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Mello I, Alvarenga de Oliveira C, Sobral G. Temporal variation and age influence activity budget more than sex and reproductive status in wild brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) inhabiting a large, continuous forest. Primates 2024; 65:411-419. [PMID: 39068634 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-024-01146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Activity budget analyses are important for understanding how animals spend their time in daily activities like resting, foraging, moving and socializing. These behaviors are closely linked to energy management, so habitat quality and resource availability are known to influence the activity budgets of species. Therefore, many studies have examined the consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation on the energetic demands and activity budgets of species. However, we still have limited knowledge of how animals behave in large, continuous, and protected environments, as such habitats are currently rare. The present study analyzed how temporal variation, age, sex and reproductive status influenced the activity budget of wild red howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans), in one of the last Atlantic Forest remnants that remains large and protected. Between November 2017 and December 2018, we monitored two groups, G3 and G4, in Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, São Paulo, Brazil. The groups were composed of one adult male, two adult females and their offspring and one (G3) or two (G4) subadult males, using scan sampling for behavioral for data collection every 20 min. The most common behavior was resting, followed by foraging, moving and social interactions, with inter-group differences. Temporal variation explained most of the fluctuations in the activity budget, so did age and sex, but to a lesser degree. The reproductive status of females did not alter their activity budget. These findings reveal that even neighboring groups display distinct and intricate relationships with their habitat. Future studies should be conducted in continuous forests to determine what is the expected range of variation in activity budget, particularly in those species considered as flexible and inhabiting endangered habitats, such as the Atlantic Forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Mello
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Gisela Sobral
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil.
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Wang Q, Yang B, Zhu R, Wang X, Li S, Zhang L. Unveiling the Biodiversity and Conservation Significance of Medog: A Camera-Trapping Survey on Mammals in the Southeastern Tibetan Mountains. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2188. [PMID: 39123714 PMCID: PMC11311013 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Medog in southeastern Tibet is home to a diverse range of wild animals. However, research on these mammals' species directories, distribution, and conservation status remains insufficient, despite their crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. The study carried out a camera-trapping survey to assess mammal biodiversity and the significance of mammal protection in their natural habitats in Gedang, Medog. Future directions and application prospects of the study for wildlife conservation in the southeastern Tibetan mountains were also discussed. The survey, spanning from April 2023 to May 2024, with 19,754 camera trap days, revealed 25 mammalian species across five orders and 14 families. Among these, four classified as Endangered, five as Vulnerable, two as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List, nine were categorized as Critically Endangered or Endangered on the Red List of China's Vertebrates, and seven were China's national first-class key protected wildlife. The order Carnivora exhibited the highest diversity, comprising 12 species. Furthermore, the study filled the knowledge gap regarding the underrepresentation of Gongshan muntjac Muntiacus gongshanensis in IUCN and provided new insights into the recorded coexistence of the Himalayan red panda Ailurus fulgens and Chinese red panda Ailurus styani along the Yarlung Zangbo River for the first time, and also documented new upper elevation limits for four large to medium-sized species. Regarding the relative abundance indices (RAI) captured by camera traps, the most prevalent species identified was the White-cheeked macaque Macaca leucogenys, followed by the Gongshan muntjac and Himalayan serow Capricornis thar. The monitoring also captured a number of domestic dogs and livestock, as well as human disturbances. These findings underscore the importance of conserving these mammals and emphasize the need for conservation efforts to protect their habitats and reduce human activities that threaten their survival, thereby maintaining the ecological balance of the region. Additionally, the research highlighted Gedang's significance to global conservation efforts for mammalian diversity, providing essential data for effective wildlife conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Q.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Biao Yang
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637001, China
- Society of Entrepreneurs and Ecology (SEE) Foundation, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ruifeng Zhu
- Sichuan Zoological Society, Chengdu 610065, China; (R.Z.); (X.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Xin Wang
- Sichuan Zoological Society, Chengdu 610065, China; (R.Z.); (X.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Shilin Li
- Sichuan Zoological Society, Chengdu 610065, China; (R.Z.); (X.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Q.W.); (L.Z.)
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3
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Yao YG, Lu L, Ni RJ, Bi R, Chen C, Chen JQ, Fuchs E, Gorbatyuk M, Lei H, Li H, Liu C, Lv LB, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Kohara M, Perez-Cruz C, Rainer G, Shan BC, Shen F, Tang AZ, Wang J, Xia W, Xia X, Xu L, Yu D, Zhang F, Zheng P, Zheng YT, Zhou J, Zhou JN. Study of tree shrew biology and models: A booming and prosperous field for biomedical research. Zool Res 2024; 45:877-909. [PMID: 39004865 PMCID: PMC11298672 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The tree shrew ( Tupaia belangeri) has long been proposed as a suitable alternative to non-human primates (NHPs) in biomedical and laboratory research due to its close evolutionary relationship with primates. In recent years, significant advances have facilitated tree shrew studies, including the determination of the tree shrew genome, genetic manipulation using spermatogonial stem cells, viral vector-mediated gene delivery, and mapping of the tree shrew brain atlas. However, the limited availability of tree shrews globally remains a substantial challenge in the field. Additionally, determining the key questions best answered using tree shrews constitutes another difficulty. Tree shrew models have historically been used to study hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, myopia, and psychosocial stress-induced depression, with more recent studies focusing on developing animal models for infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite these efforts, the impact of tree shrew models has not yet matched that of rodent or NHP models in biomedical research. This review summarizes the prominent advancements in tree shrew research and reflects on the key biological questions addressed using this model. We emphasize that intensive dedication and robust international collaboration are essential for achieving breakthroughs in tree shrew studies. The use of tree shrews as a unique resource is expected to gain considerable attention with the application of advanced techniques and the development of viable animal models, meeting the increasing demands of life science and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China. E-mail:
| | - Li Lu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Rong-Jun Ni
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, China
| | - Rui Bi
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Jia-Qi Chen
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Eberhard Fuchs
- German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute of Primate Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Marina Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Soong Ching Ling Institute of Maternity and Child Health, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Long-Bao Lv
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | | | - Gregor Rainer
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Bao-Ci Shan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - An-Zhou Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Soong Ching Ling Institute of Maternity and Child Health, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Jumin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Institute of Brain Science, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
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Dotras L, Barciela A, Llana M, Galbany J, Hernandez-Aguilar RA. Savanna chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) crop feeding at Dindefelo, Senegal: challenges and implications for conservation. Primates 2024; 65:209-215. [PMID: 38687456 PMCID: PMC11219457 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-024-01125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are categorized as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and habitat loss due to conversion of land for agriculture is one of the major threats to wild populations of this species. This challenging scenario can lead to negative human-chimpanzee interactions, including crop feeding. Chimpanzees consume crops across their geographical range, although little is known about this behavior in savanna habitats. Here we provide new evidence of crop feeding by savanna chimpanzees. We conducted our observations at Dindefelo, a community nature reserve in southeastern Senegal. The chimpanzees were observed to feed on mango (Mangifera indica) and also on baobab (Adansonia digitata), a wild species considered a crop by local people when found in and around villages. Although local people use the fruits of these species for food and income, they tolerated crop-feeding events until recently. In 2023, a case of harassment of a crop-feeding chimpanzee in a mango orchard was witnessed, and four days later a chimpanzee corpse was found at the same place. We conclude that habitat conversion into agricultural fields, uncontrolled bush fires and extraction of wild fruits are the important factors influencing crop-feeding events at Dindefelo. Our findings highlight the need to better understand human-chimpanzee interactions in the anthropogenic landscape of Dindefelo to help mitigate negative attitudes and behaviors towards chimpanzees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Dotras
- Jane Goodall Institute Spain in Senegal, Dindefelo Biological Station, Dindefelo, Senegal.
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Amanda Barciela
- Jane Goodall Institute Spain in Senegal, Dindefelo Biological Station, Dindefelo, Senegal
| | - Manuel Llana
- Jane Goodall Institute Spain in Senegal, Dindefelo Biological Station, Dindefelo, Senegal
| | - Jordi Galbany
- Jane Goodall Institute Spain in Senegal, Dindefelo Biological Station, Dindefelo, Senegal
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Adriana Hernandez-Aguilar
- Jane Goodall Institute Spain in Senegal, Dindefelo Biological Station, Dindefelo, Senegal
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Serra Hunter Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Gonçalves GHP, Leal DAG, Roratto PA, de Souza Junior JC, Souza SS, Peruchi AR, Nunes AJD, da Silva Filho HH, Hirano ZMB, Giongo A, Greinert-Goulart JA. Diversity of gastrointestinal parasites and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis in free-living and captive howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in southern Brazil. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 52:101048. [PMID: 38880578 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are the group that most share infectious agents with humans due to their close taxonomic relationship. The southern brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) are endemic primates from Brazil and Argentina's Atlantic Forest. This study aimed to investigate the presence of intestinal parasites in free-living (FL) and captive (CA) southern brown howler monkeys. Thirty-nine stool samples were collected in two areas in southern Brazil, 15 FL and 24 CA. Stool sediments obtained by centrifugal sedimentation technique were used for microscopic analysis and direct immunofluorescence assay and evaluated by molecular analysis through amplification and sequencing of TPI fragments. Intestinal parasites Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and Trypanoxyuris minutus were detected at coproparasitological analysis. This is the first report of the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in free-living howlers. The molecular characterization of G. duodenalis isolates indicated assemblage B for the first time found in free-living A. guariba clamitans. The high prevalence of G. duodenalis transmission in CA howler monkeys can be explained by direct contact with humans and frequent soil contact. The presence of a potentially zoonotic assemblage in these animals indicates that the process of fragmentation and cohabitation with humans and livestock affects the wildlife, thus indicating a need for eco-health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Henrique Pereira Gonçalves
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil; Department of Natural Sciences, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Suzana Santos Souza
- Department of Natural Sciences, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Hercílio Higino da Silva Filho
- Department of Natural Sciences, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil; Howler Project, Indaial Biological Research Center, Indaial, SC, Brazil.
