1
|
Fujimoto Y. Formation, Structure, Electronic, and Transport Properties of Nitrogen Defects in Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:1172. [PMID: 39337832 PMCID: PMC11434441 DOI: 10.3390/mi15091172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The substitutional doping of nitrogen is an efficient way to modulate the electronic properties of graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Therefore, it could enhance their physical and chemical properties as well as offer potential applications. This paper provides an overview of the experimental and theoretical investigations regarding nitrogen-doped graphene and CNTs. The formation of various nitrogen defects in nitrogen-doped graphene and CNTs, which are identified by several observations, is reviewed. The electronic properties and transport characteristics for nitrogen-doped graphene and CNTs are also reviewed for the development of high-performance electronic device applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee DY, Nam J, Lee GY, Lee I, Jang AR, Kim KS. Conveyor CVD to high-quality and productivity of large-area graphene and its potentiality. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:32. [PMID: 39143453 PMCID: PMC11324640 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The mass production of high-quality graphene is required for industrial application as a future electronic material. However, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) systems previously studied for graphene production face bottlenecks in terms of quality, speed, and reproducibility. Herein, we report a novel conveyor CVD system that enables rapid graphene synthesis using liquid precursors. Pristine and nitrogen-doped graphene samples of a size comparable to a smartphone (15 cm × 5 cm) are successfully synthesized at temperatures of 900, 950, and 1000 °C using butane and pyridine, respectively. Raman spectroscopy allows optimization of the rapid-synthesis conditions to achieve uniformity and high quality. By conducting compositional analysis via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as electrical characterization, it is confirmed that graphene synthesis and nitrogen doping degree can be adjusted by varying the synthesis conditions. Testing the corresponding graphene samples as gas-sensor channels for NH3 and NO2 and evaluating their response characteristics show that the gas sensors exhibit polar characteristics in terms of gas adsorption and desorption depending on the type of gas, with contrasting characteristics depending on the presence or absence of nitrogen doping; nitrogen-doped graphene exhibits superior gas-sensing sensitivity and response speed compared with pristine graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungtae Nam
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Yong Lee
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Imbok Lee
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Rang Jang
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keun Soo Kim
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kundu J, Kwon T, Lee K, Choi S. Exploration of metal-free 2D electrocatalysts toward the oxygen electroreduction. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20220174. [PMID: 39175883 PMCID: PMC11335471 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of economical and readily available electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) holds paramount importance in the advancement of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Recently, 2D non-metallic materials have obtained substantial attention as viable alternatives for ORR catalysts due to their manifold advantages, encompassing low cost, ample availability, substantial surface-to-volume ratio, high conductivity, exceptional durability, and competitive activity. The augmented ORR performances observed in metal-free 2D materials typically arise from heteroatom doping, defects, or the formation of heterostructures. Here, the authors delve into the realm of electrocatalysts for the ORR, pivoting around metal-free 2D materials. Initially, the merits of metal-free 2D materials are explored and the reaction mechanism of the ORR is dissected. Subsequently, a comprehensive survey of diverse metal-free 2D materials is presented, tracing their evolutionary journey from fundamental concepts to pragmatic applications in the context of ORR. Substantial importance is given on the exploration of various strategies for enhancing metal-free 2D materials and assessing their impact on inherent material performance, including electronic properties. Finally, the challenges and future prospects that lie ahead for metal-free 2D materials are underscored, as they aspire to serve as efficient ORR electrocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyjit Kundu
- Department of Chemistry and Green‐Nano Materials Research CenterKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic SciencesIncheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Kwangyeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural SciencesKorea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Il Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Green‐Nano Materials Research CenterKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Narayan J, Bezborah K. Recent advances in the functionalization, substitutional doping and applications of graphene/graphene composite nanomaterials. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13413-13444. [PMID: 38660531 PMCID: PMC11041312 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials have emerged as advanced carbon functional materials with specialized unique electronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. These properties have made graphene an exceptional material for a wide range of promising applications in biological and non-biological fields. The present review illustrates the structural modifications of pristine graphene resulting in a wide variety of derivatives. The significance of substitutional doping with alkali-metals, alkaline earth metals, and III-VII group elements apart from the transition metals of the periodic table is discussed. The paper reviews various chemical and physical preparation routes of graphene, its derivatives and graphene-based nanocomposites at room and elevated temperatures in various solvents. The difficulty in dispersing it in water and organic solvents make it essential to functionalize graphene and its derivatives. Recent trends and advances are discussed at length. Controlled reduction reactions in the presence of various dopants leading to nanocomposites along with suitable surfactants essential to enhance its potential applications in the semiconductor industry and biological fields are discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Narayan
- Synthetic Nanochemistry Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences & Social Sciences, (Chemistry Division) School of Technology, North Eastern Hill University Shillong 793022 Meghalaya India
| | - Kangkana Bezborah
- Synthetic Nanochemistry Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences & Social Sciences, (Chemistry Division) School of Technology, North Eastern Hill University Shillong 793022 Meghalaya India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Esmaeili A, Keivanimehr F, Mokhtarian M, Habibzadeh S, Abida O, Moghaddamian M. 2D Ni 2P/N-doped graphene heterostructure as a Novel electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction: A computational study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27133. [PMID: 38500970 PMCID: PMC10945142 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The main prerequisite for designing electrocatalysts with favorable performance is to examine the links between electronic structural features and catalytic activity. In this work, Ni2P as a model electrocatalyst and one of the most potent catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was utilized to develop various Ni2P and carbon-based (graphene and N-doped graphene) heterostructures. The characteristics of such structures (Ni2P, graphene, N-doped graphene, Ni2P/graphene, and Ni2P/N-doped graphene), including binding energies, the projected density of states (PDOS), band structure, charge density difference, charge transfer, Hirshfeld charge analysis, and minimum-energy path (MEP) towards HER were calculated and analyzed by density functional theory (DFT) approach. The coupling energy values of hybrid systems were correlated with the magnitude of charge transfer. The main factors driving a promising water-splitting reaction were explained by the data of PDOS, band structures, and charge analysis, including the inherent electronegativity of the N species alongside shifting the Fermi level toward the conductive band. It was also shown that a significant drop occurs in the HER energy barrier on Ni2P/graphene compared to the pristine Ni2P due to N doping on the graphene layer in the Ni2P/N-doped graphene heterostructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Esmaeili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering Technology and Industrial Trades, College of the North Atlantic - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Farhad Keivanimehr
- Surface Reaction and Advanced Energy Materials Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mokhtarian
- Surface Reaction and Advanced Energy Materials Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Habibzadeh
- Surface Reaction and Advanced Energy Materials Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Otman Abida
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, 70000, Morocco
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xuan W, Liu YH, Chen SY, Dyer MS, Chen HYT. Unveiling the Morphology of Carbon-Supported Ru Nanoparticles by Multiscale Modeling. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2689-2697. [PMID: 38285690 PMCID: PMC10921456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Simulating the behavior of metal nanoparticles on supports is crucial for boosting their catalytic performance and various nanotechnology applications; however, such simulations are limited by the conflicts between accuracy and efficiency. Herein, we introduce a multiscale modeling strategy to unveil the morphology of Ru supported on pristine and N-doped graphene. Our multiscale modeling started with the electronic structures of a supported Ru single atom, revealing the strong metal-support interaction around pyridinic nitrogen sites. To determine the stable configurations of Ru2-13 clusters on three different graphene supports, global energy minimum searches were performed. The sintering of the global minimum Ru13 clusters on supports was further simulated by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). The AIMD data set was then collected for deep potential molecular dynamics to study the melting of Ru nanoparticles. This study presents comprehensive descriptions of carbon-supported Ru and develops modeling approaches that bridge different scales and can be applied to various supported nanoparticle systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenye Xuan
- Department
of Engineering and System Science, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- School
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Hao Liu
- Department
