evolved from a common ancestor. TRAF7 is quite different and distantly related to other TRAFs. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that all nine Pf_TRAF genes were constitutively expressed in 12 tissues of healthy yellow catfish, with higher mRNA expression levels in the gonad, spleen, brain and gill. After infection with Edwardsiella ictaluri, the expression levels of nine Pf_TRAF mRNAs were significantly changed in the head kidney, spleen, gill and brain tissues of yellow catfish, of which four genes were down-regulated and one gene was up-regulated in the head kidney; four genes were up-regulated and four genes were down-regulated in the spleen; two genes were down-regulated, one gene was up-regulated, and one gene was up-regulated and then down-regulated in the gill; one gene was up-regulated, one gene was down-regulated, and four genes were down-regulated and then up-regulated in the brain. These results indicate that Pf_TRAF genes might be involved in the immune response against bacterial infection. Subcellular localization results showed that all nine Pf_TRAFs were found localized in the cytoplasm, and Pf_TRAF2a, Pf_TRAF3 and Pf_TRAF4a could also be localized in the nucleus, uncovering that the subcellular localization of TRAF protein may be closely related to its structure and function in cellular mechanism. The results of this study suggest that the Pf_TRAF gene family plays important roles in the immune response against pathogen invasion and will provide basic information to further understand the roles of TRAF gene against bacterial infection in yellow catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Li You
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin-Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gui-Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fa Ma
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kai-Jian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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4
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Shannon N, Gravelle R, Cunniff B. Mitochondrial trafficking and redox/phosphorylation signaling supporting cell migration phenotypes. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:925755. [PMID: 35936783 PMCID: PMC9355248 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.925755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell signaling cascades is critical in making sure the response is activated spatially and for a desired duration. Cell signaling cascades are spatially and temporally controlled through local protein phosphorylation events which are determined by the activation of specific kinases and/or inactivation of phosphatases to elicit a complete and thorough response. For example, A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) contribute to the local regulated activity protein kinase A (PKA). The activity of kinases and phosphatases can also be regulated through redox-dependent cysteine modifications that mediate the activity of these proteins. A primary example of this is the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the inactivation of the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) phosphatase by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, the local redox environment must play a critical role in the timing and magnitude of these events. Mitochondria are a primary source of ROS and energy (ATP) that contributes to redox-dependent signaling and ATP-dependent phosphorylation events, respectively. The strategic positioning of mitochondria within cells contributes to intracellular gradients of ROS and ATP, which have been shown to correlate with changes to protein redox and phosphorylation status driving downstream cellular processes. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between subcellular mitochondrial positioning and intracellular ROS and ATP gradients that support dynamic oxidation and phosphorylation signaling and resulting cellular effects, specifically associated with cell migration signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Shannon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology Program, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Randi Gravelle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology Program, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology Program, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
- *Correspondence: Brian Cunniff,
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5
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Ruan X, Zhang R, Li R, Zhu H, Wang Z, Wang C, Cheng Z, Peng H. The Research Progress in Physiological and Pathological Functions of TRAF4. Front Oncol 2022; 12:842072. [PMID: 35242717 PMCID: PMC8885719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.842072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) is a member of the TRAF protein family, a cytoplasmic bridging molecule closely associated with various immune functions. The physiological processes of TRAF4 are mainly involved in embryonic development, cell polarity, cell proliferation, apoptosis, regulation of reactive oxygen species production. TRAF4 is overexpressed in a variety of tumors and regulates the formation and development of a variety of tumors. In this review, we summarize the physiological and pathological regulatory functions of TRAF4 and focus on understanding the biological processes involved in this gene, to provide a reference for further studies on the role of this gene in tumorigenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Ruan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, National Cancer Center Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Canfei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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6
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Gissler MC, Stachon P, Wolf D, Marchini T. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Associated Factors (TRAFs) in Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:826630. [PMID: 35252400 PMCID: PMC8891542 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.826630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF receptor associated factors (TRAFs) represent a family of cytoplasmic signaling adaptor proteins that regulate, bundle, and transduce inflammatory signals downstream of TNF- (TNF-Rs), interleukin (IL)-1-, Toll-like- (TLRs), and IL-17 receptors. TRAFs play a pivotal role in regulating cell survival and immune cell function and are fundamental regulators of acute and chronic inflammation. Lately, the inhibition of inflammation by anti-cytokine therapy has emerged as novel treatment strategy in patients with atherosclerosis. Likewise, growing evidence from preclinical experiments proposes TRAFs as potent modulators of inflammation in atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation. Yet, TRAFs show a highly complex interplay between different TRAF-family members with partially opposing and overlapping functions that are determined by the level of cellular expression, concomitant signaling events, and the context of the disease. Therefore, inhibition of specific TRAFs may be beneficial in one condition and harmful in others. Here, we carefully discuss the cellular expression and signaling events of TRAFs and evaluate their role in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. We also highlight metabolic effects of TRAFs and discuss the development of TRAF-based therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Colin Gissler
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Peter Stachon
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dennis Wolf
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Kim MJ, Ha SJ, So BR, Kim CK, Kim KM, Jung SK. NADPH Oxidase and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Are Promising Targets of Phytochemicals for Ultraviolet-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121909. [PMID: 34943012 PMCID: PMC8750051 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin acts as the primary defense organ that protects the body from the external environment. Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Skin carcinogenesis is usually caused by cell degeneration due to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which causes changes in various signaling networks, disrupting the homeostasis of single skin cells. In this review, we summarize the roles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we describe the crosstalk that exists between NOX, EGFR, and protein tyrosine phosphatase κ and its oncogenic downstream signaling pathways. Chemoprevention is the use of chemical compounds to recover the healthy status of the skin or delay cancer development. Current evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies on chemopreventive phytochemicals that target NOX, EGFR, or both, as major regulators of skin carcinogenesis will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.J.K.); (B.R.S.)
| | - Su Jeong Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Bo Ram So
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.J.K.); (B.R.S.)
| | - Chang-Kil Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-M.K.); (S.K.J.); Tel.: +82-53-950-5711 (K.-M.K.); +82-53-950-7764 (S.K.J.)
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.J.K.); (B.R.S.)
- Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-M.K.); (S.K.J.); Tel.: +82-53-950-5711 (K.-M.K.); +82-53-950-7764 (S.K.J.)