| | - Zelinda Maria Braga Hirano
- Department of Natural Sciences, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil; Howler Project, Indaial Biological Research Center, Indaial, SC, Brazil
| | - Adriana Giongo
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Juliane Araújo Greinert-Goulart
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Lai Y, Chen Y, Zhang K, Huang Z. Diets of white-headed langurs ( Trachypithecus leucocephalus) inhabiting limestone forests: The effects of habitat fragmentation and implication for conservation. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11716. [PMID: 38988345 PMCID: PMC11233262 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Information about wildlife diets is crucial for comprehending how species adapt to varying environments in fragmented habitats and for developing effective conservation strategies. White-headed langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) are exclusively found in fragmented limestone forests in southwestern China. To investigate the effects of habitat fragmentation on langurs' diets, we collected published dietary data and relevant environmental factors spanning from 1996 to 2021 at two regions with different degrees of fragmentation (Banli > Bapen), from 10 studies (three of Banli and seven of Bapen). The results demonstrated that the diets of white-headed langurs were significantly influenced by environmental factors, including habitat fragmentation, annual rainfall, and mean annual temperature. Food item diversity index was significantly and positively affected by the fragmentation index, the higher fragmentation the langurs suffered, the more diverse food items they consumed. Besides, fruit consumption was negatively influenced by annual rainfall and the consumption of other items was influenced by mean annual temperature. Notably, although there are no significant differences in the feeding proportions of food items or food item diversity indices were observed between the Banli and Bapen groups, the Banli groups extensively consumed ground-supported kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata), a plant rarely recorded in the dietary preferences of the Bapen groups, implying that the large plants likely lacking in the fragmented limestone forests. Our findings provide evidence of the major impact of habitat fragmentation on the dietary composition of white-headed langurs, highlighting the need of considering the possibility that the habitats of the white-headed langurs have all undergone extreme fragmentation, inferring the conservation efforts should prioritize protecting native vegetation and reducing human disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lai
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education Guilin China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology Guangxi Normal University Guilin China
- The Chongzuo White-Headed Langur Field Observation and Research Station of Guangxi Chongzuo China
| | - Yanqiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education Guilin China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology Guangxi Normal University Guilin China
- The Chongzuo White-Headed Langur Field Observation and Research Station of Guangxi Chongzuo China
| | - Kechu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Biodiversity Conservation, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Yulin Normal University Yulin China
| | - Zhonghao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education Guilin China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology Guangxi Normal University Guilin China
- The Chongzuo White-Headed Langur Field Observation and Research Station of Guangxi Chongzuo China
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Biodiversity Conservation, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Yulin Normal University Yulin China
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Mitani JC, Angedakin S, Kasozi H, Rowney C, Sarringhaus L, Tibisimwa J, Watts DP, Langergraber KE. Removing snares is an effective conservation intervention: a case study involving chimpanzees. Primates 2024; 65:257-263. [PMID: 38787490 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-024-01139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are caught in snares set for other animals and sometimes injure or lose body parts. Snaring can compromise the health, growth, survival, and behavior of chimpanzees and, thus, represents a threat for the conservation of this endangered species. During a long-term study of chimpanzees at Ngogo in Kibale National Park, Uganda, we started a project to remove snares in and around their territory. We compared the number of times chimpanzees were snared during the 12.75 years after the start of this project with the number of times individuals were snared during the previous 14 years. Only one chimpanzee was snared after we began removing snares compared with 12 individuals caught during the period before. This represents a clear reduction in the risk created by snaring at this site and suggests that removing snares can be employed to protect chimpanzees.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Mitani
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Ngogo Chimpanzee Project, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Samuel Angedakin
- Ngogo Chimpanzee Project, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Environmental Management, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Herbert Kasozi
- Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - David P Watts
- Ngogo Chimpanzee Project, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin E Langergraber
- Ngogo Chimpanzee Project, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Dobson K, Gerstner K, Oktaviani R, Shaffer C, Pruetz J. Working and impacting local communities as establishing the start of a conservation initiative: American Society of Primatology conservation committee webinar. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23628. [PMID: 38605487 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Nonhuman primate species currently face human-induced pressures and will continue to face them in the modern landscape. These pressures require conservation projects in primate habitat countries to aid in protection, preservation, and conservation. Though there are several examples of primate conservation projects, starting up an initiative can be a daunting task. The American Society of Primatology (ASP) Conservation Committee hosted a video webinar presenting on the first steps of developing, running and continuing a primate conservation program. Dr. Christopher Shaffer, Rahayu Oktaviani, and Dr. Jill Pruetz presented their early program experiences establishing wild primate conservation projects to educate primatologists around the world. The running themes of the presentations included establishing community, working locally, impacting locally and preparing for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaelyn Dobson
- Department of Anthropology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Katie Gerstner
- Department of Anthropology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Rahayu Oktaviani
- Yayasan Konservasi Ekosistem Alam Nusantara (KIARA), Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Jill Pruetz
- Department of Anthropology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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Patouillat L, Hambuckers A, Adi Subrata S, Garigliany M, Brotcorne F. Zoonotic pathogens in wild Asian primates: a systematic review highlighting research gaps. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1386180. [PMID: 38993279 PMCID: PMC11238137 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1386180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ongoing global changes, including natural land conversion for agriculture and urbanization, modify the dynamics of human-primate contacts, resulting in increased zoonotic risks. Although Asia shelters high primate diversity and experiences rapid expansion of human-primate contact zones, there remains little documentation regarding zoonotic surveillance in the primates of this region. Methods Using the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review to compile an inventory of zoonotic pathogens detected in wild Asian primates, while highlighting the coverage of primate species, countries, and pathogen groups surveyed, as well as the diagnostic methods used across the studies. Moreover, we compared the species richness of pathogens harbored by primates across diverse types of habitats classified according to their degree of anthropization (i.e., urban vs. rural vs. forest habitats). Results and discussion Searches of Scopus, PubMed, and the Global Mammal Parasite Database yielded 152 articles on 39 primate species. We inventoried 183 pathogens, including 63 helminthic gastrointestinal parasites, two blood-borne parasites, 42 protozoa, 45 viruses, 30 bacteria, and one fungus. Considering each study as a sample, species accumulation curves revealed no significant differences in specific richness between habitat types for any of the pathogen groups analyzed. This is likely due to the insufficient sampling effort (i.e., a limited number of studies), which prevents drawing conclusive findings. This systematic review identified several publication biases, particularly the uneven representation of host species and pathogen groups studied, as well as a lack of use of generic diagnostic methods. Addressing these gaps necessitates a multidisciplinary strategy framed in a One Health approach, which may facilitate a broader inventory of pathogens and ultimately limit the risk of cross-species transmission at the human-primate interface. Strengthening the zoonotic surveillance in primates of this region could be realized notably through the application of more comprehensive diagnostic techniques such as broad-spectrum analyses without a priori selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Patouillat
- SPHERES, Primatology and Tropical Ecology Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- FARAH, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Hambuckers
- SPHERES, Primatology and Tropical Ecology Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sena Adi Subrata
- Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mutien Garigliany
- FARAH, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fany Brotcorne
- SPHERES, Primatology and Tropical Ecology Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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10
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Wang Z, Chen T, Yang L, Chapman CA, Fan P. Effects of protected area coverage and research on conservation status of primates globally. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024:e14311. [PMID: 38853694 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Conducting conservation research and establishing protected areas (PAs) based on research results are critical to biodiversity conservation. However, the effect of research and PAs on conservation of threatened species has rarely been evaluated simultaneously. We collected data on PAs from 2000 for 2021 and determined the number of publications on global primates (published from 1950 to 2021) to assess the effect of PAs, research, and biological and socioeconomic factors on the current International Union for Conservation of Nature endangered status and change in status. We used the MCMCglmm package to conduct a phylogenetic comparative analysis to control the phylogenetic relationship of primate species. The status of 24.6% (82 of 333) of species assessed at least twice declined. Only the black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) had an improved status. Species with status declines mostly occurred on the south coast of West Africa and in Madagascar. PAs covered 22.1% of each species' range. Forest loss in PAs (5.5%) was significantly lower than forest loss within 5 km outside PAs (13.8%), suggesting PAs effectively mitigated forest loss. Both the median number of total publications and conservation publications on critically endangered species were higher than those of other categories. Models showed that PA coverage and number of publications or conservation-focused publications were not related to current status or change in status over time. A decline in status was not related to creation of PAs or increase of research since the last assessment. Our results suggest that current PAs and research are not reversing the extinction crisis of global primates. Doing more conservation-oriented research, strengthening management of current PAs, and expanding PAs will be needed to protect primates globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhining Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Colin A Chapman
- Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Biology Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Nautiyal H, Mathur V, Gajare KH, Teichroeb J, Sarkar D, Diogo R. Predatory Dogs as Drivers of Social Behavior Changes in the Central Himalayan Langur ( Semnopithecus schistaceus) in Agro-Forest Landscapes. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:410. [PMID: 38927290 PMCID: PMC11200765 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Globally, habitat fragmentation has increased the proximity between wildlife, humans, and emerging predators such as free-ranging dogs. In these fragmented landscapes, encounters between primates and dogs are escalating, with primates often falling victim to dog attacks while navigating patchy landscapes and fragmented forests. We aim to investigate how these primates deal with the simultaneous threats posed by humans and predators, specifically focusing on the adaptive strategies of Central Himalayan langur (CHL) in the landscape of fear. To address this, we conducted a behavioral study on the CHL in an agro-forest landscape, studying them for a total of 3912 h over two consecutive years. Our results indicate that, compared to their most common resting behavior, CHLs allocate more time to feeding and locomotion, and less time to socializing in the presence of humans and predatory dogs. Additionally, they exhibit increased feeding and locomotion and reduced social behavior in agro-forest or open habitats. These behavioral patterns reflect adaptive responses to the landscape of fear, where the presence of predators significantly influences their behavior and resource utilization. This study suggests measures to promote coexistence between humans and wildlife through the integration of effective management strategies that incorporate both ecological and social dimensions of human-wildlife interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Nautiyal
- College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W St, NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
| | - Virendra Mathur
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Scarborough 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; (V.M.); (J.T.)
| | - Kimaya Hemant Gajare
- Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan’s, Bhavan’s College, University of Mumbai, Andheri (w), Mumbai 400 058, India;
| | - Julie Teichroeb
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Scarborough 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; (V.M.); (J.T.)
| | - Dipto Sarkar
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
| | - Rui Diogo
- College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W St, NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
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12
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Hameed S, Bashir T, Ali MN, Khanyari M, Kumar A. Population assessment of the Endangered Kashmir Gray Langur (Semnopithecus ajax, Pocock 1928) using the double-observer method. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23618. [PMID: 38482954 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Primates are among the most threatened taxa globally, therefore, there is a need to estimate and monitor their populations. Kashmir Gray Langur Semnopithecus ajax is an endangered species for which there is no population estimate. We used double-observer method to estimate its population size in the Kashmir region of North-Western Himalaya. We walked 1284 km across 31 survey blocks spanning all three divisions of Kashmir viz., North, Central, and South Kashmir, covering an area of 411 km2. We counted a minimum of 1367 individual langurs from 27 groups. The detection probability for observer 1 (0.719) and observer 2 (0.656) resulted in a population estimate of 1496 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1367-1899) across 30 groups (with a mean group size of 51), giving a density estimate of 3.64 (3.33-4.62) langurs/km². We found double-observer surveys to be suitable for the population estimation of langurs, and we make recommendations on how to effectively conduct primate surveys, especially in mountainous ecosystems. Our records extend the species distribution range beyond stated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Our findings also highlight that the Kashmir Himalaya is a stronghold of the species, where conservation efforts should focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Hameed
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Tawqir Bashir
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mohammad N Ali
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Ajith Kumar
- Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bangalore, India
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13
