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Rahaman S, Tu X, Ahmad K, Qadeer A. A real-time assessment of hazardous atmospheric pollutants across cities in China and India. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 479:135711. [PMID: 39255663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
China and India are two of the fastest-growing developing economies covering about 35 % of the world's population. Due to the extensive prevalence of air pollution across cities in China and India, contemporary assessment of atmospheric pollution through real-time and remote sensing observations is inadequate. The study aims to determine the spatial distribution and temporal variation of hazardous atmospheric pollutants across cities in China (Shanghai, Nanjing, Jinan, Zhengzhou and Beijing) and India (Kolkata, Asansol, Patna, Kanpur and Delhi). Ground observation data on CO, O3, PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 along with remote sensing data on AOD, CO, O3, BC, NO2, SO2 and dust surface mass concentrations are used to assess atmospheric pollution. This study examines daily, zonal and longitudinal pollutant distributions using Sentinel-5 P data and surface mass concentrations over the vertical column evaluated from NASA satellite data. The Mann-Kendall test and relative change methods have been implemented to assess pollutant trends while Sen's Slope identifies the magnitude of change. The similarity test and data validation methods including NRMSE, PC and MBias have been employed to ensure consistency in analysing annual trends for each air pollutant in the datasets. Additionally, multiple correlation matrix analysis has been used to examine the associations among different pollutants from both datasets based on their annual averages. Remote sensing data reveals that eastern China and north-eastern India have the highest aerosol, BC, CO, NO2 and SO2 while western China and southern India lowest. Dust peaks in the west while O3 levels are highest in the northern part of China and India. Ground observation data indicates that Chinese cities have higher annual mean SO2 and O3 concentrations with yearly declines in PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO notably SO2. Indian cities witnessed overall increases in PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 from 2012 to 2019 with a slight decline in 2020 followed by a resurgence in 2023. The findings provide insights for implementing regional policy measures to reduce air pollution based on changes in pollutant behaviour. The study suggests that addressing atmospheric pollutants, particularly NO2, CO, PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 requires a comprehensive environmental policy framework involving central and state governments and enforcing stringent environmental protection laws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidur Rahaman
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Xiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Khalil Ahmad
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Wang Y, Chang J, Hu P, Deng C, Luo Z, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Yi W, Zhu G, Zheng G, Wang S, He K, Liu J, Liu H. Key factors in epidemiological exposure and insights for environmental management: Evidence from meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 362:124991. [PMID: 39303936 PMCID: PMC7616677 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the precision of exposure assessment methods has been rapidly improved and more widely adopted in epidemiological studies. However, such methodological advancement has introduced additional heterogeneity among studies. The precision of exposure assessment has become a potential confounding factors in meta-analyses, whose impacts on effect calculation remain unclear. To explore, we conducted a meta-analysis to integrate the long- and short-term exposure effects of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 on all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in the Chinese population. Literature was identified through Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure before August 28, 2023. Sub-group analyses were performed to quantify the impact of exposure assessment precisions and pollution levels on the estimated risk. Studies achieving merely city-level resolution and population exposure are classified as using traditional assessment methods, while those achieving sub-kilometer simulations and individual exposure are considered finer assessment methods. Using finer assessment methods, the RR (under 10 μg/m3 increment, with 95% confidence intervals) for long-term NO2 exposure to all-cause mortality was 1.13 (1.05-1.23), significantly higher (p-value = 0.01) than the traditional assessment result of 1.02 (1.00-1.03). Similar trends were observed for long-term PM2.5 and short-term NO2 exposure. A decrease in short-term PM2.5 levels led to an increase in the RR for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, from 1.0035 (1.0016-1.0053) and 1.0051 (1.0021-1.0081) to 1.0055 (1.0035-1.0075) and 1.0086 (1.0061-1.0111), with weak between-group significance (p-value = 0.13 and 0.09), respectively. Based on the quantitative analysis and literature information, we summarized four key factors influencing exposure assessment precision under a conceptualized framework: pollution simulation resolution, subject granularity, micro-environment classification, and pollution levels. Our meta-analysis highlighted the urgency to improve pollution simulation resolution, and we provide insights for researchers, policy-makers and the public. By integrating the most up-to-date epidemiological research, our study has the potential to provide systematic evidence and motivation for environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyue Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jie Chang
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100084, China; Centre for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing an Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Piaopiao Hu
- Centre for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing an Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chun Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junchao Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhining Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wen Yi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guanlin Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guangjie Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kebin He
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Centre for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing an Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Guo X, Su W, Wang H, Li N, Song Q, Liang Q, Sun C, Liang M, Zhou Z, Song EJ, Sun Y. Short-term exposure to ambient ozone and cardiovascular mortality in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:958-975. [PMID: 35438585 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2066070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major public health concern in China. Notwithstanding this, there is limited evidence regarding the impact of short-term exposure to ambient ozone on cardiovascular mortality in the Chinese population. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to address this important question. The random-effects model was applied to pool the results from individual studies. Finally, 32 effect estimates extracted from 19 studies were pooled in this meta-analysis. The pooled relative risk for cardiovascular mortality for each 10 µg/m3 increment in ozone concentration was 1.0068 (95% CI: 1.0049, 1.0086). Ths significant positive association between ozone exposure and cardiovascular mortality was also observed in different two-pollutant models. This meta-analysis revealed that exposure to ozone was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in China, and more efforts on controlling the population from ozone are needed to improve cardiovascular health of Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Wanying Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxia Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Qiwei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- Internal Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mingming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Evelyn J Song
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, P.R. China
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhao J, Zhang N, Guo Y, Chen J, Liu Y, Cui Z, Lyu Y, Gao J, Li C, Zhang W, Ma J. Effect of short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants on non-accidental mortality in emergency department visits: a time-series study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1208514. [PMID: 37457252 PMCID: PMC10348907 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1208514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Exposure to air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of premature mortality. However, the acute effects of air pollution on the risk of non-accidental mortality have not been extensively researched in developing countries, and the findings thus far have been inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between short-term exposure to six pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO) and non-accidental mortality in Beijing, China. Methods Daily data on non-accidental deaths were gathered from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018. Air pollution data for the same period were collected from 35 fixed-site air quality monitoring stations in Beijing. Generalized additive models (GAM) based on Poisson regression were used to investigate the association between non-accidental mortality in emergency department visits and the daily average levels of air pollutants. Results There were 8,676 non-accidental deaths recorded during 2017-2018. After sensitivity analysis, short-term exposure to air pollutants, particularly gaseous pollutants, was linked to non-accidental mortality. Specifically, for every 10 μg/m3 increase (5 μg/m3 in SO2, 0.5 mg/m3 in CO) of SO2 (lag 04), NO2 (lag 04), O3 (lag 05), and CO (lag 04), the relative risk (RR) values were 1.054 (95% CI: 1.009, 1.100), 1.038 (95% CI: 1.013, 1.063), 1.032 (95% CI: 1.011, 1.054), and 1.034 (95% CI: 1.004, 1.066), respectively. In terms of causes of death, short-term exposure to NO2, SO2, and O3 increased the risk of circulatory mortality. Further stratified analysis revealed that the stronger associations were presented in females for O3 while in males for CO. People aged 65 and over were strongly associated with ambient air pollution. Conclusions Our study showed that ambient air pollutants were associated with non-accidental mortality. Our findings suggested that efforts to control gaseous pollution should be stepped up, and vulnerable groups should be the focus of health protection education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Naijian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jiageng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuang Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjun Lyu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Thoracic Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Changping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Zhang X, Yan B, Zhou Y, Osei F, Li Y, Zhao H, Cheng C, Stein A. Short-term health impacts related to ozone in China before and after implementation of policy measures: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157588. [PMID: 35882322 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a meta-analysis of the impacts of short-term exposure to ozone (O3) on three health endpoints: all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in China. All relevant studies from January 1990 to December 2021 were searched from four databases. After screening, 30 studies were included for the meta-analysis. The results showed that a significant rise of 0.41 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.35 %-0.48 %) in all-cause, 0.60 % (95 % CI: 0.51 %-0.68 %) in cardiovascular and 0.45 % (95 % CI: 0.28 %-0.62 %) in respiratory mortality for each 10 μg m-3 increase in the maximum daily 8 h average O3 concentration (MDA8 O3). Moreover, results stratified by heterogeneous time periods before and after implementing a policy measure in 2013, showed that the pooled effects for all-cause and respiratory mortality before were greater than those after, while the pooled effects for cardiovascular mortality before 2013 were slightly smaller than those after. The finding that short-term exposure to O3 was positively related to the three health endpoints was validated by means of a sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, we did not observe any publication bias. Our results present an updated and better understanding of the relationship between short-term exposure to O3 and the three health endpoints, while providing a reference for further assessment of the impact of short-term O3 exposure on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxue Zhang
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede 7514AE, the Netherlands
| | - Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yinying Zhou
- School of Information Science and Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Frank Osei
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede 7514AE, the Netherlands
| | - Yao Li
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede 7514AE, the Netherlands
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Changxiu Cheng
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Alfred Stein
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede 7514AE, the Netherlands.