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8
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de Pins B, Mendes T, Giralt A, Girault JA. The Non-receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pyk2 in Brain Function and Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:749001. [PMID: 34690733 PMCID: PMC8527176 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.749001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyk2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase highly enriched in forebrain neurons. Pyk2 is closely related to focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which plays an important role in sensing cell contacts with extracellular matrix and other extracellular signals controlling adhesion and survival. Pyk2 shares some of FAK’s characteristics including recruitment of Src-family kinases after autophosphorylation, scaffolding by interacting with multiple partners, and activation of downstream signaling pathways. Pyk2, however, has the unique property to respond to increases in intracellular free Ca2+, which triggers its autophosphorylation following stimulation of various receptors including glutamate NMDA receptors. Pyk2 is dephosphorylated by the striatal-enriched phosphatase (STEP) that is highly expressed in the same neuronal populations. Pyk2 localization in neurons is dynamic, and altered following stimulation, with post-synaptic and nuclear enrichment. As a signaling protein Pyk2 is involved in multiple pathways resulting in sometimes opposing functions depending on experimental models. Thus Pyk2 has a dual role on neurites and dendritic spines. With Src family kinases Pyk2 participates in postsynaptic regulations including of NMDA receptors and is necessary for specific types of synaptic plasticity and spatial memory tasks. The diverse functions of Pyk2 are also illustrated by its role in pathology. Pyk2 is activated following epileptic seizures or ischemia-reperfusion and may contribute to the consequences of these insults whereas Pyk2 deficit may contribute to the hippocampal phenotype of Huntington’s disease. Pyk2 gene, PTK2B, is associated with the risk for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Studies of underlying mechanisms indicate a complex contribution with involvement in amyloid toxicity and tauopathy, combined with possible functional deficits in neurons and contribution in microglia. A role of Pyk2 has also been proposed in stress-induced depression and cocaine addiction. Pyk2 is also important for the mobility of astrocytes and glioblastoma cells. The implication of Pyk2 in various pathological conditions supports its potential interest for therapeutic interventions. This is possible through molecules inhibiting its activity or increasing it through inhibition of STEP or other means, depending on a precise evaluation of the balance between positive and negative consequences of Pyk2 actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit de Pins
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Tiago Mendes
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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9
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Herranz-Itúrbide M, Peñuelas-Haro I, Espinosa-Sotelo R, Bertran E, Fabregat I. The TGF-β/NADPH Oxidases Axis in the Regulation of Liver Cell Biology in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092312. [PMID: 34571961 PMCID: PMC8470857 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway plays essential roles in liver development and homeostasis and become a relevant factor involved in different liver pathologies, particularly fibrosis and cancer. The family of NADPH oxidases (NOXs) has emerged in recent years as targets of the TGF-β pathway mediating many of its effects on hepatocytes, stellate cells and macrophages. This review focuses on how the axis TGF-β/NOXs may regulate the biology of different liver cells and how this influences physiological situations, such as liver regeneration, and pathological circumstances, such as liver fibrosis and cancer. Finally, we discuss whether NOX inhibitors may be considered as potential therapeutic tools in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Herranz-Itúrbide
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Peñuelas-Haro
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rut Espinosa-Sotelo
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Bertran
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-932-607-828
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10
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Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Regulates Different Types of Cell Death by Acting as a Rheostat. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9912436. [PMID: 34426760 PMCID: PMC8380163 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9912436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for cellular signaling and response to stress. The level of ROS and the type of ROS determine the ability of cells to undergo cell death. Furthermore, dysregulation of the antioxidant pathways is associated with many diseases. It has become apparent that cell death can occur through different mechanisms leading to the classifications of different types of cell death such as apoptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis. ROS play essential roles in all forms of cell death, but it is only now coming into focus that ROS control and determine the type of cell death that occurs in any given cell. Indeed, ROS may act as a rheostat allowing different cell death mechanisms to be engaged and crosstalk with different cell death types. In this review, we will describe the ROS regulatory pathways and how they control different types of cell death under normal and disease states. We will also propose how ROS could provide a mechanism of crosstalk between cell death mechanisms and act as a rheostat determining the type of cell death.
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11
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Kervin TA, Overduin M. Regulation of the Phosphoinositide Code by Phosphorylation of Membrane Readers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051205. [PMID: 34069055 PMCID: PMC8156045 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic code that dictates how nucleic acids are translated into proteins is well known, however, the code through which proteins recognize membranes remains mysterious. In eukaryotes, this code is mediated by hundreds of membrane readers that recognize unique phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs), which demark organelles to initiate localized trafficking and signaling events. The only superfamily which specifically detects all seven PIPs are the Phox homology (PX) domains. Here, we reveal that throughout evolution, these readers are universally regulated by the phosphorylation of their PIP binding surfaces based on our analysis of existing and modelled protein structures and phosphoproteomic databases. These PIP-stops control the selective targeting of proteins to organelles and are shown to be key determinants of high-fidelity PIP recognition. The protein kinases responsible include prominent cancer targets, underscoring the critical role of regulated membrane readership.
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12
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Young KA, Biggins L, Sharpe HJ. Protein tyrosine phosphatases in cell adhesion. Biochem J 2021; 478:1061-1083. [PMID: 33710332 PMCID: PMC7959691 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adhesive structures between cells and with the surrounding matrix are essential for the development of multicellular organisms. In addition to providing mechanical integrity, they are key signalling centres providing feedback on the extracellular environment to the cell interior, and vice versa. During development, mitosis and repair, cell adhesions must undergo extensive remodelling. Post-translational modifications of proteins within these complexes serve as switches for activity. Tyrosine phosphorylation is an important modification in cell adhesion that is dynamically regulated by the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and protein tyrosine kinases. Several PTPs are implicated in the assembly and maintenance of cell adhesions, however, their signalling functions remain poorly defined. The PTPs can act by directly dephosphorylating adhesive complex components or function as scaffolds. In this review, we will focus on human PTPs and discuss their individual roles in major adhesion complexes, as well as Hippo signalling. We have collated PTP interactome and cell adhesome datasets, which reveal extensive connections between PTPs and cell adhesions that are relatively unexplored. Finally, we reflect on the dysregulation of PTPs and cell adhesions in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Young
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Laura Biggins
- Bioinformatics, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Hayley J. Sharpe
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
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13
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Balta E, Kramer J, Samstag Y. Redox Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Cell Migration and Adhesion: On the Way to a Spatiotemporal View. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:618261. [PMID: 33585453 PMCID: PMC7875868 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.618261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells is a dynamic, fibrous network that is regulated by the concerted action of actin-binding proteins (ABPs). In particular, rapid polarization of cells in response to internal and external stimuli is fundamental to cell migration and invasion. Various isoforms of ABPs in different tissues equip cells with variable degrees of migratory and adhesive capacities. In addition, regulation of ABPs by posttranslational modifications (PTM) is pivotal to the rapid responsiveness of cells. In this context, phosphorylation of ABPs and its functional consequences have been studied extensively. However, the study of reduction/oxidation (redox) modifications of oxidation-sensitive cysteine and methionine residues of actin, ABPs, adhesion molecules, and signaling proteins regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics has only recently emerged as a field. The relevance of such protein oxidations to cellular physiology and pathophysiology has remained largely elusive. Importantly, studying protein oxidation spatiotemporally can provide novel insights into localized redox regulation of cellular functions. In this review, we focus on the redox regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, its challenges, and recently developed tools to study its physiological and pathophysiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Balta
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Kramer
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Wu WS. The role of hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone-5 in tumor progression. Tzu Chi Med J 2020; 32:1-4. [PMID: 32110512 PMCID: PMC7015009 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_120_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma is due to high recurrence rate mainly caused by metastasis. Target therapy aiming at critical signal molecules within these pathways is one of the promising strategies for the prevention of metastasis. Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone-5 (Hic-5), which belongs to the paxillin superfamily, is emerging as a potential target along the metastatic signaling pathway. Hic-5 and paxillin share similar structural features; however, there are a lot of different biochemical properties between them, including tissue-specific distribution, regulation of gene expression, critical signal cascade, and the impacts on cellular phenotypes. This review focus on the recent studies of Hic-5 related to its impacts on signal transduction and transcription responsible for tumor progression. Hic-5 may regulate mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade for cell migration and invasion in various systems. Hic-5 can mediate transforming growth factor-β1-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) via RhoA- and Src-dependent signaling. Moreover, Hic-5 plays a central role in a positive feedback Hic-5-NADPH oxidase-ROS-JNK signal cascade. This sustained signaling is required for regulating EMT-related genes including E-cadherin, Snail, MMP9, and Zeb-1. In addition, Hic-5 can be a transcription coregulatory factor for a lot of nuclear receptors. Owing to the critical role of Hic-5 in signal transduction and transcription responsible for tumor progression, it can be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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15
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Fu L, Cui CP, Zhang X, Zhang L. The functions and regulation of Smurfs in cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:102-116. [PMID: 31899247 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) and Smurf2 are HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases, and both Smurfs were initially identified to regulate Smad protein stability in the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway. In recent years, Smurfs have exhibited E3 ligase-dependent and -independent activities in various kinds of cells. Smurfs act as either potent tumor promoters or tumor suppressors in different tumors by regulating biological processes, including metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle, senescence and genomic stability. The regulation of Smurfs activity and expression has therefore emerged as a hot spot in tumor biology research. Further, the Smurf1- or Smurf2-deficient mice provide more in vivo clues for the functional study of Smurfs in tumorigenesis and development. In this review, we summarize these milestone findings and, in turn, reveal new avenues for the prevention and treatment of cancer by regulating Smurfs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Chun-Ping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fengxian Central Hospital Graduate Training Base, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China; Peixian People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province 221600, China.