of Engineering and System Science, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Chen
- Energy
Catalyst Technology Group, Energy Process Research Institute (EPRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Matthew S. Dyer
- School
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- Materials
Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Hsin-Yi Tiffany Chen
- Department
of Engineering and System Science, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- College
of Semiconductor Research, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shen X, Wang Z, Gao XJ, Gao X. Reaction Mechanisms and Kinetics of Nanozymes: Insights from Theory and Computation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2211151. [PMID: 36641629 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
"Nanozymes" usually refers to inorganic nanomaterials with enzyme-like catalytic activities. The research into nanozymes is one of the hot topics on the horizon of interdisciplinary science involving materials, chemistry, and biology. Although great progress has been made in the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of nanozymes, the study of the underlying microscopic mechanisms and kinetics is still not straightforward. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations compute the potential energy surfaces along the reaction coordinates for chemical reactions, which can give atomistic-level insights into the micro-mechanisms and kinetics for nanozymes. Therefore, DFT calculations have been playing an increasingly important role in exploring the mechanisms and kinetics for nanozymes in the past years. The calculations either predict the microscopic details for the catalytic processes to complement the experiments or further develop theoretical models to depict the physicochemical rules. In this review, the corresponding research progress is summarized. Particularly, the review focuses on the computational studies that closely interplay with the experiments. The relevant experimental results without DFT calculations will be also briefly discussed to offer a historic overview of how the computations promote the understanding of the microscopic mechanisms and kinetics of nanozymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xuejiao J Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xingfa Gao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Parambath JBM, Abla F, Arooj M, Mohamed AA. Doping matters in carbon nanomaterial efficiency in environmental remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:124921-124933. [PMID: 36609974 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25147-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are rapidly emerging in materials science research due to their widespread environmental applications. They are useful for environmental pollutants' remediation through various methods. Heteroatom doping resulted in reliable approaches to overcome pristine CNMs challenges. The engineering of the dopants is believed to be a promising route to improve the efficiency of CNMs in environmental remediation. The idea of doping has been attractive since it allows the control of electronic properties due to the electron transfer between dopants and the host material and the dopants along with the bonding between analogous atoms and carbon atoms. This mini-review, through computational and experimental studies, puts special emphasis on the role of doping different CNMs as an efficient approach to enhance the environmental remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javad B M Parambath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatima Abla
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahreen Arooj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Morais WP, Inacio GJ, Amorim RG, Paz WS, Pansini FNN, de Souza FAL. Topological line defects in hexagonal SiC monolayer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 38037394 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04267g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Defect engineering of two-dimensional (2D) materials offers an unprecedented route to increase their functionality and broaden their applicability. In light of the recent synthesis of the 2D Silicon Carbide (SiC), a deep understanding of the effect of defects on the physical and chemical properties of this new SiC allotrope becomes highly desirable. This study investigates 585 extended line defects (ELDs) in hexagonal SiC considering three types of interstitial atom pairs (SiSi-, SiC-, and CC-ELD) and using computational methods like Density Functional Theory, Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics, and Kinetic Monte-Carlo (KMC). Results show that the formation of all ELD systems is endothermic, with the CC-ELD structure showing the highest stability at 300 K. To further characterize the ELDs, simulated scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is employed, and successfully allow identify and distinguish the three types of ELDs. Although pristine SiC has a direct band gap of 2.48 eV, the presence of ELDs introduces mid-gap states derived from the pz orbitals at the defect sites. Furthermore, our findings reveal that the ELD region displays enhanced reactivity towards hydrogen adsorption, which was confirmed by KMC simulations. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the structural, electronic, and reactivity properties of ELDs in hexagonal SiC monolayers and paves the way for potential applications in areas such as catalysis, optoelectronics, and surface science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wallace P Morais
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Guilherme J Inacio
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G Amorim
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Volta Redonda/RJ, Brazil
| | - Wendel S Paz
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Fernando N N Pansini
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu S, Zheng D, Zhao L, Zhao X, Chen X. Rare Earth Metal Anchored into Nitrogen-Doped Graphene for CO 2 Electrocatalytic Reduction to C1 Products. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:14748-14757. [PMID: 37787646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are attracting global attention due to their 100% atomic utilization rate and unique properties. Rare-earth-based SACs have shown great potential in the field of electrocatalysis in recent years. In this study, the catalytic performance of four rare earth metals (REMs) anchored into N-graphene for the CO2RR is systematically studied by density functional theory. The calculation results of formation energy show that all REM@N6-G compounds have favorable stability. In addition, the Gibbs free energy calculation results of all possible elementary reactions show that the *OCHO pathway is the optimal hydrogenation pathway for all catalysts, and they have the same potential determining step (*OCHO + e- + H+ → *HCOOH). Meanwhile, the products of the CO2RR on these catalysts are different, and the product on REM@N6-G (REM = La, Pr, and Nd) is CH4, while the product on Ce@N6-G is CH3OH. In particular, Nd@N6-G exhibits the best catalytic activity in this work, with a very low limiting potential of -0.38 V. These results may guide the development of rare-earth-based SACs for CO2RR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siying Liu
- Center for Computational Chemistry and Molecular Simulation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Desheng Zheng
- School of Computer Science, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Center for Computational Chemistry and Molecular Simulation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Xiuyun Zhao
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Xin Chen
- Center for Computational Chemistry and Molecular Simulation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yin R, Wang Z, Tan S, Ma C, Wang B. On-Surface Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons with Atomically Precise Structural Heterogeneities and On-Site Characterizations. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17610-17623. [PMID: 37666005 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are strips of graphene, with widths of a few nanometers, that are promising candidates for future applications in nanodevices and quantum information processing due to their highly tunable structure-dependent electronic, spintronic, topological, and optical properties. Implantation of periodic structural heterogeneities, such as heteroatoms, nanopores, and non-hexagonal rings, has become a powerful manner for tailoring the designer properties of GNRs. The bottom-up synthesis approach, by combining on-surface chemical reactions based on rationally designed molecular precursors and in situ tip-based microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, promotes the construction of atomically precise GNRs with periodic structural modulations. However, there are still obstacles and challenges lying on the way toward the understanding of the intrinsic structure-property relations, such as the strong screening and Fermi level pinning effect of the normally used transition metal substrates and the lack of collective tip-based techniques that can cover multi-internal degrees of freedom of the GNRs. In this Perspective, we briefly review the recent progress in the on-surface synthesis of GNRs with diverse structural heterogeneities and highlight the structure-property relations as characterized by the noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. We furthermore motivate to deliver the need for developing strategies to achieve quasi-freestanding GNRs and for exploiting multifunctional tip-based techniques to collectively probe the intrinsic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoting Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhengya Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shijing Tan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Chuanxu Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun C, Xu X, Gui C, Chen F, Wang Y, Chen S, Shao M, Wang J. High-Quality Epitaxial N Doped Graphene on SiC with Tunable Interfacial Interactions via Electron/Ion Bridges for Stable Lithium-Ion Storage. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:202. [PMID: 37596510 PMCID: PMC10439101 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the interfacial interaction in SiC-based anode materials is crucial to the accomplishment of higher energy capacities and longer cycle lives for lithium-ion storage. In this paper, atomic-scale tunable interfacial interaction is achieved by epitaxial growth of high-quality N doped graphene (NG) on SiC (NG@SiC). This well-designed NG@SiC heterojunction demonstrates an intrinsic electric field with intensive interfacial interaction, making it an ideal prototype to thoroughly understand the configurations of electron/ion bridges and the mechanisms of interatomic electron migration. Both density functional theory (DFT) analysis and electrochemical kinetic analysis reveal that these intriguing electron/ion bridges can control and tailor the interfacial interaction via the interfacial coupled chemical bonds, enhancing the interfacial charge transfer kinetics and preventing pulverization/aggregation. As a proof-of-concept study, this well-designed NG@SiC anode shows good reversible capacity (1197.5 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g-1) and cycling durability with 76.6% capacity retention at 447.8 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at 10.0 A g-1. As expected, the lithium-ion full cell (LiFePO4/C//NG@SiC) shows superior rate capability and cycling stability. This interfacial interaction tailoring strategy via epitaxial growth method provides new opportunities for traditional SiC-based anodes to achieve high-performance lithium-ion storage and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changlong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Cenlin Gui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuzhou Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yian Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengzhou Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhua Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiahai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang YR, Pu NW, Wu GM, Liu YM, Lin MH, Kwong YL, Li SC, Chang JK, Ger MD. Study on the Application of Nitrogen-Doped Holey Graphene in Supercapacitors with Organic Electrolyte. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101640. [PMID: 37242056 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a facile low-cost method to produce nitrogen-doped holey graphene (N-HGE) and its application to supercapacitors. A composite of N-HGE and activated carbon (AC) was used as the electrode active material in organic-electrolyte supercapacitors, and the performances were evaluated. Melamine was mixed into graphite oxide (GO) as the N source, and an ultra-rapid heating method was used to create numerous holes during the reduction process of GO. X-ray photoelectron spectra confirmed the successful doping with 2.9-4.5 at.% of nitrogen on all samples. Scanning electron micrographs and Raman spectra revealed that a higher heating rate resulted in more holes and defects on the reduced graphene sheets. An extra annealing step at 1000 °C for 1 h was carried out to further eliminate residual oxygen functional groups, which are undesirable in the organic electrolyte system. Compared to the low-heating-rate counterpart (N-GE-15), N-HGE boosted the specific capacity of the supercapacitor by 42 and 22% at current densities of 0.5 and 20 A/g, respectively. The effects of annealing time (0.5, 1, and 2 h) at 1000 °C were also studied. Longer annealing time resulted in higher capacitance values at all current densities due to the minimized oxygen content. Volumetric specific capacitances of 49 and 24 F/cm3 were achieved at current densities of 0.5 and 20 A/g, respectively. For the high-power-density operation at 31,000 W/kg (or 10,000 W/L), an energy density as high as 11 Wh/kg (or 3.5 Wh/L) was achieved. The results indicated that N-HGE not only improved the conductivity of the composite supercapacitors but also accelerated ion transport by way of shortened diffusion paths through the numerous holes all over the graphene sheets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ren Huang
- Department of Applied Science, R.O.C. Naval Academy, Zuoying, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Nen-Wen Pu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Zhongli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Min Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Zhongli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ming Liu
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Dasi, Taoyuan 335, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Lin
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Dasi, Taoyuan 335, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Le Kwong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Zhongli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Siou-Cheng Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Zhongli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Kuei Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Ger
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Dasi, Taoyuan 335, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Y, Wang B, Wang HF, Tang C. Kinetic-enhanced carbon fiber for rechargeable zinc-air batteries. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:041101. [PMID: 36725517 DOI: 10.1063/5.0135513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-free catalysts are made by the elements with infinite reserve in nature and, therefore, show the potential for large-scale applications in energy devices including metal-air batteries. The construction of metal-air batteries prefers using self-supporting catalysts with favorable activity as well as fast kinetics. However, it is challenging due to the limited electropositivity of metal-free catalysts for O-O bond formation in oxygen evolution reaction (OER), scaling relationship restrictions between OER and oxygen reduction reaction, and difficulty in porosity construction on the monolith electrode surface. In this contribution, through developing a facile methodology of quenching high-temperature carbon clothes in liquid nitrogen, a self-supported carbon cloth with bifunctional active graphene skin and fast kinetics is well constructed to serve as the air cathode in metal-air batteries. Regulated oxygen species and three-dimensionally hierarchical porosity are well constructed on the carbon fiber surfaces, contributing high intrinsic activity and prominently enhanced kinetics, which leads to favorable performances in aqueous as well as flexible rechargeable zinc-air batteries. The work proposed a promising strategy in the rational design and smart synthesis of fast-kinetic monolith electrodes, which refreshes concepts and strategies of advanced material fabrication, and also bridges material science and practical energy devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao-Fan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lepre E, Rat S, Cavedon C, Seeberger PH, Pieber B, Antonietti M, López-Salas N. Catalytic Properties of High Nitrogen Content Carbonaceous Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211663. [PMID: 36303469 PMCID: PMC10107103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The influence of structural modifications on the catalytic activity of carbon materials is poorly understood. A collection of carbonaceous materials with different pore networks and high nitrogen content was characterized and used to catalyze four reactions to deduce structure-activity relationships. The CO2 cycloaddition and Knoevenagel reaction depend on Lewis basic sites (electron-rich nitrogen species). The absence of large conjugated carbon domains resulting from the introduction of large amounts of nitrogen in the carbon network is responsible for poor redox activity, as observed through the catalytic reduction of nitrobenzene with hydrazine and the catalytic oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine using hydroperoxide. The material with the highest activity towards Lewis acid catalysis (in the hydrolysis of (dimethoxymethyl)benzene to benzaldehyde) is the most effective for small molecule activation and presents the highest concentration of electron-poor nitrogen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Lepre
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sylvain Rat
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Cristian Cavedon
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nieves López-Salas
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Zhu X, Wu Y, Man Z, Wen X, Lü Z. Boosting the kinetics with graphene quantum dots (GQDs)-decorated NiCo2O4 nanosheets towards high-performance Li-O2 batteries. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
17
|
Tanabe Y, Ito Y, Sugawara K, Jeong S, Ohto T, Nishiuchi T, Kawada N, Kimura S, Aleman CF, Takahashi T, Kotani M, Chen M. Coexistence of Urbach-Tail-Like Localized States and Metallic Conduction Channels in Nitrogen-Doped 3D Curved Graphene. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205986. [PMID: 36208073 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) doping is one of the most effective approaches to tailor the chemical and physical properties of graphene. By the interplay between N dopants and 3D curvature of graphene lattices, N-doped 3D graphene displays superior performance in electrocatalysis and solar-energy harvesting for energy and environmental applications. However, the electrical transport properties and the electronic states, which are the key factors to understand the origins of the N-doping effect in 3D graphene, are still missing. The electronic properties of N-doped 3D graphene are systematically investigated by an electric-double-layer transistor method. It is demonstrated that Urbach-tail-like localized states are located around the neutral point of N-doped 3D graphene with the background metallic transport channels. The dual nature of electronic states, generated by the synergistic effect of N dopants and 3D curvature of graphene, can be the electronic origin of the high electrocatalysis, enhanced molecular adsorption, and light absorption of N-doped 3D graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Tanabe
- Department of Applied Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ito
- Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Sugawara
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Samuel Jeong
- Institute of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ohto
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Naoaki Kawada
- Department of Applied Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Shojiro Kimura
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Takahashi
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Motoko Kotani
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Mathematical Institute, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wan Q, Guo H, Lin S. Corrugation-Induced Active Sites on Pristine Graphene for H 2 Activation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou350002, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico87131, United States
| | - Sen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Degradation of phenolic pollutants by persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes: metal and carbon-based catalysis. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2022-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Wastewater recycling is a solution to address the global water shortage. Phenols are major pollutants in wastewater, and they are toxic even at very low concentrations. Advanced oxidation process (AOP) is an emerging technique for the effective degradation and mineralization of phenols into water. Herein, we aim at giving an insight into the current state of the art in persulfate-based AOP for the oxidation of phenols using metal/metal-oxide and carbon-based materials. Special attention has been paid to the design strategies of high-performance catalysts, and their advantages and drawbacks are discussed. Finally, the key challenges that govern the implementation of persulfate-based AOP catalysts in water purification, in terms of cost and environmental friendliness, are summarized and possible solutions are proposed. This work is expected to help the selection of the optimal strategy for treating phenol emissions in real scenarios.