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Ma Y, Shen J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Li H, Cheng Y, Guo Y. Short-term effect of ambient ozone pollution on respiratory diseases in western China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:4129-4140. [PMID: 35001229 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution has been regarded as an important cause of the morbidity and mortality of respiratory diseases. In the current work, a total of 469,490 respiratory emergency room (ER) visits in Lanzhou, China from Jan 1, 2013 to Dec 31, 2016 were collected. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to investigate the association between O3 and respiratory ER visits for the different gender and age subgroups. The results showed that: (a) with per inter-quartile range (IQR) (31 µg/m3) increase in O3, the greatest relative risk (RR) of respiratory ER visits for the total was 1.014 (95% CI 1.008-1.020) at lag 4 days. Females and 16-to-45-year-olds were relatively more sensitive to O3; (b) the significant lag effects were found in single-day lag models, with the highest RR values for different groups were observed at lag 3-lag 5 days. The multi-day cumulative lag effects were stronger for the total; (c) in the multiple-pollutant models, the effects of O3 were generally increased when introducing other pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2) for adjustment. This study demonstrated that short-term exposure to O3 increased the RR of respiratory ER visits in Lanzhou, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jiahui Shen
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hang Wang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Heping Li
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yifan Cheng
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yongtao Guo
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Chen Z, Liu N, Tang H, Gao X, Zhang Y, Kan H, Deng F, Zhao B, Zeng X, Sun Y, Qian H, Liu W, Mo J, Zheng X, Huang C, Sun C, Zhao Z. Health effects of exposure to sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide between 1980 and 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13170. [PMID: 36437665 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The burden of disease attributed to the indoor exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), ozone (O3 ), and carbon monoxide (CO) is not clear, and the quantitative concentration-response relationship is a prerequisite. This is a systematic review to summarize the quantitative concentration-response relationships by screening and analyzing the polled effects of population-based epidemiological studies. After collecting literature published between 1980 and 2019, a total of 19 health outcomes in 101 studies with 182 health risk estimates were recruited. By meta-analysis, the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis and Egger's test for publication bias, the robust and reliable effects were found for SO2 (per 10 μg/m3 ) with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) (pooled relative risks [RRs] 1.016, 95% CI: 1.012-1.021) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (RR 1.012, 95%CI: 007-1.018), respectively. NO2 (per 10 μg/m3 ) had the pooled RRs for childhood asthma, preterm birth, lung cancer, diabetes, and COPD by 1.134 (1.084-1.186), 1.079 (1.007-1.157), 1.055 (1.010-1.101), 1.019 (1.009-1.029), and 1.016 (1.012-1.120), respectively. CO (per 1 mg/m3 ) was significantly associated with Parkinson's disease (RR 1.574, 95% CI: 1.069-2.317) and CVD (RR 1.024, 95% CI: 1.011-1.038). No robust effects were observed for O3 . This study provided evidence and basis for further estimation of the health burden attributable to the four gaseous pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoru Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningrui Liu
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehuan Gao
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Deng
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangang Zeng
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhan Mo
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chanjuan Sun
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, WMO/IGAC MAP-AQ Asian Office Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xu W, Liu X, Huang Z, Du Y, Zhang B, Wang Q, Xiang J, Zou Y, Ma L. Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Ischemic Heart Disease Hospitalizations: A Population-Based Time-Series Study in Wuhan, China, 2017-2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12527. [PMID: 34886253 PMCID: PMC8656788 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence of the acute effects of air pollutants on ischemic heart disease (IHD) hospitalizations based on the entire population of a megacity in central China is lacking. All IHD hospitalization records from 2017 to 2018 were obtained from the Wuhan Information Center of Health and Family Planning. Daily air pollutant concentrations and meteorological data were synchronously collected from the Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau. A time-series study using generalized additive models was conducted to systematically examine the associations between air pollutants and IHD hospitalizations. Stratified analyses by gender, age, season, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia were performed. In total, 139,616 IHD hospitalizations were included. Short-term exposure to air pollutants was positively associated with IHD hospitalizations. The age group ≥76 was at higher exposure risk, and the associations appeared to be more evident in cold seasons. PM2.5 and PM10 appeared to have greater effects on males and those without hypertension or diabetes, whereas NO2 and SO2 had greater effects on females and those with hypertension or diabetes. The risk of IHD hospitalization due to air pollutants was greater in people without hyperlipidemia. Our study provides new evidence of the effects of air pollution on the increased incidence of IHD in central China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglin Xu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (W.X.); (Z.H.); (Y.D.); (B.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.X.)
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- Information Center of Health and Family Planning, Wuhan 430021, China;
| | - Zenghui Huang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (W.X.); (Z.H.); (Y.D.); (B.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.X.)
| | - Yating Du
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (W.X.); (Z.H.); (Y.D.); (B.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.X.)
| | - Biao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (W.X.); (Z.H.); (Y.D.); (B.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.X.)
| | - Qiaomai Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (W.X.); (Z.H.); (Y.D.); (B.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.X.)
| | - Jing Xiang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (W.X.); (Z.H.); (Y.D.); (B.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.X.)
| | - Yuliang Zou
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (W.X.); (Z.H.); (Y.D.); (B.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.X.)
| | - Lu Ma
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (W.X.); (Z.H.); (Y.D.); (B.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.X.)
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Chen Z, Fu Q, Mao G, Wu L, Xu P, Xu D, Wang Z, Pan X, Chen Y, Lou X, Mo Z, Wang X, Feng Y. Increasing mortality caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in relation with exposure to ambient fine particulate matters: an analysis in Southeastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:53605-53613. [PMID: 34036500 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between ambient particulate matters (PMs) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality. generalized additive mixed model was employed to investigate the effects of ambient fine and coarse PMs on COPD mortality using 13,066 deaths from 2014 to 2016 among six cities in Zhejiang Province in Southeastern China. The daily average death count due to COPD was 3, varying from 1 to 7 among six cities. The daily 24-h mean concentrations were diverse among cities, from 29.7 to 56.8 μg/m3 for PM2.5, 16.7 to 30.3 μg/m3 for PM2.5-10, and 50.3 to 87.1 μg/m3 for PM10, respectively. The analysis showed that daily exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with increased mortality due to COPD and that weak effects were observed between PM2.5-10 and COPD mortality. Our results provided solid evidence that the fine particles in air pollution have stronger functions on adverse health effects other than coarser particles in Southeastern China, which may be considered as a potential clinic target in PM-associated COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binsheng Road 3399#, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiuli Fu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88#, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guangming Mao
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binsheng Road 3399#, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lizhi Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binsheng Road 3399#, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peiwei Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binsheng Road 3399#, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binsheng Road 3399#, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binsheng Road 3399#, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuejiao Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binsheng Road 3399#, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binsheng Road 3399#, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Lou
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binsheng Road 3399#, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhe Mo
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binsheng Road 3399#, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binsheng Road 3399#, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yuanqun Feng
- Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Xueyuan Road 117#, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Das M, Das A, Sarkar R, Mandal P, Saha S, Ghosh S. Exploring short term spatio-temporal pattern of PM 2.5 and PM 10 and their relationship with meteorological parameters during COVID-19 in Delhi. URBAN CLIMATE 2021; 39:100944. [PMID: 34580626 PMCID: PMC8459164 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Present study aims to examine the impact of lockdown on spatio-temporal concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 - categorized and recorded based on its levels during pre-lockdown, lockdown and unlock phases while noting the relationship of these levels with meteorological parameters (temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, rainfall, pressure, sun hour and cloud cover) in Delhi. To aid the study, a comparison was made with the last two years (2018 to 2019), covering the same periods of pre-lockdown, lockdown and unlock phases of 2020. Correlation analysis, linear regression (LR) was used to examine the impact of meteorological parameters on particulate matter (PM) concentrations in Delhi, India. The findings showed that (i) substantial decline of PM concentration in Delhi during lockdown period, (ii) there were substantial seasonal variation of particulate matter concentration in city and (iii) meteorological parameters have close associations with PM concentrations. The findings will help planners and policy makers to understand the impact of air pollutants and meteorological parameters on infectious disease and to adopt effective strategies for future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manob Das
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Arijit Das
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Raju Sarkar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi, India
| | - Papiya Mandal
- Delhi Zonal Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Saha
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Sasanka Ghosh
- Department of Geography, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
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11
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Air Pollution and Mortality in the Elderly in Kerman, Iran. HEALTH SCOPE 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Today, air pollution is a major issue in the world, particularly in metropolitan areas. Objectives: Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the relation between air pollution and mortality in the elderly in Kerman City. Methods: This ecological study was conducted using 2006 - 2013 mortality data inquired from the Deputy of Health of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The data on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, as well as death due to trauma, diabetes, and other diseases that happened in men and women aged 60 and higher were extracted. Air pollution data (CO, SO2, O3, NO, NO2, NOx, and PM10) for the same time frame were inquired from the Environmental Protection Agency of Kerman Province. Negative binomial regression was used to evaluate the relation between air pollutants and mortality using STATA13 software. Results: During the study period, a total of 14,793 deaths occurred in elderly men and women in Kerman City. Cardiovascular diseases were the leading cause of death. The results of multivariate analysis of air pollutants indicated that NO was directly and significantly related to the total number of deaths in the elderly, and increase in sulfur dioxide, ozone and NO was significantly related to increased mortality among elderly women. Carbon monoxide was significantly related to cardiovascular death of the elderly. But air pollutants did not show any significant effect on respiratory-, trauma-, and diabetes-related deaths. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that there is a significant relation between air pollution and mortality in the elderly. Accordingly, a warning system is suggested to reduce the elderly’s commuting on highly air polluted days.