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16
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Wu JR, You RI, Hu CT, Cheng CC, Rudy R, Wu WS. Hydrogen peroxide inducible clone-5 sustains NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species-c-jun N-terminal kinase signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:40. [PMID: 31387985 PMCID: PMC6684519 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Target therapy aiming at critical molecules within the metastatic signal pathways is essential for prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Hic-5 (hydrogen peroxide inducible clone-5) which belongs to the paxillin superfamily, can be stimulated by a lot of metastatic factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF-β), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous studies implicated Hic-5 cross-talks with the ROS-c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signal cascade in a positive feedback manner. In this report, we addressed this issue in a comprehensive manner. By RNA interference and ectopic Hic-5 expression, we demonstrated Hic-5 was essential for activation of NADPH oxidase and ROS generation leading to activation of downstream JNK and c-jun transcription factor. This was initiated by interaction of Hic-5 with the regulator and adaptor of NADPH oxidase, Rac1 and Traf4, respectively, which may further phosphorylate the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Pyk2 at Tyr881. On the other hand, promoter activity assay coupled with deletion mapping and site directed mutagenesis strategies demonstrated the distal c-jun and AP4 putative binding regions (943–1126 bp upstream of translational start site) were required for transcriptional activation of Hic-5. Thus Hic-5 was both downstream and upstream of NADPH oxidase-ROS-JNK-c-jun cascade. This signal circuit was essential for regulating the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors, such as Snail, Zeb1, E-cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinase 9, involved in HCC cell migration and metastasis. Due to the limited expression of Hic-5 in normal tissue, it can be a promising therapeutic target for preventing HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ru Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ren-In You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tan Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Research Centre for Hepatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chu Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Rudy Rudy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan. .,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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17
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Fu P, Shaaya M, Harijith A, Jacobson JR, Karginov A, Natarajan V. Sphingolipids Signaling in Lamellipodia Formation and Enhancement of Endothelial Barrier Function. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 82:1-31. [PMID: 30360778 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, first described in the brain in 1884, are important structural components of biological membranes of all eukaryotic cells. In recent years, several lines of evidence support the critical role of sphingolipids such as sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and ceramide as anti- or pro-inflammatory bioactive lipid mediators in a variety of human pathologies including pulmonary and vascular disorders. Among the sphingolipids, S1P is a naturally occurring agonist that exhibits potent barrier enhancing property in the endothelium by signaling via G protein-coupled S1P1 receptor. S1P, S1P analogs, and other barrier enhancing agents such as HGF, oxidized phospholipids, and statins also utilize the S1P/S1P1 signaling pathway to generate membrane protrusions or lamellipodia, which have been implicated in resealing of endothelial gaps and maintenance of barrier integrity. A better understanding of sphingolipids mediated regulation of lamellipodia formation and barrier enhancement of the endothelium will be critical for the development of sphingolipid-based therapies to alleviate pulmonary disorders such as sepsis-, radiation-, and mechanical ventilation-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mark Shaaya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrei Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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18
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Hehr CL, Halabi R, McFarlane S. Polarity and morphogenesis of the eye epithelium requires the adhesion junction associated adaptor protein Traf4. Cell Adh Migr 2018; 12:489-502. [PMID: 29961393 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2018.1477900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, neuroepithelial progenitors acquire apico-basal polarity and adhere to one another via apically located tight and adherens junction complexes. This polarized neuroepithelium must continue to integrate cells arising through cell divisions and intercalation, and allow for cell movements, at the same time as undergoing morphogenesis. Cell proliferation, migration and intercalation all occur in the morphing embryonic eye. To understand how eye development might depend on dynamic epithelial adhesion, we investigated the function of a known regulator of junctional plasticity, Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 (Traf4). traf4a mRNA is expressed in the developing eye vesicle over the period of optic cup morphogenesis, and Traf4a loss leads to disrupted evagination and elongation of the eye vesicles, and aberrant organization and apico-basal polarity of the eye epithelium. We propose a model whereby Traf4a regulates apical junction plasticity in nascent eye epithelium, allowing for its polarization and morphogenesis. Symbols and Abbreviations: AB: apico-basal; aPKC: atypical protein kinase-C; CRISPR: clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats; GFP: green fluorescent protein; hpf: hours post-fertilization; MO: antisense morpholino oligonucleotide; pHH3: phospho histone H3; ss: somite stage; Traf4: Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4; ZO-1: zona occludens-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Lynn Hehr
- a Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy , University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Rami Halabi
- a Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy , University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Sarah McFarlane
- a Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy , University of Calgary, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute , Calgary , AB , Canada
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19
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Singh R, Karri D, Shen H, Shao J, Dasgupta S, Huang S, Edwards DP, Ittmann MM, O'Malley BW, Yi P. TRAF4-mediated ubiquitination of NGF receptor TrkA regulates prostate cancer metastasis. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3129-3143. [PMID: 29715200 DOI: 10.1172/jci96060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are important drivers of cancers. In addition to genomic alterations, aberrant activation of WT RTKs plays an important role in driving cancer progression. However, the mechanisms underlying how RTKs drive prostate cancer remain incompletely characterized. Here we show that non-proteolytic ubiquitination of RTK regulates its kinase activity and contributes to RTK-mediated prostate cancer metastasis. TRAF4, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is highly expressed in metastatic prostate cancer. We demonstrated here that it is a key player in regulating RTK-mediated prostate cancer metastasis. We further identified TrkA, a neurotrophin RTK, as a TRAF4-targeted ubiquitination substrate that promotes cancer cell invasion and found that inhibition of TrkA activity abolished TRAF4-dependent cell invasion. TRAF4 promoted K27- and K29-linked ubiquitination at the TrkA kinase domain and increased its kinase activity. Mutation of TRAF4-targeted ubiquitination sites abolished TrkA tyrosine autophosphorylation and its interaction with downstream proteins. TRAF4 knockdown also suppressed nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulated TrkA downstream p38 MAPK activation and invasion-associated gene expression. Furthermore, elevated TRAF4 levels significantly correlated with increased NGF-stimulated invasion-associated gene expression in prostate cancer patients, indicating that this signaling axis is significantly activated during oncogenesis. Our results revealed a posttranslational modification mechanism contributing to aberrant non-mutated RTK activation in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Singh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dileep Karri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiangyong Shao
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Subhamoy Dasgupta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center and
| | - Dean P Edwards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael M Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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20
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Suresh K, Shimoda LA. Endothelial Cell Reactive Oxygen Species and Ca 2+ Signaling in Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 967:299-314. [PMID: 29047094 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) refers to a disorder characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, leading to right ventricular overload and eventually right ventricular failure, which results in high morbidity and mortality. PH is associated with heterogeneous etiologies and distinct molecular mechanisms, including abnormal migration and proliferation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Although the exact details are not fully elucidated, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to play a key role in promoting abnormal function in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells in PH. In endothelial cells, ROS can be generated from sources such as NADPH oxidase and mitochondria, which in turn can serve as signaling molecules in a wide variety of processes including posttranslational modification of proteins involved in Ca2+ homeostasis. In this chapter, we discuss the role of ROS in promoting abnormal vasoreactivity and endothelial migration and proliferation in various models of PH. Furthermore, we draw particular attention to the role of ROS-induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the pathobiology of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Suresh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA. .,Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
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21
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Acevedo A, González-Billault C. Crosstalk between Rac1-mediated actin regulation and ROS production. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 116:101-113. [PMID: 29330095 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The small RhoGTPase Rac1 is implicated in a variety of events related to actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. Remarkably, another event that is completely different from those related to actin regulation has the same relevance; the Rac1-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through NADPH oxidases (NOX). Each outcome involves different Rac1 downstream effectors; on one hand, events related to the actin cytoskeleton require Rac1 to bind to WAVEs proteins and PAKs that ultimately promote actin branching and turnover, on the other, NOX-derived ROS production demands active Rac1 to be bound to a cytosolic activator of NOX. How Rac1-mediated signaling ends up promoting actin-related events, NOX-derived ROS, or both is poorly understood. Rac1 regulators, including scaffold proteins, are known to exert tight control over its functions. Hence, evidence of Rac1 regulatory events leading to both actin remodeling and NOX-mediated ROS generation are discussed. Moreover, cellular functions linked to physiological and pathological conditions that exhibit crosstalk between Rac1 outcomes are analyzed, while plausible roles in neuronal functions (and dysfunctions) are highlighted. Together, discussed evidence shed light on cellular mechanisms which requires Rac1 to direct either actin- and/or ROS-related events, helping to understand crucial roles of Rac1 dual functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Acevedo
- FONDAP Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Christian González-Billault
- FONDAP Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 7800024, Chile; The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, USA.