Collapse
|
20
|
Telychko M, Noori K, Biswas H, Dulal D, Chen Z, Lyu P, Li J, Tsai HZ, Fang H, Qiu Z, Yap ZW, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Wu J, Loh KP, Crommie MF, Rodin A, Lu J. Gate-Tunable Resonance State and Screening Effects for Proton-Like Atomic Charge in Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8422-8429. [PMID: 36214509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to create a robust and well-defined artificial atomic charge in graphene and understand its carrier-dependent electronic properties represents an important goal toward the development of graphene-based quantum devices. Herein, we devise a new pathway toward the atomically precise embodiment of point charges into a graphene lattice by posterior (N) ion implantation into a back-gated graphene device. The N dopant behaves as an in-plane proton-like charge manifested by formation of the characteristic resonance state in the conduction band. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements at varied charge carrier densities reveal a giant energetic renormalization of the resonance state up to 220 meV with respect to the Dirac point, accompanied by the observation of gate-tunable long-range screening effects close to individual N dopants. Joint density functional theory and tight-binding calculations with modified perturbation potential corroborate experimental findings and highlight the short-range character of N-induced perturbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Telychko
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Keian Noori
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hillol Biswas
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
| | - Dikshant Dulal
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, 138527, Singapore
| | - Zhaolong Chen
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Pin Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jing Li
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hsin-Zon Tsai
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley94720, California, United States
| | - Hanyan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhizhan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhun Wai Yap
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, 138527, Singapore
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba305-0044, Japan
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore138634, Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Michael F Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley94720, California, United States
| | - Aleksandr Rodin
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, 138527, Singapore
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Susi T. Identifying and manipulating single atoms with scanning transmission electron microscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12274-12285. [PMID: 36260089 PMCID: PMC9632407 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04807h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of individual atoms has developed from visionary speculation into an established experimental science. Using focused electron irradiation in a scanning transmission electron microscope instead of a physical tip in a scanning probe microscope confers several benefits, including thermal stability of the manipulated structures, the ability to reach into bulk crystals, and the chemical identification of single atoms. However, energetic electron irradiation also presents unique challenges, with an inevitable possibility of irradiation damage. Understanding the underlying mechanisms will undoubtedly continue to play an important role to guide experiments. Great progress has been made in several materials including graphene, carbon nanotubes, and crystalline silicon in the eight years since the discovery of electron-beam manipulation, but the important challenges that remain will determine how far we can expect to progress in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toma Susi
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang C, Wang H, Tian Q, Zong J, Xie X, Chen W, Zhang Y, Wang K, Qiu X, Wang L, Li F, Zhang H, Zhang Y. Suppression of Intervalley Coupling in Graphene via Potassium Doping. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9396-9403. [PMID: 36190902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The quantum interference patterns induced by impurities in graphene can form the (√3 × √3)R30° superlattice with intervalley scattering. This superlattice can lead to the folded Dirac cone at the center of Brillouin zone by coupling two non-equivalent valleys. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we report the observation of suppression of the folded Dirac cone in mono- and bilayer graphene upon potassium doping. The intervalley coupling with chiral symmetry broken can persist upon a light potassium-doped level but be ruined at the heavily doped level. Meanwhile, the folded Dirac cone can be suppressed by the renormalization of the Dirac band with potassium doping. Our results demonstrate that the suppression of the intervalley scattering pattern by potassium doping could pave the way toward the realization of novel chiraltronic devices in superlattice graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiqiang Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Qichao Tian
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu Zong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedong Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongheng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaili Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Qiu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation (Nano-X), Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangsen Li
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation (Nano-X), Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ma R, Wang K, Li C, Wang C, Habibi-Yangjeh A, Shan G. N-doped graphene for electrocatalytic O 2 and CO 2 reduction. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4197-4209. [PMID: 36321144 PMCID: PMC9552757 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00348a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are important approaches to realize energy conversion and sustainable development. However, sluggish reaction kinetics severely hinders the practical application of devices related to these reactions. N-doped graphene (NG) with unique properties exhibits great potential in catalyzing the CO2RR and ORR, which is attributed to the electron redistribution. In this review, we start from the fundamental properties of NG, especially emphasizing the changes caused by N doping. Then the synthetic methods are summarized by classifying them into top-down strategies and bottom-up strategies. Subsequently, the applications of NG in the ORR and CO2RR are discussed and the effects of electronic structure on the electrocatalytic activity are highlighted. Finally, we give our own perspective on the future research direction of NG in the applications of the ORR and CO2RR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruguang Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology 99 Xuefu Road Suzhou 215011 China
| | - Kuikui Wang
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Laboratory of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Basis for State Key Laboratory, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Chunjie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology 99 Xuefu Road Suzhou 215011 China
| | - Chundong Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 PR China
| | - Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Ardabil Iran
| | - Guangcun Shan
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University No. 37 XueYuan Road Beijing 100083 China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yu A, Long W, Zhu L, Zhao Y, Peng P, Li FF. Transformation of postsynthesized F-MOF to Fe/N/F-tridoped carbon nanotubes as oxygen reduction catalysts for high power density Zn-air batteries. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
25
|
Patra J, Pan BR, Lin MH, Su CY, Lee SW, Wu TY, Dhaka RS, Hsieh CT, Chang JK. Nitrogen-doped holey graphene additive for high-performance electric double-layer supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Bhatt MD, Kim H, Kim G. Various defects in graphene: a review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21520-21547. [PMID: 35975063 PMCID: PMC9347212 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01436j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pristine graphene has been considered one of the most promising materials because of its excellent physical and chemical properties. However, various defects in graphene produced during synthesis or fabrication hinder its performance for applications such as electronic devices, transparent electrodes, and spintronic devices. Due to its intrinsic bandgap and nonmagnetic nature, it cannot be used in nanoelectronics or spintronics. Intrinsic and extrinsic defects are ultimately introduced to tailor electronic and magnetic properties and take advantage of their hidden potential. This article emphasizes the current advancement of intrinsic and extrinsic defects in graphene for potential applications. We also discuss the limitations and outlook for such defects in graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heeju Kim
- Hybrid Materials Center, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Korea
| | - Gunn Kim
- Hybrid Materials Center, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li S, Liu M, Wang X, Ye G, Peng Y, Zhao Y, Guan S. High-Quality N-Doped Graphene with Controllable Nitrogen Bonding Configurations Derived from Ionic Liquids. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200192. [PMID: 35714292 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Controllable nitrogen doping is an effective way to regulate the electronic properties of graphene and further to facilitate its wider application. However, the synthesis of high-quality nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) with a controllable nitrogen configuration still faces considerable challenges. In this work, we present for the first time a simple method for the one-step synthesis of NG with ionic liquids (ILs) as precursors, which avoids the defects introduced by secondary doping and simplifies the process. Using 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMIM-dca) as the precursor, we obtained a high-quality NG with few defects (ID /IG is 0.83), nitrogen content (4.11 at%), and graphite-N proportion of 92% at a growth temperature of 1000 °C and field effect transistors (FETs) fabricated on SiO2 /Si substrates using the NG exhibited typical n-type semiconductor behavior in air. Our findings bring more inspiration for the controllable growth of high-quality graphitic N-doped graphene, thereby promoting its application possibilities in numerous fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mincong Liu
