1
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Abdualkader AM, Karwi QG, Lopaschuk GD, Al Batran R. The role of branched-chain amino acids and their downstream metabolites in mediating insulin resistance. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2024; 27:13040. [PMID: 39007094 PMCID: PMC11239365 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2024.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Elevated levels of circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and their associated metabolites have been strongly linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms linking increased BCAA levels with these conditions remain elusive. In this review, we highlight the key organs involved in maintaining BCAA homeostasis and discuss how obesity and insulin resistance disrupt the intricate interplay among these organs, thus affecting BCAA balance. Additionally, we outline recent research shedding light on the impact of tissue-specific or systemic modulation of BCAA metabolism on circulating BCAA levels, their metabolites, and insulin sensitivity, while also identifying specific knowledge gaps and areas requiring further investigation. Finally, we summarize the effects of BCAA supplementation or restriction on obesity and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdualrahman Mohammed Abdualkader
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Cardiometabolic Health, Diabetes and Obesity Research Network, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Qutuba G. Karwi
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Gary D. Lopaschuk
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rami Al Batran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Cardiometabolic Health, Diabetes and Obesity Research Network, Montréal, QC, Canada
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2
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Wang H, Shen M, Shu X, Guo B, Jia T, Feng J, Lu Z, Chen Y, Lin J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, Sun D. Cardiac Metabolism, Reprogramming, and Diseases. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:71-84. [PMID: 37668897 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for the largest bulk of deaths worldwide, posing a massive burden on societies and the global healthcare system. Besides, the incidence and prevalence of these diseases are on the rise, demanding imminent action to revert this trend. Cardiovascular pathogenesis harbors a variety of molecular and cellular mechanisms among which dysregulated metabolism is of significant importance and may even proceed other mechanisms. The healthy heart metabolism primarily relies on fatty acids for the ultimate production of energy through oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Other metabolites such as glucose, amino acids, and ketone bodies come next. Under pathological conditions, there is a shift in metabolic pathways and the preference of metabolites, termed metabolic remodeling or reprogramming. In this review, we aim to summarize cardiovascular metabolism and remodeling in different subsets of CVD to come up with a new paradigm for understanding and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichang Wang
- Heart Hospital, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofei Shu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tengfei Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxu Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zuocheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Institute for Hospital Management Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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3
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Wei J, Duan X, Chen J, Zhang D, Xu J, Zhuang J, Wang S. Metabolic adaptations in pressure overload hypertrophic heart. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:95-111. [PMID: 37768435 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This review article offers a detailed examination of metabolic adaptations in pressure overload hypertrophic hearts, a condition that plays a pivotal role in the progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The paper delves into the complex interplay between various metabolic pathways, including glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, branched-chain amino acid metabolism, and ketone body metabolism. In-depth insights into the shifts in substrate utilization, the role of different transporter proteins, and the potential impact of hypoxia-induced injuries are discussed. Furthermore, potential therapeutic targets and strategies that could minimize myocardial injury and promote cardiac recovery in the context of pressure overload hypertrophy (POH) are examined. This work aims to contribute to a better understanding of metabolic adaptations in POH, highlighting the need for further research on potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wei
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefei Duan
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaying Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dengwen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jindong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Linzhi People's Hospital, Linzhi, Tibet, China.
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4
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Li T, Zhao L, Li Y, Dang M, Lu J, Lu Z, Huang Q, Yang Y, Feng Y, Wang X, Jian Y, Wang H, Guo Y, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Fan S, Wu S, Fan H, Kuang F, Zhang G. PPM1K mediates metabolic disorder of branched-chain amino acid and regulates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating ferroptosis in neurons. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:634. [PMID: 37752100 PMCID: PMC10522625 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a neurological disorder caused by vascular stenosis or occlusion, accounting for approximately 87% of strokes. Clinically, the most effective therapy for ischemic stroke is vascular recanalization, which aims to rescue neurons undergoing ischemic insults. Although reperfusion therapy is the most effective treatment for ischemic stroke, it still has limited benefits for many patients, and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a widely recognized cause of poor prognosis. Here, we aim to investigate the mechanism of protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1 K (PPM1K) mediates metabolic disorder of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) by promoting fatty acid oxidation led to ferroptosis after cerebral I/R injury. We established the I/R model in mice and used BT2, a highly specific BCAA dehydrogenase (BCKD) kinase inhibitor to promote BCAA metabolism. It was further verified by lentivirus knocking down PPM1K in neurons. We found that BCAA levels were elevated after I/R injury due to dysfunctional oxidative degradation caused by phosphorylated BCKD E1α subunit (BCKDHA). Additionally, the level of phosphorylated BCKDHA was determined by decreased PPM1K in neurons. We next demonstrated that BCAA could induce oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis in primary cultured cortical neurons in vitro. Our results further showed that BT2 could reduce neuronal ferroptosis by enhancing BCAA oxidation through inhibition of BCKDHA phosphorylation. We further found that defective BCAA catabolism could induce neuronal ferroptosis by PPM1K knockdown. Furthermore, BT2 was found to alleviate neurological behavior disorders after I/R injury in mice, and the effect was similar to ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. Our findings reveal a novel role of BCAA in neuronal ferroptosis after cerebral ischemia and provide a new potential target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meijuan Dang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jialiang Lu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziwei Lu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiao Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yating Jian
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Heying Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Songhua Fan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fang Kuang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Guilian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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Moissl AP, Lorkowski S, Meinitzer A, Pilz S, Scharnagl H, Delgado GE, Kleber ME, Krämer BK, Pieske B, Grübler MR, Brussee H, von Lewinski D, Toplak H, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, März W, Tomaschitz A. Association of branched-chain amino acids with mortality-the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. iScience 2023; 26:106459. [PMID: 37020954 PMCID: PMC10067756 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are effectors of metabolic diseases, but their impact on mortality is largely unknown. We investigated the association of BCAA with risk factors and mortality in 2,236 participants of the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study using linear and Cox regression. Adiponectin, hemoglobin, C-peptide, hemoglobin A1c, and homoarginine showed the strongest association with BCAA concentration (all p < 0.001). During a median follow-up of 10.5 years, 715 participants died, including 450 cardiovascular-related deaths. BCAA concentrations were inversely associated with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (HR [95% CI] per 1-SD increase in log-BCAA: 0.75 [0.69-0.82] and 0.72 [0.65-0.80], respectively) after adjustment for potential confounders. BCAAs are directly associated with metabolic risk but inversely with mortality in persons with intermediate-to-high cardiovascular risk. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of BCAA in the context of cardiovascular diseases.
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Ogawa T, Kouzu H, Osanami A, Tatekoshi Y, Sato T, Kuno A, Fujita Y, Ino S, Shimizu M, Toda Y, Ohwada W, Yano T, Tanno M, Miki T, Miura T. Downregulation of extramitochondrial BCKDH and its uncoupling from AMP deaminase in type 2 diabetic OLETF rat hearts. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15608. [PMID: 36802195 PMCID: PMC9938007 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism is dysregulated in cardiometabolic diseases. We previously demonstrated that upregulated AMP deaminase 3 (AMPD3) impairs cardiac energetics in a rat model of obese type 2 diabetes, Otsuka Long-Evans-Tokushima fatty (OLETF). Here, we hypothesized that the cardiac BCAA levels and the activity of branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), a rate-limiting enzyme in BCAA metabolism, are altered by type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and that upregulated AMPD3 expression is involved in the alteration. Performing proteomic analysis combined with immunoblotting, we discovered that BCKDH localizes not only to mitochondria but also to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it interacts with AMPD3. Knocking down AMPD3 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) increased BCKDH activity, suggesting that AMPD3 negatively regulates BCKDH. Compared with control rats (Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka [LETO] rats), OLETF rats exhibited 49% higher cardiac BCAA levels and 49% lower BCKDH activity. In the cardiac ER of the OLETF rats, BCKDH-E1α subunit expression was downregulated, while AMPD3 expression was upregulated, resulting in an 80% lower AMPD3-E1α interaction compared to LETO rats. Knocking down E1α expression in NRCMs upregulated AMPD3 expression and recapitulated the imbalanced AMPD3-BCKDH expressions observed in OLETF rat hearts. E1α knockdown in NRCMs inhibited glucose oxidation in response to insulin, palmitate oxidation, and lipid droplet biogenesis under oleate loading. Collectively, these data revealed previously unrecognized extramitochondrial localization of BCKDH in the heart and its reciprocal regulation with AMPD3 and imbalanced AMPD3-BCKDH interactions in OLETF. Downregulation of BCKDH in cardiomyocytes induced profound metabolic changes that are observed in OLETF hearts, providing insight into mechanisms contributing to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Hidemichi Kouzu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Arata Osanami
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Yuki Tatekoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal TransductionSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Department of PharmacologySapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Yugo Fujita
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Shoya Ino
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Masaki Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Yuki Toda
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Wataru Ohwada
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Toshiyuki Yano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Masaya Tanno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Takayuki Miki
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic MedicineSapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHokkaido University of ScienceSapporoJapan
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7
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Abstract
Research conducted in the past 15 years has yielded crucial insights that are reshaping our understanding of the systems physiology of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism and the molecular mechanisms underlying the close relationship between BCAA homeostasis and cardiovascular health. The rapidly evolving literature paints a complex picture, in which numerous tissue-specific and disease-specific modes of BCAA regulation initiate a diverse set of molecular mechanisms that connect changes in BCAA homeostasis to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. In this Review, we outline the current understanding of the major factors regulating BCAA abundance and metabolic fate, highlight molecular mechanisms connecting impaired BCAA homeostasis to cardiovascular disease, discuss the epidemiological evidence connecting BCAAs with various cardiovascular disease states and identify current knowledge gaps requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W McGarrah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Phillip J White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Hatahet J, Cook TM, Bonomo RR, Elshareif N, Gavini CK, White CR, Jesse J, Mansuy-Aubert V, Aubert G. Fecal microbiome transplantation and tributyrin improves early cardiac dysfunction and modifies the BCAA metabolic pathway in a diet induced pre-HFpEF mouse model. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1105581. [PMID: 36844730 PMCID: PMC9944585 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1105581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 50% of patients with heart failure present with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and 80% of them are overweight or obese. In this study we developed an obesity associated pre-HFpEF mouse model and showed an improvement in both systolic and diastolic early dysfunction following fecal microbiome transplant (FMT). Our study suggests that the gut microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acid butyrate plays a significant role in this improvement. Cardiac RNAseq analysis showed butyrate to significantly upregulate ppm1k gene that encodes protein phosphatase 2Cm (PP2Cm) which dephosphorylates and activates branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) enzyme, and in turn increases the catabolism of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs). Following both FMT and butyrate treatment, the level of inactive p-BCKDH in the heart was reduced. These findings show that gut microbiome modulation can alleviate early cardiac mechanics dysfunction seen in the development of obesity associated HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jomana Hatahet