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22
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Zhou Y, Castonguay P, Sidhom EH, Clark AR, Dvela-Levitt M, Kim S, Sieber J, Wieder N, Jung JY, Andreeva S, Reichardt J, Dubois F, Hoffmann SC, Basgen JM, MontesinoS MS, Weins A, Johnson AC, Lander ES, Garrett MR, Hopkins CR, Greka A. A small-molecule inhibitor of TRPC5 ion channels suppresses progressive kidney disease in animal models. Science 2017; 358:1332-1336. [PMID: 29217578 PMCID: PMC6014699 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Progressive kidney diseases are often associated with scarring of the kidney's filtration unit, a condition called focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). This scarring is due to loss of podocytes, cells critical for glomerular filtration, and leads to proteinuria and kidney failure. Inherited forms of FSGS are caused by Rac1-activating mutations, and Rac1 induces TRPC5 ion channel activity and cytoskeletal remodeling in podocytes. Whether TRPC5 activity mediates FSGS onset and progression is unknown. We identified a small molecule, AC1903, that specifically blocks TRPC5 channel activity in glomeruli of proteinuric rats. Chronic administration of AC1903 suppressed severe proteinuria and prevented podocyte loss in a transgenic rat model of FSGS. AC1903 also provided therapeutic benefit in a rat model of hypertensive proteinuric kidney disease. These data indicate that TRPC5 activity drives disease and that TRPC5 inhibitors may be valuable for the treatment of progressive kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Philip Castonguay
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eriene-Heidi Sidhom
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Abbe R. Clark
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Moran Dvela-Levitt
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sookyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jonas Sieber
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicolas Wieder
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ji Yong Jung
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Svetlana Andreeva
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jana Reichardt
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank Dubois
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sigrid C. Hoffmann
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John M. Basgen
- Life Sciences Institute, Charles R. Drew University of Science and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Mónica S. MontesinoS
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Astrid Weins
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ashley C. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Eric S. Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael R. Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Corey R. Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Kim E, Kim W, Lee S, Chun J, Kang J, Park G, Han I, Yang HJ, Youn H, Youn B. TRAF4 promotes lung cancer aggressiveness by modulating tumor microenvironment in normal fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8923. [PMID: 28827764 PMCID: PMC5566719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal fibroblasts surrounding tumor cells play a crucial role in cancer progression through formation of the tumor microenvironment. Because factors secreted from normal fibroblasts can modulate the tumor microenvironment, it is necessary to identify key factors associated with regulation of secreted factors and to investigate the molecular mechanisms contributing to the tumor microenvironment formation process. In this study, we found that radiation induced the expression and K63-linkage poly-ubiquitination of TRAF4 in normal lung fibroblasts. The K63-linkage poly-ubiquitinated TRAF4 formed complexes with NOX2 or NOX4 by mediating phosphorylated p47-phox in normal lung fibroblasts. Moreover, we showed that TRAF4 stabilized NOX complexes by decreasing lysosomal degradation of NOX2 and NOX4 after irradiation. NOX complexes increased endosomal ROS levels that were permeable into cytoplasm, leading to NF-κB-mediated ICAM1 up-regulation. Soluble ICAM1 was subsequently secreted into conditioned media of radiation-activated normal lung fibroblasts. The conditioned media from irradiated normal fibroblasts enhanced proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that TRAF4 in irradiated fibroblasts is positively associated with aggressiveness of adjacent cancer cells by altering the tumor microenvironment. Thus, we suggest that regulation of TRAF4 might be a promising strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunGi Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanyeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, 28173, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jahyun Chun
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - JiHoon Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeul Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - IkJoon Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Yang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Marchev AS, Dimitrova PA, Burns AJ, Kostov RV, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Georgiev MI. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in osteoarthritis: can NRF2 counteract these partners in crime? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1401:114-135. [PMID: 28662306 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related joint degenerative disease associated with pain, joint deformity, and disability. The disease starts with cartilage damage but then progressively involves subchondral bone, causing an imbalance between osteoclast-driven bone resorption and osteoblast-driven remodeling. Here, we summarize the data for the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in OA pathology and discuss how these two processes are integrated during OA progression, as well as their contribution to abnormalities in cartilage/bone metabolism and integrity. At the cellular level, oxidative stress and inflammation are counteracted by transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid p45-related factor 2 (NRF2), and we describe the regulation of NRF2, highlighting its role in OA pathology. We also discuss the beneficial effect of some phytonutrients, including the therapeutic potential of NRF2 activation, in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S Marchev
- Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Petya A Dimitrova
- Department of Immunology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Andrew J Burns
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Rumen V Kostov
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Xu Q, Huff LP, Fujii M, Griendling KK. Redox regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and its role in the vascular system. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:84-107. [PMID: 28285002 PMCID: PMC5497502 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is critical for form and function of vascular cells, serving mechanical, organizational and signaling roles. Because many cytoskeletal proteins are sensitive to reactive oxygen species, redox regulation has emerged as a pivotal modulator of the actin cytoskeleton and its associated proteins. Here, we summarize work implicating oxidants in altering actin cytoskeletal proteins and focus on how these alterations affect cell migration, proliferation and contraction of vascular cells. Finally, we discuss the role of oxidative modification of the actin cytoskeleton in vivo and highlight its importance for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lauren P Huff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Masakazu Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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Kobzar G, Mardla V, Samel N. Glucose impairs aspirin inhibition in platelets through a NAD(P)H oxidase signaling pathway. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 131:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Hydrogen peroxide inducible clone-5 mediates reactive oxygen species signaling for hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32526-44. [PMID: 26416447 PMCID: PMC4741710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the signaling components involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is the focal adhesion adaptor paxillin. Hydrogen peroxide inducible clone-5 (Hic-5), one of the paralogs of paxillin, exhibits many biological functions distinct from paxillin, but may cooperate with paxillin to trigger tumor progression. Screening of Hic-5 in 145 surgical HCCs demonstrated overexpression of Hic-5 correlated well with intra- and extra-hepatic metastasis. Hic-5 highly expressed in the patient derived HCCs with high motility such as HCC329 and HCC353 but not in the HCCs with low motility such as HCC340. Blockade of Hic-5 expression prevented constitutive migration of HCC329 and HCC353 and HGF-induced cell migration of HCC340. HCC329Hic-5(−), HCC353Hic-5(−), HCC372Hic-5(−), the HCCs stably depleted of Hic-5, exhibited reduced motility compared with each HCC expressing Scramble shRNA. Moreover, intra/extrahepatic metastasis of HCC329Hic-5(−) in SCID mice greatly decreased compared with HCC329Scramble. On the other hand, ectopic Hic-5 expression in HCC340 promoted its progression. Constitutive and HGF-induced Hic-5 expression in HCCs were suppressed by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers catalase and dithiotheritol and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125. On the contrary, depletion of Hic-5 blocked constitutive and HGF-induced ROS generation and JNK phosphorylation in HCCs. Also, ectopic expression of Hic-5 enhanced ROS generation and JNK phosphorylation. These highlighted that Hic-5 plays a central role in the positive feedback ROS-JNK signal cascade. Finally, the Chinese herbal derived anti-HCC peptide LZ-8 suppressed constitutive Hic-5 expression and JNK phosphorylation. In conclusion, Hic-5 mediates ROS-JNK signaling and may serve as a therapeutic target for prevention of HCC progression.