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Thompson CL, Hermann EA. Behavioral thermoregulation in primates: A review of literature and future avenues. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23614. [PMID: 38433290 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Primates face severe challenges from climate change, with warming expected to increase animals' thermoregulatory demands. Primates have limited long-term options to cope with climate change, but possess a remarkable capacity for behavioral plasticity. This creates an urgency to better understand the behavioral mechanisms primates use to thermoregulate. While considerable information exists on primate behavioral thermoregulation, it is often scattered in the literature in a manner that is difficult to integrate. This review evaluates the status of the available literature on primate behavioral thermoregulation to facilitate future research. We surveyed peer-reviewed publications on primate thermoregulation for N = 17 behaviors across four thermoregulatory categories: activity budgeting, microhabitat use, body positioning, and evaporative cooling. We recorded data on the primate taxa evaluated, support for a thermoregulatory function, thermal variable assessed, and naturalistic/manipulative study conditions. Behavioral thermoregulation was pervasive across primates, with N = 721 cases of thermoregulatory behaviors identified across N = 284 published studies. Most genera were known to utilize multiple behaviors (x ¯ = 4.5 ± 3.1 behaviors/genera). Activity budgeting behaviors were the most commonly encountered category in the literature (54.5% of cases), while evaporative cooling behaviors were the least represented (6.9% of cases). Behavioral thermoregulation studies were underrepresented for certain taxonomic groups, including lemurs, lorises, galagos, and Central/South American primates, and there were large within-taxa disparities in representation of genera. Support for a thermoregulatory function was consistently high across all behaviors, spanning both hot- and cold-avoidance strategies. This review reveals asymmetries in the current literature and avenues for future research. Increased knowledge of the impact thermoregulatory behaviors have on biologically relevant outcomes is needed to better assess primate responses to warming environments and develop early indicators of thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, USA
| | - Emily A Hermann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, USA
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14
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Potel H, Niatou Singa FS, Cipolletta C, Neba Fuh T, Bardino G, Konyal E, Strampelli P, Henschel P, Masi S. Lethal combats in the forest among wild western gorillas. iScience 2024; 27:109437. [PMID: 38523787 PMCID: PMC10960106 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lethal intergroup encounters occur in many species because of sexual selection. While documented in mountain gorillas, they are absent in western gorillas as, instead, it is predicted by their higher feeding (frugivory) and mate competition (single-vs. multi-male groups). We investigate whether the injuries on three dead silverbacks and one adult female from four groups of western gorillas in the Central African Republic, resulted from interactions with gorillas or leopards. We identified two distinct injury patterns caused by gorillas (isolated lacerations, round wounds) and leopards (punctures clustered on head/neck) by analyzing injuries caused by mountain gorillas and leopards to gorillas and non-gorilla species, respectively. The western gorilla injury pattern is similar to that of mountain gorillas suggesting that lethal encounters occur, albeit infrequently, as predicted by sexual selection in a one-male society. While sexual dimorphism and polygynous sociality favored the evolution of violent encounters, multiple males in groups may influence their frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Potel
- Ecoanthropologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Musée de l’Homme, Paris, France
| | | | - Chloé Cipolletta
- Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, World Wide Fund for Nature, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Terence Neba Fuh
- Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, World Wide Fund for Nature, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Giulia Bardino
- Ecoanthropologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Musée de l’Homme, Paris, France
- “La Sapienza” University, Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Konyal
- Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, World Wide Fund for Nature, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | | | | | - Shelly Masi
- Ecoanthropologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Musée de l’Homme, Paris, France
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15
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Junker J, Quoss L, Valdez J, Arandjelovic M, Barrie A, Campbell G, Heinicke S, Humle T, Kouakou CY, Kühl HS, Ordaz-Németh I, Pereira HM, Rainer H, Refisch J, Sonter L, Sop T. Threat of mining to African great apes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl0335. [PMID: 38569032 PMCID: PMC10990274 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The rapid growth of clean energy technologies is driving a rising demand for critical minerals. In 2022 at the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15), seven major economies formed an alliance to enhance the sustainability of mining these essential decarbonization minerals. However, there is a scarcity of studies assessing the threat of mining to global biodiversity. By integrating a global mining dataset with great ape density distribution, we estimated the number of African great apes that spatially coincided with industrial mining projects. We show that up to one-third of Africa's great ape population faces mining-related risks. In West Africa in particular, numerous mining areas overlap with fragmented ape habitats, often in high-density ape regions. For 97% of mining areas, no ape survey data are available, underscoring the importance of increased accessibility to environmental data within the mining sector to facilitate research into the complex interactions between mining, climate, biodiversity, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Junker
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Re:wild, 500 N Capital of Texas Hwy Building 1, Suite 200, Austin, TX 78746, USA
| | - Luise Quoss
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jose Valdez
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mimi Arandjelovic
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primate Behavior and Evolution, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Abdulai Barrie
- Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, 55 Wilkinson Road, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Geneviève Campbell
- Re:wild, 500 N Capital of Texas Hwy Building 1, Suite 200, Austin, TX 78746, USA
| | - Stefanie Heinicke
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tatyana Humle
- Re:wild, 500 N Capital of Texas Hwy Building 1, Suite 200, Austin, TX 78746, USA
- Durrell of Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Célestin Y. Kouakou
- Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques (CSRS), 17 Rte de Dabou, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Hjalmar S. Kühl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Am Museum 1, 02826 Görlitz, Germany
- International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, 02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Isabel Ordaz-Németh
- Re:wild, 500 N Capital of Texas Hwy Building 1, Suite 200, Austin, TX 78746, USA
- Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Am Museum 1, 02826 Görlitz, Germany
| | - Henrique M. Pereira
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Helga Rainer
- Independent consultant, PO Box 4107, 759125 Kampala, Uganda
| | - Johannes Refisch
- Great Apes Survival Partnership, United Nations Environment Programme, P.O. Box 30552, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Laura Sonter
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Tenekwetche Sop
- Re:wild, 500 N Capital of Texas Hwy Building 1, Suite 200, Austin, TX 78746, USA
- Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Am Museum 1, 02826 Görlitz, Germany
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16
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Teixeira JVDS, Bonfim FCG, Vancine MH, Ribeiro MC, Oliveira LDC. Effect of landscape attributes on the occurrence of the endangered golden-headed lion tamarin in southern Bahia, Brazil. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23588. [PMID: 38143424 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) is an endangered primate that occurs exclusively in the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil. Its geographic range has been severely reduced by deforestation and its populations are restricted to a human-modified landscape consisting primarily of Atlantic forest fragments and shade cacao (Theobroma cacao) agroforestry, locally known as cabrucas. In the last 30 years, there has been a 42% reduction in the geographic range and a 60% reduction in the population size of L. chrysomelas, with only 8% of its habitat represented by protected areas. Thus, we investigated the occurrence of L. chrysomelas in forest fragments and cabrucas based on interviews and using playback census, and evaluated the influence of landscape attributes on its occurrence. The occurrence was measured using a Generalized Linear Model using a set of 12 predictor variables, including fragment size and elevation. L. chrysomelas inhabited 186 (38%) of the 495 forest fragments and cabrucas. Most inhabited habitat patches (n = 169, 91%) are in the eastern portion (ca. 70 km wide region from the Atlantic coast to inland) of its geographic range. The remaining (n = 17, 9%) are in the western portion of the distribution, between 70 and 150 km from the Atlantic coast. Our models indicate a higher occurrence of L. chrysomelas in the eastern portion of its geographic range, where the landscape exhibits lower land cover diversity, greater functional connectivity, lower altitudes (<400 m), and is primarily composed of forest fragments and cabrucas with a higher core percentage. In contrast, we observed a lower occurrence of L. chrysomelas in the western portion, where the landscape is more diverse and heterogeneous due to anthropogenic activities, such as agriculture and livestock. We urge the establishment of ecological corridors via reforestation of degraded areas in the western portion of the range. This increase in habitat availability and suitability in the west together with the protection of the forests and cabrucas in the east would increase our chances of saving L. chrysomelas from extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanison Vicente Dos Santos Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil
- Laboratório de Etnoconservação e Áreas Protegidas, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil
- Almada Mata Atlântica Project, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil
- Pós-doutorando no Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Fernando César Gonçalves Bonfim
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Maurício Humberto Vancine
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Milton C Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Leonardo de C Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Bicho do Mato Instituto de Pesquisa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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17
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Mason B, Cervena B, Frias L, Goossens B, Hasegawa H, Keuk K, Langgeng A, Majewski K, Matsumoto T, Matsuura K, Mendonça R, Okamoto M, Peter S, Petrzelkova KJ, Sipangkui S, Xu Z, Pafco B, MacIntosh AJ. Novel insight into the genetic diversity of strongylid nematodes infecting South-East and East Asian primates. Parasitology 2024; 151:514-522. [PMID: 38629119 PMCID: PMC11106507 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182024000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
With many non-human primates (NHPs) showing continued population decline, there is an ongoing need to better understand their ecology and conservation threats. One such threat is the risk of disease, with various bacterial, viral and parasitic infections previously reported to have damaging consequences for NHP hosts. Strongylid nematodes are one of the most commonly reported parasitic infections in NHPs. Current knowledge of NHP strongylid infections is restricted by their typical occurrence as mixed infections of multiple genera, which are indistinguishable through traditional microscopic approaches. Here, modern metagenomics approaches were applied for insight into the genetic diversity of strongylid infections in South-East and East Asian NHPs. We hypothesized that strongylid nematodes occur in mixed communities of multiple taxa, dominated by Oesophagostomum, matching previous findings using single-specimen genetics. Utilizing the Illumina MiSeq platform, ITS-2 strongylid metabarcoding was applied to 90 samples from various wild NHPs occurring in Malaysian Borneo and Japan. A clear dominance of Oesophagostomum aculeatum was found, with almost all sequences assigned to this species. This study suggests that strongylid communities of Asian NHPs may be less species-rich than those in African NHPs, where multi-genera communities are reported. Such knowledge contributes baseline data, assisting with ongoing monitoring of health threats to NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Mason
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Cervena
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Liesbeth Frias
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Benoit Goossens
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hideo Hasegawa
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kenneth Keuk
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Inuyama Campus, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Abdullah Langgeng
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Inuyama Campus, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Kasia Majewski
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Inuyama Campus, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsuura
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Renata Mendonça
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Centre for Functional Ecology – Science for People & the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Munehiro Okamoto
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior (EHUB), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Steve Peter
- Kulliyah of Science, Department of Biotechnology, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Klara J. Petrzelkova
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Liberec Zoo, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | | | - Zhihong Xu
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Inuyama Campus, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Barbora Pafco
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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Dai Y, Xia W, Zhu Y, Hacker C, Wang X, Li D. Historical changes in the distribution of the Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey ( Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Sichuan Province, China. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11270. [PMID: 38633522 PMCID: PMC11021920 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is a rare and endangered primate species endemic to China. Conducting research on the population distribution changes of the Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey holds paramount importance for its conservation. Our study represented a comprehensive investigation into the population distribution of the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey by integrating data acquired from field surveys, protected areas, and historical records and using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to explore changes in distribution across various time periods, including the historical (the Mid-to-Late Pleistocene), recent (1980-2000), and current (2001-2023). The research findings demonstrate a significant shift in the distribution range of the Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey compared to historical time frames. Notably, between 1980 and 2000, there was a sharp decline in distribution area. Analyses revealed that the southernmost distribution county for the Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey in Sichuan Province has shifted northward from Huili to Kangding. Furthermore, distribution changes in Sichuan Province are not solely characterized by a reduction in habitat area but also by a decrease in vertical distribution zones. Regions in the northeastern part of Sichuan with elevations below 1000 m, such as Guang'an City, Bazhong City, Dazhou City, and Nanchong City, no longer support the presence of the Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey. At present, the distribution range is confined to elevations between 1000 and 4000 m in the two major mountain ranges of Qionglai and Minshan. A holistic approach is required to safeguard this species. The establishment of movement corridors can play a critical role in enhancing the overall connectivity of current distribution areas. Additionally, we propose implementing a hierarchical approach to protect current habitats. Spatially differentiated conservation measures should be implemented to prioritize the protection of key habitats while simultaneously monitoring anthropogenic activities in non-key habitats to prevent further fragmentation and isolation of the monkey's distribution areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchuan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education)China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuan ProvinceChina
- Institute for Ecology and Environmental ResourcesChongqing Academy of Social SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Wancai Xia
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education)China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuan ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology of Rhinopithecus roxellana at China West Normal University of Sichuan ProvinceNanchongSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Yujing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education)China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuan ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology of Rhinopithecus roxellana at China West Normal University of Sichuan ProvinceNanchongSichuan ProvinceChina
| | | | - Xueyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education)China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuan ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology of Rhinopithecus roxellana at China West Normal University of Sichuan ProvinceNanchongSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Dayong Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education)China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuan ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology of Rhinopithecus roxellana at China West Normal University of Sichuan ProvinceNanchongSichuan ProvinceChina
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19
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Bataillard L, Eriksen A, de Melo FR, Milagres AP, Devineau O, Vital OV. Using ecological niche modelling to prioritise areas for conservation of the critically endangered Buffy-Headed marmoset ( Callithrix flaviceps). Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11203. [PMID: 38584769 PMCID: PMC10995821 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Endemic to the Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil, the critically endangered Buffy-Headed marmoset (Callithrix flaviceps) is lacking the required attention for effective conservation. We modelled its ecological niche with the main objectives of (1) defining suitable habitat and (2) prioritising areas for conservation and/or restoration. The current geographical range of Callithrix flaviceps in the Atlantic Forest of Southeast Brazil. We used Ensemble Species Distribution Modelling to define current habitat suitability considering four climate and two landscape variables. To identify areas to prioritise for conservation and/or restoration, we predicted future habitat suitability considering the intermediate (RCP4.5) and extreme (RCP8.5) climate change scenarios for the years 2050 and 2070. Among the variables included to predict current species distribution, tree canopy cover, precipitation seasonality and temperature seasonality were the most important whereas digital elevation model and precipitation during the wettest month were the least important. Callithrix flaviceps was most likely to occur in areas with tree canopy cover >80%, high precipitation seasonality and temperature seasonality between 21 and 23°C. From the future suitability prediction maps, the Caparaó National Park stands out as a likely key area for the preservation of the species. Furthermore, high climatic suitability but low landscape suitability suggests that habitat restoration in 'Serra das Torres' (South of the current distribution area) might be a useful strategy. However, creating ecological corridors on the west side of Caparaó would be necessary to improve connectivity. More surveys within and beyond the current geographical range are required to define more precisely the distribution of the species. Our results support the notion that seasonality is important for Callithrix flaviceps and that as a montane species, it prefers colder environments and higher altitudes. Within both climate change scenarios, Caparaó National Park was predicted to be highly suitable, with a high probability of presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Bataillard
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife ManagementInland Norway University of Applied SciencesKoppangNorway
| | - Ane Eriksen
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife ManagementInland Norway University of Applied SciencesKoppangNorway
| | - Fabiano R. de Melo
- Department of Forestry EngineeringFederal University of ViçosaViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | | | - Olivier Devineau
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife ManagementInland Norway University of Applied SciencesKoppangNorway
| | - Orlando Vítor Vital
- Department of Forestry EngineeringFederal University of ViçosaViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
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20
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Yao W, Huang C, Zhao J, Huang R, Li W, Fan P, Zhou Q. Feeding adaptation of François' langurs ( Trachypithecus francoisi) to the fragmented limestone habitats in Southwest China. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11269. [PMID: 38654711 PMCID: PMC11035973 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Limestone forests are an unusual habitat for primates, especially fragmented limestone habitats. However, while some research has been conducted on François' langurs (Trachypithecus francois) in these habitats, there is still a need to improve the understanding of their behavioral adaptations to the fragmented limestone habitat. We collected data on the diet of François' langurs in a fragmented limestone habitat in Encheng National Nature Reserve, southwestern Guangxi, China using instantaneous scanning sampling, and their feeding adaptations to the fragmented forest were examined. The results indicated that a total of 101 species of plants were consumed by the langurs. They also fed on two non-plant components, including cliff minerals and at least one species of insect. The langurs ate a higher number of food species in Encheng when compared with the other geographic populations, and they maintained a high level of food diversity and ate more vines. Moreover, they were highly selective in their use of vegetation in their home range, and fewer plants provided a high-quality food source. During the season when food resources were scarce, the consumption of fruits and young leaves decreased as their availability decreased. This led to the use of other food components, such as mature leaves and seeds. The findings support that François' langurs adjust their feeding behavior to cope with seasonal and micro-variations in their dietary requirements and to adapt to their particular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, The Chongzuo White‐Headed Langur Field Observation and Research Station of GuangxiGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Cheng‐Ming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, The Chongzuo White‐Headed Langur Field Observation and Research Station of GuangxiGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilinChina
- Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Rong Huang
- Encheng National Nature ReserveChongzuoChina
| | - Wen‐Hua Li
- Encheng National Nature ReserveChongzuoChina
| | - Peng‐Lai Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, The Chongzuo White‐Headed Langur Field Observation and Research Station of GuangxiGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Qi‐Hai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, The Chongzuo White‐Headed Langur Field Observation and Research Station of GuangxiGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilinChina
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21
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Vásquez-Aguilar AA, Hernández-Rodríguez D, Martínez-Mota R. Predicting future climate change impacts on the potential distribution of the black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra): an endangered arboreal primate. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:392. [PMID: 38520558 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the main factors affecting biodiversity worldwide at an alarming rate. In addition to increases in global extreme weather events, melting of polar ice caps, and subsequent sea level rise, climate change might shift the geographic distribution of species. In recent years, interest in understanding the effects of climate change on species distribution has increased, including species which depend greatly on forest cover for survival, such as strictly arboreal primates. Here, we generate a series of species distribution models (SDMs) to evaluate future projections under different climate change scenarios on the distribution of the black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra), an endemic endangered primate species. Using SDMs, we assessed current and future projections of their potential distribution for three Social Economic Paths (SSPs) for the years 2030, 2050, 2070, and 2090. Specifically, we found that precipitation seasonality (BIO15, 30.8%), isothermality (BIO3, 25.4%), and mean diurnal range (BIO2, 19.7.%) are the main factors affecting A. pigra distribution. The future climate change models suggested a decrease in the potential distribution of A. pigra by projected scenarios (from - 1.23 to - 12.66%). The highly suitable area was the most affected above all in the more pessimist scenario most likely related to habitat fragmentation. Our study provides new insights into the potential future distribution and suitable habitats of Alouatta pigra. Such information could be used by local communities, governments, and non-governmental organizations for conservation planning of this primate species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodolfo Martínez-Mota
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales (CITRO), Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
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22
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Diehl Rodriguez R, Tavares MCH, Brucki SMD, Takada LT, Otaduy MCG, da Graça Morais Martin M, Kimie Suemoto C, Grinberg LT, Leite CC, Tomaz C, Nitrini R. Bearded capuchin monkeys as a model for Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6287. [PMID: 38491154 PMCID: PMC10943096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The absence of a natural animal model is one of the main challenges in Alzheimer's disease research. Despite the challenges of using nonhuman primates in studies, these animals can bridge mouse models and humans, as nonhuman primates are phylogenetically closer to humans and can spontaneously develop AD-type pathology. The capuchin monkey, a New World primate, has recently attracted attention due to its skill in creating and using instruments. We analyzed one capuchin brain using structural 7 T MRI and performed a neuropathological evaluation of three animals. Alzheimer-type pathology was found in the two of the capuchins. Widespread β-amyloid pathology was observed, mainly in focal deposits with variable morphology and a high density of mature plaques. Notably, plaque-associated dystrophic neurites associated with disruption of axonal transport and early cytoskeletal alteration were frequently found. Unlike in other species of New World monkeys, cerebral arterial angiopathy was not the predominant form of β-amyloid pathology. Additionally, abnormal aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau, resembling neurofibrillary pathology, were observed in the temporal and frontal cortex. Astrocyte hypertrophy surrounding plaques was found, suggesting a neuroinflammatory response. These findings indicate that aged capuchin monkeys can spontaneously develop Alzheimer-type pathology, indicating that they may be an advantageous animal model for research in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Diehl Rodriguez
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, 255 Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética em Neurorradiologia (LIM-44) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 250 Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Clotilde H Tavares
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
- Primate Center, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Park Way-Núcleo Bandeirante, Brasília, DF, CEP 71750-000, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, 255 Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Leonel Tadao Takada
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, 255 Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Concepción Garcia Otaduy
- Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética em Neurorradiologia (LIM-44) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 250 Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça Morais Martin
- Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética em Neurorradiologia (LIM-44) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 250 Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Claudia Kimie Suemoto
- Biobank for Aging Studies, University of São Paulo, 455 Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Biobank for Aging Studies, University of São Paulo, 455 Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Claudia Costa Leite
- Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética em Neurorradiologia (LIM-44) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 250 Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tomaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Euro-American University Center-UNIEURO, Asa Sul, Brasilia, DF, CEP 70297-400, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, 255 Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05403-000, Brazil.
- Biobank for Aging Studies, University of São Paulo, 455 Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil.
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Garber PA, Estrada A, Klain V, Bicca-Marques JC. An urgent call-to-action to protect the nonhuman primates and Indigenous Peoples of the Brazilian Amazon. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23523. [PMID: 37221905 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Primates are facing an impending extinction crisis. Here, we examine the set of conservation challenges faced by the 100 primate species that inhabit the Brazilian Amazon, the largest remaining area of primary tropical rainforest in the world. The vast majority (86%) of Brazil's Amazonian primate species have declining populations. Primate population decline in Amazonia has been driven principally by deforestation related to the production of forest-risk commodities including soy and cattle ranching, the illegal logging and setting of fires, dam building, road and rail construction, hunting, mining, and the confiscation and conversion of Indigenous Peoples' traditional lands. In a spatial analysis of the Brazilian Amazon, we found that 75% of Indigenous Peoples' lands (IPLs) remained forested compared with 64% of Conservation Units (CUs) and 56% of other lands (OLs). In addition, primate species richness was significantly higher on IPLs than on CUs and OLs. Thus, safeguarding Indigenous Peoples' land rights, systems of knowledge, and human rights is one of the most effective ways to protect Amazonian primates and the conservation value of the ecosystems they inhabit. Intense public and political pressure is required and a global call-to-action is needed to encourage all Amazonian countries, especially Brazil, as well as citizens of consumer nations, to actively commit to changing business as usual, living more sustainably, and doing all they can to protect the Amazon. We end with a set of actions one can take to promote primate conservation in the Brazilian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Alejandro Estrada
- Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vinícius Klain
- Laboratório de Primatologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Bicca-Marques
- Laboratório de Primatologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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24
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Atsalis S, Gravenberch M, Norconk MA. Mentorship and professional growth for conservationists in primate-range countries. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23592. [PMID: 38205682 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Ways to support professional capacity of emerging conservation leadership in primate range countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Atsalis
- Professional Development for Good Consulting, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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25
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Norconk MA, Atsalis S, Savage A. Can we eliminate the primate pet trade in the United States? Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23525. [PMID: 37257913 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
International laws and conventions have gone a long way in reducing the number of wild primates entering the United States of America (US) for the pet trade. However, breeding primates for sale to private owners in the United States continues, and individual states present a bewildering array of laws and regulations on the holding of primates as pets. As primatologists we can act to decrease the demand for primate pets by (1) speaking out on the inappropriate use of primates in mass media and especially in social media; (2) not posing in photographs in close proximity to primates; (3) continuing to educate about why primates do not make good pets; and (4) contributing to the science that underlies state and federal legislation with the goal of eliminating captive breeding of primates for the pet trade. We encourage primatologists and others in related fields to be cognizant of the persistent commercialization of primates and be willing to take action to deter it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvia Atsalis
- Professional Development for Good, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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26
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Strahan EK, Witherbee J, Bergl R, Lonsdorf EV, Mwacha D, Mjungu D, Arandjelovic M, Ikfuingei R, Terio K, Travis DA, Gillespie TR. Potentially Zoonotic Enteric Infections in Gorillas and Chimpanzees, Cameroon and Tanzania. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:577-580. [PMID: 38407249 PMCID: PMC10902540 DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.230318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite zoonotic potential, data are lacking on enteric infection diversity in wild apes. We employed a novel molecular diagnostic platform to detect enteric infections in wild chimpanzees and gorillas. Prevalent Cryptosporidium parvum, adenovirus, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli across divergent sites and species demonstrates potential widespread circulation among apes in Africa.
