1
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Zhang Y, Liu L, Yang C, Xie W, Wang J. Regulation of corticosteroid-binding globulin release in murine leydig tumor cell line mLTC-1 by luteinizing hormone and interleukin-6. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 761:110158. [PMID: 39307264 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Exogenous assaults interfere with homeostatic processes in the body by inducing stress responses. Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) binds to stress hormone glucocorticoids to transport and dynamically control their availability to target tissues. In our previous study, we confirmed that CBG is locally produced by Leydig cells in the testes. Here, we explored the potential regulators of CBG using a murine Leydig tumor cell line (mLTC-1). Results indicated that luteinizing hormone (LH) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were important factors stimulating the release of CBG from mLTC-1 cells. In addition, IL-6 stimulated mLTC-1 cells to release alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), a serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) that affects CBG conformation. The results implied that any challenge that altered LH or IL-6 levels also changed the release and binding status of CBG with steroid hormones in the testicular microenvironment and modulated cellular responses to these stress hormones. In addition, secretory proteomic analysis indicated that the extracellular matrix (ECM), cytoskeleton, and proteasomes were essentially produced by the mLTC-1 cells, and LH evoked the secretion of proteins involved in binding and metabolism. These results emphasize that Leydig cells may undertake more functions than just steroidogenesis, and the regulation of Leydig cells by LH is versatile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Chunyu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Jianshe Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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2
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Garrigues RJ, Garrison MP, Garcia BL. The Crystal Structure of the Michaelis-Menten Complex of C1 Esterase Inhibitor and C1s Reveals Novel Insights into Complement Regulation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:718-729. [PMID: 38995166 PMCID: PMC11333171 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The ancient arm of innate immunity known as the complement system is a blood proteolytic cascade involving dozens of membrane-bound and solution-phase components. Although many of these components serve as regulatory molecules to facilitate controlled activation of the cascade, C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) is the sole canonical complement regulator belonging to a superfamily of covalent inhibitors known as serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs). In addition to its namesake role in complement regulation, C1-INH also regulates proteases of the coagulation, fibrinolysis, and contact pathways. Despite this, the structural basis for C1-INH recognition of its target proteases has remained elusive. In this study, we present the crystal structure of the Michaelis-Menten (M-M) complex of the catalytic domain of complement component C1s and the SERPIN domain of C1-INH at a limiting resolution of 3.94 Å. Analysis of the structure revealed that nearly half of the protein/protein interface is formed by residues outside of the C1-INH reactive center loop. The contribution of these residues to the affinity of the M-M complex was validated by site-directed mutagenesis using surface plasmon resonance. Parallel analysis confirmed that C1-INH-interfacing residues on C1s surface loops distal from the active site also drive affinity of the M-M complex. Detailed structural comparisons revealed differences in substrate recognition by C1s compared with C1-INH recognition and highlight the importance of exosite interactions across broader SERPIN/protease systems. Collectively, this study improves our understanding of how C1-INH regulates the classical pathway of complement, and it sheds new light on how SERPINs recognize their cognate protease targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Garrigues
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Matthew P Garrison
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Brandon L Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
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3
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Singh CM, Singh BK, Purwar S, Nair B, Ruchi, Patel A, Singh S, Kaur V. Comprehensive characterization of protease inhibiting gene family, cis-regulatory elements, and protein interaction network in linseed and their expression upon bud fly infestation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17907. [PMID: 39095443 PMCID: PMC11297176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Linseed, also known as flax is an important oilseed crop with many potential uses in paint, textile, food and pharmaceutical industries. Susceptibility to bud fly (Dasyneura lini Barnes) infestation is a serious biotic concern leading to severe yield penalty in linseed. Protease inhibitors (PIs) are potential candidates that activate during the insect-pest attack and modulate the resistance. In the present study, we explored the PI candidates in the linseed genome and a total of 100 LuPI genes were identified and grouped into five distinct subgroups. The analysis of cis-acting elements revealed that almost all LuPI promoters contain several regulatory elementary related to growth and development, hormonal regulation and stress responses. Across the subfamilies of PIs, the specific domains are consistently found conserved in all protein sequences. The tissue-specific in-silico expression pattern via RNA-seq revealed that all the genes were regulated during different stress. The expression through qRT-PCR of 15 genes revealed the significant up-regulation of LuPI-24, LuPI-40, LuPI-49, LuPI-53, and LuPI-63 upon bud fly infestation in resistant genotype EC0099001 and resistant check variety Neela. This study establishes a foundation resource for comprehending the structural, functional, and evolutionary dimensions of protease inhibitors in linseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Mohan Singh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, 210 001, India
| | - Bhupendra Kumar Singh
- Department of Entomology, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, 210 001, India.
| | - Shalini Purwar
- Department of Basic and Social Sciences, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, 210 001, India
| | - Beena Nair
- AICRP on Linseed and Mustard, College of Agriculture, Dr. PDKV-Akola, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440 001, India
| | - Ruchi
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, 210 001, India
| | - Amar Patel
- AICRP on Linseed and Sesame, Oilseed Research Station, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Mauranipur, Uttar Pradesh, 282 204, India
| | - Saurabh Singh
- AICRP on Linseed and Sesame, Oilseed Research Station, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Mauranipur, Uttar Pradesh, 282 204, India
| | - Vikender Kaur
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBPGR), New Delhi, 110 012, India.
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4
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Kamuda K, Ronzoni R, Majumdar A, Guan FHX, Irving JA, Lomas DA. A novel pathological mutant reveals the role of torsional flexibility in the serpin breach in adoption of an aggregation-prone intermediate. FEBS J 2024; 291:2937-2954. [PMID: 38523412 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Mutants of alpha-1-antitrypsin cause the protein to self-associate and form ordered aggregates ('polymers') that are retained within hepatocytes, resulting in a predisposition to the development of liver disease. The associated reduction in secretion, and for some mutants, impairment of function, leads to a failure to protect lung tissue against proteases released during the inflammatory response and an increased risk of emphysema. We report here a novel deficiency mutation (Gly192Cys), that we name the Sydney variant, identified in a patient in heterozygosity with the Z allele (Glu342Lys). Cellular analysis revealed that the novel variant was mostly retained as insoluble polymers within the endoplasmic reticulum. The basis for this behaviour was investigated using biophysical and structural techniques. The variant showed a 40% reduction in inhibitory activity and a reduced stability as assessed by thermal unfolding experiments. Polymerisation involves adoption of an aggregation-prone intermediate and paradoxically the energy barrier for transition to this state was increased by 16% for the Gly192Cys variant with respect to the wild-type protein. However, with activation to the intermediate state, polymerisation occurred at a 3.8-fold faster rate overall. X-ray crystallography provided two crystal structures of the Gly192Cys variant, revealing perturbation within the 'breach' region with Cys192 in two different orientations: in one structure it faces towards the hydrophobic core while in the second it is solvent-exposed. This orientational heterogeneity was confirmed by PEGylation. These data show the critical role of the torsional freedom imparted by Gly192 in inhibitory activity and stability against polymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kamuda
- Division of Medicine, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University College London, UK
| | - Riccardo Ronzoni
- Division of Medicine, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University College London, UK
| | - Avik Majumdar
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona H X Guan
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - James A Irving
- Division of Medicine, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University College London, UK
| | - David A Lomas
- Division of Medicine, UCL Respiratory, Rayne Institute, University College London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University College London, UK
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5
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Gariballa N, Mohamed F, Badawi S, Ali BR. The double whammy of ER-retention and dominant-negative effects in numerous autosomal dominant diseases: significance in disease mechanisms and therapy. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:64. [PMID: 38937821 PMCID: PMC11210014 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) employs stringent quality control mechanisms to ensure the integrity of protein folding, allowing only properly folded, processed and assembled proteins to exit the ER and reach their functional destinations. Mutant proteins unable to attain their correct tertiary conformation or form complexes with their partners are retained in the ER and subsequently degraded through ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) and associated mechanisms. ER retention contributes to a spectrum of monogenic diseases with diverse modes of inheritance and molecular mechanisms. In autosomal dominant diseases, when mutant proteins get retained in the ER, they can interact with their wild-type counterparts. This interaction may lead to the formation of mixed dimers or aberrant complexes, disrupting their normal trafficking and function in a dominant-negative manner. The combination of ER retention and dominant-negative effects has been frequently documented to cause a significant loss of functional proteins, thereby exacerbating disease severity. This review aims to examine existing literature and provide insights into the impact of dominant-negative effects exerted by mutant proteins retained in the ER in a range of autosomal dominant diseases including skeletal and connective tissue disorders, vascular disorders, neurological disorders, eye disorders and serpinopathies. Most crucially, we aim to emphasize the importance of this area of research, offering substantial potential for understanding the factors influencing phenotypic variability associated with genetic variants. Furthermore, we highlight current and prospective therapeutic approaches targeted at ameliorating the effects of mutations exhibiting dominant-negative effects. These approaches encompass experimental studies exploring treatments and their translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Gariballa
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Feda Mohamed
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sally Badawi
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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6