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Arcucci A, Ruocco MR, Granato G, Sacco AM, Montagnani S. Cancer: An Oxidative Crosstalk between Solid Tumor Cells and Cancer Associated Fibroblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4502846. [PMID: 27595103 PMCID: PMC4993917 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4502846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Redox balance is associated with the regulation of several cell signalling pathways and functions. In fact, under physiological conditions, cells maintain a balance between oxidant and antioxidant systems, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as second messengers to regulate cell proliferation, cell death, and other physiological processes. Cancer tissues usually contain higher levels of ROS than normal tissues, and this ROS overproduction is associated with tumor development. Neoplastic tissues are very heterogeneous systems, composed of tumor cells and microenvironment that has a critical role in tumor progression. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent the main cell type of tumor microenvironment, and they contribute to tumor growth by undergoing an irreversible activation process. It is known that ROS can be transferred from cancer cells to fibroblasts. In particular, ROS affect the behaviour of CAFs by promoting the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts that support tumor progression and dissemination. Furthermore, the wrecking of redox homeostasis in cancer cells and tumor microenvironment induces a metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells and cancer associated fibroblasts, giving advantage to cancer growth. This review describes the role of ROS in tumor growth, by focusing on CAFs activation and metabolic interactions between cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Arcucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ruocco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Granato
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sacco
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Dave JM, Abbey CA, Duran CL, Seo H, Johnson GA, Bayless KJ. Hic-5 mediates the initiation of endothelial sprouting by regulating a key surface metalloproteinase. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:743-56. [PMID: 26769900 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.170571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During angiogenesis, endothelial cells must coordinate matrix proteolysis with migration. Here, we tested whether the focal adhesion scaffold protein Hic-5 (also known as TGFB1I1) regulated endothelial sprouting in three dimensions. Hic-5 silencing reduced endothelial sprouting and lumen formation, and sprouting defects were rescued by the return of Hic-5 expression. Pro-angiogenic factors enhanced colocalization and complex formation between membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, also known as MMP14) and Hic-5, but not between paxillin and MT1-MMP. The LIM2 and LIM3 domains of Hic-5 were necessary and sufficient for Hic-5 to form a complex with MT1-MMP. The degree of interaction between MT1-MMP and Hic-5 and the localization of the complex within detergent-resistant membrane fractions were enhanced during endothelial sprouting, and Hic-5 depletion lowered the surface levels of MT1-MMP. In addition, we observed that loss of Hic-5 partially reduced complex formation between MT1-MMP and focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2), suggesting that Hic-5 bridges MT1-MMP and FAK. Finally, Hic-5 LIM2-LIM3 deletion mutants reduced sprout initiation. Hic-5, MT1-MMP and FAK colocalized in angiogenic vessels during porcine pregnancy, supporting that this complex assembles during angiogenesis in vivo. Collectively, Hic-5 appears to enhance complex formation between MT1-MMP and FAK in activated endothelial cells, which likely coordinates matrix proteolysis and cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui M Dave
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Colette A Abbey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Heewon Seo
- Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gregory A Johnson
- Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Heppner DE, van der Vliet A. Redox-dependent regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Redox Biol 2015; 8:24-7. [PMID: 26722841 PMCID: PMC4710793 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent cell signaling represents a unique feature of multicellular organisms, and is important in regulation of cell differentiation and specialized cell functions. Multicellular organisms also contain a diverse family of NADPH oxidases (NOXs) that have been closely linked with tyrosine kinase-based cell signaling and regulate tyrosine phosphorylation via reversible oxidation of cysteine residues that are highly conserved within many proteins involved in this signaling pathway. An example of redox-regulated tyrosine kinase signaling involves the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a widely studied receptor system with diverse functions in normal cell biology as well as pathologies associated with oxidative stress such as cancer. The purpose of this Graphical Redox Review is to highlight recently emerged concepts with respect to NOX-dependent regulation of this important signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Heppner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States.
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31
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Cornelius N, Bertelsen B, Melchior L, Nazaryan L, Debes NM, Groth C, Skov L, Tümer Z. A mosaic small supernumerary marker chromosome 17 in a patient with Tourette syndrome, ADHD and intellectual disability: A case story and review of the literature. Psychiatry Res 2015; 228:179-81. [PMID: 25935373 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Cornelius
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Bertelsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Linea Melchior
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lusine Nazaryan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | - Camilla Groth
- The Tourette Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Liselotte Skov
- The Tourette Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
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Craige SM, Kant S, Keaney JF. Reactive oxygen species in endothelial function - from disease to adaptation - . Circ J 2015; 79:1145-55. [PMID: 25986771 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial function is largely dictated by its ability to rapidly sense environmental cues and adapt to these stimuli through changes in vascular tone, inflammation/immune recruitment, and angiogenesis. When any one of these abilities is compromised, the endothelium becomes dysfunctional, which ultimately leads to disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been established at the forefront of endothelial dysfunction; however, more careful examination has demonstrated that ROS are fundamental to each of the sensing/signaling roles of the endothelium. The purpose of this review is to document endothelial ROS production in both disease and physiological adaptation. Through understanding new endothelial signaling paradigms, we will gain insight into more targeted therapeutic strategies for vascular diseases.
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Brown DI, Griendling KK. Regulation of signal transduction by reactive oxygen species in the cardiovascular system. Circ Res 2015; 116:531-49. [PMID: 25634975 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.303584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has long been implicated in cardiovascular disease, but more recently, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal physiological signaling has been elucidated. Signaling pathways modulated by ROS are complex and compartmentalized, and we are only beginning to identify the molecular modifications of specific targets. Here, we review the current literature on ROS signaling in the cardiovascular system, focusing on the role of ROS in normal physiology and how dysregulation of signaling circuits contributes to cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. In particular, we consider how ROS modulate signaling pathways related to phenotypic modulation, migration and adhesion, contractility, proliferation and hypertrophy, angiogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and senescence. Understanding the specific targets of ROS may guide the development of the next generation of ROS-modifying therapies to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Brown
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
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Ohanian J, Pieri M, Ohanian V. Non-receptor tyrosine kinases and the actin cytoskeleton in contractile vascular smooth muscle. J Physiol 2014; 593:3807-14. [PMID: 25433074 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.284174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells within the walls of arteries is regulated by mechanical stresses and vasoactive signals. Transduction of these diverse stimuli into a cellular response occurs through many different mechanisms, one being reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton. In addition to a structural role in maintaining cellular architecture it is now clear that the actin cytoskeleton of contractile vascular smooth muscle cells is a dynamic structure reacting to changes in the cellular environment. Equally clear is that disrupting the cytoskeleton or interfering with its rearrangement, has profound effects on artery contractility. The actin cytoskeleton associates with dense plaques, also called focal adhesions, at the plasma membrane of smooth muscle cells. Vasoconstrictors and mechanical stress induce remodelling of the focal adhesions, concomitant with cytoskeletal reorganisation. Recent work has shown that non-receptor tyrosine kinases and tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins such as paxillin and Hic-5 are important for actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion remodelling and contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ohanian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Services Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Maria Pieri