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Tyler M Cook
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Raiza R Bonomo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Nadia Elshareif
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Chaitanya K Gavini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chelsea R White
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Jason Jesse
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Virginie Mansuy-Aubert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Aubert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
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9
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Doestzada M, Zhernakova DV, C L van den Munckhof I, Wang D, Kurilshikov A, Chen L, Bloks VW, van Faassen M, Rutten JHW, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Wijmenga C, Riksen NP, Zhernakova A, Kuipers F, Fu J. Systematic analysis of relationships between plasma branched-chain amino acid concentrations and cardiometabolic parameters: an association and Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med 2022; 20:485. [PMID: 36522747 PMCID: PMC9753387 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) are essential amino acids that are associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). However, there are still only limited insights into potential direct associations between BCAAs and a wide range of CMD parameters, especially those remaining after correcting for covariates and underlying causal relationships. METHODS To shed light on these relationships, we systematically characterized the associations between plasma BCAA concentrations and a large panel of 537 CMD parameters (including atherosclerosis-related parameters, fat distribution, plasma cytokine concentrations and cell counts, circulating concentrations of cardiovascular-related proteins and plasma metabolites) in 1400 individuals from the Dutch population cohort LifeLines DEEP and 294 overweight individuals from the 300OB cohort. After correcting for age, sex, and BMI, we assessed associations between individual BCAAs and CMD parameters. We further assessed the underlying causality using Mendelian randomization. RESULTS A total of 838 significant associations were detected for 409 CMD parameters. BCAAs showed both common and specific associations, with the most specific associations being detected for isoleucine. Further, we found that obesity status substantially affected the strength and direction of associations for valine, which cannot be corrected for using BMI as a covariate. Subsequent univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR), after removing BMI-associated SNPs, identified seven significant causal relationships from four CMD traits to BCAA levels, mostly for diabetes-related parameters. However, no causal effects of BCAAs on CMD parameters were supported. CONCLUSIONS Our cross-sectional association study reports a large number of associations between BCAAs and CMD parameters. Our results highlight some specific associations for isoleucine, as well as obesity-specific effects for valine. MR-based causality analysis suggests that altered BCAA levels can be a consequence of diabetes and alteration in lipid metabolism. We found no MR evidence to support a causal role for BCAAs in CMD. These findings provide evidence to (re)evaluate the clinical importance of individual BCAAs in CMD diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Doestzada
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daria V Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Center for Computer Technologies, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Inge C L van den Munckhof
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Daoming Wang
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kurilshikov
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lianmin Chen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Faassen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost H W Rutten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department for Genomics Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, European Institute of Healthy Ageing (ERIBA), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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10
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Branched-Chain Amino Acids Are Linked with Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathology and Cognitive Deficits. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213523. [PMID: 36359919 PMCID: PMC9658564 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder with a complex pathophysiology. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a strong risk factor for AD that shares similar abnormal features including metabolic dysregulation and brain pathology such as amyloid and/or Tau deposits. Emerging evidence suggests that circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with T2D. While excess BCAAs are shown to be harmful to neurons, its connection to AD is poorly understood. Here we show that individuals with AD have elevated circulating BCAAs and their metabolites compared to healthy individuals, and that a BCAA metabolite is correlated with the severity of dementia. APPSwe mouse model of AD also displayed higher plasma BCAAs compared to controls. In pursuit of understanding a potential causality, BCAA supplementation to HT-22 neurons was found to reduce genes critical for neuronal health while increasing phosphorylated Tau. Moreover, restricting BCAAs from diet delayed cognitive decline and lowered AD-related pathology in the cortex and hippocampus in APP/PS1 mice. BCAA restriction for two months was sufficient to correct glycemic control and increased/restored dopamine that were severely reduced in APP/PS1 controls. Treating 5xFAD mice that show early brain pathology with a BCAA-lowering compound recapitulated the beneficial effects of BCAA restriction on brain pathology and neurotransmitters including norepinephrine and serotonin. Collectively, this study reveals a positive association between circulating BCAAs and AD. Our findings suggest that BCAAs impair neuronal functions whereas BCAA-lowering alleviates AD-related pathology and cognitive decline, thus establishing a potential causal link between BCAAs and AD progression.
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11
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Vanweert F, Schrauwen P, Phielix E. Role of branched-chain amino acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes-related metabolic disturbances BCAA metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:35. [PMID: 35931683 PMCID: PMC9356071 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism has been considered to have an emerging role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disturbances in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several studies showed elevated plasma BCAA levels in humans with insulin resistance and patients with T2D, although the underlying reason is unknown. Dysfunctional BCAA catabolism could theoretically be an underlying factor. In vitro and animal work collectively show that modulation of the BCAA catabolic pathway alters key metabolic processes affecting glucose homeostasis, although an integrated understanding of tissue-specific BCAA catabolism remains largely unknown, especially in humans. Proof-of-concept studies in rodents -and to a lesser extent in humans – strongly suggest that enhancing BCAA catabolism improves glucose homeostasis in metabolic disorders, such as obesity and T2D. In this review, we discuss several hypothesized mechanistic links between BCAA catabolism and insulin resistance and overview current available tools to modulate BCAA catabolism in vivo. Furthermore, this review considers whether enhancing BCAA catabolism forms a potential future treatment strategy to promote metabolic health in insulin resistance and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Froukje Vanweert
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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12
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Huang S, Huang M, Tian S, Meng Z, Yan S, Teng M, Zhou Z, Diao J, Zhu W. Imazalil and its metabolite imazalil-M caused developmental toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos via cell apoptosis mediated by metabolic disorders. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 184:105113. [PMID: 35715052 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Imazalil (IMZ) is a highly effective fungicide employed in crop production. It has been consistently detected in aquatic environments. The main environmental metabolite of IMZ is imazalil-M (IMZ-M). Limited studies have focused on the toxicity of IMZ and IMZ-M in aquatic organisms. This study systematically evaluated the developmental toxicity of IMZ and IMZ-M on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and explored the potential mechanisms involved. The results showed that IMZ and IMZ-M caused developmental toxicity, characterized by decreased heart rate, hatching inhibition, and pericardial cyst in zebrafish embryos. Subsequently, acridine orange (AO) staining revealed cell apoptosis in the area around the heart regions of zebrafish larvae. Besides, the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes also varied significantly. Furthermore, 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis showed that IMZ and IMZ-M exposure could induce metabolic profiles disorder in zebrafish larvae. Importantly, zebrafish exposure to IMZ and IMZ-M significantly affected the metabolism of branched - chain amino acids, energy, and ketone bodies, which are related to cell apoptosis. Overall, the toxicity of IMZ and IMZ-M in zebrafish embryos and larvae was characterized, suggesting a theoretical basis for the potential environmental risks of IMZ and its metabolite IMZ-M on non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Huang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ming Huang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sinuo Tian
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyuan Meng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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13
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Thongboonkerd V, Chaiyarit S. Gel-Based and Gel-Free Phosphoproteomics to Measure and Characterize Mitochondrial Phosphoproteins. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e390. [PMID: 35275445 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrion is a key intracellular organelle regulating metabolic processes, oxidative stress, energy production, calcium homeostasis, and cell survival. Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial functions and cellular signaling pathways. Dysregulation of protein phosphorylation status can cause protein malfunction and abnormal signal transduction, leading to organ dysfunction and disease. Investigating the mitochondrial phosphoproteins is therefore crucial to better understand the molecular and pathogenic mechanisms of many metabolic disorders. Conventional analyses of phosphoproteins, for instance, via western blotting, can be done only for proteins for which specific antibodies to their phosphorylated forms are available. Moreover, such an approach is not suitable for large-scale study of phosphoproteins. Currently, proteomics represents an important tool for large-scale analysis of proteins and their post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation. Here, we provide step-by-step protocols for the proteomics analysis of mitochondrial phosphoproteins (the phosphoproteome), using renal tubular cells as an example. These protocols include methods to effectively isolate mitochondria and to validate the efficacy of mitochondrial enrichment as well as its purity. We also provide detailed protocols for performing both gel-based and gel-free phosphoproteome analyses. The gel-based analysis involves two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and phosphoprotein-specific staining, followed by protein identification via mass spectrometry, whereas the gel-free approach is based on in-solution mass spectrometric identification of specific phosphorylation sites and residues. In all, these approaches allow large-scale analyses of mitochondrial phosphoproteins that can be applied to other cells and tissues of interest. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Mitochondrial isolation/purification from renal tubular cells Support Protocol: Validation of enrichment efficacy and purity of mitochondrial isolation Basic Protocol 2: Gel-based phosphoproteome analysis Basic Protocol 3: Gel-free phosphoproteome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakdithep Chaiyarit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Piquereau J, Boitard SE, Ventura-Clapier R, Mericskay M. Metabolic Therapy of Heart Failure: Is There a Future for B Vitamins? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:30. [PMID: 35008448 PMCID: PMC8744601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a plague of the aging population in industrialized countries that continues to cause many deaths despite intensive research into more effective treatments. Although the therapeutic arsenal to face heart failure has been expanding, the relatively short life expectancy of HF patients is pushing towards novel therapeutic strategies. Heart failure is associated with drastic metabolic disorders, including severe myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction and systemic nutrient deprivation secondary to severe cardiac dysfunction. To date, no effective therapy has been developed to restore the cardiac energy metabolism of the failing myocardium, mainly due to the metabolic complexity and intertwining of the involved processes. Recent years have witnessed a growing scientific interest in natural molecules that play a pivotal role in energy metabolism with promising therapeutic effects against heart failure. Among these molecules, B vitamins are a class of water soluble vitamins that are directly involved in energy metabolism and are of particular interest since they are intimately linked to energy metabolism and HF patients are often B vitamin deficient. This review aims at assessing the value of B vitamin supplementation in the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Piquereau
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm Unit of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France; (S.E.B.); (R.V.-C.)
| | | | | | - Mathias Mericskay
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm Unit of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France; (S.E.B.); (R.V.-C.)