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Huang J, Li J, Yin P, Wang L, Pan X, Zhou M, Li G. Ambient nitrogen dioxide and years of life lost from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the elderly: A multicity study in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130041. [PMID: 33652282 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a potential environmental risk factor for COPD. However, association between ambient NO2 and COPD risk remains underrecognized, especially in the elderly. This study aimed to explore association between NO2 and years of life lost (YLL) from COPD in the elderly from 2013 to 2017 in 37 major cities in China. METHODS Ambient NO2 data and COPD morality information were obtained from the National Urban Air Quality Real-time Publishing Platform and the Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, respectively. City-specific relative changes in YLL were estimated by generalized additive models, and meta-analysis was used to combine city-specific results. Potential modifications were evaluated. Economic loss due to excess YLL from COPD associated with ambient NO2 was evaluated. RESULTS An increase of 10 μg/m3 in NO2 for 2-day moving average led to 0.94% (95% CI: 0.56%, 1.31%) relative increase in COPD YLL. The associations were significantly higher in South than North China. Higher estimated effects were found in the warm than the cool season in the southern region. The relevant economic loss accounted for 0.04% (95% CI: 0.02%, 0.05%) of the gross domestic product (GDP) in China during the same period. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide evidence on the impact of short-term NO2 exposure on COPD YLL in the elderly, which indicated more stringent control of NO2 pollution and highlighted the need to protect the elderly during the warm season in South China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
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Vilcassim MJR, Callahan AE, Zierold KM. Travelling to polluted cities: a systematic review on the harm of air pollution on international travellers' health. J Travel Med 2021; 28:6210993. [PMID: 33823002 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE FOR REVIEW In 2019, approximately, 1.4 billion people travelled internationally. Many individuals travel to megacities where air pollution concentrations can vary significantly. Short-term exposure to air pollutants can cause morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular and respiratory disease, with the literature clearly reporting a strong association between short-term exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm and ozone with adverse health outcomes in resident populations. However, limited research has been conducted on the health impacts of short-term exposure to air pollution in individuals who travel internationally. The objective of this systematic review was to review the evidence for the respiratory and cardiovascular health impacts from exposure to air pollution during international travel to polluted cities in adults aged ≥18 years old. KEY FINDINGS We searched PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE for studies related to air pollution and the health impacts on international travellers. Of the initially identified 115 articles that fit the search criteria, 6 articles were selected for the final review. All six studies found indications of adverse health impacts of air pollution exposure on international travellers, with most of the changes being reversible upon return to their home country/city. However, none of these studies contained large populations nor investigated vulnerable populations, such as children, elderly or those with pre-existing conditions. CONCLUSIONS More research is warranted to clearly understand the impacts of air pollution related changes on travellers' health, especially on vulnerable groups who may be at higher risk of adverse impacts during travel to polluted cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ruzmyn Vilcassim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amy E Callahan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kristina M Zierold
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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14
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Association between short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide and ischemic heart disease and non-accidental death in Changsha city, China. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251108. [PMID: 33939751 PMCID: PMC8092655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the effects of short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the central and southern China areas on ischemic heart disease (IHD) and non-accidental deaths. Method We investigated the associations between short-term exposure to SO2 and CO in a city in south-central China and IHD and non-accidental death using a time-series design and generalized additive models with up to a 5-day lag adjusting for day of the week, temperature, air pressure, wind speed, and relative humidity. The relative risks of IHD and non-accidental death per 10-unit increase in SO2 and CO were derived from zero to five days in single-pollutant models. Results Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 10,507 IHD and 44,070 non-accidental deaths were identified. The largest significant relative risk for IHD death was lag 02 for both SO2 (1.080; 95% confidence interval: 1.075–1.084) and CO (5.297; 95% confidence interval: 5.177–5.418) in single-pollutants models. A significant association was shown at all lag multiple-day moving averages. Two-pollutant models identified an association between SO2 and mortality when adjusting for CO. In stratified analyses, SO2 exhibited a stronger association with death during the cold season, while CO exhibited a stronger association with mortality from IHD during the warm season. The risk of death was more robust in the elderly for both pollutants, but was greater in men for CO and in women for SO2. Conclusions Overall, we found an association between short-term exposure to low-level SO2 and CO and the risk of IHD and non-accidental death.
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15
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Ho HC, Fong KNK, Chan TC, Shi Y. The associations between social, built and geophysical environment and age-specific dementia mortality among older adults in a high-density Asian city. Int J Health Geogr 2020; 19:53. [PMID: 33276778 PMCID: PMC7716506 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-020-00252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although socio-environmental factors which may affect dementia have widely been studied, the mortality of dementia and socio-environmental relationships among older adults have seldom been discussed. Method A retrospective, observational study based on territory-wide register-based data was conducted to evaluate the relationships of four individual-level social measures, two community-level social measures, six short-term (temporally varying) environmental measures, and four long-term (spatially varying) environmental measures with dementia mortality among older adults in a high-density Asian city (Hong Kong), for the following decedents: (1) all deaths: age >= 65, (2) “old-old”: age > = 85, (3) “mid-old”: aged 75–84, and (4) “young-old”: aged 65–74. Results This study identified 5438 deaths (3771 old-old; 1439 mid-old; 228 young-old) from dementia out of 228,600 all-cause deaths among older adults in Hong Kong between 2007 and 2014. Generally, regional air pollution, being unmarried or female, older age, and daily O3 were associated with higher dementia mortality, while more urban compactness and greenness were linked to lower dementia mortality among older adults. Specifically, being unmarried and the age effect were associated with higher dementia mortality among the “old-old”, “mid-old” and “young-old”. Regional air pollution was linked to increased dementia mortality, while urban compactness and greenness were associated with lower dementia mortality among the “old-old” and “mid-old”. Higher daily O3 had higher dementia mortality, while districts with a greater percentage of residents whose native language is not Cantonese were linked to lower dementia mortality among the “old-old”. Economic inactivity was associated with increased dementia mortality among the “young-old”. Gender effect varied by age. Conclusion The difference in strengths of association of various factors with dementia mortality among different age groups implies the need for a comprehensive framework for community health planning. In particular, strategies for air quality control, usage of greenspace and social space, and activity engagement to reduce vulnerability at all ages are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kenneth N K Fong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ta-Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan Shi
- Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of PM2.5, PM10, and AOD over Canal Head Taocha Station, Henan Province. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12203432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, spatio-temporal characteristics of particulate matter (PMx; x = 2.5 and 10) mass concentrations and aerosol optical properties were analyzed over the water source area of the South–North Water Diversion Central Line. For this purpose, PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations were collected at the Taocha(TC)station from October 2018 to September 2019, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) was obtained from the Cloud-Aerosol LiDAR and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite from 2007 to 2019. The monthly, seasonal, and daily statistical analyses and related comparisons were conducted in the present study. The results showed that the PM10 concentrations meet China’s ambient air secondary quality standard (100 μg/m3 annual mean), whereas PM2.5 did not meet China’s ambient air secondary quality standard (35 μg/m3 annual mean) at the TC station, no obvious seasonal and diurnal variations are observed, and these particulates are caused by local emissions and outside sources. A significant positive correlation of PM2.5 and PM10 was observed with relative humidity and temperature, whereas no relationship was found with wind direction. The results also showed low (~0.1) AOD in spring, autumn, and winter, whereas slightly higher AOD (~0.3) was observed in summer. This may be caused by straw burning from long-distance transportation. This study may provide new data support for comprehensive ecological measures such as strengthening the ecological environment and water quality protection in the Middle Route Project of the South–North Water Diversion.
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17
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Kim H, Yu W. Single-day and cumulative effects of ambient particulate matter exposure on emergency department visits for respiratory disease in South Korea. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1024907920965305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Along with the industrialization, the air pollutants have gained more attention and studies especially about respiratory diseases were conducted. Emergency visit reflects acute aggravation of disease rather than chronic exacerbation. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the ambient particulate matter and the emergency visits with respiratory disease in South Korea. Methods: Patients diagnosed with respiratory disease in the emergency department in 2018 were enrolled. The data of meteorological factors and air pollutants between 4 December 2017 and 31 December 2018 were acquired. Poisson regression was used with daily emergency visits as the response variable and single-day particulate matter concentration as the explanatory variable. Results: A total of 4207 patients were enrolled. In Poisson regression analysis of all respiratory diseases, the effects of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were strongest at day before 8 and 26. Age older than 65 group and chronic respiratory disease group had earlier lag effect than the all-diseases group. Cumulative effect was peaked at 14 lag day. The split point of prediction was 87 µg/m3 before 3 days for [Formula: see text] and 37 µg/m3 before 8 days for [Formula: see text]. Conclusion: The results can be used to predict the increase of emergency visits and need for medical resources when the ambient particulate matter concentration rises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakjung Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosung Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
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18
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Cheung CW, He G, Pan Y. Mitigating the air pollution effect? The remarkable decline in the pollution-mortality relationship in Hong Kong. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT 2020; 101:102316. [PMID: 32287492 PMCID: PMC7126016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jeem.2020.102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Using transboundary pollution from mainland China as an instrument, we show that air pollution leads to higher cardio-respiratory mortality in Hong Kong. However, the air pollution effect has dramatically decreased over the past two decades: before 2003, a 10-unit increase in the Air Pollution Index could lead to a 3.1% increase in monthly cardio-respiratory mortality, but this effect has declined to 0.5% using recent data and is no longer statistically significant. Exploratory analyses suggest that a well-functioning medical system and immediate access to emergency services can help mitigate the contemporaneous effects of pollution on mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guojun He