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Services Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Vasken Ohanian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Services Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Carrim N, Walsh TG, Consonni A, Torti M, Berndt MC, Metharom P. Role of focal adhesion tyrosine kinases in GPVI-dependent platelet activation and reactive oxygen species formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113679. [PMID: 25415317 PMCID: PMC4240642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown the presence of a TRAF4/p47phox/Hic5/Pyk2 complex associated with the platelet collagen receptor, GPVI, consistent with a potential role of this complex in GPVI-dependent ROS formation. In other cell systems, NOX-dependent ROS formation is facilitated by Pyk2, which along with its closely related homologue FAK are known to be activated and phosphorylated downstream of ligand binding to GPVI. Aims To evaluate the relative roles of Pyk2 and FAK in GPVI-dependent ROS formation and to determine their location within the GPVI signaling pathway. Methods and Results Human and mouse washed platelets (from WT or Pyk2 KO mice) were pre-treated with pharmacological inhibitors targeting FAK or Pyk2 (PF-228 and Tyrphostin A9, respectively) and stimulated with the GPVI-specific agonist, CRP. FAK, but not Pyk2, was found to be essential for GPVI-dependent ROS production and aggregation. Subsequent human platelet studies with PF-228 confirmed FAK is essential for GPVI-mediated phosphatidylserine exposure, α-granule secretion (P-selectin (CD62P) surface expression) and integrin αIIbβ3 activation. To determine the precise location of FAK within the GPVI pathway, we analyzed the effect of PF-228 inhibition in CRP-stimulated platelets in conjunction with immunoprecipitation and pulldown analysis to show that FAK is downstream of Lyn, Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), PI3-K and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and upstream of Rac1, PLCγ2, Ca2+ release, PKC, Hic-5, NOX1 and αIIbβ3 activation. Conclusion Overall, these data suggest a novel role for FAK in GPVI-dependent ROS formation and platelet activation and elucidate a proximal signaling role for FAK within the GPVI pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naadiya Carrim
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tony G. Walsh
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alessandra Consonni
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Torti
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michael C. Berndt
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Pat Metharom
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Manickam N, Patel M, Griendling KK, Gorin Y, Barnes JL. RhoA/Rho kinase mediates TGF-β1-induced kidney myofibroblast activation through Poldip2/Nox4-derived reactive oxygen species. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F159-71. [PMID: 24872317 PMCID: PMC4101629 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00546.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The small G proteins Rac1 and RhoA regulate actin cytoskeleton, cell shape, adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Recent studies in our laboratory have shown that NADPH oxidase Nox4-derived ROS are involved in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced rat kidney myofibroblast differentiation assessed by the acquisition of an α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) phenotype and expression of an alternatively spliced fibronectin variant (Fn-EIIIA). Rac1 and RhoA are essential in signaling by some Nox homologs, but their role as effectors of Nox4 in kidney myofibroblast differentiation is not known. In the present study, we explored a link among Rac1 and RhoA and Nox4-dependent ROS generation in TGF-β1-induced kidney myofibroblast activation. TGF-β1 stimulated an increase in Nox4 protein expression, NADPH oxidase activity, and abundant α-SMA and Fn-EIIIA expression. RhoA but not Rac1 was involved in TGF-β1 induction of Nox4 signaling of kidney myofibroblast activation. TGF-β1 stimulated active RhoA-GTP and increased Rho kinase (ROCK). Inhibition of RhoA with small interfering RNA and ROCK using Y-27632 significantly reduced TGF-β1-induced stimulation of Nox4 protein, NADPH oxidase activity, and α-SMA and Fn-EIIIA expression. Treatment with diphenyleneiodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, did not decrease RhoA activation but inhibited TGF-β1-induced α-SMA and Fn-EIIIA expression, indicating that RhoA is upstream of ROS generation. RhoA/ROCK also regulated polymerase (DNA-directed) δ-interacting protein 2 (Poldip2), a newly discovered Nox4 enhancer protein. Collectively, these data indicate that RhoA/ROCK is upstream of Poldip2-dependent Nox4 regulation and ROS production and induces redox signaling of kidney myofibroblast activation and may broader implications in the pathophysiology of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraj Manickam
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | - Mandakini Patel
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yves Gorin
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | - Jeffrey L Barnes
- The Medical Research Service, Audie Murphy Memorial Veterans Administration Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; The Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; and
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Wang A, Wang J, Ren H, Yang F, Sun L, Diao K, Zhao Z, Song M, Cui Z, Wang E, Wei M, Mi X. TRAF4 participates in Wnt/β-catenin signaling in breast cancer by upregulating β-catenin and mediating its translocation to the nucleus. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 395:211-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Paik YH, Kim J, Aoyama T, De Minicis S, Bataller R, Brenner DA. Role of NADPH oxidases in liver fibrosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2854-72. [PMID: 24040957 PMCID: PMC4026397 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hepatic fibrosis is the common pathophysiologic process resulting from chronic liver injury, characterized by the accumulation of an excessive extracellular matrix. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) is a multicomponent enzyme complex that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to a wide range of stimuli. In addition to phagocytic NOX2, there are six nonphagocytic NOX proteins. RECENT ADVANCES In the liver, NOX is functionally expressed both in the phagocytic form and in the nonphagocytic form. NOX-derived ROS contributes to various kinds of liver disease caused by alcohol, hepatitis C virus, and toxic bile acids. Recent evidence indicates that both phagocytic NOX2 and nonphagocytic NOX isoforms, including NOX1 and NOX4, mediate distinct profibrogenic actions in hepatic stellate cells, the main fibrogenic cell type in the liver. The critical role of NOX in hepatic fibrogenesis provides a rationale to assess pharmacological NOX inhibitors that treat hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. CRITICAL ISSUES Although there is compelling evidence indicating a crucial role for NOX-mediated ROS generation in hepatic fibrogenesis, little is known about the expression, subcellular localization, regulation, and redox signaling of NOX isoforms in specific cell types in the liver. Moreover, the exact mechanism of NOX-mediated fibrogenic signaling is still largely unknown. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A better understanding through further research about NOX-mediated fibrogenic signaling may enable the development of novel anti-fibrotic therapy using NOX inhibition strategy. Antio
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Han Paik
- 1 Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
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MacDonald G, Nalvarte I, Smirnova T, Vecchi M, Aceto N, Dolemeyer A, Frei A, Lienhard S, Wyckoff J, Hess D, Seebacher J, Keusch JJ, Gut H, Salaun D, Mazzarol G, Disalvatore D, Bentires-Alj M, Di Fiore PP, Badache A, Hynes NE. Memo is a copper-dependent redox protein with an essential role in migration and metastasis. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra56. [PMID: 24917593 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Memo is an evolutionarily conserved protein with a critical role in cell motility. We found that Memo was required for migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and spontaneous lung metastasis from breast cancer cell xenografts in vivo. Biochemical assays revealed that Memo is a copper-dependent redox enzyme that promoted a more oxidized intracellular milieu and stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cellular structures involved in migration. Memo was also required for the sustained production of the ROS O2- by NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase 1 (NOX1) in breast cancer cells. Memo abundance was increased in >40% of the primary breast tumors tested, was correlated with clinical parameters of aggressive disease, and was an independent prognostic factor of early distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen MacDonald
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Nalvarte
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Smirnova
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Vecchi
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan 20139, Italy. Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland. University of Basel, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Arno Dolemeyer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel 4057, Switzerland
| | - Anna Frei
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland. University of Basel, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Lienhard
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey Wyckoff
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hess
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Jan Seebacher
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy J Keusch
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Gut
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Salaun
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm (U1068), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR7258), Marseille 13009, France
| | - Giovanni Mazzarol
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Davide Disalvatore
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
| | | | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan 20139, Italy. Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy. Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Ali Badache
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm (U1068), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR7258), Marseille 13009, France
| | - Nancy E Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland. University of Basel, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