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Garber PA, Dolins F, Lappan S. Scientific activism to protect the world's primates and their environments from extinction: Introduction to the special issue. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23601. [PMID: 38284477 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates and their habitats are facing an impending extinction crisis. Approximately 69% of primate species are listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as threatened and 93% have declining populations. Human population growth (expected to reach 10.9 billion by the year 2100), the unsustainable demands of a small number of consumer nations for forest-risk commodities, deforestation and habitat conversion, the expansion of roads and rail networks, cattle ranching, the hunting and trapping of wild primate populations, and the potential spread of infectious diseases are among the primary drivers of primate population decline. Climate change will only exacerbate the current situation. The time to act to protect primate populations is now! In this special issue of the American Journal of Primatology, we present a series of commentaries, formulated as "Action Letters." These are designed to educate and inform primatologists, conservation biologists, wildlife ecologists, political leaders, and global citizens about the conservation challenges faced by particular primate taxa and particular world regions, and present examples of specific actions that one can take, individually and collectively, to promote the persistence of wild primate populations and environmental justice for local human populations and impacted ecological communities. As scientists, researchers, and educators, primatologists are in a unique position to lead local, national, and international efforts to protect biodiversity. In this special issue, we focus on primates of the Brazilian Amazon, lemurs of northeast Madagascar, Temminck's red colobus monkey (Piliocolobus badius temminckii), night monkeys (Aotus spp.), long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), the primate pet trade, and professional capacity building to foster conservation awareness and action. We encourage primatologists, regardless of their research focus, to engage in both advocacy and activism to protect wild primate populations worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology, and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Francine Dolins
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Susan Lappan
- Department of Anthropology, Malaysian Primatological Society, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
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28
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Gamalo LE, Ilham K, Jones-Engel L, Gill M, Sweet R, Aldrich B, Phiapalath P, Van Bang T, Ahmed T, Kite S, Paramasivam S, Seiha H, Zainol MZ, Nielsen DRK, Ruppert N, Fuentes A, Hansen MF. Removal from the wild endangers the once widespread long-tailed macaque. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23547. [PMID: 37667504 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2022, long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), a once ubiquitous primate species, was elevated to Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. In 2023, recognizing that the long-tailed macaque is threatened by multiple factors: (1) declining native habitats across Southeast Asia; (2) overutilization for scientific, commercial, and recreational purposes; (3) inadequate regulatory mechanisms; and (4) culling due to human-macaque conflicts, a petition for rulemaking was submitted to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to add the species to the US Endangered Species Act, the nation's most effective law to protect at risk species. The long-tailed macaque remains unprotected across much of its geographical range despite the documented continual decline of the species and related sub-species and the recent IUCN reassessment. This commentary presents a review of the factors that have contributed to the dramatic decline of this keystone species and makes a case for raising the level of protection they receive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lief Erikson Gamalo
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, College of Science and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for Human-Primate Interactions, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Kurnia Ilham
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for Human-Primate Interactions, Gland, Switzerland
- Museum Zoology, Department of Biology, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Lisa Jones-Engel
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Mike Gill
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- Technological Primates Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rebecca Sweet
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- Animal Management Department, East Durham College, Peterlee, UK
| | - Brooke Aldrich
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for Human-Primate Interactions, Gland, Switzerland
- Asia for Animals Coalition, Torpoint, UK
- Neotropical Primate Conservation, Torpoint, UK
| | - Phaivanh Phiapalath
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for South and South East Asia, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Tran Van Bang
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- Southern Institute of Ecology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Tanvir Ahmed
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for Human-Primate Interactions, Gland, Switzerland
- Nature Conservation Management, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sarah Kite
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- Action for Primates, London, UK
| | - Sharmini Paramasivam
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for Human-Primate Interactions, Gland, Switzerland
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Hun Seiha
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- Conservation International, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Muhammad Z Zainol
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Malaysian Primatological Society, Kulim, Malaysia
| | | | - Nadine Ruppert
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for South and South East Asia, Gland, Switzerland
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Malaysian Primatological Society, Kulim, Malaysia
| | - Agustin Fuentes
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- Department of Anthropology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Malene F Hansen
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for Human-Primate Interactions, Gland, Switzerland
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for South and South East Asia, Gland, Switzerland
- Department of Anthropology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Behavioural Ecology Group, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Bolt LM, Owens JL, Grant MT, Coggeshall EMC, Russell DG, Merrigan-Johnson C, Jacobson ZS, Schmidt ZT, Kaser FVE, Schreier AL. Edge effects and social behavior in three platyrrhines. Am J Primatol 2024:e23610. [PMID: 38402143 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Social behavior is a key adaptation for group-living primates. It is important to assess changes to social behavior in human-impacted landscape zones to better understand the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on primate species. We investigated social behavior rate and type in three species of platyrrhines across 100 m anthropogenic edge and interior zones of a fragmented forest in Costa Rica, La Suerte Biological Research Station (LSBRS). Following results from other sites, we predicted that spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi), capuchin monkeys (Cebus imitator) and howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) would show lower rates and fewer types of social behavior in forest edge compared to interior. We collected 1341 h of instantaneous focal data from 2017 to 2023 across the three monkey species. We found mixed support for our predictions, with spider and capuchin monkeys modifying some but not all aspects of social behavior across forest zones at LSBRS. Spider monkeys had lower rates of social behavior and capuchin monkeys performed different types of social behaviors in forest edge compared to interior at LSBRS. In contrast, howler monkeys did not modify social behavior. Two out of three platyrrhine species altered their social behavior when in anthropogenic edges, indicating behavioral adjustment when in human-altered habitat areas at LSBRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Bolt
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jenna L Owens
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Madison Taylor Grant
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth M C Coggeshall
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Dorian G Russell
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Carrie Merrigan-Johnson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zachary S Jacobson
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Zachary T Schmidt
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Amy L Schreier
- Maderas Rainforest Conservancy, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Biology, Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA
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30
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Elwell E, Fontani S, Vaglio S. Design and test of novel scent enrichments to enhance breeding of zoo-housed lemurs. F1000Res 2024; 13:123. [PMID: 38974941 PMCID: PMC11226944 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.144636.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Zoos use environmental enrichments, including scents, which may have applications to improve breeding success for taxa, such as lemurs, which rely heavily on olfactory communication. We aimed to develop novel, biologically-relevant scent enrichments to trigger mating behaviours of zoo-housed lemur species, which are critically endangered in the wild and show a low success rate in captive breeding programmes. Methods We examined anogenital odour secretions, released by female gentle ( Hapalemur alaotrensis) and ruffed ( Varecia variegata) lemurs, using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. We identified the key compounds distinguishing the volatile chemical profile of female lemurs during the breeding season and used them to develop species-specific scent enrichments. We then tested the scent enrichments, made up of synthesized mixtures conveying information about female lemur fertility, on unsuccessful breeding pairs of lemurs hosted in European zoos. We evaluated the effects of the newly designed scent enrichments on their target species by combining behavioural observations with faecal endocrinology. Results We identified and reproduced fertility-specific signals associated with female scents. These scent mixtures triggered male sexual behaviours, including mating, during and after the enrichment condition. We also found effects on faecal testosterone levels, with increased levels after the enrichment condition albeit not statistically significant. Conclusions Our findings suggest that biologically-relevant scent enrichments may trigger natural species-specific behaviours, with potential implications for conservation breeding of zoo-based endangered lemur species, and highlight that combining more assessment methods may assist with evaluating the impact of environmental enrichments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Elwell
- Animal Behaviour & Wildlife Conservation Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, England, WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Sara Fontani
- Animal Behaviour & Wildlife Conservation Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, England, WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Stefano Vaglio
- Animal Behaviour & Wildlife Conservation Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, England, WV1 1LY, UK
- University College–The Castle, Durham University, Durham, England, UK
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Mendoza AP, Muñoz-Maceda A, Ghersi BM, De La Puente M, Zariquiey C, Cavero N, Murillo Y, Sebastian M, Ibañez Y, Parker PG, Perez A, Uhart M, Robinson J, Olson SH, Rosenbaum MH. Diversity and prevalence of zoonotic infections at the animal-human interface of primate trafficking in Peru. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0287893. [PMID: 38324542 PMCID: PMC10849265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Wildlife trafficking creates favorable scenarios for intra- and inter-specific interactions that can lead to parasite spread and disease emergence. Among the fauna affected by this activity, primates are relevant due to their potential to acquire and share zoonoses - infections caused by parasites that can spread between humans and other animals. Though it is known that most primate parasites can affect multiple hosts and that many are zoonotic, comparative studies across different contexts for animal-human interactions are scarce. We conducted a multi-parasite screening targeting the detection of zoonotic infections in wild-caught monkeys in nine Peruvian cities across three contexts: captivity (zoos and rescue centers, n = 187); pet (households, n = 69); and trade (trafficked or recently confiscated, n = 132). We detected 32 parasite taxa including mycobacteria, simian foamyvirus, bacteria, helminths, and protozoa. Monkeys in the trade context had the highest prevalence of hemoparasites (including Plasmodium malariae/brasilianum, Trypanosoma cruzi, and microfilaria) and enteric helminths and protozoa were less common in pet monkeys. However, parasite communities showed overall low variation between the three contexts. Parasite richness (PR) was best explained by host genus and the city where the animal was sampled. Squirrel (genus Saimiri) and wooly (genus Lagothrix) monkeys had the highest PR, which was ~2.2 times the PR found in tufted capuchins (genus Sapajus) and tamarins (genus Saguinus/Leontocebus) in a multivariable model adjusted for context, sex, and age. Our findings illustrate that the threats of wildlife trafficking to One Health encompass exposure to multiple zoonotic parasites well-known to cause disease in humans, monkeys, and other species. We demonstrate these threats continue beyond the markets where wildlife is initially sold; monkeys trafficked for the pet market remain a reservoir for and contribute to the translocation of zoonotic parasites to households and other captive facilities where contact with humans is frequent. Our results have practical applications for the healthcare of rescued monkeys and call for urgent action against wildlife trafficking and ownership of monkeys as pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Patricia Mendoza
- Wildlife Conservation Society - Peru Program, Lima, Peru
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri - Saint Louis, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Asociación Neotropical Primate Conservation – Perú, Moyobamba, San Martín, Perú
| | - Ana Muñoz-Maceda
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno M. Ghersi
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Nancy Cavero
- Wildlife Conservation Society - Peru Program, Lima, Peru
| | - Yovana Murillo
- Wildlife Conservation Society - Peru Program, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Yohani Ibañez
- Wildlife Conservation Society - Peru Program, Lima, Peru
| | - Patricia G. Parker
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri - Saint Louis, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alberto Perez
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Uhart
- One Health Institute, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Janine Robinson