- Corresponding author. Division of Social Science, Division of Environment and Sustainability, and Department of Economics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Mason TG, Mary Schooling C, Ran J, Chan KP, Tian L. Does the AQHI reduce cardiovascular hospitalization in Hong Kong's elderly population? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 135:105344. [PMID: 31801101 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air quality alert programs have been introduced around the world to reduce the short term effects of air pollution on health. Hong Kong, a densely populated city in southern China with high levels of air pollution, introduced its first air quality health index (AQHI) on December 30th 2013. However, whether air quality alert program warnings, such as the AQHI, reduces morbidity is uncertain. Using a quasi-experimental design, we conducted the first evaluation of the AQHI in Hong Kong, focusing on cardiovascular morbidity in Hong Kong's elderly population. METHOD Interrupted time series with Poisson segmented regression from 2010 to 2016 was used to detect any sudden or gradual changes in emergency hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), after the AQHI policy was implemented. To account for potential confounders, models were adjusted for air pollutants (NO2, SO2, PM10, O3), temperature and humidity. The findings were validated using a negative control and three false policy periods. We also assessed effects on specific subtypes of CVD (hypertensive disease (HPD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure, stroke and other CVD) and by sex. RESULTS From January 1st 2010 to December 31st, 2016, 375,672 hospital admissions for CVD occurred in Hong Kong's elderly population. Immediately after the policy HPD and AMI dropped by16% (relative risk (RR) 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78-0.91) and 15% (RR 0.85, 95% CI: (0.76-0.97)) respectively. There was no significant change for all CVD or other sub-types and no differences by sex. CONCLUSION Hong Kong's AQHI helped reduced hospital admissions in the elderly for HPD and AMI but had no effect on overall emergency hospitalization for CVD. To maximize health benefits of the policy, at risk groups need to be able to follow the behavioral changes recommended by the AQHI warnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya G Mason
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - JinJun Ran
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - King-Pan Chan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Liu Y, Sun J, Gou Y, Sun X, Zhang D, Xue F. Analysis of Short-Term Effects of Air Pollution on Cardiovascular Disease Using Bayesian Spatio-temporal Models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E879. [PMID: 32023829 PMCID: PMC7038089 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There has been an increasing number of clinical and epidemiologic research projects providing supporting evidence that short-term exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to the exacerbation of cardiovascular disease. However, few studies consider measurement error and spatial effects in the estimate of underlying air pollution levels, and less is known about the influence of baseline air pollution levels on cardiovascular disease. We used hospital admissions data for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) collected from an inland, heavily polluted city and a coastal city in Shandong Province, China. Bayesian spatio-temporal models were applied to obtain the underlying pollution level in each city, then generalized additive models were adopted to assess the health effects. The total cardiovascular disease hospitalizations were significantly increased in the inland city by 0.401% (0.029, 0.775), 0.316% (0.086, 0.547), 0.903% (0.252, 1.559), and 2.647% (1.607, 3.697) per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2, respectively. The total cardiovascular diseases hospitalizations were increased by 6.568% (3.636, 9.584) per 10μg/m3 increase in the level of NO2. Although the air pollution overall had a more significant adverse impact on cardiovascular disease hospital admissions in the heavily polluted inland city, the short-term increases in air pollution levels in the less polluted coastal areas led to excessive exacerbations of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44, Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jingjie Sun
- Health and Family Planning Information Center of Shandong Province, 75, Yuhan Street, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yannong Gou
- Health and Family Planning Information Center of Shandong Province, 75, Yuhan Street, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiubin Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44, Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44, Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44, Wenhuaxi Street, Jinan 250012, China
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Development of the Adjusted Wind Chill Equivalent Temperature (AWCET) for cold mortality assessment across a subtropical city: validation and comparison with a spatially-controlled time-stratified approach. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1290. [PMID: 31615481 PMCID: PMC6794828 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global warming has reduced the adaptability of the people living in subtropical regions to cope up with cold stress due to lengthening of hot days and shortening of transition period from hot to cold weather. However, existing studies on measuring cold stress are based on biometeorological indices designed for temperate regions. This may overestimate the impact of wind chill on mortality risk in subtropical cities. Methods This study developed an Adjusted Wind Chill Equivalent Temperature (AWCET) index. A spatially-controlled time-stratified approach was applied to evaluate the ability of AWCET for estimating cold mortality in subtropical cities, based on a mortality dataset (2008–2012) in Hong Kong. Results The use of AWCET could indicate increase in all-cause, cardiovascular, respiratory, and cancer-related mortality risk during the days with average temperature < = 1st [11.0 °C], <= 3rd [12.6 °C] and < = 5th [13.4 °C] percentiles. The results were stable and consistent based on both log-linear and curve-linear relationships between AWCET and mortality risk. AWCET was also compared with the New Wind Chill Equivalent Temperature (NWCET) designed for temperate regions, and has found that higher magnitude of mortality risk would be found when using AWCET for assessing all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Hong Kong, for days with average temperature < = 1st, <= 3rd and < = 5th percentiles. Conclusions AWCET is validated to be effective to access cold mortality in the context of subtropical cities. The use of AWCET may enhance the cold weather warning system in subtropical cities, as a supplementary tool to help demonstrating small administrative-level perceived temperature with volunteered geographic information.
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Ambient Air Pollution and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in Korea: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183273. [PMID: 31489898 PMCID: PMC6765778 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is an occasional cause of unexpected mortality in infancy. While various etiological factors have been hypothesized, air pollution has been consistently presented as an environmental factor. In this study, we aimed to estimate the risk of SIDS in relation to exposure to air pollution and the effects of its modifying factors. A mortality dataset with supplementary infant mortality survey data from Statistics Korea was used and combined the concentration of ambient air pollution data from AirKorea based on the date of death and residential addresses of the SIDS cases. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated according to birthweight, gestational age, maternal age, and infant age using a time-stratified case-crossover study design. The risk of exposure to particulate matter of less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide was estimated. The number of deaths due to SIDS was 454 (253 males and 201 females). The OR per 27.8 µg/m3 increment of PM10 was 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.25) and that per 215.8 ppb of CO was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.03–1.40) in all infants. In females, an increase in NO2 and CO levels was associated with a higher risk of SIDS in low-birthweight and preterm infants. The OR per 15.7 ppb increment in NO2 was highest among preterm infants, with a value of 5.12 (95% CI: 1.27–20.63), and low-birthweight individuals, with a value of 4.11 (95% CI: 1.74–9.72), at a moving average of 0 to 3 days. In males, however, no significant association was found. In the present study, exposure to air pollution was associated with an increased risk of SIDS. This association was more evident in susceptible infants with a low-birthweight or in cases of preterm birth.
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Lee YH, Kim DY, Jeong SH, Hwang YJ. Effect of exposure to Asian sand dust-Particulate matter on liver Tenascin-C expression in human cancer cell and mouse hepatic tissue. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:633-641. [PMID: 31474744 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Asian Sand Dust-Particulate Matter (ASD-PM) aerosol brings large amounts of wind-eroded soil particles containing high concentrations of metallic components caused by industrialization and vehicles. Proinflammatory and cytotoxic cytokines trigger local inflammatory responses and cause a systematically high incidence of cardiovascular and other diseases. Tenascin C (Tn-C) is known to be expressed in damaged tissue or in a developmental stage of tissue. In this study, we examined the expression of Tn-C and Fibronectin in human cancer-cell lines and in liver tissue of mice treated with ASD-PM to investigate the inflammatory and cell-damage effects of ASD-PM. In our in vivo study, mice were intratracheally instilled with saline suspensions of ASD-PM particles. Instillation of these particles was repeated twice a week for 12 weeks and the liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin, eosin, and Masson's trichrome, and we carried out an IF. Tn-C expression in liver tissues was detected by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. In the results, the expression of Tn-C increased in a dose-dependent manner in both RNA and Immunofluorescence assay (IF). In our in vitro study, A549 and Hep3B cell lines were incubated in culture media with Transforming Growth Factor-Beta1(TGF-β1) and ASD-PM. Immunofluorescence microscopy images showed a two times stronger expression of fluorescence in the ASD-treated group than in that treated with TGF-β1. They also showed a stronger expression of Tn-C in proportion to the concentration of ASD-PM. We confirmed that ASD-PM when inhaled formally migrated to other organs and induced Tn-C expression. ASD-PM containing metals causes expression of Tn-C in liver tissue in proportion to the concentration of ASD-PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hyun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of BIONANO, Gachon University, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gil hospital, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Korea
| | - You Jin Hwang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Korea.,Department of Bio-Medical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Korea
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Characteristics of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) over Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas of Hong Kong. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10090496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In urban areas, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) associated with local vehicle emissions can cause respiratory and cardiorespiratory disease and increased mortality rates, but less so in rural areas. However, Hong Kong may be a special case, since the whole territory often suffers from regional haze from nearby mainland China, as well as local sources. Therefore, to understand which areas of Hong Kong may be affected by damaging levels of fine particulates, PM2.5 data were obtained from March 2005 to February 2009 for urban, suburban, and rural air quality monitoring stations; namely Central (city area, commercial area, and urban populated area), Tsuen Wan (city area, commercial area, urban populated, and residential area), Tung Chung (suburban and residential area), Yuen Long (urban and residential area), and Tap Mun (remote rural area). To evaluate the relative contributions of regional and local pollution sources, the study aimed to test the influence of weather conditions on PM2.5 concentrations. Thus, meteorological parameters including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind directions were obtained from the Hong Kong Observatory. The results showed that Hong Kong’s air quality is mainly affected by regional aerosol emissions, either transported from the land or ocean, as similar patterns of variations in PM2.5 concentrations were observed over urban, suburban, and rural areas of Hong Kong. Only slightly higher PM2.5 concentrations were observed over urban sites, such as Central, compared to suburban and rural sites, which could be attributed to local automobile emissions. Results showed that meteorological parameters have the potential to explain 80% of the variability in daily mean PM2.5 concentrations—at Yuen Long, 77% at Tung Chung, 72% at Central, 71% at Tsuen Wan, and 67% at Tap Mun, during the spring to summer part of the year. The results provide not only a better understanding of the impact of regional long-distance transport of air pollutants on Hong Kong’s air quality but also a reference for future regional-scale collaboration on air quality management.