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15
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Mann G, Mora S, Madu G, Adegoke OAJ. Branched-chain Amino Acids: Catabolism in Skeletal Muscle and Implications for Muscle and Whole-body Metabolism. Front Physiol 2021; 12:702826. [PMID: 34354601 PMCID: PMC8329528 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.702826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are critical for skeletal muscle and whole-body anabolism and energy homeostasis. They also serve as signaling molecules, for example, being able to activate mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). This has implication for macronutrient metabolism. However, elevated circulating levels of BCAAs and of their ketoacids as well as impaired catabolism of these amino acids (AAs) are implicated in the development of insulin resistance and its sequelae, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and of some cancers, although other studies indicate supplements of these AAs may help in the management of some chronic diseases. Here, we first reviewed the catabolism of these AAs especially in skeletal muscle as this tissue contributes the most to whole body disposal of the BCAA. We then reviewed emerging mechanisms of control of enzymes involved in regulating BCAA catabolism. Such mechanisms include regulation of their abundance by microRNA and by post translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination. We also reviewed implications of impaired metabolism of BCAA for muscle and whole-body metabolism. We comment on outstanding questions in the regulation of catabolism of these AAs, including regulation of the abundance and post-transcriptional/post-translational modification of enzymes that regulate BCAA catabolism, as well the impact of circadian rhythm, age and mTORC1 on these enzymes. Answers to such questions may facilitate emergence of treatment/management options that can help patients suffering from chronic diseases linked to impaired metabolism of the BCAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Olasunkanmi A. J. Adegoke
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Narita K, Amiya E. Is branched-chain amino acid nutritional supplementation beneficial or detrimental in heart failure? World J Cardiol 2021; 13:163-169. [PMID: 34194634 PMCID: PMC8223699 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v13.i6.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia or cachexia is often complicated in heart failure. Nutritional support, particularly branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation, is a candidate treatment for improving sarcopenia or cachexia in elderly patients. However, the efficacy of BCAA supplementation in patients with heart failure has not been established, and the issue is comparatively more complex. Indeed, there are conflicting reports on the efficacy of BCAA supplementation. The evidence for including BCAA supplementation in treating patients with heart failure was reviewed, and the complexity of the issue was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Narita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Eisuke Amiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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17
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Metal dependent protein phosphatase PPM family in cardiac health and diseases. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110061. [PMID: 34091011 PMCID: PMC9107372 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is central to signal transduction in nearly every aspect of cellular function, including cardiovascular regulation and diseases. While protein kinases are often regarded as the molecular drivers in cellular signaling with high specificity and tight regulation, dephosphorylation mediated by protein phosphatases is also gaining increasing appreciation as an important part of the signal transduction network essential for the robustness, specificity and homeostasis of cell signaling. Metal dependent protein phosphatases (PPM, also known as protein phosphatases type 2C, PP2C) belong to a highly conserved family of protein phosphatases with unique biochemical and molecular features. Accumulating evidence also indicates important and specific functions of individual PPM isoform in signaling and cellular processes, including proliferation, senescence, apoptosis and metabolism. At the physiological level, abnormal PPM expression and activity have been implicated in major human diseases, including cancer, neurological and cardiovascular disorders. Finally, inhibitors for some of the PPM members have been developed as a potential therapeutic strategy for human diseases. In this review, we will focus on the background information about the biochemical and molecular features of major PPM family members, with emphasis on their demonstrated or potential roles in cardiac pathophysiology. The current challenge and potential directions for future investigations will also be highlighted.
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18
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Nodari A, Scambi I, Peroni D, Calabria E, Benati D, Mannucci S, Manfredi M, Frontini A, Visonà S, Bozzato A, Sbarbati A, Schena F, Marengo E, Krampera M, Galiè M. Interferon regulatory factor 7 impairs cellular metabolism in aging adipose-derived stromal cells. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs256230. [PMID: 34096605 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.256230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated immunity and widespread metabolic dysfunctions are the most relevant hallmarks of the passing of time over the course of adult life, and their combination at midlife is strongly related to increased vulnerability to diseases; however, the causal connection between them remains largely unclear. By combining multi-omics and functional analyses of adipose-derived stromal cells established from young (1 month) and midlife (12 months) mice, we show that an increase in expression of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) during adult life drives major metabolic changes, which include impaired mitochondrial function, altered amino acid biogenesis and reduced expression of genes involved in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation. Our results draw a new paradigm of aging as the 'sterile' activation of a cell-autonomous pathway of self-defense and identify a crucial mediator of this pathway, IRF7, as driver of metabolic dysfunction with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Nodari
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Scambi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Daniele Peroni
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Elisa Calabria
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Donatella Benati
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Mannucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Alessandria, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease - CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 20121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Visonà
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Bozzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Alessandria, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease - CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, Stem Cell Research Laboratory, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Mirco Galiè
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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19
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Walejko JM, Christopher BA, Crown SB, Zhang GF, Pickar-Oliver A, Yoneshiro T, Foster MW, Page S, van Vliet S, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer MJ, Carson MW, Brozinick JT, Hammond CD, Gimeno RE, Moseley MA, Kajimura S, Gersbach CA, Newgard CB, White PJ, McGarrah RW. Branched-chain α-ketoacids are preferentially reaminated and activate protein synthesis in the heart. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1680. [PMID: 33723250 PMCID: PMC7960706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and their cognate α-ketoacids (BCKA) are elevated in an array of cardiometabolic diseases. Here we demonstrate that the major metabolic fate of uniformly-13C-labeled α-ketoisovalerate ([U-13C]KIV) in the heart is reamination to valine. Activation of cardiac branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) by treatment with the BCKDH kinase inhibitor, BT2, does not impede the strong flux of [U-13C]KIV to valine. Sequestration of BCAA and BCKA away from mitochondrial oxidation is likely due to low levels of expression of the mitochondrial BCAA transporter SLC25A44 in the heart, as its overexpression significantly lowers accumulation of [13C]-labeled valine from [U-13C]KIV. Finally, exposure of perfused hearts to levels of BCKA found in obese rats increases phosphorylation of the translational repressor 4E-BP1 as well as multiple proteins in the MEK-ERK pathway, leading to a doubling of total protein synthesis. These data suggest that elevated BCKA levels found in obesity may contribute to pathologic cardiac hypertrophy via chronic activation of protein synthesis. Systemic modulation of branched-chain keto acid (BCKA) metabolism alters cardiac health. Here, the authors define the major fates of BCKA in the heart and demonstrate that acute exposure to BCKA levels found in obesity activates cardiac protein synthesis and markedly alters the heart phosphoproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn M Walejko
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bridgette A Christopher
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott B Crown
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adrian Pickar-Oliver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Matthew W Foster
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephani Page
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephan van Vliet
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - M Arthur Moseley
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Charles A Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Phillip J White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Robert W McGarrah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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20
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Kitaura Y, Shindo D, Ogawa T, Sato A, Shimomura Y. Antihypertensive drug valsartan as a novel BDK inhibitor. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105518. [PMID: 33636353 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) is affected by various physiological conditions and its abnormality is associated with glucose metabolism, heart disease, and neurological dysfunction. The first two steps of the BCAA metabolic pathway are common to the three BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, and valine). The second step is an irreversible rate-limited reaction catalyzed by branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), which is bound to a specific kinase, BCKDH kinase (BDK), and inactivated by phosphorylation. Here, we investigated potential new BDK inhibitors and discovered valsartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, as a new BDK inhibitor. BCKDH phosphorylation and the BCKDH-BDK interaction were inhibited by valsartan in vitro. Valsartan administration in rats resulted in increased BCKDH activity by decreasing the dephosphorylated level of BCKDH complex, bound forms of BDK from BCKDH complex as well as decreased plasma BCAA concentrations. Valsartan is a novel BDK inhibitor that competes with ATP, via a different mechanism from allosteric inhibitors. The BDK inhibitor has been shown to preserve cardiac function in pressure overload-induced heart failure mice and to attenuate insulin resistance in obese mice. Our findings suggest that valsartan is a potent seed compound for developing a powerful BDK inhibitor and useful medication for treating heart failure and metabolic diseases with suppressed BCAA catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kitaura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Daichi Shindo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ogawa
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayato Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Shimomura
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
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21
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Zhang F, Kerbl-Knapp J, Akhmetshina A, Korbelius M, Kuentzel KB, Vujić N, Hörl G, Paar M, Kratky D, Steyrer E, Madl T. Tissue-Specific Landscape of Metabolic Dysregulation during Ageing. Biomolecules 2021; 11:235. [PMID: 33562384 PMCID: PMC7914945 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of cellular metabolism is a hallmark of ageing. To understand the metabolic changes that occur as a consequence of the ageing process and to find biomarkers for age-related diseases, we conducted metabolomic analyses of the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung and spleen in young (9-10 weeks) and old (96-104 weeks) wild-type mice [mixed genetic background of 129/J and C57BL/6] using NMR spectroscopy. We found differences in the metabolic fingerprints of all tissues and distinguished several metabolites to be altered in most tissues, suggesting that they may be universal biomarkers of ageing. In addition, we found distinct tissue-clustered sets of metabolites throughout the organism. The associated metabolic changes may reveal novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of ageing and age-related diseases. Moreover, the identified metabolite biomarkers could provide a sensitive molecular read-out to determine the age of biologic tissues and organs and to validate the effectiveness and potential off-target effects of senolytic drug candidates on both a systemic and tissue-specific level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrong Zhang
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Jakob Kerbl-Knapp
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Alena Akhmetshina
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Melanie Korbelius
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Katharina Barbara Kuentzel
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Gerd Hörl
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Margret Paar
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Steyrer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Zhang X, Wang X, Xue Z, Zhan G, Ito Y, Guo Z. Prevention properties on cerebral ischemia reperfusion of medicine food homologous Dioscorea yam-derived diosgenin based on mediation of potential targets. Food Chem 2020; 345:128672. [PMID: 33352403 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