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Li S, Wu Y, Bu D, Hu L, Liu Y, Liu J, Xiang R, Bu W, Mo R, Song Z, Chen Z, Li D, Zhang X, Gu H, Yang Y. SERPINB7 Deficiency Increases Legumain Activity and Impairs the Epidermal Barrier in Nagashima-Type Palmoplantar Keratoderma. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)01861-X. [PMID: 38909841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Nagashima-type palmoplantar keratoderma is an autosomal recessive genodermatosis caused by loss-of-function variants in SERPINB7 and is the most prevalent form of inherited palmoplantar keratodermas among Asians. However, there is currently no effective therapy for Nagashima-type palmoplantar keratoderma because its pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, Serpinb7-/- mice were generated and spontaneously developed a disrupted skin barrier, which was further exacerbated by acetone-ether-water treatment. The skin of these Serpinb7-/- mice showed weakened cytoskeletal proteins. In addition, SERPINB7 deficiency consistently led to decreased epidermal differentiation in a 3-dimensional human epidermal model. We also demonstrated that SERPINB7 was an inhibitory serpin that mainly inhibited the protease legumain. SERPINB7 bound directly with legumain and inhibited legumain activity both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that SERPINB7 inhibited legumain in a protease-substrate manner and identified the cleavage sites of SERPINB7 as Asn71 and Asn343. Overall, we found that SERPINB7 showed the nature of a cysteine protease inhibitor and identified legumain as a key target protease of SERPINB7. Loss of SERPINB7 function led to overactivation of legumain, which might disrupt cytoskeletal proteins, contributing to the impaired skin barrier in Nagashima-type palmoplantar keratoderma. These findings may lead to the development of therapeutic strategies for Nagashima-type palmoplantar keratoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Li
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for skin diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingda Wu
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for skin diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Dingfang Bu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Linghan Hu
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for skin diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihe Liu
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for skin diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiyu Xiang
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for skin diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbo Bu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Mo
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for skin diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongya Song
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for skin diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for skin diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongqing Li
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for skin diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
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7
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Lee CN, Hall BA, Sanford L, Molehin AJ. Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of a Schistosoma mansoni Serine Protease Inhibitor, Smserpin-p46. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1164. [PMID: 38930546 PMCID: PMC11205507 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors are a superfamily of proteins that regulate various physiological processes including fibrinolysis, inflammation and immune responses. In parasite systems, serpins are believed to play important roles in parasite colonization, inhibition of host immune serine proteases and penetration of defensive barriers. However, serpins are less well characterized in schistosomes. In this study, a Schistosoma mansoni serpin (Smserpin-p46) containing a 1360 base pair open reading frame, was cloned, expressed and functionally characterized. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that Smserpin-p46 contains the key residues, structural domains and motifs characteristic of inhibitory serpins. Gene expression profiling demonstrated stage-specific expression of Smserpin-p46 with the highest expression in adult male worms. Recombinant Smserpin-p46 (rSmserpin-p46) inhibited both human neutrophil cathepsin G and elastase, key serine proteases involved in NETosis, a program for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Using specific rabbit antiserum, Smserpin-p46 was detected in soluble worm antigen preparation and was localized to the adult worm tegument. Cumulatively, the expression of Smserpin-p46 on the parasite tegument and its ability to inhibit proteases involved in NETosis highlights the importance of this serpin in parasite-host interactions and encourages its further investigation as a candidate vaccine antigen for the control of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine N. Lee
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA;
| | - Brooke Ashlyn Hall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA;
| | - Leah Sanford
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA;
| | - Adebayo J. Molehin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA;
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA;
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8
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Peled A, Sprecher E. Proteolytic and Antiproteolytic Activity in the Skin: Gluing the Pieces Together. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:466-473. [PMID: 37865898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal differentiation is ultimately aimed at the formation of a functional barrier capable of protecting the organism from the environment while preventing loss of biologically vital elements. Epidermal differentiation entails a delicately regulated process of cell-cell junction formation and dissolution to enable upward cell migration and desquamation. Over the past two decades, the deciphering of the genetic basis of a number of inherited conditions has delineated the pivotal role played in this process by a series of proteases and protease inhibitors, including serpins, cathepsins, and cystatins, suggesting novel avenues for therapeutic intervention in both rare and common disorders of cornification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Peled
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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9
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Ignatz EH, Hall JR, Eslamloo K, Kurt Gamperl A, Rise ML. Characterization and transcript expression analyses of four Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) serpinh1 paralogues provide evidence of evolutionary divergence. Gene 2024; 894:147984. [PMID: 37952747 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are not only the world's most economically important farmed fish in terms of total value, but also a salmonid, which means that they are invaluable for studies of the evolutionary fate of genes following multiple whole-genome duplication (WGD) events. In this study, four paralogues of the molecular chaperone serpinh1 were characterized in Atlantic salmon, as while this gene is considered to be a sensitive biomarker of heat stress in salmonids, mammalian studies have also identified it as being essential for collagen structural assembly and integrity. The four salmon paralogues were cloned and sequenced so that in silico analyses at the nucleotide and deduced amino acid levels could be performed. In addition, qPCR was used to measure: paralogue- and sex-specific constitutive serpinh1 expression across 17 adult tissues; and their expression in the liver and head kidney of male Atlantic salmon as affected by stress phenotype (high vs. low responder), increased temperature, and injection with a multi-valent vaccine. Compared to the other three paralogues, serpinh1a-2 had a unique constitutive expression profile across the 17 tissues. Although stress phenotype had minimal impact on the transcript expression of the four paralogues, injection with a commercial vaccine containing several formalin inactivated bacterins increased the expression of most paralogues (by 1.1 to 4.5-fold) across both tissues. At 20 °C, the expression levels of serpinh1a-1 and serpinh1a-2 were generally lower (by -1.1- to -1.6-fold), and serpinh1b-1 and serpinh1b-2 were 10.2- to 19.0-fold greater, in comparison to salmon held at 12 °C. With recent studies suggesting a putative link between serpinh1 and upper thermal tolerance in salmonids, the current research is a valuable first step in elucidating the potential mechanisms involved. This research: supports the use of serpinh1b-1 and serpinh1b-2 as a biomarkers of heat stress in salmon; and provides evidence of neo- and/or subfunctionalization between the paralogues, and important insights into how multiple genome duplication events can potentially lead to evolutionary divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Ignatz
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Jennifer R Hall
- Aquatic Research Cluster, CREAIT Network, Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Khalil Eslamloo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - A Kurt Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, 0 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada.
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10
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Elmi M, Dass JH, Dass CR. The Various Roles of PEDF in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:510. [PMID: 38339261 PMCID: PMC10854708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a natural immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumour growth and anti-metastasis factor, which can enhance tumour response to PEDF but can also conversely have pro-cancerous effects. Inflammation is a major cause of cancer, and it has been proven that PEDF has anti-inflammatory properties. PEDF's functional activity can be investigated through measuring metastatic and metabolic biomarkers that will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Elmi
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (M.E.); (J.H.D.)
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Joshua H. Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (M.E.); (J.H.D.)
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Crispin R. Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (M.E.); (J.H.D.)
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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11
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Qie X, Yan X, Wang W, Liu Y, Zhang L, Hao C, Lu Z, Ma L. Serpin-4 Negatively Regulates Prophenoloxidase Activation and Antimicrobial Peptide Synthesis in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:313. [PMID: 38203484 PMCID: PMC10778760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The prophenoloxidase (PPO) activation and Toll antimicrobial peptide synthesis pathways are two critical immune responses in the insect immune system. The activation of these pathways is mediated by the cascade of serine proteases, which is negatively regulated by serpins. In this study, we identified a typical serpin, BmSerpin-4, in silkworms, whose expression was dramatically up-regulated in the fat body and hemocytes after bacterial infections. The pre-injection of recombinant BmSerpin-4 remarkably decreased the antibacterial activity of the hemolymph and the expression of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) gloverin-3, cecropin-D, cecropin-E, and moricin in the fat body under Micrococcus luteus and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O: 3 (YP III) infection. Meanwhile, the inhibition of systemic melanization, PO activity, and PPO activation by BmSerpin-4 was also observed. Hemolymph proteinase 1 (HP1), serine protease 2 (SP2), HP6, and SP21 were predicted as the candidate target serine proteases for BmSerpin-4 through the analysis of residues adjacent to the scissile bond and comparisons of orthologous genes in Manduca sexta. This suggests that HP1, SP2, HP6, and SP21 might be essential in the activation of the serine protease cascade in both the Toll and PPO pathways in silkworms. Our study provided a comprehensive characterization of BmSerpin-4 and clues for the further dissection of silkworm PPO and Toll activation signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Qie
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.Q.); (X.Y.); (W.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Xizhong Yan
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.Q.); (X.Y.); (W.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.Q.); (X.Y.); (W.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Yaya Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.Q.); (X.Y.); (W.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.Q.); (X.Y.); (W.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Chi Hao
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.Q.); (X.Y.); (W.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.Q.); (X.Y.); (W.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (C.H.)