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiulian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shiyou Guan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yin Y, Shi L, Zhang S, Duan X, Zhang J, Sun H, Wang S. Two−dimensional nanomaterials confined single atoms: New opportunities for environmental remediation. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
29
|
Bianco GV, Sacchetti A, Grande M, D'Orazio A, Milella A, Bruno G. Effective hole conductivity in nitrogen-doped CVD-graphene by singlet oxygen treatment under photoactivation conditions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8703. [PMID: 35610345 PMCID: PMC9130222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen substitutional doping in the π-basal plane of graphene has been used to modulate the material properties and in particular the transition from hole to electron conduction, thus enlarging the field of potential applications. Depending on the doping procedure, nitrogen moieties mainly include graphitic-N, combined with pyrrolic-N and pyridinic-N. However, pyridine and pyrrole configurations of nitrogen are predominantly introduced in monolayer graphene:N lattice as prepared by CVD. In this study, we investigate the possibility of employing pyridinic-nitrogen as a reactive site as well as activate a reactive center at the adjacent carbon atoms in the functionalized C-N bonds, for additional post reaction like oxidation. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of the graphene:N surface in the production of singlet oxygen (1O2) is fully exploited for the oxidation of the graphene basal plane with the formation of pyridine N-oxide and pyridone structures, both having zwitterion forms with a strong p-doping effect. A sheet resistance value as low as 100 Ω/□ is reported for a 3-layer stacked graphene:N film.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Valerio Bianco
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR‑NANOTEC, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Università Di Bari, via Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Alberto Sacchetti
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR‑NANOTEC, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Università Di Bari, via Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Grande
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR‑NANOTEC, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Università Di Bari, via Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Politecnico Di Bari, via Orabona,4, 70123, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella D'Orazio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Politecnico Di Bari, via Orabona,4, 70123, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Milella
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR‑NANOTEC, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Università Di Bari, via Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Di Bari, via Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bruno
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR‑NANOTEC, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Università Di Bari, via Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang C, Wang Z, Mao S, Chen Z, Wang Y. Coordination environment of active sites and their effect on catalytic performance of heterogeneous catalysts. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
31
|
NiS1−xSex Nanoparticles Anchored on Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide as Highly Stable Anode for Sodium-Ion Battery. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nickel sulfides are regarded as one of the promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), but the sluggish electrodes kinetics and rapid capacity decay, caused by their intrinsic low electrical conductivity and high bulk expansion, greatly limit their practical application. To overcome these obstacles, nano-sized, selenium-doped, nickel sulfide particles, anchored on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide composites (NiS1−xSex@N–rGO), are rationally synthesized. The broad Na+ diffusion channels, resulting from Se doping, as well as the short Na+ transferring path, attributed from nano-size scale of NiS1−xSex particles, endow NiS1−xSex@N–rGO composites with ultrafast storage kinetics. Moreover, strong coupled effect between the NiS1−xSex and N–rGO is beneficial to the uniform dispersion of NiS1−xSex nanoparticles, improving electrical conductivity and suppressing the volume variation in charge/discharge process. Furthermore, the cut-off discharge voltage is modulated to realize the smaller volume change during cycle process. As a result, the fabricated anode of SIBs based on NiS1−xSex@N–rGO composites exhibits a high specific capacity of 300 mAh g−1, at the current density of 1 A g−1, after 1000 cycles with almost no capacity degradation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Zang X, Ferralis N, Grossman JC. Electronic, Structural, and Magnetic Upgrading of Coal-Based Products through Laser Annealing. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2101-2109. [PMID: 35077155 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most coal-to-product routes require complex thermal treatment to carbonize the raw materials. However, the lack of unified comparison of products made from different kinds of coals downplays the role of initial coal chemistry in high-temperature reactions. Here, we used a CO2 laser to investigate the roles that aromatic content and maturity play in the structural evolution and doping of coals during annealing. Results show that a bituminous coal (DECS 19) with aromatic content and maturity in between higher rank, more mature anthracite (DECS 21) and lower rank, lower maturity lignite (DECS 25) leads to more graphite-like structure observed from the highest 2D peak on the Raman spectrum and conductivity (sheet resistance ∼30 ohm sq-1) after lasing. When nitrogen dopants are incorporated with saturated urea dopants into coals through laser ablation, nitrogen preferentially incorporates at the edge sites of graphitic grains. Furthermore, oxide nanoparticles can be incorporated into the graphitic backbone of coal to modify their electronic and magnetic properties through laser annealing. Leveraging tunable magnetic behavior, we demonstrate a soft actuator using both conductive and magnetic coal-Fe/Co oxide. Through laser annealing, we propose a paradigm to understand and control coal chemistry toward flexible and tunable doping and magnetism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xining Zang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nicola Ferralis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lee Y, Chang S, Chen S, Chen S, Chen H. Optical Inspection of 2D Materials: From Mechanical Exfoliation to Wafer-Scale Growth and Beyond. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102128. [PMID: 34716758 PMCID: PMC8728831 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical inspection is a rapid and non-destructive method for characterizing the properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. With the aid of optical inspection, in situ and scalable monitoring of the properties of 2D materials can be implemented industrially to advance the development and progress of 2D material-based devices toward mass production. This review discusses the optical inspection techniques that are available to characterize various 2D materials, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), group-III monochalcogenides, black phosphorus (BP), and group-IV monochalcogenides. First, the authors provide an introduction to these 2D materials and the processes commonly used for their fabrication. Then they review several of the important structural properties of 2D materials, and discuss how to characterize them using appropriate optical inspection tools. The authors also describe the challenges and opportunities faced when applying optical inspection to recently developed 2D materials, from mechanically exfoliated to wafer-scale-grown 2D materials. Most importantly, the authors summarize the techniques available for largely and precisely enhancing the optical signals from 2D materials. This comprehensive review of the current status and perspective of future trends for optical inspection of the structural properties of 2D materials will facilitate the development of next-generation 2D material-based devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang‐Chun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityNo. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt RoadTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Sih‐Wei Chang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityNo. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt RoadTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Shu‐Hsien Chen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityNo. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt RoadTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Shau‐Liang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityNo. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt RoadTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Hsuen‐Li Chen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityNo. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt RoadTaipei10617Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhao Y, Sun Q, Liu X, Li D, Xing S. Cu/Co/CoS2 embedded in S,N doped carbon as highly-efficient oxygen reduction and evolution electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc-air batteries. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01605a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the retarded oxygen reduction and evolution reaction (ORR/OER) in rechargeable metal-air cells in electrochemical energy conversion systems, constructing multiphase nanostructured catalysts is an alternative strategy, where...