I/R (cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury) is the secondary complication of ischemic stroke patients that are immediately treated with drug thrombolysis or vascular recanalization in clinic. Diosgenin (DIO) purified from medicine food homologous (MFH) Dioscorea yam source is served as a fatal starting material to synthesize multifarious steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in medicinal field, and has previously been demonstrated the potential prevention of I/R. However, the detailed mechanisms of neuroprotective effects against I/R remain elusively understood. Here, a global proteomic dynamics of rat right hemisphere brains was executed to investigate the protein expression patterns with a quantitative LC-MSn. In total, 5043 proteins were identified and 418 ones were determined to be significantly dysregulated DEPs (differentially expressed proteins) in comparison of Sham verse I/R and I/R verse DIO after onset stage of I/R, among which 5 DEPs namely BICD2, HNRNPK, CEP41, PPM1K, and ARL2BP, whose biological functions were mainly clustered into the mediation of nervous system, were selected for further validation in vitro and in vivo, and the change tendency expectedly supported the proteomic findings. Additionally, the AUC value of the combined ROC of these 5 DEPs was 0.988 with P < 0.0001, higher than every single one. Collectively, these scientific findings attributed to a typical investigation of dietary Dioscorea-enriched diosgenin in MFH research, suggesting that diosgenin or its derivatives were potential to be developed into food supplements or healthy food products to reveal healthy benefits in natural prevention and reduction risk of I/R. This work also promoted reasonable consumption of Dioscorea yams and contributed to the function of diosgenin-derived products and their applications in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xingbin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhaowei Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guanqun Zhan
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bio-separation Technologies, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Zengjun Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Ould Amer Y, Hebert-Chatelain E. Insight into the Interactome of Intramitochondrial PKA Using Biotinylation-Proximity Labeling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218283. [PMID: 33167377 PMCID: PMC7663848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are fully integrated in cell signaling. Reversible phosphorylation is involved in adjusting mitochondrial physiology to the cellular needs. Protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates several substrates present at the external surface of mitochondria to maintain cellular homeostasis. However, few targets of PKA located inside the organelle are known. The aim of this work was to characterize the impact and the interactome of PKA located inside mitochondria. Our results show that the overexpression of intramitochondrial PKA decreases cellular respiration and increases superoxide levels. Using proximity-dependent biotinylation, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis and in silico phospho-site prediction, we identified 21 mitochondrial proteins potentially targeted by PKA. We confirmed the interaction of PKA with TIM44 using coimmunoprecipitation and observed that TIM44-S80 is a key residue for the interaction between the protein and the kinase. These findings provide insights into the interactome of intramitochondrial PKA and suggest new potential mechanisms in the regulation of mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Ould Amer
- Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada;
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
- Department of Biology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada;
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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24
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Shimada K, Matsui I, Inoue K, Matsumoto A, Yasuda S, Katsuma Y, Sakaguchi Y, Tanaka M, Sugimoto K, Kaimori JY, Takabatake Y, Isaka Y. Dietary casein, egg albumin, and branched-chain amino acids attenuate phosphate-induced renal tubulointerstitial injury in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19038. [PMID: 33149246 PMCID: PMC7643071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary phosphate intake is closely correlated with protein intake. However, the effects of the latter on phosphate-induced organ injuries remain uncertain. Herein, we investigated the effects of low (10.8%), moderate (23.0%), and high (35.2%) dietary casein and egg albumin administration on phosphate-induced organ injuries in rats. The moderate and high casein levels suppressed renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and maintained mitochondrial integrity in the kidney. The serum creatinine levels were suppressed only in the high casein group. Phosphate-induced muscle weakness was also ameliorated by high dietary casein. The urinary and fecal phosphate levels in the early experiment stage showed that dietary casein did not affect phosphate absorption from the intestine. High dietary egg albumin showed similar kidney protective effects, while the egg albumin effects on muscle weakness were only marginally significant. As the plasma branched-chain amino acid levels were elevated in casein- and egg albumin-fed rats, we analyzed their effects. Dietary supplementation of 10% branched-chain amino acids suppressed phosphate-induced kidney injury and muscle weakness. Although dietary protein restriction is recommended in cases of chronic kidney disease, our findings indicate that the dietary casein, egg albumin, and branched-chain amino acid effects might be reconsidered in the era of a phosphate-enriched diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Shimada
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Isao Matsui
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Inoue
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ayumi Matsumoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiichi Yasuda
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Katsuma
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakaguchi
- Department of Inter-organ Communication Research in Kidney Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 7-10-2 Tomoga-oka, Suma, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Health Science University, 1-9-27 Tenma, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-0043, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun-Ya Kaimori
- Department of Inter-organ Communication Research in Kidney Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Takabatake
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Naserkheil M, Bahrami A, Lee D, Mehrban H. Integrating Single-Step GWAS and Bipartite Networks Reconstruction Provides Novel Insights into Yearling Weight and Carcass Traits in Hanwoo Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101836. [PMID: 33050182 PMCID: PMC7601430 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hanwoo is an indigenous cattle breed in Korea and popular for meat production owing to its rapid growth and high-quality meat. Its yearling weight and carcass traits (backfat thickness, carcass weight, eye muscle area, and marbling score) are economically important for the selection of young and proven bulls. In recent decades, the advent of high throughput genotyping technologies has made it possible to perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for the detection of genomic regions associated with traits of economic interest in different species. In this study, we conducted a weighted single-step genome-wide association study which combines all genotypes, phenotypes and pedigree data in one step (ssGBLUP). It allows for the use of all SNPs simultaneously along with all phenotypes from genotyped and ungenotyped animals. Our results revealed 33 relevant genomic regions related to the traits of interest. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that the identified candidate genes were related to biological processes and functional terms that were involved in growth and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, these results suggest that the incorporation of GWAS results and network analysis can help us to better understand the genetic bases underlying growth and carcass traits. Abstract In recent years, studies on the biological mechanisms underlying complex traits have been facilitated by innovations in high-throughput genotyping technology. We conducted a weighted single-step genome-wide association study (WssGWAS) to evaluate backfat thickness, carcass weight, eye muscle area, marbling score, and yearling weight in a cohort of 1540 Hanwoo beef cattle using BovineSNP50 BeadChip. The WssGWAS uncovered thirty-three genomic regions that explained more than 1% of the additive genetic variance, mostly located on chromosomes 6 and 14. Among the identified window regions, seven quantitative trait loci (QTL) had pleiotropic effects and twenty-six QTL were trait-specific. Significant pathways implicated in the measured traits through Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis included the following: lipid biosynthetic process, regulation of lipid metabolic process, transport or localization of lipid, regulation of growth, developmental growth, and multicellular organism growth. Integration of GWAS results of the studied traits with pathway and network analyses facilitated the exploration of the respective candidate genes involved in several biological functions, particularly lipid and growth metabolism. This study provides novel insight into the genetic bases underlying complex traits and could be useful in developing breeding schemes aimed at improving growth and carcass traits in Hanwoo beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Naserkheil
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran; (M.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Abolfazl Bahrami
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran; (M.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Deukhwan Lee
- Department of Animal Life and Environment Sciences, Hankyong National University, Jungang-ro 327, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17579, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-670-5091
| | - Hossein Mehrban
- Department of Animal Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 88186-34141, Iran;
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Biswas D, Dao KT, Mercer A, Cowie AM, Duffley L, El Hiani Y, Kienesberger PC, Pulinilkunnil T. Branched-chain ketoacid overload inhibits insulin action in the muscle. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15597-15621. [PMID: 32878988 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs) are catabolites of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Intracellular BCKAs are cleared by branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), which is sensitive to inhibitory phosphorylation by BCKD kinase (BCKDK). Accumulation of BCKAs is an indicator of defective BCAA catabolism and has been correlated with glucose intolerance and cardiac dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether BCKAs directly alter insulin signaling and function in the skeletal and cardiac muscle cell. Furthermore, the role of excess fatty acids (FAs) in perturbing BCAA catabolism and BCKA availability merits investigation. By using immunoblotting and ultra-performance liquid chromatography MS/MS to analyze the hearts of fasted mice, we observed decreased BCAA-catabolizing enzyme expression and increased circulating BCKAs, but not BCAAs. In mice subjected to diet-induced obesity (DIO), we observed similar increases in circulating BCKAs with concomitant changes in BCAA-catabolizing enzyme expression only in the skeletal muscle. Effects of DIO were recapitulated by simulating lipotoxicity in skeletal muscle cells treated with saturated FA, palmitate. Exposure of muscle cells to high concentrations of BCKAs resulted in inhibition of insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation, decreased glucose uptake, and mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Altering intracellular clearance of BCKAs by genetic modulation of BCKDK and BCKDHA expression showed similar effects on AKT phosphorylation. BCKAs increased protein translation and mTORC1 activation. Pretreating cells with mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin restored BCKA's effect on insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation. This study provides evidence for FA-mediated regulation of BCAA-catabolizing enzymes and BCKA content and highlights the biological role of BCKAs in regulating muscle insulin signaling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipsikha Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Khoi T Dao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Angella Mercer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Andrew M Cowie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Luke Duffley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Petra C Kienesberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Thomas Pulinilkunnil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
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27
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Metal-dependent Ser/Thr protein phosphatase PPM family: Evolution, structures, diseases and inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107622. [PMID: 32650009 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases and kinases control multiple cellular events including proliferation, differentiation, and stress responses through regulating reversible protein phosphorylation, the most important post-translational modification. Members of metal-dependent protein phosphatase (PPM) family, also known as PP2C phosphatases, are Ser/Thr phosphatases that bind manganese/magnesium ions (Mn2+/Mg2+) in their active center and function as single subunit enzymes. In mammals, there are 20 isoforms of PPM phosphatases: PPM1A, PPM1B, PPM1D, PPM1E, PPM1F, PPM1G, PPM1H, PPM1J, PPM1K, PPM1L, PPM1M, PPM1N, ILKAP, PDP1, PDP2, PHLPP1, PHLPP2, PP2D1, PPTC7, and TAB1, whereas there are only 8 in yeast. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences of vertebrate PPM isoforms revealed that they can be divided into 12 different classes: PPM1A/PPM1B/PPM1N, PPM1D, PPM1E/PPM1F, PPM1G, PPM1H/PPM1J/PPM1M, PPM1K, PPM1L, ILKAP, PDP1/PDP2, PP2D1/PHLPP1/PHLPP2, TAB1, and PPTC7. PPM-family members have a conserved catalytic core region, which contains the metal-chelating residues. The different isoforms also have isoform specific regions within their catalytic core domain and terminal domains, and these regions may be involved in substrate recognition and/or functional regulation of the phosphatases. The twenty mammalian PPM phosphatases are involved in regulating diverse cellular functions, such as cell cycle control, cell differentiation, immune responses, and cell metabolism. Mutation, overexpression, or deletion of the PPM phosphatase gene results in abnormal cellular responses, which lead to various human diseases. This review focuses on the structures and biological functions of the PPM-phosphatase family and their associated diseases. The development of specific inhibitors against the PPM phosphatase family as a therapeutic strategy will also be discussed.