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12
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Chen YR, Yang HJ, Cha JM, Zhang XX, Fan D. Expression patterns and antifungal function study of KaSPI in Mythimna separata. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:756-766. [PMID: 37730215 DOI: 10.1017/s000748532300041x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Kazal-type serine protease inhibitors (KaSPI) play important roles in insect growth, development, digestion, metabolism and immune defence. In this study, based on the transcriptome of Mythimna separata, the cDNA sequence of MsKaSPI with Kazal domain was uploaded to GenBank (MN931651). Spatial and temporal expression analysis showed that MsKaSPI was expressed at different developmental stages and different tissues, and it was induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone in third-instar larvae of M. separata. After 24 h infection by Beauveria bassiana, the expression level of MsKaSPI and the corresponding MsKaSPI content were significantly up-regulated, being 6.42-fold and 1.91-fold to the control group, respectively, while the activities of serine protease, trypsin and chymotrypsin were inhibited. After RNA interference interfered with MsKaSPI for 6 h, the expression decreased by 73.44%, the corresponding content of MsKaSPI protein decreased by 55.66% after 12 h, and the activities of serine protease and trypsin were significantly enhanced. Meanwhile, both the larval and pupal stages of M. separata were prolonged, the weights were reduced and the number of eggs per female decreased by 181. Beauveria bassiana infection also increased the mortality of MsKaSPI-silenced M. separata by 18.96%. These prove MsKaSPI can not only result in slow growth and low fecundity of M. separata by regulating the activity of related protease, but also participate in the resistance to pathogenic fungi by regulating the serine protease inhibitor content and the activities of related serine protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hong-Jia Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jin-Myong Cha
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Kyeungsang Sariwon Agricultural University, Pyong Yang 95003, DPR of Korea
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dong Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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13
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Wu Q, Xing L, Du M, Huang C, Liu B, Zhou H, Liu W, Wan F, Qian W. A Genome-Wide Analysis of Serine Protease Inhibitors in Cydia pomonella Provides Insights into Their Evolution and Expression Pattern. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16349. [PMID: 38003538 PMCID: PMC10671500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) appear to be ubiquitous in almost all living organisms, with a conserved structure and varying functions. Serpins can modulate immune responses by negatively regulating serine protease activities strictly and precisely. The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), a major invasive pest in China, can cause serious economic losses. However, knowledge of serpin genes in this insect remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed a systematic analysis of the serpin genes in C. pomonella, obtaining 26 serpins from the C. pomonella genome. Subsequently, their sequence features, evolutionary relationship, and expression pattern were characterized. Comparative analysis revealed the evolution of a number of serpin genes in Lepidoptera. Importantly, the evolutionary relationship and putative roles of serpin genes in C. pomonella were revealed. Additionally, selective pressure analysis found amino acid sites with strong evidence of positive selection. Interestingly, the serpin1 gene possessed at least six splicing isoforms with distinct reactive-center loops, and these isoforms were experimentally validated. Furthermore, we observed a subclade expansion of serpins, and these genes showed high expression in multiple tissues, suggesting their important roles in C. pomonella. Overall, this study will enrich our knowledge of the immunity of C. pomonella and help to elucidate the role of serpins in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Longsheng Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Min Du
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Integrated Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Sino-Australian Joint Research Institute of Agriculture and Environmental Health, College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hongxu Zhou
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Integrated Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Sino-Australian Joint Research Institute of Agriculture and Environmental Health, College of Plant Health & Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wanxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Wanqiang Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
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14
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Ryø LB, Haslund D, Rovsing AB, Pihl R, Sanrattana W, de Maat S, Palarasah Y, Maas C, Thiel S, Mikkelsen JG. Restriction of C1-inhibitor activity in hereditary angioedema by dominant-negative effects of disease-associated SERPING1 gene variants. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1218-1236.e9. [PMID: 37301409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with hereditary angioedema experience recurrent, sometimes life-threatening, attacks of edema. It is a rare genetic disorder characterized by genetic and clinical heterogenicity. Most cases are caused by genetic variants in the SERPING1 gene leading to plasma deficiency of the encoded protein C1 inhibitor (C1INH). More than 500 different hereditary angioedema-causing variants have been identified in the SERPING1 gene, but the disease mechanisms by which they result in pathologically low C1INH plasma levels remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim was to describe trans-inhibitory effects of full-length or near full-length C1INH encoded by 28 disease-associated SERPING1 variants. METHODS HeLa cells were transfected with expression constructs encoding the studied SERPING1 variants. Extensive and comparative studies of C1INH expression, secretion, functionality, and intracellular localization were carried out. RESULTS Our findings characterized functional properties of a subset of SERPING1 variants allowing the examined variants to be subdivided into 5 different clusters, each containing variants sharing specific molecular characteristics. For all variants except 2, we found that coexpression of mutant and normal C1INH negatively affected the overall capacity to target proteases. Strikingly, for a subset of variants, intracellular formation of C1INH foci was detectable only in heterozygous configurations enabling simultaneous expression of normal and mutant C1INH. CONCLUSIONS We provide a functional classification of SERPING1 gene variants suggesting that different SERPING1 variants drive the pathogenicity through different and in some cases overlapping molecular disease mechanisms. For a subset of gene variants, our data define some types of hereditary angioedema with C1INH deficiency as serpinopathies driven by dominant-negative disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Didde Haslund
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rasmus Pihl
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Wariya Sanrattana
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven de Maat
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yaseelan Palarasah
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital of South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Coen Maas
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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15
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Ferreira MM, Santos AS, Santos AS, Zugaib M, Pirovani CP. Plant Serpins: Potential Inhibitors of Serine and Cysteine Proteases with Multiple Functions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3619. [PMID: 37896082 PMCID: PMC10609998 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant serpins are a superfamily of protein inhibitors that have been continuously studied in different species and have great biotechnological potential. However, despite ongoing studies with these inhibitors, the biological role of this family in the plant kingdom has not yet been fully clarified. In order to obtain new insights into the potential of plant serpins, this study presents the first systematic review of the topic, whose main objective was to scrutinize the published literature to increase knowledge about this superfamily. Using keywords and the eligibility criteria defined in the protocol, we selected studies from the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. According to the eligible studies, serpins inhibit different serine and non-serine proteases from plants, animals, and pathogens, and their expression is affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, serpins like AtSerpin1, OSP-LRS, MtSer6, AtSRP4, AtSRP5, and MtPiI4, act in resistance and are involved in stress-induced cell death in the plant. Also, the system biology analysis demonstrates that serpins are related to proteolysis control, cell regulation, pollen development, catabolism, and protein dephosphorylation. The information systematized here contributes to the design of new studies of plant serpins, especially those aimed at exploring their biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monaliza Macêdo Ferreira
- Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (A.S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.P.P.)
| | - Ariana Silva Santos
- Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (A.S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.P.P.)
| | | | - Maria Zugaib
- Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (A.S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.P.P.)
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (A.S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.P.P.)
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16
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Mechanism study of the gel-forming ability of heat-induced gel from Peruvian hake (Merluccius gayi peruanus) surimi. Food Chem 2023; 413:135635. [PMID: 36804742 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The commercial value of Peruvian hake (Merluccius gayi peruanus) meat is low because of its soft texture. This study investigated the major factor contributing to the gel-forming ability of Peruvian hake surimi by comparing the effects of endogenous protease activity and parasitic infection. Heat-induced gels could not be obtained at 50 °C-90 °C. Surimi with severe parasitic infection showed a stronger gel-forming ability. The endogenous protease activities were the main factor influencing the Peruvian hake meat proteolysis and contributed to the low gel-forming ability, rather than parasitic infection. Specifically, endogenous cysteine proteases played an essential role in protein degradation and low gel-forming ability. Moreover, endogenous transglutaminase was also shown to be involved in the gel-forming ability upon heating at 40 °C. These results suggested that Peruvian hake meat could be used as a raw material of frozen surimi for fish gel by inhibiting the activity of endogenous proteases.
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17
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Soler Y, Rodriguez M, Austin D, Gineste C, Gelber C, El-Hage N. SERPIN-Derived Small Peptide (SP16) as a Potential Therapeutic Agent against HIV-Induced Inflammatory Molecules and Viral Replication in Cells of the Central Nervous System. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040632. [PMID: 36831299 PMCID: PMC9954444 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) increasing the survival rate in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, low levels of viremia persist in the brain of patients leading to glia (microglia and astrocytes)-induced neuroinflammation and consequently, the reactivation of HIV and neuronal injury. Here, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of a Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 (LRP-1) agonistic small peptide drug (SP16) in attenuating HIV replication and the secretion of inflammatory molecules in brain reservoirs. SP16 was developed by Serpin Pharma and is derived from the pentapeptide sequence of the serine protease inhibitor alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT). The SP16 peptide sequence was subsequently modified to improve the stability, bioavailability, efficacy, and binding to LRP-1; a scavenger regulatory receptor that internalizes ligands to induce anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and pro-survival signals. Using glial cells infected with HIV, we showed that: (i) SP16 attenuated viral-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules; and (ii) SP16 attenuated viral replication. Using an artificial 3D blood-brain barrier (BBB) system, we showed that: (i) SP16 was transported across the BBB; and (ii) restored the permeability of the BBB compromised by HIV. Mechanistically, we showed that SP16 interaction with LRP-1 and binding lead to: (i) down-regulation in the expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB); and (ii) up-regulation in the expression levels of Akt. Using an in vivo mouse model, we showed that SP16 was transported across the BBB after intranasal delivery, while animals infected with EcoHIV undergo a reduction in (i) viral replication and (ii) viral secreted inflammatory molecules, after exposure to SP16 and antiretrovirals. Overall, these studies confirm a therapeutic response of SP16 against HIV-associated inflammatory effects in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemmy Soler
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Myosotys Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Dana Austin
- Serpin Pharma, 9501 Discovery Blvd Suite 120, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Cyrille Gineste
- Serpin Pharma, 9501 Discovery Blvd Suite 120, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Cohava Gelber
- Serpin Pharma, 9501 Discovery Blvd Suite 120, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(305)-348-4346; Fax: +1-(305)-348-1109
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18
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Cheng C, Qi J, Zhang L, Li H, Lu J, Li S, Zhang Z, Qiu Y, Zhang C, Jiang L, Yu C, Gao X, Bird PI, Chai R. Absence of Serpinb6a causes progressive hair cell apoptosis and hearing loss in mice. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:122-125. [PMID: 36087923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), No.321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No.321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Jieyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), No.321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), No.321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lulu Jiang
- Suzhou Otovia Therapeutics Inc., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Chaorong Yu
- Suzhou Otovia Therapeutics Inc., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), No.321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No.321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
| | - Phillip I Bird
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100086, China.
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19
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Miyazawa K, Fogelson AL, Leiderman K. Inhibition of platelet-surface-bound proteins during coagulation under flow II: Antithrombin and heparin. Biophys J 2023; 122:230-240. [PMID: 36325617 PMCID: PMC9822793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood coagulation is a self-repair process regulated by activated platelet surfaces, clotting factors, and inhibitors. Antithrombin (AT) is one such inhibitor that impedes coagulation by targeting and inactivating several key coagulation enzymes. The effect of AT is greatly enhanced in the presence of heparin, a common anticoagulant drug. When heparin binds to AT, it either bridges with the target enzyme or induces allosteric changes in AT leading to more favorable binding with the target enzyme. AT inhibition of fluid-phase enzymes caused little suppression of thrombin generation in our previous mathematical models of blood coagulation under flow. This is because in that model, flow itself was a greater inhibitor of the fluid-phase enzymes than AT. From clinical observations, it is clear that AT and heparin should have strong inhibitory effects on thrombin generation, and thus we hypothesized that AT could be inhibiting enzymes bound to activated platelet surfaces that are not subject to being washed away by flow. We extended our mathematical model to include the relevant reactions of AT inhibition at the activated platelet surfaces as well as those for unfractionated heparin and a low molecular weight heparin. Our results show that AT alone is only an effective inhibitor at low tissue factor densities, but in the presence of heparin, it can greatly alter, and in some cases shut down, thrombin generation. Additionally, we studied each target enzyme separately and found that inactivation of no single enzyme could substantially suppress thrombin generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Miyazawa
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado
| | - Aaron L Fogelson
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Karin Leiderman
- Mathematics Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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20
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Humphreys SJ, Whyte CS, Mutch NJ. "Super" SERPINs-A stabilizing force against fibrinolysis in thromboinflammatory conditions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1146833. [PMID: 37153474 PMCID: PMC10155837 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1146833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs) are a class of inhibitors that utilise a dynamic conformational change to trap and inhibit their target enzymes. Their powerful nature lends itself well to regulation of complex physiological enzymatic cascades, such as the haemostatic, inflammatory and complement pathways. The SERPINs α2-antiplasmin, plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1, plasminogen-activator inhibitor-2, protease nexin-1, and C1-inhibitor play crucial inhibitory roles in regulation of the fibrinolytic system and inflammation. Elevated levels of these SERPINs are associated with increased risk of thrombotic complications, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Conversely, deficiencies of these SERPINs have been linked to hyperfibrinolysis with bleeding and angioedema. In recent years SERPINs have been implicated in the modulation of the immune response and various thromboinflammatory conditions, such as sepsis and COVID-19. Here, we highlight the current understanding of the physiological role of SERPINs in haemostasis and inflammatory disease progression, with emphasis on the fibrinolytic pathway, and how this becomes dysregulated during disease. Finally, we consider the role of these SERPINs as potential biomarkers of disease progression and therapeutic targets for thromboinflammatory diseases.