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Dehghan A, Khanjani N, Bahrampour A, Goudarzi G, Yunesian M. Short-term effects of ambient (outdoor) air pollution on cardiovascular death in Tehran, Iran – a time series study. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1488263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azizallah Dehghan
- Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Monash Centre for Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Abbas Bahrampour
- Physiology Research Center & Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research & Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wu T, Ma Y, Wu X, Bai M, Peng Y, Cai W, Wang Y, Zhao J, Zhang Z. Association between particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease mortality in Lanzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:15262-15272. [PMID: 30929170 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution has been linked to elevated mortality, especially from cardiovascular diseases. However, evidence on the effects of particulate matter pollution on cardiovascular mortality is still limited in Lanzhou, China. This research aimed to examine the associations of daily mean concentrations of ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, PMC, and PM10) and cardiovascular mortality due to overall and cause-specific diseases in Lanzhou. Data representing daily cardiovascular mortality rates, meteorological factors (daily average temperature, daily average humidity, and atmospheric pressure), and air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2) were collected from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2017, in Lanzhou. A quasi-Poisson regression model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to estimate the associations. Stratified analyses were also performed by different cause-specific diseases, including cerebrovascular disease (CD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart rhythm disturbances (HRD), and heart failure (HF). The results showed that elevated concentration of PM2.5, PMC, and PM10 had different effects on mortality of different cardiovascular diseases. Only cerebrovascular disease showed a significant positive association with elevated PM2.5. Positive associations were identified between PMC and daily mortality rates from total cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and ischemic heart diseases. Besides, increased concentration of PM10 was correlated with increased death of cerebrovascular diseases and ischemic heart diseases. For cerebrovascular disease, each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 at lag4 was associated with increments of 1.22% (95% CI 0.11-2.35%). The largest significant effects for PMC on cardiovascular diseases and ischemic heart diseases were both observed at lag0, and a 10 μg/m3 increment in concentration of PMC was associated with 0.47% (95% CI 0.06-0.88%) and 0.85% (95% CI 0.18-1.52%) increases in cardiovascular mortality and ischemic heart diseases. In addition, it exhibited a lag effect on cerebrovascular mortality as well, which was most significant at lag6d, and an increase of 10 μg/m3 in PMC was associated with a 0.76% (95% CI 0.16-1.37%) increase in cerebrovascular mortality. The estimates of percentage change in daily mortality rates per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 were 0.52% (95% CI 0.05-1.02%) for cerebrovascular disease at lag6 and 0.53% (95% CI 0.01-1.05%) for ischemic heart disease at lag0, respectively. Our study suggests that elevated concentration of atmospheric PM (PM2.5, PMC, and PM10) in Lanzhou is associated with increased mortality of cardiovascular diseases and that the health effect of elevated concentration of PM2.5 is more significant than that of PMC and PM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Ultrasound in Children, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 82, Cuiying Gate, Chengguan District, 730030, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Disease Control and Prevention Center in Chengguan District, No. 121, Qingyang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, China
- Heart Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, China
- Heart Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Weiting Cai
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, China
- Heart Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, 730000, Lanzhou, China.
- Heart Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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27
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Qian Y, Behrens P, Tukker A, Rodrigues JFD, Li P, Scherer L. Environmental responsibility for sulfur dioxide emissions and associated biodiversity loss across Chinese provinces. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:898-908. [PMID: 30508793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a growing volume in Chinese interregional trade, along with the increasing disparities in environmental pressures. This has prompted an increased attention on where the responsibilities for environmental impacts should be placed. In this paper, we quantify the environmental responsibility of SO2 emissions and biodiversity impacts due to terrestrial acidification at the provincial level for the first time. We examine the environmental responsibility from the perspectives of production, consumption, and income generation by employing a Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) model for 2007, 2010, and 2012. The results indicate that ∼40% of SO2 emissions were driven by the consumption in provinces other than where the emissions discharged. In particular, those developed provinces were net importers of SO2 emissions and mainly outsourced their emissions to nearby developing provinces. Over the period of analysis, environmental inequality among 30 provinces was larger than GDP inequality. Furthermore, environmental inequality continued to increase while GDP inequality decreased over the time period. The results of a shared income- and consumption-based responsibility approach suggest that the environmental responsibility of SO2 emissions and biodiversity impacts for developed provinces can reach up to ∼4- to 93-fold the environmental pressure occurred within those provinces. This indicates that under these accounting principles the developed northern provinces in China would bear a much larger share of the environmental responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qian
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Paul Behrens
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University College The Hague, Anna van Buerenplein 301, 2595 DG, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Arnold Tukker
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands; Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Anna van Buerenplein 1, 2595 DA, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - João F D Rodrigues
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pingke Li
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Laura Scherer
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
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28
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Lu W. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:15133-15145. [PMID: 29558787 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has long been linked to elevated mortality and morbidity from epidemiological evidences. However, questions remain unclear whether NO2 acts directly on human health or being an indicator of other ambient pollutants. In this study, random-effect meta-analyses were performed on examining exposure to nitrogen oxide (NOx) and its association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The overall relative risk (RR) of COPD risk related to a 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 exposure increased by 2.0%. The pooled effect on prevalence was 17% with an increase of 10 μg/m3 in NO2 concentration, and 1.3% on hospital admissions, and 2.6% on mortality. The RR of COPD cases related to NO2 long-term exposure was 2.5 and 1.4% in short-term exposure. The COPD effect related with a 10 μg/m3 increase in exposure to a general outdoor-sourced NO2 was 1.7 and 17.8% to exposure to an exclusively traffic-sourced NO2; importantly, we did observe the effect of NO2 on COPD mortality with a large majority in lag0. Long-term traffic exerted more severe impairments on COPD prevalence than long-term or short-term outdoor effect; long-term mortality effect on COPD was serious in single model from this meta-analysis. Overall, our study reported consistent evidence of the potential positive association between NO2 and COPD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0202, USA
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0202, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
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Sun Q, Wang W, Chen C, Ban J, Xu D, Zhu P, He MZ, Li T. Acute effect of multiple ozone metrics on mortality by season in 34 Chinese counties in 2013-2015. J Intern Med 2018; 283:481-488. [PMID: 29247470 PMCID: PMC6764438 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous multicentre studies have estimated the association between ozone exposure and mortality, there are currently no nationally representative multicentre studies of the ozone-mortality relationship in China. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect on total (nonaccidental) and cause-specific mortality of short-term exposure to ambient ozone, and examine different exposure metrics. METHODS The effects of short-term exposure to ozone were analysed using various metrics (daily 1-h maximum, daily 8-h maximum and daily average) on total (nonaccidental) and cause-specific (circulatory and respiratory) mortality from 2013 to 2015 in 34 counties in 10 cities across China. We used distributed lag nonlinear models for estimating county-specific relative risk of mortality and combined the county-specific relative rates by conducting a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS In all-year analyses, a 10 μg m-3 increase in daily average, daily 1-h maximum and daily 8-h maximum ozone at lag02 corresponded to an increase of 0.6% (95% CI: 0.33, 0.88), 0.26% (95% CI: 0.12, 0.39) and 0.37% (95% CI: 0.2, 0.55) in total (nonaccidental) mortality, 0.66% (95% CI: 0.28, 1.04), 0.31% (95% CI: 0.11, 0.51) and 0.39% (95% CI: 0.16, 0.62) in circulatory mortality, and 0.57% (95% CI: -0.09, 1.23), 0.11% (95% CI: -0.22, 0.44) and 0.22% (95% CI: -0.28, 0.72) in respiratory mortality, respectively. These estimates had a different seasonal pattern by cause of death. In general, the seasonal patterns were consistent with the times of year when ozone concentrations are highest. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that in China, the acute effects of ozone are more closely related to daily average exposure than any other metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Sun
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - W Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - C Chen
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Ban
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - D Xu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - P Zhu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - M Z He
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - T Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dastoorpoor M, Khanjani N, Bahrampour A, Goudarzi G, Aghababaeian H, Idani E. Short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory mortality in Ahvaz, Iran. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2018; 32:30. [PMID: 30159281 PMCID: PMC6108243 DOI: 10.14196/mjiri.32.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Urban air pollutants may affect respiratory mortality. This study was conducted to investigate this effect in Ahvaz, one of the most polluted cities in the world. Methods: The impact of 7 major air pollutants including O3, PM10, NO2, CO, and SO2 were evaluated on respiratory mortality in different gender and age groups using a quasi-Poisson, second degree polynomial constrained, distributed lag model, with single and cumulative lag structures adjusted by trend, seasonality, temperature, relative humidity, weekdays, and holiday. Data were analyzed using the dlnm package in R x64 3.2.5 software. Significance level was set at less than 0.05. Results: In adjusted models, for each IQR increase of O3 in the total population, the risk ratio (RR) for respiratory deaths in 0 to 14- day lags was, respectively, 1.009 (95% CI:1.001-1.016) and 1.009 (95% CI:1.002-1.017), and it was 1.021 (95% CI: 1.002-1.040) in cumulative 0 to 14- day lags. For PM10, in the total population and in adjusted models after 0 to 14- day lags and in cumulative lags of 0 to 14 for an IQR increase in the mean concentration of PM10, the RR for respiratory deaths increased significantly and was, respectively, 1.027 (95% CI:1.002-1.051), 1.029 (95% CI:1.006-1.052), and 1.065 (95% CI:1.005-1.128). NO2 showed a significant association with respiratory deaths only in the 18 to 60 year- old age group and in 9- day lags (RR= 1.318, 95% CI:1.002-1.733). Finally, the results showed that for an IQR increase in the mean concentration of CO and SO2, the adjusted RR for respiratory deaths in 9- day lags in the total population was, respectively, RR= 1.058 (95% CI:1.008-1.111) and 1.126 (95% CI:1.034-1.220). Conclusion: Air pollution in Ahvaz is probably causing increased respiratory mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dastoorpoor
- Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahrampour
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeil Idani
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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31