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28
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Alvarez X, Sestak K, Byrareddy SN, Mohan M. Long Term Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Administration Inhibits Proinflammatory Responses in Minor Salivary Glands of Chronically Simian Immunodeficieny Virus Infected Rhesus Macaques. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070713. [PMID: 32630206 PMCID: PMC7412369 DOI: 10.3390/v12070713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV/SIV-associated oral mucosal disease/dysfunction (HAOMD) (gingivitis/periodontitis/salivary adenitis) represents a major comorbidity affecting HIV patients on anti-retroviral therapy. Using a systems biology approach, we investigated molecular changes (mRNA/microRNA) underlying HAOMD and its modulation by phytocannabinoids (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC)) in uninfected (n = 5) and SIV-infected rhesus macaques untreated (VEH-untreated/SIV; n = 7) or treated with vehicle (VEH/SIV; n = 3) or ∆9-THC (THC/SIV; n = 3). Relative to controls, fewer mRNAs were upregulated in THC/SIV compared to VEH-untreated/SIV macaques. Gene enrichment analysis showed differential enrichment of biological functions involved in anti-viral defense, Type-I interferon, Toll-like receptor, RIG-1 and IL1R signaling in VEH-untreated/SIV macaques. We focused on the anti-ER-stress anterior gradient-2 (AGR2), epithelial barrier protecting and anti-dysbiotic WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain-2 (WFDC2) and glucocorticoid-induced anti-inflammatory TSC22D3 (TSC22-domain family member-3) that were significantly downregulated in oropharyngeal mucosa (OPM) of VEH-untreated/SIV macaques. All three proteins localized to minor salivary gland acini and secretory ducts and showed enhanced and reduced expression in OPM of THC/SIV and VEH/SIV macaques, respectively. Additionally, inflammation associated miR-21, miR-142-3p and miR-29b showed significantly higher expression in OPM of VEH-untreated/SIV macaques. TSC22D3 was validated as a target of miR-29b. These preliminary translational findings suggest that phytocannabinoids may safely and effectively reduce oral inflammatory responses in HIV/SIV and other (autoimmune) diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Alvarez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
| | - Karol Sestak
- PreCliniTria, LLC., Mandeville, LA 70471, USA;
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence: (S.N.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Mahesh Mohan
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.N.B.); (M.M.)
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29
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Geraets IME, Glatz JFC, Luiken JJFP, Nabben M. Pivotal role of membrane substrate transporters on the metabolic alterations in the pressure-overloaded heart. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1000-1012. [PMID: 30938418 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac pressure overload (PO), such as caused by aortic stenosis and systemic hypertension, commonly results in cardiac hypertrophy and may lead to the development of heart failure. PO-induced heart failure is among the leading causes of death worldwide, but its pathological origin remains poorly understood. Metabolic alterations are proposed to be an important contributor to PO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and failure. While the healthy adult heart mainly uses long-chain fatty acids (FAs) and glucose as substrates for energy metabolism and to a lesser extent alternative substrates, i.e. lactate, ketone bodies, and amino acids (AAs), the pressure-overloaded heart is characterized by a shift in energy metabolism towards a greater reliance on glycolysis and alternative substrates. A key-governing kinetic step of both FA and glucose fluxes is at the level of their substrate-specific membrane transporters. The relative presence of these transporters in the sarcolemma determines the cardiac substrate preference. Whether the cardiac utilization of alternative substrates is also governed by membrane transporters is not yet known. In this review, we discuss current insight into the role of membrane substrate transporters in the metabolic alterations occurring in the pressure-overloaded heart. Given the increasing evidence of a role for alternative substrates in these metabolic alterations, there is an urgent need to disclose the key-governing kinetic steps in their utilization as well. Taken together, membrane substrate transporters emerge as novel targets for metabolic interventions to prevent or treat PO-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilvy M E Geraets
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Azevedo RDS, Falcão KVG, Amaral IPG, Leite ACR, Bezerra RS. Mitochondria as targets for toxicity and metabolism research using zebrafish. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129634. [PMID: 32417171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of mitochondrial functions in zebrafish was initiated before the 1990s and has effectively supported many of the recent scientific advances in the functional studies of mitochondria. SCOPE OF REVIEW This work elaborates various peculiarities and general advances in the study of mitochondria using this animal model. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of zebrafish models in scientific research was initiated with structural studies of mitochondria. Then, toxicological studies involving chemical compounds were undertaken. Currently, there is a decisive tendency to use zebrafish to understand how chemicals impair mitochondrial bioenergetics. Zebrafish modeling has been fruitful for the analysis of ion homeostasis, especially for Ca2+ transport, since zebrafish and mammals have the same set of Ca2+ transporters and mitochondrial membrane microdomains. Based on zebrafish embryo studies, our understanding of ROS generation has also led to new insights. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE For the study of mitochondria, a new era was begun with the inclusion of zebrafish in bioenergetics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael D S Azevedo
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Kivia V G Falcão
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ian P G Amaral
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba - UFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Ana C R Leite
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotecnhology, Federal University of Alagoas - UFAL, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Ranilson S Bezerra
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
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31
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Ma J, Gao B, Wang R, Li X, Chen S. Transcriptome analyses of Ditylenchus destructor in responses to cold and desiccation stress. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20180057. [PMID: 32232317 PMCID: PMC7198036 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify molecular responses in Ditylenchus destructor to cold and desiccation by means of transcriptomes analyses. A total of 102,517 unigenes were obtained, with an average length of 1,076 bp, in which 58,453 (57%) had a functional annotation. A total of 1154 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) distributed over 1078 unigenes were detected. Gene expression profiles in response to cold and desiccation stress and the expression of specific stress-related genes were compared. Gene ontology analysis and pathway-based analysis were used to further investigate the functions of the differentially expressed genes. The reliability of the sequencing data was verified through quantitative real-time PCR analysis of 19 stress-related genes. RNA interference used to further assess the functions of the cold-related unigenes 15628 and 15596 showed that the knockdown of each of these genes led to decreased cold tolerance of D. destructor. Hence, this study revealed molecular processes and pathways active in cold- or dessication-treated nematodes. The transcriptome profiles presented in this study provide insight into the transcriptome complexity and will contribute to further understand stress tolerance in D. destructor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences /IPM centre of Hebei Province/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences /IPM centre of Hebei Province/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Rongyan Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences /IPM centre of Hebei Province/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences /IPM centre of Hebei Province/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Shulong Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences /IPM centre of Hebei Province/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
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32
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McLaughlin KL, Kew KA, McClung JM, Fisher-Wellman KH. Subcellular proteomics combined with bioenergetic phenotyping reveals protein biomarkers of respiratory insufficiency in the setting of proofreading-deficient mitochondrial polymerase. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3603. [PMID: 32107436 PMCID: PMC7046634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial mutator mouse is a well-established model of premature aging. In addition to accelerated aging, these mice develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at ~13 months of age, presumably due to overt mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite evidence of bioenergetic disruption within heart mitochondria, there is little information about the underlying changes to the mitochondrial proteome that either directly underly or predict respiratory insufficiency in mutator mice. Herein, nLC-MS/MS was used to interrogate the mitochondria-enriched proteome of heart and skeletal muscle of aged mutator mice. The mitochondrial proteome from heart tissue was then correlated with respiratory conductance data to identify protein biomarkers of respiratory insufficiency. The majority of downregulated proteins in mutator mitochondria were subunits of respiratory complexes I and IV, including both nuclear and mitochondrial-encoded proteins. Interestingly, the mitochondrial-encoded complex V subunits, were unchanged or upregulated in mutator mitochondria, suggesting a robustness to mtDNA mutation. Finally, the proteins most strongly correlated with respiratory conductance were PPM1K, NDUFB11, and C15orf61. These results suggest that mitochondrial mutator mice undergo a specific loss of mitochondrial complexes I and IV that limit their respiratory function independent of an upregulation of complex V. Additionally, the role of PPM1K in responding to mitochondrial stress warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L McLaughlin