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21
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Ran M, Shi Y, Li B, Xiang H, Tao M, Meng X, Li T, Li C, Bao J, Pan G, Zhou Z. Genome-Wide Characterization and Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Serpin Gene Family in Microsporidian Nosema bombycis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010550. [PMID: 36613990 PMCID: PMC9820262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are ubiquitous in the environment, infecting almost all invertebrates, vertebrates, and some protists. The microsporidian Nosema bombycis causes silkworms pébrine disease and leads to huge economic losses. Parasite secreted proteins play vital roles in pathogen-host interactions. Serine protease inhibitors (serpins), belonging to the largest and most broadly distributed protease inhibitor superfamily, are also found in Microsporidia. In this study, we characterized 19 serpins (NbSPNs) in N. bombycis; eight of them were predicted with signal peptides. All NbSPN proteins contain a typical conserved serpin (PF00079) domain. The comparative genomic analysis revealed that microsporidia serpins were only found in the genus Nosema. In addition to N. bombycis, a total of 34 serpins were identified in another six species of Nosema including N. antheraeae (11), N. granulosis (8), Nosema sp. YNPr (3), Nosema sp. PM-1 (3), N. apis (4), and N. ceranae (5). Serpin gene duplications in tandem obviously occurred in Nosema antheranae. Notably, the NbSPNs were phylogenetically clustered with serpins from the Chordopoxvirinae, the subfamily of Poxvirus. All 19 NbSPN transcripts were detected in the infected midgut and fat body, while 19 NbSPN genes except for NbSPN12 were found in the transcriptome of the infected silkworm embryonic cell line BmE-SWU1. Our work paves the way for further study of serpin function in microsporidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshuang Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yulian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Boning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Heng Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Meilin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jialing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
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Wu Z, Tang M, Zhao J, Lin Z, Wang S, Bao Y. Genome-wide identification and immune response analysis of serine protease inhibitor genes in the blood clam Tegillarca granosa. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:1234-1244. [PMID: 36417957 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (SPIs) are the main regulators of serine protease activities. In this study, we present a genome-wide identification of SPI genes in T. granosa(TgSPI genes)and their expression characteristics in respond to Vibrio stress. A total of 102 TgSPI genes belonging to eight families, including Serpin, TIL (trypsin inhibitor like cysteine rich domain), Kunitz, Kazal, I84, Pacifastin, WAP (whey acidic protein) and A2M (Alpha-2-macroglobulin) were identified, while no genes belonging to Bowman-Birk, amfpi and Antistasin families were identified. The Kazal family has the most TgSPI genes with 38, and 11 TgSPI genes belong to the mollusc-specific I84 family. The TgSPI genes were found to be randomly distributed on 17 chromosomes with 12 tandem duplicate gene pairs. Expression profiles showed that most TgSPI genes were mainly expressed in immune-related tissues such as hepatopancreas, gill and mantle. In the hepatopancreas, most of TgSPI genes were sensitive to Vibrio stress, 28 and 29 TgSPI genes were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. Some up-regulated genes with signal peptides, such as the TgSPIs of I84 family, may act as a mechanism to directly prevent Vibrio from invasion. Six Kazal-type TgSPIs (TgSPI29, 45, 49, 50, 51 and 52) were intracellular proteins and their expression was down-regulated in hemocytes after Vibrio stress. This may have boosted protease activity in hemocytes to the point that more hemoglobin derived peptides were produced and secreted into the hemolymph to exert their anti-Vibrio effects. These findings may provide valuable information for further clarifying the roles of SPIs in the immune defense and will benefit future exploration of the immune function of SPIs in molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongming Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Mengjie Tang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Jiafeng Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Zhihua Lin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China; Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ninghai, 315604, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China; Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ninghai, 315604, China.
| | - Yongbo Bao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China; Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ninghai, 315604, China.
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23
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Long-range allostery mediates the regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by cell adhesion factor vitronectin. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102652. [PMID: 36444882 PMCID: PMC9731859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The serpin plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) spontaneously undergoes a massive structural change from a metastable and active conformation, with a solvent-accessible reactive center loop (RCL), to a stable, inactive, or latent conformation, with the RCL inserted into the central β-sheet. Physiologically, conversion to the latent state is regulated by the binding of vitronectin, which hinders the latency transition rate approximately twofold. The molecular mechanisms leading to this rate change are unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of vitronectin on the PAI-1 latency transition using all-atom path sampling simulations in explicit solvent. In simulated latency transitions of free PAI-1, the RCL is quite mobile as is the gate, the region that impedes RCL access to the central β-sheet. This mobility allows the formation of a transient salt bridge that facilitates the transition; this finding rationalizes existing mutagenesis results. Vitronectin binding reduces RCL and gate mobility by allosterically rigidifying structural elements over 40 Å away from the binding site, thus blocking transition to the latent conformation. The effects of vitronectin are propagated by a network of dynamically correlated residues including a number of conserved sites that were previously identified as important for PAI-1 stability. Simulations also revealed a transient pocket populated only in the vitronectin-bound state, corresponding to a cryptic drug-binding site identified by crystallography. Overall, these results shed new light on PAI-1 latency transition regulation by vitronectin and illustrate the potential of path sampling simulations for understanding functional protein conformational changes and for facilitating drug discovery.
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24
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Li BY, Guo YY, Xiao G, Guo L, Tang QQ. SERPINA3C ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation through the Cathepsin G/Integrin/AKT pathway. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101500. [PMID: 35436587 PMCID: PMC9062745 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to the increasing prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance, there is an urgent need for better treatment of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. This study aimed to elucidate the role of SERPINA3C, an adipocyte secreted protein, in obesity and related metabolic disorders. METHODS Male wild type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks, adiposity, insulin resistance, and inflammation were assessed. AAV-mediated overexpression of SERPINA3C was injected locally in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) to examine the effect of SERPINA3C. In vitro analyses were conducted in 3T3-L1 adipocytes to explore the molecular pathways underlying the function of SERPINA3C. RESULTS Functional exploration of the SERPINA3C knockout mice revealed that SERPINA3C deficiency led to an impaired metabolic phenotype (more severe obesity, lower metabolic rates, worse glucose intolerance and insulin insensitivity), which was associated with anabatic inflammation and apoptosis of white adipose tissues. Consistent with these results, overexpression of SERPINA3C in inguinal adipose tissue protected mice against diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders with less inflammation and apoptosis in adipose tissue. Mechanistically, SERPINA3C inhibited Cathepsin G activity, acting as a serine protease inhibitor, which blocked Cathepsin G-mediated turnover of α5/β1 Integrin protein. Then, the preserved integrity (increase) of α5/β1 Integrin signaling activated AKT to decrease JNK phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting inflammation and promoting insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings demonstrate a previously unknown SERPINA3C/Cathepsin G/Integrin/AKT pathway in regulating adipose tissue inflammation, and suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting SERPINA3C/Cathepsin G axis in adipose tissue for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying-Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Kinesiology, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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25
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Fé LXSGM, Cipolatti EP, Pinto MCC, Branco S, Nogueira FCS, Ortiz GMD, Pinheiro ADS, Manoel EA. Enzymes in the time of COVID-19: An overview about the effects in the human body, enzyme market, and perspectives for new drugs. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:2126-2167. [PMID: 35762498 PMCID: PMC9350392 DOI: 10.1002/med.21919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rising pandemic caused by a coronavirus, resulted in a scientific quest to discover some effective treatments against its etiologic agent, the severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). This research represented a significant scientific landmark and resulted in many medical advances. However, efforts to understand the viral mechanism of action and how the human body machinery is subverted during the infection are still ongoing. Herein, we contributed to this field with this compilation of the roles of both viral and human enzymes in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In this sense, this overview reports that proteases are vital for the infection to take place: from SARS‐CoV‐2 perspective, the main protease (Mpro) and papain‐like protease (PLpro) are highlighted; from the human body, angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2, transmembrane serine protease‐2, and cathepsins (CatB/L) are pointed out. In addition, the influence of the virus on other enzymes is reported as the JAK/STAT pathway and the levels of lipase, enzymes from the cholesterol metabolism pathway, amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase are also be disturbed in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Finally, this paper discusses the importance of detailed enzymatic studies for future treatments against SARS‐CoV‐2, and how some issues related to the syndrome treatment can create opportunities in the biotechnological market of enzymes and the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Xavier Soares Gomes Moura Fé
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliane Pereira Cipolatti
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martina Costa Cerqueira Pinto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia (CT), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Chemical Engineering Program, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE), Centro de Tecnologia (CT), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suema Branco
- Biofísica Ambiental, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio César Sousa Nogueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia (CT), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gisela Maria Dellamora Ortiz
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anderson de Sá Pinheiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia (CT), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Evelin Andrade Manoel
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia (CT), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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26