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah H. Olson
- Wildlife Conservation Society - Health Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Marieke H. Rosenbaum
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Auliz-Ortiz DM, Benítez-Malvido J, Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Dirzo R, Pérez-Farrera MÁ, Luna-Reyes R, Mendoza E, Álvarez-Añorve MY, Álvarez-Sánchez J, Arias-Ataide DM, Ávila-Cabadilla LD, Botello F, Braasch M, Casas A, Campos-Villanueva DÁ, Cedeño-Vázquez JR, Chávez-Tovar JC, Coates R, Dechnik-Vázquez Y, del Coro Arizmendi M, Dias PA, Dorado O, Enríquez P, Escalona-Segura G, Farías-González V, Favila ME, García A, García-Morales LJ, Gavito-Pérez F, Gómez-Domínguez H, González-García F, González-Zamora A, Cuevas-Guzmán R, Haro-Belchez E, Hernández-Huerta AH, Hernández-Ordoñez O, Horváth A, Ibarra-Manríquez G, Lavín-Murcio PA, Lira-Saade R, López-Díaz K, MacSwiney G. MC, Mandujano S, Martínez-Camilo R, Martínez-Ávalos JG, Martínez-Meléndez N, Monroy-Ojeda A, Mora F, Mora-Olivo A, Muench C, Peña-Mondragón JL, Percino-Daniel R, Ramírez-Marcial N, Reyna-Hurtado R, Rodríguez-Ruíz ER, Sánchez-Cordero V, Suazo-Ortuño I, Terán-Juárez SA, Valdivieso-Pérez IA, Valencia V, Valenzuela-Galván D, Vargas-Contreras JA, Vázquez-Pérez JR, Vega-Rivera JH, Venegas-Barrera CS, Martínez-Ramos M. Underlying and proximate drivers of biodiversity changes in Mesoamerican biosphere reserves. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2305944121. [PMID: 38252845 PMCID: PMC10861858 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305944121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Protected areas are of paramount relevance to conserving wildlife and ecosystem contributions to people. Yet, their conservation success is increasingly threatened by human activities including habitat loss, climate change, pollution, and species overexploitation. Thus, understanding the underlying and proximate drivers of anthropogenic threats is urgently needed to improve protected areas' effectiveness, especially in the biodiversity-rich tropics. We addressed this issue by analyzing expert-provided data on long-term biodiversity change (last three decades) over 14 biosphere reserves from the Mesoamerican Biodiversity Hotspot. Using multivariate analyses and structural equation modeling, we tested the influence of major socioeconomic drivers (demographic, economic, and political factors), spatial indicators of human activities (agriculture expansion and road extension), and forest landscape modifications (forest loss and isolation) as drivers of biodiversity change. We uncovered a significant proliferation of disturbance-tolerant guilds and the loss or decline of disturbance-sensitive guilds within reserves causing a "winner and loser" species replacement over time. Guild change was directly related to forest spatial changes promoted by the expansion of agriculture and roads within reserves. High human population density and low nonfarming occupation were identified as the main underlying drivers of biodiversity change. Our findings suggest that to mitigate anthropogenic threats to biodiversity within biosphere reserves, fostering human population well-being via sustainable, nonfarming livelihood opportunities around reserves is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martín Auliz-Ortiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia58190, Mexico
| | - Julieta Benítez-Malvido
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia58190, Mexico
| | - Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia58190, Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mérida97357, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Dirzo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA9430
- Department of Earth Systems Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA9430
| | - Miguel Ángel Pérez-Farrera
- Herbario Eizi Matuda, Laboratorio de Ecología, Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez29039, Mexico
| | - Roberto Luna-Reyes
- Dirección de Áreas Naturales y Vida Silvestre, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente e Historia Natural, Tuxtla Gutiérrez29000, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia58337, Mexico
| | | | - Javier Álvarez-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México04510, Mexico
| | - Dulce María Arias-Ataide
- Centro de Investigación y Educación Ambiental Sierra de Huautla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca62914, Mexico
| | - Luis Daniel Ávila-Cabadilla
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mérida97357, Mexico
| | - Francisco Botello
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México04510, Mexico
| | - Marco Braasch
- Faktorgruen, Landschaftsarchitekten bdla Beratende Ingenieure, Abteilung Landschaftsplanung, Rottweil, Baden-Württemberg78628, Germany
| | - Alejandro Casas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia58190, Mexico
| | - Delfino Álvaro Campos-Villanueva
- Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz95701, Mexico
| | - José Rogelio Cedeño-Vázquez
- Departamento de Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal, Chetumal77014, Mexico
| | - José Cuauhtémoc Chávez-Tovar
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Lerma, Lerma, Estado de México52006, Mexico
| | - Rosamond Coates
- Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz95701, Mexico
| | - Yanus Dechnik-Vázquez
- Pre-Planning Center of the Gulf, Federal Electricity Comission, Boca del Río, Veracruz94295, Mexico
| | - María del Coro Arizmendi
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalneplantla54090, Mexico
| | - Pedro Américo Dias
- Primate Behavioral Ecology Lab, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz91190, Mexico
| | - Oscar Dorado
- Centro de Investigación y Educación Ambiental Sierra de Huautla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca62914, Mexico
| | - Paula Enríquez
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas29290, Mexico
| | - Griselda Escalona-Segura
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche, Campeche24500, Mexico
| | - Verónica Farías-González
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalneplantla54090, Mexico
| | - Mario E. Favila
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz91070, Mexico
| | - Andrés García
- Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Patricio48980, Mexico
| | - Leccinum Jesús García-Morales
- Departamento de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas87010, Mexico
| | - Fernando Gavito-Pérez
- Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlán, Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, Autlán de Navarro48903, Mexico
| | - Héctor Gómez-Domínguez
- Herbario Eizi Matuda, Laboratorio de Ecología, Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez29039, Mexico
| | - Fernando González-García
- Red Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz91073, Mexico
| | - Arturo González-Zamora
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz911901, Mexico
| | - Ramón Cuevas-Guzmán
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Autlán de Navarro48900, Mexico
| | | | | | - Omar Hernández-Ordoñez
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México04510, Mexico
| | - Anna Horváth
- Quirón, Centro de Intervenciones Asistidas con Equinos y Formación para el Bienestar y Sustentabilidad, Asociación Civil, Comitán de Domínguez30039, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia58190, Mexico
| | - Pablo Antonio Lavín-Murcio
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua32315, Mexico
| | - Rafael Lira-Saade
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalneplantla54090, Mexico
| | - Karime López-Díaz
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca62209, Mexico
| | | | - Salvador Mandujano
- Red Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz91073, Mexico
| | - Rubén Martínez-Camilo
- Unidad Villa Corzo, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Villa de Corzo30520, Mexico
| | | | - Nayely Martínez-Meléndez
- Orquidario y Jardín Botánico "Comitán", Secretaría de Medio Ambiente e Historia Natural, Comitán de Domínguez30106, Mexico
| | | | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia58190, Mexico
| | - Arturo Mora-Olivo
- Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas87019, Mexico
| | - Carlos Muench
- Coordinación Universitaria para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México04510, Mexico
| | - Juan L. Peña-Mondragón
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología -Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia58190, Mexico
| | - Ruth Percino-Daniel
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México04510, Mexico
| | - Neptalí Ramírez-Marcial
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas29290, Mexico
| | - Rafael Reyna-Hurtado
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche, Campeche24500, Mexico
| | - Erick Rubén Rodríguez-Ruíz
- Comisión de Parques y Biodiversidad de Tamaulipas, Gobierno del Estado de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas87083, Mexico
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Cordero
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México04510, Mexico
| | - Ireri Suazo-Ortuño
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia58337, Mexico
| | - Sergio Alejandro Terán-Juárez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Ciudad Victoria, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas87010, Mexico
| | - Ingrid Abril Valdivieso-Pérez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Conkal97345, Mexico
| | - Vivian Valencia
- Department of Environment, Agriculture and Geography, Bishop’s University, Sherbrooke, QCJ1M 1Z7, Canada
| | - David Valenzuela-Galván
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca62209, Mexico
| | | | - José Raúl Vázquez-Pérez
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas29290, Mexico
| | - Jorge Humberto Vega-Rivera
- Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Patricio48980, Mexico
| | - Crystian Sadiel Venegas-Barrera
- Departamento de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas87010, Mexico
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia58190, Mexico
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Hobaiter C, Klein H, Gruber T. Habitual ground nesting in the Bugoma Forest chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii), Uganda. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23583. [PMID: 38037523 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the presence of habitual ground nesting in a newly studied East African chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) population in the Bugoma Central Forest Reserve, Uganda. Across a 2-year period, we encountered 891 night nests, 189 of which were classified as ground nests, a rate of ~21%. We find no preliminary evidence of socio-ecological factors that would promote its use and highlight local factors, such as high incidence of forest disturbance due to poaching and logging, which appear to make its use disadvantageous. While further study is required to establish whether this behavior meets the strict criteria for nonhuman animal culture, we support the argument that the wider use of population and group-specific behavioral repertoires in flagship species, such as chimpanzees, offers a tool to promote the urgent conservation action needed to protect threatened ecosystems, including the Bugoma forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hobaiter
- Wild Minds Lab, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Bugoma Primate Conservation Project, Bugoma Central Forest Reserve, Hoima, Uganda
| | - Harmonie Klein
- Wild Minds Lab, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Thibaud Gruber
- Bugoma Primate Conservation Project, Bugoma Central Forest Reserve, Hoima, Uganda
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Silva ML, Caiaffa MG, da Costa ALM, Ferreira-Machado E, Ervedosa TB, Navas-Suárez PE, Guerra JM, Matos FN, Gonzaga CRR, de Azevedo Fernandes NCC, Teixeira RHF. Retrospective study of the mortality of the Vieira's titi monkey (Plecturocebus vieirai) at the Sorocaba Zoo, Brazil. J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12685. [PMID: 38009978 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Vieira's titi monkey (Plecturocebus vieirai) was recently described and characterized as endemic to Brazil. According to the IUCN red list, this species is classified as critically endangered (CR). At the date of the publication of this manuscript, there are no published data on the health aspects of this species. METHODS For this study, the necropsy, and histopathological data of the mortality of P. vieirai at Sorocaba Zoo (São Paulo, Brazil) were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Causes of death diagnosed included disorders of the urinary, gastrointestinal, immune, and circulatory systems. CONCLUSIONS This study provides information regarding the pathological conditions of P. vieirai and points to urinary and gastrointestinal diseases as the main causes of death in this species at Sorocaba Zoo. These results can help veterinarians who have this species under their care diagnose and deal with it more quickly, increasing the probability of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira
- Parque Zoológico Municipal Quinzinho de Barros, PZMQB, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação de Animais Selvagens UNESP/Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de Sorocaba, UNISO, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bao Q, Tay NL, Lim CY, Chua DHH, Kee SK, Choolani M, Loh YH, Ng SC, Chai C. Integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells from three endangered Southeast Asian non-human primate species. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2391. [PMID: 38287040 PMCID: PMC10825216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced molecular and cellular technologies provide promising tools for wildlife and biodiversity conservation. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology offers an easily accessible and infinite source of pluripotent stem cells, and have been derived from many threatened wildlife species. This paper describes the first successful integration-free reprogramming of adult somatic cells to iPSCs, and their differentiation, from three endangered Southeast Asian primates: the Celebes Crested Macaque (Macaca nigra), the Lar Gibbon (Hylobates lar), and the Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus). iPSCs were also generated from the Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus). Differences in mechanisms could elicit new discoveries regarding primate evolution and development. iPSCs from endangered species provides a safety net in conservation efforts and allows for sustainable sampling for research and conservation, all while providing a platform for the development of further in vitro models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuye Bao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology-Endangered Species Conservation By Assisted Reproduction (IMCB-ESCAR) Joint Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Nicole Liling Tay
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology-Endangered Species Conservation By Assisted Reproduction (IMCB-ESCAR) Joint Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Christina Yingyan Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology-Endangered Species Conservation By Assisted Reproduction (IMCB-ESCAR) Joint Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | | | - Su Keyau Kee
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology-Endangered Species Conservation By Assisted Reproduction (IMCB-ESCAR) Joint Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Soon Chye Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology-Endangered Species Conservation By Assisted Reproduction (IMCB-ESCAR) Joint Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
- Sincere Healthcare Group, 8 Sinaran Drive, Singapore, 307470, Singapore.