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Kimberly A Kew
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Joseph M McClung
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA. .,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
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33
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Long Y, Lu M, Cheng T, Zhan X, Zhan X. Multiomics-Based Signaling Pathway Network Alterations in Human Non-functional Pituitary Adenomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:835. [PMID: 31920959 PMCID: PMC6928143 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-functional pituitary adenoma (NFPA) seriously affects hypothanamus-pituitary-target organ axis system, with a series of molecule alterations in the multiple levels of genome, transcriptome, proteome, and post-translational modifications, and those molecules mutually interact in a molecular-network system. Meta analysis coupled with IPA pathway-network program was used to comprehensively analyze nine sets of documented NFPA omics data, including NFPA quantitative transcriptomics data [280 differentially expressed genes (DEGs)], NFPA quantitative proteomics data [50 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs)], NFPA mapping protein data (218 proteins), NFPA mapping protein nitration data (9 nitroproteins and 3 non-nitrated proteins), invasive NFPA quantitative transriptomics data (346 DEGs), invasive NFPA quantitative proteomics data (57 DEPs), control mapping protein data (1469 proteins), control mapping protein nitration data (8 nitroproteins), and control mapping phosphorylation data (28 phosphoproteins). A total of 62 molecular-networks with 861 hub-molecules and 519 canonical-pathways including 54 cancer-related canonical pathways were revealed. A total of 42 hub-molecule panels and 9 canonical-pathway panels were identified to significantly associate with tumorigenesis. Four important molecular-network systems, including PI3K/AKT, mTOR, Wnt, and ERK/MAPK pathway-systems, were confirmed in NFPAs by PTMScan experiments with altered expression-patterns and phosphorylations. Nineteen high-frequency hub-molecules were also validated in NFPAs with PTMScan experiment with at least 2.5-fold changes in expression or phosphorylation, including ERK, ERK1/2, Jnk, MAPK, Mek, p38 MAPK, AKT, PI3K complex, p85, PKC, FAK, Rac, Shc, HSP90, NFκB Complex, histone H3, AP1, calmodulin, and PLC. Furthermore, mTOR and Wnt pathway-systems were confirmed in NFPAs by immunoaffinity Western blot analysis, with significantly decreased expression of PRAS40 and increased phosphorylation levels of p-PRAS40 (Thr246) in mTOR pathway in NFPAs compared to controls, and with the decreased protein expressions of GSK-3β and GSK-3β, significantly increased phosphorylation levels of p-GSK3α (Ser21) and p-GSK3β (Ser9), and increased expression level of β-catenin in Wnt pathway in NFPAs compared to controls. Those findings provided a comphrensive and large-scale pathway network data for NFPAs, and offer the scientific evidence for insights into the accurate molecular mechanisms of NFPA and discovery of the effective biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and determination of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Long
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miaolong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Lian K, Guo X, Wang Q, Liu Y, Wang RT, Gao C, Li CY, Li CX, Tao L. PP2Cm overexpression alleviates MI/R injury mediated by a BCAA catabolism defect and oxidative stress in diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 866:172796. [PMID: 31738932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic patients are sensitive to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. During diabetes, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism is defective and mitochondrial phosphatase 2C (PP2Cm) expression is reduced. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between PP2Cm downregulation and BCAA catabolism defect in diabetic mice against MI/R injury. PP2Cm was significantly downregulated in hearts of diabetic mice. The cardiac function was improved and the myocardial infarct size and apoptosis were decreased in diabetic mice overexpressing PP2Cm after MI/R. In diabetic mice, the cardiac BCAA and its metabolites branched-chain keto-acids (BCKA) levels, and p-BCKDE1α (E1 subunit of BCKA dehydrogenase)/BCKDE1α ratio were increased while the BCKD activity was decreased. Treatment of diabetic mice subjected to MI/R injury with BT2, a BCKD kinase (BDK) inhibitor, alleviated the BCAA catabolism defect, and improved the cardiac function alongside reduced apoptosis. PP2Cm overexpression alleviated the BCAA catabolism defect and MI/R injury. Similarly, MnTBAP ameliorated the oxidative stress and MI/R injury. BCKA treatment of H9C2 cells under simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) injury significantly decreased cell viability and increased LDH release and apoptosis. These effects were alleviated by BT2 and MnTBAP treatments. These results suggested that PP2Cm directly mediates the BCAA catabolism defect and oxidative stress observed after MI/R in diabetes. Overexpression of PP2Cm alleviates MI/R injury by reducing the catabolism of BCAA and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lian
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ru-Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Cong-Ye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Cheng-Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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PPM1K Regulates Hematopoiesis and Leukemogenesis through CDC20-Mediated Ubiquitination of MEIS1 and p21. Cell Rep 2019; 23:1461-1475. [PMID: 29719258 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to acting as building blocks for biosynthesis, amino acids might serve as signaling regulators in various physiological and pathological processes. However, it remains unknown whether amino acid levels affect the activities of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). By using a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor of the intracellular levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), we could monitor the dynamics of BCAA metabolism in HSCs. A mitochondrial-targeted 2C-type Ser/Thr protein phosphatase (PPM1K) promotes the catabolism of BCAAs to maintain MEIS1 and p21 levels by decreasing the ubiquitination-mediated degradation controlled by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CDC20. PPM1K deficiency led to a notable decrease in MEIS1/p21 signaling to reduce the glycolysis and quiescence of HSCs, followed by a severe impairment in repopulation activities. Moreover, the deletion of Ppm1k dramatically extended survival in a murine leukemia model. These findings will enhance the current understanding of nutrient signaling in metabolism and function of stem cells.
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36
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Autophagy and Inflammasome Activation in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101519. [PMID: 31546610 PMCID: PMC6832472 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The clinical outcome of patients affected by dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is heterogeneous, since its pathophysiology is only partially understood. Interleukin 1β levels could predict the mortality and necessity of cardiac transplantation of DCM patients. Objective: To investigate mechanisms triggering sterile inflammation in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods: Hearts explanted from 62 DCM patients were compared with 30 controls, employing immunohistochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, as well as metabolomics studies. Results: Although misfolded protein accumulation and aggresome formation characterize DCM hearts, aggresomes failed to trigger the autophagy lysosomal pathway (ALP), with consequent accumulation of both p62SQSTM1 and dysfunctional mitochondria. In line, DCM hearts are characterized by accumulation of lipoperoxidation products and activation of both redox responsive pathways and inflammasome. Consistently with the fact that mTOR signaling may impair ALP, we observed, an increase in DCM activation, together with a reduction in the nuclear localization of Transcription Factor EB -TFEB- (a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis). These alterations were coupled with metabolomic alterations, including accumulation of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), known mTOR activators. Consistently, reduced levels of PP2Cm, a phosphatase that regulates the key catabolic step of BCAAs, coupled with increased levels of miR-22, a regulator of PP2Cm levels that triggers senescence, characterize DCM hearts. The same molecular defects were present in clinically relevant cells isolated from DCM hearts, but they could be reverted by downregulating miR-22. Conclusion: We identified, in human DCM, a complex series of events whose key players are miR-22, PP2Cm, BCAA, mTOR, and ALP, linking loss of proteostasis with inflammasome activation. These potential therapeutic targets deserve to be further investigated.