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Feng M, Swevers L, Sun J. Hemocyte Clusters Defined by scRNA-Seq in Bombyx mori: In Silico Analysis of Predicted Marker Genes and Implications for Potential Functional Roles. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852702. [PMID: 35281044 PMCID: PMC8914287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the hemolymph, insect hemocytes constitute a heterogeneous population of macrophage-like cells that play important roles in innate immunity, homeostasis and development. Classification of hemocytes in different subtypes by size, morphology and biochemical or immunological markers has been difficult and only in Drosophila extensive genetic analysis allowed the construction of a coherent picture of hemocyte differentiation from pro-hemocytes to granulocytes, crystal cells and plasmatocytes. However, the advent of high-throughput single cell technologies, such as single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), is bound to have a high impact on the study of hemocytes subtypes and their phenotypes in other insects for which a sophisticated genetic toolbox is not available. Instead of averaging gene expression across all cells as occurs in bulk-RNA-seq, scRNA-seq allows high-throughput and specific visualization of the differentiation status of individual cells. With scRNA-seq, interesting cell types can be identified in heterogeneous populations and direct analysis of rare cell types is possible. Next to its ability to profile the transcriptomes of individual cells in tissue samples, scRNA-seq can be used to propose marker genes that are characteristic of different hemocyte subtypes and predict their functions. In this perspective, the identities of the different marker genes that were identified by scRNA-seq analysis to define 13 distinct cell clusters of hemocytes in larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, are discussed in detail. The analysis confirms the broad division of hemocytes in granulocytes, plasmatocytes, oenocytoids and perhaps spherulocytes but also reveals considerable complexity at the molecular level and highly specialized functions. In addition, predicted hemocyte marker genes in Bombyx generally show only limited convergence with the genes that are considered characteristic for hemocyte subtypes in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Jingchen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Gu Q, Wu Z, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Shi M, Huang J, Chen X. A teratocyte-specific serpin from the endoparasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis inhibits the prophenoloxidase-activating system of its host Plutella xylostella. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:202-215. [PMID: 34897868 PMCID: PMC9303735 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many endoparasitoids adopt several parasitic factors, such as venom, polydnavirus and teratocytes, to suppress the immune response of their associated hosts including melanization for successful parasitism. A teratocyte-specific expressed serpin gene, designated as CvT-serpin6, was identified from the parasitoid Cotesia vestalis. The immunoblot result suggested that CvT-serpin6 was secreted into extracellular space. qPCR results showed that CvT-serpin6 was mainly transcribed at later stages of parasitism, and the transcriptional abundance of CvT-serpin6 in teratocytes was significantly increased in response to the challenge of bacteria. Inhibitory assay indicated that recombinant CvT-serpin6 (rCvT-serpin6) could inhibit the activation of Plutella xylostella prophenoloxidase and ultimately resulted in the inhibition of melanization in P. xylostella haemolymph. Furthermore, we confirmed that rCvT-serpin6 could form SDS-stable complexes with activated PxPAP1 and PxPAP3 in a dose-dependent manner. Altogether, our results further shed insight into the molecular mechanisms that teratocytes involved in controlling host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijuan Gu
- Institute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- College of Agriculture and Food scienceZhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Institute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuenan Zhou
- Institute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- Institute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Min Shi
- Institute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect PestsZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Key Lab of Rice BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Kanno Y, Shu E. α2-Antiplasmin as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Systemic Sclerosis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030396. [PMID: 35330147 PMCID: PMC8953682 DOI: 10.3390/life12030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease of unknown origin that is characterized by immune system abnormalities, vascular damage, and extensive fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. α2-antiplasmin is known to be the main plasmin inhibitor and has various functions such as cell differentiation and cytokine production, as well as the regulation of the maintenance of the immune system, endothelial homeostasis, and extracellular matrix metabolism. The expression of α2-antiplasmin is elevated in dermal fibroblasts from systemic sclerosis patients, and the blockade of α2-antiplasmin suppresses fibrosis progression and vascular dysfunction in systemic sclerosis model mice. α2-antiplasmin may have promise as a potential therapeutic target for systemic sclerosis. This review considers the role of α2-antiplasmin in the progression of systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kanno
- Department of Clinical Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, 97-1 Kodo Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+81-0774-65-8629
| | - En Shu
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
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29
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rDromaserpin: A Novel Anti-Hemostatic Serpin, from the Salivary Glands of the Hard Tick Hyalomma dromedarii. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120913. [PMID: 34941750 PMCID: PMC8703697 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemostatic disorders are caused either by platelet-related dysfunctions, defective blood coagulation, or by a combination of both, leading to an increased susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and other related illnesses. The unique specificity of anticoagulants from hematophagous arthropods, such as ticks, suggests that tick saliva holds great promise for discovering new treatments for these life-threatening diseases. In this study, we combined in silico and in vitro analyses to characterize the first recombinant serpin, herein called Dromaserpin, from the sialotranscriptome of the Hyalomma dromedarii tick. Our in silico data described Dromaserpin as a secreted protein of ~43 kDa with high similarities to previously characterized inhibitory serpins. The recombinant protein (rDromaserpin) was obtained as a well-structured monomer, which was tested using global blood coagulation and platelet aggregation assays. With this approach, we confirmed rDromaserpin anticoagulant activity as it significantly delayed plasma clotting in activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time assays. The profiling of proteolytic activity shows its capacity to inhibit thrombin in the micromolar range (0.2 to 1 μM) and in the presence of heparin this inhibition was clearly increased. It was also able to inhibit Kallikrein, FXIa and slightly FXIIa, with no significant effect on other factors. In addition, the rDromaserpin inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Taken together, our data suggest that rDromaserpin deserves to be further investigated as a potential candidate for developing therapeutic compounds targeting disorders related to blood clotting and/or platelet aggregation.
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A. Tindall C, Erkner E, Stichel J, G. Beck-Sickinger A, Hoffmann A, Weiner J, T. Heiker J. Cleavage of the vaspin N-terminus releases cell-penetrating peptides that affect early stages of adipogenesis and inhibit lipolysis in mature adipocytes. Adipocyte 2021; 10:216-231. [PMID: 33866927 PMCID: PMC8078822 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1910154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaspin expression and function is related to metabolic disorders and comorbidities of obesity. In various cellular and animal models of obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis vaspin has shown beneficial, protective and/or compensatory action. While testing proteases for inhibition by vaspin, we noticed specific cleavage within the vaspin N-terminus and sequence analysis predicted cell-penetrating activity for the released peptides. These findings raised the question whether these proteolytic peptides exhibit biological activity. We synthesized various N-terminal vaspin peptides to investigate cell-penetrating activity and analyse uptake mechanisms. Focusing on adipocytes, we performed microarray analysis and functional assays to elucidate biological activities of the vaspin–derived peptide, which is released by KLK7 cleavage (vaspin residues 21-30; VaspinN). Our study provides first evidence that proteolytic processing of the vaspin N-terminus releases cell-penetrating and bioactive peptides with effects on adipocyte biology. The VaspinN peptide increased preadipocyte proliferation, interfered with clonal expansion during the early stage of adipogenesis and blunted adrenergic cAMP-signalling, downstream lipolysis as well as insulin signalling in mature adipocytes. Protease-mediated release of functional N-terminal peptides presents an additional facet of vaspin action. Future studies will address the mechanisms underlying the biological activities and clarify, if vaspin-derived peptides may have potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Tindall
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Estelle Erkner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Stichel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Weiner
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T. Heiker
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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31
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Hassan SS, Aljabali AAA, Panda PK, Ghosh S, Attrish D, Choudhury PP, Seyran M, Pizzol D, Adadi P, Abd El-Aziz TM, Soares A, Kandimalla R, Lundstrom K, Lal A, Azad GK, Uversky VN, Sherchan SP, Baetas-da-Cruz W, Uhal BD, Rezaei N, Chauhan G, Barh D, Redwan EM, Dayhoff GW, Bazan NG, Serrano-Aroca Á, El-Demerdash A, Mishra YK, Palu G, Takayama K, Brufsky AM, Tambuwala MM. A unique view of SARS-CoV-2 through the lens of ORF8 protein. Comput Biol Med 2021; 133:104380. [PMID: 33872970 PMCID: PMC8049180 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune evasion is one of the unique characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) attributed to its ORF8 protein. This protein modulates the adaptive host immunity through down-regulation of MHC-1 (Major Histocompatibility Complex) molecules and innate immune responses by surpassing the host's interferon-mediated antiviral response. To understand the host's immune perspective in reference to the ORF8 protein, a comprehensive study of the ORF8 protein and mutations possessed by it have been performed. Chemical and structural properties of ORF8 proteins from different hosts, such as human, bat, and pangolin, suggest that the ORF8 of SARS-CoV-2 is much closer to ORF8 of Bat RaTG13-CoV than to that of Pangolin-CoV. Eighty-seven mutations across unique variants of ORF8 in SARS-CoV-2 can be grouped into four classes based on their predicted effects (Hussain et al., 2021) [1]. Based on the geo-locations and timescale of sample collection, a possible flow of mutations was built. Furthermore, conclusive flows of amalgamation of mutations were found upon sequence similarity analyses and consideration of the amino acid conservation phylogenies. Therefore, this study seeks to highlight the uniqueness of the rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 through the ORF8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Sarif Hassan
- Department of Mathematics, Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya, Maligram, 721140, India
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Irbid, 566, Jordan
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shinjini Ghosh
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Diksha Attrish
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Pabitra Pal Choudhury
- Applied Statistics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, 700108, West Bengal, India
| | - Murat Seyran
- Doctoral Studies in Natural and Technical Sciences (SPL 44), University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Damiano Pizzol
- Italian Agency for Development Cooperation - Khartoum, Sudan Street 33, Al Amarat, Sudan
| | - Parise Adadi
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Antonio Soares
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | | | - Amos Lal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Samendra P Sherchan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Wagner Baetas-da-Cruz
- Translational Laboratory in Molecular Physiology, Centre for Experimental Surgery, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruce D Uhal
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gaurav Chauhan
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Sur, 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico Tecnológico De Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), PatnaPatna, India
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- King Abdulazizi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Science, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guy W Dayhoff
- Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Translational Research Centre San Alberto Magno, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amr El-Demerdash
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Institute de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yogendra K Mishra
- University of Southern Denmark, Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Giorgio Palu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for IPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Adam M Brufsky
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
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32