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu JJ, Guo FH, Cui FJ, Zhu JH, Liu XY, Ullah A, Wang XC, Quan ZJ. A biomass-derived N-doped porous carbon catalyst for the aerobic dehydrogenation of nitrogen heterocycles. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05411b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
N-doped porous carbon (NC) was synthesized from sugar cane bagasse, which is a sustainable and widely available biomass waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jiang Liu
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
- Gansu Police Vocational College, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Fu-Hu Guo
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Jun Cui
- Gansu Police Vocational College, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Ji-Hua Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Arif Ullah
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Cun Wang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Jun Quan
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Retention Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nguyen V, Etz BD, Pylypenko S, Vyas S. Periodic Trends behind the Stability of Metal Catalysts Supported on Graphene with Graphitic Nitrogen Defects. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28215-28228. [PMID: 34723019 PMCID: PMC8552480 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the fundamental chemical intricacies behind the interactions between metal catalysts and carbon supports with graphitic nitrogen defects. These interactions were probed by examining metal adsorption, specifically, the location of adsorption and the electronic structure of metal catalysts as the basis for the metal-support interactions (MSIs). A computational framework was developed, and a series of 12 transition metals was systematically studied over various graphene models with graphitic nitrogen defect(s). Different modeling approaches served to provide insights into previous MSI computational discrepancies, reviewing both truncated and periodic graphene models. The computational treatment affected the magnitudes of adsorption energies between the metals and support; however, metals generally followed the same trends in their MSI. It was found that the addition of the nitrogen dopant improved the MSI by promoting electronic rearrangement from the metals' d- to s-orbitals for greater orbital overlap with the carbon support, shown with increased favorable adsorption. Furthermore, the study observed periodic trends that were adept descriptors of the MSI fundamental chemistries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vu Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado
School of Mines, 1012
14th Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Brian D. Etz
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado
School of Mines, 1012
14th Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Svitlana Pylypenko
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado
School of Mines, 1012
14th Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Shubham Vyas
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado
School of Mines, 1012
14th Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Witjaksono G, Junaid M, Khir MH, Ullah Z, Tansu N, Saheed MSBM, Siddiqui MA, Ba-Hashwan SS, Algamili AS, Magsi SA, Aslam MZ, Nawaz R. Effect of Nitrogen Doping on the Optical Bandgap and Electrical Conductivity of Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide. Molecules 2021; 26:6424. [PMID: 34770833 PMCID: PMC8588234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene as a material for optoelectronic design applications has been significantly restricted owing to zero bandgap and non-compatible handling procedures compared with regular microelectronic ones. In this work, nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) with tunable optical bandgap and enhanced electrical conductivity was synthesized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The properties of the synthesized N-rGO were determined using XPS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, UV/vis, as well as FESEM techniques. The UV/vis spectroscopic analysis confirmed the narrowness of the optical bandgap from 3.4 to 3.1, 2.5, and 2.2 eV in N-rGO samples, where N-rGO samples were synthesized with a nitrogen doping concentration of 2.80, 4.53, and 5.51 at.%. Besides, an enhanced n-type electrical conductivity in N-rGO was observed in Hall effect measurement. The observed tunable optoelectrical characteristics of N-rGO make it a suitable material for developing future optoelectronic devices at the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunawan Witjaksono
- BRI Institute, Jl. Harsono RM No. 2, Ragunan, Jakarta 12550, Passsar Minggu, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.H.K.); (Z.U.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.B.-H.); (A.S.A.); (S.A.M.); (M.Z.A.)