| | - Chou Chai
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology-Endangered Species Conservation By Assisted Reproduction (IMCB-ESCAR) Joint Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
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Costa-Araújo R, Canale GR, de Melo FR, da Silva R, da Silva IB, de Alencar R, da Silva L, Jerusalinsky L, de Azevedo RB, Santos Júnior E, Mourthé I, Ruz EJH, Silva-Jr. J, Roos C, Farias IP, Hrbek T. A dataset of new occurrence records of primates from the arc of deforestation, Brazil. Primate Biol 2024; 11:1-11. [PMID: 39045308 PMCID: PMC11262026 DOI: 10.5194/pb-11-1-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The so-called arc of deforestation is a major agricultural and industrial frontier in southern Amazonia and northern Cerrado of Brazil. As arboreal mammals, the primates in this region are therefore threatened by forest loss and fragmentation. At the same time, knowledge about the taxonomic diversity and distribution ranges of these taxa is incomplete, which might hamper efficient conservation measurements. New species have been recently discovered in this region, and their ranges remain imprecise because only a few occurrence records are available for each species. Here we present 192 new records of 22 species and subspecies of Alouatta, Aotus, Ateles, Cebus, Chiropotes, Lagothrix, Leontocebus, Pithecia, Plecturocebus, Saimiri, and Sapajus, collected in 56 different localities during 10 field expeditions across the arc of deforestation between 2015 and 2018. Based on these new records, we extend the ranges of Alouatta puruensis, Ateles chamek, and Saimiri collinsi; identify potential hybridization zones between A. puruensis and A. discolor, and between At. chamek and At. marginatus; redefine the range of Plecturocebus moloch; and clarify the ranges of P. baptista and P. hoffmannsi. Moreover, these results and the dataset are valuable for further research on, for example, species distribution and habitat use modeling, for assessing species extinction risks, and for supporting efforts for the conservation of species increasingly threatened on a global deforestation frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Costa-Araújo
- Primates Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Canale
- Sinop Applied Ecology Group, Centre of Biodiversity Studies of the Southern Amazon, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, 78556-706, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ivan Batista da Silva
- Amazon Marmosets Project, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Luciano Ferreira da Silva
- Sinop Applied Ecology Group, Centre of Biodiversity Studies of the Southern Amazon, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, 78556-706, Brazil
| | - Leandro Jerusalinsky
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Cabedelo, 58108-012, Brazil
| | - Renata Bocorny de Azevedo
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Cabedelo, 58108-012, Brazil
| | | | - Italo Mourthé
- Biology and Conservation of Primates Research Group, Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development, Tefé, 69553-225, Brazil
| | | | | | - Christian Roos
- Primates Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Gene Bank of Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Izeni Pires Farias
- Evolution and Animal Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Evolution and Animal Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69077-000, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212-7200, United States
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37
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Lameira AR, Hardus ME, Ravignani A, Raimondi T, Gamba M. Recursive self-embedded vocal motifs in wild orangutans. eLife 2024; 12:RP88348. [PMID: 38252123 PMCID: PMC10945596 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recursive procedures that allow placing a vocal signal inside another of a similar kind provide a neuro-computational blueprint for syntax and phonology in spoken language and human song. There are, however, no known vocal sequences among nonhuman primates arranged in self-embedded patterns that evince vocal recursion or potential incipient or evolutionary transitional forms thereof, suggesting a neuro-cognitive transformation exclusive to humans. Here, we uncover that wild flanged male orangutan long calls feature rhythmically isochronous call sequences nested within isochronous call sequences, consistent with two hierarchical strata. Remarkably, three temporally and acoustically distinct call rhythms in the lower stratum were not related to the overarching rhythm at the higher stratum by any low multiples, which suggests that these recursive structures were neither the result of parallel non-hierarchical procedures nor anatomical artifacts of bodily constraints or resonances. Findings represent a case of temporally recursive hominid vocal combinatorics in the absence of syntax, semantics, phonology, or music. Second-order combinatorics, 'sequences within sequences', involving hierarchically organized and cyclically structured vocal sounds in ancient hominids may have preluded the evolution of recursion in modern language-able humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano R Lameira
- Department of Psychology, University of WarwickCoventryUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Andrea Ravignani
- Comparative Bioacoustics Group, Max Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenNetherlands
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/AalborgAarhusDenmark
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Teresa Raimondi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinoTorinoItaly
| | - Marco Gamba
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinoTorinoItaly
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38
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Atmoko T, Toulec T, Lhota S, Darman. Population status of proboscis monkeys in Balikpapan Bay and their potential survival challenges in Nusantara, the proposed new capital city of Indonesia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:107. [PMID: 38168705 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Populations of rare and endangered species are nowadays in peril due to large-scale habitat conversion, and even sizeable and stable populations are confronted with unexpected challenges. We conducted a full census of a proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) population in Balikpapan Bay and located 292 one-male-multifemale units and 67 all-male units in 2022. Using data on average group size, subsampled from Balikpapan Bay, we estimated a total population size of 3907 individuals. The rate of proboscis monkey habitat loss in Balikpapan Bay has been slowing down to the current 0.69% per year. It is predicted that habitat recovery may exceed habitat loss after 13 years. The Indonesian capital city relocation was announced in 2019 with spatial plans designed to cover a total land area of 2,560 km2 across various habitats until 2045. A total number of 1449 individuals (37.08% of the population) were found on 80.55 km2 (41.29%) of habitat that overlapped with current spatial plans of Nusantara Capital city. The construction work just started; before that, the government had already claimed it would be a "smart, green, beautiful, and sustainable city". We, therefore, include our recommendations to mitigate the impact of the construction and to pursue the goal to construct the most sustainable capital city, concerning local biodiversity and thus become a pioneer in a new direction of proboscis monkey conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Atmoko
- Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia
- Yayasan Borneo Biodiversity Conservation (BBC), Samboja - Km 38, Samboja, East Kalimantan, 75272, Indonesia
| | - Tadeáš Toulec
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Stanislav Lhota
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
- Ústí nad Labem Zoo, Drážďanská 23, Ústí Nad Labem, 400 07, Czech Republic
| | - Darman
- Yayasan Borneo Biodiversity Conservation (BBC), Samboja - Km 38, Samboja, East Kalimantan, 75272, Indonesia
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Bezanson M, Cortés-Ortiz L, Bicca-Marques JC, Boonratana R, Carvalho S, Cords M, de la Torre S, Hobaiter C, Humle T, Izar P, Lynch JW, Matsuzawa T, Setchell JM, Zikusoka GK, Strier KB. News and Perspectives: Words matter in primatology. Primates 2024; 65:33-39. [PMID: 38032520 PMCID: PMC10796633 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-023-01104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Postings on social media on Twitter (now X), BioAnthropology News (Facebook), and other venues, as well as recent publications in prominent journals, show that primatologists, ecologists, and other researchers are questioning the terms "Old World" and "New World" due to their colonial implications and history. The terms are offensive if they result in erasing Indigenous voices and history, ignoring the fact that Indigenous peoples were in the Americas long before European colonization. Language use is not without context, but alternative terminology is not always obvious and available. In this perspective, we share opinions expressed by an international group of primatologists who considered questions about the use of these terms, whether primatologists should adjust language use, and how to move forward. The diversity of opinions provides insight into how conventional terms used in primatological research and conservation may impact our effectiveness in these domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bezanson
- Department of Anthropology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA.
| | - Liliana Cortés-Ortiz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Júlio César Bicca-Marques
- Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ramesh Boonratana
- Mahidol University International College, Nakhon Pathom 73210, Thailand
| | - Susana Carvalho
- Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique
| | - Marina Cords
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Catherine Hobaiter
- Wild Minds Lab, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Tatyana Humle
- Durrelll Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Kent, UK
| | - Patrícia Izar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica W Lynch
- Department of Anthropology, and Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tetsuro Matsuzawa
- Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Department of Pedagogy, Chubu Gakuin University, Gifu, 504-0837, Japan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | | | | | - Karen B Strier
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Li WB, Teng Y, Zhang MY, Shen Y, Liu JW, Qi JW, Wang XC, Wu RF, Li JH, Garber PA, Li M. Human activity and climate change accelerate the extinction risk to non-human primates in China. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17114. [PMID: 38273577 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Human activity and climate change affect biodiversity and cause species range shifts, contractions, and expansions. Globally, human activities and climate change have emerged as persistent threats to biodiversity, leading to approximately 68% of the ~522 primate species being threatened with extinction. Here, we used habitat suitability models and integrated data on human population density, gross domestic product (GDP), road construction, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the location of protected areas (PAs), and climate change to predict potential changes in the distributional range and richness of 26 China's primate species. Our results indicate that both PAs and NDVI have a positive impact on primate distributions. With increasing anthropogenic pressure, species' ranges were restricted to areas of high vegetation cover and in PAs surrounded by buffer zones of 2.7-4.5 km and a core area of PAs at least 0.1-0.5 km from the closest edge of the PA. Areas with a GDP below the Chinese national average of 100,000 yuan were found to be ecologically vulnerable, and this had a negative impact on primate distributions. Changes in temperature and precipitation were also significant contributors to a reduction in the range of primate species. Under the expected influence of climate change over the next 30-50 years, we found that highly suitable habitat for primates will continue to decrease and species will be restricted to smaller and more peripheral parts of their current range. Areas of high primate diversity are expected to lose from 3 to 7 species. We recommend that immediate action be taken, including expanding China's National Park Program, the Ecological Conservation Redline Program, and the Natural Forest Protection Program, along with a stronger national policy promoting alternative/sustainable livelihoods for people in the local communities adjacent to primate ranges, to offset the detrimental effects of anthropogenic activities and climate change on primate survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Teng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Wei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hua Li
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dias PAD, Gómez Espinosa EE, Chavira Ramírez DR, Rangel Negrín A. Noise intensity modulates the responses of mantled howler monkeys to anthropophony. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23568. [PMID: 37850516 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise is a major global pollutant but its effects on primates are poorly understood, limiting our ability to develop mitigation actions that favor their welfare and conservation. In this study, we used an experimental approach to determine the impact of variation in noise intensity on mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata). We conducted the study at Los Tuxtlas (México), where we studied the physiological stress (proxied via fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, fGCM) and behavioral responses of 16 males. We played back chainsaw noise at two intensities (40 and 80 dB) and used days in which groups were not exposed to noise as matched controls. With increased noise intensity fGCM increased, vigilance and vocalizations were longer, and vigilance, vocalizations, and flight occurred quicker. Physiological and behavioral responses occurred even after low-intensity noise playbacks (i.e., 40 dB). Therefore, noise intensity is a significant factor explaining the responses of mantled howler monkeys to anthropogenic noise. These results imply that management actions aimed at eradicating anthropogenic noise are required for the conservation and welfare of mantled howler monkeys at Los Tuxtlas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A D Dias
- Primate Behavioral Ecology Lab, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | | | - David Roberto Chavira Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ariadna Rangel Negrín
- Primate Behavioral Ecology Lab, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
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Souza-Alves JP, Hilário RR, Fontes IP, Thomas WW, de Vasconcellos Barbosa MR. Direct links between resource availability and activity budget better reveal ecological patterns of endangered Coimbra-Filho's titi monkey. Primates 2024; 65:49-59. [PMID: 37805969 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-023-01095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Many primatological studies do not assess direct indexes of food availability to make inferences about behavioral strategies. We related the diet and behavior of a group of Callicebus coimbrai in northeastern Brazil to fruit availability indexes and compared this pattern between seasons (direct and indirect assessment of food availability) to assess whether direct and indirect approaches detect similar ecological patterns. We monitored the study group for 33 months (5 days/month) via scan sampling. The monthly availability of fruits and new leaves was recorded in phenological transects. Fruit availability varied across years based on fruit prevalence, and timing and duration of the abundant seasons. We did not find evidence of a time-minimizing strategy, since C. coimbrai did not change its activity levels according to food availability. However, the negative relationship between foraging and fruit availability indicates that C. coimbrai can compensate for the lower fruit availability by increasing the search for alternative food sources. Monthly fruit consumption was positively correlated to fruit availability and negatively related to the consumption of other food items. However, the behavioral and feeding profiles did not vary between seasons and were not related to rainfall levels. Primate studies should directly relate behavioral and feeding profiles to fruit availability indices, thus avoiding using seasons as proxies of food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Souza-Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Comportamento e Conservação (LECC), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Renato R Hilário
- Departamento de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Regina de Vasconcellos Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Aragão Silva JA, Dos Santos Soares LM, Ferreira FS, da Silva AB, Souto WMS. Use of wild vertebrates for consumption and bushmeat trade in Brazil: a review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:64. [PMID: 38111028 PMCID: PMC10729539 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bushmeat is a resource exploited by thousands of people around the world, especially in tropical and neotropical regions, constituting an important source of protein and income. But what is known, so far, about the consumption and trade of wild vertebrate meat (hereinafter "bushmeat") in a megadiverse country like Brazil? This question was answered through a systematic survey of publications on the consumption and trade of wild vertebrate meat made in Brazil between 2011 and 2021. METHODS We selected 63 scientific articles available on "Google Scholar," "Science Direct," "Scopus," " Web of Science" and "Portal de Periódico da CAPES." The articles were categorized as: exclusive to (1) consumption or (2) bushmeat trade, totals of 54 and three articles, respectively; both (3) consumption and trade bushmeat, totaling six articles. We applied a nonparametric Spearman's correlation analysis to verify the association between the number of papers and the species richness of wild vertebrates cited for consumption by Brazilian state. RESULTS The results revealed that the publications were concentrated in the Northeast (36), North (26) and Southeast (1) regions, distributed across 16 states of the federation. These data reinforce the need for more researches in states and other regions of the country. Our research hypothesis was confirmed, since the richness of species cited for meat consumption was positively associated with the amount of work carried out by the states of the federation. We identified a total of 321 species of wild vertebrates mentioned in the categories involving the consumption of bushmeat. We had a greater bird species richness mentioned for consumption (170) to the detriment of mammals (107), reptiles (40) and amphibians (4). Furthermore, in the articles involving the bushmeat trade categories we had 57 species of vertebrates mentioned, with mammals being the most representative in terms of species richness (29), to the detriment of birds (20) and reptiles (8). These data reinforce that birds and mammals have been the groups most used both for consumption and trade in bushmeat in the country's regions, and it is necessary to mitigate the hunting exploitation of these groups. We recorded that socioeconomic, biological, environmental and sociocultural factors were the most cited predictors of the consumption and trade of bushmeat in the articles. We identified that the bushmeat trade chain is dynamic and ramified, made up of several actors, including specialized and diversified hunters, intermediaries, market sellers, market vendors, restaurant owners and final customers. Public markets and open-air fairs were the most cited places for buying and selling wild meat in commerce. CONCLUSIONS In general, our results indicate that we have made significant advances in publications on the consumption and trade of bushmeat in Brazil over the last few years. However, we highlight the need to better understand the patterns of consumption and trade of bushmeat in different regions of the country, as well as the factors associated with the dynamics of the trade chain and uses of wildlife by local communities. We emphasized that a multidimensional understanding of hunting activities is important to face socio-ecological problems and improve the conservation of target species which have continually been explored for uses by populations in different regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Augusto Aragão Silva
- Development and Environment Graduated Program, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Piauí, CEP: 64049-550, Brazil.