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Abo M, Minakami R, Miyano K, Kamiya M, Nagano T, Urano Y, Sumimoto H. Visualization of phagosomal hydrogen peroxide production by a novel fluorescent probe that is localized via SNAP-tag labeling. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5983-90. [PMID: 24862209 DOI: 10.1021/ac501041w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a member of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays diverse physiological roles including host defense and cellular signal transduction. During ingestion of invading microorganisms, professional phagocytes such as macrophages release H2O2 specifically into the phagosome to direct toxic ROS toward engulfed microbes. Although H2O2 is considered to exert discrete effects in living systems depending on location of its production, accumulation, and consumption, there have been limitations of techniques for probing this oxygen metabolite with high molecular specificity at the subcellular resolution. Here we describe the development of an O(6)-benzylguanine derivative of 5-(4-nitrobenzoyl)carbonylfluorescein (NBzF-BG), a novel H2O2-specific fluorescent probe; NBzF-BG is covalently and selectively conjugated with the SNAP-tag protein, leading to formation of the fluorophore-protein conjugate (SNAP-NBzF). SNAP-NBzF rapidly reacts with H2O2 and thereby shows a 9-fold enhancement in fluorescence. When SNAP-tag is expressed in HEK293T cells and RAW264.7 macrophages as a protein C-terminally fused to the transmembrane domain of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), the tag is presented on the outside of the plasma membrane; conjugation of NBzF-BG with the cell surface SNAP-tag enables detection of H2O2 added exogenously. We also demonstrate molecular imaging of H2O2 that is endogenously produced in phagosomes of macrophages ingesting IgG-coated latex beads. Thus, NBzF-BG, combined with the SNAP-tag technology, should be useful as a tool to measure local production of H2O2 in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Abo
- Departments of Biochemistry and ‡Health Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Frijhoff J, Dagnell M, Godfrey R, Ostman A. Regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase oxidation in cell adhesion and migration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1994-2010. [PMID: 24111825 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Redox-regulated control of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) through inhibitory reversible oxidation of their active site is emerging as a novel and general mechanism for control of cell surface receptor-activated signaling. This mechanism allows for a previously unrecognized crosstalk between redox regulators and signaling pathways, governed by, for example, receptor tyrosine kinases and integrins, which control cell proliferation and migration. RECENT ADVANCES A large number of different molecules, in addition to hydrogen peroxide, have been found to induce PTP inactivation, including lipid peroxides, reactive nitrogen species, and hydrogen sulfide. Characterization of oxidized PTPs has identified different types of oxidative modifications that are likely to display differential sensitivity to various reducing systems. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that PTP oxidation occurs in a temporally and spatially restricted manner. Studies in cell and animal models indicate altered PTP oxidation in models of common diseases, such as cancer and metabolic/cardiovascular disease. Novel methods have appeared that allow characterization of global PTP oxidation. CRITICAL ISSUES As the understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of PTP oxidation is developing, it will be important to establish experimental procedures that allow analyses of PTP oxidation, and its regulation, in physiological and pathophysiological settings. Future studies should also aim to establish specific connections between various oxidants, specific PTPs, and defined signaling contexts. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Modulation of PTP activity still appears as a valid strategy for correction or inhibition of dys-regulated cell signaling. Continued studies on PTP oxidation might present yet unrecognized means to exploit this regulatory mechanism for pharmacological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Frijhoff
- 1 Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
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Belousov VV, Enikolopov GN, Mishina NM. [Compartmentalization of ROS-mediated signal transduction]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014; 39:383-99. [PMID: 24707719 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162013040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The localization of signaling molecules close to their targets is the central principle of cell signaling. The colocalization of multicomponent signaling complexes is realized through protein scaffolds that provide better specificity than undirected diffusion ofthe same components. ROS-generating complexes have been suggested to follow this principle by specific intracellular localization of ROS production and the limitation of ROS diffusion distances. However, the lack of adequate methods did not allow direct detection of local ROS production to confirm the model ofredox signaling compartmentalization. Nevertheless, evidences of local ROS production and restriction of diffusion were provided by kinetic modeling and data on the subcellular localization of NADPH-oxidase isoforms, their adapter proteins and local restriction of ROS diffusion. Here we shall discuss the properties of antioxidant system which prevents uncontrolled ROS diffusion from the sites of generation to the adjacent subcellular compartments; the current data of the specific localization NADPH-oxidases activity and its influence on intracellular processes; the recent evidences of the ROS diffusion restriction.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Adhesion and migration induced by cytokines or growth factors are well-organized processes in cellular motility. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are specifically produced by the Nox family of NADPH oxidases. RECENT ADVANCES The signal transduction of migration and adhesion depends on ROS produced by Nox enzymes and factors that initiate migration and adhesion and stimulate cellular ROS formation. CRITICAL ISSUES The identification of molecular targets of ROS formation in the signal transduction of adhesion and migration is still in its beginnings, but a site and isoform-specific contribution of Nox enzymes to this process becomes apparent. Nox-derived ROS, therefore, act as second messengers that are specifically modifying signaling proteins involved in adhesion and migration. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Individual protein targets of Nox-mediated redox signaling in different cell types and tissues will be identified. Isoform-specific Nox inhibitors will be developed to modulate the ROS-dependent component of migration and adhesion. These compounds might be suited to elicit differential effects between pathophysiologic and physiologic adhesion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Leach DA, Need EF, Trotta AP, Grubisha MJ, DeFranco DB, Buchanan G. Hic-5 influences genomic and non-genomic actions of the androgen receptor in prostate myofibroblasts. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 384:185-99. [PMID: 24440747 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
There is extensive knowledge of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in cancer cells, but less regarding androgen action in stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment. We report here the genome-wide effects of a stromal cell specific molecular adapter and AR coregulator, hydrogen peroxide-inducible gene 5 (Hic-5/TGFB1I1), on AR function in prostate myofibroblasts. Following androgen stimulation, Hic-5 rapidly translocates to the nucleus, coincident with increased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. As a coregulator, Hic-5 acted to amplify or inhibit regulation of approximately 50% of AR target genes, affected androgen regulation of growth, cell adhesion, motility and invasion. These data suggest Hic-5 as a transferable adaptor between focal adhesions and the nucleus of prostate myofibroblasts, where it acts a key mediator of the specificity and sensitivity of AR signaling. We propose a model in which Hic-5 coordinates AR signaling with adhesion and extracellular matrix contacts to regulate cell behavior in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Leach
- Cancer Biology Group, The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eleanor F Need
- Cancer Biology Group, The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew P Trotta
- Cancer Biology Group, The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Melanie J Grubisha
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donald B DeFranco
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Grant Buchanan
- Cancer Biology Group, The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Usatyuk PV, Fu P, Mohan V, Epshtein Y, Jacobson JR, Gomez-Cambronero J, Wary KK, Bindokas V, Dudek SM, Salgia R, Garcia JGN, Natarajan V. Role of c-Met/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3k)/Akt signaling in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-mediated lamellipodia formation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and motility of lung endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:13476-91. [PMID: 24634221 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.527556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mediated signaling promotes cell proliferation and migration in a variety of cell types and plays a key role in tumorigenesis. As cell migration is important to angiogenesis, we characterized HGF-mediated effects on the formation of lamellipodia, a pre-requisite for migration using human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs). HGF, in a dose-dependent manner, induced c-Met phosphorylation (Tyr-1234/1235, Tyr-1349, Ser-985, Tyr-1003, and Tyr-1313), activation of PI3k (phospho-Yp85) and Akt (phospho-Thr-308 and phospho-Ser-473) and potentiated lamellipodia formation and HLMVEC migration. Inhibition of c-Met kinase by SU11274 significantly attenuated c-Met, PI3k, and Akt phosphorylation, suppressed lamellipodia formation and endothelial cell migration. LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3k, abolished HGF-induced PI3k (Tyr-458), and Akt (Thr-308 and Ser-473) phosphorylation and suppressed lamellipodia formation. Furthermore, HGF stimulated p47(phox)/Cortactin/Rac1 translocation to lamellipodia and ROS generation. Moreover, inhibition of c-Met/PI3k/Akt signaling axis and NADPH oxidase attenuated HGF- induced lamellipodia formation, ROS generation and cell migration. Ex vivo experiments with mouse aortic rings revealed a role for c-Met signaling in HGF-induced sprouting and lamellipodia formation. Taken together, these data provide evidence in support of a significant role for HGF-induced c-Met/PI3k/Akt signaling and NADPH oxidase activation in lamellipodia formation and motility of lung endothelial cells.