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Are Physicochemical Properties Shaping the Allergenic Potency of Animal Allergens? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:1-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Taboada C, Brunetti AE, Lyra ML, Fitak RR, Faigón Soverna A, Ron SR, Lagorio MG, Haddad CFB, Lopes NP, Johnsen S, Faivovich J, Chemes LB, Bari SE. Multiple origins of green coloration in frogs mediated by a novel biliverdin-binding serpin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18574-18581. [PMID: 32661155 PMCID: PMC7414155 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006771117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many vertebrates have distinctive blue-green bones and other tissues due to unusually high biliverdin concentrations-a phenomenon called chlorosis. Despite its prevalence, the biochemical basis, biology, and evolution of chlorosis are poorly understood. In this study, we show that the occurrence of high biliverdin in anurans (frogs and toads) has evolved multiple times during their evolutionary history, and relies on the same mechanism-the presence of a class of serpin family proteins that bind biliverdin. Using a diverse combination of techniques, we purified these serpins from several species of nonmodel treefrogs and developed a pipeline that allowed us to assemble their complete amino acid and nucleotide sequences. The described proteins, hereafter named biliverdin-binding serpins (BBS), have absorption spectra that mimic those of phytochromes and bacteriophytochromes. Our models showed that physiological concentration of BBSs fine-tune the color of the animals, providing the physiological basis for crypsis in green foliage even under near-infrared light. Additionally, we found that these BBSs are most similar to human glycoprotein alpha-1-antitrypsin, but with a remarkable functional diversification. Our results present molecular and functional evidence of recurrent evolution of chlorosis, describe a biliverdin-binding protein in vertebrates, and introduce a function for a member of the serpin superfamily, the largest and most ubiquitous group of protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Taboada
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708;
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia," Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrés E Brunetti
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva "Claudio Juan Bidau," Instituto de Biología Subtropical (CONICET-UNaM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, 3300 Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Mariana L Lyra
- Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robert R Fitak
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Department of Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816
| | - Ana Faigón Soverna
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia," Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina
| | - Santiago R Ron
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Aptdo. 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María G Lagorio
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Célio F B Haddad
- Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norberto P Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sönke Johnsen
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Julián Faivovich
- División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia," Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Lucía B Chemes
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, CP1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sara E Bari
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina;
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Zhao N, Ren Y, Yamazaki Y, Qiao W, Li F, Felton LM, Mahmoudiandehkordi S, Kueider-Paisley A, Sonoustoun B, Arnold M, Shue F, Zheng J, Attrebi ON, Martens YA, Li Z, Bastea L, Meneses AD, Chen K, Thompson JW, St John-Williams L, Tachibana M, Aikawa T, Oue H, Job L, Yamazaki A, Liu CC, Storz P, Asmann YW, Ertekin-Taner N, Kanekiyo T, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Bu G. Alzheimer's Risk Factors Age, APOE Genotype, and Sex Drive Distinct Molecular Pathways. Neuron 2020; 106:727-742.e6. [PMID: 32199103 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests interplay among the three major risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD): age, APOE genotype, and sex. Here, we present comprehensive datasets and analyses of brain transcriptomes and blood metabolomes from human apoE2-, apoE3-, and apoE4-targeted replacement mice across young, middle, and old ages with both sexes. We found that age had the greatest impact on brain transcriptomes highlighted by an immune module led by Trem2 and Tyrobp, whereas APOE4 was associated with upregulation of multiple Serpina3 genes. Importantly, these networks and gene expression changes were mostly conserved in human brains. Finally, we observed a significant interaction between age, APOE genotype, and sex on unfolded protein response pathway. In the periphery, APOE2 drove distinct blood metabolome profile highlighted by the upregulation of lipid metabolites. Our work identifies unique and interactive molecular pathways underlying AD risk factors providing valuable resources for discovery and validation research in model systems and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Yingxue Ren
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yu Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Wenhui Qiao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Fuyao Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Lindsey M Felton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Siamak Mahmoudiandehkordi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Medicine and the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Alexandra Kueider-Paisley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Medicine and the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Matthias Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Medicine and the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bavaria 85764, Germany
| | - Francis Shue
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Olivia N Attrebi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yuka A Martens
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Zonghua Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ligia Bastea
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Axel D Meneses
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - J Will Thompson
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Lisa St John-Williams
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Masaya Tachibana
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Tomonori Aikawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Hiroshi Oue
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Lucy Job
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Akari Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Medicine and the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Cancer-associated mutations in the ribosomal protein L5 gene dysregulate the HDM2/p53-mediated ribosome biogenesis checkpoint. Oncogene 2020; 39:3443-3457. [PMID: 32108164 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations in ribosome biogenesis have been associated with cancer. Such aberrations activate p53 through the RPL5/RPL11/5S rRNA complex-mediated inhibition of HDM2. Studies using animal models have suggested that this signaling pathway might constitute an important anticancer barrier. To gain a deeper insight into this issue in humans, here we analyze somatic mutations in RPL5 and RPL11 coding regions, reported in The Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium databases. Using a combined computational and statistical approach, complemented by a range of biochemical and functional analyses in human cancer cell models, we demonstrate the existence of several mechanisms by which RPL5 mutations may impair wild-type p53 upregulation and ribosome biogenesis. Unexpectedly, the same approach provides only modest evidence for a similar role of RPL11, suggesting that RPL5 represents a preferred target during human tumorigenesis in cancers with wild-type p53. Furthermore, we find that several functional cancer-associated RPL5 somatic mutations occur as rare germline variants in general population. Our results shed light on the so-far enigmatic role of cancer-associated mutations in genes encoding ribosomal proteins, with implications for our understanding of the tumor suppressive role of the RPL5/RPL11/5S rRNA complex in human malignancies.
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Reinke AA, Li SH, Warnock M, Shaydakov ME, Guntaka NS, Su EJ, Diaz JA, Emal CD, Lawrence DA. Dual-reporter high-throughput screen for small-molecule in vivo inhibitors of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 yields a clinical lead candidate. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:1464-1477. [PMID: 30510136 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) implicated in numerous pathological processes, including coronary heart disease, arterial and venous thrombosis, and chronic fibrotic diseases. These associations have made PAI-1 an attractive pharmaceutical target. However, the complexity of the serpin inhibitory mechanism, the inherent metastability of serpins, and the high-affinity association of PAI-1 with vitronectin in vivo have made it difficult to identify pharmacologically effective small-molecule inhibitors. Moreover, the majority of current small-molecule PAI-1 inhibitors are poor pharmaceutical candidates. To this end and to find leads that can be efficiently applied to in vivo settings, we developed a dual-reporter high-throughput screen (HTS) that reduced the rate of nonspecific and promiscuous hits and identified leads that inhibit human PAI-1 in the high-protein environments present in vivo Using this system, we screened >152,000 pure compounds and 27,000 natural product extracts (NPEs), reducing the apparent hit rate by almost 10-fold compared with previous screening approaches. Furthermore, screening in a high-protein environment permitted the identification of compounds that retained activity in both ex vivo plasma and in vivo Following lead identification, subsequent medicinal chemistry and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies identified a lead clinical candidate, MDI-2268, having excellent pharmacokinetics, potent activity against vitronectin-bound PAI-1 in vivo, and efficacy in a murine model of venous thrombosis. This rigorous HTS approach eliminates promiscuous candidate leads, significantly accelerates the process of identifying PAI-1 inhibitors that can be rapidly deployed in vivo, and has enabled identification of a potent lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Reinke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Shih-Hon Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Mark Warnock
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Maxim E Shaydakov
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | | | - Enming J Su
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jose A Diaz
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Cory D Emal
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197
| | - Daniel A Lawrence
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
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Águila S, Izaguirre G, Martínez-Martínez I, Vicente V, Olson ST, Corral J. Disease-causing mutations in the serpin antithrombin reveal a key domain critical for inhibiting protease activities. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16513-16520. [PMID: 28743742 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.787325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antithrombin mainly inhibits factor Xa and thrombin. The reactive center loop (RCL) is crucial for its interactions with its protease targets and is fully inserted into the A-sheet after its cleavage, causing translocation of the covalently linked protease to the opposite end of the A-sheet. Antithrombin variants with altered RCL hinge residues behave as substrates rather than inhibitors, resulting in stoichiometries of inhibition greater than one. Other antithrombin residues have been suggested to interfere with RCL insertion or the stability of the antithrombin-protease complex, but available crystal structures or mutagenesis studies have failed to identify such residues. Here, we characterized two mutations, S365L and I207T, present in individuals with type II antithrombin deficiency and identified a new antithrombin functional domain. S365L did not form stable complexes with thrombin or factor Xa, and the I207T/I207A variants inhibited both proteases with elevated stoichiometries of inhibition. Close proximity of Ile-207 and Ser-365 to the inserted RCL suggested that the preferred reaction of these mutants as protease substrates reflects an effect on the rate of the RCL insertion and protease translocation. However, both residues lie within the final docking site for the protease in the antithrombin-protease complex, supporting the idea that the enhanced substrate reactions may result from an increased dissociation of the final complexes. Our findings demonstrate that the distal end of the antithrombin A-sheet is crucial for the last steps of protease inhibition either by affecting the rate of RCL insertion or through critical interactions with proteases at the end of the A-sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Águila
- From the Centro Regional de Hemodonación and Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Izaguirre
- the Department of Periodontics, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | - Irene Martínez-Martínez
- From the Centro Regional de Hemodonación and Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30003 Murcia, Spain, .,the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Vicente
- From the Centro Regional de Hemodonación and Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30003 Murcia, Spain.,the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Steven T Olson
- the Department of Periodontics, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | - Javier Corral
- From the Centro Regional de Hemodonación and Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30003 Murcia, Spain.,the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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38