| | | | - Felipe Silva Ferreira
- Graduated Program in Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Vale de São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, PE, CEP: 56304-917, Brazil
| | - André Bastos da Silva
- Development and Environment Graduated Program, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Piauí, CEP: 64049-550, Brazil
- State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Coelho Neto, MA, CEP: 65620-000, Brazil
| | - Wedson Medeiros Silva Souto
- Development and Environment Graduated Program, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Piauí, CEP: 64049-550, Brazil
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Solórzano-García B, Link Ospina A, Pérez-Ponce de León G. Molecular data aids pinworm diagnosis in night monkeys (Aotus spp., Primates: Aotidae) with the resurrection of a Trypanoxyuris species (Nematoda: Oxyuridae). Syst Parasitol 2023; 101:1. [PMID: 38105312 PMCID: PMC10725851 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-023-10134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Neotropical primates (Platyrrhines) are commonly parasitized by pinworm nematodes of the genus Trypanoxyuris Vevers, 1923. The taxonomic identity of Trypanoxyuris sampled in night monkeys (Aotus Iliger) has been rather controversial. Two species have been described, namely T. microon (Linstow, 1907) and T. interlabiata (Sandosham, 1950). The latter was synonymized with T. microon considering that the observed morphological differences corresponded to different developmental stages of the nematode rather than to differences between both species. Here, we used an integrative taxonomy approach, based on morphological and molecular data along with host identity, in order to assess the validity of both species. Our results evidenced that these different morphotypes correspond to different and reciprocally monophyletic groups; thus, we propose the resurrection of T. interlabiata. We redescribe both pinworm species using specimens sampled in Aotus monkeys from Colombia and discuss the advantages of combining molecular and morphological data to uncover pinworm diversity, and to understand the potential forces determining the diversification process in pinworms from platyrrhine primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Solórzano-García
- Laboratorio de Parasitología y Medicina de la Conservación, ENES-Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tablaje Catastral N°6998, Carretera Mérida-Tetiz Km. 4.5́, C.P 97357, Municipio de Ucú, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Andrés Link Ospina
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 Nº 18A-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León
- Laboratorio de Parasitología y Medicina de la Conservación, ENES-Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tablaje Catastral N°6998, Carretera Mérida-Tetiz Km. 4.5́, C.P 97357, Municipio de Ucú, Yucatán, Mexico
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Craig JM, Bamba GL, Barba-Montoya J, Hedges SB, Kumar S. Completing a molecular timetree of apes and monkeys. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 3:1284744. [PMID: 38162123 PMCID: PMC10757846 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2023.1284744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The primate infraorder Simiiformes, comprising Old and New World monkeys and apes, includes the most well-studied species on earth. Their most comprehensive molecular timetree, assembled from thousands of published studies, is found in the TimeTree database and contains 268 simiiform species. It is, however, missing 38 out of 306 named species in the NCBI taxonomy for which at least one molecular sequence exists in the NCBI GenBank. We developed a three-pronged approach to expanding the timetree of Simiiformes to contain 306 species. First, molecular divergence times were searched and found for 21 missing species in timetrees published across 15 studies. Second, untimed molecular phylogenies were searched and scaled to time using relaxed clocks to add four more species. Third, we reconstructed ten new timetrees from genetic data in GenBank, allowing us to incorporate 13 more species. Finally, we assembled the most comprehensive molecular timetree of Simiiformes containing all 306 species for which any molecular data exists. We compared the species divergence times with those previously imputed using statistical approaches in the absence of molecular data. The latter data-less imputed times were not significantly correlated with those derived from the molecular data. Also, using phylogenies containing imputed times produced different trends of evolutionary distinctiveness and speciation rates over time than those produced using the molecular timetree. These results demonstrate that more complete clade-specific timetrees can be produced by analyzing existing information, which we hope will encourage future efforts to fill in the missing taxa in the global timetree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M. Craig
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Biodiversity, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Grace L. Bamba
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Biodiversity, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jose Barba-Montoya
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - S. Blair Hedges
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Biodiversity, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Biodiversity, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Rodriguez RD, Tavares MC, Brucki SM, Takada LT, Otaduy MC, da Graça Morais Martin M, Suemoto C, Grinberg L, Leite C, Tomaz C, Nitrini R. Bearded capuchin monkey as a model for Alzheimer's disease research. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3495799. [PMID: 38106066 PMCID: PMC10723548 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3495799/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The absence of a natural animal model is one of the main challenges in Alzheimer's disease research. Despite the challenges of using non-human primates in studies, they can bridge mouse models and humans, as non-human primates are phylogenetically close to humans and can spontaneously develop AD-type pathology. The capuchin monkey, a New World primate, has recently attracted attention due to its skill in creating and using instruments. We analyzed three capuchin brains using structural 7T MRI and neuropathological evaluation. Alzheimer-type pathology was found in one case. Widespread β-amyloid pathology mainly in the form of focal deposits with variable morphology and high density of mature plaques. Noteworthy, plaque-associated dystrophic neurites, associated with disrupted of axonal transport and early cytoskeletal alteration, were frequently found. Unlike other species of New World monkeys, cerebral arterial angiopathy was not the predominant form of β-amyloid pathology. Additionally, abnormal aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau, resembling neurofibrillary pathology, were observed in the temporal and frontal cortex. Besides, astrocyte hypertrophy surrounding plaques was found, suggesting a neuroinflammatory response. Aged capuchin monkeys can spontaneously develop Alzheimer-type pathology, indicating that they may be an advantageous animal model for research in Alzheimer's disease.
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Stewart BM, Joyce MM, Creeggan J, Eccles S, Gerwing MG, Turner SE. Primates and disability: Behavioral flexibility and implications for resilience to environmental change. Am J Primatol 2023:e23579. [PMID: 38050800 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Congenital malformations, conditions, injuries, and illness can lead to long-term physical impairment and disability in nonhuman primates. How individual primates change their behaviors flexibly to compensate for their disabilities can inform our understanding of their resilience and ability to adjust to environmental change. Here, we synthesize the literature on nonhuman primates and disability, addressing the questions: how does disability influence behavior in primates? What insights can we take from the literature to better understand and predict the capacity of primates to modify their behaviors in the face of human-induced environmental change? We conducted a systematic review of the literature on spontaneous physical impairment and disability in captive, free-ranging, and wild primates. We surveyed 2807 articles on Web of Science and Scopus and identified 114 studies that fit our predetermined inclusion criteria. Behavioral plasticity, maternal and conspecific care, and the potential for innovation of novel behaviors allow many primates with disabilities to compensate when faced with challenges that are outside the scope of usual circumstances. We also found that 60% of the publications connected primate physical impairment and disability to human activities, suggesting an entangled relationship among humans, the environment, and primate disability. Disability and physical impairments provide an opportunity to examine how primates modify their behavior when presented with challenging conditions, and their potential resilience to a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brogan M Stewart
- Department of Geography, Planning, and Environment, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Megan M Joyce
- Department of Geography, Planning, and Environment, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jack Creeggan
- Department of Geography, Planning, and Environment, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Eccles
- Department of Geography, Planning, and Environment, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mikaela G Gerwing
- Department of Geography, Planning, and Environment, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah E Turner
- Department of Geography, Planning, and Environment, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Werner CS, Kasan K, Geyer JK, Elmasri M, Farrell MJ, Nunn CL. Using phylogeographic link-prediction in primates to prioritize human parasite screening. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 182:583-594. [PMID: 38384356 PMCID: PMC10878720 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The ongoing risk of emerging infectious disease has renewed calls for understanding the origins of zoonoses and identifying future zoonotic disease threats. Given their close phylogenetic relatedness and geographic overlap with humans, non-human primates (NHPs) have been the source of many infectious diseases throughout human evolution. NHPs harbor diverse parasites, with some infecting only a single host species while others infect species from multiple families. Materials and Methods We applied a novel link-prediction method to predict undocumented instances of parasite sharing between humans and NHPs. Our model makes predictions based on phylogenetic distances and geographic overlap among NHPs and humans in six countries with high NHP diversity: Columbia, Brazil, Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, China and Indonesia. Results Of the 899 human parasites documented in the Global Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Network (GIDEON) database for these countries, 12% were shared with at least one other NHP species. The link prediction model identified an additional 54 parasites that are likely to infect humans but were not reported in GIDEON. These parasites were mostly host generalists, yet their phylogenetic host breadth varied substantially. Discussion As human activities and populations encroach on NHP habitats, opportunities for parasite sharing between human and non-human primates will continue to increase. Our study identifies specific infectious organisms to monitor in countries with high NHP diversity, while the comparative analysis of host generalism, parasite taxonomy, and transmission mode provides insights to types of parasites that represent high zoonotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney S. Werner
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Koray Kasan
- Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Julie K. Geyer
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mohamad Elmasri
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maxwell J. Farrell
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles L. Nunn
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Dai Y, Li D. Climate change and anthropogenic activities shrink the range and dispersal of an endangered primate in Sichuan Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:122921-122933. [PMID: 37979118 PMCID: PMC10724096 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is a rare and endemic species in China. The population of golden snub-nosed monkeys in Sichuan Province has an isolated genetic status, large population size, and low genetic diversity, making it highly vulnerable to environmental changes. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential impact of climate and land-use changes on the distribution and dispersal paths of the species in Sichuan Province. We used three general circulation models (GCMs), three greenhouse gas emission scenarios, and three land-use change scenarios suitable for China to predict the potential distributions of the golden snub-nosed monkey in the current and 2070s using the MaxEnt model. The dispersal paths were identified by the circuit theory. Our results suggested that the habitats of the golden snub-nosed monkey were reduced under all three GCM scenarios. The suitable habitats for the golden snub-nosed monkey would be reduced by 82.67%, 82.47%, and 75.17% under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively, compared to the currently suitable habitat area. Additionally, we found that the density of future dispersal paths of golden snub-nosed monkeys would decrease, and the dispersal resistance would increase. Therefore, relevant wildlife protection agencies should prioritize the climatically suitable distributions and key dispersal paths of golden snub-nosed monkeys to improve their conservation. We identified key areas for habitat preservation and increased habitat connectivity under climate change, which could serve as a reference for future adaptation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchuan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan Province, China
- Institute for Ecology and Environmental Resources, Research Center for Ecological Security and Green Development, Chongqing Academy of Social Sciences, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Dayong Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan Province, China.
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Enari H, Enari HS. Bioacoustic monitoring to determine addiction levels of primates to the human sphere: A feasibility study on Japanese macaques. Am J Primatol 2023; 85:e23558. [PMID: 37781937 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Some nonhuman primate species, whose original habitats have been reclaimed by artificial activities, have acquired boldness toward humans which is evident based on the diminished frequency of escape behaviors. Eventually, such species have become regular users of human settlements, and are referred to as "urban primates." Considering this, we developed a noninvasive technique based on bioacoustics to provide a transparent assessment of troop addiction levels in anthropogenic environments, which are determined by the dependence on agricultural crops and human living sphere for their diets and daily ranging, respectively. We attempted to quantify the addiction levels based on the boldness of troops when raiding settlements, characterized by a "landscape of fear" because of the presence of humans as predators. We hypothesized that the boldness of troops could be measured using two indices: the frequency of raiding events on settlements and the amount of time spent there. For hypothesis testing, we devised an efficient method to measure these two indices using sound cues (i.e., spontaneous calls) for tracing troop movements that are obtainable throughout the day from most primate species (e.g., contact calls). We conducted a feasibility study of this assessment procedure, targeting troops of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). For this study, we collected 346 recording weeks of data using autonomous recorders from 24 troops with different addiction levels during the nonsnowy seasons. The results demonstrated that troops that reached the threshold level, at which radical interventions including mass culling of troop members is officially permitted, could be readily identified based on the following behavioral characteristics: troop members raiding settlements two or three times per week and mean time spent in settlements per raiding event exceeding 0.4 h. Thus, bioacoustic monitoring could become a valid option to ensure the objectivity of policy judgment in urban primate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Enari
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Haruka S Enari
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
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