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Ho HC, Wong MS, Yang L, Chan TC, Bilal M. Influences of socioeconomic vulnerability and intra-urban air pollution exposure on short-term mortality during extreme dust events. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:155-162. [PMID: 29288928 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been shown to be significantly associated with morbidity and mortality in urban areas, but there is lack of studies focused on extreme pollution events such as extreme dust episodes in high-density Asian cities. However, such cities have had extreme climate episodes that could have adverse health implications for downwind areas. More importantly, few studies have comprehensively investigated the mortality risks of extreme dust events for socioeconomically vulnerable populations. This paper examined the association between air pollutants and mortality risk in Hong Kong from 2006 to 2010, with a case-crossover analysis, to determine the elevated risk after an extreme dust event in a high-density city. The results indicate that PM10-2.5 dominated the all-cause mortality effect at the lag 0 day (OR: 1.074 [1.051, 1.098]). This study also found that people who were aged ≥ 65, economically inactive, or non-married had higher risks of all-cause mortality and cardiorespiratory mortality during days with extreme dust events. In addition, people who were in areas with higher air pollution had significantly higher risks of all-cause mortality and cardiorespiratory mortality. In conclusion, the results of this study can be used to target the vulnerable among a population or an area and the day(s) at risk to assist in health protocol development and emergency planning, as well as to develop early warnings for the general public in order to mitigate potential mortality risk for vulnerable population groups caused by extreme dust events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Man Sing Wong
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Ta-Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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LEE S, REZAEI M, JEONG T. Applying Multi-modal and Correlation Analysis on Environmental Parameters and Effect on Cardiopulmonary Endurance of Gender in Elderly People. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 47:546-552. [PMID: 29900139 PMCID: PMC5996332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation and interaction between the air pollution's components with cardiopulmonary endurance of elderly people in eight regions by using a multi-modal and correlation analysis. METHODS The data of air pollution was collected in eight selected regions in 2013 to 2015. At the same time, total number of 880 male and female, older than 65 year-olds, were investigated based on the cardiopulmonary endurance measurement in the same regions. The correlation, interaction and multiple linear regressions was tested between the air pollution components in each region and cardiopulmonary endurance of elderly people, also between the air pollution components in each region and gender, respectively. In this case, the regression analysis for both hypotheses was conducted. RESULTS There was a correlation between the level of air pollution and cardiopulmonary endurance, especially for the carbon monoxide which has a strong effect, it was followed by the effect of sulfur dioxide and fine dust, meanwhile nitrogen dioxide seems not to be effective for this measurement test. Furthermore, it was highly unlikely that gender was a significant factor for the correlation between air pollution and cardiopulmonary endurance. CONCLUSION The importance and correlation between air pollution and cardiopulmonary capacity is a critical determinant for the public health of a society, while at the same time having a serious impact on certain age groups. Provided that the factor of gender is highly unlikely to modify this impact, it is necessary to study the potential of other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungju LEE
- Dept. of Computer Convergence Software, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mehdi REZAEI
- College of Business, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Taikyeong JEONG
- College of Business, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Luo M, Hou X, Gu Y, Lau NC, Yim SHL. Trans-boundary air pollution in a city under various atmospheric conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:132-141. [PMID: 29127869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Trans-boundary air pollution (TAP) is a crucial factor affecting air quality, and its contribution may vary over time and differ under various atmospheric conditions. This study firstly applies an integrated statistical scheme to estimate the contributions of TAP and local sources to air pollutants in a city, and then investigate the influences of tropical cyclones (TC) on TAP. Hong Kong is chosen as an example because of its significant and special TAP characteristics. This study focuses on four major air pollutants, namely, respirable and fine suspended particulates (RSP/PM10 and FSP/PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), from 2002 to 2013. Our results show that, on average, TAP is the major contributor of the annual RSP, FSP, SO2, and NO2 in Hong Kong. We estimate that when a TC is approaching, the increase in pollutant concentration in Hong Kong is mainly due to the increase in TAP contribution by the strengthened northerly wind at higher level of atmosphere (≥900hPa). These changes are accompanied by decreases in precipitation and increases in northerly/north-easterly wind, which may prolong the lifetime of pollutants, enhancing pollutant transport from mainland China to Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Luo
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Xiangting Hou
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Yefu Gu
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Ngar-Cheung Lau
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong; Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Steve Hung-Lam Yim
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong; Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong; Centre for Environmental Policy and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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The Interaction between Ambient PM 10 and NO₂ on Mortality in Guangzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14111381. [PMID: 29137207 PMCID: PMC5708020 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is now a significant environmental issue in China. To better understand the health impacts of ambient air pollution, this study investigated the potential interaction between PM10 and NO2 on mortality in Guangzhou, China. Time series data of daily non-accidental mortality and concentrations of PM10 and NO2 from 2006 to 2010 were collected. Based on generalized additive model, we developed two models (bivariate model and stratified model) to explore the interaction both qualitatively and quantitatively. At lag of 0–2 days, greater interactive effects between PM10 and NO2 were presented in the graphs. Positive modified effects were also found between the two pollutants on total non-accidental death and cardiovascular death. When the NO2 concentration was at a high level (>76.14 μg/m3), PM10 showed the greatest excess relative risk percentage (ERR%) for total non-accidental mortality (0.46, 95% CI: 0.13–0.79) and cardiovascular disease mortality (0.61, 95% CI: 0.06–1.16) for each 10 μg/m3 increase. During the period of high PM10 concentration (>89.82 μg/m3), NO2 demonstrated its strongest effect for total non-accidental mortality (ERR%: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.42–1.42) and cardiovascular disease mortality (ERR%: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.38–2.03). Our results suggest a positive interaction between PM10 and NO2 on non-accidental mortality in Guangzhou.
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Shi Y, Ng E. Fine-Scale Spatial Variability of Pedestrian-Level Particulate Matters in Compact Urban Commercial Districts in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14091008. [PMID: 28869527 PMCID: PMC5615545 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14091008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matters (PM) at the pedestrian level significantly raises the health impacts in the compact urban environment of Hong Kong. A detailed investigation of the fine-scale spatial variation of pedestrian-level PM is necessary to assess the health risk to pedestrians in the outdoor environment. However, the collection of PM data is difficult in the compact urban environment of Hong Kong due to the limited amount of roadside monitoring stations and the complicated urban context. In this study, we measured the fine-scale spatial variability of the PM in three of the most representative commercial districts of Hong Kong using a backpack outdoor environmental measuring unit. Based on the measurement data, 13 types of geospatial interpolation methods were examined for the spatial mapping of PM2.5 and PM10 with a group of building geometrical covariates. Geostatistical modelling was adopted as the basis of spatial interpolation of the PM. The results show that the original cokriging with the exponential kernel function provides the best performance in the PM mapping. Using the fine-scale building geometrical features as covariates slightly improves the interpolation performance. The study results also imply that the fine-scale, localized pollution emission sources heavily influence pedestrian exposure to PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shi
- School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Edward Ng
- School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability (IEES), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Future Cities (IOFC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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Sun J, Barnes AJ, He D, Wang M, Wang J. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Disease in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E646. [PMID: 28621760 PMCID: PMC5486332 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the quantitative effects of short-term exposure of ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) on respiratory disease (RD) mortality and RD hospital admission in China through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A total of 29 publications were finally selected from searches in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang databases. Generic inverse variance method was used to pool effect estimates. Pooled estimates were used to represent the increased risk of RD mortality and RD hospital admission per 10 μg/m³ increase in NO₂ concentration. Results: Positive correlations were found between short-term NO₂ exposure and RD in China. RD mortality and RD hospital admission respectively increased by 1.4% (95% CI: 1.1%, 1.7%) and 1.0% (95% CI: 0.5%, 1.5%) per 10 μg/m³ increase in NO₂ concentration. Differences were observed across geographic regions of China. The risk of RD mortality due to NO₂ was higher in the southern region (1.7%) than in the north (0.7%). Conclusions: Evidence was found that short-term exposure to NO₂ was associated with an increased risk of RD mortality and RD hospital admission in China and these risks were more pronounced in the southern regions of the country, due in part to a larger proportion of elderly persons with increased susceptibility to NO₂ in the population compared with the north.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyao Sun
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, National Health and Family Planning Commission of People's Republic of China (NHFPC), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Andrew J Barnes
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 830 E Main St., Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
| | - Dongyang He
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, National Health and Family Planning Commission of People's Republic of China (NHFPC), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, National Health and Family Planning Commission of People's Republic of China (NHFPC), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Health Care Management, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, National Health and Family Planning Commission of People's Republic of China (NHFPC), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
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Chen F, Deng Z, Deng Y, Qiao Z, Lan L, Meng Q, Luo B, Zhang W, Ji K, Qiao X, Fan Z, Zhang M, Cui Y, Zhao X, Li X. Attributable risk of ambient PM 10 on daily mortality and years of life lost in Chengdu, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 581-582:426-433. [PMID: 28069303 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Attributable risk is an important indicator for planning and evaluating public health interventions. However, most current measures of the attributable risk of air pollutants have not considered temporal relationships between exposure and risk. More importantly, limited information is available regarding the attributable risk due to ambient air pollutants in basin regions like the Sichuan Basin, China. To quantify the association between PM10 and deaths in the Basin region, we used a measure proposed recently within the framework of the distributed lag non-linear model to estimate the attributable risk in Chengdu, China. Meanwhile, we examined the association between PM10 and years of life lost (YLL). Our analysis showed that population-attributable fractions for non-accidental, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality were 0.569% (95% CI: -3.474%, 4.374%), 0.695% (95% CI: -5.260%, 6.457%), and 0.631% (95% CI: -6.973%, 7.390%), respectively. On average, a 1μg/m3 increase in PM10 was associated with cumulative increases of 0.26893, 0.30437, and 0.21924 YLL for non-accidental, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality, respectively, referring to 20μg/m3. In addition, we found an inverse U-shaped pattern for the cumulative risk with 350μg/m3 as the reverse point. With a 1μg/m3 increase in PM10, YLL changed more significantly than mortality. Moreover, PM10 demonstrated remarkable effects on YLL among men and the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zibing Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Sichuan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhijiao Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiong Meng