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Frijhoff J, Dagnell M, Augsten M, Beltrami E, Giorgio M, Östman A. The mitochondrial reactive oxygen species regulator p66Shc controls PDGF-induced signaling and migration through protein tyrosine phosphatase oxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 68:268-77. [PMID: 24378437 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor receptors induce a transient increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels upon receptor binding to promote signaling through oxidation of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Most studies have focused on NADPH oxidases as the dominant source of ROS to induce PTP oxidation. A potential additional regulator of growth factor-induced PTP oxidation is p66Shc, which stimulates mitochondrial ROS production. This study explores the contribution of p66Shc-induced ROS to PTP oxidation and growth factor receptor-induced signaling and migration through analyses of p66Shc-KO fibroblasts and cells with siRNA-mediated p66Shc downregulation. Analyses of PDGFβR phosphorylation in two independent cell systems demonstrated a decrease in PDGFβR phosphorylation after p66Shc deletion or downregulation, which occurred in a partially site-selective and antioxidant-sensitive manner. Deletion of p66Shc also reduced PDGF-induced activation of downstream signaling of Erk, Akt, PLCγ-1, and FAK. Importantly, reduced levels of p66Shc led to decreased oxidation of DEP1, PTP1B, and SHP2 after PDGF stimulation. The cell biological relevance of these findings was indicated by demonstration of a significantly reduced migratory response in PDGF-stimulated p66Shc-KO fibroblasts, consistent with reduced PDGFβR-Y1021 and PLCγ-1 phosphorylation. Downregulation of p66Shc also reduced EGFR phosphorylation and signaling, indicating that the positive role of p66Shc in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling is potentially general. Moreover, downregulation of the mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide scavenger peroxiredoxin 3 increased PDGFβR phosphorylation, showing that mitochondrial ROS in general promote PDGFβR signaling. This study thus identifies a previously unrecognized role for p66Shc in the regulation of PTP oxidation controlling growth factor-induced signaling and migration. In more general terms, the study indicates a regulatory role for mitochondrial-derived ROS in the control of PTP oxidation influencing growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Frijhoff
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Dagnell
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Augsten
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Beltrami
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Arne Östman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Walsh TG, Berndt MC, Carrim N, Cowman J, Kenny D, Metharom P. The role of Nox1 and Nox2 in GPVI-dependent platelet activation and thrombus formation. Redox Biol 2014; 2:178-86. [PMID: 24494191 PMCID: PMC3909778 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of the platelet-specific collagen receptor, glycoprotein (GP) VI, induces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; however the relevance of ROS to GPVI-mediated platelet responses remains unclear. Objective The objective of this study was to explore the role of the ROS-producing NADPH oxidase (Nox)1 and 2 complexes in GPVI-dependent platelet activation and collagen-induced thrombus formation. Methods and results ROS production was measured by quantitating changes in the oxidation-sensitive dye, H2DCF-DA, following platelet activation with the GPVI-specific agonist, collagen related peptide (CRP). Using a pharmacological inhibitor specific for Nox1, 2-acetylphenothiazine (ML171), and Nox2 deficient mice, we show that Nox1 is the key Nox homolog regulating GPVI-dependent ROS production. Nox1, but not Nox2, was essential for CRP-dependent thromboxane (Tx)A2 production, which was mediated in part through p38 MAPK signaling; while neither Nox1 nor Nox2 was significantly involved in regulating CRP-induced platelet aggregation/integrin αIIbβ3 activation, platelet spreading, or dense granule and α-granule release (ATP release and P-selectin surface expression, respectively). Ex-vivo perfusion analysis of mouse whole blood revealed that both Nox1 and Nox2 were involved in collagen-mediated thrombus formation at arterial shear. Conclusion Together these results demonstrate a novel role for Nox1 in regulating GPVI-induced ROS production, which is essential for optimal p38 activation and subsequent TxA2 production, providing an explanation for reduced thrombus formation following Nox1 inhibition. Nox1, but not Nox2 mediates GPVI-induced ROS production. GPVI-specific, CRP-activated platelet aggregation, spreading, secretion and αIIbβ3 activation is Nox1/2-independent. GPVI-induced thromboxane A2 production is ROS-dependent, which is mediated by p38 signaling. Collagen-induced ROS production and aggregation is Nox1-dependent. Both Nox1 and Nox2 regulate collagen-induced thrombus formation at arterial shear.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Walsh
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M C Berndt
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland ; Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - N Carrim
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Cowman
- Department of Molecular Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Kenny
- Department of Molecular Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Metharom
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland ; Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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TRAF4 is a novel phosphoinositide-binding protein modulating tight junctions and favoring cell migration. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001726. [PMID: 24311986 PMCID: PMC3848981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer-associated TRAF4 protein has a TRAF domain that is a bona fide phosphoinositide-binding domain and involved in the modulation of tight junctions and cell migration. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) is frequently overexpressed in carcinomas, suggesting a specific role in cancer. Although TRAF4 protein is predominantly found at tight junctions (TJs) in normal mammary epithelial cells (MECs), it accumulates in the cytoplasm of malignant MECs. How TRAF4 is recruited and functions at TJs is unclear. Here we show that TRAF4 possesses a novel phosphoinositide (PIP)-binding domain crucial for its recruitment to TJs. Of interest, this property is shared by the other members of the TRAF protein family. Indeed, the TRAF domain of all TRAF proteins (TRAF1 to TRAF6) is a bona fide PIP-binding domain. Molecular and structural analyses revealed that the TRAF domain of TRAF4 exists as a trimer that binds up to three lipids using basic residues exposed at its surface. Cellular studies indicated that TRAF4 acts as a negative regulator of TJ and increases cell migration. These functions are dependent from its ability to interact with PIPs. Our results suggest that TRAF4 overexpression might contribute to breast cancer progression by destabilizing TJs and favoring cell migration. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 4, also known as TRAF4, is an unusual member of the TRAF protein family. While TRAFs are primarily known as regulators of inflammation, antiviral responses, and apoptosis, research on TRAF4 has identified its involvement in development and cancer. Importantly TRAF4 overexpression has been associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancers. TRAF4 has multiple subcellular localizations: to the plasma membrane in tight junctions (TJs), cytoplasmic and nuclear. The recruitment mechanisms and the functional impact of these distinct localizations are not completely understood. Here we investigate how TRAF4 is recruited to TJs and its involvement in cell–cell contacts in mammary epithelial cells (MECs). We show that the TRAF domain of all TRAFs contains a lipid binding module, and that TRAF4 uses this domain to form a trimeric complex that associates with phosphoinositides at the plasma membrane. Moreover this interaction is necessary for its recruitment to TJs. Additionally, we show that through its interaction with lipids TRAF4 delays TJ assembly and increases cell migration. We propose that TRAF4 has an important function in cancer progression by destabilizing TJs and favoring cell migration.
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Martín MV, Distefano AM, Zabaleta EJ, Pagnussat GC. New insights into the functional roles of reactive oxygen species during embryo sac development and fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:doi: 10.4161/psb.25714. [PMID: 23887494 PMCID: PMC4091057 DOI: 10.4161/psb.25714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Previously considered as toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are emerging as essential signaling molecules in eukaryotes. Recent evidence showed that maintenance of ROS homeostasis during female gametophyte development is crucial for embryo sac patterning and fertilization. Although ROS are exclusively detected in the central cell of mature embryo sacs, the study of mutants deficient in ROS homeostasis suggests that controlled oxidative bursts might take place earlier during gametophyte development. Also, a ROS burst that depends on pollination takes place inside the embryo sac. This oxidative response might be required for pollen tube growth arrest and for sperm cell release. In this mini-review, we will focus on new insights into the role of ROS during female gametophyte development and fertilization. Special focus will be made on the mitochondrial Mn-Superoxide dismutase (MSD1), which has been recently reported to be essential for maintaining ROS homeostasis during embryo sac formation.
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Selective activation of oxidized PTP1B by the thioredoxin system modulates PDGF-β receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:13398-403. [PMID: 23901112 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1302891110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory reversible oxidation of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) is an important regulatory mechanism in growth factor signaling. Studies on PTP oxidation have focused on pathways that increase or decrease reactive oxygen species levels and thereby affect PTP oxidation. The processes involved in reactivation of oxidized PTPs remain largely unknown. Here the role of the thioredoxin (Trx) system in reactivation of oxidized PTPs was analyzed using a combination of in vitro and cell-based assays. Cells lacking the major Trx reductase TrxR1 (Txnrd1(-/-)) displayed increased oxidation of PTP1B, whereas SHP2 oxidation was unchanged. Furthermore, in vivo-oxidized PTP1B was reduced by exogenously added Trx system components, whereas SHP2 oxidation remained unchanged. Trx1 reduced oxidized PTP1B in vitro but failed to reactivate oxidized SHP2. Interestingly, the alternative TrxR1 substrate TRP14 also reactivated oxidized PTP1B, but not SHP2. Txnrd1-depleted cells displayed increased phosphorylation of PDGF-β receptor, and an enhanced mitogenic response, after PDGF-BB stimulation. The TrxR inhibitor auranofin also increased PDGF-β receptor phosphorylation. This effect was not observed in cells specifically lacking PTP1B. Together these results demonstrate that the Trx system, including both Trx1 and TRP14, impacts differentially on the oxidation of individual PTPs, with a preference of PTP1B over SHP2 activation. The studies demonstrate a previously unrecognized pathway for selective redox-regulated control of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling.
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