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Mohd Haris Khir
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.H.K.); (Z.U.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.B.-H.); (A.S.A.); (S.A.M.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Zaka Ullah
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.H.K.); (Z.U.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.B.-H.); (A.S.A.); (S.A.M.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Nelson Tansu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | | | - Muhammad Aadil Siddiqui
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.H.K.); (Z.U.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.B.-H.); (A.S.A.); (S.A.M.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Saeed S. Ba-Hashwan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.H.K.); (Z.U.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.B.-H.); (A.S.A.); (S.A.M.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Abdullah Saleh Algamili
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.H.K.); (Z.U.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.B.-H.); (A.S.A.); (S.A.M.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Saeed Ahmed Magsi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.H.K.); (Z.U.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.B.-H.); (A.S.A.); (S.A.M.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Muhammad Zubair Aslam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.H.K.); (Z.U.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.B.-H.); (A.S.A.); (S.A.M.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Rab Nawaz
- Department of Fundamental Science, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; or
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim J, Lee N, Choi D, Kim DY, Kawai R, Yamada Y. Pentagons and Heptagons on Edges of Graphene Nanoflakes Analyzed by X-ray Photoelectron and Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9955-9962. [PMID: 34617766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Identifying pentagons and heptagons in graphene nanoflake (GNF) structures at the atomic scale is important to completely understand the chemical and physical properties of these materials. Herein, we used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy to analyze the spectral features of GNFs according to the position of pentagons and heptagons introduced onto their zigzag and armchair edges. The XPS peak maxima were shifted to higher binding energies by introducing the pentagons or heptagons on armchair rather than zigzag edges, and the structures could be distinguished depending on the positions of the introduced pentagons or heptagons. Raman spectroscopic analyses also revealed that the position of edges with introduced pentagons or heptagons could also be identified using Raman spectroscopy, with characteristic bands appearing at 800-1200 cm-1, following the introduction of either pentagons or heptagons on armchair edges. This precise spectroscopic identification of pentagons and heptagons in GNFs provides the groundwork for the analysis of graphene-related materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungpil Kim
- Carbon Materials Application Research Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 222 Palbok-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54853, Republic of Korea
| | - Nodo Lee
- Materials & Devices Advanced Research Institute, LG Electronics, 10, Magokjungang-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Duyoung Choi
- Carbon Materials Application Research Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 222 Palbok-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54853, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Ryouhei Kawai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang L, Jiang D, Shan X, Du X, Wei M, Zhang Y, Chen Z. Visible light-driven self-powered aptasensors for ultrasensitive Microcystin-LR detection based on the carrier density effect of N-doped graphene hydrogel/hematite Schottky junctions. Analyst 2021; 146:6220-6227. [PMID: 34523620 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01462e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel visible light-driven self-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC) platform was designed based on 3D N-doped graphene hydrogel/hematite nanocomposites (NGH/Fe2O3) via a facile one-pot hydrothermal route. The coupling NGH with Fe2O3 could generate a Schottky junction, which promoted the separation of charges. Moreover, Mott-Schottky measurements validated that the carrier concentration achieved by NGH/Fe2O3 was about 3.4 × 103 times in comparison to that of pure Fe2O3, which was beneficial for efficient charge transfer. Owing to the carrier density effect and Schottky junction, the photocurrent of the as-fabricated NGH/Fe2O3 nanocomposites was 6.9-fold higher than that of pure Fe2O3. On the basis of such excellent Schottky junctions, an ultrasensitive visible light-induced self-powered PEC aptasensor was developed using a Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) aptamer. The as-fabricated PEC aptasensor displayed good analytical performance toward MC-LR detection in terms of wide linear range (1 pM-5 nM), low detection limit (0.23 pM, S/N = 3), excellent selectivity and high stability. This new strategy can provide a way for regulating nanostructures for more sensitive PEC sensors by increasing the carrier density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Ding Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China. .,Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xueling Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China. .,Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiaojiao Du
- Oakland International Associated Laboratory, School of Photoelectric Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213032, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Yude Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Zhidong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China. .,Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Joucken F, Bena C, Ge Z, Quezada-Lopez E, Pinon S, Kaladzhyan V, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Ferreira A, Velasco J. Direct Visualization of Native Defects in Graphite and Their Effect on the Electronic Properties of Bernal-Stacked Bilayer Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7100-7108. [PMID: 34415771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphite crystals used to prepare graphene-based heterostructures are generally assumed to be defect free. We report here scanning tunneling microscopy results that show graphite commonly used to prepare graphene devices can contain a significant amount of native defects. Extensive scanning of the surface allows us to determine the concentration of native defects to be 6.6 × 108 cm-2. We further study the effects of these native defects on the electronic properties of Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene. We observe gate-dependent intravalley scattering and successfully compare our experimental results to T-matrix-based calculations, revealing a clear carrier density dependence in the distribution of the scattering vectors. We also present a technique for evaluating the spatial distribution of short-scale scattering. Finally, we present a theoretical analysis based on the Boltzmann transport equation that predicts that the dilute native defects identified in our study are an important extrinsic source of scattering, ultimately setting the charge carrier mobility at low temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Joucken
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Cristina Bena
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris Saclay, CEA CNRS, Orme des Merisiers, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Zhehao Ge
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Eberth Quezada-Lopez
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Sarah Pinon
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris Saclay, CEA CNRS, Orme des Merisiers, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Vardan Kaladzhyan
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Aires Ferreira
- Department of Physics and York Centre for Quantum Technologies, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jairo Velasco
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Iannaci A, Ingle S, Domínguez C, Longhi M, Merdrignac-Conanec O, Ababou-Girard S, Barrière F, Colavita PE. Nanoscaffold effects on the performance of air-cathodes for microbial fuel cells: Sustainable Fe/N-carbon electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction under neutral pH conditions. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 142:107937. [PMID: 34474203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured electrocatalysts for microbial fuel cell air-cathodes were obtained via use of conductive carbon blacks for the synthesis of high performing 3D conductive networks. We used two commercially available nanocarbons, Black Pearls 2000 and multiwalled carbon nanotubes, as conductive scaffolds for the synthesis of nanocomposite electrodes by combining: a hydrothermally carbonized resin, a sacrificial polymeric template, a nitrogenated organic precursor and iron centers. The resulting materials are micro-mesoporous, possess high specific surface area and display N-sites (N/C of 3-5 at%) and Fe-centers (Fe/C < 1.5at.%) at the carbon surface as evidenced from characterization methods. Voltammetry studies of oxygen reduction reaction activity were carried out at neutral pH, which is relevant to microbial fuel cell applications, and activity trends are discussed in light of catalyst morphology and composition. Tests of the electrocatalyst using microbial fuel cell devices indicate that optimization of the nanocarbon scaffold for the Pt-free carbon-based electrocatalysts results in maximum power densities that are 25% better than those of Pt/C cathodes, at a fraction of the materials costs. Therefore, the proposed Fe/N-carbon catalysts are promising and sustainable high-performance cathodic materials for microbial fuel cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Iannaci
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Swapnil Ingle
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Carlota Domínguez
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mariangela Longhi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Soraya Ababou-Girard
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Barrière
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Paula E Colavita
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Joucken F, Bena C, Ge Z, Quezada-Lopez EA, Ducastelle F, Tanagushi T, Watanabe K, Velasco J. Sublattice Dependence and Gate Tunability of Midgap and Resonant States Induced by Native Dopants in Bernal-Stacked Bilayer Graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:106401. [PMID: 34533366 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.106401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The properties of semiconductors can be crucially impacted by midgap states induced by dopants, which can be native or intentionally incorporated in the crystal lattice. For Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene (BLG), which has a tunable band gap, the existence of midgap states induced by dopants or adatoms has been investigated theoretically and observed indirectly in electron transport experiments. Here, we characterize BLG midgap states in real space, with atomic-scale resolution with scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. We show that the midgap states in BLG-for which we demonstrate gate tunability-appear when the dopant is hosted on the nondimer sublattice sites. We further evidence the presence of narrow resonances at the onset of the high-energy bands (valence or conduction, depending on the dopant type) when the dopants lie on the dimer sublattice sites. Our results are supported by tight-binding calculations that agree remarkably well with the experimental findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Joucken