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Sichuan Environmental Monitoring Centre, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Sichuan Environmental Monitoring Centre, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kui Ji
- Sichuan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiwei Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Li J, Sun S, Tang R, Qiu H, Huang Q, Mason TG, Tian L. Major air pollutants and risk of COPD exacerbations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:3079-3091. [PMID: 28003742 PMCID: PMC5161337 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s122282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Short-term exposure to major air pollutants (O3, CO, NO2, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5) has been associated with respiratory risk. However, evidence on the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations is still limited. The present study aimed at evaluating the associations between short-term exposure to major air pollutants and the risk of COPD exacerbations. Methods After a systematic search up until March 30, 2016, in both English and Chinese electronic databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, and CNKI, the pooled relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by using the random-effects model. In addition, the population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were also calculated, and a subgroup analysis was conducted. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2. Results In total, 59 studies were included. In the single-pollutant model, the risks of COPD were calculated by each 10 μg/m3 increase in pollutant concentrations, with the exception of CO (100 μg/m3). There was a significant association between short-term exposure and COPD exacerbation risk for all the gaseous and particulate pollutants. The associations were strongest at lag0 and lag3 for gaseous and particulate air pollutants, respectively. The subgroup analysis not only further confirmed the overall adverse effects but also reduced the heterogeneities obviously. When 100% exposure was assumed, PAFs ranged from 0.60% to 4.31%, depending on the pollutants. The adverse health effects of SO2 and NO2 exposure were more significant in low-/middle-income countries than in high-income countries: SO2, relative risk: 1.012 (95% confidence interval: 1.001, 1.023); and NO2, relative risk: 1.019 (95% confidence interval: 1.014, 1.024). Conclusion Short-term exposure to air pollutants increases the burden of risk of COPD acute exacerbations significantly. Controlling ambient air pollution would provide benefits to COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Nanshan, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Nanshan, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Robert Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Nanshan, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Hong Qiu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Qingyuan Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tonya G Mason
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Linwei Tian
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Nanshan, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Goudarzi G, Geravandi S, Idani E, Hosseini SA, Baneshi MM, Yari AR, Vosoughi M, Dobaradaran S, Shirali S, Marzooni MB, Ghomeishi A, Alavi N, Alavi SS, Mohammadi MJ. An evaluation of hospital admission respiratory disease attributed to sulfur dioxide ambient concentration in Ahvaz from 2011 through 2013. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22001-22007. [PMID: 27539470 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
There is no doubt that air pollutants have adverse impacts on human health. The main objective of this study was to evaluate hospital admission respiratory disease (HARD) attributed to sulfur dioxide levels in Ahvaz during three successive years. Data was taken from Iranian Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The AirQ2,2,3 model is used to quantify the impact of SO2 on inhabitants of Ahvaz and in terms of hospital admission respiratory diseases. This is a kind of statistical model which is based on some epidemiological indices such as relative risk, baseline incidence, and attributable proportion. Sampling was already performed for 24 h in four stations during 2011-2013. Four stations are good representative for residential, high traffic, industry, and background sites which cover the whole area of the Ahvaz city. Regarding to gravimetric scale, raw data of sulfur dioxide was processed using Excel software. Encoding, filtering, and processing were conducted to prepare input file for the Air Q2,2,3 model. After running model, outputs presented in term of hospital admissions respiratory cases. Based on our result, the highest mean and maximum of seasonal and annual levels for sulfur dioxide were observed in 2013. We concluded that obnoxious quality of fuel and some deficiencies in maintenance and operation of industries lead to worse quality of ambient air especially in 2013. Cumulative cases of HARD attributed to sulfur dioxide level at central of relative risk (RR) were estimated 24, 25, and 30 persons for 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively. The finding of this study showed that total mean of sulfur dioxide was higher than standard concentration. We also noticed that wintertime concentrations of sulfur dioxide during three successive years were higher than of those levels in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sahar Geravandi
- Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
- Razi Teaching Hospital, Clinical Research Development Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Idani
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition & Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Baneshi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Yari
- Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mehdi Vosoughi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Saeed Shirali
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Department of Laboratory Sciences School of Paramedical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR, Iran
| | | | - Ali Ghomeishi
- Razi Teaching Hospital, Clinical Research Development Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nadali Alavi
- Occupational Hazards Control Research Center and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Environmental, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Razi Teaching Hospital, Clinical Research Development Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Gautam S, Yadav A, Tsai CJ, Kumar P. A review on recent progress in observations, sources, classification and regulations of PM 2.5 in Asian environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:21165-21175. [PMID: 27581048 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural and human activities generate a significant amount of PM2.5 (particles ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) into the surrounding atmospheric environments. Because of their small size, they can remain suspended for a relatively longer time in the air than coarse particles and thus can travel long distances in the atmosphere. PM2.5 is one of the key indicators of pollution and known to cause numerous types of respiratory and lung-related diseases. Due to poor implementation of regulations and a time lag in introducing the vehicle technology, levels of PM2.5 in most Asian cities are much worse than those in European environments. Dedicated reviews on understanding the characteristics of PM2.5 in Asian urban environments are currently missing but much needed. In order to fill the existing gaps in the literature, the aim of this review article is to describe dominating sources and their classification, followed by current status and health impact of PM2.5, in Asian countries. Further objectives include a critical synthesis of the topics such as secondary and tertiary aerosol formation, chemical composition, monitoring and modelling methods, source apportionment, emissions and exposure impacts. The review concludes with the synthesis of regulatory guidelines and future perspectives for PM2.5 in Asian countries. A critical synthesis of literature suggests a lack of exposure and monitoring studies to inform personal exposure in the household and rural areas of Asian environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Gautam
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ankit Yadav
- The INCLEN Trust International, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-I, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Chuen-Jinn Tsai
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
- Environmental Flow (EnFlo) Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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Lu X, Yao T, Fung JCH, Lin C. Estimation of health and economic costs of air pollution over the Pearl River Delta region in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:134-143. [PMID: 27220091 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The Pearl River Delta region (PRD) is the economic growth engine of China and also one of the most urbanized regions in the world. As a two-sided sword, rapid economic development causes air pollution and poses adverse health effects to the citizens in this area. This work estimated the negative health effects in the PRD caused by the four major ambient pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3 and PM10) from 2010 to 2013 by using a log linear exposure-response function and the WRF-CMAQ modeling system. Economic loss due to mortality and morbidity was evaluated by the value of statistical life (VSL) and cost of illness (COI) methods. The results show that the overall possible short-term all-cause mortality due to NO2, O3 and PM10 reached the highest in 2013 with the values being 13,217-22,800. The highest total economic loss, which ranged from 14,768 to 25,305million USD, occurred in 2013 and was equivalent to 1.4%-2.3% of the local gross domestic product. The monthly profile of cases of negative health effects varied by city and the types of ambient pollutants. The ratio of mortality attributed to air pollutants to total population was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. People living in the countryside should consider the possible adverse health effects of urban areas before they plan a move to the city. The results show that the health burden caused by the ambient pollutants over this region is serious and suggest that tighter control policies should be implemented in the future to reduce the level of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng Lu
- Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Teng Yao
- Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jimmy C H Fung
- Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Changqing Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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DeVries R, Kriebel D, Sama S. Outdoor Air Pollution and COPD-Related Emergency Department Visits, Hospital Admissions, and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis. COPD 2016; 14:113-121. [PMID: 27564008 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2016.1216956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic literature review was performed to identify all peer-reviewed literature quantifying the association between short-term exposures of particulate matter <2.5 microns (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) and COPD-related emergency department (ED) visits, hospital admissions (HA), and mortality. These results were then pooled for each pollutant through meta-analyses with a random effects model. Subgroup meta-analyses were explored to study the effects of selected lag/averaging times and health outcomes. A total of 37 studies satisfied our inclusion criteria, contributing to a total of approximately 1,115,000 COPD-related acute events (950,000 HAs, 80,000 EDs, and 130,000 deaths) to our meta-estimates. An increase in PM2.5 of 10 ug/m3 was associated with a 2.5% (95% CI: 1.6-3.4%) increased risk of COPD-related ED and HA, an increase of 10 ug/m3 in NO2 was associated with a 4.2% (2.5-6.0%) increase, and an increase of 10 ug/m3 in SO2 was associated with a 2.1% (0.7-3.5%) increase. The strength of these pooled effect estimates, however, varied depending on the selected lag/averaging time between exposure and outcome. Similar pooled effects were estimated for each pollutant and COPD-related mortality. These results suggest an ongoing threat to the health of COPD patients from both outdoor particulates and gaseous pollutants. Ambient outdoor concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 were significantly and positively associated with both COPD-related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Kriebel
- a Department of Work Environment , University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Susan Sama
- a Department of Work Environment , University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell , Massachusetts , USA
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Shi Y, Lau KKL, Ng E. Developing Street-Level PM2.5 and PM10 Land Use Regression Models in High-Density Hong Kong with Urban Morphological Factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:8178-8187. [PMID: 27381187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring street-level particulates is essential to air quality management but challenging in high-density Hong Kong due to limitations in local monitoring network and the complexities of street environment. By employing vehicle-based mobile measurements, land use regression (LUR) models were developed to estimate the spatial variation of PM2.5 and PM10 in the downtown area of Hong Kong. Sampling runs were conducted along routes measuring a total of 30 km during a selected measurement period of total 14 days. In total, 321 independent variables were examined to develop LUR models by using stepwise regression with PM2.5 and PM10 as dependent variables. Approximately, 10% increases in the model adjusted R(2) were achieved by integrating urban/building morphology as independent variables into the LUR models. Resultant LUR models show that the most decisive factors on street-level air quality in Hong Kong are frontal area index, an urban/building morphological parameter, and road network line density and traffic volume, two parameters of road traffic. The adjusted R(2) of the final LUR models of PM2.5 and PM10 are 0.633 and 0.707, respectively. These results indicate that urban morphology is more decisive to the street-level air quality in high-density cities than other cities. Air pollution hotspots were also identified based on the LUR mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shi