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Goulas T, Ksiazek M, Garcia-Ferrer I, Sochaj-Gregorczyk AM, Waligorska I, Wasylewski M, Potempa J, Gomis-Rüth FX. A structure-derived snap-trap mechanism of a multispecific serpin from the dysbiotic human oral microbiome. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10883-10898. [PMID: 28512127 PMCID: PMC5491774 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.786533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enduring host-microbiome relationships are based on adaptive strategies within a particular ecological niche. Tannerella forsythia is a dysbiotic member of the human oral microbiome that inhabits periodontal pockets and contributes to chronic periodontitis. To counteract endopeptidases from the host or microbial competitors, T. forsythia possesses a serpin-type proteinase inhibitor called miropin. Although serpins from animals, plants, and viruses have been widely studied, those from prokaryotes have received only limited attention. Here we show that miropin uses the serpin-type suicidal mechanism. We found that, similar to a snap trap, the protein transits from a metastable native form to a relaxed triggered or induced form after cleavage of a reactive-site target bond in an exposed reactive-center loop. The prey peptidase becomes covalently attached to the inhibitor, is dragged 75 Å apart, and is irreversibly inhibited. This coincides with a large conformational rearrangement of miropin, which inserts the segment upstream of the cleavage site as an extra β-strand in a central β-sheet. Standard serpins possess a single target bond and inhibit selected endopeptidases of particular specificity and class. In contrast, miropin uniquely blocked many serine and cysteine endopeptidases of disparate architecture and substrate specificity owing to several potential target bonds within the reactive-center loop and to plasticity in accommodating extra β-strands of variable length. Phylogenetic studies revealed a patchy distribution of bacterial serpins incompatible with a vertical descent model. This finding suggests that miropin was acquired from the host through horizontal gene transfer, perhaps facilitated by the long and intimate association of T. forsythia with the human gingiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Goulas
- From the Proteolysis Lab, Structural Biology Unit, María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miroslaw Ksiazek
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and
- the Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - Irene Garcia-Ferrer
- From the Proteolysis Lab, Structural Biology Unit, María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicja M Sochaj-Gregorczyk
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and
- the Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland, and
| | - Irena Waligorska
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and
| | - Marcin Wasylewski
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and
| | - Jan Potempa
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology and
- the Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - F Xavier Gomis-Rüth
- From the Proteolysis Lab, Structural Biology Unit, María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,
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39
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Giełdoń A, Witt MM, Gajewicz A, Puzyn T. Rapid insight into C60 influence on biological functions of proteins. Struct Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-017-0957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Wei H, Cai H, Wu J, Wei Z, Zhang F, Huang X, Ma L, Feng L, Zhang R, Wang Y, Ragg H, Zheng Y, Zhou A. Heparin Binds Lamprey Angiotensinogen and Promotes Thrombin Inhibition through a Template Mechanism. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24900-24911. [PMID: 27681598 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.725895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamprey angiotensinogen (l-ANT) is a hormone carrier in the regulation of blood pressure, but it is also a heparin-dependent thrombin inhibitor in lamprey blood coagulation system. The detailed mechanisms on how angiotensin is carried by l-ANT and how heparin binds l-ANT and mediates thrombin inhibition are unclear. Here we have solved the crystal structure of cleaved l-ANT at 2.7 Å resolution and characterized its properties in heparin binding and protease inhibition. The structure reveals that l-ANT has a conserved serpin fold with a labile N-terminal angiotensin peptide and undergoes a typical stressed-to-relaxed conformational change when the reactive center loop is cleaved. Heparin binds l-ANT tightly with a dissociation constant of ∼10 nm involving ∼8 monosaccharides and ∼6 ionic interactions. The heparin binding site is located in an extensive positively charged surface area around helix D involving residues Lys-148, Lys-151, Arg-155, and Arg-380. Although l-ANT by itself is a poor thrombin inhibitor with a second order rate constant of 500 m-1 s-1, its interaction with thrombin is accelerated 90-fold by high molecular weight heparin following a bell-shaped dose-dependent curve. Short heparin chains of 6-20 monosaccharide units are insufficient to promote thrombin inhibition. Furthermore, an l-ANT mutant with the P1 Ile mutated to Arg inhibits thrombin nearly 1500-fold faster than the wild type, which is further accelerated by high molecular weight heparin. Taken together, these results suggest that heparin binds l-ANT at a conserved heparin binding site around helix D and promotes the interaction between l-ANT and thrombin through a template mechanism conserved in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudie Wei
- From the Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Haiyan Cai
- From the Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Jiawei Wu
- From the Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Zhenquan Wei
- From the Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Fei Zhang
- From the Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Xin Huang
- From the Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Lina Ma
- From the Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Lingling Feng
- From the Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- From the Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Yunjie Wang
- the Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33613 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hermann Ragg
- the Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33613 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ying Zheng
- From the Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
| | - Aiwu Zhou
- From the Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China and
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41
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Porebski BT, Keleher S, Hollins JJ, Nickson AA, Marijanovic EM, Borg NA, Costa MGS, Pearce MA, Dai W, Zhu L, Irving JA, Hoke DE, Kass I, Whisstock JC, Bottomley SP, Webb GI, McGowan S, Buckle AM. Smoothing a rugged protein folding landscape by sequence-based redesign. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33958. [PMID: 27667094 PMCID: PMC5036219 DOI: 10.1038/srep33958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rugged folding landscapes of functional proteins puts them at risk of misfolding and aggregation. Serine protease inhibitors, or serpins, are paradigms for this delicate balance between function and misfolding. Serpins exist in a metastable state that undergoes a major conformational change in order to inhibit proteases. However, conformational labiality of the native serpin fold renders them susceptible to misfolding, which underlies misfolding diseases such as α1-antitrypsin deficiency. To investigate how serpins balance function and folding, we used consensus design to create conserpin, a synthetic serpin that folds reversibly, is functional, thermostable, and polymerization resistant. Characterization of its structure, folding and dynamics suggest that consensus design has remodeled the folding landscape to reconcile competing requirements for stability and function. This approach may offer general benefits for engineering functional proteins that have risky folding landscapes, including the removal of aggregation-prone intermediates, and modifying scaffolds for use as protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Porebski
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Shani Keleher
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Hollins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian A Nickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia M Marijanovic
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Natalie A Borg
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mauricio G S Costa
- Programa de Computação Científica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21949900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mary A Pearce
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Weiwen Dai
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Liguang Zhu
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - James A Irving
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - David E Hoke
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Itamar Kass
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - James C Whisstock
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Stephen P Bottomley
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Geoffrey I Webb
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sheena McGowan
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ashley M Buckle
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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42
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Alpha-1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1) mutation spectrum: Three novel variants and haplotype characterization of rare deficiency alleles identified in Portugal. Respir Med 2016; 116:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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43
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Huang X, Zheng Y, Zhang F, Wei Z, Wang Y, Carrell RW, Read RJ, Chen GQ, Zhou A. Molecular Mechanism of Z α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15674-86. [PMID: 27246852 PMCID: PMC4957051 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.727826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Z mutation (E342K) of α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT), carried by 4% of Northern Europeans, predisposes to early onset of emphysema due to decreased functional α1-AT in the lung and to liver cirrhosis due to accumulation of polymers in hepatocytes. However, it remains unclear why the Z mutation causes intracellular polymerization of nascent Z α1-AT and why 15% of the expressed Z α1-AT is secreted into circulation as functional, but polymerogenic, monomers. Here, we solve the crystal structure of the Z-monomer and have engineered replacements to assess the conformational role of residue Glu-342 in α1-AT. The results reveal that Z α1-AT has a labile strand 5 of the central β-sheet A (s5A) with a consequent equilibrium between a native inhibitory conformation, as in its crystal structure here, and an aberrant conformation with s5A only partially incorporated into the central β-sheet. This aberrant conformation, induced by the loss of interactions from the Glu-342 side chain, explains why Z α1-AT is prone to polymerization and readily binds to a 6-mer peptide, and it supports that annealing of s5A into the central β-sheet is a crucial step in the serpins' metastable conformational formation. The demonstration that the aberrant conformation can be rectified through stabilization of the labile s5A by binding of a small molecule opens a potential therapeutic approach for Z α1-AT deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- From the Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- the Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China, and
| | - Fei Zhang
- the Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China, and
| | - Zhenquan Wei
- the Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China, and
| | - Yugang Wang
- the Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China, and
| | - Robin W Carrell
- the Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Randy J Read
- the Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- From the Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, China, the Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China, and
| | - Aiwu Zhou
- the Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China, and
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44
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Abstract
Although proteins generally fold to their thermodynamically most stable state, some metastable proteins populate higher free energy states. Conformational changes from metastable higher free energy states to lower free energy states with greater stability can then generate the work required to perform physiologically important functions. However, how metastable proteins fold to these higher free energy states in the cell and avoid more stable but inactive conformations is poorly understood. The serpin family of metastable protease inhibitors uses large conformational changes that are downhill in free energy to inhibit target proteases by pulling apart the protease active site. The serpin antithrombin III (ATIII) targets thrombin and other proteases involved in blood coagulation, and ATIII misfolding can thus lead to thrombosis and other diseases. ATIII has three disulfide bonds, two near the N terminus and one near the C terminus. Our studies of ATIII in-cell folding reveal a surprising, biased order of disulfide bond formation, with early formation of the C-terminal disulfide, before formation of the N-terminal disulfides, critical for folding to the active, metastable state. Early folding of the predominantly β-sheet ATIII domain in this two-domain protein constrains the reactive center loop (RCL), which contains the protease-binding site, ensuring that the RCL remains accessible. N-linked glycans and carbohydrate-binding molecular chaperones contribute to the efficient folding and secretion of functional ATIII. The inability of a number of disease-associated ATIII variants to navigate the folding reaction helps to explain their disease phenotypes.