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Siddik MAB, Shin AC. Recent Progress on Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Obesity, Diabetes, and Beyond. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2019; 34:234-246. [PMID: 31565875 PMCID: PMC6769348 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2019.34.3.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids that are not synthesized in our body; thus, they need to be obtained from food. They have shown to provide many physiological and metabolic benefits such as stimulation of pancreatic insulin secretion, milk production, adipogenesis, and enhanced immune function, among others, mainly mediated by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. After identified as a reliable marker of obesity and type 2 diabetes in recent years, an increasing number of studies have surfaced implicating BCAAs in the pathophysiology of other diseases such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and even neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease. Here we discuss the most recent progress and review studies highlighting both correlational and potentially causative role of BCAAs in the development of these disorders. Although we are just beginning to understand the intricate relationships between BCAAs and some of the most prevalent chronic diseases, current findings raise a possibility that they are linked by a similar putative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Bakkar Siddik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Andrew C Shin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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38
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Dong HQ, Du YX. The study of copy number variations in the regions of PRKAB2 and PPM1K among congenital heart defects patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 65:786-790. [PMID: 31340305 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.6.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to assess the genetic association of copy number variations in two genes (PRKAB2 and PPM1K) located in two regions (tetralogy of Fallot and ventricular septal defect) in a Chinese Han population. METHODS A total of 200 congenital heart disease patients (100 tetralogy of Fallot patients and 100 ventricular septal defect patients) and 100 congenital heart defect-free controls were recruited, and quantitative real-time PCR analysis was used to replicate the association of two copy number variations with congenital heart defects in a Chinese Han population. RESULTS One deletion at PRKAB2 and one duplication at PPM1K were found in two of the tetralogy of Fallot patients, respectively; while all these regions were duplicated in both ventricular septal defect patients and in the 100 congenital heart defects-free controls. CONCLUSIONS We replicated the copy number variations at the disease-candidate genes of PRKAB2 and PPM1K with tetralogy of Fallot in a Chinese Han population, and in patients with ventricular septal defect mutations in these two genes were not found. These results indicate the same molecular population genetics exist in these two genes with different ethnicity. This shows that these two genes are possibly specific pf tetralogy of Fallot candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Quan Dong
- Department of Pneumology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, 300074-China
| | - Yue-Xin Du
- Department of Child Healthcare, Tianjin Municipal Women and Children health care center, Tianjin, 300070, China
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Chen M, Gao C, Yu J, Ren S, Wang M, Wynn RM, Chuang DT, Wang Y, Sun H. Therapeutic Effect of Targeting Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolic Flux in Pressure-Overload Induced Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e011625. [PMID: 31433721 PMCID: PMC6585363 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolic defect is an emerging metabolic hallmark in failing hearts in human and animal models. The therapeutic impact of targeting BCAA catabolic flux under pathological conditions remains understudied. Methods and Results BT2 (3,6-dichlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid), a small-molecule inhibitor of branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase, was used to enhance BCAA catabolism. After 2 weeks of transaortic constriction, mice with significant cardiac dysfunctions were treated with vehicle or BT2. Serial echocardiograms showed continuing pathological deterioration in left ventricle of the vehicle-treated mice, whereas the BT2-treated mice showed significantly preserved cardiac function and structure. Moreover, BT2 treatment improved systolic contractility and diastolic mechanics. These therapeutic benefits appeared to be independent of impacts on left ventricle hypertrophy but associated with increased gene expression involved in fatty acid utilization. The BT2 administration showed no signs of apparent toxicity. Conclusions Our data provide the first proof-of-concept evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of restoring BCAA catabolic flux in hearts with preexisting dysfunctions. The BCAA catabolic pathway represents a novel and potentially efficacious target for treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of EducationDepartment of PathophysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine and PhysiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Chen Gao
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine and PhysiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Jiayu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of EducationDepartment of PathophysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine and PhysiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Shuxun Ren
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine and PhysiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityCardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - R. Max Wynn
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
| | - David T. Chuang
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
| | - Yibin Wang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine and PhysiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Haipeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of EducationDepartment of PathophysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine and PhysiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
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40
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Biswas D, Duffley L, Pulinilkunnil T. Role of branched‐chain amino acid–catabolizing enzymes in intertissue signaling, metabolic remodeling, and energy homeostasis. FASEB J 2019; 33:8711-8731. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802842rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipsikha Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick Dalhousie University Saint John New Brunswick Canada
| | - Luke Duffley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick Dalhousie University Saint John New Brunswick Canada
| | - Thomas Pulinilkunnil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick Dalhousie University Saint John New Brunswick Canada
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41
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Dolatabad MR, Guo LL, Xiao P, Zhu Z, He QT, Yang DX, Qu CX, Guo SC, Fu XL, Li RR, Ge L, Hu KJ, Liu HD, Shen YM, Yu X, Sun JP, Zhang PJ. Crystal structure and catalytic activity of the PPM1K N94K mutant. J Neurochem 2019; 148:550-560. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Rostaminasab Dolatabad
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Lu-lu Guo
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; Shandong University School of Pharmaceutical Science; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Zhongliang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Qing-tao He
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Du-xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Chang-xiu Qu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Sheng-chao Guo
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xiao-lei Fu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Rui-rui Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Lin Ge
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Ke-jia Hu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Hong-da Liu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology; School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Yue-mao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; Shandong University School of Pharmaceutical Science; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Physiology; Shandong University; School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Jin-peng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science; Ministry of Education; Beijing China
| | - Peng-ju Zhang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
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Age-Dependent Protein Expression of Serine/Threonine Phosphatases and Their Inhibitors in the Human Cardiac Atrium. Adv Med 2019; 2019:2675972. [PMID: 30719459 PMCID: PMC6334353 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2675972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure and aging of the heart show many similarities regarding hemodynamic and biochemical parameters. There is evidence that heart failure in experimental animals and humans is accompanied and possibly exacerbated by increased activity of protein phosphatase (PP) 1 and/or 2A. Here, we wanted to study the age-dependent protein expression of major members of the protein phosphatase family in human hearts. Right atrial samples were obtained during bypass surgery. Patients (n=60) were suffering from chronic coronary artery disease (CCS 2-3; New York Heart Association (NYHA) stage 1-3). Age ranged from 48 to 84 years (median 69). All patients included in the study were given β-adrenoceptor blockers. Other medications included angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or angiotensin-receptor-1 (AT1) inhibitors, statins, nitrates, and acetylsalicylic acid (ASS). 100 µg of right atrial homogenates was used for western blotting. Antibodies against catalytic subunits (and their major regulatory proteins) of all presently known cardiac serine/threonine phosphatases were used for antigen detection. In detail, we studied the expression of the catalytic subunit of PP1 (PP1c); I1 PP1 and I2 PP1, proteins that can inhibit the activity of PP1c; the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac); regulatory A-subunit of PP2A (PP2AA); regulatory B56α-subunit of PP2A (PP2AB); I1 PP2A and I2 PP2A, inhibitory subunits of PP2A; catalytic and regulatory subunits of calcineurin: PP2BA and PP2BB; PP2C; PP5; and PP6. All data were obtained within the linear range of the assay. There was a significant decline in PP2Ac and I2 PP2A expression in older patients, whereas all other parameters remained unchanged with age. It remains to be elucidated whether the decrease in the protein expression of I2 PP2A might elevate cardiac PP2A activity in a detrimental way or is overcome by a reduced protein expression and thus a reduced activity of PP2Ac.
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Sokol AM, Uszczynska-Ratajczak B, Collins MM, Bazala M, Topf U, Lundegaard PR, Sugunan S, Guenther S, Kuenne C, Graumann J, Chan SSL, Stainier DYR, Chacinska A. Loss of the Mia40a oxidoreductase leads to hepato-pancreatic insufficiency in zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007743. [PMID: 30457989 PMCID: PMC6245507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development and function of tissues and organs are powered by the activity of mitochondria. In humans, inherited genetic mutations that lead to progressive mitochondrial pathology often manifest during infancy and can lead to death, reflecting the indispensable nature of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Here, we describe a zebrafish mutant for the gene mia40a (chchd4a), the life-essential homologue of the evolutionarily conserved Mia40 oxidoreductase which drives the biogenesis of cysteine-rich mitochondrial proteins. We report that mia40a mutant animals undergo progressive cellular respiration defects and develop enlarged mitochondria in skeletal muscles before their ultimate death at the larval stage. We generated a deep transcriptomic and proteomic resource that allowed us to identify abnormalities in the development and physiology of endodermal organs, in particular the liver and pancreas. We identify the acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas to be severely affected by mutations in the MIA pathway. Our data contribute to a better understanding of the molecular, cellular and organismal effects of mitochondrial deficiency, important for the accurate diagnosis and future treatment strategies of mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrial pathologies which result from mutations in the nuclear DNA remain incurable and often lead to death. As mitochondria play various roles in cellular and tissue-specific contexts, the symptoms of mitochondrial pathologies can differ between patients. Thus, diagnosis and treatment of mitochondrial disorders remain challenging. To enhance this, the generation of new models that explore and define the consequences of mitochondria insufficiencies is of central importance. Here, we present a mia40a zebrafish mutant as a model for mitochondrial dysfunction, caused by an imbalance in mitochondrial protein biogenesis. This mutant shares characteristics with existing reports on mitochondria dysfunction, and has led us to identify novel phenotypes such as enlarged mitochondrial clusters in skeletal muscles. In addition, our transcriptomics and proteomics data contribute important findings to the existing knowledge on how faulty mitochondria impinge on vertebrate development in molecular, tissue and organ specific contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Sokol
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- * E-mail: (AMS); (AC)
| | | | - Michelle M. Collins
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michal Bazala
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ulrike Topf
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pia R. Lundegaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sreedevi Sugunan
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefan Guenther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sherine S. L. Chan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Chacinska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (AMS); (AC)
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Du X, Li Y, Wang Y, You H, Hui P, Zheng Y, Du J. Increased branched-chain amino acid levels are associated with long-term adverse cardiovascular events in patients with STEMI and acute heart failure. Life Sci 2018; 209:167-172. [PMID: 30092297 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The long-term prognosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with acute heart failure (AHF) is poor. Identification of metabolic changes could provide understanding of the underlying pathological progress associated with adverse events in patients with STEMI and AHF. Therefore, the study aimed to identify new plasm metabolites associated with long-term adverse cardiovascular events in patients with STEMI and AHF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mass spectrometry measurements of 26 amino acids were performed in 138 patients with STEMI and AHF. Endpoints were adverse cardiac events (composite of death and heart failure hospitalization). Survival analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of amino acids. KEY FINDINGS During a 3-year follow-up, there were 32 deaths and 21 hospitalizations for heart failure (HF). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels were independent predictors for adverse cardiovascular events in patients with STEMI and AHF (adjusted HR: 2.67, p < 0.001). The prognostic value of BCAA was better than that of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (area under the curve: 0.77 vs. 0.72) and Kaplan-Meier curves for adverse cardiac events (log-rank: 14.91 vs. 10.05). The combination of BCAAs and NT-proBNP yielded a stronger predictive value (area under the curve: 0.81, log-rank: 27.14). Importantly, addition of BCAAs and NT-pro BNP to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events score increased the C-statistic from 0.707 to 0.813, with a net reclassification improvement of 0.714. SIGNIFICANCE Our study shows that increased plasma BCAA levels are associated with long-term adverse cardiovascular events in patients with STEMI and AHF. These findings suggest that dysregulated BCAA metabolism pathways affect clinical outcome after STEMI with AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Du
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Hongzhao You
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Peng Hui
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
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45
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Altered Redox Homeostasis in Branched-Chain Amino Acid Disorders, Organic Acidurias, and Homocystinuria. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1246069. [PMID: 29743968 PMCID: PMC5884027 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1246069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a group of monogenic disorders characterized by dysregulation of the metabolic networks that underlie development and homeostasis. Emerging evidence points to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as major contributors to the multiorgan alterations observed in several IEMs. The accumulation of toxic metabolites in organic acidurias, respiratory chain, and fatty acid oxidation disorders inhibits mitochondrial enzymes and processes resulting in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In other IEMs, as in homocystinuria, different sources of ROS have been proposed. In patients' samples, as well as in cellular and animal models, several studies have identified significant increases in ROS levels along with decreases in antioxidant defences, correlating with oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA. Elevated ROS disturb redox-signaling pathways regulating biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, or cell death; however, there are few studies investigating these processes in IEMs. In this review, we describe the published data on mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and impaired redox signaling in branched-chain amino acid disorders, other organic acidurias, and homocystinuria, along with recent studies exploring the efficiency of antioxidants and mitochondria-targeted therapies as therapeutic compounds in these diseases.