- School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kevin Ka-Lun Lau
- School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR China
- The Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability (IEES), The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Edward Ng
- School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR China
- The Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability (IEES), The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR China
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Ma Y, Xiao B, Liu C, Zhao Y, Zheng X. Association between Ambient Air Pollution and Emergency Room Visits for Respiratory Diseases in Spring Dust Storm Season in Lanzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13060613. [PMID: 27338430 PMCID: PMC4924070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Air pollution has become a major global public health problem. A number of studies have confirmed the association between air pollutants and emergency room (ER) visits for respiratory diseases in developed countries and some Asian countries, but little evidence has been seen in Western China. This study aims to concentrate on this region. Methods: A time-series analysis was used to examine the specific effects of major air pollutants (PM10, SO2 and NO2) on ER visits for respiratory diseases from 2007 to 2011 in the severely polluted city of Lanzhou. We examined the effects of air pollutants for stratified groups by age and gender, accounting for the modifying effect of dust storms in spring to test the possible interaction. Results: Significant associations were found between outdoor air pollution concentrations and respiratory diseases, as expressed by daily ER visits in Lanzhou in the spring dust season. The association between air pollution and ER visits appeared to be more evident on dust days than non-dust days. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs per 10 µg/m3 increase in 3-day PM10 (L3), 5-day SO2 (L5), and the average of current and previous 2-day NO2 (L01) were 1.140 (1.071–1.214), 1.080 (0.967–1.205), and 1.298 (1.158–1.454), respectively, on dust days. More significant associations between PM10, SO2 and NO2 and ER visits were found on dust days for elderly females, elderly males and adult males, respectively. Conclusions: This study strengthens the evidence of dust-exacerbated ER visits for respiratory diseases in Lanzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Center for Meteorological Environment and Human Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Bingshuang Xiao
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Center for Meteorological Environment and Human Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Center for Meteorological Environment and Human Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Center for Meteorological Environment and Human Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Center for Meteorological Environment and Human Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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The burden of COPD mortality due to ambient air pollution in Guangzhou, China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25900. [PMID: 27195597 PMCID: PMC4872534 DOI: 10.1038/srep25900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality fraction attributable to air pollution and modification by individual characteristics of air pollution effects. We applied distributed lag non-linear models to assess the associations between air pollution and COPD mortality in 2007-2011 in Guangzhou, China, and the total COPD mortality fraction attributable to air pollution was calculated as well. We found that an increase of 10 μg/m(3) in particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was associated with a 1.58% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12-3.06%), 3.45% (95% CI: 1.30-5.66%) and 2.35% (95% CI: 0.42-4.32%) increase of COPD mortality over a lag of 0-15 days, respectively. Greater air pollution effects were observed in the elderly, males and residents with low educational attainment. The results showed 10.91% (95% CI: 1.02-9.58%), 12.71% (95% CI: 5.03-19.85%) and 13.38% (95% CI: 2.67-22.84%) COPD mortality was attributable to current PM10, SO2 and NO2 exposure, respectively. In conclusion, the associations between air pollution and COPD mortality differed by individual characteristics. There were remarkable COPD mortality burdens attributable to air pollution in Guangzhou.
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Liu Y, Yan S, Poh K, Liu S, Iyioriobhe E, Sterling DA. Impact of air quality guidelines on COPD sufferers. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:839-72. [PMID: 27143874 PMCID: PMC4846081 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s49378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COPD is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in both high- and low-income countries and a major public health burden worldwide. While cigarette smoking remains the main cause of COPD, outdoor and indoor air pollution are important risk factors to its etiology. Although studies over the last 30 years helped reduce the values, it is not very clear if the current air quality guidelines are adequately protective for COPD sufferers. Objective This systematic review was to summarize the up-to-date literature on the impact of air pollution on the COPD sufferers. Methods PubMed and Google Scholar were utilized to search for articles related to our study’s focus. Search terms included “COPD exacerbation”, “air pollution”, “air quality guidelines”, “air quality standards”, “COPD morbidity and mortality”, “chronic bronchitis”, and “air pollution control” separately and in combination. We focused on articles from 1990 to 2015. We also used articles prior to 1990 if they contained relevant information. We focused on articles written in English or with an English abstract. We also used the articles in the reference lists of the identified articles. Results Both short-term and long-term exposures to outdoor air pollution around the world are associated with the mortality and morbidity of COPD sufferers even at levels below the current air quality guidelines. Biomass cooking in low-income countries was clearly associated with COPD morbidity in adult nonsmoking females. Conclusion There is a need to continue to improve the air quality guidelines. A range of intervention measures could be selected at different levels based on countries’ socioeconomic conditions to reduce the air pollution exposure and COPD burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcheng Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Shuang Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Karen Poh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Suyang Liu
- Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emanehi Iyioriobhe
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - David A Sterling
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Sun S, Cao P, Chan KP, Tsang H, Wong CM, Thach TQ. Temperature as a modifier of the effects of fine particulate matter on acute mortality in Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 205:357-364. [PMID: 26123725 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and temperature on mortality have not been well studied, and results are difficult to synthesize. We aimed to assess modification of temperature on the association between PM2.5 and cause-specific mortality by stratifying temperature into low, medium, and high stratum in Hong Kong, using data from 1999 to 2011. The mortality effects of PM2.5 were stronger in low temperature stratum than those in high. The excess risk (%) per 10 μg/m(3) increase in PM2.5 at lag 0-1 in low temperature stratum were 0.94% (95% confidence interval: 0.65, 1.24) for all natural, 0.88% (0.38, 1.37) for cardiovascular, and 1.15% (0.51, 1.79) for respiratory mortality. We found statistically significant interaction of PM2.5 and temperature between low and high temperature stratum for all natural mortality. Our results suggested that temperature might modify mortality effects of PM2.5 in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhi Sun
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peihua Cao
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - King-Pan Chan
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hilda Tsang
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chit-Ming Wong
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thuan-Quoc Thach
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Aggarwal P, Jain S. Impact of air pollutants from surface transport sources on human health: A modeling and epidemiological approach. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 83:146-57. [PMID: 26142107 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study adopted an integrated 'source-to-receptor' assessment paradigm in order to determine the effects of emissions from passenger transport on urban air quality and human health in the megacity, Delhi. The emission modeling was carried out for the base year 2007 and three alternate (ALT) policy scenarios along with a business as usual (BAU) scenario for the year 2021. An Activity-Structure-Emission Factor (ASF) framework was adapted for emission modeling, followed by a grid-wise air quality assessment using AERMOD and a health impact assessment using an epidemiological approach. It was observed that a 2021-ALT-III scenario resulted in a maximum concentration reduction of ~24%, ~42% and ~58% for carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM), respectively, compared to a 2021-BAU scenario. Further, it results in significant reductions in respiratory and cardiovascular mortality, morbidity and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) by 41% and 58% on exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations when compared to the 2021-BAU scenario, respectively. In other words, a mix of proposed policy interventions namely the full-phased introduction of the Integrated Mass Transit System, fixed bus speed, stringent vehicle emission norms and a hike in parking fees for private vehicles would help in strengthening the capability of passenger transport to cater to a growing transport demand with a minimum health burden in the Delhi region. Further, the study estimated that the transport of goods would be responsible for ~5.5% additional VKT in the 2021-BAU scenario; however, it will contribute ~49% and ~55% additional NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations, respectively, in the Delhi region. Implementation of diesel particulate filters for goods vehicles in the 2021-ALT-IV-O scenario would help in the reduction of ~87% of PM2.5 concentration, compared to the 2021-BAU scenario; translating into a gain of 1267 and 505 DALY per million people from exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations, respectively. These findings suggest that significant health benefits are possible if goods transport is also included while designing strategies and policies in order to improve the overall urban air quality and minimize health impacts in city areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Aggarwal
- Department of Natural Resources, TERI University, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Suresh Jain
- Department of Natural Resources, TERI University, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India; Department of Energy and Environment, TERI University, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India.
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Goudarzi G, Geravandi S, Foruozandeh H, Babaei AA, Alavi N, Niri MV, Khodayar MJ, Salmanzadeh S, Mohammadi MJ. Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality attributed to ground-level ozone in Ahvaz, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:487. [PMID: 26141926 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ahvaz, the capital city of Khuzestan Province, which produces Iran's most oil, is on the rolls of fame in view of air pollution. It has also suffered from dust storm during the recent two decades. So, emissions from transportation systems, steel, oil, black carbon, and other industries as anthropogenic sources and dust storm as a new phenomenon are two major concerns of air pollution in Ahvaz. Without any doubt, they can cause many serious problems for the environment and humans in this megacity. The main objective of the present study was to estimate the impact of ground-level ozone (GLO) as a secondary pollutant on human heath. Data of GLO in four monitoring stations were collected at the first step and they were processed and at the final step they were inserted to a health effect model. Findings showed that cumulative cases of cardiovascular and respiratory deaths which attributed to GLO were 43 and 173 persons, respectively. Corresponding RR for these two events were 1.008 (95% CI) and 1.004 (95% CI), respectively. Although we did not provide a distinction between winter and summer in case of mentioned mortalities attributed to GLO, ozone concentrations in winter due to more fuel consumption and sub adiabatic condition in tropospheric atmospherewere higher than those GLO in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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