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Kryvalap Y, Lo CW, Manuylova E, Baldzizhar R, Jospe N, Czyzyk J. Antibody Response to Serpin B13 Induces Adaptive Changes in Mouse Pancreatic Islets and Slows Down the Decline in the Residual Beta Cell Function in Children with Recent Onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:266-78. [PMID: 26578518 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.687848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is characterized by a heightened antibody (Ab) response to pancreatic islet self-antigens, which is a biomarker of progressive islet pathology. We recently identified a novel antibody to clade B serpin that reduces islet-associated T cell accumulation and is linked to the delayed onset of T1D. As natural immunity to clade B arises early in life, we hypothesized that it may influence islet development during that time. To test this possibility healthy young Balb/c male mice were injected with serpin B13 mAb or IgG control and examined for the number and cellularity of pancreatic islets by immunofluorescence and FACS. Beta cell proliferation was assessed by measuring nucleotide analog 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5-EdU) incorporation into the DNA and islet Reg gene expression was measured by real time PCR. Human studies involved measuring anti-serpin B13 autoantibodies by Luminex. We found that injecting anti-serpin B13 monoclonal Ab enhanced beta cell proliferation and Reg gene expression, induced the generation of ∼80 pancreatic islets per animal, and ultimately led to increase in the beta cell mass. These findings are relevant to human T1D because our analysis of subjects just diagnosed with T1D revealed an association between baseline anti-serpin activity and slower residual beta cell function decline in the first year after the onset of diabetes. Our findings reveal a new role for the anti-serpin immunological response in promoting adaptive changes in the endocrine pancreas and suggests that enhancement of this response could potentially help impede the progression of T1D in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Kryvalap
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Chi-Wen Lo
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | | | | | - Nicholas Jospe
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Jan Czyzyk
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
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46
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Gettins PGW, Dolmer K. The High Affinity Binding Site on Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) for the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein (LRP1) Is Composed of Four Basic Residues. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:800-12. [PMID: 26555266 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.688820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a serpin inhibitor of the plasminogen activators urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and tissue plasminogen activator, which binds tightly to the clearance and signaling receptor low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in both proteinase-complexed and uncomplexed forms. Binding sites for PAI-1 within LRP1 have been localized to CR clusters II and IV. Within cluster II, there is a strong preference for the triple CR domain fragment CR456. Previous mutagenesis studies to identify the binding site on PAI-1 for LRP1 have given conflicting results or implied small binding contributions incompatible with the high affinity PAI-1/LRP1 interaction. Using a highly sensitive solution fluorescence assay, we have examined binding of CR456 to arginine and lysine variants of PAI-1 and definitively identified the binding site as composed of four basic residues, Lys-69, Arg-76, Lys-80, and Lys-88. These are highly conserved among mammalian PAI-1s. Individual mutations result in a 13-800-fold increase in Kd values. We present evidence that binding involves engagement of CR4 by Lys-88, CR5 by Arg-76 and Lys-80, and CR6 by Lys-69, with the strongest interactions to CR5 and CR6. Collectively, the individual binding contributions account quantitatively for the overall PAI-1/LRP1 affinity. We propose that the greater efficiency of PAI-1·uPA complex binding and clearance by LRP1, compared with PAI-1 alone, is due solely to simultaneous binding of the uPA moiety in the complex to its receptor, thereby making binding of the PAI-1 moiety to LRP1 a two-dimensional surface-localized association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G W Gettins
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Klavs Dolmer
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
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47
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Vicuña L, Strochlic DE, Latremoliere A, Bali KK, Simonetti M, Husainie D, Prokosch S, Riva P, Griffin RS, Njoo C, Gehrig S, Mall MA, Arnold B, Devor M, Woolf CJ, Liberles SD, Costigan M, Kuner R. The serine protease inhibitor SerpinA3N attenuates neuropathic pain by inhibiting T cell-derived leukocyte elastase. Nat Med 2015; 21:518-23. [PMID: 25915831 PMCID: PMC4450999 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a major, intractable clinical problem and its pathophysiology is not well understood. Although recent gene expression profiling studies have enabled the identification of novel targets for pain therapy, classical study designs provide unclear results owing to the differential expression of hundreds of genes across sham and nerve-injured groups, which can be difficult to validate, particularly with respect to the specificity of pain modulation. To circumvent this, we used two outbred lines of rats, which are genetically similar except for being genetically segregated as a result of selective breeding for differences in neuropathic pain hypersensitivity. SerpinA3N, a serine protease inhibitor, was upregulated in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after nerve injury, which was further validated for its mouse homolog. Mice lacking SerpinA3N developed more neuropathic mechanical allodynia than wild-type (WT) mice, and exogenous delivery of SerpinA3N attenuated mechanical allodynia in WT mice. T lymphocytes infiltrate the DRG after nerve injury and release leukocyte elastase (LE), which was inhibited by SerpinA3N derived from DRG neurons. Genetic loss of LE or exogenous application of a LE inhibitor (Sivelastat) in WT mice attenuated neuropathic mechanical allodynia. Overall, we reveal a novel and clinically relevant role for a member of the serpin superfamily and a leukocyte elastase and crosstalk between neurons and T cells in the modulation of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Vicuña
- Pharmacology Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David E Strochlic
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alban Latremoliere
- 1] F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kiran Kumar Bali
- Pharmacology Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuela Simonetti
- Pharmacology Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dewi Husainie
- Pharmacology Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Prokosch
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Priscilla Riva
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert S Griffin
- Department of Anesthesiology (Pain Management), Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christian Njoo
- Pharmacology Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gehrig
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Arnold
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marshall Devor
- Institute of Life Sciences and Center for Research on Pain, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- 1] F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen D Liberles
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Costigan
- 1] F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Anesthesia, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rohini Kuner
- Pharmacology Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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48
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The aggregation-prone intracellular serpin SRP-2 fails to transit the ER in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2015; 200:207-19. [PMID: 25786854 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.176180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusions bodies (FENIB) is a serpinopathy that induces a rare form of presenile dementia. Neuroserpin contains a classical signal peptide and like all extracellular serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) is secreted via the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi pathway. The disease phenotype is due to gain-of-function missense mutations that cause neuroserpin to misfold and aggregate within the ER. In a previous study, nematodes expressing a homologous mutation in the endogenous Caenorhabditis elegans serpin, srp-2, were reported to model the ER proteotoxicity induced by an allele of mutant neuroserpin. Our results suggest that SRP-2 lacks a classical N-terminal signal peptide and is a member of the intracellular serpin family. Using confocal imaging and an ER colocalization marker, we confirmed that GFP-tagged wild-type SRP-2 localized to the cytosol and not the ER. Similarly, the aggregation-prone SRP-2 mutant formed intracellular inclusions that localized to the cytosol. Interestingly, wild-type SRP-2, targeted to the ER by fusion to a cleavable N-terminal signal peptide, failed to be secreted and accumulated within the ER lumen. This ER retention phenotype is typical of other obligate intracellular serpins forced to translocate across the ER membrane. Neuroserpin is a secreted protein that inhibits trypsin-like proteinase. SRP-2 is a cytosolic serpin that inhibits lysosomal cysteine peptidases. We concluded that SRP-2 is neither an ortholog nor a functional homolog of neuroserpin. Furthermore, animals expressing an aggregation-prone mutation in SRP-2 do not model the ER proteotoxicity associated with FENIB.
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Zhang X, Meekins DA, An C, Zolkiewski M, Battaile KP, Kanost MR, Lovell S, Michel K. Structural and inhibitory effects of hinge loop mutagenesis in serpin-2 from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2946-56. [PMID: 25525260 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.625665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Serpin-2 (SRPN2) is a key negative regulator of the melanization response in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. SRPN2 irreversibly inhibits clip domain serine proteinase 9 (CLIPB9), which functions in a serine proteinase cascade culminating in the activation of prophenoloxidase and melanization. Silencing of SRPN2 in A. gambiae results in spontaneous melanization and decreased life span and is therefore a promising target for vector control. The previously determined structure of SRPN2 revealed a partial insertion of the hinge region of the reactive center loop (RCL) into β sheet A. This partial hinge insertion participates in heparin-linked activation in other serpins, notably antithrombin III. SRPN2 does not contain a heparin binding site, and any possible mechanistic function of the hinge insertion was previously unknown. To investigate the function of the SRPN2 hinge insertion, we developed three SRPN2 variants in which the hinge regions are either constitutively expelled or inserted and analyzed their structure, thermostability, and inhibitory activity. We determined that constitutive hinge expulsion resulted in a 2.7-fold increase in the rate of CLIPB9Xa inhibition, which is significantly lower than previous observations of allosteric serpin activation. Furthermore, we determined that stable insertion of the hinge region did not appreciably decrease the accessibility of the RCL to CLIPB9. Together, these results indicate that the partial hinge insertion in SRPN2 does not participate in the allosteric activation observed in other serpins and instead represents a molecular trade-off between RCL accessibility and efficient formation of an inhibitory complex with the cognate proteinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- From the Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - David A Meekins
- From the Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Chunju An
- From the Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, the Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Michal Zolkiewski
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Kevin P Battaile
- Industrial Macromolecular Crystallography Association Collaborative Access Team, Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and
| | - Michael R Kanost
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Scott Lovell
- the Protein Structure Laboratory, Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66407
| | - Kristin Michel
- From the Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506,
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Ksiazek M, Mizgalska D, Enghild JJ, Scavenius C, Thogersen IB, Potempa J. Miropin, a novel bacterial serpin from the periodontopathogen Tannerella forsythia, inhibits a broad range of proteases by using different peptide bonds within the reactive center loop. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:658-70. [PMID: 25389290 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.601716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
All prokaryotic genes encoding putative serpins identified to date are found in environmental and commensal microorganisms, and only very few prokaryotic serpins have been investigated from a mechanistic standpoint. Herein, we characterized a novel serpin (miropin) from the human pathogen Tannerella forsythia, a bacterium implicated in initiation and progression of human periodontitis. In contrast to other serpins, miropin efficiently inhibited a broad range of proteases (neutrophil and pancreatic elastases, cathepsin G, subtilisin, and trypsin) with a stoichiometry of inhibition of around 3 and second-order association rate constants that ranged from 2.7 × 10(4) (cathepsin G) to 7.1 × 10(5) m(-1)s(-1) (subtilisin). Inhibition was associated with the formation of complexes that were stable during SDS-PAGE. The unusually broad specificity of miropin for target proteases is achieved through different active sites within the reactive center loop upstream of the P1-P1' site, which was predicted from an alignment of the primary structure of miropin with those of well studied human and prokaryotic serpins. Thus, miropin is unique among inhibitory serpins, and it has apparently evolved the ability to inhibit a multitude of proteases at the expense of a high stoichiometry of inhibition and a low association rate constant. These characteristics suggest that miropin arose as an adaptation to the highly proteolytic environment of subgingival plaque, which is exposed continually to an array of host proteases in the inflammatory exudate. In such an environment, miropin may function as an important virulence factor by protecting bacterium from the destructive activity of neutrophil serine proteases. Alternatively, it may act as a housekeeping protein that regulates the activity of endogenous T. forsythia serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslaw Ksiazek
- From the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland,
| | - Danuta Mizgalska
- From the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN) and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) at the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark, and
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN) and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) at the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark, and
| | - Ida B Thogersen
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN) and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) at the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark, and
| | - Jan Potempa
- From the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland, Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
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