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46
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Ritterhoff J, Tian R. Metabolism in cardiomyopathy: every substrate matters. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:411-421. [PMID: 28395011 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac metabolism is highly adaptive to changes in fuel availability and the energy demand of the heart. This metabolic flexibility is key for the heart to maintain its output during the development and in response to stress. Alterations in substrate preference have been observed in multiple disease states; a clear understanding of their impact on cardiac function in the long term is critical for the development of metabolic therapies. In addition, the contribution of cellular metabolism to growth, survival, and other signalling pathways through the generation of metabolic intermediates has been increasingly noted, adding another layer of complexity to the impact of metabolism on cardiac function. In a quest to understand the complexity of the cardiac metabolic network, genetic tools have been engaged to manipulate cardiac metabolism in a variety of mouse models. The ability to engineer cardiac metabolism in vivo has provided tremendous insights and brought about conceptual innovations. In this review, we will provide an overview of the cardiac metabolic network and highlight alterations observed during cardiac development and pathological hypertrophy. We will focus on consequences of altered substrate preference on cardiac response to chronic stresses through energy providing and non-energy providing pathways.
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47
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Li T, Zhang Z, Kolwicz SC, Abell L, Roe ND, Kim M, Zhou B, Cao Y, Ritterhoff J, Gu H, Raftery D, Sun H, Tian R. Defective Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolism Disrupts Glucose Metabolism and Sensitizes the Heart to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cell Metab 2017; 25:374-385. [PMID: 28178567 PMCID: PMC5301464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have recently been implicated in the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown. In a mouse model of impaired BCAA catabolism (knockout [KO]), we found that chronic accumulation of BCAAs suppressed glucose metabolism and sensitized the heart to ischemic injury. High levels of BCAAs selectively disrupted mitochondrial pyruvate utilization through inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH) activity. Furthermore, downregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway in KO hearts decreased protein O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification and inactivated PDH, resulting in significant decreases in glucose oxidation. Although the metabolic remodeling in KO did not affect baseline cardiac energetics or function, it rendered the heart vulnerable to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Promoting BCAA catabolism or normalizing glucose utilization by overexpressing GLUT1 in the KO heart rescued the metabolic and functional outcome. These observations revealed a novel role of BCAA catabolism in regulating cardiac metabolism and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center and Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PRC; Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Stephen C Kolwicz
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lauren Abell
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nathan D Roe
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Maengjo Kim
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yang Cao
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Julia Ritterhoff
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Haipeng Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Bozzi F, Mogavero A, Varinelli L, Belfiore A, Manenti G, Caccia C, Volpi CC, Beznoussenko GV, Milione M, Leoni V, Gloghini A, Mironov AA, Leo E, Pilotti S, Pierotti MA, Bongarzone I, Gariboldi M. MIF/CD74 axis is a target for novel therapies in colon carcinomatosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:16. [PMID: 28114961 PMCID: PMC5260021 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Strategies aimed at obtaining a complete cytoreduction are needed to improve long-term survival for patients with colorectal cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis (CRC-pc). Methods We established organoid models from peritoneal metastases of two naïve CRC patients. A standard paraffin inclusion was conducted to compare their 3D structure and immunohistochemical profile with that of the corresponding surgical samples. RNA expression levels of the CRC stem cell marker LGR5 was measured by in situ hybridization. The secretome of organoids was profiled by mass spectrometry. Energy homeostasis of organoids was interfered with 4-IPP and metformin. Biochemical and metabolic changes after drug treatments were investigated by western blot and mass spectrometry. Mitochondria impairment was evaluated by electron microscopy and mitotraker staining. Results The two organoids recapitulated their corresponding clinical samples in terms of 3D structure and immmunoistochemical profile and were positive for the cancer stem cells marker LGR5. Proteomic analyses of organoids highlighted their strong dependence on energy producing pathways, which suggest that their targeting could be an effective therapeutic approach. To test this hypothesis, we treated organoids with two drugs that target metabolism acting on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the main regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, which may act as metabolic tumour suppressor in CRC. Organoids were treated with 4-IPP, an inhibitor of MIF/CD74 signalling axis which activates AMPK function, or metformin that inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. As a new finding we observed that treatment with 4-IPP downregulated AMPK signalling activity, reduced AKT phosphorylation and activated a JNK-mediated stress-signalling response, thus generating mitochondrial impairment and cell death. Metformin treatment enhanced AMPK activation, decreasing the activity of the anabolic factors ribosomal protein S6 and p4EBP-1 and inducing mitochondrial depolarization. Conclusion We provide evidence that the modulation of AMPK activity may be a strategy for targeting metabolism of CRC-pc organoids. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0475-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bozzi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Angela Mogavero
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy.,Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Luca Varinelli
- Proteomics Laboratory Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Giacomo Manenti
- Department of Predictive and Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS 'Carlo Besta' Istituto Neurologico, via G. Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Chiara C Volpi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Galina V Beznoussenko
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Massimo Milione
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS 'Carlo Besta' Istituto Neurologico, via G. Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Annunziata Gloghini
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Alexandre A Mironov
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Ermanno Leo
- Colorectal Cancer Unit-Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Silvana Pilotti
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Marco A Pierotti
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Italia Bongarzone
- Proteomics Laboratory Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Manuela Gariboldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via G. Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy.,Molecular Genetics of Cancer, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
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Heijman J, Ghezelbash S, Wehrens XHT, Dobrev D. Serine/Threonine Phosphatases in Atrial Fibrillation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 103:110-120. [PMID: 28077320 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Serine/threonine protein phosphatases control dephosphorylation of numerous cardiac proteins, including a variety of ion channels and calcium-handling proteins, thereby providing precise post-translational regulation of cardiac electrophysiology and function. Accordingly, dysfunction of this regulation can contribute to the initiation, maintenance and progression of cardiac arrhythmias. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm disorder and is characterized by electrical, autonomic, calcium-handling, contractile, and structural remodeling, which include, among other things, changes in the phosphorylation status of a wide range of proteins. Here, we review AF-associated alterations in the phosphorylation of atrial ion channels, calcium-handling and contractile proteins, and their role in AF-pathophysiology. We highlight the mechanisms controlling the phosphorylation of these proteins and focus on the role of altered dephosphorylation via local type-1, type-2A and type-2B phosphatases (PP1, PP2A, and PP2B, also known as calcineurin, respectively). Finally, we discuss the challenges for phosphatase research, potential therapeutic significance of altered phosphatase-mediated protein dephosphorylation in AF, as well as future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Heijman
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Shokoufeh Ghezelbash
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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50
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Mutoji K, Singh A, Nguyen T, Gildersleeve H, Kaucher AV, Oatley MJ, Oatley JM, Velte EK, Geyer CB, Cheng K, McCarrey JR, Hermann BP. TSPAN8 Expression Distinguishes Spermatogonial Stem Cells in the Prepubertal Mouse Testis. Biol Reprod 2016; 95:117. [PMID: 27733379 PMCID: PMC5315423 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.144220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise separation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) from progenitor spermatogonia that lack stem cell activity and are committed to differentiation remains a challenge. To distinguish between these spermatogonial subtypes, we identified genes that exhibited bimodal mRNA levels at the single-cell level among undifferentiated spermatogonia from Postnatal Day 6 mouse testes, including Tspan8, Epha2, and Pvr, each of which encode cell surface proteins useful for cell selection. Transplantation studies provided definitive evidence that a TSPAN8-high subpopulation is enriched for SSCs. RNA-seq analyses identified genes differentially expressed between TSPAN8-high and -low subpopulations that clustered into multiple biological pathways potentially involved in SSC renewal or differentiation, respectively. Methyl-seq analysis identified hypomethylated domains in the promoters of these genes in both subpopulations that colocalized with peaks of histone modifications defined by ChIP-seq analysis. Taken together, these results demonstrate functional heterogeneity among mouse undifferentiated spermatogonia and point to key biological characteristics that distinguish SSCs from progenitor spermatogonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazadi Mutoji
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anukriti Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Thu Nguyen
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Heidi Gildersleeve
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Genomics Core Facility, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Amy V Kaucher
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Melissa J Oatley
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Jon M Oatley
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Ellen K Velte
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Christopher B Geyer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Keren Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - John R McCarrey
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Brian P Hermann
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Genomics Core Facility, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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