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
- Department of Physics, Box 871504, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Cristina Bena
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris Saclay, CEA CNRS, Orme des Merisiers, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Zhehao Ge
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | | | - François Ducastelle
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS, UMR104, Université Paris-Saclay, B.P. 72, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France
| | - Takashi Tanagushi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jairo Velasco
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hu H, Yang Y, Jiang X, Wang J, Cao D, He L, Chen W, Song YF. Double-Shelled Hollow SiO 2 @N-C Nanofiber Boosts the Lithium Storage Performance of [PMo 12 O 40 ] 3. Chemistry 2021; 27:13367-13375. [PMID: 34319625 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polyoxometalates (POMs)-based materials, with high theoretical capacities and abundant reversible multi-electron redox properties, are considered as promising candidates in lithium-ion storage. However, the poor electronic conductivity, low specific surface area and high solubility in the electrolyte limited their practical applications. Herein, a double-shelled hollow PMo12 -SiO2 @N-C nanofiber (PMo12 -SiO2 @N-C, where PMo12 is [PMo12 O40 ]3- , N-C is nitrogen-doped carbon) was fabricated for the first time by combining coaxial electrospinning technique, thermal treatment and electrostatic adsorption. As an anode material for LIBs, the PMo12 -SiO2 @N-C delivered an excellent specific capacity of 1641 mA h g-1 after 1000 cycles under 2 A g-1 . The excellent electrochemical performance benefited from the unique double-shelled hollow structure of the material, in which the outermost N-C shell cannot only hinder the agglomeration of PMo12 , but also improve its electronic conductivity. The SiO2 inner shell can efficiently avoid the loss of active components. The hollow structure can buffer the volume expansion and accelerate Li+ diffusion during lithiation/delithiation process. Moreover, PMo12 can greatly reduce charge-resistance and facilitate electron transfer of the entire composites, as evidenced by the EIS kinetics study and lithium-ion diffusion analysis. This work paves the way for the fabrication of novel POM-based LIBs anode materials with excellent lithium storage performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanbin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dongwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lei He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hussain A, Basit A. A comparative density functional theory study of oxygen doping versus adsorption on graphene to tune its band gap. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 107:107982. [PMID: 34237664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, having a perfect two-dimensional crystal structure, has many excellent features such as a high specific surface area, and extraordinary electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. However, its usage in electronic devices is possible only if band gap of desired value is induced in this gapless semi-metal. Therefore, first principle calculations have been carried out to investigate the role of oxygen (O) doping versus adsorption and, the impurity concentration and coverage to induce band gap in graphene employing PBE at GGA level. The band gap is induced owing to production of vacancies, dissociative adsorption of oxygen, subsituational doping and pre-dissociated oxygen adsorption. It is interesting to note that band gap is introduced by both the processes of doping and adsorption of O. The oxygen doping leads to induction of two energy gaps, smaller in value above and larger below the Fermi level; while adsorption irrespective of adsorption configuration produces single direct gap. Increase both in concentration and coverage leads to enhance band gap value maximum being 1.85 eV in case of hexagonal doping of 12.5% concentration with an exception in adsorption case. The results allow us to conclude that adsorption is as useful as doping to tune the band gap in graphene enabling its applications in designing high performance electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Hussain
- Theoretical Physics Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), 45650, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - A Basit
- Management Information Systems Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), 45650, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fonseca J, Lu J. Single-Atom Catalysts Designed and Prepared by the Atomic Layer Deposition Technique. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fonseca
- Nanomaterial Laboratory for Catalysis and Advanced Separations, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 313 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, United States
| | - Junling Lu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang K, Zhan S, Zhang D, Sun H, Jin X, Wang J. In situ grown monolayer N–Doped graphene and ZnO on ZnFe2O4 hollow spheres for efficient photocatalytic tetracycline degradation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
47
|
Poldorn P, Wongnongwa Y, Mudchimo T, Jungsuttiwong S. Theoretical insights into catalytic CO2 hydrogenation over single-atom (Fe or Ni) incorporated nitrogen-doped graphene. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
48
|
Wang X, Wang YQ, Feng YC, Wang D, Wan LJ. Insights into electrocatalysis by scanning tunnelling microscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5832-5849. [PMID: 34027957 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01078b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of electrocatalytic reaction is important for the design and development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for energy technology. Investigating the surface structures of electrocatalysts and the surface processes in electrocatalytic reactions at the atomic and molecular scale is helpful to identify the catalytic role of active sites and further promotes the development of emerging electrocatalysts. Since it was invented, scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) has become a powerful technique to investigate surface topographies and electronic properties at the nanoscale resolution. STM can be operated in diversified environments. Electrochemical STM can be used to investigate the surface processes during electrochemical reactions. Moreover, the critical intermediates in catalysis on catalyst surfaces can be identified by STM at low temperature or ultrahigh vacuum. STM has been extensively utilized in electrocatalysis research, including the structure-activity relationship of electrocatalysts, the distribution of active sites, and surface processes in electrocatalytic reactions. In this review, progress in the application of STM in electrocatalysis is systematically discussed. The construction of model electrocatalysts and electrocatalytic systems are summarized. Then, we present the STM investigation of electrocatalyst structures and surface processes related to electrocatalysis. Challenges and future developments in the field are discussed in the outlook.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya-Chen Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lin PC, Villarreal R, Achilli S, Bana H, Nair MN, Tejeda A, Verguts K, De Gendt S, Auge M, Hofsäss H, De Feyter S, Di Santo G, Petaccia L, Brems S, Fratesi G, Pereira LMC. Doping Graphene with Substitutional Mn. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5449-5458. [PMID: 33596385 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the incorporation of substitutional Mn atoms in high-quality, epitaxial graphene on Cu(111), using ultralow-energy ion implantation. We characterize in detail the atomic structure of substitutional Mn in a single carbon vacancy and quantify its concentration. In particular, we are able to determine the position of substitutional Mn atoms with respect to the Moiré superstructure (i.e., local graphene-Cu stacking symmetry) and to the carbon sublattice; in the out-of-plane direction, substitutional Mn atoms are found to be slightly displaced toward the Cu surface, that is, effectively underneath the graphene layer. Regarding electronic properties, we show that graphene doped with substitutional Mn to a concentration of the order of 0.04%, with negligible structural disorder (other than the Mn substitution), retains the Dirac-like band structure of pristine graphene on Cu(111), making it an ideal system in which to study the interplay between local magnetic moments and Dirac electrons. Our work also establishes that ultralow-energy ion implantation is suited for substitutional magnetic doping of graphene. Given the flexibility, reproducibility, and scalability inherent to ion implantation, our work creates numerous opportunities for research on magnetic functionalization of graphene and other two-dimensional materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Cheng Lin
- Quantum Solid State Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Simona Achilli
- ETSF and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Harsh Bana
- Quantum Solid State Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maya N Nair
- CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Antonio Tejeda
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Ken Verguts
- imec vzw, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan De Gendt
- imec vzw, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuel Auge
- II.Institute of Physics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans Hofsäss
- II.Institute of Physics, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Di Santo
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Petaccia
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Guido Fratesi
- ETSF and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ghasemi SA, Mirhosseini H, Kühne TD. Thermodynamically stable polymorphs of nitrogen-rich carbon nitrides: a C 3N 5 study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6422-6432. [PMID: 33710185 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06185a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have carried out an extensive search for stable polymorphs of carbon nitride with C3N5 stoichiometry using the minima hopping method. Contrary to the widely held opinion that stacked, planar, graphite-like structures are energetically the most stable carbon nitride polymorphs for various nitrogen contents, we find that this does not apply for nitrogen-rich materials owing to the high abundance of N-N bonds. In fact, our results disclose novel morphologies with moieties not previously considered for C3N5. We demonstrate that nitrogen-rich compounds crystallize in a large variety of different structures due to particular characteristics of their energy landscapes. The newly found low-energy structures of C3N5 have band gaps within good agreement with the values measured in experimental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Alireza Ghasemi
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|